title: Does V-A ECMO increase the likelihood of chylothorax after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors noticed a relatively large number of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) who had a chylothorax (CT). The data are reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of patients from 1990 until 2000 with CDH, treated with or without ECMO, together with the charts of patients treated with ECMO for other reasons and patients with esophageal atresia (EA) repair were reviewed. The diagnosis of CT was made if aspirated fluid appeared chylous and contained more than 90% lymphocytes or if the triglyceride level was more than 1.50 mmol/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine patients with CDH were analyzed. Postoperatively, 10% had a CT-21% in CDH patients with ECMO treatment and 6% in CDH patients without ECMO treatment. This difference appeared to be significant (P <.05). The presence of a patch as independent variable for the development of CT also showed significance (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chylothorax presented in almost all cases as a left-sided fluid accumulation, and a patch was present in the majority of patients with CDH. Therefore, CT should be considered the result of the severity of the defect rather than the consequence of ECMO as a therapeutic modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hanekamp
authors.forename: G C M
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Tjin A Djie
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: van Hoek-Ottenkamp
authors.forename: F W J
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Hazebroek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tibboel
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Postema
mesh_terms: D001187:Artificial Organs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001724:Birth Weight; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000601:surgery*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000378:metabolism