title: Transient hyperopic refractive changes in newly diagnosed juvenile diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate transient hyperopic refractive changes in newly diagnosed juvenile diabetics and to evaluate their clinical course after starting intensive glycemic control of severe hyperglycaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 hyperopic adolescents with newly diagnosed and uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, selected for this prospective study, were enrolled for a baseline examination and, after starting intensive insulin treatment, followed every two weeks during a four-month follow up. Standardised automated refraction and A-mode ultrasonography were performed. Poor metabolic control was an inclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Refractive changes and hyperopic peaks preceded the start of the intensive insulin therapy in all diabetics and, thereafter, refraction decreased gradually with a maximum recovery time of 94 days. A statistically significant positive correlation between refractive changes and magnitude of plasma glucose concentrations as well as HbA1c percentages was observed (P <0.001). No significant modifications in the explored refractive components were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient hyperopic changes are highly dependent on the magnitude of plasma glucose concentrations and rapid correction of hyperglycemia is strictly correlated with complete recovery of refraction. To account for this phenomenon, the sorbitol production via the polyol pathway with overhydration of the lens remains the best pathophysiological hypothesis at this time.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Opthalmology, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. crigiust@tin.it
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giusti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin