title: Chloramphenicol succinate kinetics in infants and young children.
abstract: We sought to estimate the serum and urine pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol succinate (CmS) and the effects of variation of these parameters on chloramphenicol (Cm) kinetics in 24 infants and young children ages two weeks to seven years. The mean T(1/2) of CmS was 0.40 hours; the mean body clearance was 0.72 liter/KG/hour; the mean apparent volume of distribution was 0.42 liter/kg. Variation in CmS T(1/2) did not correlate with significant variation in Cm T(1/2) (r2 = 0.002, P = 0.84). Urine collected during the dosing interval in nine patients contained 35% (mean) of the administered dose. Adjusting the infusion duration to 5 minutes or 120 minutes had no effect on the amount of CmS lost in the urine. The quantity of CmS lost in the urine affects the amount bioavailable, and secondarily the calculated volume of distribution and body clearance of Cm. We conclude that variation in urinary prodrug excretion affects the amount of Cm bioavailable to the patient, but variation in CmS T(1/2) has little effect on Cm T(1/2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle 98105, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Koup
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Opheim
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neeley
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002701:Chloramphenicol; C026016:chloramphenicol succinate