title: Loss of fragile histidine triad protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene protein, Fhit, which is recently thought to be a candidate tumor suppressor. Abnormal expression of fragile histidine triad has been found in a variety of human cancers, but little is known about its expression in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis and evolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections of 83 primary human hepatocellular carcionoma with corresponding para-neoplastic liver tissue and 10 normal liver tissue were evaluated immunohistochemically for Fhit protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All normal liver tissue and para-neoplastic liver tissue showed a strong expression of Fhit, whereas 50 of 83 (65.0 %) carcinomas showed a marked loss or absence of Fhit expression. The differences of Fhit expression between carcinoma and normal or para-neoplastic liver tissue were highly significant (P=0.000). The proportion of carcinomas with reduced Fhit expression showed an increasing trend (a) with decreasing differentiation or higher histological grade (P=0.219); (b) in tumors with higher clinical stage III and IV (91.3 %, P=0.000), compared with tumors with lower stage I and II (27.6 %); and (c) in cancers with bigger tumor size (>50 mm) (75.0 %, P=0.017), compared with smaller tumor size (< or = 50 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FHIT inactivation seems to be both an early and a later event, associated with carcinogenesis and progression to more aggressive hepatocellular carcinomas. Thus, evaluation of Fhit expression by immunohistochemistry in hepatocellular carcinoma may provide important diagnostic and prognostic information in clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, Beijing China. zhaopo@plagh.com.cn
authors.forename: Po
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Nin
authors.forename: Ya-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiang-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
chemical_list: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase