title: Nested PCR for detection of mutans streptococci in dental plaque.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mutans streptococci such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus have been implicated in human dental caries. In an attempt to develop a rapid and sensitive method for detecting Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus in dental plaque, a nested PCR amplification based on the 16S rRNA gene was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A universal set of PCR primers for bacterial 16S rRNA gene was introduced for the first PCR, and then two sets of primers specific for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of either Strep. mutans or Strep. sobrinus were used for the second PCR. Eighteen plaque samples were analyzed, and a nested PCR was shown to be more sensitive for detecting Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus than direct PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 16S rRNA gene-based nested PCR method is a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of mutans streptococci, and may also be suitable for carrying out large-scale studies on the cariogenicity of mutans streptococci.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. tak@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayanagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Washio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S