title: Light and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of Glyde File Prep in smear layer removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of Glyde File Prep used in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite irrigation in the removal of smear layer produced during root canal instrumentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine extracted human teeth with single root canals were used. Access cavities were prepared and the teeth divided into three groups of 13 teeth each. Each group was treated by one of the three different regimes of irrigation and conditioning during root canal instrumentation. Group A: 0.5 mL of 1% NaOCl irrigation after each file size with an additional final irrigation of 10 mL 1% NaOCl; group B: 0.5 mL of 1% NaOCl irrigation after each file size with an additional final irrigation of 10 mL 17% EDTA; group C: Glyde File Prep coated on each instrumentation file used in conjunction with 0.5 mL 1% NaOCl irrigation after each file size and an additional final irrigation of 10 mL 1% NaOCl. The teeth were then longitudinally grooved and sectioned. Root canal cleanliness was evaluated with the aid of a Nikon light microscope (x40 and x100) and scanning electron microscope (x1000 and x3000). The debris scores obtained at three canal regions were compared statistically within the same group and among different groups using repeated measurements of analysis of variance (anova) with Bonferroni adjustments and anova with posthoc Tukey HSD, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The canals treated with EDTA and Glyde File Prep were significantly cleaner than those treated with NaOCl alone. The apical region of the root canals generally displayed more residual smear layer, but the difference was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Used in conjunction with NaOCl irrigation, Glyde File Prep was effective in removing smear layer produced during root canal instrumentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sae-Lim
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite