title: Relation between serum 3-deoxyglucosone and development of diabetic microangiopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  3-Deoxyglucosone (3-DG), a highly reactive intermediate of the glycation reaction, has been suggested to contribute to the development of diabetes complications. To verify this hypothesis, we assessed the relation between serum 3-DG concentrations and the severity of diabetic microangiopathy in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a high-performance liquid chromatography assay to determine the serum 3-DG concentrations of 110 diabetic patients with different degrees of severity of diabetic microangiopathy and 57 age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fasting serum 3-DG level in diabetic patients was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than that in control subjects (353 +/- 110 vs. 199 +/- 53 nmol/l). The 3-DG levels were significantly (P < 0.001) elevated even in the diabetic patients showing normoalbuminuria (n = 62, 322 +/- 79 nmol/l) compared with control subjects. The 3-DG levels were further elevated in the patients with microalbuminuria (n = 30, 383 +/- 146 nmol/l) and overt proteinuria (n = 18, 410 +/- 100 nmol/l) (P = 0.027 and P < 0.001 vs. normoalbuminuria group, respectively). This phenomenon was basically reproduced in a category of retinopathy. Furthermore, the diabetic patients with low nerve conduction velocity showed a tendency to display higher 3-DG levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results show that the fasting serum 3-DG level is elevated in diabetic patients and that the patients with relatively higher 3-DG levels were prone to suffer from more severe complications, indicating a possible association of 3-DG with diabetic microangiopathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Bing-Fen
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uriuhara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasuga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; C016350:3-deoxyglucosone