title: Physical, mental, and social predictors of functional outcome in unilateral lower-limb amputees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the value of physical, mental, and social characteristics as predictors of functional outcome of elderly amputees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, inception cohort study; comparisons with reference populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, patients' own residence settings in 1 of the 3 northern provinces in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients older than 60 years, with unilateral transtibial or transfemoral amputation or knee disarticulation because of vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of physical, mental, and social predictors 2 and 6 weeks postamputation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP-68), Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS), Timed up and go (TUG) test, and prosthetic use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 15% of amputees died within the first year after amputation. Seventy percent lived independently at home 1 year postamputation. The functional level of the patients was low, as shown by high scores on the SIP-68 (mean, 23.6), GARS (mean, 41.2), and TUG test (mean, 23.9s). Functionally effective prosthetic use, as measured with the classification of Narang and Pohjolainen, was reached by 49%. For the SIP-68 scores, age, comorbidity, 1-leg balance, and the 15-word test predicted functional outcome in 69% of amputees. For the GARS score, age, 1-leg balance, and the 15-word test predicted functional outcome in 64%. For the TUG test, age and 1-leg balance predicted functional outcome in 42% of amputees. After correction for age, the only significant predictor for prosthetic use was 1-leg balance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients with a leg amputation had a low functional level 1-year postamputation. An important part of functional outcome could be predicted 2 weeks after amputation by age at amputation, 1-leg balance on the unaffected limb, and cognitive impairment. Severe comorbidity probably also played a role. The results may be used in the general policy concerning leg amputees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands. T.Schoppen@rev.azg.nl
authors.forename: Tanneke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schoppen
authors.forename: Annemarijke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boonstra
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Groothoff
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Ludwig N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Göeken
authors.forename: Willem H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Eisma
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000674:Amputees / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001186:Artificial Limbs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D016896:Treatment Outcome