title: Molecular signatures of urinary cells distinguish acute rejection of renal allografts from urinary tract infection.
abstract: Acute rejection (AR) and urinary tract infection (UTI) continue to plague renal transplantation. We tested the hypotheses that UTI does not increase granzyme B mRNA levels in urinary cells, and that the levels distinguish AR from UTI. We measured the levels of granzyme B mRNA in 15 urine specimens from renal allograft recipients with UTI, 29 specimens from patients with AR but without UTI, and 14 specimens from patients without AR and without UTI. We also measured transcript levels in urine specimens from 41 nontransplant individuals, 11 with UTI and 30 without UTI. UTI did not increase granzyme B mRNA levels. Granzyme B mRNA levels were lower in renal allograft recipients with UTI compared with those with AR (P<0.0001). We conclude that bacterial UTI is unlikely to confound AR diagnosis made by measurement of granzyme B mRNA levels in urinary cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Darshana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dadhania
authors.forename: Thangamani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muthukumar
authors.forename: Ruchuang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Baogui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Choli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartono
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serur
authors.forename: Surya V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Seshan
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Sandip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: Manikkam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suthanthiran
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D053804:Granzymes; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000652:urine*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C509213:GZMB protein, human; D053804:Granzymes; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases