title: Validation of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging criteria for multiple sclerosis and response to interferon beta1a.
abstract: In the recently proposed diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) by McDonald, the modified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Barkhof criteria have been incorporated. We examined the validity of this implementation in the Early Treatment of MS study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 22 microg interferon beta1a given subcutaneously once weekly in 309 patients with a first episode consistent with demyelinating disease (and abnormal MRI). Conversion to clinically definite MS (CDMS) within 2 years of follow-up, as evidenced by a new clinical episode, occurred in 41% of patients (independent of treatment) with gadolinium enhancement or nine or more T2 lesions versus 11% of those without either finding (p = 0.017); similarly, proportions converting were 44% versus 31% for infratentorial lesions (p = 0.026), 40% versus 35% for juxtacortical lesions (p = 0.413), and 41% versus 17% for three or more periventricular lesions (p = 0.034). The rate of conversion to CDMS based on the number of modified Barkhof criteria was 22% for two or fewer positive criteria, increasing to 47% with four positive criteria. For a cutoff of three positive criteria, the hazard ratio for time to CDMS was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.17-4.55; p = 0.016). Treatment effect seemed more evident as the number of positive criteria increased, and the number of patients needed to avoid one patient converting to CDMS decreased from 50 in patients with one or two positive criteria to 5.6 in patients with four positive criteria. However, the study was not powered to detect statistically significant treatment by variable interaction, and this remains an important issue for further study.
authors.affiliation: MS-MRI Centre and Department of Radiology, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. f.barkhof@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Jan-Hein T M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Van Waesberghe
authors.forename: Bernard M J
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Uitdehaag
authors.forename: Otto R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Hommes
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Durelli
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edan
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Pierette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seeldrayers
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Margrie
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016899:Interferon-beta; D005682:Gadolinium; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a