title: Genetic polymorphisms of tobacco- and alcohol-related metabolizing enzymes and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The effect of genetic polymorphisms for glutathione S-transferase ( GST) M1, GSTT1, GSTP1-1( GSTP1), cytochrome P450 2E1 ( CYP2E1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2) on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was observed in 78 Japanese patients with HCC and 138 non-cancer hospital controls. We found a positive association between cumulative amounts of alcohol consumption (>/=600,000 ml in a lifetime) and the risk of HCC (OR=4.52, 95% CI 2.39-8.55). However, cigarette smoking was not significantly related to the risk of HCC (OR=1.23, 95% CI 0.57-2.68). The allelic frequencies of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP2E1and ALDH2of HCC patients were not significantly different from those of controls when odds ratios were only adjusted for age and gender except for any 2 alleles of ALDH2in drinkers (OR=2.53, 95% CI 1.21-5.31). However, the frequency of any C2 alleles of CYP2E1and any 2 alleles of ALDH2were significantly higher than those of controls (OR=5.77, 95% CI 1.24-27.39, OR=9.77, 95% CI 1.63-58.60) when covariates including viremia were selected by using stepwise logistic regression analysis. We conclude that habitual alcohol drinking is likely to lead to an increased risk of HCC, and any C2alleles of CYP2E1as well as any two alleles of ALDH2were also associated with an increased risk of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Nissan Motor Health Insurance Society, Nissan Motor Car Co. Ltd., Kyushu Plant, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munaka
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohshi
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasawa
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D005982:Glutathione Transferase