title: Biotechnological applications of green fluorescent protein.
abstract: Since its first use as a reporter gene in 1994, green fluorescent protein (GFP) has served as the researcher's agent: slipping, virtually undetected, into unseen spaces, reporting back valuable information, and securing the delivery of precious cargo through hostile domains. GFP's strength lies in its small size, formidable stability, and relative ease of use. It requires only oxygen and an energy source to do its work, which can be supplied at low cost and high precision, respectively. With such a low threshold for use, GFP is often the first line of inquiry into an unknown space. Here is provided a brief compendium of GFP's contributions to biotechnology. They are linked by a need for a level of information that was previously inaccessible, both spatially and temporally. Protein fusions, transcriptional reporters, whole-organism visualization, and various other screening applications are reviewed with respect to biotechnological applications. Germane molecular improvements to GFP are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bentley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins