title: Neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid, and memory in aging and mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large numbers of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid plaques are diagnostic markers for Alzheimer disease (AD), but lesser numbers of these lesions are also seen in nondemented elderly individuals. Much of the existing literature suggests that the NFTs of AD have a closer correlation with cognitive function than do amyloid plaques. Whether a similar relationship exists in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a condition that frequently reflects a preclinical stage of AD, remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the distribution patterns of beta-amyloid plaques and NFTs and the association of these lesions with memory performance in nondemented individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated regional distributions and neuropsychological correlates of NFTs and amyloid plaques in cognitively normal elderly persons and subjects with MCI who received neuropsychological testing before death. Subjects Eight nondemented subjects who volunteered to receive annual neuropsychological testing and agreed to brain donation were studied. Five subjects showed no cognitive impairment, and 3 were diagnosed with MCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distribution of NFTs followed a rigorous and hierarchical pattern, but distribution of amyloid plaques varied among individuals. Subjects with MCI displayed higher NFT densities than did nonimpaired subjects. In addition, NFT density in the temporal lobe correlated with memory scores, whereas density of amyloid plaques did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurofibrillary tangles are more numerous in medial temporal lobe regions associated with memory function and show a relationship to performance on memory tests in nondemented individuals. These results suggest that NFTs may constitute a pathological substrate for memory loss not only in AD but also in normal aging and MCI.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. lgd450@nwu.edu
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guillozet
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Deborah C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mash
authors.forename: M Marsel
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mesulam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D016874:Neurofibrillary Tangles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides