title: Schizophrenia, psychotic illness and other psychiatric symptoms in families with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy caused by different mutations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is characterized by a strong family history of epileptic seizures, which predominantly occur during sleep. ADNFLE has been associated with mutations in two genes coding for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2). Thus far, three different mutations have been detected in the CHRNA4 gene, and two in the CHRNB2 gene. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of psychiatric disorders in two ADNFLE families with different CHRNA4 mutations (776ins3 and Ser248Phe).
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was gathered from hospital charts and therapists, and the family members were assessed by clinical interviews and structured clinical interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 10 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy in the CHRNA4-776ins3 family, at least four had been in contact with psychiatric services. One individual had schizophrenia, while another family member had experienced at least two severe psychotic episodes, and had been taking antipsychotic medications for years. The third family member had been hospitalized at least three times for psychiatric problems. The fourth family member needs help with activities of daily living due to incapacitating apathy, although she does not have a psychiatric diagnosis. Such accumulation of psychiatric problems was not seen in the family with the Ser248Phe mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that there may be an association between the 776ins3 mutation and the psychiatric symptoms, a hypothesis that needs further testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Norway. andres.magnusson@psykiatri.uio.no
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: Eystein
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stordal
authors.forename: Eylert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brodtkorb
authors.forename: Ortrud
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Steinlein
mesh_terms: D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*