title: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of mother/baby skin-to-skin care on successful breast feeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to examine the effects of early skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby on the initiation and duration of breast feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  electronic databases--the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE,CINAHL and EMBASE. References of studies were examined to identify additional trials and contact was made with researchers in the field. Study selection criteria: randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials in any language in which skin-to-skin contact between mothers and their healthy full-term newborn babies was compared to routine contact. Primary outcomes were success of first breast feed and duration of breast feeding. Secondary outcomes included, baby temperature and behaviour. STUDY-QUALITY ASSESSMENT: validity of included studies was assessed using criteria defined by the Cochrane Collaboration. Application of inclusion criteria, validity assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by two reviewers with a third reviewer to resolve differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  seven randomised controlled trials were identified. Five studies assessed duration of breast feeding with mixed results. None of the studies assessed the success of the first breast-feeding experience. Study quality was variable with methods of randomisation and blinding of assessment unclear in four of the five studies providing relevant results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the findings of this systematic review fail to support the current initiatives to implement changes in clinical practice to include skin-to-skin contact. Methodological flaws within the included studies prohibit firm conclusions being reached with regard to the effect of skin-to-skin contact on the duration of breast feeding, timing of first breast feed or baby physiological factors. The review highlights the need for further primary research to assess the effect of skin-to-skin contact on the breast-feeding experience.
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Directorate, North Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carfoot
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Rumona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012867:Skin; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*