title: Parental depression, child mental health problems, and health care utilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small controlled studies suggest that depression and other mental health problems are more common in children of parents with depression than in children of parents without depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article examines relationships between parental depression and children's mental health problems and health care utilization in a nationally representative household sample of parents and their children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional comparisons of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health problems and health expenditures of children whose parents either do or do not report depression in the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative sample of children, 3 to 18 years of age (n = 8,360) with one or more parents living in the household.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mental health problems, total health expenditures, and mental health expenditures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children of parents with depression were approximately twice as likely as children of parents without depression to have a variety of mental health problems and were 2.8 times more likely to use mental health services in adjusted analyses. Among children with health and mental health expenditures, those whose parents report depression had significantly higher mean total annual child health expenditures ($282 vs. $214, t = 3.5, P = 0.0006) and child mental health expenditures ($513 vs. $338, t = 2.0, P = 0.05) than children whose parents did not report depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children of parents with depression are at increased risk for a range of health problems. Parental depression is also related to an increased child health and mental health service utilization and expenditure.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute/Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, USA. mo49@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olfson
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Druss
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alan Pincus
authors.forename: Myrna M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weissman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States