title: Physical and psychiatric predictors of late whiplash syndrome.
abstract: Approximately 40% of people who sustain whiplash injuries, complain of chronic physical and psychiatric symptoms. Associations have been found between pre-accident physical symptoms and physical outcome and between pre-accident psychiatric variables and both physical and psychiatric outcome. There are no reported investigations of the association between pre-accident physical symptoms and psychiatric outcome. In this study, 33 consecutive cases of whiplash injury met inclusion criteria from a series of psychiatric reports used in civil litigation. Outcome was measured for each patient and correlated with a range of pre-accident physical and psychiatric variables using multivariate regression. There was no association between pre-accident psychiatric factors and overall outcome. Older age and a pre-accident history of musculoskeletal complaints correlated with the physical and psychiatric outcome. In whiplash injury, pre-accident psychiatric factors may have little bearing on long-term prognosis. Physical and psychiatric outcome of late whiplash syndrome is probably worse in older individuals and in patients with a pre-accident history of musculoskeletal complaints.
authors.affiliation: Duchess of Kent's Psychiatric Hospital, Horne Road, Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire DL9 4DF, UK. markturn@dsca.mod.uk
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Leigh A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Neal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*