title: Short bursts of weak pulses break postictal inhibition in the neocortex of Wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postictal inhibition (PI) is a decrease in excitability that follows an epileptic seizure and decreases probability of new seizure occurrence. PI may involve both increased inhibition and persisting elevated excitation. Our experiments tested whether shorter trains of weak stimuli are able to unmask this residual increase of excitability during the PI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) were evoked by intense electrical stimulation (20 s, 8 Hz, current intensity at 5x threshold) of the neocortex in two groups (A, B) of Wistar rats. Before the first AD and during the 10-min interictal period, 8-Hz trains of four weak pulses (half of the intensity used for the AD triggering; 4P) were applied every 20 s in group B and a single pulse with similar parameters in group A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of interictal epileptiform events evoked by 4P in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A (evoked by single pulses) except after the second AD. Epileptic events were triggered by 4P also immediately after the AD termination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is apparent that weak stimulation can trigger epileptic phenomena during PI. Our results indicate that it is no longer possible to perceive PI only as persisting extreme and active inhibition. An appropriate stimulation can reveal more subtle (but important) excitatory events contributing to the functional status during the postictal period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Ke Karlovu 4, 12 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lukás
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tůma
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krýsl
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D019579:Neocortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology