title: The pilot experience of immunotherapy-combined photodynamic therapy for advanced gastric cancer in elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT) for advanced gastric cancer is limited. Recent animal studies have clarified the very important role of host immune cells in PDT. We expected a potential cooperative effect of PDT and immunotherapy, and developed immunotherapycombined PDT (I-PDT) for advanced gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied I-PDT for two elderly patients with complicated advanced gastric cancer (92- and 89-yr-old males). Tumor bleeding prevented them from leading an ordinary home life. Initial simple PDT was not effective. Patients received over 109 activated T-lymphocyte-predominant autologous immune cells, mainly intravenously, 5x for one course. PDT was performed endoscopically on the day of the third infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two or three courses of I-PDT safely stopped tumor bleeding, and the initial poor prognoses of a few months of survival seemed to be improved (patient 1, over 32 mo; patient 2, 14 mo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I-PDT was found to be a safe, feasible treatment that could improve symptoms resulting from advanced gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan. h.yanai@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Atsuyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Youhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kiwamu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: Teruaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekine
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome