Identifying adolescents with high percentage body fat: a comparison of BMI cutoffs using age and stage of pubertal development compared with BMI cutoffs using age alone.
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether body mass index (BMI) cutoffs calculated according to age and pubertal stage are superior to BMI cutoffs calculated on the basis of age alone at correctly identifying children and adolescents with high levels of adiposity.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Dunedin, a university city in New Zealand.


METHODS
In total, 368 healthy Caucasian children and adolescents (179 males, 189 females) aged 8.5-15.5 y had their percentage body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). High adiposity was defined as > or =25% body fat in males and > or =35% body fat in females. The sensitivity, specificity and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of two Z-score distributions of BMI were calculated for each gender.


RESULTS
Forty-nine males (27.3%) and 43 females (22.8%) had high DXA-measured percentage body fat. In all, 86% of males and females with high adiposity were correctly identified by BMI cutoffs calculated according to age alone, with 89% of males and 97% of females with low adiposity being correctly classified. Similar results were observed when BMI cutoffs utilising both age and stage of pubertal development were used; 90% of males and 88% of females with high adiposity and 92% of both males and females with low adiposity were correctly classified according to BMI.


CONCLUSIONS
Categorisation of BMI according to both age and pubertal stage of development does not produce cutoffs that are superior to BMI cutoffs calculated on the basis of age alone at identifying children with high DXA-measured adiposity.


BACKGROUND
University of Otago and the Health Research Council, New Zealand.
Taylor
R W
RW
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. rachael.taylor@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
Falorni
A
A
Jones
I E
IE
Goulding
A
A
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D009765:Obesity / Q000145:classification; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*