title: Patients' autonomy in surgical care: a comparison of nurses' perceptions in five European countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This report forms part of the results of an international comparative study funded by the European Commission (1998-2001).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe and compare the maintenance of patients' autonomy on surgical wards, from the point of view of nursing staff, in five European countries (Finland, Spain, Greece, Germany and Scotland). Autonomy is defined in terms of information received and decision making by patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were collected using a questionnaire specifically designed for use in this study. Responses (response rate 66%) were obtained from 1280 nurses working on surgical wards. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with posthoc Tukey's HSD test and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were clear between-country differences in nurses' perceptions, especially on a north-south axis (Finland and Scotland vs. Greece and Spain), regarding the extent to which the autonomy of surgical patients is supported by nursing staff. Training and ethics education, in particular, were associated with nurses' perceptions of the maintenance of patient autonomy in Finland and Greece.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is needed to establish whether the results obtained are caused by differences in cultures, nursing practices or roles of health-care personnel or patients in different European countries.
authors.affiliation: Health Care District of Forssa, Forssa Hospital, Forssa, Finland. suhonen.ritta@kolumbus.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suhonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Välimäki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dassen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasull
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemonidou
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaljonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leino-Kilpi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005858:Germany; D006115:Greece; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D028701:Patient Rights; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D013527:Perioperative Nursing / Q000592:standards; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012606:Scotland; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires