title: Risk factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in dogs with lymphoma receiving cyclophosphamide with or without concurrent administration of furosemide: 216 cases (1990-1996).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine incidence and identify predisposing factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) in dogs with lymphoma that were treated with cyclophosphamide and to evaluate whether furosemide administered i.v. concurrently with cyclophosphamide decreased the incidence of SHC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  216 dogs with lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of dogs with lymphoma that received cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in accordance with 1 of 2 protocols, with or without concurrent i.v. administration of furosemide, were examined. Data for the 2 groups were analyzed to determine the incidence and predisposing factors (age, breed, sex, weight, previous or preexisting disease, previous or preexisting urinary tract infection, neutropenia, azotemia, dose, and number of cyclophosphamide treatments) for cyclophosphamide-associated SHC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC developed in 12 of 133 (9%) dogs that had not received concurrent administration of furosemide and cyclophosphamide treatments; of the 83 dogs that had received furosemide, only 1 (1.2%) developed SHC. Dogs receiving cyclophosphamide and furosemide concurrently were significantly less likely to develop SHC than dogs that did not receive furosemide. Dogs with previous or preexisting immune-mediated disease were significantly more likely to develop cyclophosphamide-associated SHC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of results suggested an association between i.v. administration of furosemide concurrently with cyclophosphamide and decreased incidence of cyclophosphamide-associated SHC. Incidence of cyclophosphamide-associated SHC was similar in treated dogs that did not receive concurrent furosemide to that observed for other studies in which cyclophosphamide was administered orally. Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC appeared to develop early during the course of chemotherapy when furosemide was not administered concurrently with cyclophosphamide.
authors.affiliation: Donaldson-Atwood Cancer Clinic, Department of Medicine, The Animal Medical Center, 510 E 62nd St, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Charney
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hohenhaus
authors.forename: Josephine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McKnight
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide