title: [Renal biopsy in children with isolated microhematuria].
abstract: Isolated microscopic hematuria (IMH) in children always raises the question whether, besides other examinations, there is a need of performing a renal biopsy. Many authors consider IMH to be a minor abnormality where pathologic glomerular changes are not likely to be found, however, general agreement has not yet been achieved. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of renal biopsy to the diagnosis of the disease in IMH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal biopsy was performed in 54 children with IMH (22 boys and 32 girls, mean age 8.2 and 8.5 years, respectively) in whom urologic abnormalities, hypercalciuria, systemic diseases, coagulopathy or overt family history of renal disease were excluded. The mean duration of IMH prior to biopsy was 2.8 years. Biopsy specimens were examined by light (LM), immunofluorescent (IF) and electron microscopy (EM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glomerular abnormalities were found in 43 (79.6%) patients. On LM 18 patients had normal glomeruli (NG), 22 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MEPGN), 9 focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS), 3 focal glomerulonephritis (FGN) and 2 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). IF revealed 2 cases of NG, 5 cases of MEPGN, and all 3 cases of FGN as IgA nephropathy. EM detected GBM changes consistent with Alport syndrome in 21 patients, 7 of them with NG, 9 with MEPGN and 5 with FGS on LM. Diffuse thinning of GBM was found in 10 children, 7 with NG and 3 with MEPGN on LM. In 5 cases subepithelial hump-like deposits, which were considered to be the sign of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in resolution, were found. One of 2 cases of MPGN showed to be type II (DDD). On follow-up, 6 of 21 children with changes consistent with Alport syndrome developed clinical signs of the syndrome. Further surveillance is needed to confirm the significance of EM findings in others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors concluded that in children with IMH renal biopsy is justified and should always be analyzed by light, immunofluorescent and electron microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Referentni centar za djecju nefrologiju Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, Hrvatska.
authors.forename: Danica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Batinić
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sćukanec-Spoljar
authors.forename: Danko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milosević
authors.forename: Ljiljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nizić
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vrljicak
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matković
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies