title: Permeation of cytotoxic formulations through swatches from selected medical gloves.
abstract: The permeability of selected medical glove materials to various cytotoxic agents is described. Fifteen cytotoxic agents were prepared at the highest concentrations normally encountered by hospital personnel. Four single-layer and two double-layer glove systems made of two materials--latex and neoprene--were exposed to the drugs for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. Circular sections of the glove material were cut from the cuff and evaluated without any pretreatment. Permeability tests were conducted in an apparatus consisting of a donor chamber containing the cytotoxic solution and a collection chamber filled with water (the acceptor medium). The two sections were separated by the glove material. Permeating portions, collected in water as the acceptor medium, were analyzed by either ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometry or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Permeation rates were calculated on the basis of the concentration of the cytotoxic agent in the acceptor medium. Spectrophotometric measurements were taken every 30 minutes, and HPLC analysis was performed at the end of the three-hour period. Average permeation rates for 14 drugs were low (< 0.2 nmol/[min.cm2]) or no permeation was detected in all glove materials. All glove materials tested were impermeable to most of the cytotoxic agents over a period of three hours. Carmustine was the only agent that substantially permeated single-layer latex glove materials. Permeation of most tested cytotoxic formulations was low through swatches of material from various medical gloves.
authors.affiliation: St. Bernward-Apotheke, Hildesheimer Strasse 240, D-30519 Hannover, Germany. st.bernward.apo@pharma-online.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lambov
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samev
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carstens
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D007840:Latex / Q000032:analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D009387:Neoprene / Q000032:analysis; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007840:Latex; D009387:Neoprene