title: Thrombolysis of occluded synthetic bypass grafts in the lower limb: technical success and 1-year follow-up in 32 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospectively the technical success and clinical outcome of thrombolysis for acute occlusion of synthetic arterial bypass grafts in the lower limb.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two consecutive patients (27 men; median age 65 years, range 41-80) with occluded polytetrafluoroethylene bypass grafts were treated with direct-catheter thrombolysis (100,000-IU bolus of urokinase with 100,000-IU/h infusion) followed by ancillary interventions to treat underlying stenosis whenever necessary. All patients received oral anticoagulation to maintain the international normalized ratio at 3.0 to 4.0. Clinical follow-up and duplex ultrasound examinations were performed at 3-month intervals up to 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thrombolysis was technically successful in 27 (84%) patients; 3 of the 5 failed patients had amputations. Mean duration of urokinase therapy was 36+/-14 hours. In 18 patients, underlying stenoses (11 distal anastomosis, 5 proximal anastomosis, and 3 inflow) were treated, 15 by an endovascular procedure and 3 surgically. Four major complications occurred: groin hematoma, sepsis, transient renal dysfunction, and a hemorrhage at the proximal anastomosis after urokinase treatment. At 1 year, 21 bypass grafts had reoccluded (20% patency rate on intention-to-treat basis); 3 reocclusions resulted in amputation (overall 19% amputation rate).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombolysis in the setting of acute lower limb bypass graft occlusion is associated with good initial technical success rates and satisfactory clinical results. However, the re-occlusion rate within 1 year is high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. vanholten@rond.azr.nl
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Holten
authors.forename: Lukas C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Marc R H M
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van Sambeek
authors.forename: Hero
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Urk
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Overhagen
authors.forename: Peter M T
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pattynama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator