title: Subcellular distributions of rat CaM kinase phosphatase N and other members of the CaM kinase regulatory system.
abstract: Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) regulatory system is composed of multifunctional CaM kinases such as CaM kinases IV and I, upstream CaM kinases such as CaM kinase kinases alpha and beta, which activate multifunctional CaM kinases, and CaM kinase phosphatases such as CaM kinase phosphatase and CaM kinase phosphatase N, which deactivate the activated multifunctional CaM kinases. To understand the combinations of CaM kinases I and IV, CaM kinase kinases alpha and beta, and CaM kinase phosphatases, the locations of the enzymes in the cell were examined by immunocytochemical studies of cultured cells. The results indicate that CaM kinase I, CaM kinase kinase beta, and CaM kinase phosphatase occur in the cytoplasm and that CaM kinase IV, CaM kinase kinase alpha (and CaM kinase kinase beta in some cell types and tissues), and CaM kinase phosphatase N occur inside the cellular nucleus, suggesting that there are at least two different sets of CaM kinase regulatory systems, one consisting of CaM kinase I, CaM kinase kinase beta, and CaM kinase phosphatase in the cytoplasm and the other consisting of CaM kinase IV, CaM kinase kinase alpha (and CaM kinase kinase beta in some cell types and tissues), and CaM kinase phosphatase N in the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitani
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009928:Organ Specificity; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D051381:Rats; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C517599:Camk1 protein, rat; C517682:Pnck protein, rat; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C000607482:Ppm1e protein, rat; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C