title: Actions of galanin on neurotransmission in the submucous plexus of guinea pig small intestine.
abstract: Electrophysiologic recording methods were used to study the actions of galanin on synaptic transmission in the submucous plexus of guinea pig ileum. Exposure to galanin resulted in concentration-dependent suppression of slow noradrenergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the majority of neurons. Failure of galanin to suppress nicotinic depolarizing responses to micropressure pulses of acetylcholine and failure to suppress hyperpolarizing responses to micropressure pulses of norepinephrine suggested that galanin acted at presynaptic inhibitory receptors to suppress release of acetylcholine and norepinephrine. Galanin suppressed slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials in eight of eight neurons with AH (after-hyperpolarization) type electrical behavior and in none of 26 neurons with S (synaptic) type electrical behavior. Suppression of excitatory neurotransmission in AH neurons was always associated with membrane hyperpolarization. Excitatory responses caused by experimentally applied substance P were also inhibited by galanin. Galanin-(1-16) and galanin-like peptide mimicked the inhibitory actions of galanin on neurotransmission. The selective galanin GAL2 receptor agonist [D-Trp(2)]galanin was inactive. The chimeric peptides, galanin-(1-13)-spantide I, galantide, galanin-(1-13)-neuropeptide Y(25-36) amide, galanin-(1-13)-bradykinin-(2-9)amide and galanin-(1-13)-Pro-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Ala amide all produced varying degrees of suppression of the synaptic potentials. The evidence suggests that the galanin GAL1 receptor, but not the galanin GAL2 receptor, mediated the presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibitory actions of galanin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Sumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Zhen
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Chuanyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jackie D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin / Q000819:agonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013368:Submucous Plexus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D017779:Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019004:Galanin; D009638:Norepinephrine