Barriers to paediatric nurses' research utilization.
BACKGROUND
A number of studies have investigated barriers to research utilization among nurses in various countries, and standardized scales have been validated to study this. Reported barriers have been categorized as individual, organizational and environmental, with organizational characteristics generally accounting for more variance. However, information about research utilization among paediatric nurses is lacking.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the research reported here was to investigate barriers to research utilization and relationships between those barriers and participation in research, self-reported research utilization and education among paediatric nurses.


METHODS
A survey of all nurses in a paediatric teaching hospital; 176 nurses (33.3%) responded. Two standardized measures were used, the Barriers Scale and the Edmonton Research Orientation Scale.


RESULTS
Lack of time to read research was the most frequently cited barrier to using research and administrators not allowing implementation was the least frequently cited. Characteristics of the communication and of the setting were more likely to be cited as barriers to research use than were characteristics of the nurse. Nurses who reported higher levels of actual research use were slightly less likely to see characteristics within themselves as barriers. Those who had taken a course about reading or using research were more likely to see the organization as a barrier. Barriers to research use were not associated with self-reported understanding of research.


CONCLUSIONS
These results are congruent with previous findings that implementing research in practice is a complex process. They indicate that individual nurses' knowledge about research may not be as important as the process by which organizations implement research. However, the Barriers Scale measures general perceptions about barriers to research utilization and not nurses' specific experiences with barriers to implementing particular research.
McCleary
Lynn
L
Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. lmccleary@klaru-baycrest.on.ca
Brown
G Ted
GT
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires