title: Virtual bronchoscopy: comparison of different surface rendering models.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare different representation models of surface-rendered virtual bronchoscopy. 10 consecutive patients with inoperable primary lung tumors underwent thin-section spiral computed tomography. The structures of interest, the tracheobronchial system and anatomical and pathological thoracic structures were segmented using an interactive threshold interval volume-growing segmentation algorithm and visualized with the aid of a color-coded surface rendering method. For virtual bronchoscopy, the tracheobronchial system was visualized using a triangle-surface rendering model, a shaded-surface rendering model and a transparent shaded-surface rendering model. The triangle-surface rendering model allowed optimum detailed spatial representation of the dimensions of extraluminal anatomical and pathological mediastinal structures. As the lumen of the tracheobronchial system was less well defined, the rendering model was of limited use for depiction of the airway surface. The shaded-surface rendering model facilitated an optimum assessment of the airway surface, but the mediastinal structures could not be depicted. The transparent shaded-surface rendering model provides simultaneous adequate to optimum visualization and assessment of the intraluminal airway surface and the extraluminal mediastinal structures as well as a quantitative assessment of the spatial relationship between these structures. Fast data acquisition with a multi-slice detector spiral computed tomography scanner and the use of virtual bronchoscopy with the transparent shaded-surface rendering model obviate the need for time consuming detailed analysis and presentation of axial source images by providing improved the diagnostic imaging of endotracheal and endobronchial diseases and offering a useful alternative to fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. marcus.seemann@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Marcus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seemann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heuschmid
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vollmar
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Küttner
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: Jürgen F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bitzer
authors.forename: Claus D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013499:Surface Properties; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface