title: Effect of glycaemic control on the vascular nitric oxide system in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms underlying the relationship between the vascular complications of diabetes and the glycaemic control are not well understood. We tested whether glycaemic control influences the functioning of the nitric oxide system in type 1 diabetic patients and the role for oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The changes in the forearm blood flow after the infusion in the brachial artery of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine, methacholine, methacholine plus superoxide dismutase, and nitroprusside were evaluated using strain gauge plethysmography in 14 healthy subjects and 24 patients with type 1 diabetes (12 with HbA(1c) < 7.5%; 12 with HbA(1c) > or = 7.5%). After adjusting insulin treatment, the vascular studies were repeated in the initially poorly controlled patients (HbA(1c) > or = 7.5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy people, impaired vascular responses to NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (P = 0.0001), methacholine (P = 0.007) and nitroprusside (P = 0.0015) were found in the patients with type 1 diabetes and a poor glycaemic control (HbA(1c) >/= 7.5%), but not in subjects with good control (HbA(1c) < 7.5%). Superoxide dismutase improved the responses to methacholine only in those patients with poor control (P = 0.0037). After the adjustment of the insulin treatment in poorly-controlled patients, the responses improved and the effect of superoxide dismutase disappeared only in the patients that achieved good control (n = 9), but not in those who remained poorly-controlled (n = 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with diabetes type 1, glycaemic control determines the functioning of the NO system by a reversible mechanism involving superoxide anions. This finding provides an explanation of the relationship between glycaemic control and vascular complications in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Leocadio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Mañas
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López-Dóriga
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petidier
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neira
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solís
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pavón
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peiró
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010991:Plethysmography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D013481:Superoxides; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase