title: Classifying homicide offenders and predicting their characteristics from crime scene behavior.
abstract: A theoretical distinction between instrumental and expressive aggression was used in analyzing offender characteristics and their associations with crime scene actions in Finnish homicides. Twenty-one variables reflecting the offenders' criminal activity, previous relationships with intimates and victims, and general social and psychological adjustment were derived from files of single-offender/single-victim homicides occurring between 1980 and 1994 (n = 502). Additionally, three variables describing post-offense actions and police interview behavior were included. A multidimensional scaling procedure was used to investigate the interrelationships between the variables. A distinction between expressive and instrumental characteristics was observable in the empirical structure, which was divided into three subthemes of Instrumental, Expressive: Blood, and Expressive: Intimate. Associations between the characteristics with five previously identified subthemes of crime scene actions were computed. In addition, the subthemes of crime scene actions were related to post-offense actions and police interview behavior, with Expressive themes being associated with less denial as well as a greater likelihood of surrendering and confession. The practical usefulness for police investigations and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Police College of Finland, Espoo, Finland. pekka.santtila@pakk.poliisi.fi
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santtila
authors.forename: Helinä
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Häkkänen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Canter
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elfgren
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003415:Crime / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*