title: Similar effects of foods high in protein, carbohydrate and fat on subsequent spontaneous food intake in healthy individuals.
abstract: Pre-loads high in protein, as compared to carbohydrate and fat, produce greater satiety and reduce food intake after a fixed time interval. This study investigated the effect of macronutrient composition on spontaneous eating behaviour. On four separate occasions, 16 fasted, healthy, non-obese men, blinded to the true purpose of the study, consumed iso-energetic ( approximately 3MJ) yoghurt-based pre-loads of equivalent weight ( approximately 0.5 kg), high in fat (40%) [HF], carbohydrate (60%) [HC] or protein (29%) [HP], and no pre-load in a randomized, single-blind fashion. Subjects ate at will from a selection of food items for the remainder of the day (7 h) with the time of food requests (h) and energy content (kJ) and macronutrient distribution (%) of food eaten recorded. The three pre-loads delayed the first spontaneous request for food by 1.5-1.8 h relative to no pre-load. Total spontaneous food intake was suppressed 29% [HP], 20% [HF] and 17% [HC] by the pre-loads. Neither the amount of food eaten per spontaneous eating episode, nor the spontaneous eating frequency differed statistically following ingestion of the different pre-loads or no pre-load. In this study, in subjects who were free to choose when as well as how much they ate, a high-protein pre-load exerted similar effects on satiety as did iso-energetic high-fat and high-carbohydrate pre-loads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, 5000, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vozzo
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wittert
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cocchiaro
authors.forename: Wen Chien
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mudge
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins