title: Seismic evidence for water deep in Earth's upper mantle.
abstract: Water in the deep upper mantle can influence the properties of seismic discontinuities in the mantle transition zone. Observations of converted seismic waves provide evidence of a 20- to 35-kilometer-thick discontinuity near a depth of 410 kilometers, most likely explained by as much as 700 parts per million of water by weight.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Hönggerberg (HPP)/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. mark@tomo.ig.erdw.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Meijde
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marone
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giardini
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Lee