title: Head and neck extension-fixation with a head frame for exposure of the distal internal carotid artery in carotid endarterectomy--technical note.
abstract: Adequate exposure of the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) for carotid endarterectomy may be difficult to achieve because of the position of the mandible and associated soft tissues. A simple yet effective use of a head frame is described to gain several centimeters of exposure of the distal ICA. The patient's head and neck are fixed in an extension position using a radiolucent head frame. Nasotracheal intubation and secure taping of the chin are also employed to keep the mouth closed and to prevent the mandible from spontaneously hanging down. The head frame tightly fixes the patient's neck, so the mandible does not disturb the surgical field throughout the operation. This simple method maximizes exposure of the distal ICA. The radiolucent head frame also enables intraoperative angiography to confirm the patency of the ICA and the absence of flap formation. This simple technique is useful for exposing the distal ICA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takigawa
authors.forename: Kiyoyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaka
authors.forename: Muneyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumaru
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nose
mesh_terms: D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016267:External Fixators; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck; D011187:Posture