title: Maillard reaction products inhibit oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins in vitro.
abstract: Dietary intake of antioxidants has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is very likely caused by their capability of prevent oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). During food processing and storage, substances with antioxidative properties are formed by Maillard reactions. In this study, the activity of Maillard products to inhibit copper-induced oxidation of human LDL in vitro was investigated. d-Glucose was heated with an equimolar amount of glycine, l-lysine, or l-arginine, for 1 h under reflux. The increase of the antioxidative activity (AOA) of the Maillard mixtures was highly significant compared to the control mixtures. Additionally, two defined Maillard products with amino reductone structure were tested. 3-Hydroxy-4-(morpholino)-3-buten-2-one (1) and amino hexose reductone (2) showed a significant and dose dependent AOA. Compound 1 was about half as active as ascorbic acid, which served as positive control. Thus, it can be concluded that Maillard products, particularly those with amino reductone structure, have the strong potential to inhibit LDL oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstr. 21-23, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dittrich
authors.forename: Faroukh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El-Massry
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Carlo C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Peich
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pischetsrieder
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry*; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D015416:Maillard Reaction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C017945:scorbamic acid; D003300:Copper; D001120:Arginine; D005947:Glucose; D008239:Lysine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D005998:Glycine