title: Radiology residency call in the northeastern United States: comparison of difficulty and frequency in programs of different size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop objective measures of residency call frequency and difficulty, to establish mean values for the northeastern United States, and to test those values for correlation with program size.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey questionnaire was sent to 104 radiology residency programs in the northeastern United States. The programs were classified according to number of residents, as small (< 11 residents), medium-sized (11-20 residents), large (21-30 residents), or very large (> or = 31 residents). The call difficulty index was defined as the number of emergency examinations per resident per year. Call frequency indexes were defined as the numbers of evenings and of nights during the 4-year residency when residents were scheduled for call.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average call difficulty index and standard deviation for the respondent programs was 3,855 +/- 1,779. The average call frequency index and standard deviation for evenings was 140 +/- 53 and for nights was 120 +/- 59. A significant negative correlation was found between program size on one hand and call difficulty index (r = -0.36, P = .01), evening call frequency index (r = -0.29, P = .033), and night call frequency index (r = -0.51, P < .001) on the other. Residents in small programs could expect to be on call 192 evenings and 192 nights in the 4-year residency and to perform 4,866 emergency examinations per year, as opposed to the 110 evenings and 89 nights on call and the 3,213 emergency examinations that residents in very large programs could expect. In other words, the smaller the program, the more calls residents can expect to take, and the more emergency examinations they will interpret.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean call difficulty and off-hours call frequency indexes established for residency programs of different size in the Northeast demonstrate increasing call difficulty and increasing off-hours call frequency with decreasing program size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rozenshtein
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bauman-Fishkin
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fishkin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Homel
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*; D014481:United States