title: Cultured gallbladder epithelial cells synthesize apolipoproteins A-I and E.
abstract: Gallbladder epithelial cells (GBEC) are exposed to high and fluctuating concentrations of biliary cholesterol on their apical (AP) surface. GBEC absorb and efflux cholesterol, but the mechanisms of cholesterol uptake, intracellular trafficking, and efflux in these cells are not known. We previously reported that ATP binding cassette (ABC)A1 mediates basolateral (BL) cholesterol efflux in cultured polarized GBEC. In addition, the nuclear hormone receptors liver X receptor (LXR)alpha and retinoid X receptor (RXR) mediate both AP and BL cholesterol efflux. An interesting finding from our previous study was that apolipoprotein (apo)A-I applied to the AP surfaces of cells elicited BL ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Because ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux requires the presence of a cholesterol acceptor, we hypothesized that GBEC synthesize and secrete endogenous apo into the BL compartment. Here, we demonstrate that cholesterol loading of cells with model bile and AP apoA-I treatment is associated with an increase in the synthesis of apoE mRNA and protein. Furthermore, apoE is secreted into the BL compartment. LXRalpha/RXR ligands stimulate the synthesis of endogenous apoA-I mRNA and protein, as well as apoE mRNA. BL secretion of apoA-I is elicited by LXRalpha/RXR ligands. Therefore, GBEC synthesize apoA-I and -E and efflux cholesterol using ABCA1- and non-ABCA1- mediated pathways. These processes may alter gallbladder biliary cholesterol concentrations and thereby influence gallstone formation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Aimee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tauscher
authors.forename: Dong Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Oram
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuver
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004951:Esterification; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009154:Mutation; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002784:Cholesterol