title: Role of paan chewing and dietary habits in cervical carcinoma in Chennai, India.
abstract: Non-viral factors contribute to human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical carcinogenesis. We investigated the role of paan chewing and dietary habits among 205 women with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and 213 age-matched control women in Chennai, India. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed by means of unconditional multiple regression, taking into account major correlates of ICC risk. Paan chewing showed a dose-dependent direct association with ICC (OR for >/=5 paan day(-1)=4.0; 95% CI 1.2-13.3). Among dietary habits, the highest vs lowest intake tertile for vegetables and fruit was associated with an OR of 0.5 (95% CI 0.2-1.0). Low education level and low body weight were also risk factors for ICC, but they did not account for the associations of paan chewing and low vegetable and fruit intake. In the analyses restricted to HPV-positive cases and controls, the inverse association with vegetable and fruit intake was confirmed. Conversely, the adverse influence of paan chewing on ICC risk seemed to be attributable to a higher prevalence of cervical HPV infection in women who chewed.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute (WIA), 18 Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaccarella
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gajalakshmi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharmila
authors.forename: P J F
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: C J L M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herrero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca / Q000633:toxicity; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014026:Nicotiana; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral