title: Positive surgical margins in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the impact of apical dissection, bladder neck remodeling and nerve preservation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assess the incidence and location of positive surgical margins in a consecutive series of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 1998 and September 2001, 235 men underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at our institution. During this period modifications were made in the technique. We stopped preserving the puboprostatic ligaments during 1999 and stopped preserving the bladder neck during 2000. We compared the incidence of apical and bladder neck margins before and after these changes in surgical technique. Nerve sparing status was documented by the surgeon at the end of the operation and its effect on the incidence of lateral positive margins was evaluated. To concentrate on the surgically induced margins this study focused on pT2 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 169 pT2 cases and 32 (18.9%) positive margin locations. A constant decrease was noted in the overall incidence of positive margins but, while apical margins were the most abundant in 1998, posterolateral margins were most abundant in 2001. Avoiding bladder neck preservation eliminated positive bladder neck margins in 2001. The overall incidence of positive lateral surgical margins in pT2 cases treated with a nerve sparing procedure was 8.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experience gained in this procedure led to a decrease in the incidence of positive margins. Wide resection of the bladder neck and cutting the puboprostatic ligaments decreased bladder neck and apical positive margins. Nerve preservation did not increase the incidence of positive margins. These technical modifications may improve the outcome of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, CHU Henri Mondor, Creteil, France.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoznek
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Taille
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antiphon
authors.forename: Clement Claude
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abbou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery