title: Total arch replacement using antegrade selective cerebral perfusion with right axillary artery perfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Right axillary artery (AxA) perfusion, which can prevent cerebral embolism caused by retrograde perfusion via the femoral artery (FA), was used for selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) as well as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in aortic arch repair. We review the outcome of aortic arch surgery using SCP with right AxA perfusion to clarify its efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1998 and 2002, 120 patients underwent aortic arch repair using SCP with right AxA perfusion. The mean age was 69+/-10 years. Aneurysms were atherosclerotic in 79, dissecting in 32, and others in nine patients. Twenty of them (16.7%) required emergency surgery. CPB was initiated with right AxA and FA perfusion, and following SCP was established using right AxA and left common carotid artery perfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With right AxA perfusion, hospital mortality was 5.8%. Multivariate analysis showed only ruptured aneurysm was an independent determinant for hospital mortality. Permanent neurological dysfunction developed in one patient (0.8%), while seven (5.8%) suffered from temporary one. In univariate analysis, SCP time, stenosis of the carotid arteries, past history of cerebrovascular events, and atherosclerotic aneurysm were not related to temporary neurological deficits
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Right AxA perfusion in conjunction with SCP is a safe and useful alternative for brain protection in total arch replacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
authors.forename: Mituhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Motomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000601:surgery; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D001366:Axillary Artery / Q000637:transplantation*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis