title: Elevation of blood thioredoxin in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thioredoxin (TRX) is a stress-inducible thiol-containing protein, which has been shown to be an indicator of oxidative stress in a variety of diseases. The association between oxidative stress and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, however, remains unknown in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured serum TRX levels in 85 hemodialysis patients positive for anti-HCV antibodies (age, 60 +/- 1 years old; hemodialysis duration, 17 +/- 1 years; M/F = 57/28) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and examined whether blood TRX may be associated with HCV-related hepatic injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum TRX was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients with HCV infection (112.3 +/- 3.7 ng/mL, N = 85) than in those without HCV infection (69.7 +/- 3.3 ng/mL, N = 59) (age, 69 +/- 2 years old; hemodialysis duration, 6 +/- 1 years; M/F = 32/27, P < 0.01) or normal subjects (28.0 +/- 5.4 ng/mL, N = 9). TRX was significantly correlated with time on hemodialysis (r = 0.27, P = 0.01) in HCV-positive patients, while it was associated with the patient's age in HCV-negative patients (r = 0.42, P < 0.01). Blood TRX was significantly correlated with asparate aminotransferase in patients with HCV infection (r = 0.34, P < 0.01) and without HCV infection (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). However, serum TRX was not associated with blood alanine aminotransferase, a relatively specific marker of hepatic cellular damage, in HCV-infected hemodialysis patients. A significant relationship was found between serum ferritin and TRX (r = 0.25, P = 0.02) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values (r = 0.25, P = 002) in HCV-positive patients. Serum TRX was also higher in the patients receiving weekly iron supplement with HCV infection (135.3 +/- 10.2 ng/mL vs. 110.2 +/- 3.9 ng/mL, P = 0.06) and without HCV infection (91.8 +/- 12.1 ng/mL vs. 65.2 +/- 2.7 ng/mL, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a greater increase in serum TRX in hemodialysis patients with HCV viremia than without HCV viremia. However, there may not be an association between serum TRX and HCV-related hepatic injury. TRX increased with serum ferritin in HCV-infected patients and further increased by iron infusion. These findings indicate that HCV infection and iron loading may aggravate oxidative stress in dialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. a.kato@scchr.jp
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odamaki
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yodoi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hishida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000097:blood*; D014766:Viremia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013879:Thioredoxins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron