title: Lymphoproliferative disorders in Oxford renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased cancer incidence, particularly lymphoproliferative disease, is a complication of immunosuppression in organ transplantation. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) occur frequently during the first year after transplantation, more so in North America than in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study audited and correlated the demographic, clinical, pathological, and outcome features of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) in a large centre in Oxford, and assessed whether the time of onset fitted more with the European or North American pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1383 renal transplants in the study period and 27 patients developed lymphoma: 26 NHLs and one Hodgkin's disease (1.95%). Four of the patients never received cyclosporin. The mean time of diagnosis after transplant was 46 months. Most tumours (21/27) presented extranodally. Management included reduction of immunosuppression, surgical excision, antiviral treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Three patients presented in the first post-transplant year-0.34% of cyclosporin managed patients-similar to the North American incidence, although the incidence of extranodal late PTLDs was also high (mean onset, 36 months v 15 months international mean). Post-transplant lymphomas were the most common malignancy associated with death in transplant patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTLDs occurred in 2% of renal transplant patients, presenting both in the first year in association with cyclosporin use, as in North America, but also in subsequent years, giving an overall presentation time later than the international mean. The disease usually presented extranodally, accounting for the wide range of symptoms and signs. Despite awareness and active management, the disease contributed to death in more that 50% of patients with PTLDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: D W R
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chetty
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gatter
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine