title: [Cutaneous leishmaniasis].
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoa, Leishmania, which resides in macrophages. The parasite is transmitted by an infected female sandfly. The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis approaches 2 million new cases per year with 90% of the cases occurring in the "Old World", while the "New World" accounts for the rest. Infection may be restricted to the skin with development of characteristic ulcers, or may affect the mucous membranes in its mucocutaneous form. The clinical diagnosis is verified by the presence of amastigotes in slit-skin smears. Therapeutic modalities include systemic treatments such as the pentavalent antimony compound sodium stibogluconate, liposomal formulations of amphotericin B, oral ketoconazole or itraconazole, as well as topical paromomycin sulphate, local heat, freezing with liquid nitrogen, or photodynamic therapy. An effective vaccine is not available.
authors.affiliation: The Hadassah-Germany Skin Center, Department of Dermatology, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Isreal. enk@hadassah.org.il
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Enk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gardlo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ingber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010303:Paromomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010303:Paromomycin; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate