title: Phase I pharmacokinetic trial of the selective oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib ('Iressa', ZD1839) in Japanese patients with solid malignant tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This phase I dose-escalating study investigated the tolerability and toxicity of the selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib ('Iressa', ZD1839) in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Thirty-one patients were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients initially received a single oral dose of gefitinib followed by 10-14 days of observation. Oral gefitinib was subsequently administered on 14 consecutive days, every 28 days. Dose escalation was from 50 mg/day to a maximum of 925 mg/day or dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most adverse events were mild (grade 1/2); the most frequent were an acne-like rash and gastrointestinal effects. Two of six patients at 700 mg/day had DLT; no further dose escalation occurred. C(max) was reached within 3-7 h and exposure to gefitinib increased with dose. Mean terminal half-life following multiple dosing was 50.1 h (range 27.8-79.7 h). A partial response (duration 35-361 days) was observed in five of the 23 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer over a range of doses (225-700 mg/day), and seven patients with a range of tumors had disease stabilization (duration 40-127 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, gefitinib showed a favorable tolerability profile in Japanese patients. The safety profile, pharmacokinetic parameters and antitumor activity observed in our study are comparable to those observed in patients from the USA and Europe.
authors.affiliation: Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. nakagawa@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Swaisland
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: R-P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011799:Quinazolines; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077156:Gefitinib