title: Alarming increase in ciprofloxacin- and penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in New Delhi, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resistance of ciprofloxacin has been reported in several regions of the world, including India. In India, ciprofloxacin is still being used as single-dose treatment for gonorrhea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from patients with acute gonococcal urethritis in New Delhi.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of disc diffusion, we determined the susceptibility profiles of N gonorrhoeae isolates, determined the MICs of ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and ceftriaxone, and compared our data with previous findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of MIC values, 35.3% and 52.9% of strains were found to be resistant and less sensitive, respectively, to penicillin; 67.3% and 28.2% strains were observed to be resistant and less sensitive, respectively, to ciprofloxacin. Only one isolate (5.9%) was found to be less sensitive to ceftriaxone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance in the current study indicates that resistance has developed under selective antibiotic pressure.
authors.affiliation: Regional STD Teaching, Training, and Research Centre, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bala
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Sudarshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumari
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002443:Ceftriaxone