title: Effect of contraction frequency on the contractile and noncontractile phases of muscle venous blood flow.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing muscle contraction frequency, which alters the duty cycle and metabolic rate, would increase the contribution of the contractile phase to mean venous blood flow in isolated skeletal muscle during rhythmic contractions. Canine gastrocnemius muscle (n = 5) was isolated, and 3-min stimulation periods of isometric, tetanic contractions were elicited sequentially at rates of 0.25, 0.33, and 0.5 contractions/s. The O2 uptake, tension-time integral, and mean venous blood flow increased significantly (P < 0.05) with each contraction frequency. Venous blood flow during both the contractile (106 +/- 6, 139 +/- 8, and 145 +/- 8 ml x 100 g-1 x min-1) and noncontractile phases (64 +/- 3, 78 +/- 4, and 91 +/- 5 ml x 100 g-1 x min-1) increased with contraction frequency. Although developed force and duration of the contractile phase were never significantly different for a single contraction during the three contraction frequencies, the amount of blood expelled from the muscle during an individual contraction increased significantly with contraction frequency (0.24 +/- 0.03, 0.32 +/- 0.02, and 0.36 +/- 0.03 ml x N-1 x min-1, respectively). This increased blood expulsion per contraction, coupled with the decreased time in the noncontractile phase as contraction frequency increased, resulted in the contractile phase contribution to mean venous blood flow becoming significantly greater (21 +/- 4, 30 +/- 4, and 38 +/- 6%) as contraction frequency increased. These results demonstrate that the percent contribution of the muscle contractile phase to mean venous blood flow becomes significantly greater as contraction frequency (and thereby duty cycle and metabolic rate) increases and that this is in part due to increased blood expulsion per contraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA. mchogan@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samaja
authors.forename: Creed M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stary
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Gladden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen