title: Personality traits and personality disorders in early onset versus late onset major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to determine the relationship between certain personality disorders and/or personality traits and early onset major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 400 depressed primary care patients were assessed for personality disorders using the SCID screen and for personality traits using the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) questionnaire. Early onset was defined as onset of the first episode before the age of 26. Logistic regressions were performed to reveal relationships after adjustment for sex, age and number of previous episodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups had a similar severity of current illness determined by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Those with an early onset presented with a more debilitating course, seen in the form of more depressive episodes and previous hospitalisations in spite of their younger age. Early onset was also an independent predictor for avoidant, borderline and paranoid personality disorders. It also predicted increased scores on the KSP scales Psychic anxiety, Psychasthenia, Muscular tension, Suspicion and Irritability, and decreased Socialisation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation was performed as a self-assessment, subjects had a superimposed major depressive episode when assessed, and subgroups of individuals were not eligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early onset major depression is a predictor for personality pathology and deviant personality traits. A better understanding of the interplay between genetics and environment that underlies this phenomenon will help to improve the long-term course in afflicted individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. mia.ramklint@bupinst.uu.se
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramklint
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ekselius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D003710:Demography; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012928:Social Desirability; D014705:Verbal Behavior