title: Re-operation is frequently required when parathyroid glands remain after initial parathyroidectomy for advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism in uraemic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the most successful treatment for advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) not responsive to medical treatment. However, persistent HPT remains problematic after PTx if some glands remain. The clinical course in patients with persistent 2HPT was evaluated to clarify the risk for re-operation after PTx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1981 and December 2001, initial total PTx with forearm autograft were performed in 1156 uraemic patients. Persistent HPT cases were defined as those in which the lowest post-operative intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) concentration was >60 pg/ml, and patients were classified into groups A, B and C, with i-PTH concentrations of >or=500, 300-500 and 60-300 pg/ml, respectively. These patients were followed for 7-234 months after PTx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persistent HPT was identified in 49/1156 patients (4.2%), with nine cases in group A, 10 in group B and 30 in group C. Re-operation was required in 21/49 (42.8%) cases, and in seven of these the last i-PTH concentration was >or=500 pg/ml. All cases in group A required re-operation. In group C, 11/30 (36.7%) patients required re-operation. The missed glands removed at re-operation were supernumerary in 14 cases, and located in the mediastinum in 13 cases. The frequency of advanced HPT and re-operation was not negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To prevent persistent 2HPT, all parathyroid glands must be found and resected during the initial operation. Even if small parathyroid glands remain, there is a risk of progression. Complete PTx is the first treatment choice for advanced 2HPT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Renal Center, Nagoya Second Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. ytomi@nagoya2.jrc.or.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Tetsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Toshihito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haba
authors.forename: Yatsuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Numano
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichimori
authors.forename: Kazuharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications*