title: The National Cardiovascular Center electrohydraulic total artificial heart and ventricular assist device systems: current status of development.
abstract: Electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) and electrohydraulic ventricular assist device (EHVAD) systems have been developed in our institute. The EHTAH system comprises a pumping unit consisting of blood pumps and an actuator, as well as an electronic unit consisting of an internal controller, internal and external batteries, and transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) and optical telemetry (TOT) subunits. The actuator, placed outside the pericardial space, reciprocates and delivers hydraulic silicone oil to the alternate blood pumps through a pair of flexible oil conduits. The pumping unit with an external controller was implanted in 10 calves as small as 55 kg. Two animals survived for more than 12 weeks in a good general condition. The assumed cardiac output ranged between 6 and 10 L/min, the power consumption was 12-18 W, and the energy efficiency was estimated to be 9-11%. Initial implantation of subtotal system including electronic units was further conducted in another calf weighing 73 kg. It survived for 3 days with a completely tether free system. The EHVAD system is developed by using the left blood pump and the actuator of the EHTAH, which were packaged in a compact metal casing with a compliance chamber. In vitro testing demonstrated maximum output more than 9 L/min and more than 13% maximum efficiency. The initial animal testing lasted for 25 days. These results indicate that our EHTAH and EHVAD have the potential to be totally implantable systems.
authors.affiliation: Artificial Organs Department, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taenaka
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishinaka
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takewa
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukiya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshikawa
authors.forename: Yukitoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakuta
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shioya
authors.forename: Nobumasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: Hisateru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Kinji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchimoto
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakui
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D004867:Equipment Design; D006354:Heart, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology