title: Long-term outcome after benzodiazepine withdrawal treatment in subjects with complicated dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aimed to monitor subjects with benzodiazepine (BZ) dependence after withdrawal treatment in order to evaluate long-term outcome and predictors of remaining BZ-free. Subjects with high-dose dependence or co-occurring alcohol problems were not excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six participants in an earlier, randomized, controlled trial of outpatient BZ discontinuation were interviewed, and documents from their treatment settings obtained, along with urine and serum samples for BZ use. Long-term outcomes for a cognitive-behavioral treatment group and a treatment-as-usual group were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BZ discontinuation treatment outcomes were maintained in both treatment groups. No between-group differences were found. At the end of the study 25% of the subjects were BZ-free, and the median dose decrease from pre-treatment levels was 16.1 mg in diazepam equivalents. Subjects with pre-treatment doses exceeding 40 mg were able to maintain their doses at therapeutic levels through the follow-up. Pre-treatment low BZ dose, no previous withdrawal attempts, and high life satisfaction predicted success in staying BZ-free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In subjects with complicated BZ dependence, the benefits of BZ discontinuation treatment may persist, but more studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: A-clinic Foundation, Helsinki, Finland. helena.vorma@hus.fi
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vorma
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naukkarinen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuoppasalmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines