title: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells in mixed connective tissue disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) exhibit clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM-DM). The objective of this study was to clarify differences in BAL findings and immunophenotypes of BAL fluid (BALF) cells of patients with interstitial lung disease associated with these diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We were unable to recruit a sufficient number of SLE patients with lung disease. We compared immunophenotypes of lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages (AM) in BALF of 20 MCTD patients with those of 21 SSc and 27 PM-DM patients and tested the relationships between immunophenotypes and pulmonary function in MCTD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCTD patients had a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio with more CD4 positive lymphocytes than PM-DM patients (P = 0.025). In AM phenotypes, MCTD patients had a significantly lower percentage of CD71 positive AM compared with SSc patients (P = 0.023). DLCO was negatively related to absolute numbers of CD8 positive lymphocytes (R = -0.517, P= 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4 positive lymphocytes in BALF were increased in MCTD compared to PM-DM patients, while CD71 positive AM were decreased in MCTD compared to SSc patients. CD8 positive lymphocytes correlated negatively with DLCO measurements in MCTD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gejyo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*