[Carcinomas of the esophago-gastric junction: surgical strategies].
There is increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagastric junction (EGJ) especially in young white men (+35% in 30 years). The reasons for this are not yet well known, however one of the main causes is gastro-esophageal-reflux disease (GERD). The differentiation of a EGT carcinoma in three subtypes is important for therapy: adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus (type I), cardia carcinoma (type II) and subcardial gastric carcinoma (type III). The most important risk-factor for type I-cancers is "barrett's metaplasia" resulting from GERD over years. The risks for the type II- and type III-carcinomas may be obesity and high caloric and fat intake. The role of Helicobacter pylori infection and adenocarcinoma of the subcardia is unproven. Preoperative tumor staging is difficult and tumor-stage is most often underestimated (esp. in the case of a high-grade dysplasia where in 43% carcinomas one already established). Therapy for all three types of EGJ tumors is surgical. Transhiatal (rarely transthoracic) esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy and proximal gastrectomy is performed for type-I-tumors, type-II and III-tumors are treated like a gastric cancer with total gastrectomy, lymphadenectomy and distal esophagectomy. Lymph-node metastases and advanced tumor-stage are bad prognostic factors, complete tumor resection (R0 resection) with extended lymphadenectomy will improve prognosis. The results of a preoperative combined-modality therapy are encouraging, but have not yet shown a definitive benefit. In case of distant metastases, radio-chemotherapy combined with gastroenterologic treatments (e.g. esophageal prostheses, PEG, etc.) will be used as a palliative treatment option.
Siegel
G
G
Klinik für Viszerale- und Transplantationschirurgie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Bern.
Wagner
M
M
Seiler
Ch
Ch
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*