title: [Flat-panel detectors in X-ray systems].
abstract: For all application segments X-ray systems with flat-panel detectors increasingly enter the market. In digital radiography,mammography and cardiologic angiography flat-panel detectors are already well established while they are made ready for market introduction in general angiography and fluoroscopy. Two flat-panel detector technologies are available. One technology is based on an indirect conversion process of X-rays while the other one uses a direct conversion method. For radiography and dynamic applications the indirect method provides substantial advantages, while the direct method has some benefits for mammography. In radiography and mammography flat-panel detectors lead to clear improvements with respect to workflow, image quality and dose reduction potentials. These improvements are fostered by the immediate availability of the image, the large dynamic range and the high sensitivity to X-rays. New applications and the use of complex image processing algorithms have the potential to enlarge the present diagnostic range of applications. Up to now, image intensifiers are still the well-established technology for angiography and fluoroscopy. Nevertheless flat-panel detectors begin to enter this field, especially in cardiologic angiography. Characteristics of flat-panel detectors such as the availability of distortion-free images, the excellent contrast resolution, the large dynamic range, the high sensitivity to X-rays and the usability in magnetic fields provide the basis for improved and new diagnostic and interventional methods.
authors.affiliation: Angiographie-, Durchleuchtungs- und Aufnahmesysteme, Medical Solutions, Siemens AG, Forchheim. martin.spahn@siemens.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spahn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Heer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freytag
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation; D016477:Artifacts; D004867:Equipment Design; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D008327:Mammography / Q000295:instrumentation; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012825:Silicon; D013679:Technology, Radiologic / Q000295:instrumentation; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens
chemical_list: D012825:Silicon