title: Overexpression and constitutive activation of FLT3 induces STAT5 activation in primary acute myeloid leukemia blast cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activating length mutations in the juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-LM) and mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD) of FLT3 represent the most frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the functional role of active FLT3 mutants in primary AML blast cells is not well characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the transforming potential and the signaling of FLT3-ITD mutants in Ba/F3 cells and in primary AML blasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FLT3-ITD mutants induce an autophosphorylation of the receptor, interleukin 3-independent growth in Ba/F3 cells, and a strong STAT5 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. In contrast to the FLT3-ITD mutants, the ligand-stimulated FLT3-WT receptor was unable to transduce a fully proliferative response in Ba/F3 and monocytic OCI-AML5 cells. The ligand-stimulated FLT3-WT receptor activated AKT and MAPK, but not STAT5. In primary blast cells from 60 patients with AML, FLT3 was expressed in 91.9% of patients carrying a FLT3-LM/TKD mutation compared with 77.8% in FLT3-LM/TKD-negative patients. STAT3 and STAT5 were constitutively activated in 76 and 63% of patients, respectively. In accordance with the results in Ba/F3 cells, a high FLT3 expression and the presence of a FLT3-LM was strongly associated with the STAT5 but not with the STAT3 activation in primary AML blast cells. Moreover, the constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 was efficiently down-regulated by a FLT3 protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor in AML cells expressing an active FLT3 mutant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active FLT3 receptor mutants have transforming potential in hematopoietic cells and induce a strong activation of STAT5 in primary AML cells. The FLT3-STAT5 pathway contributes to the malignant phenotype and represents a promising molecular therapeutic target structure in AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, Clinical Cooperative Group Leukemia, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, 81377 Munich, Germany. spiekermann@gsf.de
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spiekermann
authors.forename: Ksenia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bagrintseva
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmieja
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiddemann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008894:Milk Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007211:Indoles; D008894:Milk Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C416849:SU 5614; D015534:Trans-Activators; C497970:FLT3 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases