title: Colorectal transport in normal defaecation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colorectal luminal transport during defaecation can be assessed by means of scintigraphy. However, normal values remain to be established and inter- and intra-subjective variation is unknown. The aim of the study was to describe colorectal transport during normal defaecation by means of a new method for colorectal scintigraphy and to determine inter- and intrasubjective variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy volunteers (18 men and 12 women, age 22-46 years; median 31) took 2 MBq 111In on two consecutive days (days 0 and 1). On days 1 and 2 an abdominal scintigraphy was done before and after defaecation. Changes in colorectal contents were computed in two ways: firstly, assuming ordered evacuation, the extent of colorectal emptying was computed; secondly, antegrade and retrograde transport within the colorectum was computed for each colorectal segment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median colorectal emptying during normal defaecation was 99% of the rectosigmoid (range: 60% of the rectosigmoid to complete emptying of the rectosigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon and 19% of the caecum/ascending colon). There was no difference between men (median 99% of the rectosigmoid) and women (98% of the rectosigmoid). Day to day variation was large (dispersion=52%) with a trend towards larger defaecation on day 2 than on day 1 (P = 0.09). Large antegrade and retrograde movements of colorectal contents were observed within the colorectum during defaecation. Antegrade transport involved the rectosigmoid (median 99%), the descending colon (median 53%), the transverse colon (median 46%), and the caecum/ascending colon (median 11%). Retrograde transport was mainly from the transverse colon and the descending colon. Colorectal emptying was significantly correlated to the subjective description (P < 0.01) but not to total gastrointestinal or segmental colorectal transit times determined by means of radioopaque markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colorectal scintigraphy before and after defaecation provides detailed information about colorectal emptying and intracolonic antegrade or retrograde transport during defaecation. Inter- and intraindividual variations are large and antegrade and retrograde transport within the colorectum is common.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery L, University Hospital of Aarhus, Tage Hansensgade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Krogh@aaa.dk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003106:Colon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*