title: Color measurements as quality criteria for clinical shade matching of porcelain crowns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability of a dentist to select and communicate an acceptable shade match to a dental laboratory may be the most important factor in esthetic restorative dentistry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of instrumental color measurement in clinical shade matching of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and all-porcelain crowns. The relative effects of clinical and laboratory factors related to shade matching for PFM and all-porcelain crowns were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients treatment planned to receive PFM or all-porcelain crowns made up the study population. The patients were randomly divided into two groups for shade selection: conventional visual assessment and photocolorimetric analysis. At the preparation appointment, a photograph was taken of the target tooth along with four shade guide tabs selected by the two visual observers. The crown was fabricated by either visual selection or by the lowest E* values determined from the photographs and a spectrophotometer. The same dental laboratory fabricated all 40 restorations. At the cementation appointment, clinical criteria were used to evaluate anatomy/contour, surface texture, and the amount of glaze as it relates to color perception before the restoration was cemented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean E* between the reference tooth before preparation and the crown before cementation in the visual assessment group was 10.49 (+/- 14.6), whereas the mean E* in the photocolorimetric group was 8.99 (+/- 5.7). Analysis of data showed that the observers and the colorimetric technique were perfect (E* = 0) 41% of the time and varied (E* = 0.1 or higher) 59% of the time. Data collected further showed no significant difference or correlation between shade selection methods and the evaluated clinical criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that there is no significant difference in shade selection using the conventional visual assessment by two experienced clinicians or the photocolorimetric technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of photocolorimetric analysis in shade selection can serve as a reliable alternative to conventional visual shade selection. This method is useful for clinicians who have difficulty with shade selection.
authors.affiliation: wkdancy@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Wm Kevin
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Dancy
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yaman
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dennison
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Razzoog
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003118:Color Perception; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D003442:Crowns / Q000592:standards*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000592:standards*; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006801:Humans; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015588:Observer Variation; D010781:Photography; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain