title: [11C]-NS 4194 versus [11C]-DASB for PET imaging of serotonin transporters in living porcine brain.
abstract: In vitro, the novel diazabicyclononane NS 4194 has several thousand-fold selectivity for blocking the transport into rat brain synaptosomes of [(3)H]-serotonin in comparison to [(3)H]-dopamine or [(3)H]-noradrenaline. We have prepared [(11)C]-NS 4194 in order to test its properties for PET imaging of brain serotonin transporters in comparison with the well-documented tracer [(11)C]-DASB. Both compounds had rapid clearance from blood to brain of living pigs. The apparent equilibrium distribution volumes in cerebellum were 35 ml g(-1) for [(11)C]-NS 4194 and 11 ml g(-1) for [(11)C]-DASB. Pretreatment of pigs with citalopram did not reduce the uptake of either tracer in cerebellum, validating the use of that tissue as a nonbinding reference tissue for kinetic analysis of specific binding. The binding potential (pB) calculated for [(11)C]-NS 4194 using arterial input models was close to 0.5 in the telencephalon, and was 60% displaced by citalopram. However, the reference tissue method of Lammertsma was unsuited to calculate pB for this tracer, apparently due to its excessive nonspecific binding. In contrast to the relatively homogeneous binding of [(11)C]-NS 4194, the pB of [(11)C]-DASB ranged from 0.6 in frontal cortex to 2 in the mesencephalon when calculated by the method of Lammertsma. Parametric maps of the pB of [(11)C]-DASB showed a pattern consistent with the known distribution of serotonin transporters in pig brain in vitro, and there was a uniform displacement of 80% of the specific binding after citalopram treatment in vivo. In conclusion, [(11)C]-DASB is in several respects superior to [(11)C]-NS 4194 for the detection of serotonin uptake sites by PET.
authors.affiliation: PET Center, Aarhus University Hospitals, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Svend B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Elsebet Ø
authors.initials: EØ
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Gunnar M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scheel-Krüger
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cumming
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001596:Benzylamines; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D013574:Synaptosomes; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015283:Citalopram; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D027981:Symporters; C420885:N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine; C493226:Slc6a2 protein, rat; C493232:Slc6a4 protein, rat