title: Cancer incidence in the US radiologic technologists health study, 1983-1998.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Workers exposed to low doses of radiation can provide information regarding cancer risks that are of public concern. However, characterizing risk at low doses requires large populations and ideally should include a large proportion of women, both of which rarely are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 90305 radiologic technologists in the U.S. (77% women) who were followed during 1983-1998, data concerning incident cancer occurrence was obtained from mailed questionnaires and from death records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed using age-specific, gender-specific, race-specific, and calendar year-specific cancer rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SIR for all cancers in both genders combined was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00-1.07; n = 3292 technologists). Female technologists had an elevated risk for all solid tumors combined (SIR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; n = 2168 women) and for breast cancers (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09-1.23; n = 970 women), melanoma (SIR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43-1.89; n = 181 women), and thyroid cancers (SIR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.24-1.83; n = 107 women). Male technologists experienced a decreased risk for solid tumors (SIR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98; n = 755 men); however, melanoma (SIR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00-1.79; n = 56 men) and thyroid cancers (SIR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.29-3.59; n = 17 men) were increased. Among both genders, the risks were decreased for buccal cavity/pharyngeal cancers (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90; n = 54 technologists), rectal cancers (SIR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.48-0.76; n = 53 technologists), and lung cancers (SIR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.70-0.85; n = 307 technologists).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated risk for breast cancer may have been related to occupational radiation exposure. The observed excesses of melanoma and thyroid cancers may reflect, at least in part, earlier detection among medical workers with easy access to health care.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Alice J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sigurdson
authors.forename: Michele Morin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Doody
authors.forename: R Sowmya
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: D Michal
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauptmann
authors.forename: Aparna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarone
authors.forename: Kiyohiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ron
authors.forename: Martha S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Linet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013679:Technology, Radiologic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology