title: Laboratory assessment in musculoskeletal disorders.
abstract: Autoimmune-mediated musculoskeletal disorders feature the presence and pathogenic role of circulating autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. Determination of these autoantibodies provides crucial information to establish the diagnosis of these diseases. In addition, the determination of these antibodies may have prognostic value or may be used to monitor response to treatment or to predict relapse of disease. We first address the main characteristics of several autoantibody assays that are considered to be clinically most relevant. These include rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated antibody (anti-CCP), antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA). Subsequently we provide a brief overview of the most important musculoskeletal disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis/CREST, polymyositis/dermatomyositis and vasculitis. Our main goal was to address the role of the determination of autoantibodies in the diagnosis and follow-up of musculoskeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. p.vanpassen@immuno.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Paassen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damoiseaux
authors.forename: Jan Willem Cohen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tervaert
mesh_terms: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D017675:CREST Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D001323:Autoantibodies; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor