title: Risk factors for hypotony maculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risk factors for hypotony maculopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty-eight eyes of 228 patients with hypotony from one medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chart review of patients with hypotony from January 1988 to April 2001. Hypotony was defined as intraocular pressure of 5 mmHg or less. Cases of hypotony maculopathy had retinal or choroidal folds or both within the arcades. Controls had hypotony alone. Risk factors were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk factors for hypotony maculopathy, including age, gender, race, refractive error, systemic illness, intraocular pressure, primary filtering surgery, use of antifibrotic agents, and presence of choroidal effusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one case eyes with hypotony maculopathy and 147 control eyes with hypotony alone were identified. The mean age of patients with hypotony maculopathy was 50.5 years +/- 18.7 compared with 70.6 years +/- 12.7 for the control patients (P < 0.001). More patients with hypotony maculopathy were male, 54.3% (44 of 81), than controls, 33.6% (49 of 147) (P = 0.004). The refractive error was -3.02 +/- 3.67 diopters (D) for phakic eyes with hypotony maculopathy (n = 31), whereas the phakic control eyes' (n = 30) refractive error was -0.61 D +/- 2.00 (P = 0.003). Choroidal effusion was found in 21% (17 of 81) of the case eyes at diagnosis and 52.4% (77 of 147) of the control eyes (P < 0.001). Race distribution and use of antifibrotics was similar for both groups. In multivariate analyses, young age, male gender, no history of diabetes, and absence of choroidal effusion predicted the development of hypotony maculopathy; in phakic eyes myopia was also a risk factor for hypotony maculopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young age, male gender, and myopia are significant risk factors for hypotony maculopathy. A history of diabetes and the presence of choroidal effusion are associated with a decreased risk for hypotony maculopathy.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Lilia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fannin
authors.forename: Joyce C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Budenz
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia; D015814:Ocular Hypotension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors