title: Depressant effects of ambroxol and erdosteine on cytokine synthesis, granule enzyme release, and free radical production in rat alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: The present study examined the effects of ambroxol and erdosteine, bronchial expectorants, on the cytokine synthesis, granule enzyme release, and free radical production in rat alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. Ambroxol and erdosteine significantly decreased the production of tumour necrosis factors-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 in alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. These drugs significantly reduced the production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide and the release of acid phosphatase and lysozyme in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Ambroxol and erdosteine showed no scavenging effect on superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, whereas both drugs effectively decomposed nitric oxide. The results show that ambroxol and erdosteine may inhibit the responses, including cytokine synthesis and free radical production, in rat alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. Unlike the production of reactive oxygen species, the inhibitory effect of ambroxol and erdosteine on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-activated alveolar macrophages may be accomplished by a scavenging action on the species and inhibition of the respiratory burst.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang university, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yong Kyoo
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chung Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000551:Ambroxol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005100:Expectorants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D005100:Expectorants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013864:Thioglycolates; D013876:Thiophenes; D013481:Superoxides; D000551:Ambroxol; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C048498:erdosteine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide