title: Salivary gland scintigraphy: the use of semiquantitative analysis for uptake and clearance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative analysis of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy has been used in the evaluation of salivary gland function, but so far no one method can be considered optimal for this task. In this study, a semiquantitative method providing 2 functional parameters for objective assessment of salivary gland function by scintillation camera imaging was tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients referred for (99m)Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scanning were studied. Two patients with salivary complaints were also included. Dynamic imaging of the anterior head using a scintillation camera was started after a bolus intravenous injection of 185 MBq (5 mCi) (99m)Tc-pertechnetate at 1 frame per 30 s for 30 min. At 15 min after injection, diluted lemon juice was administered orally. Analysis of the dynamic study included time-activity curves of 4 salivary glands (right and left parotid and right and left submandibular). Two parameters of function were defined: uptake rate, taken as the value of the initial slope of the time-activity curve, and washout fraction, which was the relative mobilizable radioactivity from each salivary gland after ingestion of the sialogogue. A parametric image of the washout fraction was also generated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The images showed gradual uptake in the parotid and submandibular glands. Washout was noted immediately after ingestion of the lemon juice. The pattern of the time-activity curve in all glands showed an early fast-rising part followed by a slow-rising component to nearly a plateau within 6-10 min after injection. The mean value of the uptake rate parameter was 0.10 +/- 0.09 cps/s. There was no significant difference between the parotid and submandibular glands or the right and left sides. Uptake in the parotid gland was 1.5-2 times that in the submandibular gland. The washout fraction was 1.40 +/- 1.60 for the parotid glands and 0.77 +/- 0.41 for the submandibular glands (P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quantitative analysis method including the uptake rate and the washout fraction parameters would enable objective assessment of salivary function and provide a reproducible means for follow-up of functional impairment in certain diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait. loutfi@hsc.kuniv.edu.kw
authors.forename: Issa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Loutfi
authors.forename: Madhusoodanan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Ali K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011859:Radiography; D011865:Radioisotope Dilution Technique; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m