Live tissue intrinsic emission microscopy using multiphoton-excited native fluorescence and second harmonic generation.
Multicolor nonlinear microscopy of living tissue using two- and three-photon-excited intrinsic fluorescence combined with second harmonic generation by supermolecular structures produces images with the resolution and detail of standard histology without the use of exogenous stains. Imaging of intrinsic indicators within tissue, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, retinol, indoleamines, and collagen provides crucial information for physiology and pathology. The efficient application of multiphoton microscopy to intrinsic imaging requires knowledge of the nonlinear optical properties of specific cell and tissue components. Here we compile and demonstrate applications involving a range of intrinsic molecules and molecular assemblies that enable direct visualization of tissue morphology, cell metabolism, and disease states such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer.
Zipfel
Warren R
WR
Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Williams
Rebecca M
RM
Christie
Richard
R
Nikitin
Alexander Yu
AY
Hyman
Bradley T
BT
Webb
Watt W
WW
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D016874:Neurofibrillary Tangles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017785:Photons; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D009243:NAD; D014801:Vitamin A; D003094:Collagen