title: A novel retinol-binding protein in the retina of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus.
abstract: Retinoid-binding proteins are indispensable for visual cycles in both vertebrate and invertebrate retinas. These proteins stabilize and transport hydrophobic retinoids in the hydrophilic environment of plasma and cytoplasm, and allow regeneration of visual pigments. Here, we identified a novel retinol-binding protein in the eye of a butterfly, Papilio xuthus. The protein that we term Papilio retinol-binding protein (Papilio RBP) is a major component of retinal soluble proteins and exclusively binds 3-hydroxyretinol, and emits fluorescence peaking at 480 nm under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. The primary structure, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA, shows no similarity to any other lipophilic ligand-binding proteins. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of the protein estimated from the amino-acid sequence are 26.4 kDa and 4.92, respectively. The absence of any signal sequence for secretion in the N-terminus suggests that the protein exists in the cytoplasmic matrix. All-trans 3-hydroxyretinol is the major ligand of the Papilio RBP in dark-adapted eyes. Light illumination of the eyes increases the 11-cis isomer of the ligand and induces redistribution of the Papilio RBP from the proximal to the distal part of the photoreceptor layer. These results suggest that the Papilio RBP is involved in visual pigment turnover.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakakuwa
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arikawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002080:Butterflies / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D008024:Ligands; D008027:Light; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008024:Ligands; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D014801:Vitamin A; C015943:3-hydroxyretinol; D012243:Rhodopsin