title: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis in healthy cats.
abstract: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis (PUC) is a minimally invasive technique for bile collection that is used successfully in human patients with cholecystitis. Its use in veterinary medicine for evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders has been limited because of the perceived unacceptable risk of bile peritonitis. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PUC, to collect data on bile cytology and bacteriologic culture, and to attempt to isolate Helicobacter spp. from the bile of healthy cats. In fasted and sedated cats, PUC was performed with a 22-gauge 1.5-in. (3.81 cm) needle with an attached 12-mL syringe via a right-sided transhepatic approach (n = 1) or into the fundus of the gallbladder (n = 11) via a right ventral abdominal approach. An attempt was made to completely empty the gallbladder. A small amount of abdominal effusion, consistent with bile or blood, was seen ultrasonographically immediately after aspiration in the 1st cat. Ultrasonographic complications with the 2nd technique were not observed in the remaining 11 cats. Decreased appetite and evidence of mild abdominal pain were detected in 4 cats within 2 days after PUC. The mean neutrophil count increased 2 days after PUC (P < .01) but remained within the reference range. The bile was acellular in 11 of 12 cats, and aerobic, anaerobic, and Helicobacter spp. cultures yielded no growth in 12 of 12 cats. There were no remarkable gross or histologic lesions of abdominal organs at the postmortem examination (8 cats) performed 7-8 days after the procedure. PUC appears to be a safe and technically simple procedure. Further studies are warranted to determine the use and safety of PUC in cats with hepatobiliary diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Karine C M
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Savary-Bataille
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bunch
authors.forename: Kathy A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Spaulding
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: J Mac
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Marty E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stebbins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D006262:Health; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D014463:Ultrasonography