Tissue growth and remodeling of the embryonic and adult adrenal gland.
The adrenal gland provides a model system for the study of tissue remodeling in endocrine physiology. For example, proper adrenal development requires proliferation of the adrenogonadal primordia, separation of adrenal and gonadal precursors, and cell migration that unites the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. In the adult, normal adrenal function is assured by the adrenal gland's unique capacity for growth in response to both tissue injury and physiological demand. Identification of the molecular and genetic programs underlying tissue remodeling in the adrenal is important for understanding basic aspects of development and regeneration, as well as adrenal disease. Here, we will highlight the roles that nuclear receptors and pituitary hormones play in regulating fetal adrenal development and adult adrenal growth. In addition, we will review the most current data on how extracellular signaling pathways are coupled to the function of these important regulators of adrenal development and function.
Bland
Michelle L
ML
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0444, USA.
Desclozeaux
Marion
M
Ingraham
Holly A
HA
D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000502:physiology; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C539965:NR0B1 protein, human; C539966:Nr0b1 protein, mouse; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone