title: Insight into the mechanism of the peptide-based gene delivery system MPG: implications for delivery of siRNA into mammalian cells.
abstract: The improvement of non-viral-based gene delivery systems is of prime importance for the future of gene and antisense therapies. We have previously described a peptide-based gene delivery system, MPG, derived from the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41 protein and the nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) of SV40 large T antigen. MPG forms stable non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids and improves their delivery. In the present work, we have investigated the mechanism through which MPG promotes gene delivery. We demonstrate that cell entry is independent of the endosomal pathway and that the NLS of MPG is involved in both electrostatic interactions with DNA and nuclear targeting. MPG/DNA particles interact with the nuclear import machinery, however, a mutation which affects the NLS of MPG disrupts these interactions and prevents nuclear delivery of DNA. Nevertheless, we show that this mutation yields a variant of MPG which is a powerful tool for delivery of siRNA into mammalian cells, enabling rapid release of the siRNA into the cytoplasm and promoting robust down-regulation of target mRNA. Taken together, these results support the potential of MPG-like peptides for therapeutic applications and suggest that specific variations in the sequence may yield carriers with distinct targeting features.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Département de Biophysique, FRE-2593 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.forename: May C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heitz
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Divita
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; C475074:MPG peptide; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins