title: Association of estrogen and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with tooth loss and oral bone loss in Japanese postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and tooth loss, oral bone loss, and postcranial bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms at the ER PvuII and XbaI and VDR BsmI gene sites, number of teeth remaining, oral bone mass, and BMD of the lumbar spine and the hip were evaluated in 149 Japanese postmenopausal women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of ER PvuII and XbaI and VDR BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphisms was as follows: pp, 30.2%; Pp, 49.7%; PP, 20.1%; xx, 71.8%; Xx, 22.5%; XX, 2.7%; bb, 76.5%; Bb, 22.2%; and BB, 1.3%. Analysis of covariance adjusted for confounding variables revealed that participants with pp allele had fewer teeth remaining than did those with P allele. There were no significant differences in oral bone mass and postcranial BMD among three alleles at the PvuII site. Participants with X and bb allele had less oral bone mass and lower postcranial BMD than did those with xx and B allele, respectively. We could not clarify the positive associations between XbaI and BsmI polymorphism and number of teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PvuII polymorphism was associated with tooth loss, but not with oral bone mass and postcranial BMD. XbaI and BsmI polymorphisms may be associated with bone mass or density; however, PvuII polymorphism might contribute to another unknown pathway related to tooth loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hiroshima University Dental Hospital, Japan. akiro@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suei
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Koso
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000235:genetics*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017698:Postmenopause; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen