title: Feline interstitial cystitis results in mechanical hypersensitivity and altered ATP release from bladder urothelium.
abstract: ATP can be released from a variety of cell types by mechanical stimulation; however, the mechanism for this release and the influence of pathology are not well understood. The present study examined intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in swelling-evoked (exposure to a hypotonic solution) release of ATP in urothelial cells from normal cats and cats diagnosed with interstitial cystitis (feline interstitial cystitis; FIC). Using the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescent assay, we demonstrate that swelling-evoked ATP release is significantly elevated in FIC cells. In both normal and FIC cells, ATP release was significantly decreased (mean 70% decrease) by application of blockers of stretch-activated channels (amiloride or gadolinium), as well as brefeldin A and monensin (mean 90% decrease), suggesting that ATP release occurs when ATP-containing vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane. Swelling-evoked release was reduced after removal of external calcium (65%), and release was blocked by incubation with BAPTA-AM or agents that interfere with internal calcium stores (caffeine, ryanodine, heparin, or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate). In addition, agents known to act through inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptors (thapsigargin, acetylcholine) release significantly more ATP in FIC compared with normal urothelium. Taken together, these results suggest that FIC results in a novel hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli that may involve alterations in IP3-sensitive pathways.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Laboratory of Epithelial Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. lbirder@pitt.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Birder
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Barrick
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Roppolo
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: de Groat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buffington
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002415:Cats; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015398:Signal Transduction; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium