title: Capsule endoscopy versus push enteroscopy in patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wireless capsule endoscopy is a new method enabling non-invasive diagnostic endoscopy of the entire small intestine. In this study we prospectively examined the diagnostic precision of capsule endoscopy compared with push enteroscopy in patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2001 and October 2002 we examined 48 patients with suspected disorders of the small intestine using capsule endoscopy. 33 patients with obscure bleeding (19 men, 14 women, mean age 58 +/- 23 years) were prospectively examined using capsule endoscopy and push enteroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, the patients had been suffering from chronic gastrointestinal bleeding for 30 +/- 36 (1-120) months. The lowest haemoglobin level was 6.5 +/- 1.6 g/dl (2.3-9.6) and on average 9 +/- 10 (0-50) blood units were transfused. Each patient underwent 4 +/- 2 (1-10) hospitalisations, with a mean 9 +/- 4 (5-17) diagnostic procedures before capsule endoscopy was used. Definitive bleeding sites were diagnosed by push enteroscopy in 7 patients (angiodysplasia [n = 5], ulcers [n = 1], multiple jejunal diverticula [n = 1]). Capsule endoscopy showed a bleeding source in 25 cases (76 %) (angiodysplasias [n = 15], Meckel's diverticulum [n = 1], ulcers [n = 7], ileum diverticulosis [n = 1], B-cell lymphoma [n = 1]). Push enteroscopy localised an additional bleeding source in comparison with capsule endoscopy (multiple jejunal diverticula) in one patient. Both methods of examination were safe and showed no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that capsule endoscopy had the highest diagnostic yield and was superior to push enteroscopy in patients with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. By using the capsule at an early stage the subsequent therapeutic procedure could be considerably shortened and diagnostic processes could possibly be optimised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine C, Gastroenterology, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen gGmbH, Academic Hospital of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Ludwigshafen, Germany. MedCLu@t-online.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hahne
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weickert
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Riemann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002214:Capsules; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules