title: Effect of ginsenoside Rd on nitric oxide system induced by lipopolysaccharide plus TNF-alpha in C6 rat glioma cells.
abstract: Effects of ginsenosides on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide plus TNF-alpha (LNT) were examined in C6 rat glioma cells. Among several ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rd showed a complete inhibition against LNT-induced NO production. Ginsenoside Rd attenuated LNT-induced increased phosphorylation of ERK. Among several immediate early gene products, only Jun B and Fra-1 protein levels were increased by LNT, and ginsenoside Rd attenuated Jun B and Fra-1 protein levels induced by LNT. Furthermore, LNT increased AP-1 DNA binding activities, which were partially inhibited by ginsenoside Rd. Our results suggest that ginsenoside Rd exerts an inhibitory action against NO production via blocking phosphorylation of ERK, in turn, suppressing immediate early gene products such as Jun B and Fra-1 in C6 glioma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Okchun-dong, Chunchon, Kangwondo 200-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jin-Koo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ki-Jung
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Han-Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jongho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D005894:Panax; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099169:Fos-Related Antigen 1
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099169:Fos-Related Antigen 1; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C049863:ginsenoside Rd