title: Mapping the genetic variation of executive attention onto brain activity.
abstract: Brain imaging data have repeatedly shown that the anterior cingulate cortex is an important node in the brain network mediating conflict. We previously reported that polymorphisms in dopamine receptor (DRD4) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genes showed significant associations with efficiency of handling conflict as measured by reaction time differences in the Attention Network Test (ANT). To examine whether this genetic variation might contribute to differences in brain activation within the anterior cingulate cortex, we genotyped 16 subjects for the DRD4 and MAOA genes who had been scanned during the ANT. In each of the two genes previously associated with more efficient handling of conflict in reaction time experiments, we found a polymorphism in which persons with the allele associated with better behavioral performance showed significantly more activation in the anterior cingulate while performing the ANT than those with the allele associated with worse performance. The results demonstrate how genetic differences among individuals can be linked to individual differences in neuromodulators and in the efficiency of the operation of an appropriate attentional network.
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fossella
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Yanghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Posner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D004247:DNA; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase