title: Lymphotoxin beta expression is high in chronic lymphocytic leukemia but low in small lymphocytic lymphoma: a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The lymphotoxin beta (LTB) gene, localized to the major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 6p21.3, has an important role in the formation of germinal center reactions and regulation of immune response and apoptosis. Our aim was to determine LTB gene expression in different hematologic neoplasias.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the expression of LTB using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on a series of RNA samples from CD3(+) T cells and CD19(+) B cells isolated from peripheral blood (n=7); CD19(+) B cells isolated from lymph nodes (n=11) and from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n=16), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n=43), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; n=12), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; n=19), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; n=32) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL; n=22).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression level of LTB in CD3(+) T cells and CD19(+) B cells isolated from blood was ten to forty times lower than that in normal CD19(+) B cells isolated from lymph nodes. In malignant myeloid cells the expression levels were very low, whereas in malignant lymphoid cells the expression was higher than in myeloid cells, being highest in MCL and CLL (20.2+/-14.0 ng/microL and 81.0+/-116.3 ng/microL) and low in SLL (4.5+/-3.6 ng/microL; p=0.001). We did not find correlations between LTB expression and hematoclinical parameters (risk groups, immunophenotypes and overall survival).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A distinct difference in expression of LTB in CLL and SLL indicates that these morphologically similar B-cell malignancies are molecularly different. Further studies are needed to investigate the prognostic value of LTB and any role that LTB may have in determining whether the malignant B cells manifest a leukemia or lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Bálint
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Larramendy
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aalto
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilpo
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruutu
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vettenranta
authors.forename: Kaarle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Franssila
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knuutila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C505886:LTB protein, human; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger