title: Local recurrence in patients with large and locally advanced breast cancer treated with primary chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary chemotherapy is being given in the treatment of large and locally advanced breast cancers, but a major concern is local relapse after therapy. This paper has examined patients treated with primary chemotherapy and surgery (either breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy) and has examined the role of factors which may indicate those patients who are subsequently more likely to experience local recurrence of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 173 women, with data available for 166 of these, presenting with large and locally advanced breast cancer (T2>/=4 cm, T3, T4, or N2) were treated with primary chemotherapy comprising cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisolone and then surgery (either conservation or mastectomy with axillary surgery) followed by radiotherapy were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical response rate of these patients was 75% (21% complete and 54% partial), with a complete pathological response rate of 15%. A total of 10 patients (6%) experienced local disease relapse, and the median time to relapse was 14 months (ranging from 3 to 40). The median survival in this group was 27 months (ranging from 13 to 78). In patients having breast conservation surgery, local recurrence occurred in 2%, and in those undergoing mastectomy 7% experience local relapse of disease. Factors predicting patients most likely to experience local recurrence were poor clinical response and residual axillary nodal disease after chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excellent local control of disease can be achieved in patients with large and locally advanced breast cancers using a combination of primary chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. However, the presence of residual tumor in the axillary lymph nodes after chemotherapy is a predictor of local recurrence and patients with a better clinical response were also less likely to experience local disease recurrence. The size and degree of pathological response did not predict patients most likely to experience recurrence of disease.
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Breast Unit, Ward 34, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZN, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Keith N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Ogston
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Tarun K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hutcheon
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Heys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011239:Prednisolone