title: Finite element analysis of hepatic radiofrequency ablation probes using temperature-dependent electrical conductivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few finite element models (FEM) have been developed to describe the electric field, specific absorption rate (SAR), and the temperature distribution surrounding hepatic radiofrequency ablation probes. To date, a coupled finite element model that accounts for the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity changes has not been developed for ablation type devices. While it is widely acknowledged that accounting for temperature dependent phenomena may affect the outcome of these models, the effect has not been assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of four finite element models are compared: constant electrical conductivity without tissue perfusion, temperature-dependent conductivity without tissue perfusion, constant electrical conductivity with tissue perfusion, and temperature-dependent conductivity with tissue perfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data demonstrate that significant errors are generated when constant electrical conductivity is assumed in coupled electrical-heat transfer problems that operate at high temperatures. These errors appear to be closely related to the temperature at which the ablation device operates and not to the amount of power applied by the device or the state of tissue perfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accounting for temperature-dependent phenomena may be critically important in the safe operation of radiofrequency ablation device that operate near 100 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Office of Science and Technology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. iac@cdrh.fda.gov
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D004566:Electrodes; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D008954:Models, Biological