title: Orbital fractures in craniofacial trauma in Göteborg: trauma scoring, operative techniques, and outcome.
abstract: In the 10-year period 1986-1996, 85 patients were admitted to our unit with craniofacial injuries, 56 of whom had orbital fractures. These were studied with respect to the type of injury, type and location of fracture, presence of ocular and intracranial injury, and associated injuries to the head and body, as well as operative techniques used. Both the patient's and the surgeon's opinion on the aesthetic result were noted. The patients were also given a questionnaire about their quality of life after the injury. Road traffic crashes accounted for 31 (55%) of the injuries, falls for 9 (15%), and horse-riding for 6 (11%). The Injury Severity Score (ISS) ranged from 4 to 41 (mean 18). Twelve also had eye injuries, which resulted in complete blindness in one eye in 4 (7%). Thirty patients had 41 neurological injuries (54%), frontal contusions being the most frequent diagnosis (n = 15). Exact repositioning with rigid fixation included bone grafting to the orbit in 11 patients, and the dominating bone graft was split calvarium (n = 5). Forty-two patients completed a questionnaire, 26 of whom (64%) had no aesthetic complaints. Seven of the 42 were too disabled to work one year after the injury. Re-exploration was infrequent and the aesthetic outcome, both in the surgeon's and the patient's opinion, was good. However, the older the patient, the worse the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. fredrik.gewalli@plast.gu.se
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gewalli
authors.forename: Pelle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sahlin
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guimarães-Ferreira
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013548:Sweden; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome