title: Coupling solid-phase microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for direct and sensitive determination of halogenated fungicides in wine.
abstract: A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) for the analysis of six organochlorine fungicides (nuarimol, triadimenol, triadimefon, folpet, vinclozolin and penconazole) in wine was developed. For this purpose, polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene-coated fibers were utilized and all factors affecting throughput, precision, and accuracy of the SPME method were investigated and optimized. These factors include: matrix influence, extraction and desorption time, percentage of ethanol, pH, salt effect and desorption mode. The performed analytical procedure showed detectability ranging from 4 to 27 microg l(-1) and precision from 2.4 to 14.2% (as intra-day relative standard deviation, RSD) and 4.7-25.7% (as inter-day RSD) depending on the fungicide. The results demonstrate the suitability of the SPME-HPLC-DAD method to analyze these organochlorine fungicides in red wine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sampedro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Unceta
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goicolea
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barrio
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006219:Halogens / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006219:Halogens