title: Morphological characterization of elastin-mimetic block copolymers utilizing cryo- and cryoetch-HRSEM.
abstract: Elastin-mimetic block copolymers were produced by genetic engineering. Genetically driven synthesis permitted control of the final physiochemical characteristics of the block copolymers. We designed BB and BAB block copolymers in which the A-block was hydrophilic and the B-block was hydrophobic. By designing the copolymers in this manner, it was proposed that they would self-assemble into micellar aggregates that, at high concentration, would form thermoreversible hydrogels. To analyze the three-dimensional fine surface morphology of the copolymers, to the resolution level of a few nanometers, we employed cryo-HRSEM. This method provided vast expanses of the specimen in its frozen hydrated state for survey. In our initial cryo-HRSEM studies, we observed the protein filaments and micelles surrounded by lakes of vitreous ice. Upon examination at low and intermediate magnifications, there was an extensive honeycomb-like filamentous network. To delineate the fine morphology of the hydrogel network at high magnification and to greater depths, we cryoetched away unbound water from the sample surface, in high vacuum, prior to chromium deposition. By using this technique, we were able to visualize for characterization purposes the fine fibril networks formed from the micellar aggregates over the surface of the hydrogel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Vincent P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Conticello
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Apkarian
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016616:Cryoultramicrotomy; D004549:Elastin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D015202:Protein Engineering; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D011108:Polymers; C088513:poly(lactic acid-ethylene glycol); D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004549:Elastin