title: DEC1 (STRA13) protein expression relates to hypoxia- inducible factor 1-alpha and carbonic anhydrase-9 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1) is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and was recently shown to be regulated by hypoxia. The present immunohistochemical study demonstrates extensive nuclear expression of the protein in 38% of a series of 115 non-small cell lung carcinomas using a polyclonal antibody (Ab) recognizing DEC1 protein. Such expression was directly related to the expression of two hypoxia-regulated proteins, namely the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1alpha and carbonic anhydrase-9. Although DEC1 was not related to angiogenesis or to the expression of VEGF and thymidine phosphorylase, a direct association with up-regulated bFGF receptors was noted. DEC1 was persistently expressed in the nuclei of normal bronchial and alveolar tissue. It is suggested that loss of DEC1 expression is an early event in the development of lung cancer, while DEC1 gene expression occurs in a subset of tumours and parallels the overexpression of other hypoxia-regulated proteins.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece. targ@her.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giatromanolaki
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Koukourakis
authors.forename: Efthimios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sivridis
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turley
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wykoff
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gatter
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C107989:BHLHE40 protein, human; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C089226:CA9 protein, human