title: Effects of a 16-month randomized controlled exercise trial on body weight and composition in young, overweight men and women: the Midwest Exercise Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In light of the current obesity epidemic, treatment models are needed that can prevent weight gain or provide weight loss. We examined the long-term effects of a supervised program of moderate-intensity exercise on body weight and composition in previously sedentary, overweight and moderately obese men and women. We hypothesized that a 16-month program of verified exercise would prevent weight gain or provide weight loss in the exercise group compared with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized controlled efficacy trial. Participants were recruited from 2 midwestern universities and their surrounding communities. One hundred thirty-one participants were randomized to exercise or control groups, and 74 completed the intervention and all laboratory testing. Exercise was supervised, and the level of energy expenditure of exercise was measured. Controls remained sedentary. All participants maintained ad libitum diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise prevented weight gain in women and produced weight loss in men. Men in the exercise group had significant mean +/- SD decreases in weight (5.2 +/- 4.7 kg), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) (1.6 +/- 1.4), and fat mass (4.9 +/- 4.4 kg) compared with controls. Women in the exercise group maintained baseline weight, body mass index, and fat mass, and controls showed significant mean +/- SD increases in body mass index (1.1 +/- 2.0), weight (2.9 +/- 5.5 kg), and fat mass (2.1 +/- 4.8 kg) at 16 months. No significant changes occurred in fat-free mass in either men or women; however, both had significantly reduced visceral fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate-intensity exercise sustained for 16 months is effective for weight management in young adults.
authors.affiliation: Energy Balance Laboratory, Schiefelbusch Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA. jdonnelly@ku.edu
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potteiger
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heelan
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hise
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Fennessey
authors.forename: Bakary
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sonko
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jakicic
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Zung V
authors.initials: ZV
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Washburn
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*