title: Recruitment of lymphocytes and dendritic cells from the blood to the bronchoalveolar space and the draining lymph nodes after a single intrabronchial application of the lipopeptide MALP-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been shown previously that the synthetic macrophage-activating lipopeptide, MALP-2, is a potent stimulator of the respiratory immune system and an effective adjuvant in the induction of mucosal immune responses. In this study, the migration route of leukocytes from the blood to the bronchoalveolar space and then to the draining lymph nodes was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  MALP-2 was intratracheally instilled into lungs of Lewis rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells as well as cell preparations of other lung compartments such as the marginal vascular pool, the interstitial pool and also the draining lymph nodes were examined 3 days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application of MALP-2 induced a pronounced leukocyte accumulation in the bronchoalveolar space and the lung interstitium but not in the marginal vascular pool. A tendency to increased lymphocyte and dendritic cell numbers was observed in the draining lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate the migration of blood cells into the lung interstitium and the bronchoalveolar space in response to MALP-2. Thus, the immune reaction induced by MALP-2 might be of relevance as an adjuvant treatment in inhalant vaccination strategies in the lung.
authors.affiliation: Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. tschernig.thomas@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tschernig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lührmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pabst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; C106335:macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2