title: "Perfect health" versus "disease free": the impact of anchor point choice on the measurement of preferences and the calculation of disease-specific disutilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During preference testing, some investigators use "perfect health" as the upper anchor point of their measurement scale ("Q scale"), whereas others use "disease free" ("q scale"), which can confound the interpretation and comparison of study results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured current health preferences among 74 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) on both the Q and q scales using the visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), time tradeoff (TTO), and willingness to pay (WTP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in mean Q and q scale values for the VAS, SG, and WTP (for all, P < 0.011); there were no significant differences for mean TTO values (P = 0.592). CSM accounted for 63% to 82% of total disutility, whereas other comorbidities accounted for 28% to 37%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preferences for CSM differ when measured on the Q and q scales. Caution should be used when comparing and interpreting health values measured on scales with different upper anchors.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, Surgical Service Line, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, USA. joseph.kingjr@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Mindi A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Styn
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsevat
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003657:Decision Making; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013169:Spondylolysis / Q000145:classification* / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology