title: Fentanyl decreases propofol requirement for laryngeal mask airway insertion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since fentanyl is a potent depressant of the upper airway reflex, preadministration of fentanyl may facilitate insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) using propofol. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that fentanyl pretreatment would reduce the dose of propofol required for the LMA insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one healthy patients without sedative premedication were randomly assigned to either fentanyl group, receiving fentanyl 2 microg kg-1 intravenously, or control group, receiving equal volumes of normal saline. Then, 3 ml of 2% lidocaine was given intravenously to alleviate pain associated with propofol administration. Thirty s after the fentanyl or saline injection, a predetermined dose of 1% propofol was given at a rate of 100 mg min-1. Insertion of the LMA was attempted 90 s after the completion of the propofol injection. The dose of propofol given to a particular patient was determined by the response of the preceding patient in that group to a higher or lower dose, using the up-and-down method. The first patient in each group received 2.5 mg kg-1 of propofol, while the step-size was 0.25 mg kg-1. Patients responses were assessed by a blinded observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ED50 and ED95 of propofol requirements were significantly less in the fentanyl group (0.82, 1.17 mg kg-1, respectively) than those in the control group (2.39, 2.62 mg kg-1, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that preadministration of fentanyl 2 microg kg-1 decreases the propofol requirement for the LMA insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. tgoyagi@doc.med.akita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goyagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol