title: [Neuronal DNA damage correlates with a positive detection of c-Jun, nuclear factor kB, p53 and Par-4 transcription factors in Alzheimer's disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alzheimer s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized neuropathologically by beta amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis and neuronal loss. Recently, we have elucidated a molecular cascade of cell death induced by A beta 25 35 involving the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kB), p53, and c Jun transcription factors in vitro. At present, no comparative reports have been published to establish a similar cell death signalization pathway in in vitro and in in vivo. The aim of this investigation was to determine if AD brains might activate NF kB, p53, c Jun, Par 4 transcription factors and to establish whether there exist a relationship between neuronal DNA damage and transcription factors activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated Ab plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and NF kB, p53, and c Jun transcription factor activation in five cerebral regions from 3 normal subjects and from six demented patient with sporadic AD and one patient with AD familiar according to CERAD criteria. Using TUNEL we determine neuronal damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated neuronal damage in 17 out of 50 regions evaluated as TUNEL positive, and their distribution was heterogeneous in all brain regions evaluated; and the activation of NF kB, p53, c Jun and Par 4 transcription factors from case # 24 and #22, corresponding to TUNEL positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a correlation between severity of DNA damage and nuclear activation of the transcription factors. These findings suggest that the AD brain may induce cell death by a molecular signalization similar to a non neuronal model by Ab exposure. This in situ study might validate previous Ab induced cell death observations in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Grupo de Neurociencias, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: García-Ospina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jímenez-Del Río
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vélez-Pardo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry*; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000032:analysis*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C101296:prostate apoptosis response-4 protein