title: Is there a difference in the perception of symptoms between african americans and whites with osteoarthritis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there is a difference in the perception of pain and functional disability between African Americans and Whites at any given radiographic severity of osteoarthritis (OA). Ethnic differences in utilization of joint replacement may reflect differences in the perception of symptoms of OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey included 596 male veterans (44% African Americans and 56% Whites) with chronic moderate to severe knee and/or hip pain at the General Medicine Clinics. The average age of the total cohort was 65.63 +/- 9.5 years. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain and function were the primary outcome measures of interest. All knee and or hip radiographs were graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grading system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African Americans and Whites were comparable with respect to age (65 +/- 9.5 vs 66 +/- 9, respectively); body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2 (53.9% vs 58.8%); Lequesne severity score (11 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 4); geriatric depression score (4.5 +/- 3.3 vs 5.0 +/- 3.8) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (2.3 +/- 2 vs 2.5 +/- 2). African Americans had lower socioeconomic status with fewer high school graduates (57% vs 71%, p = 0.001), lower employment rate (8.4% vs 14.7%, p = 0.017), and lower total household incomes (41.4% vs 20.4% reported income < $10,000, p = 0.000). African Americans and Whites were not different in mean scores for WOMAC pain and WOMAC function when stratified by joint space narrowing, osteophyte and Kellgren Lawrence grades. After controlling for important covariates, ethnicity was not a significant predictor of WOMAC pain and function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample of male veterans, African Americans and Whites perceived the same degree of pain and functional difficulties at any given radiographic severity of OA. Differences in the perception of symptoms cannot explain the observed ethnic disparity in utilization of joint replacement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202, USA. Dang@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Said A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Burant
authors.forename: C Kent
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kwoh
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*