title: Neuroendocrine-immune surveillance of osteosarcoma: emerging hypothesis.
abstract: Osteosarcoma is a bone-forming cancer predominantly found in children and adolescents more often than in adults. Osteosarcoma of the gnathic apparatus is relatively rare in the young population, and this condition becomes a concern of clinical dentists for predominantly the middle-aged and aging patient groups. Osteosarcomas are invaded by lymphocytes, which exhibit signs of activation. The immune processes that are engaged within the malignant bone matrix involve the production of cytokines, which regulate the process of apoptotic programmed cell death. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells is modulated by the neuroendocrine-immune system, and potential physiological implications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, School of Dentistry, and Dental Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prolo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiappelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibarra
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dovio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angeli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines