title: Centering the projection reconstruction trajectory: reducing gradient delay errors.
abstract: The projection reconstruction (PR) trajectory was investigated for the effect of gradient timing delays between the actual and requested start time of each physical gradient. Radial trajectories constructed with delayed gradients miss the center of k-space in an angularly dependent manner, causing effective echo times to vary with projection angle. The gradient timing delays were measured in phantoms, revealing delays on the x, y, and z gradients which differed by as much as 5 micro sec. Using this one-time calibration measurement, the trajectories were corrected for gradient delays by addition of compensatory gradient areas to the prephasers of the logical x and y readout gradients. Effective projection-to-projection echo time variability was reduced to less than 1 micro sec for all imaging orientations. Using corrected trajectories, artifacts were reduced in phantom images and in volunteer studies. This correction should potentiate greater clinical use of the PR trajectory.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. petersd@nih.gov
authors.forename: Dana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Derbyshire
authors.forename: Elliot R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: McVeigh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional / Q000379:methods; D016477:Artifacts; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity