title: Inhibition of taurolithocholate 3-sulfate-induced apoptosis by cyclic AMP in rat hepatocytes involves protein kinase A-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
abstract: The mechanisms underlying the inhibition of bile acid-induced apoptosis by cyclic AMP (cAMP) were studied in 24-h-cultured rat hepatocytes. Taurolithocholate 3-sulfate (TLCS, 100 micromol/l) led to a sustained activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases (JNK, p38(MAPK), and ERKs), dephosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB), activation of caspases 3 and 8, and hepatocyte apoptosis. cAMP prevented TLCS-induced apoptosis, shifted the persistent TLCS-induced MAP kinase response to a transient pattern, and prevented PKB dephosphorylation. TLCS-induced CD95 and TRAIL receptor-2 trafficking to the plasma membrane were significantly inhibited. Blockade of protein kinase A (PKA) abolished the inhibitory effect of cAMP on TLCS-induced CD95 membrane targeting, but not TRAIL receptor-2 membrane targeting, PKB and MAP kinase responses. H89, an inhibitor of PKA, had no effect on cAMP-induced inhibition of TLCS-triggered poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage and caspase activation, but abolished the cAMP-induced inhibition of TLCS-triggered TUNEL- and Annexin V staining. It is concluded that cAMP inhibits bile acid-induced apoptosis via PKA-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reinehr
authors.forename: Anna Kordelia
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Häussinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013658:Taurolithocholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505644:Tnfrsf10b protein, rat; D019014:fas Receptor; C066776:taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate; D013658:Taurolithocholic Acid; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; C505528:Casp8 protein, rat; C506435:Casp9 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases