title: Implantation of a biventricular pacing system in a patient with a coronary sinus not communicating with the right atrium.
abstract: Intubation of the coronary sinus failed during implantation of a biventricular pacing system. An angiogram of the left coronary artery showed in the venous phase a coronary sinus not communicating with the right atrium. The coronary sinus was draining into a persistent left superior vena cava communicating with the left subclavian vein. The coronary sinus lead was successfully implanted through the persistent left superior vena cava, whereas the atrial and ventricular leads were implanted through the right superior vena cava in a conventional way.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. carlgr@catharina-ziekenhuis.nl
authors.forename: Berry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: van Gelder
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elders
authors.forename: Frank  A
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bracke
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meijer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000601:surgery*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities*