title: Effects of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on the relationship between maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and neonatal birth weight.
abstract: The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether genetic polymorphisms in enzymes that metabolize exogenous chemicals modulate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on birth weight. A survey was conducted from 2000 to 2001 among 266 pregnant women who were hospitalized for delivery and on their singleton live births. We determined maternal GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction and measured the urinary cotinine of pregnant women at delivery by radioimmunoassay. Birth weight was found to decrease significantly with increasing concentrations of maternal urinary cotinine (P < 0.05). The interactive effect of exposure to ETS and the presence of the GSTT1 polymorphism was found to be significant by multivariate analysis (P < 0.01), whereas the interactive effect of exposure to ETS and the presence of GSTM1 polymorphism did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.21). A combination of the GSTM1-null and the GSTT1 null-genotypes was found to exacerbate the effect of maternal exposure to ETS on birth weight more than the presence of either genotype alone. Our data indicate that maternal exposure to ETS negatively affects neonatal birth weight, and the adverse effect of maternal exposure to ETS on neonatal birth weight could be modified by the maternal metabolic genotypes, GSTM1 and GSTT1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, 7-241, 3rd Street Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon 400-103, South Korea. ychong@inha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kwan-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byong-Kwan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Hye-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D003367:Cotinine