Political conservatism as motivated social cognition.
Analyzing political conservatism as motivated social cognition integrates theories of personality (authoritarianism, dogmatism-intolerance of ambiguity), epistemic and existential needs (for closure, regulatory focus, terror management), and ideological rationalization (social dominance, system justification). A meta-analysis (88 samples, 12 countries, 22,818 cases) confirms that several psychological variables predict political conservatism: death anxiety (weighted mean r = .50); system instability (.47); dogmatism-intolerance of ambiguity (.34); openness to experience (-.32); uncertainty tolerance (-.27); needs for order, structure, and closure (.26); integrative complexity (-.20); fear of threat and loss (.18); and self-esteem (-.09). The core ideology of conservatism stresses resistance to change and justification of inequality and is motivated by needs that vary situationally and dispositionally to manage uncertainty and threat.
Jost
John T
JT
Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, California 94305, USA. jost_john@gsb.stanford.edu
Glaser
Jack
J
Kruglanski
Arie W
AW
Sulloway
Frank J
FJ
D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D011057:Politics; D012938:Social Perception