title: A new strategy for improved nicotine vaccines using conformationally constrained haptens.
abstract: Constrained nicotine analogues were synthesized and coupled to the carrier protein KLH. The immunogenic effects were compared to those using our previously designed flexible nicotine hapten. Immunization of mice with the constrained hapten conjugates resulted in highly increased antibody titers and affinity for nicotine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Meijler
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Altobell
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wirsching
authors.forename: Kim D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Janda
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006241:Haptens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006241:Haptens; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D011725:Pyridines; D014612:Vaccines; D009538:Nicotine; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin