title: Adverse renal effects of anti-inflammatory agents: evaluation of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
abstract: Conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), i.e. nonselective cyclooxygenase COX inhibitors have well-documented nephrotoxicity. Adverse renal effects occur because of inhibition of the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins which act to modulate pathologic processes that would normally impair various renal functions. The introduction of the selective COX-2 inhibitors raised hope that this class of drugs would reduce injury in both the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys. Animal and human data, however, suggest that COX-2 synthesized prostaglandins are important in the modulation of renal physiology during adverse conditions. Hence, it appears that these drugs are equal in causing nephrotoxicity as the nonselective COX inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Padua, Italy. giga@unipd.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambaro
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perazella
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000075202:Contraindications; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000378:metabolism; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D015289:Leukotrienes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases