title: Magnetic resonance imaging of targeted catheter-based implantation of myogenic precursor cells into infarcted left ventricular myocardium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to test the hypothesis that myocardial implantation of myogenic precursor cells (MPC) loaded with iron oxide can be reliably detected in vivo by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In vivo imaging of targeted catheter-based implantation of MPC into infarcted left ventricular (LV) myocardium is unavailable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in seven farm pigs (four with anterior myocardial infarction), in which autologous MPC were injected through a percutaneous catheter allowing for LV electromechanical mapping and guided micro-injections into normal and infarcted myocardium. Cardiac MRI was used to detect implanted MPC previously loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magnetic resonance imaging data were compared with LV electromechanical mapping and cross-registered pathology. All 9 injections into normal and 12 injections into locally damaged myocardium were detected on T2-weighted spin echo and inversion-recovery true-fisp MRI (low signal areas) with good anatomical concordance with sites of implantation on electromechanical maps. All sites of injection were confirmed on pathology that showed in all infarct animals iron-loaded MPC at the center and periphery of the infarct as expected from MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted catheter-based implantation of iron-loaded MPC into locally infarcted LV myocardium is accurate and can be reliably demonstrated in vivo by cardiac MRI. The ability to identify noninvasively intramyocardial cell implantation may be determinant for future experimental studies designed to analyze subsequent effects of such therapy on detailed segmental LV function.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 400, Fédération de Cardiologie, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France. jgarot@free.fr
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garot
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Unterseeh
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teiger
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chazaud
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gherardi
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hittinger
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guéret
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmouni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D007501:Iron; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008845:Microinjections; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010087:Oxides; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013552:Swine; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide