title: In chronic pancreatitis, widespread emergence of TRAIL receptors in epithelia coincides with neoexpression of TRAIL by pancreatic stellate cells of early fibrotic areas.
abstract: TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces apoptosis by cross-linking of the two TRAIL receptors that contain a death domain, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 are receptors that do not transmit an apoptotic signal. Our aim was to determine the expression of TRAIL and its receptors in normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. We applied real-time PCR, immunohisto(cyto)chemistry, and nick-end labeling of apoptosis. In normal pancreas, a minor subset of acinar cells coexpressed TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL-R4, whereas ductular epithelium and interstitial fibroblast-like cells (FLC) expressed TRAIL-R4. TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R3 were not detected in normal pancreas. In chronic pancreatitis, the exocrine epithelium strongly expressed TRAIL-R1, -R2, -R4, and, to a lesser extent, TRAIL-R3. Islets focally neoexpressed TRAIL-R1 and -R2 and intensely expressed TRAIL-R4. Changes in TRAIL receptor expression were most pronounced in areas of inflammatory infiltration and active fibrosis. In normal pancreas, expression of TRAIL was low on the mRNA level and undetectable on the protein level. In chronic pancreatitis, FLC in areas of active fibrosis expressed TRAIL. In addition, apoptosis were most numerous in these areas. We show that these FLC are pancreatic stellate cells. Pancreatic stellate cells express TRAIL in vivo and in vitro, and TRAIL expression is enhanced by IFN-gamma. Our findings indicate that the TRAIL/TRAIL receptor system is likely to be involved in chronic pancreatitis and suggest that pancreatic stellate cells may directly contribute to acinar regression by inducing apoptosis of parenchymal cells in a TRAIL-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, and the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hasel
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dürr
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sträter
authors.forename: Roland M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walczak
authors.forename: Max G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bachem
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Möller
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C108661:TNFRSF10C protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha