title: The effect of different power densities and method of exposure on the marginal adaptation of four light-cured dental restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether marginal adhesion is sensitive to different irradiation parameters, we investigated the in vitro adhesion values of four dental resins on metal surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of eight specimens each of Z250, Filtek flow, Dyract AP and Dyract flow were placed in pre-treated stainless steel cavities and irradiated using different methods of exposure. The curing lights used were a Spectrum 800 halogen curing light at settings of 800 and 450 mW/cm(2) and an Optilux 501 ramping light. The maximum amount of push-out force required to displace the resin from the metal cavity was equated with adhesive value (shear bond strength). Comparisons (ANOVA, p<0.0001) were made within the same material and between the different materials when using different curing protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant lower bond strengths were recorded when curing was done by gradually increasing the intensity (ramping method) compared to curing with the fixed intensities (p>0.0001) Comparing the fixed intensities, significant lower bond strength values were obtained at 800 mW/cm(2) compared to 450 mW/cm(2) (p<0.0001). For all exposures, the two flowable materials demonstrated weaker values when compared to the higher filled materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantage of initial slow polymerization (more elasticity and less tension) obtained by the so-called "soft start" method, was offset by a rise in total polymerization shrinkage, when final curing was completed at 1130 mW/cm(2). These tests demonstrated that using halogen units, exposure for 40s with an intensity of 450 mW/cm(2) appeared to be the most promising for light-curing dental resin composites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Oral Sciences, School for Oral Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. tgo@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: Theunis G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Oberholzer
authors.forename: Cornelis H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pameijer
authors.forename: Sias R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Grobler
authors.forename: Roelof J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rossouw
mesh_terms: D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013193:Stainless Steel; D000267:Tissue Adhesions
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; D013193:Stainless Steel