title: The clinical features of albinism and their correlation with visual evoked potentials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation between the clinical and electrophysiological abnormalities of patients undergoing visual evoked potential investigation for albinism.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 subjects with a probable or possible clinical diagnosis of albinism underwent pattern appearance and/or flash visual evoked potential (VEP) examination. The VEP findings are correlated with the clinical features of albinism determined by clinical examination and orthoptic assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients with clinical evidence of albinism showed a contralateral predominance in the VEPs. There was close correlation between the clinical signs of albinism and the degree of contralateral VEP predominance. This manifested as an interhemispheric latency asymmetry to monocular pattern appearance stimulation but amplitude asymmetry to flash stimulation. The strongest correlation for pattern appearance interhemispheric latency difference was with foveal hypoplasia (rho = 0.58; p = 0.0003) followed by nystagmus (rho = 0.48; p = 0.0027) and iris transillumination (rho = 0.33; p = 0.039). The VEP abnormalities were of greater magnitude in those patients with most features of albinism. Several patients with apparently mild disorders of ocular pigmentation had small but significantly abnormal VEP latency asymmetries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association between the magnitude of the interhemispheric latency asymmetry of the pattern appearance VEP, and of amplitude asymmetry of the flash VEP, with the clinical signs of albinism. The data are consistent with a spectrum of abnormalities in albinism involving both clinical expression and electrophysiological misrouting, which is wider than previously recognised.
authors.affiliation: Strabismus and Paediatric Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dorey
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Neveu
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sloper
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Holder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016117:Albinism, Ocular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology