title: Increased expression of thrombospondin-1 in vessel wall of diabetic Zucker rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression in the vascular wall has been related to the development of atherosclerotic lesions and restenosis. TSP-1 promotes the development of neointima and has recently been associated with atherogenesis at a genetic level. Because TSP-1 expression is responsive to glucose stimulation in mesangial cells, we hypothesized that glucose may stimulate its production by vascular cells. Thus, TSP-1 expression in the blood vessel wall may increase, providing a molecular link between diabetes and accelerated vascular lesion development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine whether the expression level of TSP-1 in vessel wall is increased in diabetes, aorta and carotid arteries of Zucker rats were used for immunostaining, Western blotting, and in situ RNA hybridization. A significant increase in TSP-1 expression was found in the adventitia of blood vessels from diabetic rats. Consistent with the well-known antiangiogenic effect of TSP-1, the number of vasa vasorum was reduced in aortas from diabetic rats. In cultured endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, TSP-1 expression increased in response to glucose stimulation (>30-fold). After balloon catheter injury to carotid arteries, expression of TSP-1 protein and mRNA was higher at all time points in the vessels of diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased expression of TSP-1 in blood vessels in diabetes may represent a new link between diabetes, atherogenesis, and accelerated restenosis. This increase in TSP-1 production may be a direct response of vascular cells to glucose.
authors.affiliation: Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Olga I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Stenina
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krukovets
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhongmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forudi
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Plow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014651:Vasa Vasorum / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D005947:Glucose