title: Survival analysis of the factors affecting in mortality in injured patients requiring dialysis due to acute renal failure during the Marmara earthquake: survivors vs non-survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reviewed medical records of dialyzed patients admitted to our hospital after the Marmara earthquake and evaluated the factors affecting mortality in survivors and non-survivors according to the survival times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crush syndrome (CS) was diagnosed in 110 patients. Dialysis treatment was initiated in 60 patients; 21 of all died. The patients were divided into 2 groups which consisted of 39 survivors (Group A, 25 male, 14 female, mean age: 31 +/- 2.2 years) and 21 non-survivors (Group B, 9 male, 12 female, mean age: 27 +/- 3.0 years). Victims treated by any form of renal replacement therapy, including daily or intermittant hemodialysis and/or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Clinical and laboratory findings were recorded regularly. Statistical analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier method, log rank test and Cox regression analysis for the survival functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  APACHE II scores were 13.5 +/- 0.5 for Group A and 13 +/- 0.9 for Group B. Dialysis support was started to patients in Group A in a mean period of 2.8 +/- 0.2 days and in Group B in a mean period of 3.7 +/- 0.6 days after the earthquake (p > 0.05). The most frequent site of trauma was lower extremity (61.5%) and upper + lower extremities (23%) in Group A, and lower extremity (38.1%) and trunk + lower extremity (23.8%) in Group B. The frequencies of abdominal trauma, pelvic fracture and thoracic trauma in Group B were 23.8%, 19% and 14.2%, respectively. Multiple trauma was more frequent in Group B than in Group A (42.8% vs 2.5%). The rates of fasciotomy, amputation and surgery were similar in both groups. The frequency of sepsis was higher in non-survivors. In our center, the overall mortality rate was 8%, mortality rate in CS was 21% and in dialyzed patients it was 35%. Mortality was mainly associated with sepsis. Survival periods (52.3 +/- 4.0 days) in Group A were longer than in Group B (17.3 +/- 2.5 days). With Cox regression analysis, the parameters such as systolic hypotension on admission, female gender, high serum peak creatine kinase (> 20,000 U/l) and multiple trauma including thoracic and abdominal regions, were factors increasing risk of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a result, sepsis, multiple trauma and severe crush injury were the main factors increasing mortality risk in dialyzed injuries after the earthquake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Uludag University Medical School, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey. alpersoy@uludag.edu.tr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usta
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aslanhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Güllülü
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emir
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dilek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yurtkuran
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D003444:Crush Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors