title: Young-onset Parkinson disease with and without parkin gene mutations: a fluorodopa F 18 positron emission tomography study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations of the parkin gene are frequently encountered in patients with young-onset Parkinson disease (YOPD), but the effects of this mutation on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration are not well established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze, using positron emission tomography and fluorodopa F 18, the severity and profile of striatal dopaminergic metabolism in YOPD patients with and without parkin gene mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed positron emission tomography with fluorodopa F 18 in 19 YOPD patients with parkin gene mutations (parkin patients), 6 YOPD patients without parkin gene mutations (nonparkin patients), and 9 healthy controls. Putamen and caudate nucleus fluorodopa F 18 uptake was assessed using regions of interest analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In parkin patients, the striatal fluorodopa F 18 uptake reduction was 36.3%, 51.3%, and 66.7%, respectively, for the caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen compared with controls. In nonparkin patients, this reduction was 23.0%, 43.6%, and 73.0%, respectively. This reduction was asymmetrical according to the most affected hemibody for the anterior and posterior putamen in parkin patients and for the posterior putamen in nonparkin patients. A rostrocaudal gradient was observed with a severe decrease in fluorodopa F 18 uptake in the putamen and relative sparing of the caudate nucleus. There was no significant difference of striatal fluorodopa F 18 uptake between our 2 YOPD populations. In parkin patients, no significant correlation was found among fluorodopa F 18 uptake, motor disability, and the type of mutations. In nonparkin patients, there was a significant correlation between fluorodopa F 18 uptake and clinical severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of fluorodopa F 18 uptake in the striatum of YOPD patients is similar to that of patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and does not depend on the presence or absence of mutations of the parkin gene.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie D and Cycloton Unit, CERMEP, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France. stephane.thobois@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thobois
authors.forename: Maria-Joao
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Ebba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dürr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rascol
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillouet
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chapoy
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Costes
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agid
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Remy
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brice
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broussolle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000378:metabolism; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C043437:fluorodopa F 18; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein; D008025:Ligases