title: Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the correlation between the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic carotid plaques, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were enrolled; 18 of the 51 patients had symptomatic disease, whereas 33 had asymptomatic disease. Detection of C pneumoniae DNA in atherosclerotic carotid plaques, lymph nodes, and PBMCs was performed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C pneumoniae antibodies were measured with a microimmunofluorescence test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C pneumoniae DNA in atherosclerotic carotid plaques was detected in 44.4% of patients with symptomatic disease and in 30.3% of those with asymptomatic disease (P =.48). C pneumoniae DNA in lymph nodes was detected in 33.3% of patients with symptomatic disease and 18.2% of those with asymptomatic disease (P =.19). Prevalence of C pneumoniae DNA in PBMCs was significantly higher in patients with symptomatic disease (72.2%) compared with those with asymptomatic disease (30.3%) (P =.01). Serologic results support the association between C pneumoniae DNA in PBMCs and symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease, because seropositivity for anti-chlamydial immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies was significantly higher in PCR-positive PBMCs in patients with symptomatic disease compared with patients with asymptomatic disease (P =.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of C pneumoniae in PBMCs shows that C pneumoniae may be associated with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease. Although we believe there is need for standardization of PCR methods and for assessing sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the tests, we suggest that presence of C pneumoniae DNA in PBMCs is a valid surrogate marker of risk for endovascular chlamydial infection. Only long-term cohort studies and interventional trials will clarify the etiopathogenic role of C pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, La Sapienza University, Roma, Italy. rosa.sessa@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sessa
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Pietro
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schiavoni
authors.forename: Iolanda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santino
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benedetti-Valentini
authors.forename: Rosangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Piano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012698:Serologic Tests; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G