title: Linezolid and vancomycin, alone and in combination with rifampin, compared with moxifloxacin against a multidrug-resistant and a vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae strain in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model.
abstract: Potential alternatives, including linezolid, adjunctive rifampin, and moxifloxacin, were evaluated against vancomycin-tolerant (P9802-020) and vancomycin-susceptible clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Vancomycin exhibited maximal killing of 2-log(10) CFU/ml against P9802-020. Linezolid, moxifloxacin, and linezolid plus rifampin exhibited 99.9% killing against both isolates. These alternatives should be considered for further evaluation against vancomycin-tolerant S. pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rybak
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D012293:Rifampin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D000069349:Linezolid; D012293:Rifampin