title: Smooth muscle antibodies and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) characterize type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Our aim was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of different immunofluorescence substrates for the detection of SMA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from 55 patients with type 1 AIH 20 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 20 with HCV-related chronic hepatitis and 25 blood donors were studied for SMA and anti-microfilaments reactivity by immunofluorescence on rat tissue sections, cultured fibroblasts and commercially available HEp-2 cells (collectively revealing the so called anti-actin pattern), and for the XR1 system by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. SMA was classified on the basis of its immunofluorescence pattern (V--vessels, G--glomerular, T--tubular). As further control group, we studied 26 patients with a diagnosis other than AIH, selected on the basis of a SMA-non-T/XR1 positivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with AIH the SMA-T pattern on rodent tissue, and anti-MF on fibroblasts and on HEp-2 cells were present in 80, 82 and 80%, respectively. Five out of 11 SMA-non T positive AIH patients were anti-MF positive. None of the pathological and healthy controls was positive for SMA-T or anti-MF reactivity. XR1 system was present in 84% of AIH patients and in 5% of pathological controls (p = 0.01). Two out of 26 SMA-non-T/XR1 positive sera were positive for anti-MF by fibroblasts and HEp-2 cells. A significant correlation was found between SMA-T pattern and anti-MF reactivity; no correlation was found between XR1 system and SMA-T pattern or anti-MF reactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SMA-T pattern is highly sensitive and specific first diagnostic test for type 1 AIH; anti-MF can be used as additional tool for the diagnosis, particularly when, despite the absence of the SMA-T pattern, AIH is strongly suspected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, Hepatology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agostinelli
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granito
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cassani
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Terlizzi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: Francesco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000276:immunology*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies