title: Shoulder pain and the overhand athlete.
abstract: There has been much controversy surrounding the issue of shoulder pain and the overhand athlete. Several hypotheses have been suggested as to the cause of the shoulder pain--subacromial impingement, anterior capsular laxity, internal or posterosuperior impingement, traction injury, and scapular imbalance. Treatment for the patient depends on the specific cause of the pain. As always, a full routine of nonoperative therapeutic measures should be administered before resorting to surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruotolo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: Suk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namkoong
authors.forename: Bruce P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Meinhard
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003654:Deceleration; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery