title: Transrenal fixation of endovascular stent-grafts for infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair: mid-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated mid-term results of a single-center consecutive series of endovascular stent-grafts implanted for aortic aneurysm repair with transrenal fixation, to determine clinical outcome, aneurysm anatomy, renal artery patency, and renal complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modular stent-grafts were placed with transrenal fixation in 37 patients between November 1998 and July 2000. Follow-up evaluation included clinical examination, laboratory evaluation of serum creatine concentration, computed tomographic angiography, and renal duplex scanning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients underwent transrenal fixation of aortic stent-grafts as part of a Phase II US Food and Drug Administration study. Two patients subsequently underwent follow-up at institutions closer to their homes, and thus provided clinical information but no long-term renal or aneurysm morphologic data. There were no perioperative deaths. Five patients died during follow-up, at a mean of 9 months, because of myocardial infarction in 4 patients and respiratory failure in 1 patient. Thirty patients, ages 75 +/- 8 years, have been followed up for 28.5 +/- 7.2 months. Aneurysm diameter at follow-up was 5.0 +/- 0.8 cm, compared with 5.7 +/- 0.8 cm preoperatively. In 5 patients, endoleak developed during follow-up: 1 type I leak was treated with an aortic cuff, with temporary stabilization of the aneurysm and correction of the endoleak; 2 type II endoleaks were treated with translumbar coil embolization, and 1 resolved spontaneously; and 1 type III endoleak was treated with a combination of coil embolization and stent-graft extension to cover a graft defect. Preoperatively, serum creatinine concentration was normal in 23 patients, but increased persistently in 2 patients and was abnormal in 7 patients. Postoperatively, creatine concentration increased in 4 patients to greater than 20% of baseline level. Seventeen patients had no evidence of renal artery stenosis, compared with 13 patients with renal artery stenosis. Of 41 normal renal arteries, 90% remained unchanged, 1 became occluded, 3 demonstrated 60% stenosis. Nephrectomy was necessary in 1 patient because of cancer. Of 19 abnormal renal arteries, progression of disease was noted in 3 arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transrenal fixation of aortic stent-grafts can be performed with acceptable mid-term outcome with respect to mortality, need for follow-up intervention, and aneurysm exclusion with protection from rupture. Postprocedural stenosis can develop in both normal and abnormal renal arteries. Rate of progression of disease was greater in patients with preprocedural renal dysfunction compared with patients with normal renal arteries. This is merely an observation, and may not be related to transrenal fixation. Long-term follow up is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA. pgbove@smtpgw.beaumont.edu
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bove
authors.forename: Graham W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shanley
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rimar
authors.forename: Sachinder S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hans
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kitzmiller
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bendick
authors.forename: Gerald B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Zelenock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine