title: The AGE inhibitor pyridoxamine inhibits lipemia and development of renal and vascular disease in Zucker obese rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies, pyridoxamine (PM) limited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and development of nephropathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats without affecting glycemic control. However, the lipid-lowering effects of PM and the correlation of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides with AGEs in skin collagen suggested that lipids might be an important source of AGEs in the diabetic rat. This study addresses the effects of hyperlipidemia on formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products (AGE/ALEs) and the effects of PM on hyperlipidemia, hypertension, AGE/ALE formation, and development of nephropathy in the nondiabetic, Zucker obese rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of Zucker rats were studied: lean (Fa/fa), untreated fatty (fa/fa), and fa/fa treated with PM (2 g/L drinking water). Blood pressure, plasma lipids and creatinine, and urinary albumin were measured monthly. AGE/ALEs were measured in skin collagen by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes in wall thickness of the aorta and renal arterioles were evaluated by light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AGE/ALEs formation was increased two- to threefold in skin collagen of obese versus lean rats. PM inhibited the increases in AGE/ALEs in collagen, and significantly decreased the rise in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, and creatinine, corrected hypertension and thickening of the vascular wall, and nearly normalized urinary protein and albumin excretion in Zucker fa/fa rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipids are an important source of chemical modification of tissue proteins, even in the absence of hyperglycemia. PM inhibited AGE/ALE formation and hyperlipidemia and protected against renal and vascular pathology in a nondiabetic model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Animal Resource Facility, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Alderson
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Chachich
authors.forename: Nancy N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nachtigal
authors.forename: Suzanne R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Baynes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D011733:Pyridoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D011733:Pyridoxamine; D003094:Collagen; D001120:Arginine; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine