title: Randomized trial of 2 versus 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen for women aged 50 years or older with early breast cancer: Italian Interdisciplinary Group Cancer Evaluation Study of Adjuvant Treatment in Breast Cancer 01.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 2 with 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in the treatment of early breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with breast carcinoma T1-3, N0-3, M0, who were between 50 and 70 years of age, were eligible irrespective of menopausal status, tumor grade, or estrogen receptor (ER) status. Patients who were event-free after 2 years of tamoxifen therapy were randomly assigned to stop or continue tamoxifen therapy for an additional 3 years. The primary end point was length of disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1989 through 1996, 1,901 patients were randomly assigned either to stop treatment (n = 958) or to receive tamoxifen for 3 additional years (n = 943). The median duration of postrandomization follow-up was 52 months. We found no statistically significant differences between the 5-year arm and the 2-year arm in terms of DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.08) and OS (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.46). In ER-positive patients, a statistically significant prolongation of DFS related to longer treatment duration was observed (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.93), whereas no difference in OS could be detected (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.32). No differences in terms of endometrial cancers, cardiac or cerebrovascular events, or fractures were detected, whereas a doubling in the risk of thromboembolic events was found in the 5-year arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm previous research that shows that 5 years of tamoxifen decreases recurrence compared to 2 years in patients with ER-positive tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belfiglio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Berardis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franciosi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolucci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen