title: Progression of dementia associated with lacunar infarctions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lacunar stroke (L) is the most common stroke subtype associated with vascular dementia (VaD-L).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cognitive and behavioral course in patients with probable VaD-L.
  
  
  METHODS
  We longitudinally measured rates of change on MMSE, digit span, logical memory, Controlled Oral Word Association, CERAD battery and neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) in 77 patients (age at entry 69 +/- 8.1 years) with probable VaD-L for 25.75 +/- 11 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of follow-up visits was 2.6 +/- 0.67 (range 2-4). Time interval between any two consecutive visits was at least 5 months (range 5-41). MMSE deteriorated by 1.44+/- 1.8 points annually and NPI increased by 6.01 +/- 13.7 points annually (p < 0.0001). The rates of cognitive and behavioral decline were predominantly influenced by the cognitive state at entry into the study and the occurrence of new vascular episodes during follow-up [(-0.95 +/- 1.7) MMSE and (+2.02 +/- 14.1) NPI points annually without vascular episodes vs. (-2.09 +/- 1.6) and (+11.3 +/- 11.4) points following vascular episodes (p < 0.0001)]. Impaired cognition was associated with impaired behavior (p < 0.001). VaD-L patients without additional vascular episodes at follow-up have a progressively deteriorating course as well (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VaD-L is characterized by cognitive and behavioral decline. The rate of decline is determined mainly by the severity of the cognitive and behavioral impairment at baseline and by the occurrence of new vascular episodes.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology Unit, Rambam Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. jaharon@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aharon-Peretz
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daskovski
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashiach
authors.forename: Dorita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kliot
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology