title: Harmonization of anthropometric measurements for a multicenter nutrition survey in Spanish adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the need for accurate anthropometric measurement has been repeatedly stressed, reports on growth and physical measurements in human populations rarely include estimates of measurement error. We describe the standardization process and reliability of anthropometric measurements carried out in a pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the intraobserver assessment of anthropometric measurements, we studied 101 adolescents (58 boys and 43 girls) from five cities. For interobserver assessment, we studied 10 adolescents from the same class in Zaragoza and different from those in the intraobserver sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For skinfold thickness, intraobserver technical errors of measurement (TEMs) in general were smaller than 1 mm; for circumferences, TEMs in general were smaller than 1 cm. Intraobserver reliability for skinfold thickness was greater than 95% for almost all cases; for circumferences, intraobserver reliability generally was greater than 95%. Interobserver TEMs ranged from 1 to 2 mm for the six skinfold thicknesses measured; for circumferences, TEMs were smaller than 1 cm for the arm, biceps, and waist and between 1 and 2 cm for the hip and thigh. Interobserver reliabilities for skinfold thickness and circumference were always greater than 90%, except for biceps skinfold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are in agreement with those recommended in the literature. Therefore, these anthropometric measures seem to be adequate to assess body composition in a multicenter survey in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: E.U. Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Aveñida Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. lmoreno@posta.unizar.es
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joyanes
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mesana
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Gross
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarría
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garaulet
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez-Prieto
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Ascensión
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001824:Body Constitution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015588:Observer Variation; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013030:Spain