title: Grading of scientific evidence--a discussion paper from SHPIC.
abstract: This paper examines some of the issues in the grading and use of evidence, and suggests that the (US) Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) system used by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) and others is useful, but that it needs development to take account not only of type of study, but also of quality. It also considers the need to complement evidence of efficacy from randomised controlled trials, which may involve selected patients in selected centres, with evidence of "real-life" effectiveness. Furthermore, there are occasions where randomised controlled trials are not necessary. A grading system to take account of these issues is proposed for discussion.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Health Purchasing Information Centre (SHPIC), Grampian Health Board, Summerfield House, 2 Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6RE.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waugh
mesh_terms: D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D019370:Observation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012606:Scotland; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D016270:United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality