title: The effect of decentralisation on tuberculosis services in three states of Sudan.
abstract: METHODS
  Referral hospitals and primary health care (PHC) facilities in Khartoum, Red Sea and Gadaref States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure the effect of the decentralisation of the tuberculosis (TB) services on the clinical profile and treatment outcome of tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study of case detection and treatment outcome using information routinely collected comparing patients attending PHC facilities and referral hospitals in selected locations in Sudan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-thirds of all TB patients were diagnosed in referral hospitals and one-third in PHC facilities. In PHC facilities, women represented 46% of notified cases, compared to 37.9% in referral hospitals (OR 1.398, 95%CI 1.343-1.455). Older age groups were more likely to prefer PHC facilities to referral hospitals. In referral hospitals, 38% were cured, 29.3% completed treatment without smear examination and 17.3% defaulted, while in PHC facilities 58% were cured, 17.8% completed treatment without smear examination and 11.6% defaulted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHC facilities provide care for a higher proportion of women and older age groups of tuberculosis patients, suggesting a higher level of accessibility for these groups. A higher cure rate and a lower default rate were noted in PHC facilities, possibly reflecting better conditions for directly observed treatment and follow-up.
authors.affiliation: National Tuberculosis Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan. aelsony@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: El-Sony
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Khamis
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Enarson
authors.forename: O Z
authors.initials: OZ
authors.lastname: Baraka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bjune
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006782:Hospitals, Special / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011057:Politics; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013397:Sudan; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy