title: A novel citrate anticoagulation regimen for continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Validation of a novel citrate anticoagulation regimen for continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort trial in medicosurgical intensive care units of two university-affiliated teaching institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were patients at high risk for bleeding, with renal failure requiring CVVHDF without heparin. Fourteen patients completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convection-based citrate anticoagulation CVVHDF regimen using an isotonic replacement fluid containing citrate administered in predilution. A neutralizing solution of calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate was infused at the end of the circuit. Blood flow rate was set and kept at 125 ml/min, and the flow rate of the replacement fluid was initiated at 1250 ml/h and adjusted thereafter according to the monitoring of blood activated coagulation time (ACT), with a target between 180 to 220 s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average filter time-life was 44 h. Thrombosis of the proximal portion of the circuit (which was not anticoagulated) was the main reason for technique failure. A mean urea clearance of 21 ml/min was obtained. Electrolytes and acid-base balance were both well maintained. Six percent (16/287) of Ca(i) readings less than 0.3 mmol/l were associated with very high ACT levels (>300 s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This regimen is shown to be safe, efficacious, and convenient. Citrate anticoagulation should be monitored using postfilter ACT and/or ionized calcium with respective targets of 200-250 s or 0.3-0.4 mmol/l.
authors.affiliation: University of Montreal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, H1T 2M4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorval
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madore
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Courteau
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leblanc
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002951:Citrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002951:Citrates