title: Povidone-iodine as a periodontal pocket disinfectant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Povidone-iodine [polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex (PVP-iodine)] might constitute a valuable adjunct to current periodontal therapy because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, low potential for developing resistance and adverse reactions, wide availability, ease of use, and low financial cost. This investigation employed a randomized, split-mouth study design to determine the microbiological and clinical effects of 10% PVP-iodine subgingival irrigation in periodontitis lesions showing radiographic evidence of subgingival calculus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen adults having at least one periodontal pocket of 6 mm or more in each quadrant of the dentition and harboring one or more periodontopathic bacteria participated in the study. In each subject, a study site in each quadrant was randomly chosen to receive either subgingival irrigation with 10% PVP-iodine together with scaling and root planing, scaling and root planing alone, subgingival irrigation with 10% PVP-iodine, or subgingival irrigation with sterile saline. Prior to therapy and at 5 weeks post-treatment, microbiological culture was carried out without knowledge of the clinical status or the type of treatment rendered. A blinded clinical examiner determined presence of dental plaque, probing pocket depth, and gingival bleeding on probing. Microbiological and clinical data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis rank test with the Tukey and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 weeks post-treatment, subgingival irrigation with PVP-iodine together with scaling and root planing caused a 95% or greater reduction in total pathogen counts in 44% of pockets having >/= 6 mm depth whereas scaling and root planing alone, povidone-iodine irrigation alone and water irrigation alone caused 95% reduction of total pathogens only in 6-13% of similar study sites (P = 0.02). Reduction in mean pocket depth was 1.8 mm for the PVP-iodine/scaling and root planing group, 1.6 mm for the scaling and root planing group, and 0.9 mm for the PVP-iodine and the saline monotherapy groups, with statistical significance reached for the scaling and root planing group vs. the PVP-iodine group (P = 0.04) and for the scaling and root planing group vs. the saline group (P = 0.02). Reduction in visible dental plaque, which ranged from 38% to 62%, showed no significant differences among treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of subgingival PVP-iodine irrigation to conventional mechanical therapy may be a cost-effective means of reducing total counts of periodontal pathogens and helping control periodontal disease. However, subgingival irrigation with PVP-iodine without concomitant mechanical debridement might not improve microbiological and clinical variables in comparison with saline irrigation, at least not in sites with radiographic evidence of subgingival calculus.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Keim
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slots
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016745:Root Planing; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D011206:Povidone-Iodine