title: Beta-blockers reduce the incidence of clinical restenosis: prospective study of 4840 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PCI) remains a serious complication in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Although beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (BBs) effectively reduce many cardiac events, no large prospective studies have examined the association of BBs with restenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated the association of BBs (prescribed at hospital discharge) with clinical restenosis in 4840 patients who underwent stent placement (60%), balloon angioplasty (32%), or rotational atherectomy (8%). Clinical restenosis was defined as repeat target lesion revascularization or coronary artery bypass grafting within 6 months of PCI. Other end points included 9-month clinical restenosis, repeat target lesion PCI (only), long-term (5-year) target lesion repeat-PCI, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Multivariable regression adjusted the effect of BBs on clinical restenosis for 15 covariables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average patient age was 63 years, 75% were men, and 37% received a BB prescription. The incidence of clinical restenosis was 12% overall and was lower among those prescribed a BB (10.0% for BB, 13.5% for none, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.76, P =.004). Other predictors of decreased restenosis included stent use, age, and smoking; predictors of increased restenosis included diabetes, atherectomy, and number of treated vessels. BBs also reduced 9-month clinical restenosis (10.3% vs 13.5%, OR 0.75, P =.004), MACE (16.5% vs 20.9%, OR 0.75, P <.001), 6-month target lesion restenosis (7.8% vs 10.2%, OR 0.75, P =.006), and 5-year target lesion restenosis (12.0% vs 14.0%, OR 0.83, P =.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  beta-Adrenergic receptor blockers prescribed after PCI reduced the risk of clinical restenosis, target lesion restenosis, and MACE in this cohort of 4840 patients. The mechanism by which beta-blockers conferred a protective effect against restenosis remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah 84143, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Muhlestein
authors.forename: T Jared
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bunch
authors.forename: Tami L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bair
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Troy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lappé
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017225:Atherectomy, Coronary; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists