title: Caveolin-1 and caveolin-2,together with three bone morphogenetic protein-related genes, may encode novel tumor suppressors down-regulated in sporadic follicular thyroid carcinogenesis.
abstract: Thyroid cancer is common, occurring in 1% of the general population. The relative frequencies of two of the most common subtypes of thyroid carcinoma, follicular (FTC) and papillary (PTC), vary depending on the regional prevalence of iodine deficiency. Although PTC has been more extensively studied, the etiology of sporadic FTC is poorly understood. To further elucidate this, we conducted microarray expression comparison of FTC tumors and normal thyroid tissue. Three commonly down-regulated genes, caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and GDF10/BMP3b, were chosen for further study on the basis of their localization to two chromosomal regions, 7q31.1 and 10q11.1, that commonly show loss of heterozygosity in FTC. Two additional genes, glypican-3 and a novel chordin-like gene, were also analyzed in view of their involvement in bone morphogenetic protein signaling and possible interaction with GDF10. Each of these five genes was down-regulated in >or=15 of 19 FTC tumors (79%) by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Caveolin-1 showed preferential down-regulation of its beta-isoform at both the mRNA and protein level, suggesting a distinct function for this isoform. Caveolin-1 is of particular functional interest because it has been shown to interact with PTEN, the tumor suppressor gene mutated in Cowden syndrome, an inherited multiple hamartoma syndrome that includes predisposition to FTC. Immunohistochemical analysis of 141 thyroid tumors of various histological types showed significantly fewer caveolin-1-positive tumors in FTCs, including insular type tumors, and Hurthle cell carcinomas in comparison with normal thyroid. PTC and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas did not show significant down-regulation, and thus, caveolin-1 may become a useful molecular marker to differentiate the various histologies of thyroid malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Micheala A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aldred
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ginn-Pease
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Popkie
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gimm
authors.forename: Cuong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoang-Vu
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dralle
authors.forename: Sissy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jhiang
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plass
authors.forename: Charis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eng
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055398:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051242:Caveolin 1; D051243:Caveolin 2; D022461:Caveolins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D055413:Growth Differentiation Factor 10; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C525757:BMP3 protein, human; D055398:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D051243:Caveolin 2; D022461:Caveolins; C525785:GDF10 protein, human; D055413:Growth Differentiation Factor 10; D012333:RNA, Messenger