title: Interobserver and intra-observer agreement in interpreting urodynamic measurements in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the comparability and repeatability of analyses based on urodynamic reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed interobserver and intra-observer agreement when interpreting urodynamic examinations performed in children. Four pediatric urologists analyzed 17 sets of urodynamic data and gave their interpretations of the possible underlying condition of the tested subjects. The consensus among observers was analyzed using the kappa statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poor agreement was observed on suggested diagnoses based on uroflow curves. Good consensus was noted on maximal flow rates but the interpretations of urethral pressure profile curves and the resulting diagnoses regarding sphincter function differed significantly. It also appeared to be difficult to reach agreement regarding bladder compliance and detrusor activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consistency of the interpretations of urodynamic studies should be improved before they are accepted as measures for comparing urodynamic diagnoses or effects of treatment between patient series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venhola
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reunanen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taskinen
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lahdes-Vasama
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*