title: Heart and liver defects and reduced transforming growth factor beta2 sensitivity in transforming growth factor beta type III receptor-deficient embryos.
abstract: The type III transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) receptor (TbetaRIII) binds both TGFbeta and inhibin with high affinity and modulates the association of these ligands with their signaling receptors. However, the significance of TbetaRIII signaling in vivo is not known. In this study, we have sought to determine the role of TbetaRIII during development. We identified the predominant expression sites of TbetaRIII mRNA as liver and heart during midgestation and have disrupted the murine TbetaRIII gene by homologous recombination. Beginning at embryonic day 13.5, mice with mutations in TbetaRIII developed lethal proliferative defects in heart and apoptosis in liver, indicating that TbetaRIII is required during murine somatic development. To assess the effects of the absence of TbetaRIII on the function of its ligands, primary fibroblasts were generated from TbetaRIII-null and wild-type embryos. Our results indicate that TbetaRIII deficiency differentially affects the activities of TGFbeta ligands. Notably, TbetaRIII-null cells exhibited significantly reduced sensitivity to TGFbeta2 in terms of growth inhibition, reporter gene activation, and Smad2 nuclear localization, effects not observed with other ligands. These data indicate that TbetaRIII is an important modulator of TGFbeta2 function in embryonic fibroblasts and that reduced sensitivity to TGFbeta2 may underlie aspects of the TbetaRIII mutant phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia. Kaye.Stenvers@ludwig.edu.au
authors.forename: Kaye L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Stenvers
authors.forename: Melinda L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tursky
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kountouri
authors.forename: Supavadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amatayakul-Chantler
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grail
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sizeland
authors.forename: Hong-Jian
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008024:Ligands; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C071736:betaglycan