title: DNA expression analysis: serial analysis of gene expression, microarrays and kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expression profiling using serial analysis of gene expression and microarray technologies allows global description of expressed genes present in biological systems. Although relatively new technologies, each having been developed in the mid-1990s, both have become established and widely used tools for identification of gene networks and gene function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review highlights DNA expression analyses published in 2002, emphasizing primarily serial analysis of gene expression and microarray technologies. We focus on the applicability of DNA expression analysis to renal disease, especially as some investigators have developed custom serial analysis of gene expression kidney libraries and kidney disease-specific 'designer chip' microarrays. Data analysis techniques and statistics are also discussed, since the challenge is generation of accurate messenger RNA profiles and interpretation of data in a manner that is both coherent and reproducible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because kidney disease pathophysiology is complex, expression analysis can identify candidate nephropathy pathogenesis genes and gene networks, which eventually could become targets for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Meanawy
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schelling
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sedor
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004247:DNA