title: Bioactivity of secoiridoid glycosides from Centaurium erythraea.
abstract: As part of our on-going search for bioactive compounds from Scottish plants, two secoiridoid glycosides, swertiamarin and sweroside, have been isolated from the aerial parts of Centaurium erythraea Rafn (Family: Gentianaceae) by reversed-phase preparative HPLC coupled with a photo-diode-array detector. The structures of these compounds were elucidated unambiguously by UV, FABMS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and also by comparing experimental data with literature data. Antibacterial, free radical scavenging activities and general toxicity of these glycosides have been assessed. Both compounds inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter freundii and Escherichia coli. While swertiamarin was also active against Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens, sweroside inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Swertiamarin and sweroside exhibited significant general toxicity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay and the LD50 values were 8.0 microg/ml and 34 microg/ml, respectively, whereas that of the positive control podophyllotoxin, a well known cytotoxic lignan, was 2.79 microg/ml. Chemotaxonomic implications of these compounds in the family Gentianaceae have also been discussed briefly.
authors.affiliation: Phytopharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaspars
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sarker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001156:Artemia; D029966:Centaurium; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011753:Pyrones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011753:Pyrones; C013270:swertiamarin; C049412:sweroside