title: [Conservative and surgical therapy of urinary incontinence and bladder complaints in the man].
abstract: Treatment of incontinence and bladder complaints in the male should be directed to the cause whenever possible. Frequently, however, only symptomatic therapy is possible. Urge incontinence or overactive bladder due to obstruction should primarily be treated by eliminating the obstruction. Medical and surgical treatment methods are available for benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder neck hypertrophy and prostatic cancer. In contrast, bladder neck sclerosis and uretheral strictures can only be treated surgically. Anticholinergics are primarily indicated if urge symptoms/incontinence persist after obstruction has been relieved or if urge incontinence occurs without obstruction. Seldom, in special cases injection of Botulinustoxin A or augmentation of the bladder may be indicated. Another possible cause of urge symptoms is urinary tract infection. This should be adequately treated according to resistance studies and the cause of the infection determined. In cases of overflow incontinence the infravesicle obstruction must be sought and treated. If limited detrusor contractability is the cause of overflow incontinence and the bladder cannot be emptied through pressmicturition, parasympathicometics may be of help. By insufficient effect, the procedure of intermittent self-catheterization must be taught. If this is not possible, the last resort is placement of a transuretheral or percutaneous catheter for continuous drainage. Stress incontinence is a rare complication in men, usually following prostatic surgery. It can be treated conservatively with pelvic floor training and alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists and if necessary surgically with submucosal collagen or silicon injections in the sphincter area or implantation of a sphincter prosthesis. Supravesicular urinary diversion is occasionally necessary after conservative and less invasive surgical measures have been exhausted and symptomatic suffering persists. Neurogenic disturbances in bladder capacity and/or emptying can be treated conservatively, medically, surgically or a combination of these depending upon the site of the lesion and the resulting urodynamic patterns.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Universitätsklinik, Inselspital, Bern. hansjoerg.danuser@insel.ch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Danuser
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D008297:Male; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*