title: Prothrombin G20210A mutation, but not factor V Leiden, is a risk factor in patients with persistent foramen ovale and otherwise unexplained cerebral ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paradoxical embolism via persistent foramen ovale (PFO) is suspected to be a frequent cause of stroke in younger patients. We investigated whether the prevalence of the risk factors for venous thrombosis factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A mutation (PT G20210A) is increased in this group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined FVL and PT G20210A mutation in 220 patients (group 1) with cerebral ischemia associated with a PFO and without other etiology, in 196 patients with cerebral ischemia of an etiology other than PFO (group 2), and in 362 healthy subjects (group 3) from the same region in Germany.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heterozygosity for the PT G20210A mutation was more common in group 1 (5.0%) than in group 3 (1.4%; sex- and age-adjusted odds ratio 3.66; 95% CI 1.25-10.75; p = 0.01). By contrast, the mutation was not more common in group 2 (2.6%; odds ratio 1.50; 95% CI 0.42-5.41; p = 0.5). Prevalences of FVL were not different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified PT G20210A but not FVL - the strongest genetic risk factor for deep venous thrombosis - to be significantly associated with stroke attributed to PFO. These findings rise doubts about the concept of paradoxical brain embolism as the dominating mechanism in stroke associated with PFO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. christoph_lichy@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lichy
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Reuner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buggle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Litfin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rickmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin