title: Use of positive contrast rhinography and intranasal sinography for diagnosis of a nasofacial sinus tract in a dog.
abstract: Twelve days after a dog fight, a 2-year-old sexually intact female Bulldog was evaluated because of subcutaneous emphysema of increasing severity throughout the dogs body. Thoracic radiography revealed severe pneumomediastinum from which free air had extended into the retroperitoneal space, resulting in pneumoperitoneum. Tracheoscopic examination did not reveal a discontinuity of the trachea, pharynx, or larynx. A breach between the nasal cavity and subcutaneous tissues of the nasal region was suspected. Further diagnostic investigations included positive contrast rhinography and intranasal sinography. Via an angiographic catheter inserted into the left naris, positive contrast intranasal sinography revealed a sinus tract extending between the left nasal cavity and the subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal aspect of the nasal planum. Resolution of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoretroperitoneum began 1 day after surgical closure of the intranasal opening of the sinus tract. To the authors' knowledge, this radiographic technique has not been reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Robert de J
authors.initials: Rde J
authors.lastname: Cruz-Arámbulo
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.forename: Phillip F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Steyn
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shelly
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hays
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D009302:Nasopharyngeal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009666:Nose / Q000293:injuries; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000662:veterinary; D016156:Respiratory Tract Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*