title: Recombination in Mycoplasma hominis.
abstract: Mycoplasma hominis has been previously described as a heterogeneous species, and in the present study intraspecies diversity of 20 M. hominis isolates from different individuals was analyzed using parts of the unlinked gyrase B (gyrB), elongation factor Tu (tuf), SRalpha homolog (ftsY), hitB-hitL, excinuclease ABC subunit A (uvrA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gap) genes. The level of variability of these M. hominis genes was low compared with the housekeeping genes from Helicobacter pylori and Neisseria meningitidis, but only few M. hominis isolates had identical sequences in all genes indicating the presence of recombination. In order to test for intergenic recombination, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed for each of the genes but no well-supported bifurcating phylogenetic trees could be obtained. The genes were tested for intragenic recombination using the correlation between linkage disequilibrium and distance between the segregating sites, by the homoplasy ratio (H ratio), and by compatibility matrices. The gap gene showed well-supported evidence for high levels of recombination, whereas recombination was less frequent and not significant within the other genes. The analysis revealed intergenic and intragenic recombination in M. hominis and this may explain the high intraspecies variability. The results obtained in the present study may be of importance for future population studies of Mycoplasma species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Ecology, Bioinformatics Research Center (BIRC), University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, Building 540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: I Z
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Søgaard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boesen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mygind
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melkova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Birkelund
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schierup
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D024601:Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NADP+) / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010444:Peptide Elongation Factor Tu / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C087406:FtsY protein, Bacteria; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D024601:Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NADP+); D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C036385:endodeoxyribonuclease uvrABC; D010444:Peptide Elongation Factor Tu; D027081:DNA Gyrase