title: Is irritable bowel syndrome more likely to be persistent in those with relatives who suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms? A population-based study at three time points.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis that subjects with relatives who suffered from abdominal pain or bowel dysfunction would be at an increased risk of more persistent irritable bowel syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A valid, self-report questionnaire was mailed to an age- and gender-stratified random sample of residents, aged 30-64 years, in Olmsted County, MN, USA, on three occasions over a 4-year period. Persistent irritable bowel syndrome was defined as the presence of irritable bowel syndrome on at least two of the three surveys, and fluctuating irritable bowel syndrome was defined as the presence of irritable bowel syndrome on only one of the surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were less likely to have persistent irritable bowel syndrome over the age of 50 years [odds ratio (OR), 0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09, 0.47]. A positive family history was reported by 23%. A family history of gastrointestinal symptoms was independently associated with persistent irritable bowel syndrome (vs. no irritable bowel syndrome: OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3, 4.9) and fluctuating irritable bowel syndrome (vs. no irritable bowel syndrome: OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3, 4.4). However, subjects reporting a positive family history were not more likely to report persistent vs. fluctuating irritable bowel syndrome (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5, 2.9). The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2, 4.3) and a history of food sensitivity (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.9, 6.9) were the only other predictors of persistent irritable bowel syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of abdominal pain or bowel troubles in first-degree relatives appears to be independently associated with both persistent and fluctuating irritable bowel syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kalantar
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Locke
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Talley
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fett
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Melton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003109:Colonic Diseases, Functional / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal