title: Differentiating tuberculous from malignant pleural effusions: a scoring model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with tuberculous or malignant pleural effusions frequently have similar clinical manifestations and pleural fluid profile. The aim of our study was to derive a simple clinical score for differential diagnosis of these two clinical entities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our retrospective study involved 106 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 286 with malignant effusions, seen during a 9-year period. Clinical and laboratory variables with (model 1) and without (model 2) the addition of pleural adenosine deaminase entered into a multivariate analysis to calculate a scoring system (range 0 to 10) for the detection of tuberculous effusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In model 1, four variables predicted a tuberculous etiology: adenosine deaminase > or = 40 U/L (5 points), age <35 years (2), temperature > or 37.8 degrees C (2), and pleural fluid red blood cell count < 5 x 10(9)/L (1). In addition to the last three items, model 2 identified other predictive parameters: no history of malignancy (3), pleural protein > or = 50 g/L (1), and pleural fluid to serum lactate dehydrogenase ratio > or 2.2 (1). Summated scores of > or 5 in model 1 and > or 6 in model 2 yielded measures of sensitivity (95% and 97%), and specificity (94% and 91%) for discriminating tuberculous from malignant effusions, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for models 1 and 2 was 0.987 and 0.982, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of clinical data and pleural fluid chemistry profile into a score-based model can facilitate differential diagnosis between tuberculous and malignant effusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Lleida, Spain. jporcelp@medynet.com
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porcel
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vives
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014396:Tuberculosis, Pleural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase