title: Mercury poisoning: prevalence, knowledge and frequency of gold panning and doing retort among alluvial gold panners in Chiweshe and Tafuna communal lands in Zimbabwe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of mercury poisoning, to estimate the knowledge level that mercury can be a poison, and to establish the frequency of gold panning and doing retorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chiweshe and Tafuna communal lands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gold panners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mercury levels in blood and urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totals of 23 respondents from Chiweshe and 43 respondents from Tafuna were recruited. Four out of 43 respondents in Tafuna and seven out of 23 respondents in Chiweshe had levels of mercury greater than 0.05 mg/L in blood (p = 0.040). Out of 43 respondents in Tafuna, four (9.3%) had levels of mercury of more than 0.01 mg/L in urine. Totals of 18 out of 37 and seven out of 22 respondents from Tafuna and Chiweshe, respectively, did not know that mercury could be a poison. Altogether, 35 (56.5%) out of 62 respondents were full time gold panners. Significantly more respondents in Chiweshe (14/19) than in Tafuna (8/29) did less than four retorts per month (p = 0.005). Respondents who did four or more retorts per month were 3.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 9.72) times more likely to have had raised levels of mercury in their blood compared with persons who did less than four retorts per month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mercury poisoning among gold panners in Chiweshe and Tafuna communal lands is of public health importance. Panners should be educated on the possibilities of mercury being a poison. A low cost and safe technology to separating mercury from the amalgam should be introduced to the panners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Matchaba-Hove
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siziya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rusakaniko
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kadenhe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dumbu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chirenda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006046:Gold