title: Development of a Spanish version of the Participation Motivation Inventory for young competitive swimmers.
abstract: The present study examined the validity of a Spanish version of the Participation Motivation Inventory, modified for swimming by Gould, Feltz, and Weiss in 1985, and investigated whether young swimmers differing in sex and age vary in their objectives for participation. Swimmers (204 boys and 224 girls, ranging in age from 8 to 22 years) were administered the inventory. Factor analysis with varimax rotation identified seven factors fairly consistent with previous research. Differences were found across age and sex. Females placed greater emphasis than males on Friendship and Fun and indicated lower importance rating to Status. Younger children (8-10 years) rated Fun/Friendship, Competition/Skills, Significant Others, and Status significantly higher in importance than did the other age groups.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of León, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salguero
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Boto
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuero
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Márquez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013550:Swimming; D014175:Translating