title: Reconstitution of the latent T-lymphocyte response to Epstein-Barr virus is coincident with long-term recovery from posttransplant lymphoma after adoptive immunotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adoptive transfer of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has been used to treat EBV-induced posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in solid-organ recipients. This study defines, in detail, the temporal relationship between adoptive transfer and the clinical response, EBV DNA load, and CTL response to EBV latent and lytic antigens in a patient with a subcutaneous PTLD presentation treated with adoptive transfer of autologous CTL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A heart transplant patient developed multiple subcutaneous PTLD deposits and was treated with a total of six doses (20 x 106 CTL per dose) of cultured autologous polyclonal EBV-specific CTL by adoptive transfer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete regression occurred after the sixth CTL dose, and the patient has remained disease-free from 47 weeks to the present (136 weeks). Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a reduction in viral load after therapy. Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis using defined EBV CTL epitopes showed that the CTL precursor frequency (pCTL) toward a lytic antigen epitope was elevated early in the course of disease but tended to decrease to lower levels after long-term regression of PTLD. The most dramatic result was seen in relation to three latent CTL epitopes studied. Long-term regression of PTLD was characterized by high pCTL toward the latent antigens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased pCTL reactivity to latent EBV CTL epitopes is coincident with recovery from disease after adoptive transfer of autologous CTL. Furthermore, the results are compatible with the belief that activation of a sustained CTL response to EBV latent epitopes is protective and may be a characteristic of patients in long-term remission from PTLD.
authors.affiliation: The Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research and University of Queensland Joint Oncology Program, Brisbane, Australia. martinaS@qimr.edu.au
authors.forename: Martina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sherritt
authors.forename: Mandvi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bharadwaj
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: Leanne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Laurie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kear
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Slaughter
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Galbraith
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Denis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral