title: Investigations into the role of the thyrohyoid muscles in the pathogenesis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate during exercise so that management of this condition could be enhanced.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  That the thyrohyoid muscles play an important role in the stability of the laryngo-palatal relationship and that dysfunction of these muscles leads to dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) during exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill under 4 different treatment conditions: control conditions (n = 10), after resection of thyrohyoid muscles (TH, n = 10), after sham-treatment (n = 5), or after restoration of function of the thyrohyoid muscles with surgical sutures (prosthesis-treatment, n = 6). During trials, the following determinations were made: videoendoscopy of the upper airway, gait frequency and pharyngeal and tracheal static pressures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 10 horses developed DDSP during 2 separate treadmill-exercise trials under the control conditions. Seven of the 10 horses developed DDSP after resection of the TH muscles, 4 of 5 of these horses still experienced DDSP after sham-treatment, but 5 of 6 horses no longer experienced DDSP at exercise after the prosthesis-treatment. There were significant anomalies in airway pressures, respiratory frequency, and occurrence of DDSP in both the TH resection and sham-treatment conditions compared to control conditions. In contrast, no statistical differences were noted in any of the parameters measured between the prosthesis-treatment and control conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  That the function of the TH muscles is important to the stability of the laryngo-palatal relationship and plays a role in the pathophysiology of exercise-induced DDSP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of horses with DDSP could be enhanced by restoring the function of the TH muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ducharme
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Woodie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Soderholm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation