title: Rapid increase in the use of oral antidiabetic drugs in the United States, 1990-2001.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of oral antidiabetic drugs for management of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. from 1990 through 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on oral antidiabetic drugs were derived from two pharmaceutical marketing databases from IMS Health, the National Prescription Audit Plus and the National Disease and Therapeutic Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1990, 23.4 million outpatient prescriptions of oral antidiabetic agents were dispensed. By 2001, this number had increased 3.9-fold, to 91.8 million prescriptions. Glipizide and glyburide, two sulfonylurea medications, accounted for approximately 77% of prescriptions of oral antidiabetic drugs in 1990 and 35.5% of prescriptions in 2001. By 2001, the biguanide metformin (approved in 1995) had captured approximately 33% of prescriptions, and the thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizers (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone marketed beginning in 1999) accounted for approximately 17% of market share. Compared with patients treated in 1990, those in 2001 were proportionately younger and they more often used oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin in combination. Internists and general and family practitioners were the primary prescribers of this class of drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with the reported increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the number of dispensed outpatient prescriptions of oral antidiabetic drugs increased rapidly between 1990 and 2001. This period was marked by an increase in the treatment of younger people and the use of oral antidiabetic drugs in combination. With the approval in the last decade of several new types of oral antidiabetic medications with different mechanisms of action, options for management of type 2 diabetes have expanded.
authors.affiliation: Office of Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. wysowski@cder.fda.gov
authors.forename: Diane K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wysowski
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Governale
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds