title: Dynamic accommodative changes in rhesus monkey eyes assessed with A-scan ultrasound biometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior studies in humans measured time constants of biometric accommodative changes as a function of amplitude, and prior studies in monkeys used slit lamp videography to analyze dynamic lenticular accommodative movements. Neither of these studies related biometric changes to refractive changes. We wished to develop and test methodology to begin to test the hypothesis that ocular biometric changes are well correlated with accommodative refractive changes in rhesus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methodology is described to dynamically measure biometric accommodative changes with A-scan ultrasonography. Lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, and anterior segment length (anterior chamber depth plus lens thickness) were measured dynamically during Edinger-Westphal-stimulated accommodation in two eyes of one rhesus monkey. In addition, dynamic accommodative refractive changes were measured with infrared photorefraction. Functions were fit to the accommodative and disaccommodative responses to obtain time constants. Derivatives of these functions allow peak velocities to be determined for each amplitude. Dynamic changes in lens thickness and anterior chamber depth measured with A-scan biometry were compared with dynamic measures of accommodation using infrared photorefraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lens thickness and anterior segment length increase and anterior chamber depth decreases during accommodation. The biometric changes are well correlated with the accommodative optical changes. Peak velocities of accommodative changes in lens thickness and anterior chamber depth increase with amplitude and peak velocities for disaccommodation were higher than those for accommodation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic A-scan provides a method for dynamic analysis of the accommodative biometric changes during Edinger-Westphal-stimulated accommodation in monkeys, although the measurement resolution of this approach is limited.
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, University of Houston, Texas 77004, USA.
authors.forename: Abhiram S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vilupuru
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glasser
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D014463:Ultrasonography