title: The complete genome sequence of the carcinogenic bacterium Helicobacter hepaticus.
abstract: Helicobacter hepaticus causes chronic hepatitis and liver cancer in mice. It is the prototype enterohepatic Helicobacter species and a close relative of Helicobacter pylori, also a recognized carcinogen. Here we report the complete genome sequence of H. hepaticus ATCC51449. H. hepaticus has a circular chromosome of 1,799,146 base pairs, predicted to encode 1,875 proteins. A total of 938, 953, and 821 proteins have orthologs in H. pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, and both pathogens, respectively. H. hepaticus lacks orthologs of most known H. pylori virulence factors, including adhesins, the VacA cytotoxin, and almost all cag pathogenicity island proteins, but has orthologs of the C. jejuni adhesin PEB1 and the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). The genome contains a 71-kb genomic island (HHGI1) and several genomic islets whose G+C content differs from the rest of the genome. HHGI1 encodes three basic components of a type IV secretion system and other virulence protein homologs, suggesting a role of HHGI1 in pathogenicity. The genomic variability of H. hepaticus was assessed by comparing the genomes of 12 H. hepaticus strains with the sequenced genome by microarray hybridization. Although five strains, including all those known to have caused liver disease, were indistinguishable from ATCC51449, other strains lacked between 85 and 229 genes, including large parts of HHGI1, demonstrating extensive variation of genome content within the species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany. ssuerbaum@hygiene.uniwuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suerbaum
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Josenhans
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sterzenbach
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drescher
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Droge
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fartmann
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Zhongming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horster
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konig
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macko
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Mendz
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nyakatura
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Schauer
authors.forename: Zeli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frosch
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement; D002633:Chemotaxis; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D037521:Virulence Factors
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors