title: [From Swiss herbs to the global plant system and individual use--a biographic approach to Alfred Vogel].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even 100 years after the birth of Alfred Vogel there is a lack of reliable data about his life as a non-doctoral therapist in the fields of naturopathy and phytotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Which documents about A. Vogel do exist, which facts do they prove about his career and which interpretations of his point of view of phytotherapy do they allow.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the methods in medical history (heuristic, critic, interpretation) video, audio and written documents from the A. Vogel Museum and A. Vogel publisher in Teufen, the A. Vogel collection in the Museum in Aesch and the Bioforce AG in Roggwil have been examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1923 to 1932 A. Vogel runs a grocer's shop or a herb and health-food store in Basel and later Bern, Zürich and Solothurn. The economic success of his health-food stores and his interest in the field of naturopathy enable him to take part in a training to become a 'natural doctor' and in 1933 he is registered by the 'Natural Doctors Association of Switzerland'. From 1935 on he is working as a nutritionalist in his own spa pension in Trogen and produces plant extracts in his 'Laboratory Bioforce'. From 1937 to 1957 he has a spa hotel in Teufen and is producer of extracts from fresh plants. He is able to travel all continents of the world from 1958 on, in order to observe customs and medical habits of different tribes. He writes about his findings in his own magazine and books. His knowledge about the usage of herbs in different cultures inspires his production of herbal extracts in his company. In 1963, to meet the increasing sales of his products, he founds the <<Bioforce AG>> where he, until the early 1990s, takes part in the adjustment of the recipes to the new pharmaceutic-medical standards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of his work as a 'natural doctor' A. Vogel becomes one of Switzerland's best known non-doctoral therapists in the 20th century. The publication of his collected wisdom in a lay-like language is a contribution to the tradition and popularity in this field through which, as well as through the development of extracts from fresh plants, he becomes a promoter of phytotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Naturheilkunde, Universitätsspital Zürich, Switzerland. joerg.melzer@usz.ch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melzer
mesh_terms: D058870:Food, Organic / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009324:Naturopathy / Q000266:history*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000266:history*; D013557:Switzerland