title: Genotype and allele frequencies of TPMT, NAT2, GST, SULT1A1 and MDR-1 in the Egyptian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine the frequencies of important allelic variants in the TPMT, NAT2, GST, SULT1A1 and MDR-1 genes in the Egyptian population and compare them with the frequencies in other ethnic populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping was carried out in a total of 200 unrelated Egyptian subjects. TPMT*2 was detected using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. TPMT*3C and NAT2 variants (*5,*6 and *7) were detected using an allele-specific real-time PCR assay. Detection of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null alleles was performed simultaneously using a multiplex PCR assay. Finally, a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was applied for the determination of TPMT*3A (*3B), SULT1A1*2 and MDR-1 (3435T) variants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotyping of TPMT revealed frequencies of 0.003 and 0.013 for TPMT*3A and TPMT*3C, respectively. No TPMT*2 or *3B was detected in the analysed samples. The frequencies of specific NAT2 alleles were 0.215, 0.497, 0.260 and 0.028 for *4 (wild-type), *5 (341C), *6 (590A) and *7 (857A), respectively. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null alleles were detected in 55.5% and 29.5% of the subjects, respectively. SULT1A1*2 was detected at a frequency of 0.135. Finally, the frequencies of the wild-type allele (3435C) and the 3435T variant in the MDR-1 gene were found to be 0.6 and 0.4, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that Egyptians resemble other Caucasians with regard to allelic frequencies of the tested variants of NAT2, GST and MDR-1. By contrast, this Egyptian population more closely resemble Africans with respect to the TPMT*3C allele, and shows a distinctly different frequency with regard to the SULT1A1*2 variant. The predominance of the slow acetylator genotype in the present study (60.50%) could not confirm a previously reported higher frequency of the slow acetylator phenotype in Egyptians (92.00%), indicating the possibility of the presence of other mutations not detectable as T341C, G590A and G857A. The purpose of our future studies is to investigate for new polymorphisms, which could be relatively unique to the Egyptian population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Samar I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiratsuka
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narahara
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Mervat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Enany
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moursi
authors.forename: Mohammed S-E
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Michinao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizugaki
mesh_terms: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D015239:Arylsulfotransferase; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D001483:Base Sequence; D004534:Egypt; D005006:Ethnicity; D005787:Gene Frequency; D019450:Genes, MDR / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D015238:Sulfotransferases; D015239:Arylsulfotransferase; C117544:SULT1A1 protein, human