title: Mood, eating attitudes, and anger in obese women with and without Binge Eating Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the anger levels and their management in obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 obese women [51 with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and 52 without BED] were included in the study and compared to 93 healthy controls. They were assessed with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BDI score is higher in obese subjects than in controls and obese binge eaters have higher levels of depression than obese patients without BED. Differences among the three groups can be found in almost all subscales of the EDI-2, even after controlling for the variable depression (BDI). For STAXI, the only difference among the three groups, which remains significant after controlling for depression, is the tendency to express anger outside (AX-OUT), which is higher in obese binge eaters. The correlation study highlights the importance of impulsivity in the group of obese binge eaters, whereas in obese patients without BED, the tendency toward anger suppression (AX-IN) is seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese patients with BED might be considered a subgroup deserving greater psychiatric interest, both for the greater severity of the eating disorder and for the comorbidity with subthreshold depressive symptoms and with borderline personality traits. In obese patients without BED, eating behavior seems more correlated to the psychological functioning typical of psychosomatic disorders. Implications for treatment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Section, Service for Eating Disorders, Psychiatry Institute, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 11, 10126 Turin, Italy. secondo.fassino@unito.it
authors.forename: Secondo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fassino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leombruni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierò
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbate-Daga
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giacomo Rovera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000786:Anger; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002032:Bulimia / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index