title: Three-dimensional morphology of inner ear development in Xenopus laevis.
abstract: The three-dimensional morphology of the membranous labyrinth of Xenopus laevis is presented from embryonic through late tadpole development (stages 28 to 52, inclusive). This was accomplished by paint-filling the endolymphatic spaces of Xenopus ears at a series of stages, beginning with the embryonic otic vesicle and ending with the complex ear of the late tadpole. At stage 52, the inner ear has expanded approximately 23-fold in its anterior/posterior dimension compared with stage 28 and it is a miniature of the adult form. The paint-filling technique illustrates the dramatic changes required to convert a simple ear vesicle into the elaborate form of the adult, including semicircular canal formation and genesis of vestibular and auditory organs, and it can serve as a basis for phenotype identification in experimentally or genetically manipulated ears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Michele Miller
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bever
authors.forename: Ying Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fekete
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000196:embryology*; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000196:embryology; D010641:Phenotype; D013997:Time Factors; D014982:Xenopus laevis