Dehydroepiandrosterone protects the microcirculation of muscle flaps from ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing the expression of adhesion molecules.
Adhesion molecules contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing the endothelial adhesion and extravasation of leukocytes. Scientific evidence suggests that presurgical treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone may protect the microvasculature against this damage, but the exact mechanism is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of presurgical dehydroepiandrosterone treatment on microcirculatory hemodynamic parameters and the expression of adhesion molecules in a rat cremaster muscle flap model. Twenty male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups. In group I (n = 5), the muscle flaps did not receive presurgical treatment. In group II (n = 6), propylene glycol (30 mg/kg), the vehicle for dehydroepiandrosterone, was injected intravenously before ischemia was induced. In group III (n = 9), dehydroepiandrosterone (30 mg/kg) was injected intravenously before ischemia was induced. All flaps were subjected to 6 hours of ischemia and 90 minutes of reperfusion. Microcirculatory variables (functional capillary density, red blood cell velocity in the main flap arteriole, and numbers of rolling, sticking, and transmigrating leukocytes), blood levels of three adhesion molecules (L-selectin, Mac-1 integrin, and CD44), and the numbers of leukocytes expressing those molecules were analyzed. Analysis of the microcirculatory parameters revealed that dehydroepiandrosterone treatment before ischemia had significant preservative effects on the red blood cell velocity and functional capillary density 30 and 90 minutes after reperfusion, compared with the control and vehicle-treated groups. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were also affected by dehydroepiandrosterone treatment, as reflected by significant decreases in the numbers of sticking and transmigrating leukocytes 30 and 90 minutes after reperfusion. In dehydroepiandrosterone-treated animals, leukocytes exhibited lower levels of expression of adhesion molecules after the onset of ischemia, compared with the control groups. In this study, intravenous dehydroepiandrosterone administration reduced the activation of leukocytes and improved red blood cell velocity and capillary perfusion in the muscle flap microcirculation during ischemia-reperfusion injury. This protective effect was most likely the result of delayed expression of Mac-1 integrin, L-selectin, and CD44 molecules on leukocytes.
Ayhan
Sühan
S
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, 44195, USA.
Tugay
Cemil
C
Norton
Steven
S
Araneo
Barbara
B
Siemionow
Maria
M
D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000097:blood; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D007957:Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011292:Premedication; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D019041:L-Selectin; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone