title: Tranexamic acid is beneficial as adjunctive therapy in treating major upper gastrointestinal bleeding in dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a pilot, non-randomized trial we tested the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA), a potent fibrinolytic inhibitor, as adjunctive therapy in standard treatment of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding in dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients (12 male, eight female; 63+/-8 years) with 36 episodes of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding were included in the study. In 16 episodes of bleeding TXA was used (in a dosage of 20 mg intravenously, followed for the next 4 weeks by 10 mg/kg/48 h orally), whereas in 20 other cases of bleeding, TXA was not used. The decision to use TXA was left to the attending physician's clinical judgement, resulting in all the more severe cases of bleeding being treated with TXA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment including TXA was shown to be beneficial (relative to cases not treated with TXA) in terms of decreasing the rate of early re-bleeding (in the first week, 0 vs 6, P<0.05), the rate of early and late re-bleeding (in the first month, 1 vs 8, P<0.05), the rate of repeated endoscopic procedures (in the first month, 1 vs 8, P<0.05) and the number of blood transfusions needed (in the first month, 1.4+/-1.3 vs 2.6+/-1.5 units, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot study suggest that TXA can be beneficial in the treatment of major upper gastrointestinal bleeding in dialysis patients. This remains to be definitely confirmed in a randomized study.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre, Department for Vascular Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia. miso.sabovic@trnovo.kclj.si
authors.forename: Miso
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabovic
authors.forename: Janez
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavre
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vujkovac
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid