Transcriptional analysis of targets in multiple sclerosis.
Large-scale analyses of messenger RNA transcripts and autoantibody responses, taken from the actual sites of disease, provide us with an unprecedented view of the complexity of autoimmunity. Despite an appreciation of the large number of pathways and pathological processes that are involved in these diseases, a few practical targets and several new strategies have emerged from these studies. This review focuses on multiple sclerosis and on the approaches that are being used to identify new targets that might be manipulated to control this disease.
Steinman
Lawrence
L
Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine B002, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. steinman@stanford.edu
Zamvil
Scott
S
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D053495:Osteopontin; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000502:physiology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D053495:Osteopontin