title: Congruence of readiness to change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance for physical activity and dietary fat reduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study examines the relations between decisional balance and self-efficacy variables on stage of change between the behaviors of avoiding dietary fat and increasing exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study took place in public primary care clinics from four sites across Louisiana. Clinics were associated with teaching hospitals and located in urban and rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 515 adult outpatients, 60% African-American, 81% women, and 43% married. The age ranged from 18 to 87 years old, and the mean age was 45 (SD = 14). Patients were predominantly low-income (mean household income of $490 per month) and uninsured (71%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard questionnaires were given to asses stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy for exercise and dietary fat reduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the chi 2 analysis revealed that dietary fat and exercise stage of change were significantly related, Pearson chi 2 (df = 16) = 74.30, p < .001, 35% of the sample was stage incongruent between behaviors (e.g., a significant percentage of exercise maintainers were precontemplators for reducing dietary fat). Only 27% of the sample was in the same stage for both behaviors. Correlations and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) indicated that relationships between behaviors were similar to those found previously within behaviors; however, the effect sizes were markedly attenuated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results have implications for healthcare providers working with weight management. Accurate assessment of readiness for change for both exercise and dietary fat consumption is critical. For many patients, readiness for change differs dramatically between the two behaviors, and interventions may need to be tailored more precisely. Providers may need to use more active, behaviorally focused interventions for the more advanced behavior while simultaneously implementing more cognitively focused interventions for the less advanced one.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Hospital in Camden, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Edwin D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Boudreaux
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehan
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scarinci
authors.forename: Cindy L Carmack
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brantley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D035841:Behavioral Research; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000523:psychology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011320:Primary Health Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats