title: Rabies virus matrix protein regulates the balance of virus transcription and replication.
abstract: RNA synthesis by negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) involves transcription of subgenomic mRNAs and replication of ribonucleoprotein complexes. In this study, the envelope matrix (M) protein of rabies virus (RV) was identified as a factor which inhibits transcription and stimulates replication. Transcription, but not replication, of RV minigenomes or of full-length RV was decreased by expression of heterologous M. Since RV assembly involving M and the glycoprotein G renders virus synthetically quiescent, an RV was generated with the M and G genes substituted by placeholders. Surprisingly, RNA synthesis by this recombinant was characterized not only by an increased transcription rate but also by a diminished accumulation of replication products. This phenotype was reversed in a dose-dependent manner by providing M in trans, showing that M is a replication-stimulatory factor. The role of M in determining the balance of replication and transcription was further exploited by generation of a recombinant RV with attenuated M expression, which is highly active in transcription. Regulation of RNA synthesis by matrix proteins may represent a general mechanism of nonsegmented NSVs, which is probably obscured by the silencing activity of M during virus assembly.
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Feodor Lynen Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Finke
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Feodor Lynen Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mueller-Waldeck
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Feodor Lynen Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Klaus
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Conzelmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D015870:Gene Expression; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016679:Genome, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins