title: Retrospective analysis of abnormal 24-h urinary free catecholamine concentration in screening for phaeochromocytoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with hypertension often have increased 24-h excretion of urinary free catecholamines (UFCA) compared with normotensive patients, but the extent to which beta-blockade and other antihypertensive agents affect 24-h UFCA concentrations remains unclear. Consequently, many patients with slightly elevated 24-h UFCA concentrations are not adequately investigated for the presence of phaeochromocytoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective study on patients with at least one abnormal 24-h urinary collection of adrenaline (Adr), noradrenaline (NA) or dopamine (DA) between July 1997 and December 1999 to assess these issues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 168 patients identified with raised 24-h UFCA concentrations, 106 with hospital notes were audited. Of the 46 patients whose values were more than twice the upper reference limit, 24 had their result confirmed with a repeat sample and only 10 underwent computed tomography or m-iodobenzylguanidine scanning. Two patients of these 10 had a phaeochromocytoma. We observed that hypertension correlated with significantly increased NA excretion compared with normotensive patients (median value 490+/-222 nmol per 24 h versus 304+/-229 nmol per 24 h, P<0.005). Patients on beta-blockers showed a trend towards significantly increased NA excretion (P=0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients with abnormal 24-h UFCA excretion are not thoroughly investigated for the presence of phaeochromocytoma. NA concentration is significantly raised above the reference limit for patients with hypertension, and the use of beta-blockers showed a trend towards a further elevation in NA concentrations. Care must therefore be taken when interpreting abnormal NA concentrations in patients with hypertension or in those taking beta-blockers.
authors.affiliation: Kings Mill Centre for Health Care Services and John Pease Diabetes Centre, Sutton-in-Ashfield, UK. is.idris@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Iskandar R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001683:Biological Clocks; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000652:urine; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000652:urine; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002395:Catecholamines; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine