title: Effect of heart rate on regulative features of the cortical activity-flow coupling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heart rate plays an important role in compensatory conditions of arterial pressure changes. Very little information, however, exists on its role in the dynamic adjustment of stimulated organ perfusion. We studied the influence of heart rate on the activity-flow coupling mechanism which adapts local cerebral blood flow in accordance with cortical activity. Since it does not affect heart rate or arterial blood pressure by itself, the commonly observed heart rate variability in test conditions was used to compare the flow response between different heart rate groups. For evaluation under stable heart rate conditions we performed a short test paradigm with a transcranial Doppler technique with the necessary high time resolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  168 healthy young volunteers (24 +/- 3 years of age) were grouped according to their heart rate in decade steps from 60 to 100 beats/min (mean: 82 +/- 9 beats/min). The visually evoked flow velocity responses in the posterior cerebral artery were evaluated according to a control system approach. Peak systolic and end diastolic data were evaluated separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A correlation analysis between heart rate and baseline flow velocity as well as each of the control system parameters, i.e. gain, attenuation, rate time and natural frequency, revealed no significance. The flow responses did not differ among the heart rate groups as concluded from an ANOVA test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in heart rate and the possible stress factors responsible for this seem to be of no relevance in regulative features of the activity-flow coupling. The almost identical time course of flow velocity responses among the groups showing a heart rate difference of up to 50% indicates an integrative principle in flow regulation supporting simplified concepts of flow adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosengarten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Budden
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osthaus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D020769:Posterior Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial