title: A comparison between lecture and videotape inservice for certified nursing assistants in skilled nursing facilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Certified Nursing Assistants (CNA) provide most of the direct patient care in skilled nursing facilities (SNF). CNAs undergo mandatory inservice education regarding a variety of clinical conditions, but high CNA turnover and diverse cultural and educational backgrounds are persistent obstacles to overall staff education. A standardized, easily administered, highly reproducible training intervention would be valuable. We compared the efficacy of videotape versus standard lecture for inservice education relating to topics of dementia care, restraint use, and falls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Certified Nursing Assistants were recruited from three SNFs in San Diego County California between November 1997 and August 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 82 CNAs who participated in the study were all CNA certified in California, employees of the study SNFs, and provided direct clinical care to SNF residents. All participants received regular inservice training.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Standard inservice lecture, (2) Videotape of inservice lecture material supplemented with brief clinical video vignettes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scores on a 72-item multiple choice/true-false examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both lecture and video inservice education were effective in this CNA population. Test scores were significantly higher for both inservice groups compared with the control group (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between test scores for the two intervention groups (control = 63.1 +/- 8.2%, lecture = 78.2 +/- 8.9%, video = 77.9 +/- 11.2%). Knowledge retention was similar between the two intervention groups at 4 months. Lecture subjects who scored highest were more likely to have family members with dementia (P = 0.037), and video subjects who scored highest were younger (P = 0.007). CNA video subjects who scored highest on the examination were more likely to have English as their primary language compared with the highest scoring CNA lecture subjects (P = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with control group scores, videotape and lecture inservice interventions were equally effective at increasing and maintaining test scores. The ease of frequent video intervention and the identification of learner characteristics most suited to the video format make audiovisual education a potentially powerful medium for CNA training. These data have important implications for future educational interventions in the SNF.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of California at San Diego, 92103-8415, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Renvall
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Bulow
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ramsdell