title: Epr analysis reveals three tissues responding to endotoxin by increased formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
abstract: The excessive formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in tissue has been implicated in the development of various diseases. In this study we adopted ex vivo low temperature EPR spectroscopy combined with spin trapping technique to measure local RONS levels in frozen tissue samples. CP-H (1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine), a new nontoxic spin probe, was used to analyze RONS in vivo. In addition, nitrosyl complexes of hemoglobin were determined to trace nitric oxide released into blood. By this technique we found that RONS formation in tissue of control animals increased in the following order: liver < heart < brain < cerebellum < lung < muscle < blood < ileum < kidney < duodenum < jejunum. We also found that endotoxin challenge, which represents the most common model of septic shock, increased the formation of RONS in rat liver, heart, lung, and blood, but decreased RONS formation in jejunum. We did not find changes in RONS levels in other parts of gut, brain, skeletal muscles, and kidney. Scavenging of RONS by CP-H was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, indicating that LPS-induced vasodilatation may be due to RONS, but not due to nitric oxide. Experiments with tissue homogenates incubated in vitro with CP-H showed that ONOO(-) and O(2)(*)(-), as well as other not identified RONS, are detectable by CP-H in tissue. In summary, low-temperature EPR combined with CP-H infusion allowed detection of local RONS formation in tissues. Increased formation of RONS in response to endotoxin challenge is organ specific.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria. andrey.kozlov@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kozlov
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szalay
authors.forename: Fraz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kropik
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nohl
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Redl
authors.forename: Soheyl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahrami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013113:Spin Labels; D019097:Spin Trapping
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013113:Spin Labels