title: Induction of interleukin-12 production in mouse macrophages by berberine, a benzodioxoloquinolizine alkaloid, deviates CD4+ T cells from a Th2 to a Th1 response.
abstract: In this study we investigated whether berberine-mediated induction of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production in antigen-presenting cells could regulate a cytokine profile of antigen-primed CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Pretreatment with berberine induced IL-12 production in both macrophages and dendritic cells, and significantly increased the levels of IL-12 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and in CD40 ligand-stimulated dendritic cells. Importantly, berberine pretreatment of macrophages increased their ability to induce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and reduced their ability to induce IL-4 in antigen-primed CD4+ T cells. Berberine did not influence the macrophage cell surface expression of the class II major histocompatibility complex molecule, the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1. Addition of neutralizing anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody to cultures of berberine-pretreated macrophages and CD4+ T cells restored IL-4 production in antigen-primed CD4+ T cells. The in vivo administration of berberine resulted in the enhanced induction of IL-12 production by macrophages when stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes, leading to the inhibition of the Th type 2 cytokine profile (decreased IL-4 and increased IFN-gamma production) in antigen-primed CD4+ T cells. These findings may point to a possible therapeutic use of berberine or medicinal plants containing berberine in the Th type 2 cell-mediated immune diseases such as allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea. taekim@chonnam.ac.kr
authors.forename: Tae S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bok Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Daeho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001599:Berberine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001599:Berberine; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma