Grape and grape seed extract capacities at protecting LDL against oxidation generated by Cu2+, AAPH or SIN-1 and at decreasing superoxide THP-1 cell production. A comparison to other extracts or compounds.
A large body of evidence supports the key role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare the capacity of natural polyphenols (PP) from Vitis vinifera and Olea europea at protecting LDL against oxidation brought about by Cu2+, oxygen-centered radical-generating AAPH, or peroxynitrite-generating SIN-1 in vitro systems, or at impairing superoxide production in promonocyte cells (THP-1) conveniently differentiated into adherent macrophages. PP were either from the whole grape (fraction A) containing mainly procyanidins, (epi)-catechin and anthocyanins, or from grape seed extracts (fractions B and C) consisting of tannins and procyanidin oligomers with a higher content in B than in C, or from a grape skin extract (fraction D) consisting mainly of anthocyanins, or from a hydrosoluble olive mill wastewater PP extract (fraction E) containing hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein. Chlorogenic acid (F) and catechin (G) were taken as archetypes of PP preventing oxidation partly as copper scavenger and as radical scavenger only, respectively. All grape fractions were efficient towards Cu2+ system (equally or more efficient than F), whereas they were rather poorly efficient towards AAPH and SIN-1 (less efficient than G but as efficient as F). Among the PP fractions, B was the most effective at protecting LDL in the SIN-1 system and at impairing THP-1 superoxide production. Taken together, these data suggest that the PP fraction from grape seed rich in procyanidins achieves the best compromise between the direct and indirect (i.e. cell-mediated) types of action in protecting LDL against oxidation, strengthening the need for improving the knowledge of its bioavailability in humans.
Shafiee
Manijeh
M
Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine et Athérogenese, UPRES-EA 2033, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier I, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
Carbonneau
Marie-Annette
MA
Urban
Nelly
N
Descomps
Bernard
B
Leger
Claude L
CL
D000578:Amidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
D000578:Amidines; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D016877:Oxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D013481:Superoxides; C002385:linsidomine; C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane); D003300:Copper; D002392:Catechin; D008981:Molsidomine