title: Expression of Sonic hedgehog-Fc fusion protein in Pichia pastoris. Identification and control of post-translational, chemical, and proteolytic modifications.
abstract: We have investigated the suitability of Pichia pastoris as an expression system for the candidate therapeutic protein, Sonic hedgehog fused to an immunoglobulin Fc domain (Shh-Fc). Sonic hedgehog is a morphogen protein involved in the patterning of a wide range of tissues during animal embryogenesis. The presence of Sonic hedgehog and its receptor, Patched, in adult nervous tissue suggests possible applications for the protein in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and injury. We have engineered the Shh-Fc fusion protein in order to improve binding affinity and increase systemic exposure in animals. N-terminal sequencing, peptide mapping, mass spectrometry, and other biochemical and biological methods were used to characterize the purified protein. These analyses revealed several unanticipated problems, including thiaproline modification of the N-terminal cysteine, cleavage by a Kex2-like protease at a site near the N-terminus, proteolysis at sites near the hinge, addition of a hexose in the CH3 domain of the Fc region, and several sites of methionine oxidation. Sequence modifications to the protein and changes in fermentation conditions resulted in increased potency and greater consistency of the product. The final product was shown to be biologically active in animal studies.
authors.affiliation: Biogen, Inc., 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Renée I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Dingyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levesque
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hronowski
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Garber
authors.forename: Alphonse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galdes
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: Frederick R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D005285:Fermentation; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010843:Pichia / Q000378:metabolism*; D043484:Proprotein Convertases / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D053778:Thiazolidines; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; D015534:Trans-Activators; D008715:Methionine; C003438:thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; C058751:KEX2 protein, S cerevisiae