title: Human cytomegalovirus requires cellular deoxycytidylate deaminase for replication in quiescent cells.
abstract: We have previously observed that the expression of two thymidylate biosynthesis enzymes, dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase (TS), is upregulated in quiescent human fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we have demonstrated that HCMV increases expression of the cellular deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMP deaminase), which provides the substrate for TS by converting dCMP to dUMP. We observed an increase in dCMP deaminase protein levels, whereas deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase), another cellular enzyme that may provide dUMP by hydrolysing dUTP, was undetectable. The essential requirement of cellular dCMP deaminase for productive HCMV replication was further emphasized by showing that a precursor of a potent dCMP deaminase inhibitor, zebularine, suppressed virus replication and DNA synthesis. These results suggest that HCMV exploits the host's dCMP deaminase activity to replicate in quiescent cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gribaudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Ludovica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riera
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caposio
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maley
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Santo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landolfo
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003562:Cytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides; D003562:Cytidine; C009131:pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; C011530:deoxycytidine deaminase; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C020020:dUTP pyrophosphatase