title: A pilot study comparing two methods of intermittent catheterization: limitations and challenges.
abstract: Given a complex research design, a pilot study was conducted to compare a closed catheter system for intermittent catheterization to the traditional open system. Based on 33 urine samples for 11 subjects, the closed system yielded fewer positive cultures. Efforts to obtain this preliminary data proved beneficial in identifying unanticipated design limitations that will guide modifications of the main study, which will include multiple centers.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Rene A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Katherine N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Marilyn K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Albers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001207:Asepsis / Q000379:methods; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing; D016482:Urinalysis; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology