title: Sociological aspects of rhinoplasty.
abstract: Although the psychological aspect of the rhinoplasty operation has been a subject of interest for a long time, with the exception of a few studies, sociological factors have been almost totally ignored. In this prospective study the personality characteristics and socioeconomic backgrounds of 216 rhinoplasty patients were evaluated. Between 1994 and 2000, a questionnaire and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were given preoperatively to 157 females and 59 males. The MMPI was also given to age-matched people as a control. Six months after surgery, patients were called on the telephone and asked to rate their satisfaction. According to questionnaire, a great majority of the rhinoplasty patients were young, unmarried women with high education levels. In the rhinoplasty group, one or more scales of the inventory were not in the normal ranges in 45% of the patients, whereas this proportion in the control group was 28% (p < 0.01). When MMPI results are considered, female patients of this study could be described as egocentric, childish, highly active, impulsive, competitive, reactive, perfectionistic about themselves, talkative, and emotionally superficial. Male patients could be described as rigid, stubborn, over-sensitive, suspicious, perfectionistic, pessimistic, over-reactive, and having somatizations. Tension and anxiety with feelings of inferiority were found to be characteristics of the male patients. The satisfaction rate after six months was reported as 72%. There was no significant correlation between MMPI results and demographic variables, nor satisfaction rate. In conclusion, the rhinoplasty patients in our study are young people at the very beginning of their careers. It could be that their personalities and socioeconomic backgrounds combine to make aesthetic surgery rewarding enough, both socially and personally, to encourage them to follow through.
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery AD, ZKU Araştirama ve Uygulama Hastanesi, 67200 Kozlu-Zonguldak, Ankara, Turkey. bulutorca@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Babuccu
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Latifoğlu
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atabay
authors.forename: Nursen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: Behçet
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coşan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000293:injuries*; D010551:Personality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012923:Social Class