title: Vitamin A supplementation on child morbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of vitamin A supplementation on child morbidity and nutritional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community based follow-up (interventional) in nature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two randomly selected Weredas (districts) of Tigray, North Ethiopia were studied between 1996 and 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four thousand seven hundred and seventy children aged between six and 72 months, selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure were enrolled and clinically assessed for xerophthalmia and nutritional status. A sub-sample of these children (n = 281) was further assessed for their serum retinol levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pre and post intervention data on xerophthalmia, morbidity, nutritional status and serum retinol levels were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin A capsule coverage of 87% in all the villages of the Weredas and a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the prevalence of Bitot's spot (from 1.5 to 0.5), fever (from 29.8 to 14.2), diarrhoea (from 30.2 to 18.2), oedema (from 9.2 to 3.2), measles (from 14.0 to 6.2), conjunctivitis (from 10.2 to 3.0), stunted (from 64.2 to 42.7), wasted (from 12.8 to 2.5) and underweight (from 46.2 to 24.2). The proportion of children with normal serum retinol concentration (> 0.7 micromole/L) has also improved significantly (from 36.8 to 56.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the significant improvement in morbidity and nutritional status that followed the intervention programme although encouraging, it still indicates the importance of coupling periodic provision of Vitamin A capsules with nutrition education.
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haidar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsegaye
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Mariam
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Tibeb
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Muroki
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A