title: Renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) continues to present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The increased use of abdominal imaging studies does not appear to completely account for the rising incidence of RCC. Alcohol consumption has been found to be a possible protective factor among women in a recent study, but among women with children, RCC risk may increase with each child born when compared with nulliparous women. An alternative staging system shows promise, and two randomized clinical trials clarify the role of removing the primary tumor in the setting of metastatic RCC. New agents have shown promise in early clinical trials such as CCI-779, pegylated interferon, thalidomide, and anti-VEGF antibody.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305, USA.
authors.forename: Young E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Godley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D015994:Incidence; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013792:Thalidomide