title: Secretion of endogenous kallikreins 2 and 3 by androgen receptor-transfected PC-3 prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Androgen independent PC-3 cells lack androgen receptor (AR) expression and do not produce kallikrein 2 (hK2) or 3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA). In this paper, we examined the ability of androgens to stimulate PSA and hK2 production in AR transfected PC-3 cells (PC-3(AR)) and compared this to LNCaP cells. PSA and hK2 were measured in the culture medium and cell lysates using an ELISA-based immunofluorometric assay. Only androgens were able to induce PSA and hK2 secretion in PC-3(AR) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner depending on the level of AR present. The level of androgen-induced PSA and hK2 secretion in PC-3(AR) cells was approximately 1.5 and 0.9% that induced in LNCaP cells, respectively. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which has been shown to activate AR in the absence of ligand, did not activate PSA secretion in the absence of androgen, but further increased the dihydrotestosterone-induced PSA secretion in PC-3(AR) cells. The lack of PSA and hK2 production in parental PC-3 cells is thus a result of their lack of AR expression. PSA and/or hK2 production in PC-3(AR) cells can thus serve as an endogenous reporter system to investigate AR action or to screen putative endocrine disrupters.
authors.affiliation: Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Suite 876, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X5.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kollara
authors.forename: Eleftherios P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Diamandis
authors.forename: Theodore J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen