title: Phase II trial of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium: a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gemcitabine and docetaxel are active agents in advanced urothelial carcinoma. A Phase II trial of this combination was performed to determine the activity and toxicity of these agents in a multiinstitutional setting in patients previously treated with one prior chemotherapy regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine eligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated with docetaxel at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) over 1 hour followed by gemcitabine, 800 mg/m(2), over 30 minutes, both intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8. Cycles were repeated every 21 days until disease progression or a maximum of 6 cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients obtained an objective response for an overall response rate of 17% (90% confidence interval, 7-33%). One patient achieved a complete clinical response. The median overall survival of the group was 7.7 months. Toxicity was moderate with granulocytopenia, anorexia, and fatigue being the most commonly noted side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gemcitabine and docetaxel is an active second-line combination in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Responses in visceral, lymph node, and soft tissues sites were observed. Granulocytopenia without fever, fatigue, and anorexia was common. Thromboembolic symptoms were reported and are of concern. The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel has the potential to palliate a subset of previously treated patients with an adequate performance status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology and the Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA. dreicer@cc.ccf.org
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dreicer
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manola
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schwerkoske
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilding
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D043823:Taxoids; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019459:Urothelium; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017239:Paclitaxel; D000093542:Gemcitabine