title: Nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial radiofrequency ablation: an alternative in incessant ventricular tachycardia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of epicardial radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Management of patients with incessant VT is a difficult clinical problem. Drugs and RF catheter ablation are not always effective. A nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial RF ablation can be an alternative in patients refractory to conventional therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epicardial RF ablation was performed in 10 patients who presented with incessant VT despite the use of two or more intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eight patients, endocardial ablation (EdA) failed to control the tachycardia. In the remaining two patients, epicardial ablation (EpA) was first attempted because of left ventricular thrombus and severe artery disease, respectively. Eight patients had a diagnosis of coronary artery disease with healed myocardial infarction. One patient had dilated cardiomyopathy, and one patient had idiopathic, incessant VT. In patients with structural heart disease, the mean ejection fraction was 0.28 +/- 0.10%. Four patients previously received an implantable defibrillator. The EpA effectively terminated the incessant tachycardia in eight patients, which represents a success rate of 80%. In them, after a follow-up of 18 +/- 18 months, a single episode of a different VT was documented in one patient. No significant complications occurred related to the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with incessant VT despite the use of drugs or standard EdA, the epicardial approach was very effective and should be considered as an alternative in this life-threatening situation.
authors.affiliation: Arrhythmia Section, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villaroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. jbrugada@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brugada
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berruezo
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osca
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chueca
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fosch
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wayar
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mont
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome