title: Enhanced lipid peroxidation and platelet activation in the early phase of type 1 diabetes mellitus: role of interleukin-6 and disease duration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate early events possibly related to the development of diabetic angiopathy, we examined whether 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) formation, a marker of in vivo oxidant stress, is altered in different stages of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and whether it correlates with the rate of thromboxane (TX) A2 biosynthesis, a marker of in vivo platelet activation. We also investigated the relationship between inflammatory markers and F2-isoprostane formation in this setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cross-sectional study was performed in 23 insulin-treated patients aged <18 years with new-onset T1DM (<or=6 weeks, group A), matched for age and gender with 23 patients with stable disease (>1 year, group B). Urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha and 11-dehydro-TXB2 were measured in all patients and in age- and gender-matched controls. Circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein were also determined as markers of the inflammatory response. Fifteen of the 23 children in group A were reexamined after 12 months. Compared with either controls or group B, diabetic children in group A showed significantly higher levels of 8-iso-PGF2alpha, 11-dehydro-TXB2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein. Statistically significant correlations between IL-6 and both 8-iso-PGF2alpha (r=0.63, P<0.001) and 11-dehydro-TXB2 (r=0.51, P<0.01) were observed. The 15 patients reexamined after 1 year showed a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and platelet activation (P<0.02 and P<0.001, respectively), consistent with reduced levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that enhanced lipid peroxidation and platelet activation represent early events in T1DM that are possibly related to an acute inflammatory response. These noninvasive indexes may help in further examining T1DM pathophysiology and monitoring pharmacological interventions to interfere with disease development and progression.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence on Aging and Department of Medicine, University of Chieti G. D'Annunzio Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chieti, Italy. gdavi@unich.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davì
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santilli
authors.forename: Mariapina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomilio
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basili
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciabattoni
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patrono
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018450:Disease Progression; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015539:Platelet Activation; D012016:Reference Values; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D013995:Time; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D013928:Thromboxane A2; C049235:11-dehydro-thromboxane B2; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015237:Dinoprost