title: Habit reversal versus supportive psychotherapy for Tourette's disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors investigated the efficacy of habit reversal for Tourette's disorder, which is characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with Tourette's disorder were randomly assigned to 14 sessions of either habit reversal or supportive psychotherapy. Habit reversal consisted of awareness training, self-monitoring, relaxation training, competing response training, and contingency management. Changes in severity of Tourette's disorder and psychosocial impairment were investigated over the course of the 14-session treatment for the 29 patients who completed at least eight treatment sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to the 13 patients in the supportive psychotherapy group, the 16 patients in the habit reversal group improved significantly. The habit reversal patients remained significantly improved over pretreatment at 10-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Habit reversal may be an effective behavioral treatment for Tourette's disorder.
authors.affiliation: Massachusett General Hospital, MA 02129, USA. wilhelm@psych.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deckersbach
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bohne
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020323:Tics / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome