title: Cytotoxicity of dentin conditioners and primers on human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the cytotoxicity of dentin conditioners and primers on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary PDL cells were plated in 96 well culture plates and exposed to 100 microL of test solutions. Undiluted Cavity Conditioner (CC), Vitremer Primer (VP), Uni-Etch (UE), All-Bond 2 (AB), Gluma conditioner (GC), and Gluma primer (GP) were examined at full strength and at 1/100 and 1/1000 dilutions in culture medium. Cytotoxicity of the undiluted material was determined immediately following exposure of the cells to the test substance. Cytotoxicity of the diluted materials was determined immediately following a 300-second exposure of the cells to the test solution, as well as 24 hours after removal of the test solution. Cytotoxicity was expressed as lactate dehydrogenase activity retained within the cells following exposure divided by the activity in unexposed control cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to each undiluted test substance resulted in severe damage to the cells (78.2-100%). At 1/100 dilution, only exposure to UE resulted in significant cytotoxicity (72.9%) immediately following removal of the solution. But significant cytotoxicity (21-100%) was evident in cells 24 hours after removal of each of the materials. At 1/1000 dilution, exposure to UE (14.8%) and GP (27.2%) resulted in mild cytotoxicity. Twenty-four hours after removal of the solutions, there was a mild but significant cytotoxic effect of each of the test substances (18.5-49.4%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. kinomoto@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinomoto
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Carnes
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebisu
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000633:toxicity; D005976:Glutaral / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C084550:Vitremer; C100742:All-Bond 2; C006903:carbopol 940; C044372:Gluma; C030242:phosphoric acid; D005976:Glutaral