title: Prognostic role of apoptotic, Bcl-2, c-erbB-2 and p53 tumor markers in salivary gland malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical characteristics and survival probability rate of 36 patients with salivary gland malignancies and 10 patients with benign salivary tumors were summarized in relation to the immunohistological analysis of the tumor, apoptotic-related markers and apoptosis rate. The expression of the markers examined - Bcl-2, c-erbB-2, p53 - was detected in paraffin sections of the tumors by the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method following heat-induced antigen retrieval, and the apoptosis rate was determined by the TUNEL method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 5-year survival probability was 61% for patients with malignant tumors and 100% for those with benign tumors. The survival probability of patients over 60 at diagnosis was significantly lower than that of younger patients. Patients whose malignant tumors were larger than 2 cm at diagnosis had worse survival than those with smaller tumors. The survival probability of patients whose malignant tumors were located in the submandibular glands was significantly lower than that of patients whose malignancies were located in the parotid and minor salivary glands. The survival probability of patients who demonstrated positive staining for c-erbB- 2 or TUNEL was lower than for those with negative staining. Gender, the existence of concomitant non-salivary malignancies and ethnic origin had no significant impact on survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated significant positive staining in the salivary tumorigenic tissue but not in the surrounding non-tumorigenic tissue examined for TUNEL, c-erbB-2, Bcl-2 and p53, pointing to a biological role for all four markers in the tumorigenic process which is yet to be elucidated. Significant reduction in survival was related to the specific location of the tumor in the submandibular gland, its size and older age of patient. Survival was also found to be significantly reduced when positive staining was demonstrated in the tumor tissue for TUNEL or c-erbB-2, more so for concomitant positive staining of both markers. Clinically, the most important result of the current study is that the survival rate of the patients examined with salivary tumors larger than 2 cm, with positive staining for both TUNEL and c-erbB-2, was 0 (p = 0.0001)!
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. nagler@tx.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Rafael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nagler
authors.forename: Hedviga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerner
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben-Eliezer
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Minkov
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ben-Itzhak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis*; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53