title: Anticonvulsant effect of flutamide on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole: involvement of benzodiazepine receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is some structural similarity between the androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide (Flut) and benzodiazepines (BZDs). We evaluated the possible anticonvulsant effect and interaction of Flut with BZD receptors in common seizure models.
  
  
  METHODS
  (a) Different groups of mice each were pretreated i.p. with Flut, and after 0.5 h, they received chemoconvulsants [pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), bicuculline, aminophylline, strychnine or kainic acid]. Latency and incidence of a clonic seizure were recorded. (b) Mice were pretreated i.p. with Flut, and after 0.5 h, transauricular electroshock was applied. Occurrence of a tonic seizure was observed. (c) Amygdala-kindled rats were pretreated i.p. with Flut, and 0.5, 1, or 2 h later, they were stimulated at afterdischarge threshold. Then the seizure parameters (afterdischarge duration, seizure severity, and stage 5 duration) were recorded. (d) The effect of Flut on clonic seizure threshold was determined by i.v. infusion of bicuculline or PTZ to different groups of Flut-receiving mice. To determine the possible interaction of Flut with BZD receptors, the flumazenil (FMZ)+Flut effect on clonic seizure threshold was compared with the effect of Flut. (e) Neurotoxicity of Flut was evaluated by rotarod test at 30 min after administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flut produced a dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect against PTZ-induced seizures [median effective dose (ED50), 67.0 mg/kg]. Moreover, Flut elevated the clonic seizure threshold induced by bicuculline or PTZ. FMZ reversed the effect of Flut on the threshold of PTZ seizures. A median toxic dose (TD50) value of 124.8 mg/kg was obtained for Flut.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flut both blocks PTZ-induced clonic seizures and elevates the threshold of PTZ or bicuculline-induced clonic seizures, through interaction with BZD receptors.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13164, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolhassan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadiani
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandgary
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayyah
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003292:Convulsants; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004597:Electroshock; D005485:Flutamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011292:Premedication; D051381:Rats; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003292:Convulsants; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005485:Flutamide; D003975:Diazepam; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole