Behavior of 1,3-dichloropropene and methyl isothiocyanate in undisturbed soil columns.
To develop alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) for soil disinfection under environmental Moroccan conditions, distribution and persistence of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) were tested in undisturbed soil columns (12 cm internal diameter, 1 m length). 1,3-D was injected at a 15 cm depth and directly followed by metam-sodium (a precursor of MITC), which was applied at the soil surface of the same column using a peristaltic pump. Concerning the distribution of these fumigants in the soil profiles, our results showed that 24 h after treatment, 1,3-D and MITC were concentrated at the 0-40 cm soil layers, and reached the deeper layers 48 h later. MITC and 1,3-D dissipation was studied and the half-life (DT50) measured were 6.5 and 8 days, respectively. Total volatilization losses reached 9% for MITC and 28% for 1,3-D. MITC and 1,3-D volatilization was found to be influence by soil water contents. The results show that by reducing volatilization, photodegradation and leaching of these fumigants a suitable alternative to MeBr use is offered.
El Hadiri
N
N
Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco.
Ammati
M
M
Chgoura
M
M
Mounir
K
K
D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005651:Fumigation / Q000379:methods; D006207:Half-Life; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D000498:Allyl Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; C005227:methyl isothiocyanate