title: Regulation of IL-11 expression in intestinal myofibroblasts: role of c-Jun AP-1- and MAPK-dependent pathways.
abstract: IL-11 inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB and induces the Th2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. The clinical utility of IL-11 is being investigated in Crohn's disease. However, physiological secretion of IL-11 in the intestine remains unclear. In this study, we investigated IL-11 secretion in human intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs). Intestinal SEMFs were isolated from the human colonic mucosa. IL-11 secretion and mRNA expression were determined by ELISA and Northern blot analysis. The activating protein (AP)-1-DNA binding activity was evaluated by EMSA. IL-11 secretion was induced by IL-1beta and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. These were also observed at the mRNA level. The EMSAs demonstrated that both IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 induced AP-1 activation within 2 h after stimulation, and a blockade of AP-1 activation by the recombinant adenovirus containing a dominant negative c-Jun markedly reduced the IL-1beta- and TGF-beta1-induced IL-11 mRNA expression. IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 induced an activation of ERK p42/44 and p38 MAP kinases, and the MAP kinase inhibitors (SB-202190, PD-98059, and U-0216) significantly reduced the IL-1beta- and TGF-beta1-induced IL-11 secretion. The upregulation of IL-11 mRNA by IL-1beta- and TGF-beta1 was also mediated by a p38 MAP kinase-mediated mRNA stabilization. The combination of IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 additively enhanced IL-11 secretion. Intestinal SEMFs secreted IL-11 in response to IL-1beta- and TGF-beta1. Mucosal IL-11 secretion might be important as an anti-inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga Univ. of Medical Science, Seta-Tukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Shokei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017370:Interleukin-11; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one