title: [Investigation of apoptosis mechanism of arsenic trioxide on oral squamous cell carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To probe the possible mechanism of growth-inhibitory and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by arsenic trioxide.
  
  
  METHODS
  The induction of apoptosis in two tongue squamous carcinoma cells treated by arsenic trioxide was investigated. The morphology changes of the cells was observed under electron microscope. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was detected using rhodamine 123 and flow cytometry. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and p16, p53, BCL-2, Caspase-3, and PARP changes were examined by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1. The antiproliferative effect on the oral squamous carcinoma cells by arsenic trioxide was carried out through two ways: induction of apoptosis and toxicity damage. 2. Activation of the caspase-3 and PARP, while no changes of p16, p53, BCL-2 occurred. 3. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential collapse and G(2)-M stagnation were correlated with apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Tubulins and mitochondria may be the chief action position of arsenic trioxide, which is the start-up factors of mechanism. 2. Activation of the caspase-3 proteolytic pathway may be one of the pivotal ways of apoptosis procedure induced by arsenic trioxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou 225001, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhi-yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D010087:Oxides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide