title: Contribution of hydrolytic enzymes produced by saprophytic fungi to the decrease in plant toxicity caused by water-soluble substances in olive mill dry residue.
abstract: We studied the influence of saprophytic fungi on the toxic effect that the water-soluble substances in dry residues from olive (ADOR) have on the growth of plants. All saprophytic fungi were able to decrease the phytotoxicity of ADOR, although the toxicity of this residue did not decrease in the same way. Penicillium chrysogenum was able to reduce the toxicity of ADOR when this residue was applied at the highest dose of 15%. Fusarium lateritum, F. graminearum and Mucor racemosus were able to reduce the toxicity of ADOR when this residue was applied at the intermediate doses. However, F. oxysporum decreased the phytotoxicity of ADOR only when the residue was applied at the lowest dose of 2.5%. All saprophytic fungi tested produce endoglucanase, endopolymetylgalacturonase and endoxiloglucanase when grown in the presence of ADOR. A close relationship was found between the decrease in the phytotoxicity of ADOR and the amount of hydrolytic enzymes produced by the saprophytic fungi. These results shows that hydrolytic enzymes can be important in the degradation of phytotoxic substances present in olive mill dry residue.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof Albareda 1, Apartado 419, 18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sampedro
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ocampo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Romera
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009089:Mucor / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010938:Plant Oils; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils; D006867:Hydrolases; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C023121:endopolymethylgalacturonase; C072818:xyloglucan endo(1-4)-beta-D-glucanase; D002480:Cellulase