title: Relationship between human leukocyte antigen status and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with younger-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) to assess the genetic basis of PDR in younger type 1 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes under 30 years of age (range, 13-28) and had a disease duration of more than 10 years were studied. The patients were divided into two groups: 30 patients who had undergone vitreous surgery younger than 40 years old (the PDR group) and 50 patients without retinopathy (the non-DR group). The duration of diabetes and the level of glycemic control were matched between the two groups. The control group consisted of 50 healthy patients. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ typing of blood samples was done using the standard microcytotoxicity method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of HLA-B62, Cw4, and DQ4 was significantly higher in the PDR group than in the non-DR group (P =.0020, P =.048, and P =.0026, respectively). The Cw4-DR4-DQ4 haplotype frequency was significantly higher in the PDR group than in the control group and the non-DR group (P =.0059).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggests that HLA-B62, Cw4, and DQ4 may be useful for predicting the prognosis of retinopathy in patients with younger-onset type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. mimura@mbg.shere.ne.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchigata
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araie
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006680:HLA Antigens