title: Neuroendocrine changes in patients with acute space occupying ischaemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate neuroendocrine changes in critical care patients with acute space occupying hemispheric stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 patients with acute space occupying hemispheric stroke were studied (mean age 57.7 years; five women, 17 men). Plasma levels of prolactin, thyrotropin (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), and total triiodothyronine (T3) were measured on admission and thereafter on days 3, 5, 7, and 9. Cortisol and ACTH levels were analysed at 8.00, 16.00, and 24.00 hours each day. A TRH stimulation test with measurements of TSH and prolactin was done on day 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients underwent decompressive craniectomy and nine were treated with moderate hypothermia. All patients received vasopressor drugs because of arterial hypotension. Plasma ACTH and cortisol values were abnormally low despite systemic hypotension and acute systemic illness, and remained low throughout the observation period. The diurnal rhythm of cortisol was not preserved. Prolactin levels increased during the observation period, and were well above normal on day 9. Thyroid function was slightly suppressed until day 7. TRH stimulation of plasma TSH and prolactin was low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with an acute space occupying cerebral infarct show profound neuroendocrine changes. The central regulation of adrenal and thyroid function and prolactin release is impaired, which may compromise the clinical course of affected patients and have implications for therapeutic management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. s.schwarz@neuro.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klinga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maser-Gluth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bettendorf
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine