title: Is granuloma annulare related to intermediate uveitis with retinal vasculitis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on eight patients with severe idiopathic intermediate uveitis (IU) and granuloma annulare (GA), a self limiting cutaneous condition of unknown aetiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series. Clinical ophthalmic and dermatological data were studied and fluorescein angiography and skin biopsies were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with idiopathic IU had similar ocular features (eight with vitritis, seven with retinal vasculitis) and developed complications such as cystoid macular oedema (n=5), cataract (n=4), and glaucoma (n=3). Systemic diseases were not found, but a localised type of GA was observed in all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seven out of eight patients with IU and GA developed severe retinal vasculitis. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of this association, a common pathogenesis, and its eventual clinical consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, FC Donders Institute, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. b.vankooij@oogh.azu.nl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Kooij
authors.forename: M Canninga
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015867:Uveitis, Intermediate / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology