title: Urinary PC-1 activity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance characterizes type 1 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy. The molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance are not completely understood. Recently some advances have been made in identification of transmembrane glycoprotein PC-1 as a potential factor of insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured urinary excretion of PC-1 (alkaline phosphodiesterase I), a potential factor of insulin resistance, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGA) in 62 type 1 diabetic patients with different damage to the kidney.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In newly detected type 1 diabetes patients, before insulin therapy, urine PC-1 excretion was significantly increased (P<0.05) over the control level. However, in patients after 12.4 years of therapy, urinary PC-1 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Decreased urine PC-1 activity (P<0.05) was found also in type 1 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria and manifest nephropathy, including those with renal failure. Urinary NAGA excretion was found to be significantly increased (P=0.001) in all but the group of type 1 diabetes patients without nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study of urinary PC-1 in patients with type 1 diabetes shows increased excretion in newly detected patients with poor glycaemic control, but decreased excretion in patients with micro-/macroalbuminuria as well as in those without apparent kidney damage. In patients with primary glomerulonephritis, urinary excretion of PC-1 was significantly decreased and that of NAGA significantly increased compared with the excretion in healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, B. Tasković 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia. stefan@ni.ac.yu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stefanović
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajić
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antić
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitić-Zlatković
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stojiljković
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ivić
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vlahović
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I / Q000032:analysis; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I; C065962:ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D011755:Pyrophosphatases