title: [Antiviral effect of sulfated sialyl lipid against a clinical strain of adenovirus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, there is no antiviral drug for adenovirus(AdV). We have reported that sulfated sialyl lipid(NMSO) 3, a NMSO, has an antiviral effect against AdV prototype strains. We evaluated the antiviral inhibitory effect and the mechanism of NMSO 3 against AdV strains from patients with conjunctivitis in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viruses used for the experiment were clinically isolated AdV type 3(AdV 3), AdV type 4(AdV 4), type 8(ADV 8), AdV type 19(AdV 19), and type 37(AdV 37). We examined three antiviral agents, i.e., NMSO 3, cidofovir(HPMPC), and zalcitabine(ddC). 50% effective concentration(EC50), 50% cytotoxic concentration(CC50), and selectivity index(SI) of compounds were determined for AdV infection in HEp-2 cells using 3-(4,5-dimetyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) methods. We also evaluated the anti-AdV activity of NMSO 3 when it was added during the stage of virus adsorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NMSO 3, HPMPC, and ddC showed an inhibitory effect against all five AdV clinical strains. The EC50 values of NMSO3 were lower than those of HPMPC and ddC. NMSO 3 exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. NMSO 3 inhibited AdV infection only when it was added during the stage of virus adsorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NMSO 3 inhibited the replication of all clinical AdV serotypes tested. NMSO 3 was the most potent and selective anti-AdV compound. The mechanism of anti-AdV activity by NMSO 3 was inhibition of viral adsorption to cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisatoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shigeta
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C413863:(2,2-bis(docosyloxymethyl)propyl-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-(sodium oxysulfonyl)glycero-alpha-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid)onate; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D008055:Lipids; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D016047:Zalcitabine; D003596:Cytosine; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; D000077404:Cidofovir