title: Expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 (SDF-1) in human prostate cancers (PCa) in vivo.
abstract: Human prostate cancers (PCa) express great variability in their ability to metastasize to bone. The identification of molecules associated with aggressive phenotypes will help to define PCa subsets and will ultimately lead to better treatment strategies. The chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 are now known to modulate the migration and survival of an increasing array of normal and malignant cell types including breast, pancreatic cancers, glioblastomas, and others. The present investigation extends our previous investigations by determining the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in humans using high-density tissue microarrays constructed from clinical samples obtained from a cohort of over 600 patients. These data demonstrate that CXCR4 protein expression is significantly elevated in localized and metastastic cancers. At the RNA level, human PCa tumors also express CXCR4 and message, but overall, they were not significantly different suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of the receptor plays a major role in regulating protein expression. Similar observations were made for CXCL12 message, but in this case more CXCL12 message was expressed by metastastic lesions as compared to normal tissues. PCa cell lines also express CXCL12 mRNA, and regulate mRNA expression in response to CXCL12 and secrete biologically active protein. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody to CXCL12 decreased the proliferation of bone homing LNCaP C4-2B and PC3 metastastic tumor cells. These investigations provide important new information pertaining to the molecular basis of how tumors may 'home' to bone, and the mechanisms that may account for their growth in selected end organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Prevention, Geriatrics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: Yan-Xi
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jingcheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Shelburne
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lopatin
authors.forename: Arul M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chinnaiyan
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pienta
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taichman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4