title: [Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced low MI real time ultrasound and SonoVue].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SonoVue is a new microbubble ultrasound contrast agent that for the first time allows continuous real time examination during the different phases of contrast enhancement using low transmission power, expressed as mechanical index (MI). This study investigates whether low MI real time phase inversion imaging with SonoVue can improve the characterization of focal liver lesions in comparison to unenhanced sonography and power Doppler sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with 35 malignant and 28 benign liver lesions were studied with unenhanced ultrasound (US) including B-mode and power Doppler, followed by contrast-enhanced al MI (0.1 - 0.3) real time phase inversion US during arterial, portal-venous and delayed liver phase (> 2 min after injection). Findings of the scans obtained before and after administration of contrast agent were compared with each other and with reference examinations (biopsy, MRI, CT or intraoperative US).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of correctly diagnosed lesions increased from 41 (65%) without contrast agent to 58 (92%) with contrast agent (p < 0.001). The differentiation of malignant from benign lesions improved from 43 (68 %) to 60 (95 %, p < 0.001). After administration of the contrast agent, all 35 malignant lesions were correctly recognized and 3 of the 28 benign lesions were misclassified. All 27 metastases showed little or no enhancement on portal-venous and delayed phase imaging, independent of their arterial features. All 6 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) enhanced markedly during arterial phase and 5 showed less contrast uptake than normal liver in the late phase. Ten of 11 hemangioma displayed arterial peripheral nodular enhancement followed by progressive centripetal fill-in. Nine of 11 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs) showed profuse arterial enhancement (5 with a transient "spokewheel") and contrast uptake similar to normal liver thereafter. One FNH showed a subtle central scar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low MI real time US with SonoVue markedly improves the characterization of focal hepatic lesions in comparison with unenhanced sonography.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin. joachim.hohmann@medizin.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skrok
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puls
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride