title: Copper in drinking water: not a strong risk factor for diarrhoea among young children. A population-based study from Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether mean daily intake of copper or maximal concentration of copper in drinking water is related to the incidence of diarrhoea and vomiting among young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean daily intake of copper from drinking water was estimated prior to episodes of diarrhoea among 430 children aged 9 to 21 mo. A total of 4703 samples of tap water were collected in the homes of the children. The mean daily intake of copper and the maximal concentration of copper in samples of consumed water were used as measures of exposure. The cumulative incidence of acute diarrhoea and vomiting was studied during 12 wk of follow-up. Cases of diarrhoea caused by viral and bacterial infections were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median copper level of the mean value for each child was 0.61 mg/L with 10th and 90th percentiles of 0.04 and 1.57 mg/L. Among the 430 children, 43 had episodes of acute diarrhoea, of which 23 had no identified viral or bacterial origin, and vomiting was reported in 95 children. No significant associations were found between daily intake of copper or maximal concentration of copper in drinking water and the risk of diarrhoea or vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is unlikely to be a strong association between daily intake of copper or maximal concentration of copper in drinking water and the risk of diarrhoea or vomiting within the range of copper intakes/concentrations studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden. rolf.pettersson@vgregion.se
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oskarsson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D003300:Copper