title: The Victorian ambulatory care sensitive conditions study: rural and urban perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) are those for which hospitalisation is thought to be avoidable with the application of preventive care and early disease management, usually delivered in the ambulatory setting. This study presents detailed analyses of ACSCs as a measure of health outcome that might vary with access to primary health care in rural and urban regions of Victoria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (VAED), and data from the Health Insurance Commission, Medical Labour Force Annual Survey, socio-economic indexes for areas, and accessibility/remoteness index of Australia were merged to identify individual and aggregate level predictors of urban/rural differentials of ACSCs. Estimates of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were based on random effect multi-level generalised linear models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, sex, and severity of illness, significant predictors of higher admission rates of ACSCs within rural areas include lack of insurance, emergency admissions, higher degree of remoteness, lower population density, lower number of general practitioners/10,000 population by local government area (LGA), lower number of general practitioner visits per person by LGA, and areas with lower socio-economic status, education and occupation, and economic resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that lack of timely and effective care may have a significant impact on rates of admissions for ACSCs in rural areas of Victoria especially in lower socio-economic groups.
authors.affiliation: Health Surveillance and Evaluation Section, Public Health, Department of Human Services, Melbourne, and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne. zahid.ansari@dhs.vic.gov.au
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barbetti
authors.forename: Norman J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Auckland
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cicuttini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017062:Small-Area Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014739:Victoria