title: Patient characteristics associated with nonprescription drug use in intentional overdose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Over-the-counter (OTC) medications remain freely available to suicidal patients, despite their potential lethality and common use in suicide. The study's main objective was to identify patient characteristics, particularly psychiatric diagnosis associated with the use of OTC medications in intentional overdose.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 95 charts from patients who presented to St Paul's Hospital from August 1, 1997, to July 31, 1998, with a discharge diagnosis of intentional drug overdose. Univariate analysis was carried out to identify potential risk markers for OTC medication use, and logistic regression was performed using these variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the variables age, sex, and concurrent psychiatric diagnoses were controlled, use of OTC medications in overdose was significantly lower in patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of substance abuse (OR 0.11, P = 0.005) and in those who possessed prescription medications at the time of overdose (OR 0.18, P = 0.007). Most patients in this cohort (82%) had at least 1 of these 2 traits. Although not statistically significant, younger patients appeared more likely to choose OTC medications for overdose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suicide-prone patients with a diagnosis of substance abuse and who possess prescription medications are unlikely to use OTC medications in overdose. For this cohort, this represents a relatively small proportion of patients whom clinicians should consider to be at greater risk for attempting suicide when using OTC medication, especially acetaminophen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, St Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6. alo2@providencehealth.bc.ca
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shalansky
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Yitzchak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raboud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D015331:Cohort Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013406:Suicide, Attempted
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs