title: Hepatitis A among residents of First Nations Reserves in British Columbia, 1991-1996.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis A spreads by the fecal-oral route. We hypothesize that it is more common in Aboriginal communities because of poverty, crowded housing and inadequate or substandard water and sewage systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tabulated on-reserve cases reported to First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Health Canada. We obtained information on community water supply, sewage disposal and mean population per housing unit, from site inspections in a 1994 survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crude incidence on-reserve was 31 per 100,000 persons per year (95% CI: 25 to 37), twice as high as in the general population of BC (15.1 per 100,000). Higher incidence of hepatitis A was associated with more persons per housing unit and with presence of community water supply problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ecologic, multi-factorial approach to disease prevention is needed, including upgrading housing and sanitary infrastructure, specific measures (i.e., hepatitis A vaccination) and general measures (e.g., education, poverty reduction, population planning).
authors.affiliation: First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Health Canada. ajin@unixg.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D004930:Inuit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors