title: Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cognitive function in aging women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and cognitive decline in young-old women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors prospectively studied 16,128 Nurses' Health Study participants, aged 70 to 81 years at baseline, who provided information on NSAID use and potential confounders in biennial questionnaires from 1976 through 1998. From 1995 through 2001, we administered, by telephone, six tests of cognitive function, including the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS). Second interviews were begun 2 years later and completed on 13,255 women to date. The authors used multiple logistic regression to estimate relative risks (RR) of low baseline scores (defined as the bottom 10%) and substantial decline (worst 10%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to never users, the RR was 0.75 (95% CI 0.59, 0.96) for a low baseline TICS score with current aspirin use of 15+ years duration, and 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 1.02) for current use of NSAID (primarily ibuprofen) lasting 8+ years. Results for aspirin users were weaker on other tests, but long-term ibuprofen users had a RR of 0.75 (95% CI 0.56, 1.00) for a low baseline global score (combination of all six tests). The RR for substantial global cognitive decline was 0.93 (95% CI 0.68, 1.26) with long-term aspirin use, and 0.77 (95% CI 0.57, 1.05) with long-term ibuprofen use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these young-old women, current, long-term NSAID users, especially of nonaspirin agents, showed reduced odds of low cognitive function and possibly lower rates of substantial cognitive decline over 2 years. Continued follow-up will help determine if associations differ at older ages.
authors.affiliation: Channing Lab, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA. nhjhk@channing.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grodstein
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011584:Psychology; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D001241:Aspirin; D007052:Ibuprofen