title: Inducible nitric oxide synthase and bcl-2 expression in nasopharyngeal cancer: correlation with outcome of patients after radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and bcl-2 proteins was evaluated and the prognostic significance determined in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients treated by radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue sections from 55 patients with NPC were assessed for iNOS and bcl-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, and in situ hybridization before treatment. The markers were correlated with apoptosis (detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay) and clinicopathologic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All NPC sections exhibited positive iNOS and bcl-2 immunoreactivity, with a mean percentage of 6.24% +/- 0.58% and 17.09% +/- 2.48%, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between iNOS expression and the apoptotic index (p < 0.0001, Pearson's r = 0.8518), and bcl-2 expression correlated inversely with apoptosis (p = 0.0001; Pearson's r = -0.6170). A significant inverse correlation was found between iNOS and bcl-2 immunoreactivity (p < 0.0001, Pearson's r = -0.7144). Bcl-2 but not iNOS expression was associated with the stage of the tumor according to the criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (1997) (p < 0.0001). Patients who had recurrence of the tumor and metastasis after radiotherapy had a lower expression of iNOS (p = 0.014 and p = 0.035, respectively), although overall survival was not significantly different statistically. Higher bcl-2 expression was also associated with local tumor recurrence (p = 0.005) but not with metastasis or overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that iNOS and bcl-2 expression may be potentially useful biomarkers for predicting the outcome of radiotherapy in NPC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jayasurya
authors.forename: S Thameem
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Dheen
authors.forename: Wai-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Nam-Guan
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yee-Kong
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Boon-Huat
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II