title: Steroid withdrawal after pediatric liver transplantation: a long-term follow-up study in 109 recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Steroids remain an important component of maintenance immunosuppression in liver transplantation, but when administered for a long period they may be associated with multiple severe side effects, particularly growth suppression in children. This study was conducted to clarify the balance of potential benefits and risks of steroid withdrawal (SW) in pediatric liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1984 and July 2000, 109 pediatric recipients with SW and at least 12 months of follow-up after SW were retrospectively reviewed and divided into three groups according to the type of anticalcineurin at SW: group I (cyclosporine, n=25), group II (cyclosporine microemulsion, n=25), and group III (tacrolimus, n=59). Steroids were withdrawn after a three-step reduction of steroid dosage (taper down to the substitution dose of 0.25 mg/kg/day, switch to alternate-day therapy, progressive SW). Patients were regularly followed up for clinical and biochemical monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 8.1 (range, 1.6-16.8) years. After SW, neither chronic rejection nor graft nor patient loss occurred. A trend toward lower anticalcineurin trough levels was observed in all groups. Glomerular filtration rate and fasting cholesterol were significantly better in group III (P<0.05). Median height z-score in all patients was -1.1 SD on alternate-day steroids versus -0.2 SD at the time of SW. Height z-score was slightly better in group III (NS). Early SW within 2 years after transplantation allowed a slightly better gain in growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SW in pediatric liver transplantation is safe and may be beneficial to height outcome. Tacrolimus seems to offer several advantages in the long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Liver Transplant Program, Saint-Luc University Clinics, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hanh Vo Thi
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Diem
authors.forename: Etienne Marc
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sokal
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Jean-Bernard
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Otte
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013256:Steroids; D016572:Cyclosporine