title: 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galectin-9 is involved in chemotaxis and adhesion of eosinophils, and is induced in vascular endothelial cells by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), and known to modulate the expression of various genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have studied the effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on the IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15d-PGJ(2) inhibited the IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner, and also inhibited the adhesion of EoL-1 cells to an HUVEC monolayer treated with IFN-gamma. 15d-PGJ(2) partially inhibited IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation of STAT-1 in HUVEC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  15d-PGJ(2) may regulate inflammatory reactions through the inhibition of galectin-9 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. timaizum@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tadaatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Mitsuomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirashima
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: Wakako
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tamo
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D037161:Galectins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D037161:Galectins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; C105032:LGALS9 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D015230:Prostaglandin D2