Biosynthetic regulation and intracellular transport of phosphatidylserine in mammalian cells.
In mammalian cells, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is synthesized through the action of the endoplasmic reticulum enzymes, PtdSer synthase 1 and 2, and the decarboxylation of PtdSer accounts for the majority of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) synthesis. PtdSer decarboxylation for PtdEtn formation occurs in the mitochondria. In addition, the transport of PtdSer from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria is probably a rate limiting step for PtdEtn synthesis through the decarboxylation pathway. Therefore, the regulation of PtdSer synthesis and its intracellular transport appear to be essential events for the maintenance of normal cellular PtdSer and PtdEtn levels. Here we describe the current understanding of the regulation of PtdSer biosynthesis and the transport of PtdSer from the ER to the mitochondria in mammalian cells.
Kuge
Osamu
O
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640. kuge@nih.go.jp
Nishijima
Masahiro
M
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003653:Decarboxylation; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D019884:Nitrogenous Group Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D019884:Nitrogenous Group Transferases; C111493:Ptdss2 protein, mouse; C022370:phospholipid serine base exchange enzyme