title: Pure-tone birdsong by resonance filtering of harmonic overtones.
abstract: Pure-tone song is a common and widespread phenomenon in birds. The mechanistic origin of this type of phonation has been the subject of long-standing discussion. Currently, there are three hypotheses. (i) A vibrating valve in the avian vocal organ, the syrinx, generates a multifrequency harmonic source sound, which is filtered to a pure tone by a vocal tract filter ("source-filter" model, analogous to human speech production). (ii) Vocal tract resonances couple with a vibrating valve source, suppressing the normal production of harmonic overtones at this source ("soprano" model, analogous to human soprano singing). (iii) Pure-tone sound is produced as such by a sound-generating mechanism that is fundamentally different from a vibrating valve. Here we present direct evidence of a source-filter mechanism in the production of pure-tone birdsong. Using tracheal thermistors and air sac pressure cannulae, we recorded sound signals close to the syringeal sound source during spontaneous, pure-tone vocalizations of two species of turtledove. The results show that pure-tone dove vocalizations originate through filtering of a multifrequency harmonic sound source.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Biology, Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. gabecker@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Gabriël J L
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: Roderick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Suthers
authors.forename: Carel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: ten Cate
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D020308:Songbirds / Q000502:physiology*; D014159:Transducers; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology*