title: Phase retrieval for high-numerical-aperture optical systems.
abstract: We describe a phase retrieval approach for intensity point-spread functions of high-numerical-aperture optical systems such as light microscopes. The method calculates a generalized pupil function defined on a spherical shell, using measured images at several defocus levels. The resultant pupil functionsreproduce measured point-source images significantly better than does an ideal imaging model. Availability of pupil function information will facilitate new approaches to aberration correction in such systems.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Bridget M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hanser
authors.forename: Mats G L
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Agard
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sedat
mesh_terms: D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D055095:Optics and Photonics