title: Effect of irradiation on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to investigate the effect of irradiation on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors, because radiotherapy to NPC covers a column from the basal skull to the clavicle level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two irradiated NPC survivors and five fresh NPC patients were subjected to VEMP testing, which is evoked by short-tone burst (95 dBHL, 500 Hz) stimulation. Interactions among VEMPs and radiation effects, such as radiation dosage, postirradiation interval, radiation-induced otitis media, sensorineural hearing loss, or canal paresis, were then explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean latencies of p13 and n23 in irradiated ears were significantly delayed compared with either pr-irradiated ears or normal control ears. Delayed VEMPs represented 50% in ears with a mean radiation dosage of 71 Gy, whereas it represented 100% in those with a mean radiation dosage of 123 Gy. Ears with radiation otitis media revealed higher occurrence (65%) of delayed VEMPs than those without radiation otitis media (29%, p <.05), possibly because of radiation sequela affecting the brainstem and neck. However, delayed VEMPs were unrelated to sensorineural hearing loss or canal paresis caused by irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed VEMPs in NPC survivors are possibly due to radiation-induced otitis media, a brainstem lesion, or neck fibrosis. Hence, VEMP testing may expand the test battery for clinicians to explore balance problems in NPC survivors after irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 1 Chang-te St, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Jenq-Yuh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D017741:Survivors; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects*