title: Diabetes mellitus may increase risk for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease of unknown etiology. The incidence of IPF increases with age. Aging contributes to lifestyle-related diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM); therefore, it is possible that lifestyle-related diseases may affect either the initiation or progression of IPF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nippon Medical School and Omiya City Clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five consecutive patients with IPF who were admitted to Nippon Medical School Hospital from 1995 to 2000, and 184 control subjects selected from 15,798 subjects who were admitted to Omiya City Clinic for routine medical examination between September 1999 and August 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age, sex, smoking history, and results of physical examinations, blood examinations, and lung function testing were extracted from medical records and were compared with the diagnostic criteria for lifestyle-related diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted odds ratios for cigarette smoking were 5.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30 to 12.66) and 4.06 (95% CI, 1.80 to 9.15) for diabetes. There were no differences in clinical characteristics of patients with IPF that could be related to the presence of DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DM may be a risk factor for IPF.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, and Omiya City Clinic, Saitama, Japan. enomoto@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usuki
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects