title: Release and skin permeation studies of Naproxen from hydrophillic gels and effect of terpenes as enhancers on its skin permeation.
abstract: The skin permeation parameters of Naproxen through albino mouse abdominal skin was investigated. Out of 5 formulations those prepared from carbomer gels showed promising results and were chosen for investigating enhancing effect of various terpene alcohol viz. Geraniol and Nerolidol and cyclic terpenes viz menthol and thymol on skin permeation of Naproxen. Out of the four terpenes studied Geraniol exhibited the highest enhancing effect with enhancement ratio 4.6, while Nerolidol had an enhancement ratio 4.2. The cyclic terpenes had less prompt enhancing effect compared to the alcohol terpenes, out of the two, methol showed the largest effect with an enhancement ratio of about 3.7 and thymol had an enhancement ratio of 3.5.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ghosal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005079:Excipients; D005782:Gels; D051379:Mice; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005079:Excipients; D005782:Gels; D013729:Terpenes; D009288:Naproxen