title: Expression of the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) in retinoblastoma and its correlation with tumor aggressiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fatty acids. Many common human cancers express high levels of FAS, and its differential expression between normal and neoplastic tissues has led to the consideration of FAS as a target for anticancer therapy. To investigate the potential of targeting FAS in the treatment of retinoblastoma, we first determined whether FAS was activated in this human tumor. Moreover, correlation of FAS expression with tumor aggressiveness was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  FAS reactivity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 66 retinoblastoma specimens from 65 patients. Degree of tumor differentiation, choroid invasion, optic nerve infiltration, mitotic rate, and necrosis extension were estimated. FAS expression was correlated with all these tumor characteristics by means of parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two percent of tumors were FAS positive. Stronger FAS expression correlated with more advanced choroid (P < 0.001) and optic nerve (P = 0.016) invasion, high mitotic index (P < 0.001), and less differentiated histology (P = 0.047). Correlation with extension of necrosis was not statistically significant. Unaffected retina was negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that expression of FAS and fatty acid synthesis support an essential functional aspect of retinoblastoma cells, perhaps cell growth or survival. FAS activation may serve as a novel target for systemic and local antineoplastic therapy and, because it increases with tumor aggressiveness, its inhibition could represent an alternative treatment strategy in advanced and resistant retinoblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Pediatric Hospital ("Bambino Gesù"), Research Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca Diomedi
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Camassei
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cozza
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acquaviva
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenkner
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ravà
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gareri
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donfrancesco
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vadalà
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadjistilianou
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boldrini
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases