title: Nitrogen cycling in a Norway spruce plantation in Denmark--a SOILN model application including organic N uptake.
abstract: A dynamic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) circulation model, SOILN, was applied and tested on 7 years of control data and 3 years of manipulation data from an experiment involving monthly N addition in a Norway spruce ( Picea abies, L. Karst) forest in Denmark. The model includes two pathways for N uptake: (1) as mineral N after mineralisation of organic N, or (2) directly from soil organic matter as amino acids proposed to mimic N uptake by mycorrhiza. The model was parameterised and applied to the data from the control plot both with and without the organic N uptake included. After calibration, the models performance was tested against data from the N-addition experiment by comparing model output with measurements. The model reproduced well the overall trends in C and N pools and the N concentrations in soil solutions in the top soil layers whereas discrepancies in soil-solution concentrations in the deeper soil layers are seen. In the control data, the needle-N concentration was well reproduced except for small underestimations in some years because of drought effects not included in the model. In the N-addition experiment, SOILN reproduces the observed changes; in particular, the changes in needle-N concentrations and the overall distribution within the ecosystem of the extra added 3.5 g N m(-2) year(-1) parallel the observations. When organic N uptake is included, the simulations indicate that in the control plot receiving c. 1.9 g N m(-2) year(-1), the organic N uptake in average supplies 35% of the total plant N uptake. By addition of an extra 35 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), the organic N uptake is reduced to 16% of the total N uptake. Generally, inclusion of the pathway for organic N uptake improves model performance compared with observations for both C and N. This is because mineral N uptake alone implies a larger mineralisation rate, leading to bigger concentrations of N in the soil and soil water, bigger N losses, and net loss of c. 100 kg C ha(-1) year(-1), thereby causing depletion of the organic soil layer.
authors.affiliation: RISO National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. claus.beier@risoe.dk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eckersten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gundersen
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D003718:Denmark; D008954:Models, Biological; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D028222:Picea / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen