title: Efficacy of a homeopathic Crataegus preparation compared with usual therapy for mild (NYHA II) cardiac insufficiency: results of an observational cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of the homeopathic Crataegus preparation Cralonin for non-inferiority to standard treatment for mild cardiac insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre non-randomised cohort study in patients aged 50-75 years in New York Heart Association class II. Patients received Cralonin (n=110) or ACE inhibitor/diuretics (n=102) for 8 weeks. To adjust for confounding by baseline factors, populations were stratified according to propensity score. After adjusting, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups. Treatment efficacy was assessed on 15 variables. A stringent non-inferiority criterion for the upper limit of the 97.5% one-sided confidence interval of the treatment difference was set to 0.2x the standard deviation (S.D.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatment regimens improved scores on most variables studied, with the greatest effect on double product after exercise (average score reduction 15.4% with Cralonin vs. 16.0% for the control group). Stringent non-inferiority of Cralonin was demonstrated on 7 variables. Medium-stringent (0.5xS.D.) non-inferiority was indicated by 13 variables (exceptions: systolic blood pressure (BP) during exercise and diastolic BP at rest; for these, differences between treatments were not significant). Both treatments were well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Crataegus-based preparation Cralonin is non-inferior to usual ACE inhibitor/diuretics treatment for mild cardiac insufficiency on all parameters except BP reduction.
authors.affiliation: Börsenstrasse 17, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiser
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D027825:Crataegus / Q000009:adverse effects; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006705:Homeopathy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D028321:Plant Preparations