title: Two clusters of serum midkine levels in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor implicated in various biological phenomena such as development of the hippocampus and anxiety. We evaluated serum MK levels of drug-naive (n=15) and medicated (n=25) patients with schizophrenia, and age- and sex-matched normal controls (n=38). The patients showed two clusters in the levels. Four drug-naive patients (26.7%) and two medicated patients (8.0%) had abnormally high values, but no controls did, there being a significant difference in the numbers (P=0.003, Fisher's exact test). Furthermore, in other patients, the mean MK levels in drug-naive schizophrenia (0.30+/-0.10 ng/ml) were significantly (P=0.018, Fisher's protected least significant difference test) decreased than those in the controls (0.40+/-0.12 ng/ml). These suggest that there are two clusters of serum MK abnormalities in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. eiji@faculty.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Ragaa H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Naoe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kumakiri
authors.forename: Sin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078792:Midkine; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine