title: Expression of endothelins and their receptors in cells from human periodontal tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the presence of ET-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with periodontitis, and the expression of endothelins (ETs) and their receptors mRNA in cultured cells from human periodontal tissues.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ET was originally discovered as a potent vasoconstrictive peptide from endothelial cells. It has been reported that ETs are produced by various cells besides endothelial cells. ETs are related to inflammatory and sclerotic lesions, such as arteriolosclerosis and hepatic cirrhosis. Therefore, ETs may be involved in periodontal disease. However, the roles of ETs in development and progression of periodontal disease are not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  ET-1 released from the cultured cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expressions for ETs and their receptors were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ET-1 levels in GCF from patients with periodontitis were higher than those from healthy subjects. Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) expressed mRNA for ETs and their receptors, ET-Ar and ET-Br. ET-1 mRNA expression and ET-1 peptide production from HGK were enhanced by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that ET-1 plays a significant role in periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hiroshima University Faculty of Dentistry, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shindoh
authors.forename: Yuushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D019333:Endothelin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D016232:Endothelins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000032:analysis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D019333:Endothelin-2; D016232:Endothelins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha