Reovirus-induced apoptosis: A minireview.
Reoviruses infect a variety of mammalian hosts and serve as an important experimental system for studying the mechanisms of virus-induced injury. Reovirus infection induces apoptosis in cultured cells in vitro and in target tissues in vivo, including the heart and central nervous system (CNS). In epithelial cells, reovirus-induced apoptosis involves the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from infected cells and the activation of TRAIL-associated death receptors (DRs) DR4 and DR5. DR activation is followed by activation of caspase 8, cleavage of Bid, and the subsequent release of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial factors. By contrast, in neurons, reovirus-induced apoptosis involves a wider array of DRs, including TNFR and Fas, and the mitochondria appear to play a less critical role. These results show that reoviruses induce apoptotic pathways in a cell and tissue specific manner. In vivo there is an excellent correlation between the location of viral infection, the presence of tissue injury and apoptosis, indicating that apoptosis is a critical mechanism by which disease is triggered in the host. These studies suggest that inhibition of apoptosis may provide a novel strategy for limiting virus-induced tissue damage following infection.
Clarke
P
P
Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, CO 80220, USA.
Tyler
K L
KL
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D012087:Reoviridae / Q000378:metabolism*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; C494815:Bid protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; C505654:Tnfsf10 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; C505526:Casp8 protein, mouse; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases