title: Alcohol consumption and mortality in men with preexisting cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In counseling patients with a history of stroke, clinicians have limited information regarding the risks and benefits of alcohol consumption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between alcohol intake and risks of total and cardiovascular mortality in men with a history of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 112 528 men from the enrollment cohort of the Physicians' Health Study, 1320 of whom reported a baseline history of stroke. Men provided self-reported data on alcohol consumption, which was classified into 1 of 4 categories: rarely or never drink, very light (<1 drink per week), light (1-6 drinks per week), or moderate (> or =1 drink per day). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relative risks of mortality associated with alcohol consumption, after adjustment for major coronary risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 4(1/2) years, 369 men died, 267 of whom died of cardiovascular disease. Compared with men with a history of stroke who drank rarely or never, those with a very light to moderate alcohol intake had multivariate relative risks for total mortality of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-1.28), 0.64 (95% CI, 0.48-0.85), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54-0.94), respectively (P =.03 for trend); and relative risks for cardiovascular mortality of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.58-1.36), 0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.79), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46-0.88) P =.008 for trend). Compared with age-adjusted models, adjustment for major coronary risk factors did not significantly change risk estimates for total or cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate a possible inverse association between light to moderate alcohol intake and risks of total and cardiovascular mortality in men with a history of stroke. More data are needed to confirm or refute these results.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. vjackson@partners.org
authors.forename: Vicki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sesso
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires