title: Gene delivery using human cord blood-derived CD34+cells into inflamed glomeruli in NOD/SCID mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone marrow reconstitution using genetically-modified hematopoietic stem cells has been reported to confer resistance to inflammation and prevent renal injury in glomerulonephritis. Although this strategy has potentials for clinical use, taking hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow is highly stressful for patients. In this regard, umbilical cord blood may be a useful alternative and, therefore, we focused on their suitability as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation-based therapy for glomerulonephritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD34+ cells were obtained from human umbilical cord blood, retrovirally transduced with human beta-glucuronidase (HBG) gene, and transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. After confirming the successful chimerism, these mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and local HBG expression in glomeruli was examined using immunohistochemical analysis, HBG bioassay, and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clonogenic assay showed that 88.4 +/- 5.9% burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), 79.7 +/- 11.4% in colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M), and 81.1 +/- 14.1% in colony-forming unit-granulocyte (CFU-G), respectively, possessed the transgene after transfection, suggesting that precommited cells were susceptible to retroviral infection. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 24.1 +/- 14.5% of bone marrow cells in these chimera mice expressed human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) 8 weeks after transplantation. Also, clonogenic assay showed that a sustained engraftment of human hematopoietic cells expressed HBG. CD14-positive cells were recruited into the glomeruli upon LPS treatment and they secreted bioactive HBG, suggesting that cord blood-derived CD34+cells may differentiate into monocyte lineage while maintaining the expression of the transgene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that umbilical cord blood cells can be utilized as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for the transplantation-based therapy of glomerulonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tyokoo@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.forename: Toya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Aikou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Jin Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005312:Fetal Blood; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D018183:Transplantation Chimera
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D005966:Glucuronidase