title: Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of Neptune Krill Oil (NKO) for the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of NKO for the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea with that of omega-3 fish oil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients of reproductive age diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment period of three months with either NKO or omega-3 fish oil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-Assessment Questionnaire based on the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) diagnostic criteria for premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea and number of analgesics used for dysmenorrhea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 70 patients with complete data, a statistically significant improvement was demonstrated among baseline, interim, and final evaluations in the self assessment questionnaire (P < 0.001) within the NKO group as well as between-group comparison to fish oil, after three cycles or 45 and 90 days of treatment. Data analysis showed a significant reduction of the number of analgesics used for dysmenorrhea within the NKO group (comparing baseline vs. 45- vs. 90-day visit). The between-groups analysis illustrated that women taking NKO consumed significantly fewer analgesics during the 10-day treatment period than women receiving omega-3 fish oil (P < 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neptune Krill Oil can significantly reduce dysmenorrhea and the emotional symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and is shown to be significantly more effective for the complete management of premenstrual symptoms compared to omega-3 fish oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. tina.sampalis@sympatico.ca
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sampalis
authors.forename: Roxandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bunea
authors.forename: Marie France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pelland
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duguet
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dupuis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D033201:Euphausiacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009821:Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D009821:Oils