title: Shaker K+ channels contribute early nonlinear amplification to the light response in Drosophila photoreceptors.
abstract: We describe the contribution of rapidly inactivating Shaker K+ channels to the dynamic membrane properties of Drosophila photoreceptors. Phototransduction was measured in wild-type and Shaker mutant (Sh14) Drosophila photoreceptors by stimulating with white noise-modulated light contrast and recording the resulting intracellular membrane potential fluctuations. A second-order Volterra kernel series was used to characterize the nonlinear dynamic properties of transduction in the two situations. First-order kernels were indistinguishable in wild-type and Sh14 photoreceptors, indicating that the basic light transduction machinery was always intact. However, second-order kernels of Shaker mutants lacked a large, early amplification, indicating a novel role for Shaker K+ channels in amplifying and accelerating the voltage response of wild-type photoreceptors. A cascade model of two nonlinear static components surrounding one linear dynamic component was able to partially reproduce the experimental responses. Parameters obtained by fitting the model to the experimental data supported the hypothesis that normal Shaker K+ channels contribute an early, positive nonlinearity that partially offsets a later attenuating nonlinearity caused by membrane shunting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4H7, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juusola
authors.forename: Jeremy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Niven
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: French
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate / Q000502:physiology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051637:Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; C496929:Sh protein, Drosophila; D051637:Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels