title: Gram-negative Diplococcal Respiratory Infections.
abstract: Human respiratory tract infections caused by gram- negative diplococci continue to remain significant issues in health care. Although not addressed as frequently as the classical diplococcal pneumonia, the gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), infections due to Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus), and Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly called both Neisseria catarrhalis and Branhamella catarrhalis) are addressed here including their microbiology, respiratory tract manifestations, antimicrobial treatment, and potential prevention with immunization.
authors.affiliation: *Infectious Diseases, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, 800 Poly Place (IIIE), Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA. larry.lutwick@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Nargis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naheed
authors.forename: Maqsood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Larry I.
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lutwick