title: Tissue harmonic imaging: utility in breast sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of tissue harmonic imaging on visualization of focal breast lesions and to compare gray scale contrast between focal breast lesions and fatty tissue of the breast between tissue harmonic imaging and fundamental frequency sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed on 219 female patients (254 lesions) undergoing sonographically guided fine-needle biopsy. The fundamental frequency and tissue harmonic images of all lesions were obtained on a scanner with a wideband 7.5-MHz linear probe. Twenty-three breast carcinomas, 6 suspect lesions, 9 fibroadenomas, 1 papilloma, 1 phyllodes tumor, 162 unspecified solid benign lesions, and 40 cysts were found. In 12 cases the fine-needle aspiration did not yield sufficient material. The gray scale intensity of the lesions and adjacent fatty tissue was measured with graphics software, and the gray scale contrast between lesions and adjacent fatty tissue was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue harmonic imaging improved the gray scale contrast between the fatty tissue and breast lesions in 230 lesions (90.6%; P < .001) compared with fundamental frequency images. The contrast improvement was bigger in breasts with predominantly fatty or mixed (fatty/glandular) composition than in predominantly glandular breasts. The overall conspicuity, lesion border definition, lesion content definition, and acoustic shadow conspicuity were improved or equal in the harmonic mode for all lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tissue harmonic imaging technique used as an adjunct to conventional breast sonography may improve lesion detectability and characterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. kazszo@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Kazimierz T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Szopinski
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pajk
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wysocki
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amy
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szopinska
authors.forename: Wieslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jakubowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D018226:Fibroadenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010212:Papilloma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods