title: [Relationship of the hair content of rare earth elements in young children aged 0 to 3 years to that in their mothers living in a rare earth mining area of Jiangxi].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship of hair content of rare earth elements (REEs) in the young children aged 0 - 3 years to that in their mothers living in a rare earth mining area of Jiangxi Province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Content of five kinds of REEs, i.e., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm) were determined for the hair-root samples collected from 71 young children and 62 of their mothers by inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hair content of REEs (e.g., La) was the highest (2,202.90 ng/g) in the young children living in the place nearest to the REE mining area, next (471.72 ng/g) was in those nearer to the REE mining area, and the lowest (97.37 ng/g) was in those in the control area. And, the hair content of REEs in the mothers was the same as that in their children, i.e, the mean content of La was the highest (1,510.21 ng/g) in high-exposure area, next (241.63 ng/g) was that in the low-exposure area, and the lowest (59.15 ng/g) was that in the control area, with P < 0.001. Pair-comparison analysis for the means showed that the average hair level of five kinds of REEs in the young children was two times high as their mothers' (P < 0.001). For example, the hair level of La was 533.83 ng/g in the young children and 279.78 ng/g in their mothers, respectively. Simple linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the hair levels of each kind of REEs in the young children and those in their mothers, with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.75, e.g., that of La was 0.878 (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hair level of REEs can be used as a bio-marker to reflect body's level of exposure to REEs. The hair level of REEs in young children and their mothers decreased with the increase of the distance from their home to rare earth mining area. Young children living in the area with REEs mining may be the high-exposure population, and their hair level of REEs was significantly higher than that in their mothers and more attention should be paid to them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Rui-ling
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Xiao-chuan
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000032:analysis*; D008906:Mining; D009035:Mothers
chemical_list: D008674:Metals, Rare Earth