title: Modifying the Yuzpe regimen of emergency contraception: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emergency contraceptives can prevent unintended pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. The best-studied regimen ("Yuzpe") consists of ordinary combined oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. Women traditionally take one dose within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, and a second dose 12 hours later. Historically, half experience nausea and a fifth vomit. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 1). women could use combined oral contraceptives other than those containing levonorgestrel and 2). eliminating the second dose improves comfort and convenience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women presenting within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse were randomized to receive 1). standard two-dose Yuzpe, 2). a variant of Yuzpe substituting norethindrone for levonorgestrel, or 3). only the first dose of Yuzpe, followed 12 hours later by a placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perfect-use failure rates were low in all groups and did not differ in a statistically significant way (standard Yuzpe 2.0% [n = 589], norethindrone-ethinyl estradiol 2.7% [n = 547], single dose of Yuzpe 2.9% [n = 546]). Typical-use failure rates were slightly higher but similarly did not differ significantly. Side effects were similar across groups, except that women taking the single dose reported half the vomiting. Taking the pills with food did not seem to reduce nausea or vomiting, and the pills were not more effective when started sooner after unprotected intercourse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral contraceptives containing norethindrone-ethinyl estradiol work approximately as well for emergency contraception as levonorgestrel-ethinyl estradiol formulations and should be offered when first-line therapies are not available.
authors.affiliation: Ibis Reproductive Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. cellertson@ibisreproductivehealth.org
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellertson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bigrigg
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haskell
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shochet
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trussell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003281:Contraceptives, Postcoital / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003281:Contraceptives, Postcoital; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D009640:Norethindrone