title: Regional citrate anticoagulation in critically ill patients during continuous blood purification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and define the contraindication of regional citrate anticoagulation treatment on various critically ill patients being treated by continuous blood purification, who also had bleeding tendencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty critically ill patients being treated by continuous blood purification (CBP) were involved in this study. Due to their bleeding tendencies, regional citrate anticoagulation treatment was given to all of them. Those with hepatic function impairment (n = 10) were classified as Group A, those with hypoxemia were classified as Group B (n = 10), and the others as Group C (n = 20). Blood samples were collected before treatment, and at 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hour intervals during CBP. These samples then were used arterial blood gas analysis, whole blood activated clotting time (WBACT) pre- and post-filter, and serum ionized calcium examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WBACT pre-filter showed little fluctuant through the 48 hr period of CBP, and WBACT post-filter showed obvious prolongation than that of the pre-filter (P < 0.05) at all time points. Metabolic acidosis was found in Group A patients before CBP, and improved during CBP. Normal acid-base conditions of patients were disturbed and deteriorated in Group B during CBP, but not in Group C. Serum ionized calcium was maintained at a normal range during CBP in Group A and C patients, but declined significantly in Group B patients (vs. pre-treatment, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regional citrate anticoagulation can be safely used in conjunction with CBP treatment for patients with hepatic function impairment, but may induce acidosis and a decline in serum ionized calcium when used with hypoxemic patients.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China. gong_dehua@sohu.com
authors.forename: Dehua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Daxi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Honglang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Leishi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D019343:Citric Acid; D002118:Calcium