title: Submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum biomass and immunostimulatory effects of fungal polysaccharides.
abstract: Original Ganoderma lucidum strain MZKI G97 isolated from Slovenian forests was cultivated in a liquid substrate based on potato dextrose and olive oil. The influences of inoculum and oxygen partial pressure in batch and fed batch cultivation in a 10-l laboratory stirred tank reactor were studied. Fungal biomass was found to be oxygen and shear sensible. Using a 17% (wet weight) 6 days old vegetative inoculum, 9.6 g l(-1) of dry biomass in batch cultivation and 15.2 g l(-1) in fed batch process were obtained. Extracellular (9.6 g l(-1)) and intracellular (6.3 g l(-1)) polysaccharide fractions were isolated. Extracellular polysaccharide fraction and four intracellular polysaccharide fractions were obtained. Polysaccharides were further separated by ion-exchange, gel and affinity chromatography. The isolated polysaccharides were mainly beta-D-glucanes. Immunostimulatory effects of isolates were tested on induction of cytokine (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)) synthesis in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from a buffy coat. The TNF-alpha inducing activity is comparable with romurtide, which has been used as a supporting therapy in cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. marin.berovic@ki.si.
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berovic
authors.forename: Jozica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Habijanic
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zore
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wraber
authors.forename: Damjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hodzar
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boh
authors.forename: Franc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pohleven
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha