title: Capnographic monitoring of ventilatory status during moderate (conscious) sedation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moderate (conscious) sedation is required to perform endoscopic procedures. Capnography provides a means for continuous, real-time monitoring of ventilation and may also decrease the incidence of oversedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective examination of all endoscopic procedures performed from January through December 2001 at our institution was undertaken to determine the potential benefits of capnographic monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 4,846 endoscopic procedures performed without capnography, adverse outcomes related to moderate sedation were noted in 14 cases (0.29%). A subset of patients at higher risk for moderate sedation was identified. There were no cases of oversedation in 600 cases monitored with capnography. The complication rates were not significantly different for the two groups ( p = 0.30, NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of capnography during moderate sedation endoscopy does not appear to significantly lower anesthesia-related morbidity. However, in cases requiring moderate sedation for prolonged procedures, in older patients with comorbidities, or in instances where respiratory excursion of the patient is obscured from view, practitioners should nonetheless consider capnography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box Surg, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14562, USA. leonidas_koniaris@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Koniaris
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drugas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019296:Capnography / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003199:Computer Systems; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000191:economics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen