title: Review of common therapeutic options in the United States for the treatment of pediculosis capitis.
abstract: Numerous therapies are available in both over-the-counter and prescription formulations for the treatment of head lice infestation. We summarize treatment recommendations from published literature and from a recent meta-analysis from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews that describe the efficacy, safety, and resistance patterns of monotherapies available in the United States. If treatment with pyrethrin or permethrin fails to eradicate the infestation, the treatment of choice is malathion. However, because of malathion's flammability, it should be a second-line therapy. Orally administered ivermectin has been reported to be efficacious, but it is not currently a US Food and Drug Administration-approved pediculicide. Alternative therapies are also discussed, in addition to indications for prophylaxis, resistance reporting, and the social impact of infestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: English
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008294:Malathion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010374:Pediculus / Q000187:drug effects*; D026023:Permethrin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D026023:Permethrin; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D007559:Ivermectin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D008294:Malathion