title: Telemedicine in ophthalmology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To give an overview of telemedical applications in ophthalmology and to provide background information on new tele-ophthalmological applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a literature review, a database search and an Internet search.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to published research, the cost-efficiency of telemedicine in ophthalmology has not been established. It has been found to have educational benefits and patients have been satisfied with the possibility of obtaining specialist care without having to travel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most studies have been pilot studies and telemedicine is still seldom the primary mode of operation. Technical problems have not been significant, but many open questions about organizational and operational issues remain. Further studies should be directed towards solving these problems and establishing technical standards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland Primary Health Care Centre, Ikaalinen, Finland. heikki.lamminen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lamminen
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Voipio
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruohonen
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
mesh_terms: D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000191:economics; D012106:Research; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods