title: A novel pathway for MuSK to induce key genes in neuromuscular synapse formation.
abstract: At the developing neuromuscular junction the Agrin receptor MuSK is the central organizer of subsynaptic differentiation induced by Agrin from the nerve. The expression of musk itself is also regulated by the nerve, but the mechanisms involved are not known. Here, we analyzed the activation of a musk promoter reporter construct in muscle fibers in vivo and in cultured myotubes, using transfection of multiple combinations of expression vectors for potential signaling components. We show that neuronal Agrin by activating MuSK regulates the expression of musk via two pathways: the Agrin-induced assembly of muscle-derived neuregulin (NRG)-1/ErbB, the pathway thought to regulate acetylcholine receptor (AChR) expression at the synapse, and via a direct shunt involving Agrin-induced activation of Rac. Both pathways converge onto the same regulatory element in the musk promoter that is also thought to confer synapse-specific expression to AChR subunit genes. In this way, a positive feedback signaling loop is established that maintains musk expression at the synapse when impulse transmission becomes functional. The same pathways are used to regulate synaptic expression of AChR epsilon. We propose that the novel pathway stabilizes the synapse early in development, whereas the NRG/ErbB pathway supports maintenance of the mature synapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lacazette
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Calvez
authors.forename: Nadesan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gajendran
authors.forename: Hans Rudolf
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D018171:Agrin / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D051268:GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013569:Synapses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018171:Agrin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051268:GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D014157:Transcription Factors; C095714:MUSK protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases