title: Apple pectin and a polyphenol-rich apple concentrate are more effective together than separately on cecal fermentations and plasma lipids in rats.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of apple components on cecal fermentations and lipid metabolism, rats were fed diets containing 5 g/100 g apple pectin (PEC), 10 g/100 g high polyphenol freeze-dried apple (PL) or both (PEC + PL). The cecal pH was slightly acidic (6.49) only in rats fed the PEC + PL diet (controls, 7.02). The cecal short-chain fatty acid pool was enlarged by all the apple fractions, with a peak of 560 micromol in rats fed the PEC + PL diet compared with 189 micromol in controls. Butyrate concentrations were 2-fold greater in rats fed the PL diet than in controls. Substantial concentrations of galacturonate and succinate (approximately 40 mmol/L) were found in the cecum of rats fed the PEC diet and, to a lesser extent, the PEC + PL diet. The PEC + PL diet significantly lowered plasma cholesterol, whereas both the PL and PEC + PL diets lowered plasma triglycerides. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were lower in rats fed the PEC and PEC + PL diets. Fecal bile acid excretion was markedly reduced, whereas sterol excretion was significantly increased by dietary PEC. Rats fed the PEC and PEC + PL diets also had lower apparent cholesterol absorption than controls (30 compared with 43%). In conclusion, apple pectin and the polyphenol-rich fraction were more effective when fed combined together than when fed separately on large intestine fermentations and lipid metabolism, suggesting interactions between fibers and polyphenols of apple.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122 St-Genes-Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aprikian
authors.forename: Virgile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duclos
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guyot
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Besson
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manach
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernalier
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rémésy
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demigné
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005419:Flavonoids; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010368:Pectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols; D010368:Pectins