title: Heart disease in diabetic patients.
abstract: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients have an increased incidence of ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure. Cardiovascular disease accounts for up to 80% of the excess mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The burden of cardiovascular disease is especially pronounced in diabetic women. Factors that underlie diabetic heart disease include multiple vessel coronary artery disease, long-standing hypertension, metabolic derangements such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, microvascular disease, and autonomic neuropathy. There is also increased sudden death associated with diabetes, which is due, in part, to the underlying autonomic neuropathy. This article reviews diabetic cardiac disease, with an emphasis on type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. michaela.blendea@downstate.edu
authors.forename: Mihaela C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Blendea
authors.forename: Samy I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Esma R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Isenovic
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gick
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sowers
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors