title: Epitope-dependent blocking of the angiotensin-converting enzyme dimerization by monoclonal antibodies to the N-terminal domain of ACE: possible link of ACE dimerization and shedding from the cell surface.
abstract: In a biomembrane modeling system, reverse micelles, somatic ACE forms dimers via carbohydrate-mediated interaction, providing evidence for the existence of a carbohydrate-recognizing domain on the ACE molecule. We localized this putative region on the N-domain of ACE using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to seven different epitopes of ACE. Two mAbs, 9B9 and 3G8, directed to distinct, but overlapping, epitopes of the N-domain of ACE shielded the CRD. Only "simple" ACE-antibody complexes were found in the system. Five mAbs allowed the formation of "double" antibody-ACE-ACE-antibody complexes via carbohydrate-mediated interactions. The results were confirmed using the ACE N- and C-domains. Testicular ACE was unable to form carbohydrate-mediated ACE dimers in the reverse micelles, while the N-domain of ACE, obtained by limited proteolysis of the parent full-length ACE, retained the ability to form dimers. Furthermore, mAb 3G8, which blocked ACE dimerization in micelles, significantly inhibited ACE shedding from the surface of ACE-expressing cells. Galactose prevented ACE dimerization in reverse micelles and also affected antibody-induced ACE shedding in an epitope-dependent manner. Restricted glycosylation of somatic ACE, obtained by the treatment of CHO-ACE cells with the glucosidase inhibitor N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, significantly increased the rate of basal ACE shedding and altered antibody-induced ACE shedding. A chemical cross-linking approach was used to show that ACE is present (at least in part) as noncovalently linked dimers on the surface of CHO-ACE cells. These results suggest a possible link between putative ACE dimerization on the cell surface and the proteolytic cleavage (shedding) of ACE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Balyasnikova
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Chemodanova
authors.forename: Irina I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Nikolskaya
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Sergei M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Danilov
mesh_terms: D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D016466:CHO Cells; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D000939:Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005959:Glucosidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002241:Carbohydrates; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D000939:Epitopes; D008823:Micelles; D014867:Water; D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin; C059896:miglustat; D005959:Glucosidases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A