title: Relationship between meiotic spindle location with regard to the polar body position and oocyte developmental potential after ICSI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent development of a computer-assisted polarization microscopy system (Polscope) with which the meiotic spindle can be visualized in living oocytes on the basis of its birefringence permits analysis of the meiotic spindles of oocytes subjected to ICSI. Previous studies have shown that the meiotic spindle is not always aligned with the first polar body (PB) in metaphase II human oocytes prepared for ICSI. In the present study, the relationship between the degree of meiotic spindle deviation from the first PB location and ICSI outcome was analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oocytes were divided into four groups according to the angle of meiotic spindle deviation from the PB position. The angle of deviation was 0-5 degrees, 6-45 degrees, 46-90 degrees and >90 degrees for groups I to IV respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of normal [2 pronuclei (PN)] and abnormal (1PN or >2PN) fertilization did not differ between groups I, II and III. However, the rate of normal fertilization was lower among oocytes in which the meiotic spindle deviation angle was >90 degrees; this led to an increased proportion of tripronucleated zygotes that failed to extrude the second PB. When embryos developed from normally fertilized oocytes were evaluated on day 3 after ICSI, no relationship was found between the angle of meiotic spindle deviation and embryo quality. The meiotic spindle was not detected in only 9% of oocytes, and these showed a higher incidence of fertilization and cleavage abnormalities than did oocytes in which the spindle was detected. When oocytes at metaphase I after cumulus oophorus and corona radiata removal were matured in vitro, the meiotic spindle was detected in 53.8% of those that reached metaphase II. In these in-vitro-matured oocytes the meiotic spindle was always aligned with the first PB, suggesting that misalignment seen in those oocytes matured in vivo resulted from PB displacement during manipulations for cumulus and corona removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High degrees of misalignment between the meiotic spindle and the first PB predict an increased risk of fertilization abnormalities. However, when normal fertilization had occurred, the cleavage potential of embryos developing from such oocytes was not impaired. These findings facilitate the selection of oocytes for ICSI in situations when the creation of supernumerary embryos is to be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Rome, Italy. rienzi.laura@libero.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rienzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ubaldi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iacobelli
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Minasi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tesarik
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greco
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008540:Meiosis; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D009865:Oocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic