title: Risk factors for failure and complications of intradiscal electrothermal therapy: a pilot study.
abstract: METHODS
  A bi-institutional, retrospective clinical data analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for failure and complications of intradiscal electrothermal therapy, a treatment for discogenic back pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Intradiscal electrothermal therapy is a relatively new treatment for discogenic back pain. Though previous studies have shown it to be an effective treatment, there are few published studies examining complications and none examining risk factors for failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors treated 79 patients with discogenic back pain using intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Complications were assessed by patient report and, when indicated, further diagnostic testing. Success or failure was determined by visual analogue pain scores at 6-month follow-up. Variables examined for their relationship to failure and complications were age, sex, duration of pain, number of levels heated, smoking history, diabetes, obesity, leg pain, and previous back surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight percent of patients reported more than 50% pain relief at their 6-month follow-up. There were eight complications (10%), most of which were self-limited and transient. The only risk factor associated with intradiscal electrothermal therapy failure was obesity (P = 0.01). Whereas 54% of nonobese patients reported good pain relief at 6 months, only one out of 10 obese patients had successful intradiscal electrothermal therapy. The obese patients in our study were more likely to have a complication from intradiscal electrothermal therapy than they were to obtain pain relief.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The only risk factor found to be associated with IDET outcome was obesity, which was a strong predictor of failure. Obesity should be considered a relative contraindication to performing IDET.
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Center, Department of Anesthesia, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. Steven.Cohen@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.forename: Salahadin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D000075202:Contraindications; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome