title: Role of VEGF-A in vascularization of pancreatic islets.
abstract: Blood vessel endothelium has been recently shown to induce endocrine pancreatic development. Because pancreatic endocrine cells or islets express high levels of vascular endothelial growth factors, VEGFs, we investigated the role of a particular VEGF, VEGF-A, on islet vascularization and islet function. By deleting VEGF-A in the mouse pancreas, we show that endocrine cells signal back to the adjacent endothelial cells to induce the formation of a dense network of fenestrated capillaries in islets. Interestingly, VEGF-A is not required for the development of all islet capillaries. However, the few remaining capillaries found in the VEGF-A-deficient islets are not fenestrated and contain an unusual number of caveolae. In addition, glucose tolerance tests reveal that the VEGF-A-induced capillary network is not strictly required for blood glucose control but is essential for fine-tuning blood glucose regulation. In conclusion, we speculate that islet formation takes place in two sequential steps: in the first step, signals from blood vessel endothelium induce islet formation next to the vessels, and in the second step, the islets signal to the endothelium. The second step involves paracrine VEGF-A signaling to elaborate the interaction of islets with the circulatory system.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. lammert@mpi-cbg.de
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lammert
authors.forename: Guqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brekken
authors.forename: Lewis Charles
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Murtaugh
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Napoleone
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Melton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000166:cytology; D004727:Endothelium / Q000502:physiology; D006652:Histological Techniques; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply*; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008954:Models, Biological; D015398:Signal Transduction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse