title: Socioepidemiological data on hepatitis delta in a German university clinic--increase in patients from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relevance of chronic hepatitis delta results from its high morbidity leading frequently to rapid cirrhosis progression. The aim of the present study was the socioepidemiological characterization of patients with hepatitis delta, in order to identify patients at risk for hepatitis delta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical parameters of 36 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis delta, seen between 1989 and 2002 at the University Hospital in Düsseldorf, were evaluated for the present study. Socioepidemiological parameters, available in 31 of these patients who returned a questionnaire, were compared to data of the population of Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver cirrhosis was found in 33.3% of patients. There was a mean delay of 3 years between the diagnosis of hepatitis B and D. Patients with delta hepatitis were characterized by lower education, were more frequently unemployed, exhibited less qualified work and had less property compared to the population of NRW. 86.1% of hepatitis delta patients were immigrants to Germany. Before 1995 hepatitis delta infections were mainly seen in patients from Southern Europe (75%), whereas after 1996 predominantly patients from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (53.6%; p < 0.04) contributed to the newly diagnosed cases of hepatitis delta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data underline that hepatitis delta is a severe disease. It seems reasonable to intensify screening for hepatitis delta among patients with low socioeconomic status, especially among immigrants of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. erhardt@uni-duesseldorf-de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knuth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagir
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kirschberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heintges
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Häussinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004493:Education; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D003699:Hepatitis D / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires