title: Effects of Greek Orthodox Christian Church fasting on serum lipids and obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No study to date has focused on the impact of Greek Orthodox Christian fasting on serum lipoproteins and obesity yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 Greek adults were followed longitudinally for one year. Sixty fasted regularly in all fasting periods (fasters) and 60 did not fast at all (controls). The three major fasting periods under study were: Christmas (40 days), Lent (48 days) and Assumption (August, 15 days). A total of 6 measurements were made during one year including pre- and end-fasting blood collection, serum lipoprotein analyses and anthropometric measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant end-fasting total and LDL cholesterol differences were found in fasters. Fasters compared to controls presented 12.5% lower end-total cholesterol (p < 0.001), 15.9% lower end-LDL cholesterol (p < 0.001) and 1.5% lower end-BMI (p < 0.001). The end- LDL/HDL ratio was lower in fasters (6.5%, p < 0.05) while the change in end- HDL cholesterol in fasters (4.6% decline) was not significant. Similar results were found when the pre- and end-fasting values of fasters were compared. No change was found in control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to Greek Orthodox fasting periods contributes to a reduction in the blood lipid profile including a non-significant reduction in HDL cholesterol and possible impact on obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, School of Medicine, P,O Box 1393, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. katsarri@med.uoc.gr
authors.forename: Katerina O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Sarri
authors.forename: Nikolaos E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Tzanakis
authors.forename: Manolis K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Linardakis
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mamalakis
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kafatos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D002835:Christianity; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL