title: Examination of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of AH26 and AH Plus sealers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study in vitro the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of AH26 and AH Plus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxic effects on Chinese hamster V79 cells were determined by counting viable cells following incubation with eluations of AH26 and AH Plus. In one set of experiments, the materials were mixed, set for 1 h and then eluted with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for 1 h, 24 h and 7 days. In the other set, AH26 and AH Plus were mixed and set for 1 h, 24 h and 7 days in physiological saline then crushed and eluted in DMSO for 24 h. The cytotoxic effects of these eluates were evaluated. Three concentrations were chosen to examine the mutagenic effects of AH26 and AH Plus: 5.57, 16.7 and 55.7 microg mL(-1). The structural chromosomal aberration analysis and micronucleus test were performed on human lymphocytes according to standard procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-response curves of cell survival were obtained. Both materials were shown to be cytotoxic in doses larger than 55.7 microg mL(-1), except for AH26, after 7 days setting time. AH Plus was also shown to be toxic in concentrations of 16.7 microg mL(-1), except after 7 days setting time. Neither AH26 nor AH Plus induced a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei induction at any setting time or concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no mutagenicity found for AH26 and AH Plus on human lymphocytes in highly controlled conditions in vitro.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miletić
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jukić
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anić
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeljezić
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garaj-Vrhovac
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osmak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001729:Bismuth / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D012834:Silver / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012997:Solvents; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D009153:Mutagens; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012997:Solvents; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D014025:Titanium; D001729:Bismuth; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide