title: Radiation therapy with and without extrafascial hysterectomy for bulky stage IB cervical carcinoma: a randomized trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, in a randomized clinical trial, the role of adjuvant hysterectomy after standardized radiation in improving progression-free survival and survival for patients with "bulky" stage IB cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 256 eligible patients with exophytic or "barrel" shaped tumors measuring > or = 4 cm were randomized to either external and intracavitary irradiation (RT, N = 124) or attenuated irradiation followed by extrafascial hysterectomy (RT + HYST, N = 132). Twenty-five percent of patients had tumors with a maximum diameter of > or =7 cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor size was the most pronounced prognostic factor followed by performance status 2 and age at diagnosis. Hysterectomy did not increase the frequency of reported grade 3 and 4 adverse effects (both groups, 10%). The majority of these adverse effects were from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts exclusively. There was a lower cumulative incidence of local relapse in the RT + HYST group (at 5 years, 27% vs. 14%). There were no statistical differences in outcomes between regimens except for the adjusted comparison of progression-free survival, although all indicated a lower risk in the adjuvant hysterectomy regimen (unadjusted relative risk [URR] of progression, 0.77, P = 0.07; URR of death, P = 0.26, both one tail).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, there was no clinically important benefit with the use of extrafascial hysterectomy. However, there is good evidence to suggest that patients with 4-, 5-, and 6-cm tumors may have benefitted from extrafascial hysterectomy (URR of progression; 0.58; URR of death, 0.60).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA. henrykeys@MSN.com
authors.forename: Henry M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Keys
authors.forename: Brian N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Bundy
authors.forename: Frederick B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Stehman
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okagaki
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gallup
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Marvin Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Rotman
authors.forename: Wesley C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*