title: A pilot neuropsychological study of Kraepelinian and non-Kraepelinian schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is the first study to report a direct comparison of neuropsychological performance in Kraepelinian vs. non-Kraepelinian schizophrenia (SZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  17 Kraepelinian and 19 non-Kraepelinian subjects were assessed on a neuropsychological battery including the Purdue Pegboard, Schwartz' Reaction Time task, the Modified Card Sorting Test, the Wechsler's Associate Learning Test and the Digit Span.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kraepelinian schizophrenia was characterized by more impaired performance on the Purdue Pegboard and the Card Sorting test. These differences remained significant when introducing, as covariates, the type of neuroleptic used, the use of anticholinergic medication, age and gender. Differences on the Reaction Time, the Associate Learning and the Digit Span tasks did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Kraepelinian schizophrenia is characterized by impaired performance on fine motor dexterity and executive functioning. These results further add to the evidence for the validity of the distinction between Kraepelinian and non-Kraepelinian schizophrenia as a strategy to better understand the factors influencing severity and/or outcome in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, 2601 de la Canardière, Beauport, P Québec, Canada G1J 2G3. marc-andre.roy@crulrg.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Marc-André
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehoux
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emond
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laplante
authors.forename: Roch-Hugo
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mérette
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maziade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010343:Patient Admission; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome