title: Long-term results of free vascularized second toe joint transfers to finger proximal interphalangeal joints.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the long-term clinical results of free vascularized second toe joint transfers for severely damaged finger proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven joints in ten patients (1 woman, 9 men) were reviewed between 10 and 22 years after surgery. The average patient age at the time of the surgery was 32 years. Patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up time of 15 years; evaluation included range of motion of the transferred PIP joints and the remaining healthy second toe PIP joints, grip strength, finger and toe pain, finger function, gait disturbance, patient satisfaction, and x-ray changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean active range of motion was 47 degrees that lacks 41 degrees extension and flexes to 88 degrees. The mean grip strength was more than 80% that of the nonaffected hand, and no finger pain or gait disturbances were reported. All patients had some extension lag and flexion contractures but most were satisfied with the clinical and functional results of surgery. In all joints, the joint spaces were preserved, although 1 patient had arthritis and 3 had osteophytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to prevent extension lag and flexion contracture to get better results from free vascularized second toe joint transfers. The transferred toe PIP joint is durable.
authors.affiliation: Niigata Hand Surgery Foundation, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsubokawa
authors.forename: Takae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizu
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014033:Toe Joint / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*