title: Particle size of liposomes influences dermal delivery of substances into skin.
abstract: In the present study, the influence of vesicle size on the penetration of two fluorescently labeled substances into the human skin was investigated. For the measurements either a hydrophilic fluorescent compound [carboxyfluorescein (CF)] or a lipophilic one [1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tertramethylindocarbo-cyanine perchlorate (DiI)] were encapsulated into vesicles. Liposomal formulations were prepared by extruding the vesicles through polycarbonate membrane filters with pores of different sizes. In vitro penetration studies into human abdominal skin were performed by using the Franz diffusion cell and a standardized skin stripping technique in attempt to find an optimum size for topical drug delivery by liposomes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to visualize the effect of penetration ability of liposomal DiI. The maximum DiI fluorescence in the skin was observed with smaller liposomes of 71 nm diameter. The liposomes with a size of 120 nm diameter showed statistically enhanced penetration of CF into the skin as compared to larger ones. The results indicated that the CF penetration was inversely related to the size of the liposomes, which was confirmed by the data of the confocal laser scanning microscopy studies.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, 35037, Marburg, Germany. ddverma@yahoo.com
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahr
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010316:Particle Size; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008081:Liposomes; C024098:6-carboxyfluorescein; C024286:3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine