The TIM gene family: emerging roles in immunity and disease.
The search for cell-surface markers that can distinguish T helper 1 (T(H)1) cells from T(H)2 cells has led to the identification of a new gene family, encoding the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) proteins, some of which are differentially expressed by T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells. The role of the TIM-family proteins in immune regulation is just beginning to emerge. Here, we describe the various TIM-family members in mice and humans, and discuss the genetic and functional evidence for their role in regulating autoimmune and allergic diseases.
Kuchroo
Vijay K
VK
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. vkuchroo@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
Umetsu
Dale T
DT
DeKruyff
Rosemarie H
RH
Freeman
Gordon J
GJ
D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
C448908:HAVCR2 protein, human; C442240:Havcr1 protein, mouse; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C442242:Timd2 protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4