title: Haemodynamic adaptation during exercise in fontan patients at a long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the haemodynamic regulation at rest and during exercise in Fontan patients at a long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac output was measured with the dye-dilution technique. We examined 15 out of the surviving 20 patients operated upon in Göteborg between 1980 and 1991. Their mean age was 26.4 years. Four patients had to be excluded due to technical reasons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median maximal oxygen uptake was 1.47 l/min, corresponding to 21.9 ml/kg/min. Cardiac output was lower than expected at all exercise levels, presumably due to a reduced pulmonary blood flow. The median maximal cardiac output value was 8.0 l/min. Stroke volume index was 33 ml/m (2). The subjects compensated for the reduced cardiac output with an increased arteriovenous oxygen difference. They had a normal increase in arterial blood pressure. This was achieved by an increase in total peripheral resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low maximal exercise capacity was due to a reduced cardiac output and a reduced pulmonary blood flow. This was compensated for by an increased arteriovenous oxygen difference
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Queen Sivia Children's Hospital, Göteburg University, sweden. eva.stromvall-larsson@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strömvall  Larsson
authors.forename: Bengt O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000401:mortality; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D013997:Time Factors