title: Microalbuminuria, a parameter independent of metabolic influences in hypertensive men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship of albuminuria and microalbuminuria (overnight urine albumin > or = 15 micro g/min) with insulin resistance and related metabolic abnormalities in patients with essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional evaluation of 271 (age range, 19-77 years) never-treated, non-diabetic, uncomplicated hypertensive men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triplicate overnight urine albumin determination and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance as a surrogate measure of insulin sensitivity. Additional parameters were fasting and post-load circulating glucose and insulin, lipids, body mass index, blood pressure and echocardiographic left ventricular mass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HOMA, fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin, percentages of glucose-intolerant patients, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not differ across ascending urine albumin quartiles. Body mass index, blood pressure and ventricular mass were significantly greater in the upper quartiles, and the prevalence of obesity fivefold more frequent in the top as compared with the bottom urine albumin fourth. The statistical trend was unchanged after adjustment for HOMA, while accounting for systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass by co-variance analysis abolished it. Eighty-eight patients bearing the phenotypic traits of the metabolic syndrome and a striking degree of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia showed urine albumin rates and prevalence of microalbuminuria comparable with the 183 patients who were not affected by that syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albuminuria is independent of insulin resistance and other phenotypic components of the metabolic syndrome in never-treated, non-diabetic essential hypertensive men. Microalbuminuria is more frequent in obese hypertensives but this association is explained by higher blood pressure more than insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Università di Pisa, Italy. r.pedrinelli@int.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pedrinelli
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dell'Omo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Penno
authors.forename: Vitantonio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Bello
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prato
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mariani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism