title: Different mechanisms of adhesion molecule expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells by xanthoma tissue-mediated and copper-mediated oxidized low density lipoproteins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated in infiltration of foam cells derived from circulating monocytes. Monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and migration into dermis are essential steps for infiltration of foam cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the role of adhesion molecules contributing to the process of monocyte adhesion to human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). Special attention was paid to the signal transduction for adhesion molecule expression induced by two distinct types of oxidized LDL.
  
  
  METHODS
  HDMEC were incubated with xanthoma tissue-modified LDL (x-LDL), a model of extravasated LDL oxidized in xanthoma lesions, or Cu(2+)-treated LDL (Cu-LDL), a model of oxidized LDL. Adhesion of U937 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, to HDMEC and expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules on HDMEC were examined. Signal transduction pathways for the adhesion molecule expression were evaluated by employing specific inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  x-LDL induced adhesion of U937 cells to HDMEC through vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin by activating tyrosine kinase pathway. Cu-LDL up-regulated the adhesion through not only VCAM-1 and E-selectin but also intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by activating G(i) protein pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extravasated and oxidized LDL in xanthoma lesions contributes to foam cell recruitment by activating tyrosine kinase pathway and inducing adhesion of monocytes to HDMEC through VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Cu-LDL, on the other hand, activates G(i) protein pathway and induces the adhesion through ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Okohcho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan. matsumo@kochi-ms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seike
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008833:Microcirculation; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014973:Xanthomatosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D003300:Copper