title: Induction of apoptosis by fenretinide in tumor cell lines correlates with DLX2, DLX3 and DLX4 gene expression.
abstract: We investigated a possible relationship between apoptosis induction by fenretinide (4HPR) and the expression of a group of genes thought to be essential in morphogenesis and development, the DLX genes. We analyzed their expression under normal conditions or upon 4HPR stimulation in several tumor cell lines. We show that DLX2, DLX3 and DLX4 were expressed at higher levels in cell lines which where more sensitive to apoptotic induction, whereas DLX 5 and 6 appeared to segregate in a distinct functional compartment. Our data support the notion that DLX2, 3, 4 genes could participate in the control of 4HPR-mediated apoptosis, making them important molecules for the monitoring of therapy efficacy in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paleari
authors.forename: Giulio L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Palmisano
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tammaro
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brigati
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C105304:DLX4 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C088334:Distal-less homeobox proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C093661:Tes protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D017313:Fenretinide