title: Biomechanical changes elicited by an anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during steady rate cycling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify any changes to lower limb biomechanics during steady rate cycling as a result of an anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative study in which healthy and anterior cruciate ligament injured individuals underwent biomechanical analysis during stationary cycling.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Individuals with an anterior cruciate ligament deficiency often exhibit reductions in the magnitude of quadriceps muscle activity and subsequent knee joint extensor moments during walking. It is not known whether these compensations are present during cycling, an exercise frequently used to retrain anterior cruciate ligament injured individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy and 10 unilateral anterior cruciate ligament deficient individuals participated. All participants were required to cycle for approximately 30 s at each of six different cycling intensities while lower limb EMG, kinetics, and kinematics were collected bilaterally. Before riding, participants performed submaximal isometric contractions to generate normalizing data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to reduced quadriceps activation and net knee joint extensor moments, the anterior cruciate ligament deficient limbs exhibited decreases in linear impulse of the resultant pedal force, knee joint flexor moments, hip and ankle extensor moments, and muscle activity from gluteus maximus. These decreases were counteracted by an increase in output from the anterior cruciate ligament intact limb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior cruciate ligament injured individuals exhibited a limb attenuation strategy during cycling activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports lower limb kinetic and electromyographic data from anterior cruciate ligament deficient individuals during stationary cycling, and shows that these individuals exhibit a limb attenuation strategy on the very leg that is undergoing rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, The University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moffet
authors.forename: J Timothy
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Inglis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012421:Rupture