title: Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in screening and treatment of pancreatic endocrine tumours in asymptomatic patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 risk premature death from pancreatic endocrine tumours (PETs). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for small PETs. A screening and therapeutic approach for asymptomatic patients is delineated in which EUS plays a pivotal role.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of 15 patients with MEN-1 but with no symptoms of a PET. All patients underwent serum hormone measurement, including gastrin, and EUS. The findings were used to facilitate operative treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of 15 patients had a normal basal gastrin level and nine had a raised level. EUS demonstrated PETs in 14 patients and identified multiple lesions in 12. There was no predictive relationship between age or gastrin level and the number or size of PETs discovered. Thirteen patients have undergone enucleation or resection of PETs and two remain under observation. Nine of the 13 patients underwent transduodenal exploration to excise gastrinoma(s). One patient had lymph node metastases found at operation. There was no death. Self-limiting pancreatic fistula in five patients and biliary fistula in one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early and aggressive screening using EUS identifies PETs in asymptomatic patients with MEN-1. Detection of tumours at an early stage, before the development of symptoms, lymph node metastases or liver metastases, may facilitate prompt surgical intervention and improve prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrine Surgery and Section of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0331, USA. pgauger@umich.edu
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gauger
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scheiman
authors.forename: E-J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wamsteker
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins