Estrogen as neuroprotectant of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system: laboratory and clinical studies.
In this review, we relate both laboratory and clinical evidence associated with the capacity for estrogen to function as a modulator of nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathology. To accomplish this goal, we have divided this review into three parts. In Part 1, we provide a brief historical perspective of studies that have laid the groundwork for demonstrating the existence of hormonal- nigrostriatal interactions. In Part 2, we focus specifically on laboratory data that show the ability and conditions by which estrogen may function as a neuroprotectant of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Finally, in Part 3, we review the clinical literature related to this issue as a means for consideration of estrogen as a modulator, neuroprotectant, and therapy for Parkinson disease.
Dluzen
Dean
D
Department of Anatomy, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown 44272, USA. ded@neoucom.edu
Horstink
Martin
M
D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D004967:Estrogens; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D004298:Dopamine