title: Annular pancreas in the adult: two case reports and review of more than a century of literature.
abstract: This paper brings the diagnosis and treatment of this interesting yet infrequent condition to contemporary standards through an assessment of past literature and a re-evaluation of the problem in view of technological advances. Two cases of annular pancreas are cited with a review of the last 183 years of literature. Only 100 cases, however, were reported in enough detail to examine outcomes in general and to arrive at a reasonable conclusion in terms of recommendations for diagnosis and operative intervention in adult annular pancreas. Two observations are brought to light. Despite all present diagnostic tools including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography diagnosis at best is made in only 60 per cent of patients preoperatively. Intraoperative expertise remains the best diagnostic modality available to date. Enteroenterostomy seems to be the intervention of choice for a multitude of anatomic and physiologic reasons and with a wide array of surgical options available when additional factors need to be addressed.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Metropolitan Group Hospitals Residency in General Surgery, 836 West Wellington, Room 4813 CC, Chicago, IL 60657, USA.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maker
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerzenshtein
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lerner
mesh_terms: D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery