title: A comparison study between ketamine and ketamine-promethazine combination for oral sedation in pediatric dental patients.
abstract: This study compared the incidence of vomiting and the sedative effectiveness of ketamine to a ketamine-prornethazine combination in pediatric dental patients. Twenty-two patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists' classification I physical status who were between the ages of 21 and 43 months were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group received 10 mg/kg of ketamine orally, whereas the experimental group received 10 mg/kg of ketamine and 1.1 mg/kg of promethazine orally. Nitrous oxide in oxygen was supplemented between 35 and 50%. Each patient received 1 or 2 quadrants of restoration by one operator. Heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were monitored and recorded during the treatment. Crying, alertness, movement, and overall general behavior were rated using the scale by Houpt et al. A dentist-anesthesiologist conducted the vital sign monitoring and behavioral assessment. Ketamine combined with promethazine eliminated the incidence of vomiting. A 2 x 2 chi-square contingency table showed a statistical difference between the 2 groups at P < .05 (control group, 27%; experimental group, 0%). Ketamine alone yielded better sedations than the combined agents as shown by the Mann-Whitney U statistical analysis (P < .05). Ketamine and a ketamine-promethazine combination are effective in the sedation of pediatric dental patients.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Redden
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001364:Awareness / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003448:Crying; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011398:Promethazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D011398:Promethazine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010100:Oxygen