title: Unusual vertebral artery origins: examples and related pathology.
abstract: Anomalies of the vertebral arteries are uncommon, but important to recognize in the diagnosis and catheter based evaluation and treatment of patients suffering cerebrovascular disease. This article illustrates our experience with such anomalies. These include the vertebral artery arising as the fourth and most distal branch of the aortic arch, as a right subclavian artery branch arising distal to the right thyrocervical trunk, as a right common carotid artery branch in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery, and a case of left vertebral artery proximal duplication, with both aortic and left subclavian vertebral arteries present in the same patient; the latter join to form a single distal cervical vertebral artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiologic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA. koenigsberg@drexel.edu
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koenigsberg
authors.forename: Lorianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwartzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology