title: Growth inhibitory retinoid effects after recruitment of retinoid X receptor beta to the retinoic acid receptor beta promoter.
abstract: Nuclear retinoid receptors mediate retinoid effects through tissue-specific, ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent transcriptional regulation of secondary target genes. Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) is itself a retinoid target gene with a retinoic acid response element (betaRARE) in the 5' untranslated region of the RARbeta2 gene. Altered transcriptional regulation of RARbeta may play a role in human carcinogenesis and the retinoid-responsiveness of malignant cells. Here we used retinoid X receptor-specific antibodies in electrophoretic mobility shift assays to show that the retinoid X receptor beta (RXRbeta) protein was recruited to the betaRARE, after retinoid treatment of retinoid-sensitive neuroblastoma (NB), lung and breast cancer cell lines, but not retinoid-resistant lung and breast cancer cell lines. RXRbeta selectively enhanced retinoid-induced transcriptional activation of the betaRARE. Stable overexpression of RXRalpha and RXRbeta in NB cells resulted in marked growth inhibition and cell death, which increased after retinoid treatment. However, only proteins from the RXRbeta transfectants exhibited specific RXRbeta binding to the betaRARE in vitro and in vivo, enhanced histone acetylation and increased endogenous RARbeta expression. These data indicate that recruitment of RXRbeta to the betaRARE, and consequent induction of endogenous RARbeta expression, is an important component in the retinoid anticancer signal. RXRalpha may also participate in the retinoid signal, but through mechanisms that do not involve RARbeta.
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Belamy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Stewart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Tue
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kavallaris
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009423:Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin