title: High preprocedural non-HDL cholesterol is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and monocyte activation after coronary angioplasty: possible implications in restenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether enhanced oxidant stress in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is associated with a higher concentration of non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol at baseline, and whether this contributes to the inflammatory reaction and luminal renarrowing after PTCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ex vivo and in vitro study of 46 patients who underwent PTCA and who had repeat angiograms after six months. Blood samples were collected immediately before PTCA, and at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 15 days after.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  46 patients (30 male, 16 female; mean (SD) age, 62 (5) years) with stable or unstable angina who underwent elective PTCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous variable luminal loss as defined by change in minimum lumen diameter during follow up, normalised for vessel size; lag phase of low density lipoprotein to in vitro oxidation; plasma fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation (FPLP); plasma vitamin C and E; interleukin (IL) 1beta secretion from unstimulated monocytes; plasma C reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restenosis occurred in 12 patients (26%). Oxidant stress after PTCA was greater (p < 0.0001 at 15 days) in the patients with restenosis and showed a significant correlation with the preprocedural concentration of non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). Inflammatory reaction (as reflected by IL-1beta production and CRP) and late lumen loss were linearly correlated (p < 0.001) with lag phase and FPLP throughout the study, and inversely (p < 0.05) with vitamin C and E measured at two and 15 days after PTCA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for the critical role of cholesterol dependent oxidant stress in the pathophysiology of restenosis after PTCA. The findings raise the possibility that drugs capable of modulating oxidant status might provide a novel form of adjuvant treatment in patients with hypercholesterolaemia undergoing PTCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Aging, University of Chieti G D'Annunzio School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cipollone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fazia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Cesare
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paloscia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Materazzo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Annunzio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bucciarelli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vecchiet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cuccurullo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mezzetti
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007375:Interleukin-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein