title: Curative surgery for local pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Local pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer after radical resection has been associated with morbidity and cancer-related death. This study retrospectively evaluated outcome following curative resection for rectal cancer recurring after surgery on the basis of prognosis, type of procedure and perioperative morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 85 consecutive patients with local pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer were evaluated. Of these, 43 underwent microscopic curative surgery for local recurrence. Among the 43 patients, 23 underwent surgery alone and 17 received preoperative radiotherapy (40 Gy) (XRT group) in addition to the surgery. Of the 43 patients, 26 were asymptomatic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curative resection was higher in the recurrences that were associated with implantation, incomplete surgical margin clearance, and intrapelvic lymph node metastasis than in other types of recurrence. With regard to surgical procedure, abdominoperineal resection (APR), with or without sacral resection, was standard following previous sphincter-preserving surgery, while total pelvic exenteration (TPE), with or without sacral resection, was common following previous APR. Local excision was not considered appropriate surgery. There was a high incidence of perioperative morbidity (64%) in patients receiving TPE. Re-recurrence was observed in 18 patients (50%) after curative surgery. After a follow-up of 2 years or more, the local re-recurrence rate was 28%. The overall 5-year survival rate for patients receiving curative resection was 39%, for patients in the XRT group, 51%, and for patients in the surgery-alone group, 24% (p = 0.07). The survival rate in 26 asymptomatic patients was higher than in 17 patients with symptoms, with 5-year survival rates of 62 and 23% (p < 0.05), respectively. The cumulative local control in the preoperative radiotherapy plus en bloc surgery group (XRT group) was significantly better than in the surgery-alone group (p < 0.01), and survival in the XRT group tended to be better than in surgery alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that careful patient selection according to the pattern of recurrence, area of invasion and presence of symptoms is important for successful curative surgery. Aggressive surgery with adjuvant therapy may lead to an improved salvage rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. norsaito@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugito
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome