title: The effect of graded hypothermia (36 degrees C-32 degrees C) on hemostasis in anesthetized patients without surgical trauma.
abstract: The isolated effects of hypothermia on hemostasis have not been investigated in healthy humans. We cooled 16 anesthetized patients scheduled for elective intracranial surgery to 32 degrees C body core temperature and assessed prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombelastogram (TEG), closure time, and platelet count at 36 degrees C, 34 degrees C, and 32 degrees C body core temperature after the induction of anesthesia but before surgical intervention. Activated partial thromboplastin time, hematocrit, and closure time did not change, whereas PT and platelet count decreased during cooling. Platelet count decreased without a decrease in hematocrit; hence, a dilution by administered fluids seemed unlikely. The small decrease of platelet count is probably clinically irrelevant in patients with normal platelet count and function. The small decrease in PT indicates an alteration of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. TEG measurements showed a delay of clot formation in temperature-adjusted measurements but showed no change if the test temperature was 37 degrees C. This indicates that hypothermia reduces plasmatic coagulation and platelet reactivity. However, the clot strength is not altered by hypothermia. All coagulation variables remained within the normal ranges. Our results may indicate that moderate short-term (4-h) hypothermia has only minor adverse effects in healthy humans. We can make no statement about the effects of hypothermia of longer duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study investigated the isolated effects of hypothermia in healthy anesthetized humans. We found only minor effects of body temperature reduction to 32 degrees C on assessed coagulation variables, indicating only minor effects in otherwise healthy humans.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University of Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and †Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Clinical Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kettner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sitzwohl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimpfer
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kozek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Spiss
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Illievich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010976:Platelet Count; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D013916:Thrombelastography