title: Perception of dental fluorosis among adolescents living in urban areas of Ethiopia.
abstract: The objective of the study was to assess the perception of dental fluorosis among adolescents residing in two urban areas in Ethiopia: Addis Ababa (low-fluoride drinking water) and Nazreth (high-fluoride drinking water). Students aged 12-15 years, enrolled in two junior secondary schools in Addis Ababa (n = 161) and two similar schools in Nazreth (n = 177) responded to evaluative statements concerning the appearance of anterior maxillary teeth. Color photographs depicting dental fluorosis (TF score 2, 3, 5 and 7) in maxillary front teeth were used as reference during structured interviews. A majority of the students from Addis Ababa and Nazreth were dissatisfied with the appearance of teeth having TF scores 2 and above. More than 66% of the students from both areas confirmed a need for dental consultation concerning fluorotic teeth with TF > or = [corrected] 2. As compared to their counterparts in Nazreth, children in Addis Ababa felt more embarrassed with TF score 2 and 3 (p < 0.01). TF scores 5 and 7 were found unacceptable both in Addis Ababa and in Nazreth. Students in Addis Ababa, more frequently than their counterparts in Nazreth, believed (erroneously) that dental fluorosis were related to neglect on the part of the child. The present findings confirm that fluorotic teeth constitute a social problem among junior secondary school children residing in low-fluoride as well as in high-fluoride urban areas in Ethiopia and, thereby, corroborate the public concern for safe drinking water.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Wondwossen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fantaye
authors.forename: Astrom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anne
authors.forename: Bårdsen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asgeir
authors.forename: Zenebe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Melaku
authors.forename: Redda Tekle
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Haymanot
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bjorvatn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D001828:Body Image; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005457:Fluoridation / Q000009:adverse effects; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012940:Social Problems; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data