title: Characterization of copper in uterine fluids of patients who use the copper T-380A intrauterine device.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The copper intrauterine device (IUD) is a highly effective method of contraception that requires the dissolution of the copper into uterine cavity. However, there is little information about the amount and form of copper in the fluid and whether the presence of this element produces any change in the protein concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven women were divided into three groups that had used IUD for about 6 months, 1 year and > or =3 years. The samples were collected during the proliferative phase (Pp), secretory phase (Sp) and menstruation (M). Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were used in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total copper concentrations were between 3.9 and 19.1 micro g/ml. The mean and standard deviations were as follows: 6 months, 11.4+/-4.7 micro g/ml of copper; 1 year, 11.5+/-7.0 micro g/ml of copper; and 3 years, 6.2+/-1.5 micro g/ml of copper. Total proteins were quantified by measuring the area under the chromatographic peaks. The mean areas obtained with uterine fluid samples from women who used IUDs for 6 months, 1 year and 3 years were 290,013, 538,934 and 201,863 arbitrary units (AU), respectively. The control sample was only 22323.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of copper released from IUD, although high, is in the form of complexes with proteins. IUDs have a constant copper release for at least 6-12 months. Copper(I) was not detected in the fluid. Copper induces a change in the total protein concentration. The amount of copper released and the amount of proteins is slightly larger during the menstrual stage.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. darancim@puc.cl
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arancibia
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: Herbert E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lagos
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007477:Ions / Q000032:analysis; D008183:Luteal Phase; D008598:Menstruation; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013997:Time Factors; D014599:Uterus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D011506:Proteins; D003300:Copper