title: Terlipressin versus norepinephrine to correct refractory arterial hypotension after general anesthesia in patients chronically treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Terlipressin, a precursor that is metabolized to lysine-vasopressin, has been proposed as a drug for treatment of intraoperative arterial hypotension refractory to ephedrine in patients who have received long-term treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. The authors compared the effectiveness of terlipressin and norepinephrine to correct hypotension in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 42 patients scheduled for elective carotid endarterectomy, 20 had arterial hypotension following general anesthesia that was refractory to ephedrine. These patients were the basis of the study. After randomization, they received either 1 mg intravenous terlipressin (n = 10) or norepinephrine infusion (n = 10). Beat-by-beat recordings of systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate were stored on a computer. The intraoperative maximum and minimum values of blood pressure and heart rate, and the time spent with systolic arterial blood pressure below 90 mmHg and above 160 mmHg, were used as indices of hemodynamic stability. Data are expressed as median (95% confidence interval).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Terlipressin and norepinephrine corrected arterial hypotension in all cases. However, time spent with systolic arterial blood pressure below 90 mmHg was less in the terlipressin group (0 s [0-120 s] vs. 510 s [120-1011 s]; P < 0.001). Nonresponse to treatment (defined as three boluses of terlipressin or three changes in norepinephrine infusion) occurred in zero and eight cases (P < 0.05), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who received long-term treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, intraoperative refractory arterial hypotension was corrected with both terlipressin and norepinephrine. However, terlipressin was more rapidly effective for maintaining normal systolic arterial blood pressure during general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France. g.boccara@noos.fr
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boccara
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouattara
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godet
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dufresne
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riou
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coriat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000804:Angiotensin II; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004562:Electrocardiography; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008236:Lypressin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077585:Terlipressin; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D008236:Lypressin; D000077585:Terlipressin; D009638:Norepinephrine