title: Composition, quality control, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of long-time stored dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seeds from Bulgaria.
abstract: The essential oil of long-time stored seeds of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) from Bulgaria was analyzed by physicochemical methods, gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (MS) (achiral and chiral phases), and olfactometry, and its antimicrobial activity was tested by using different strains of microorganisms. More than 40 constituents of the essential dill oil, obtained from seeds stored for more than 35 years, could be identified as essential volatiles, responsible for the pleasant fresh (D-limonene) and spicy (D-carvone) odor of a high quality. As aroma impact compounds, D-carvone (50.1%) and D-limonene (44.1%) were found. Antimicrobial testings showed high activity of the essential A. graveolens oil against the mold Aspergillus niger and the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Austria. leopold.jirovetz@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jirovetz
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buchbauer
authors.forename: Albena S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Stoyanova
authors.forename: Evgenii V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Georgiev
authors.forename: Stanka T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Damianova
mesh_terms: D028524:Anethum graveolens / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000077222:Limonene; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; C006923:carvone; D000077222:Limonene