Americans on diet: results from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence of dieting to lose weight or for a health reason in a representative sample of US adults.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study design.


METHODS
Data from 10,144 participants of the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII 1994-1996) were used in the analysis. All data were self-reported.


METHODS
Analysis included: cross-tabulation of dieting status by sociodemographic characteristics; comparison of the type of diet, the reason for dieting, and the source of diet used by men and women; comparison of the nutrient intake and health status of dieters and nondieters.


RESULTS
Prevalence of dieting varied by gender and race, being highest in white women (21%) and lowest in Hispanic men (8%). About 71% of all dieters reported that they were dieting to improve health, and 50% reported that they were dieting to lose weight. Dieters reported lower intakes of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, calcium, and selenium compared with nondieters. The rate of chronic health conditions was higher among dieters than nondieters. Self-reported physical activity was similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of dieting varies according to sociodemographic characteristics. The reason for dieting and the type of diet used by dieters also vary and need to be studied further. Our results suggest that the dieters generally consumed a more nutrient-dense diet than the nondieters but still low in certain nutrients.
Paeratakul
Sahasporn
S
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
York-Crowe
Emily E
EE
Williamson
Donald A
DA
Ryan
Donna H
DH
Bray
George A
GA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009753:Nutritive Value; D015995:Prevalence; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss
D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D012982:Sodium, Dietary