title: Management of the aging forehead: a review.
abstract: Aging in the upper third of the face manifests as rhytids and ptosis of the frontal, glabellar, and brow regions. Frown lines may occur even in younger individuals as a result of habitual or dynamic forehead muscular hyperactivity. Multiple treatment options have been advocated to address forehead rhytids and brow ptosis. This article reviews 3 of the more commonly used treatment options: collagen, botulinum toxin, and surgical forehead lifting. Additionally, an algorithm is proposed as a guideline for selecting the most appropriate option for a given condition.
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: M Scott
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karlis
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Ghali
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D015361:Rhytidoplasty; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A