title: Epidemiological characteristics of acute pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Japan, acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) is still rare, but the number of patients with APTE has been steadily increasing. It is important for early diagnosis and early management of APTE to recognize epidemiological characteristics of this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of 252 patients with APTE who were admitted to our institutions between 1975 and 2001. APTE was more prevalent in women that in men. It was observed the most in the age group between 50s to 70s, especially in women. Many patients had prolonged immobilization, recent major operation, obesity, or cancer, as risk factors for venous thromboembolism. One hundred and thirty-eight patients developed APTE in hospital; 60 patients were in Department of Internal Medicine, 28 in General Surgery, 15 in Orthopedics, 15 in Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 20 in other services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 58 patients with malignancy, 43% had cancers in digestive organs, 21% in gynecological, and 17% in urological. Among 61 patients who were examined for the presence of thrombophilia, 13 patients had inherited thrombophilia (8 protein C deficiency, 4 protein S deficiency, and 1 antithrombin III deficiency) 11 had antiphospholipid antibodies which indicated thrombophilia. Five out of the above 61 patients (8%) had no obvious risk factors including thrombophilia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in our patients were almost the same as those in Western patients, except for some points. These results might be useful to establish a preventive approach for APTE in Japan.
authors.affiliation: The 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yazu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000453:epidemiology