Phase retrieval for high-numerical-aperture optical systems.
We describe a phase retrieval approach for intensity point-spread functions of high-numerical-aperture optical systems such as light microscopes. The method calculates a generalized pupil function defined on a spherical shell, using measured images at several defocus levels. The resultant pupil functionsreproduce measured point-source images significantly better than does an ideal imaging model. Availability of pupil function information will facilitate new approaches to aberration correction in such systems.
Hanser
Bridget M
BM
Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Gustafsson
Mats G L
MG
Agard
David A
DA
Sedat
John W
JW
D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D055095:Optics and Photonics