title: A microtiter-plate screening method for biofilm disinfection and removal.
abstract: A quantitative spectrophotometric method was developed to measure the removal and killing efficacy of antibiofilm agents. Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus epidermidis were grown in 96-well plates, treated with an agent, then stained with either the biomass indicator crystal violet or the respiratory indicator 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride. This rapid screening method is sensitive enough to elucidate concentration-response relationships as well as differences between species responses to treatments. Using these assays, agents can be ranked by their ability to remove or kill biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
authors.forename: Betsey
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zelver
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004203:Disinfection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C075453:5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium; D014508:Urea; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite