title: Cephalometric soft tissue profile analysis between two different ethnic groups: a comparative study.
abstract: The aim of this investigation was to study and compare the cephalometric soft tissue profile analysis between Saudis and Caucasian Americans. The study was carried out using standardized cephalometric radiographs of 56 Saudi subjects (30 males and 26 females) with pleasant and balanced facial profiles, competent lips, normal overjet and overbite, and showing no craniofacial deformities. Subject ages ranged from 22 to 23 years. One skeletal and thirteen soft tissue variables were investigated. F-test, two samples t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis. The results showed no statistical significant differences between the Saudi males and females except for the angle of total facial convexity, soft tissue facial plane angle, lower lip length, sagittal nasal tip to the most protrusive lip distance, and also sagittal chin to the most protrusive lip distance. The Saudi females had a greater angle of total facial convexity and soft tissue facial plane angle than the males. In addition, the females had a shorter lower lip. They also had a short distance between the nasal tip and chin to the most protrusive lip. These results reveal significant differences in most of the soft tissue variables when comparing Saudis with Caucasian Americans as well as in other ethnic groups. Most of these variables are essential for the diagnosis and treatment planning of cases requiring orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences of the College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. haider@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Hayder Abdallah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.forename: Sahar F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: AlBarakati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018912:Arabs; D002508:Cephalometry; D003768:Dental Occlusion, Centric; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000208:ethnology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D044465:White People