title: Venovenous bypass in renal cell carcinoma with caval tumor thrombus.
abstract: We describe two patients with a T3bN2M0 renal cell carcinoma with caval extension to the hepatic veins in which we successfully utilized extracorporeal femoralaxillary venovenous bypass for tumor thrombus resection. The inherent advantage of this modified venovenous bypass are discussed with a current review of the literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Vancouver Hospital and Health Science Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Scudamore
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gleave
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemming
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldenberg