title: Correlation between facial pain or headache and computed tomography in rhinosinusitis in Canadian and U.S. subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Objectives were 1) to determine whether a correlation exists between facial pain or headache and sinus disease severity by computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with rhinosinusitis and 2) to compare disease severity and pain perception in two geographically diverse North American patient populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective patient questionnaire before CT scan of the paranasal sinuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with refractory rhinosinusitis were recruited at the University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston, TX) and the University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada). Before CT scanning, patients completed a pain questionnaire. All scans were interpreted by one neuroradiologist and were scored using the Lund-McKay, Harvard, and Kennedy staging systems for rhinosinusitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients completed questionnaires (27 were Canadian). There was no correlation between pain severity and disease severity reflected by any of the three staging systems used (P >.05). The mean pain score for the U.S. patients was 7.3, and for Canadian patients, 5.2. The mean CT scores for U.S. versus Canadian patients were as follows: Lund-McKay, 2.6 versus 6.6; Harvard, 0.7 versus 1.0; and Kennedy, 1.4 versus 2.2. The Canadian patients had more severe disease on CT scan (Lund-McKay, P <or=.001; Harvard, P <or=.005; and Kennedy, P <or=.007) while reporting less severe pain (P <or=.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no correlation between pain severity and disease severity by sinus CT scan as graded by the Lund-McKay, Harvard, or Kennedy staging system. Facial pain and headache, although frequent complaints of patients with rhinosinusitis, are not useful predictors of sinus disease severity. There appears to be a difference in pain perception between the two North American populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550-0521, USA. goshield@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seikaly
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LeBoeuf
authors.forename: Faustino
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guinto
authors.forename: Herve
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: LeBoeuf
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Calhoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006261:Headache / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017288:Pain Threshold; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014481:United States