title: Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate high-resolution CT (HRCT) parameters of inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc), for correlation with lung function, skin scores and exercise tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 SSc patients (40 women, 48.5+/-13.4 years), underwent thoracic HRCT, lung function assessment, and modified Rodnan skin scores. Exercise tolerance was also graded. HRCT were scored for extent of 4 HRCT patterns of interstitial lung disease (ILD): ground glass opacification (GGO), reticular, mixed and honeycomb pattern in each lobe. Total HRCT score, inflammation index (GGO and mixed score) and fibrosis index (reticular and honeycomb scores) were correlated with lung function and clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ILD was present in 39/45 (86.7%) patients. Abnormal (<80% predicted) forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC) and carbon monoxide diffusion factor (DLco) were detected in 30%, 22% and 46% of patients. Total HRCT score correlated with FVC (r=-0.43, p=0.008), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume) (r=-0.37, p=0.03), TLC (r=-0.47, p=0.003), and DLCO (r=-0.43, p=0.008); inflammatory index with DLCO (r=-0.43, p=0.008) and exercise tolerance (r=-0.39, p < 0.05); and fibrosis index with FVC (r=-0.31, p=0.05) and TLC (r=-0.38, p=0.02). Higher total HRCT score, and inflammation and fibrosis indices were found in patients with abnormal lung function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Qualitative HRCT is able to evaluate inflammation and fibrosis, showing important relationships with diffusion capacity and lung volume, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, SAR China. cgcooi@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: K W T
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Khong
authors.forename: P C W
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: R W S
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed