title: Whiplash injury: cases with a long period of sick leave need biomechanical assessment.
abstract: A total of 668 cases of cervical spine disorders (CSD) sustained in automotive collisions were analysed. All cases had a minimum sick leave duration of 4 weeks. To evaluate these cases a scheme was developed that takes into account technical, medical, and biomechanical aspects. For each case, the delta-v value of the underlying collision was estimated, the medical files were analysed, and a QTF (Québec Task Force) grade was assigned. In addition, the medical history of the patient was reviewed. It was found that the QTF grade for patients with pre-existing damage of the neck or pre-existing signs differed significantly from those patients without such a history. The overall assessment, which stated the extent to which the symptoms claimed could be explained by the impact, was also found to be significantly influenced by a history of neck injury. The results of the study showed that in about 50% of the cases where the technical analysis alone would not suggest that the symptoms shown could be explained by the impact, those symptoms could be explained when patient history and the collision circumstances were taken into consideration. It also found that medical evaluation based on a QTF grade alone cannot assess the explicability of claimed CSD without taking into account the collision circumstances. Therefore, the assessment of critical individual relevant biomechanical factors is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. schmitt@biomed.ee.ethz.ch
authors.forename: K-U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muser
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015984:Causality; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology