title: Leukocyte behaviour and permeability in the rat mesenteric microcirculation following induction of ovulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a highly dangerous and incompletely understood complication of ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotrophins, can include haemoconcentration, hypovolaemia, hypotension, acute renal insufficiency, thromboembolism and ultimately death. Using intravital microscopy, we examined microvascular permeability and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the rat mesenteric microcirculation associated with induction of ovulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In female rats treated with hMG and hCG, mesenteric venules were observed by intravital microscopy assisted by a video imager. Erythrocyte velocity was monitored, and rolling and adhesion of leukocytes were studied by transmission video images. Transvascular leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled albumin was assessed by epi-illumination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of hMG and hCG significantly increased vascular protein leakage within a few hours, and also reduced rolling velocities of leukocytes in venules and increased numbers of leukocytes adherent to endothelium at 16 h following hCG injection. The administration of antibodies against intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 inhibited these reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By induction of ovulation, vascular permeability is increased not only at the surface of the ovary but also in the mesentery. Alteration of leukocyte behaviour in the microcirculation through mechanisms involving ICAM-1 is one likely cause of the protein leakage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Shigenobu, Japan. tkatayam@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusanagi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyomura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008596:Menotropins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008643:Mesentery / Q000098:blood supply*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D008596:Menotropins