title: Effect of sevoflurane on the ex vivo secretion of TNF-alpha during and after coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sevoflurane has been used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia during cardiac surgery owing to its favourable haemodynamic effects. It has been suggested that it offers protection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effect of sevoflurane on plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after ex vivo stimulation of whole-blood leukocytes by lipopolysaccharide from 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The patients were randomized to two groups. Group 1 patients were induced and maintained with sevoflurane; those in Group 2 were anaesthetized with moderate doses of midazolam-sufentanil. Blood samples were drawn from the patients on seven occasions from before induction of anaesthesia until 24 h after skin closure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha were lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass (median (interquartiles): 25 (21-30) versus 37 (28-79) pg mL(-1); P < 0.05) and 24h after skin closure (196 (100-355) versus 382 (233-718) pg mL(-1); P < 0.05). Postoperatively, two cases of myocardial infarction were recorded, one in each group. Six patients in Group 2 needed continued inotropic support after the first morning to maintain haemodynamic stability versus one patient in Group 1 (P < 0.05). The length of stay in the intensive care unit was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (mean +/- SD: 25 +/- 16 versus 54 +/- 30 h; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sevoflurane reduces production of TNF-alpha more than total intravenous anaesthesia with midazolam-sufentanil during cardiac surgery. This may reduce cardiac morbidity and the length of stay in the intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Amphia Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Breda, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: El Azab
authors.forename: P M J
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rosseel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: De Lange
authors.forename: A B J
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Strik
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Wijk
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Scheffer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077149:Sevoflurane