title: Haematoxylin and eosin staining in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease in Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whereas immunohistochemical methods have been widely used for the diagnosis and classification of Hodgkin's disease in the developed countries, there are very few reports of their use in the developing countries where haematoxylin and eosin is the mainstay of diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Yet the diagnostic accuracy of haematoxylin and eosin has not been assessed in Uganda.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the reliability of haematoxylin and eosin staining in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease using immunohistochemistry as the reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory based cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Makerere University Medical School, Department of Pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty formalin fixed, paraffin embedded biopsies seen in the Makerere University, Department of Pathology from 1980-2000 were studied. The tissue sections, were assessed and subjected to immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies including leucocyte common antigen, LCA (CD45), antibodies to Reed-Sternberg cells (CD15, CD30) and antibodies to B cells (CD20). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were assessed. The overall Kappa score was used to assess the agreement between the two diagnostic tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 240 biopsies, 171(71.3%) were confirmed as Hodgkin's disease by immunohistochemistry. Using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), only 131 of the 171 cases of Hodgkin's disease were detected. The mean age of the 171 cases was 26.1 (SD 16.2) years, with a mode of 20.0 and median of 22.5 years. The 15-24 year age group was the most affected (47.2%). There were more males (65.9%) than females and most were Baganda the dominant tribe in the central region. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of haematoxylin and eosin were 76.61%, 92.75%, 96.32% and 61.53% respectively. The agreement between the two tests was 81.25% with an overall measure of agreement, Kappa, of 0.602.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haematoxylin and eosin has relatively high efficacy in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Use of haematoxylin and eosin is still recommended for the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, reserving the expensive immunohistochemistry for difficult cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Makerere Medical School, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tumwine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wabinga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001706:Biopsy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS) / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006416:Hematoxylin / Q000032:analysis*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin