title: Osseous change adjacent to soft-tissue hemangiomas of the extremities: correlation with lesion size and proximity to bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the findings of MR imaging and radiographic changes that occur in osseous structures adjacent to soft-tissue hemangiomas of the extremities and to correlate them with patient symptomatology, the size of the hemangiomas, and their proximity to adjacent bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the radiographs and MR images of 35 patients with soft-tissue hemangiomas of the extremities. The pattern and extent of the osseous change were categorized as periosteal, cortical, or medullary. Symptomatology, size, and proximity of the hemangioma to the adjacent bone were compared with the presence or absence of osseous change. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osseous change was noted on radiographs in 13 (37%) of 35 patients and on MR images in 11 (31%) of 35 patients with a total of 14 patients (40%) showing osseous change on at least one study. Periosteal change was present in eight (23%) of 35 patients; cortical change, in 11 (31%) of 35 patients; and medullary change, in 10 (29%) of 35 patients. Direct contact between the soft-tissue hemangioma and the adjacent bone was seen in 13 of 14 patients with osseous change. In those patients without osseous change, the average distance between the soft-tissue hemangioma and bone was 1.06 cm (range, 0-4 cm). No correlation was found between symptoms and the presence of osseous change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soft-tissue hemangiomas of the extremities frequently result in adjacent osseous change that can be categorized as either periosteal, cortical, or medullary. Only medullary changes correspond with hemangioma size, whereas all three categories of change correlate with the proximity of the hemangioma to the adjacent bone. The presence of osseous change does not correlate with patient symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, 759th MDTS/MTRD, Ste. 1, 2200 Bergquist Dr., Lackland AFB, TX 78236-5300, USA.
authors.forename: Justin Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mulloy
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: Theodore W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Slabaugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005121:Extremities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*