title: A 12 years audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in terms of indications, diagnostic efficacy, and diseases diagnosed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  DHQ Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March 1990 to December 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy in 12 years were included. Upper GI endoscopies were performed according to standard protocol. Endoscopic diagnoses were based on widely accepted criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 8481 patients, 4935 (58.2%) were female and 3546 (41.8%) male. Mean patient age was 40.5 years. Dyspepsia (42.6%), upper GI bleed (32.8%), and evaluation of chronic liver disease (10.2%) were common indications of the procedure. An endoscopic diagnosis was possible in 82.6% patients. Varices, gastritis, duodenitis, and combined lesions were common endoscopic diagnosis. Gastritis and duodenitis were most frequent causes of upper GI bleed. We noted more gastric ulcers compared to duodenal ulcers. Females had significantly more normal endoscopies, p-value=0.02.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upper GI endoscopy is an effective procedure. Dyspepsia evaluation is commonest indication for upper GI endoscopy in our patients. Etiology of upper GI bleed, and incidence of duodenal ulcer compared to gastric ulcer in our patients are different than described in literature. Females have significantly more normal endoscopies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, DHQ Hospital, Raja Bazar, Rawalpindi. mkhurram@zybermail.com
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khurram
authors.forename: Hamama-tul-Bushra
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Khaar
authors.forename: Zubair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.forename: Tanseer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Minhas
authors.forename: Abrar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atta
authors.forename: Farzana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: Asia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masoom
authors.forename: Qanait
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pervaiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies