title: Reasons for the diagnostic discordance between clinicians and researchers in schizophrenia in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of schizophrenia by clinicians is not always accurate in terms of operational diagnostic criteria despite the fact that these diagnoses form the basis of case registers and routine statistics. This poses a challenge to psychiatric research. We studied the reasons for diagnostic discordance between clinicians and researchers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (n = 11,017) was followed from mid-gestation to the end of the 31st year. Psychiatric outcome was ascertained through linkage to the national hospital discharge register containing clinical diagnoses made by the attending physician. The hospital notes of all subjects admitted to hospital during the period 1982-1997 due to psychiatric disorder were reviewed and 475 research, operational DSM-III-R diagnoses were formulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six cases met operational criteria for schizophrenia. Fifty-five (57 %) had concordant diagnoses: both the clinical and research diagnoses were schizophrenia. Forty-one (43 %) had discordant diagnoses: the clinical diagnosis was other than schizophrenia (mainly schizophreniform or other psychosis). Discordant cases were more likely to be older at onset, experience a shorter treatment duration, fewer treatment episodes, and to have a comorbid diagnosis mental retardation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians do not make the diagnosis of schizophrenia as often as the application of operational criteria would suggest they should. The discordance between clinical diagnosis and the research, operational diagnosis is especially likely in cases having late onset and few contacts to psychiatric hospital.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland. kristiina.moilanen@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veijola
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Läksy
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mäkikyrö
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miettunen
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kantojärvi
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kokkonen
authors.forename: Juha T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herva
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joukamaa
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moring
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isohanni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*