title: Chronic phase lipids in sera of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic ciguatera fish poisoning (CCFP), hepatitis B, and cancer with antigenic epitope resembling ciguatoxin, as assessed with MAb-CTX.
abstract: Clinical reports and descriptions of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and chronic ciguatera fish poisoning (CCFP) show great similarities in clinical symptomology. These similarities in the literature suggested the exploration of lipids in sera of CFS, CCFP, and other diseases with the membrane immunobead assay (MIA), which is typically used for screening ciguateric ocean fish. Sera from patients with other diseases, including hepatitis B, cancer, and diabetes, were included to assess the degree of specificity involved. Sera were treated with acetone in a ratio of 1 part serum to 4 parts acetone. The suspension was centrifuged, and the acetone layer was evaporated. The residue was weighed and redissolved in 1.0 mL methanol and tested by the MIA, undiluted and titered to 1:160. The undiluted acetone fraction of the 37 normal showed +/- activity to +activity with 16 no titer, 15 with 1:5 titer and two with 1:10 titer, and four with > or =1:40 titers. One hundred fifteen CFS sera showed 1 with 1+ and 114 with 2+ activity in the undiluted samples, 1 with 1:10 titer, 3 with 1:20 titer, 31 with 1:40 titer, 50 with 1:80 titer, and 30 with 160 titer. Thus 95.6% of the samples had > or =1:40 titer. Eight hepatitis B sera samples had > or =1:40 titers. Four CCFP samples had > or =1:40 titers. Three of 16 cancer samples had 1:40 titer. These data are summarized in Fig. 1. As shown in Table 1, a significant increase (P<0.001) in the chronic phase lipids (CPLs) was shown relative to the normal group. A preliminary chemical study in C18 octadecylsilyl columns showed all fractions (100% chloroform, 9:1 chloroform : methanol, 1:1 chloroform : methanol, and 100% methanol) to contain lipids reactive to MAb-CTX with different intensities. Prostaglandins were shown in 100% methanol fraction. Competitive MIA with crude fish ciguatoxin and CFS with synthetic JKLM ciguatoxin epitope suggested similarities in structure with ciguatoxin. This was compatible with the neuroblastoma assay demonstrated in the C(18) column fractions 9:1 and 1:1, chloroform : methanol solvents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. yoshitsu@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hokama
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Palafox
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Enlander
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cocchetto
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D036841:Ciguatera Poisoning / Q000097:blood*; D002922:Ciguatoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000939:Epitopes; D008055:Lipids; D002922:Ciguatoxins