title: Identification of intermediate and branch metabolites resulting from biotransformation of 2-benzoxazolinone by Fusarium verticillioides.
abstract: Detoxification of the maize (Zea mays) antimicrobial compound 2-benzoxazolinone by the fungal endophyte Fusarium verticillioides involves two genetic loci, FDB1 and FDB2, and results in the formation of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid. Intermediate and branch metabolites were previously suggested to be part of the biotransformation pathway. Evidence is presented here in support of 2-aminophenol as the intermediate metabolite and 2-acetamidophenol as the branch metabolite, which was previously designated as BOA-X. Overall, 2-benzoxazolinone metabolism involves hydrolysis (FDB1) to produce 2-aminophenol, which is then modified (FDB2) by addition of a malonyl group to produce N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid. If the modification is prevented due to genetic mutation (fbd2), then 2-acetamidophenol may accumulate as a result of addition of an acetyl group to 2-aminophenol. This study resolves the overall chemistry of the 2-benzoxazolinone detoxification pathway, and we hypothesize that biotransformation of the related antimicrobial 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone to produce N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)malonamic acid also occurs via the same enzymatic modifications. Detoxification of these antimicrobials by F. verticillioides apparently is not a major virulence factor but may enhance the ecological fitness of the fungus during colonization of maize stubble and field debris.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA. aglenn@saa.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: F I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Bacon
mesh_terms: D000627:Aminophenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001583:Benzoxazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000627:Aminophenols; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001583:Benzoxazoles; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C027667:2-aminophenol; C017057:benzoxazolone