title: Show me the substrates: modulation of host cell function by type IV secretion systems.
abstract: Evidence for the involvement of type IV protein secretion systems in bacterial virulence is accumulating. Many of the substrate proteins secreted by type IV systems either hijack or interfere with specific host cell pathways. These substrates can be injected directly into host cells via the type IV apparatus or are secreted by the type IV machinery in a state that allows them to gain access to cellular targets without the further assistance of the type IV system. Arguably, the protein substrates of most type IV secretion systems remain undiscovered. Here, we review the activities of known type IV substrates and discuss the putative roles of unidentified substrates.
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Room 354b, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008954:Models, Biological; D021381:Protein Transport; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins