title: Retention of fluorescent probes during aldehyde-free anhydrous freeze-substitution.
abstract: Fluorescent probes are widely used for microscopy of live-cell processes, but few such probes can also be used with classically fixed or otherwise immobilized material, and none has been used without aldehyde fixation, which can introduce artefacts of structure and probe localization. Here we show that the fluorescence patterns in fungal hyphae loaded with chloromethyl aminocoumarin (CMAC), and then anhydrously freeze-substituted, without any aldehyde fixation, are similar to those seen in living hyphae. Probe loss into the mounting medium (Spurr's resin) with CMAC and five other probes tested indicated that some unwanted solubilization of probe occurred during embedding, but nevertheless vacuoles could be imaged by their retention of probe.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia. G.Hyde@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ashford
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000379:methods; D017110:Freeze Substitution / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D025301:Hyphae / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000639:trends; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D003374:Coumarins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes