title: Fungicidal and anti-aflatoxigenic effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (lemongrass) against Aspergillus flavus Link. isolated from stored rice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a natural fungicide against aflatoxigenic fungi, to protect stored rice, using the essential oil of lemongrass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aspergillus flavus Link. was isolated from stored rice and identified as an aflatoxigenic strain. Lemongrass oil was tested against A. flavus and the test oil was fungistatic and fungicidal against the test pathogen at 0.6 and 1.0 mg ml(-1), respectively. Aflatoxin production was completely inhibited at 0.1 mg ml(-1). The results obtained from the thin layer chromatographic bioassay and gas chromatography indicated citral a and b as the fungicidal constituents in lemongrass oil. During the fumigant toxicity assay of lemongrass oil, the sporulation and the mycelial growth of the test pathogen were inhibited at the concentrations of 2.80 and 3.46 mg ml(-1), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lemongrass oil could be used to manage aflatoxin formation and fungal growth of A. flavus in stored rice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently, fungicides are not used to control fungal pests or mycotoxin production on stored rice. Rice treated with the essential oil of lemongrass could be used to manage fungal pests as well as the insect pests in stored rice. The essential oil is chemically safe and acceptable to consumers, as synthetic chemical fungicides can cause adverse health effects to consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. priyani123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Paranagama
authors.forename: K H T
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Abeysekera
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abeywickrama
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nugaliyadde
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts