title: An analysis of cholesterol control and statin use in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is general agreement that patients who have elevated lipid levels and/or risk factors for or existing cardiovascular disease should receive aggressive cholesterol-lowering therapy. However, it is not clear whether patients are receiving the recommended treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated cholesterol control and statin use in the setting of a large, long-term cardiovascular end point trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study was conducted between 1995 and 2001 to compare the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with losartan- or atenolol-based treatment in 9193 patients aged 55 to 80 years with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The mean (SD) duration of follow-up was 4.8 (0.9) years. Use of lipid-lowering therapy was at the discretion of the investigator. In the present study, analyses of baseline and end-of-study mean total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and statin use were performed for the combined treatment groups. Based on generally accepted guidelines, achievement of a TC level <5.0 mmol/L (193.5 mg/dL) was used as the treatment target for the purpose of these analyses. The proportions of patients with TC levels above this cutoff were calculated at baseline and at the final visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 8653 patients had baseline and end-of-study cholesterol measurements and were included in this analysis. At baseline, 528 (6.1%) patients were receiving statins; TC levels were above the cutoff in 381 (72.2%) of these patients, who had a mean TC level of 6.07 mmol/L (234.7 mg/dL). Of 8125 (93.9%) patients who were not receiving statins at baseline, TC levels were above the cutoff in 6859 (84.4%), with a mean TC level of 6.37 mmol/L (246.4 mg/dL). At the end of the study, 1892 (21.9%) patients were receiving a statin; TC levels were above the cutoff in 1096 (57.9%) of these patients, who had a mean TC level of 5.99 mmol/: (231.6 mg/dL). Of 6761 (78.1%) patients who were not receiving statins at the end of the study, TC levels were above the cutoff in 5316 (78.6%), with a mean TC level of 6.24 mmol/L (241.4 mg/dL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this long-term cardiovascular end point study in patients with moderate to severe hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, statins were not optimally administered and cholesterol levels were poorly controlled.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories Scandinavia, Sollentuna, Sweden. krister_kristianson@merck.com
authors.forename: Krister
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristianson
authors.forename: Frej
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fyhrquist
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: Sverre E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: Lars H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Paulette A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lyle
authors.forename: Markku S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Snapinn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D001262:Atenolol; D002784:Cholesterol; D019808:Losartan