title: Childhood stuttering and speech disfluencies in relation to children's mean length of utterance: a preliminary study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of utterance length and complexity relative to the children's mean length of utterance (MLU) on stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) for children who stutter (CWS) and nonstuttering-like disfluencies (nonSLDs) for children who do not stutter (CWNS). Participants were 12 (3;1-5;11, years;months) children: 6 CWS and 6 age-matched (+/-5 months) CWNS, with equal numbers in each talker group (CWS and CWNS) exhibiting MLU from the lower to the upper end of normal limits. Data were based on audio-video recordings of each child in two separate settings (i.e., home and laboratory) during loosely structured, 30-min parent-child conversational interactions and analyzed in terms of each participant's utterance length, MLU, frequency and type of speech disfluency. Results indicate that utterances above children's MLU are more apt to be stuttered or disfluent and that both stuttering-like as well as nonstuttering-like disfluencies are most apt to occur on utterances that are both long and complex. Findings were taken to support the hypothesis that the relative "match" or "mismatch" between linguistic components of an utterance (i.e., utterance length and complexity) and a child's language proficiency (i.e., MLU) influences the frequency of the child's stuttering/speech disfluency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The reader will learn about and be able to: (1) compare different procedures for assessing the relationship among stuttering, length and complexity of utterance, (2) describe the difference between relative and absolute measures of utterance length, (3) discuss the measurement and value of mean length of utterance and its possible contributions to childhood stuttering, and (4) describe how length and complexity influence nonstuttering-like disfluencies of children who stutter as well as the stuttering-like disfluencies of children who do not stutter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center for Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences and Disorders, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN 37212, USA. courtney.t.zackheim@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Courtney T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Zackheim
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Conture
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D012107:Research Design; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000150:complications; D013342:Stuttering / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014705:Verbal Behavior