title: Comparison of hangover effects among triazolam, flunitrazepam and quazepam in healthy subjects: a preliminary report.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare the hangover effects of night-time administration of triazolam (0.25 mg), flunitrazepam (1 mg) and quazepam (15 mg) in healthy subjects. Daytime sleepiness and performance level following the night-time administration of the drugs were assessed using Standford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ), Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), actigraphy recordings and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Fifteen healthy volunteers were given one of the three hypnotics at each drug session, which lasted for 1 week, in a single-blind cross-over fashion. No significant between-drug difference was observed for the psychomotor performance assessed by CPT. Subjective hangover effects assessed by SSS and SEQ in the morning were prominent for flunitrazepam and quazepam relative to triazolam, whereas objective indices such as MSLT or activity counts obtained in actigraphy indicated a marked hangover effect of quazepam compared with the other two compounds restrictively in the afternoon, which were nearly in accordance with their pharmacokinetic profiles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. taro5150@sb3.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Tempei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagome
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamijima
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014229:Triazolam / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D014229:Triazolam; D005445:Flunitrazepam; C025130:quazepam