Nongenetic causes of hearing loss.
Nongenetic as well as genetic etiologies must be explored in the child with identified hearing loss. Graduates of the neonatal intensive care unit are at increased risk for developing hearing loss due to hypoxia, hyperbilirubinemia, very low birth weight, and ototoxic medications. Although meningitis has decreased in frequency, it is still a risk factor for hearing loss. Cytomegalovirus remains the most common congenital infection and a relatively common etiology of hearing loss, which can be progressive. Preventable causes of hearing loss include those caused by head trauma, noise, and ototoxic medications. Identification of the etiology of hearing loss can facilitate the development of a treatment and management plan.
Roizen
Nancy J
NJ
Division of Neurosciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. roizenn@upstate.edu
D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000150:complications; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000150:complications; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital; D007647:Kernicterus / Q000378:metabolism; D008581:Meningitis / Q000150:complications; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology