title: Real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided coronary catheterization in swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can guide coronary artery catheterization in swine via a percutaneous femoral artery approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 12 pigs, we accessed femoral arteries percutaneously. We used 6- or 7-French coronary Judkins catheters filled with dilute 4% gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent and coaxially inserted 0.030-inch diameter active guidewires as endovascular devices. For catheter tracking, we used a 2-dimensional (2D) inversion recovery-prepared spoiled gradient echo sequence at a temporal resolution of 7 frames/s. For guidewire tracking, we used 2D steady-state free precession imaging at a temporal resolution of 9 frames/s. Coronary artery catheterization under MRI guidance was successful in 12/12 pigs. Successful coronary catheterization was verified by obtaining MR angiographic images after direct catheter-based injections of dilute Gd.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time MRI-guided catheterization of coronary arteries in swine is feasible via a percutaneous femoral artery approach. Selective coronary MR angiography can then be performed with dilute contrast agent injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill, USA. romary@radiology.northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Reed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.forename: Jordin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Schirf
authors.forename: Yongzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Debiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D005682:Gadolinium; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D023421:Models, Animal; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium