title: Functional evaluation of one-stage urethroplasty with parameatal foreskin flaps repair of hypospadias using uroflowmetry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uroflowmetry is a simple, accurate and non-invasive test. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of uroflowmetry in the evaluation of the functional results of one-stage urethroplasty with parameatal foreskin flaps (OUPF) technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one children who had undergone OUPF repair at our clinic were selected. Selection criteria were that patients were toilet trained and had no fistula. Uroflowmetry was performed using a rotating disk sensor. The maximum flow rate (Qmax) and average flow rate (Qave) were plotted against body surface related flow rate nomograms. The upper 95% tolerance limits for the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th percentiles of the normal population were used for comparison. The flow pattern was classified as bell ring, plateau or intermittent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at the first uroflowmetry was 4.7 years (range 2.5-8.6) and the mean postoperative follow-up period was 25 months (range 1-58). Twelve children had Qmax above the 25th, six between the 5th and 25th and three less than the 5th percentiles of the normal population. A normal bell-shaped flow curve was obtained in 17 (80.6%) of the children. Of the three children with Qmax below the 5th percentile, two children had a plateau flow pattern and were found to have a urethal stricture. Dilation was performed successfully, after which the Qmax returned to the normal range and the symptoms disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OUPF technique provided satisfactory functional results for hypospadias repair. We advocate the use of uroflowmetry for routine postoperative follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasuyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiro-Omi
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagawa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004106:Dilatation; D004231:Diuresis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis; D011859:Radiography; D012212:Rheology; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects