title: Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta-mediated apoptosis of primary cortical astrocytes involves inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB signaling.
abstract: Recent studies have revealed a positive correlation between astrocyte apoptosis and rapid disease progression in persons with neurodegenerative diseases. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) is a molecular regulator of cell fate in the central nervous system and a target of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) pathway. We have therefore examined the role of the PI-3K pathway, and of GSK-3beta, in regulating astrocyte survival. Our studies indicate that inhibition of PI-3K leads to apoptosis in primary cortical astrocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of a constitutively active GSK-3beta mutant (S9A) is sufficient to cause astrocyte apoptosis, whereas an enzymatically inactive GSK-3beta mutant (K85M) has no effect. In light of reports on the interplay between GSK-3beta and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and because of the antiapoptotic activity of NF-kappaB, we examined the effect of GSK-3beta overexpression on NF-kappaB activation. These experiments revealed strong inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in astrocytes upon overexpression of the S9A, but not the K85M, mutant of GSK-3beta. This was accompanied by stabilization of the NF-kappaB-inhibitory protein, IkappaBalpha and down-regulation of IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity. These findings therefore implicate GSK-3beta as a regulator of NF-kappaB activation in astrocytes and suggest that the pro-apoptotic effects of GSK-3beta may be mediated at least in part through the inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Program in Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Lynn F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Sniderhan
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Shongshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty-Sett
authors.forename: Sanjay B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Maggirwar
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D015151:Immunoblotting; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004247:DNA; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008156:Luciferases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat