title: [Risk factors for cerebral infarction: current topics and new developments].
abstract: Current topics and new developments in risk factors for ischemic stroke were reviewed. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cigarrette smoking, and heavy alcohol drinking have been established as being common treatable risk factors for stroke. Recent studies have clarified that homocysteine, various cardiac sources of embolism such as patent foramen ovale, antiphopholipid antibodies, lipoprotein (Lp) abnormalities including Lp(a) and remnant-like particle, insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia, infectious diseases such as Chlamydia Pneumoniae, and CRP are additional risk factors for stroke. In addition, genetic studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms have suggested that many gene polymorphisms are significant risk factors for certain subpopulations of stroke, which is recognized to be a polygenic disease. Management of these risk factors is crucial for primary prevention of stroke, which is the leading cause of death or disability all over the developed countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
mesh_terms: D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors