title: Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with type 2 diabetes are often treated with oral antidiabetic agents plus a basal insulin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and safety of glimepiride combined with either morning or bedtime insulin glargine or bedtime neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-label, randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  111 centers in 13 European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  695 patients with type 2 diabetes who were previously treated with oral antidiabetic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomization to treatment with morning insulin glargine, bedtime NPH insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine for 24 weeks in addition to 3 mg of glimepiride. The insulin dose was titrated by using a predefined regimen to achieve fasting blood glucose levels of 5.56 mmol/L or lower (< or =100 mg/dL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemoglobin A(1c) values, blood glucose levels, insulin dose, and body weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemoglobin A(1c) levels improved by -1.24% (two-sided 90% CI, -1.10% to -1.38%) with morning insulin glargine, by -0.96% (CI, -0.81% to -1.10%) with bedtime insulin glargine, and by -0.84% (CI, -0.69% to -0.98%) with bedtime NPH insulin. Hemoglobin A(1c) improvement was more pronounced with morning insulin glargine than with NPH insulin (0.40% [CI, 0.23% to 0.58%]; P = 0.001) or bedtime insulin glargine (0.28% [CI, 0.11% to 0.46%]; P = 0.008). Baseline to end-point fasting blood glucose levels improved similarly in all three groups. Nocturnal hypoglycemia was less frequent with morning (39 of 236 patients [17%]) and bedtime insulin glargine (52 of 227 patients [23%]) than with bedtime NPH insulin (89 of 232 patients [38%]) (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia was lower with glimepiride in combination with morning and bedtime insulin glargine than with glimepiride in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Morning insulin glargine provided better glycemic control than did bedtime insulin glargine or bedtime NPH insulin.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung für Endokrinologie, Stoffwechsel und Pathobiochemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Matthias Axel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C057619:glimepiride