title: Factors affecting patient adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical and demographic variables related to adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients treated in our hospital and identify the characteristics of nonadherent patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients receiving treatment with HAART (n = 283) were asked about variables related to adherence and to complete the APGAR (family support), State-Trait Anxiety questionnaire (STAI) (emotional situation), and IAS (social support) questionnaires. Patients were classified in 2 groups depending on whether adherence was > or =95% or <95%. Adherence was defined as the percentage of dosage forms prescribed that were obtained by the patient at the hospital pharmacy. A multivariate analysis was created to analyze how each significant variable affected adherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data showed significant nonadherence for patients with the following factors: low level of education, unemployed, emotional situation, and abuse of substances including intravenous drugs. All significant variables were included in a logistic regression model to optimize the results. This model considered 4 variables: age (95% CI 0.89 to 0.99), number of antiretroviral drugs (95% CI 1.05 to 2.11), STAI Anxiety/Trait test (95% CI 2.02 to 6.02), and abuse of drugs (95% CI 1.20 to 3.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommended special intervention to reinforce adherence for younger patients, patients taking a high number of antiretroviral drugs, those who have a history of intravenous drug use, and those with high anxiety status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. simoneescobar@airtel.net
authors.forename: Ismael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Shaw
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pulido
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires