title: The management of persistent and recurrent chronic anal fissures.
abstract: There are numerous definitive reviews concerning aetiology and management of acute and chronic anal fissures. The problem of persistence and recurrence after surgical and nonsurgical therapy has not been specifically addressed and there is little evidence-based guidance for the management of this difficult group of patients. A review of the literature with particular reference to persistence and recurrence of chronic anal fissures is presented and an algorithm of management incorporating evidence-based data is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: S. R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: I. J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: A. J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Shorthouse