title: Prescribing and administration of nebulized bronchodilators: a prospective audit in a university hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inaccurate and incomplete prescribing of nebulized bronchodilators can result in uncertainty and suboptimal treatment. A prospective study was carried out to assess the completeness of prescription and the quality of bronchodilator drug administration via nebulizers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 121 consecutive inpatient nebulized bronchodilator prescriptions and treatments administered to 93 adult medical inpatients in a university hospital were studied prospectively. Five different aspects of the prescriptions were examined to assess their accuracy and completeness. The administration of each nebulizer treatment was studied using audit of medication charts and interview with ward nurses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No prescription was correct and complete in all five aspects assessed. The most common mistake was failure to state the type and flow rate of driving gas (100%). This was followed by failure to prescribe recommended doses of bronchodilators (46%) and failure to give unambiguous instruction on frequency of treatment (39%). It was found that in only 21.5% of instances was the administration of nebulized bronchodilator drugs optimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective audit has demonstrated major deficiencies in the prescribing and administration of nebulized bronchodilators and it has highlighted the need for a local protocol and continuing staff education. The alternative method of administering bronchodilator via metered dose inhaler with large volume spacer should be evaluated in the treatment of acute airflow obstruction in hospitalized patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: See Meng
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol