title: The Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale: a simple instrument to measure the diversity of symptoms present in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and validation of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH) scale, designed to assess positive, negative, depressive and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CGI-SCH scale was adapted from the CGI scale. Concurrent validity and sensitivity to change were assessed by comparison with the Positive and Negative Symptom Severity (PANSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scales. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, all patients were assessed by two clinicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms were assessed in 114 patients. Correlation coefficients between the CGI-SCH and the GAF and PANSS scores were high (most above 0.75), and were highest for positive and negative symptoms. Reliability was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.70) in all but one dimension (depressive dimension, ICC = 0.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CGI-SCH scale is a valid, reliable instrument to evaluate severity and treatment response in schizophrenia. Given its simplicity, brevity and clinical face validity, the scale is appropriate for use in observational studies and routine clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, Sant Joan de Déu-SSM, Sant Boi, Barcelona, Spain. 27652jha@comb.es
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Novick
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rele
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fargas
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rele
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kharbeng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Araya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gervin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mavreas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lavrentzou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liontos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gregor
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015588:Observer Variation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome