title: Intensive group training versus cognitive intervention in sub-acute low back pain: short-term results of a single-blind randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short-term effect of physical exercise and a cognitive intervention in low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three patients sick-listed for 8-12 weeks for sub-acute low back pain were randomized to an exercise regime (n = 30), a cognitive intervention (n = 34) or a control group (n = 29).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measures were pain, disability, sick-listing and satisfaction with care. Secondary outcome measures were self-efficacy for pain and for function, fear-avoidance beliefs, emotional distress, generic health status and life satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen percent of subjects dropped out. Drop-out was most frequent in the exercise group. At 18 weeks after inclusion fear-avoidance beliefs were reduced in both intervention groups. The cognitive group demonstrated significant improvement in disability, self-efficacy for pain, emotional distress, general health and life satisfaction. Patients in the exercise group were significantly more satisfied with the treatment, and patients following the exercise protocol reduced pain significantly. No effect on sick-listing was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive intervention improved disability and may be feasible for most patients sick-listed in the sub-acute phase. Physical exercise reduced patients' symptoms, but requires high motivation by patients. Despite positive effects in intervention groups on variables considered as negative prognostic factors for long-term disability and sickness absence, interventions had no effect on sick-listing.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, Norway. Kjersti.Storheim@nih.no
authors.forename: Kjersti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Storheim
authors.forename: Jens Ivar
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Brox
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Anne Kathrine
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bø
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome