title: Impaired acute collateral recruitment as a possible mechanism for increased cardiac adverse events in patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mortality of coronary artery disease is increased in diabetic patients. An impaired collateral function is considered a possible explanation. This study should assess the influence of diabetes on collaterals by direct invasive assessment of collateral function.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 90 consecutive patients with a chronic coronary occlusion (TCO) of >2 weeks duration a recanalization was done. Thirty patients with diabetes (33%) were compared with 60 (67%) without diabetes. Blood flow velocity and pressure were measured distal to the occlusion by intracoronary Doppler and pressure wires before PTCA, and again after PTCA during a final balloon reocclusion to assess acute recruitment of collaterals. Resistance indexes for collaterals (R(Coll)) and peripheral microcirculation (R(P)) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The R(Coll)(diabetics: 8.1+/-6.8 vs nondiabetics: 8.7+/-6.7 mmHg cm(-1)s(-1); p=0.68) and R(P)(5.6+/-4.2 vs 6.6+/-3.8 mmHg cm(-1)s(-1); p=0.30) were similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients before recanalization. During balloon reocclusion both R(Coll)and R(P)increased. This increase was significantly more pronounced in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients in TCOs <3 months duration. In TCOs of longer duration (> or =3 months) these differences were no longer detectable between both patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic patients with TCOs have similarly developed collaterals as nondiabetic patients. However, in TCOs <3 months duration the acute recruitment of collaterals in case of reocclusion is impaired. This could explain some of the higher complication rate and mortality after coronary interventions in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany. gerald.werner@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Richartz
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinke
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Hans R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Figulla
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged