title: Management of fibromyalgia.
abstract: Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain, persistent fatigue, nonrestorative sleep, and generalized morning stiffness. The diagnosis is based on patients' reports of pain and fatigue, clinical findings of multiple tender points, and exclusion of a range of connective tissue and other medical disorders. Treatment of fibromyalgia is multidisciplinary with an emphasis on active patient participation, medications, cognitive behavioral therapy, and physical modalities. No single medication has been found to effectively control all the symptoms, and a rational combination of different medications is often necessary. Currently available medication classes include the selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, analgesics, hypnotic agents, and anticonvulsants. Treatment modalities should be individualized for patients based on target symptoms and impairment in functioning. As is the case with several chronic disorders, the treatment is often prolonged and improvement may occur slowly. Patience and positive attitude on part of the physician and active involvement of patients and their families in treatment are likely to enhance improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 210E, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. ashwin.patkar@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: Ashwin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patkar
authors.forename: Louai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.forename: Prakash S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Masand
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010358:Patient Participation; D011379:Prognosis