title: Factors affecting application of milk allantoin as an estimator of microbial protein flow to the duodenum under commercial conditions.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of diet change, milk sampling technique, and bovine somatotropin (bST) on allantoin output in milk and the use of allantoin as a practical, noninvasive method for estimating microbial protein flow in dairy cattle. In experiment 1, four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 2 x 2 Latin square design with two treatments (ratio of forage to concentrate) and two periods. In experiment 2, six Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design, and milk was collected by 1) a strip sample collected immediately before milking, 2) a strip sample collected 3 min from start of milking, and 3) a composite sample taken with an autosampler. In experiment three, 10 cows were used in a randomized block design to determine the effect of bST on milk allantoin. Milk samples were taken daily for 21 d, 7 d before, and 14 d after bST administration. In experiment 1, allantoin output (mmol/d) was significantly greater for cows fed the higher ratio of concentrate to forage, and there was a significant change in the amount of allantoin in milk 12 h (first subsequent milking) after a diet change. There was no difference in milk yield or dry matter intake between treatments. In experiment 2, no difference was detected in milk allantoin concentration among the three sampling methods. In experiment 3, milk yield, allantoin concentration, and total allantoin output was significantly increased after bST administration even though dry matter intake (DMI) remained unchanged. During the first 14 d following bST administration, estimates of microbial protein production derived from milk allantoin may be inaccurate due to increased milk production without an increase in DMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, USA.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Schager
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Gaskins
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000481:Allantoin / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D004032:Diet; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007700:Kinetics; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D000481:Allantoin; C073294:growth hormone, bovine; D013006:Growth Hormone