title: Inertial cavitation dose and hemolysis produced in vitro with or without Optison.
abstract: Gas-based contrast agents (CAs) increase ultrasound (US)-induced bioeffects, presumably via an inertial cavitation (IC) mechanism. The relationship between IC dose (ICD) (cumulated root mean squared [RMS] broadband noise amplitude; frequency domain) and 1.1-MHz US-induced hemolysis in whole human blood was explored with Optison; the hypothesis was that hemolysis would correlate with ICD. Four experimental series were conducted, with variable: 1. peak negative acoustic pressure (P-), 2. Optison concentration, 3. pulse duration and 4. total exposure duration and Optison concentration. P- thresholds for hemolysis and ICD were approximately 0.5 MPa. ICD and hemolysis were detected at Optison concentrations >/= 0.01 V%, and with pulse durations as low as four or two cycles, respectively. Hemolysis and ICD evolved as functions of time and Optison concentration; final hemolysis and ICD values depended on initial Optison concentration, but initial rates of change did not. Within series, hemolysis was significantly correlated with ICD; across series, the correlation was significant at p < 0.001.
authors.affiliation: Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Shiang
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Brayman
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Matula
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Crum
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D011312:Pressure; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D003287:Contrast Media; C099458:FS 069; D005466:Fluorocarbons