title: Non-cardiac chest pain: prevalence, risk factors, impact and consulting--a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the prevalence and importance of non-cardiac chest pain in the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the magnitude and impact of this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validated self-report questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 1000 residents of Penrith, selected randomly from the electoral rolls. Symptoms, risk factors, psychological distress, quality of life and demographics were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 73% (n = 672; mean age, 46 years; 52% female). Chest pain ever was reported by 39% of the population; 7% reported a history of myocardial infarction and 8% a history of angina. Two hundred and nineteen (33%) cases were classified as non-cardiac chest pain; only 23% had consulted a physician about chest pain in the previous year. The only independent risk factor for non-cardiac chest pain was the frequency of heartburn (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.79; P = 0.02). None of the gastrointestinal (heartburn, dysphagia, acid regurgitation) or psychological (anxiety, depression, neuroticism) risk factors were significantly associated with consulting for non-cardiac chest pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-cardiac chest pain is remarkably common in the general population and negatively impacts on the quality of life. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a key risk factor for non-cardiac chest pain in the community. Health care seeking for non-cardiac chest pain remains unexplained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia. eslickg@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Eslick
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Talley
mesh_terms: D002637:Chest Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires