title: Effects of verbal and physical prompts on external strategy use in children with and without mild mental retardation.
abstract: Effects of type of prompt on the use of external strategies were examined. Participants were 7-, 9-, 11-, and 17-year-old children without mental retardation and 11- and 17-year-old children with mental retardation (N = 272). They were given a task requiring memory for object placement and assigned to one of four conditions: no prompt, verbal prompt, physical prompt, verbal and physical prompt. In the physical and verbal prompt condition, 17-year-old children with mental retardation used strategies at the same rate as 17-year-old children without mental retardation. Eleven-year-old children with mental retardation used similar types of strategies as the 7-year-old children without mental retardation. Thus, strategy use of older children with mental retardation may be activated to the same level of children without mental retardation with prompts.
authors.affiliation: Ball State University, Department of Psychology, TC 507, Muncie, IN 47306, USA. klfletcher@bsu.edu
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Lisa F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Huffman
authors.forename: Norman W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Bray
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D007360:Intelligence; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D011340:Problem Solving; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis