title: Expression and prognostic significance of kit, protein kinase B, and mitogen-activated protein kinase in patients with small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Kit receptor has been proposed as a key molecular target for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are intracellular kinases that regulate cell survival and proliferation and may play a role in Kit signal transduction. This study was designed to examine the expression and importance of Kit, PKB/Akt, and MAPK relative to standard clinical prognostic factors in SCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kit, PKB/Akt, and MAPK expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in SCLC biopsies. Clinical data were collected on tumor stage, weight loss, hematology, biochemistry, response to treatment, and survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsies from 42 patients were evaluable, and significant Kit expression (>/=35% cells) was detected in 51% of the tumors, phosphorylated PKB/Akt was detected in 62% of the tumors, and phosphorylated MAPK was detected in 48% of the tumors. Neither Kit nor PKB/Akt expression predicted for survival. Only increased expression of cytoplasmic MAPK was prognostic for survival (median, 1 year for negative staining versus 1.8 years for positive staining; P = 0.0054).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kit, PKB/Akt, and MAPK are expressed in a high percentage of SCLCs, and our data suggest that MAPK is an independent positive predictive factor in this malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M5 Canada.
authors.forename: Fiona H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Blackhall
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pintilie
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leighl
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: Ming-Sound
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Frances A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Shepherd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases