title: Congenitally missing mandibular second premolar: treatment outcome with orthodontic space closure.
abstract: Orthodontic treatment for patients with congenitally missing mandibular second premolars can be challenging. Treatment options include keeping the deciduous second molar, extracting the molars and allowing the space to close spontaneously, autotransplantation, prosthetic replacement, and orthodontic space closure. Space closure with orthodontic appliances is demonstrated in this case report.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Casey D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fines
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rebellato
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saiar
mesh_terms: D000848:Anodontia / Q000628:therapy*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012690:Serial Extraction; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome