title: Cutting edge: Monarch-1: a pyrin/nucleotide-binding domain/leucine-rich repeat protein that controls classical and nonclassical MHC class I genes.
abstract: Proteins containing a limited number of N-terminal motifs followed by nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat regions are emerging as important regulators for immunity. A search of human genome scaffold databases has identified a large family of known and unknown genes, which we have recently called the CATERPILLER (caspase recruitment domain, transcription enhancer, r(purine)-binding, pyrin, lots of leucine repeats) gene family. This work describes the characterization of a new member, Monarch-1. Monarch-1 has four different splice forms due to the differential splicing of leucine-rich repeat motifs. It is expressed in cells of myeloid-monocytic origin. Affymetrix microarrays and small interfering RNA were used to elucidate the downstream effects of Monarch-1 expression in cells including those of myeloid-monocytic origin. These analyses show that Monarch-1 enhances nonclassical and classical MHC class I expression at the level of the promoter, RNA, and protein expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Kristi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Taxman
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Linhoff
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Jenny P-Y
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ting
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007930:Leucine; D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011685:Purine Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000071198:Pyrin; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; C000604192:MEFV protein, human; C476731:NLRP12 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D011685:Purine Nucleotides; D000071198:Pyrin; D007930:Leucine