title: Expression and function of pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-17 and IL-17 receptor in normal, benign hyperplastic, and malignant prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate factors involved in inflammation of the prostate besides IL-15, we screened prostatic cells and tissues for IL-17 and IL-17 receptor expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal prostate (n = 1), BPH (n = 19), and carcinoma (CaP, n = 12) specimens were screened for IL-17, IL-17 receptor, CD45, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression. The carcinoma cell lines DU145, PC3, LNCaP, and BPH-epithelial (EC), stromal cell (SC) preparations, and BPH-T-cell lines were analyzed for IL-17 production by RT-PCR and ELISA. The effect of IL-17 on IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta1, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) mRNA expression and/or release of SC was analyzed using real-time PCR and/or ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize both IL-17 and IL-17 receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normal prostate, IL-17 expression was very weak and restricted to lymphocytes. In 79% of BPH and 58% of CaP specimens, IL-17 mRNA and protein expression was increased. IL-17 mRNA expression could be shown for activated BPH-T-cells and to some extend for BPH-EC. Expression of IL-17 receptor was ubiquitous. Release of IL-17 was shown only for activated BPH-T-cells. IL-17 stimulated expression of IL-6 (13-fold) and IL-8 (26-fold) by prostatic BPH-SC. In situ, however, the amount of IL-17mRNA in BPH-tissue did not correlate with the amount of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA. In CaP tissue, significant correlation was found only between the amount of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activated BPH-T-cells abundantly express IL-17. The increase of IL-17 in BPH-tissues goes hand in hand with elevated levels of IL-15, a pro-inflammatory cytokine with T-cell growth factor properties. A clinical relevance of increased IL-17 expression under pathological conditions is suggested by the demonstration of significant upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production of prostatic SC by IL-17.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. georg.steiner@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Georg E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paikl
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stix
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Memaran-Dagda
authors.forename: Chung
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053722:Receptors, Interleukin-17; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C109985:IL17RA protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053722:Receptors, Interleukin-17; D011994:Recombinant Proteins