title: Genetic diversity and antigenic polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum: extensive serological cross-reactivity between allelic variants of merozoite surface protein 2.
abstract: Diversity in the surface antigens of malaria parasites is generally assumed to be a mechanism for immune evasion, but there is little direct evidence that this leads to evasion of protective immunity. Here we show that alleles of the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) can be grouped (within the known dimorphic families) into distinct serogroups; variants within a serogroup show extensive serological cross-reactivity. Cross-reactive epitopes are immunodominant, and responses to them may be boosted at the expense of responses to novel epitopes (original antigenic sin). The data imply that immune selection explains only some of the diversity in the msp-2 gene and that MSP-2 vaccines may need to include only a subset of the known variants in order to induce pan-reactive antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baton
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tetteh
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tongren
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dewin
authors.forename: Bartholomew D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Akanmori
authors.forename: Kojo A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Koram
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ranford-Cartwright
authors.forename: Eleanor M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003429:Cross Reactions; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C065974:merozoite surface protein 2, Plasmodium