title: Changes in gene expression in latent HSV-1-infected rabbit trigeminal ganglia following epinephrine iontophoresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to identify the genes that express in the nervous system when herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivates from latency by using subtraction cloning following epinephrine iontophoresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The corneas of New Zealand White rabbits (2 to 2.5 kg) were topically inoculated with 5 x 10(5) PFU of plaque-purified HSV-1 strain McKrae. Corneal infection was monitored by slit lamp examination (SLE) on days 3-7 after infection. At 30 d post-infection, eyes were assessed for infectious virus by ocular swabs. Disappearance of virus in ocular swabs signified latency for HSV-1. Latently-infected rabbits were subjected to transcorneal iontophoresis. The messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from the trigeminal ganglia and used for subtraction cloning and subtraction library synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate 18 genes with increased expression and 6 genes with decreased levels. Northern blot analysis revealed that genes for OX-40 ligand, MHC class II HLA-DR-alpha and beta-microglobulin showed predominant increase followed by tyrosine 3'-monooxygenase, proteolipid protein, tyrosine beta, and apolipoprotein D. Genes that underwent reduced expression included cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, ATP synthase isoform, cytochrome b, ATPase 9, and at least one unidentified gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results, particularly the increased detection of OX-40 ligand and MHC class II-alpha and beta-2 microglobulin, support the finding that lymphocytes persist in latently-infected trigeminal ganglia (TGs). These results also suggest a role of the immune system in HSV-1 recurrences. In addition, we have detected genes associated with neuronal disorders, OX-40L, proteolipid protein, and apolipoprotein D.
authors.affiliation: The Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Byungsuk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hyeon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dass
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vinay
authors.forename: Byoung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000235:genetics*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D007478:Iontophoresis; D011817:Rabbits; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine