title: The Polycomb-group protein MEDEA regulates seed development by controlling expression of the MADS-box gene PHERES1.
abstract: The Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins MEDEA, FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM, and FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED2 regulate seed development in Arabidopsis by controlling embryo and endosperm proliferation. All three of these FIS-class proteins are likely subunits of a multiprotein PcG complex, which epigenetically regulates downstream target genes that were previously unknown. Here we show that the MADS-box gene PHERES1 (PHE1) is commonly deregulated in the fis-class mutants. PHE1 belongs to the evolutionarily ancient type I class of MADS-box proteins that have not yet been assigned any function in plants. Both MEDEA and FIE directly associate with the promoter region of PHE1, suggesting that PHE1 expression is epigenetically regulated by PcG proteins. PHE1 is expressed transiently after fertilization in both the embryo and the endosperm; however, it remains up-regulated in the fis mutants, consistent with the proposed function of the FIS genes as transcriptional repressors. Reduced expression levels of PHE1 in medea mutant seeds can suppress medea seed abortion, indicating a key role of PHE1 repression in seed development. PHE1 expression in a hypomethylated medea mutant background resembles the wild-type expression pattern and is associated with rescue of the medea seed-abortion phenotype. In summary, our results demonstrate that seed abortion in the medea mutant is largely mediated by deregulated expression of the type I MADS-box gene PHE1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology & Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland. ckoehler@botinst.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spillane
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pien
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gruissem
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grossniklaus
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005298:Fertility; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C118957:DDM1 protein, Arabidopsis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C118816:FIE protein, Arabidopsis; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; C111712:MEA protein, Arabidopsis; C475745:PHERES1 protein, Arabidopsis; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors