title: Counseling and physical therapy as treatment for myofascial pain of the masticatory system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment regimen comprising counseling and physical therapy in patients with myofascial pain of the masticatory system, and to explore whether the duration of the physical therapy offered (4 vs 6 weeks) would influence the treatment result.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients were randomly distributed over 2 groups. All patients received reassuring information, advice regarding relaxation of the jaws, avoiding parafunctions, and limited use of the jaws. In addition, a physical therapy program (heat application, massage, ultrasound and muscle stretching) was initiated 2 weeks after the start of the study (group I, receiving 4 weeks of physical therapy) or immediately from the start of the study (group II, receiving 6 weeks of physical therapy). The following parameters were taken at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks: visual analog scale (VAS) scores of present pain; lowest and highest pain over the past period; percentage of pain relief; jaw function assessment by the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ); and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the masseter, temporalis, and thumb muscles. Statistical analysis used a linear mixed model and corrected for multiple testing (Tukey test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain and MFIQ scores decreased while PPTs increased in both groups. Only after 4 and 6 weeks, significant differences were present for the PPT of the masseter in group I (P < .02) and the temporalis in both groups (P < .01). Also, the VAS scores of present (P < .02), minimal (P < .01), and maximal (P < .0001) pain and the MFIQ score (P < .001) improved. After 6 weeks, a mean of 60% pain decrease was reported (P < .0001). There were no significant differences between the groups receiving 4 weeks vs 6 weeks of physical therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A conservative approach involving counseling and physical therapy resulted in significant improvement in parameters of pain and jaw function in patients with myofascial pain. A controlled study will be necessary to elucidate the specific effectiveness of physical therapy over counseling or no treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Catholic University Leuven, Capucijnenvoer 7, B-3000 LEUVEN, Belgium. Antoon.DeLaat@med.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Antoon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Laat
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stappaerts
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002012:Bruxism / Q000517:prevention & control; D003376:Counseling; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000503:physiopathology; D008405:Massage; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy