title: Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling connections maps.
abstract: Cytokines are inflammatory mediators important in responding to pathogens and other foreign challenges. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two cytokines produced by T helper type 2 cells, mast cells, and basophils. In addition to their physiological roles, these cytokines are also implicated in pathological conditions such as asthma and allergy. IL-4 can stimulate two receptors, type I and type II, whereas IL-13 signaling is mediated only by the type II receptor (see the STKE Connections Maps). These cytokines activate the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascades, which may contribute to allergic responses. In addition, stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway through recruitment of members of the insulin receptor substrate family may contribute to survival and proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kelly-Welch
authors.forename: Erica M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boothby
authors.forename: Achsah D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Keegan
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053661:Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053660:Receptors, Interleukin-13; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: C508181:IL13RA1 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D053661:Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053660:Receptors, Interleukin-13; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D015847:Interleukin-4; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases