title: Stimulation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in rats by repeated inhalation of aerosolized lipopeptide MALP-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a part of the integrated mucosal immune system. It may play an important functional role for antigen uptake and induction of specific immune reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to induce or modulate BALT by the repetitive inhalation of the synthetic lipopeptide MALP-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Lewis rats (245 +/- 19 g) inhaled 25 microg of MALP-2 six times at intervals of 1 week. One week after the last inhalation, they were sacrificed. Cells of the bronchoalveolar lavage and the left lung were investigated by flow cytometry. The middle lobe of the right lung was embedded in paraffin. BALT was semiquantitatively measured in 15 serial cross sections per animal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After repetitive inhalation of the diluent as well as MALP-2, BALT was found. The total area was increased after repetitive treatment with MALP-2. In addition, the preferential incidence of BALT was higher after MALP-2 application, in association with a bronchial diameter of 0.6-1 mm. The cellular analysis revealed no differences in the number of leukocyte subsets between the control and MALP-2 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MALP-2 is a potent local stimulator and can be used to modulate BALT by repetitive inhalant treatment. The functional significance of enlarged or activated BALT has to be elucidated in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. luehrmann.anke@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lührmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tschernig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pabst
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000336:Aerosols; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; C106335:macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2