title: A comparative study of Chinese, American and Japanese nurses' perceptions of ethical role responsibilities.
abstract: This article reports a survey of nurses in different cultural settings to reveal their perceptions of ethical role responsibilities relevant to nursing practice. Drawing on the Confucian theory of ethics, the first section attempts to understand nursing ethics in the context of multiple role relationships. The second section reports the administration of the Role Responsibilities Questionnaire (RRQ) to a sample of nurses in China (n = 413), the USA (n = 163), and Japan (n = 667). Multidimensional preference analysis revealed the patterns of rankings given by the nurses to the statements they considered as important ethical responsibilities. The Chinese nurses were more virtue based in their perception of ethical responsibilities, the American nurses were more principle based, and the Japanese nurses were more care based. The findings indicate that the RRQ is a sensitive instrument for outlining the embedded sociocultural factors that influence nurses' perceptions of ethical responsibilities in the realities of nursing practice. This study could be important in the fostering of partnerships in international nursing ethics.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. hsspang@inet.polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Samantha Mei-che
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Philip L H
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Moon-fai
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mayumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel / Q000208:ethnology*; D002681:China; D032903:Confucianism; D003237:Connecticut; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004645:Empathy; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D028662:Principle-Based Ethics; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D028722:Virtues