title: [Reduction of spastic increased muscle tone in multiple sclerosis by the nonopioid analgesic flupirtine].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A reduction of muscle tone in rats can be found after intraperitoneal or intrathecal injection of flupirtine in analgetic doses. However, a muscle-relaxing effect in patients with spasticity has not yet been shown. In this study we investigated whether flupirtine can reduce the increased muscle tone in patients with spasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The muscle-relaxing effect of flupirtine was compared to that of tetrazepam and of placebo in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over design. Altogether 9 patients with spastically increased muscle tone of the lower limbs were investigated. The EMG activity integral of the rectus femoris muscle was chosen as quantitative parameter for degree and change of muscle tone. The EMG activity integral was measured using a dynamic bicycle ergometer 60, 120 and 180 min after administration of the tested drugs. The degree of spasticity was measured as the quotient of the EMG activity integral of the active and passive rotation phase. This quotient is inversely proportional to the spastic muscle activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With flupirtine a significant increase in the EMG activity integral was found after 60 min (maximum effect). From 120 min it showed a slow decline. With tetrazepam the maximal effect was reached after 180 min. Placebo did not change the EMG activity integral during the experiment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the thesis that flupirtine has a muscle-relaxing effect in patients with pathologically increased muscle tone.
authors.affiliation: Neurologisch-verhaltensmedizinische Schmerzklinik Kiel, Universität Kiel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pergande