title: Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension: 1-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although inhaled nitric oxide has been shown to reduce the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, there is limited data on its effect on long-term outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study is to report on the 1 year outcome of neonates treated with inhaled nitric oxide compared to a group of neonates who did not receive nitric oxide.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have previously reported on the in-hospital outcomes of 248 neonates who were >34 weeks' gestational age and were randomized to receive low-dose inhaled nitric oxide or placebo. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used in 78 (64%) neonates in the control group and in 48 (38%) neonates in the inhaled nitric oxide group (p=0.001). We now report on the outcome of neonates followed to 1 year of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 248 neonates twenty-four (10%) died before 1 year of age. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups (11% in the control group and 9% in the inhaled nitric oxide group). Of the 224 surviving infants, we were able to contact the parents or guardians of 201 (90%) children. There were no intergroup differences in the numbers of patients reported as requiring medications for pulmonary disease (14% in the control group and 14% in the inhaled nitric oxide group) or the need for supplemental oxygen (1% in the control group and 0% in the inhaled nitric oxide group). The number of neonates reported to have an abnormal neurological examination or developmental delay was also similar in both groups (14% in the control group and 19% in the inhaled nitric oxide group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of low-dose inhaled nitric oxide reduces the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without increasing the incidence of adverse outcomes to 1 year of age.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrix Medical Group, Inc., Sunrise, FL 33323, USA.
authors.forename: Reese H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jeryl L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Huckaby
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kueser
authors.forename: Marshall W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: W Michael
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Southgate
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Beverly J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keszler
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001724:Birth Weight; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide