Vitamin A supplementation on child morbidity.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of vitamin A supplementation on child morbidity and nutritional status.


METHODS
A community based follow-up (interventional) in nature.


METHODS
Two randomly selected Weredas (districts) of Tigray, North Ethiopia were studied between 1996 and 1997.


METHODS
Four thousand seven hundred and seventy children aged between six and 72 months, selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure were enrolled and clinically assessed for xerophthalmia and nutritional status. A sub-sample of these children (n = 281) was further assessed for their serum retinol levels.


METHODS
The pre and post intervention data on xerophthalmia, morbidity, nutritional status and serum retinol levels were compared.


RESULTS
Vitamin A capsule coverage of 87% in all the villages of the Weredas and a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the prevalence of Bitot's spot (from 1.5 to 0.5), fever (from 29.8 to 14.2), diarrhoea (from 30.2 to 18.2), oedema (from 9.2 to 3.2), measles (from 14.0 to 6.2), conjunctivitis (from 10.2 to 3.0), stunted (from 64.2 to 42.7), wasted (from 12.8 to 2.5) and underweight (from 46.2 to 24.2). The proportion of children with normal serum retinol concentration (> 0.7 micromole/L) has also improved significantly (from 36.8 to 56.2).


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the significant improvement in morbidity and nutritional status that followed the intervention programme although encouraging, it still indicates the importance of coupling periodic provision of Vitamin A capsules with nutrition education.
Haidar
J
J
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tsegaye
D
D
Mariam
D H
DH
Tibeb
H N
HN
Muroki
N M
NM
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
D014801:Vitamin A