title: Constitutive activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in celiac disease lesions.
abstract: The biological effects of interferon (IFN)-gamma rely mainly on the activity of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and the intracellular levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1, a negative regulator that controls the amplitude and duration of STAT-1 activation. IFN-gamma is a key mediator of the immunopathology in celiac disease (CD, gluten-sensitive enteropathy). Thus we have investigated STAT-1 signaling and SOCS-1 expression in this condition. As expected, high local concentrations of IFN-gamma were invariably seen in duodenal biopsies from CD patients in comparison to controls. On the basis of immunohistochemistry, STAT-1 phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and DNA-binding activity, STAT-1 activation was consistently more pronounced in CD compared with controls. Despite samples from CD patients containing abundant SOCS-1 mRNA, SOCS-1 protein was expressed at the same level in CD patients and controls. In explant cultures of CD biopsies, gliadin induced the activation of STAT-1 but not SOCS-1. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT-1 prevented the gliadin-mediated induction of ICAM-1 and B7-2. These data suggest that persistent STAT-1 activation can contribute to maintaining and expanding the local inflammatory response in CD.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzarella
authors.forename: Thomas T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Virginia M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Salvati
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pasquale
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stefanile
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lionetti
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auricchio
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pallone
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troncone
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monteleone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005903:Gliadin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005903:Gliadin