title: Combined treatment with interleukin-18 and low-dose interleukin-2 induced regression of a murine sarcoma and memory response.
abstract: Among cytokines applied for immunotherapy of cancer, one of the most successful approaches to date involves systemic delivery of high-dose interleukin (IL)-2. However, the clinical utility of high-dose IL-2 has been limited by significant adverse effects, including vascular leak syndrome. Given this limitation, many attempts to decrease the dosage of IL-2 while maintaining its antitumor therapeutic effects are being made. In this study, the authors observed that combined use of IL-18 and low-dose IL-2 synergistically promoted in vitro proliferation of natural killer cells with up-regulation of IL-2 receptor-alpha and also synergistically stimulated cytolytic activity and interferon-gamma production by these cells. Furthermore, intratumoral injections of these two cytokines completely eradicated day-12 established subcutaneous tumor and induced CD4+-dependent memory in a MCA205 murine tumor model. Observed primary antitumor responses depended largely on natural killer cells and partly on CD8+ T cells. Fas-L pathway and interferon-gamma production were critical in tumor eradication. These results indicate that combined administration of IL-18 and low-dose IL-2 could be a new model for cancer immunotherapy, which probably engages the activation of natural killer cells through interferon-gamma- and Fas-L-dependent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Division of Biologic Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania, USA. yison@smc.samsung.co.kr
authors.forename: Young-Ik
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Ramsey M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dallal
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D020382:Interleukin-18; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma