title: Array biosensor for detection of toxins.
abstract: The array biosensor is capable of detecting multiple targets rapidly and simultaneously on the surface of a single waveguide. Sandwich and competitive fluoroimmunoassays have been developed to detect high and low molecular weight toxins, respectively, in complex samples. Recognition molecules (usually antibodies) were first immobilized in specific locations on the waveguide and the resultant patterned array was used to interrogate up to 12 different samples for the presence of multiple different analytes. Upon binding of a fluorescent analyte or fluorescent immunocomplex, the pattern of fluorescent spots was detected using a CCD camera. Automated image analysis was used to determine a mean fluorescence value for each assay spot and to subtract the local background signal. The location of the spot and its mean fluorescence value were used to determine the toxin identity and concentration. Toxins were measured in clinical fluids, environmental samples and foods, with minimal sample preparation. Results are shown for rapid analyses of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, cholera toxin, botulinum toxoids, trinitrotoluene, and the mycotoxin fumonisin. Toxins were detected at levels as low as 0.5 ng mL(-1).
authors.affiliation: Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA. fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil
authors.forename: Frances S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Ligler
authors.forename: Chris Rowe
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Taitt
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Shriver-Lake
authors.forename: Kim E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sapsford
authors.forename: Yura
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shubin
authors.forename: Joel P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Golden
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014118:Toxins, Biological