title: Perioperative pain control.
abstract: There are many options for perioperative pain control available to surgeons. Given these options, adequate levels of analgesia should be achieved and maintained in all surgical patients. Data suggest that analgesia may be improved by combining different analgesic approaches. To avoid high-dose requirements, dose-dependent adverse effects, and potential toxicity associated with reliance on one agent or technique, "balanced" or multimodal analgesic regimens have been advocated. A multimodal recovery program consists of three major components: (1) early mobilization, (2) complete perioperative analgesia, and (3) early oral nutrition. The goal of multimodal programs is to accelerate patient rehabilitation and reduce hospital stays. Balanced multimodal programs are the present and future of perioperative pain control and will enhance patient care.
authors.affiliation: Grant Podiatric Surgical Residency Program, Department of Medical Education, Grant Medical Center, 111 S. Grant Avenue, Columbus, OH 43215, USA. tdavy170392@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Trevor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Davy
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000842:Ankle / Q000601:surgery*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005528:Foot / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011032:Podiatry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009294:Narcotics