title: A pilot trial of olanzapine for the treatment of cocaine dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple lines of evidence suggest both dopaminergic and serotonergic involvement in the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Medications such as olanzapine, which block dopamine D2 receptors, as well as serotonin receptors 5HT2A and 5HT2C may be able to reduce cocaine use in cocaine dependent patients by reducing the euphoric effects of cocaine and attenuating cocaine craving.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 12-week, double blind, placebo controlled, pilot trial involving 30 cocaine dependent subjects. Subjects received either olanzapine (10 mg/day) or identical placebo. Outcome measures included treatment retention, qualitative urine benzoylecgonine tests, cocaine craving, clinical global impression scores, and results from the addiction severity index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment retention was slightly, but significantly, better in the placebo-treated subjects. Placebo-treated subjects were more likely to be abstinent from cocaine during the trial compared to olanzapine-treated subjects, based on urine benzoylecgonine results. Olanzapine was not superior to placebo in any outcome measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this trial do not support the usefulness of olanzapine for the treatment of cocaine dependence. In fact, olanzapine may worsen cocaine treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. kampman_k@mail.trc.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Kyle M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kampman
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pettinati
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Thorne
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sparkman
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003042:Cocaine; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C005618:benzoylecgonine