title: Ecotoxicological impact of pharmaceuticals found in treated wastewaters: study of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac.
abstract: In four countries (France, Greece, Italy, and Sweden) occurrence in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and ecotoxicity of the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac were investigated. Bioassays were performed on bacteria, algae, microcrustaceans, and fishes in order to calculate their predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) and to perform a first approach of risk characterization. For this aim, risk has been estimated by the predicted environmental concentration/PNEC ratio and the measured environmental concentration/PNEC ratio. First, regarding the PNEC, carbamazepine appears to be the more hazardous compound. Second, even though it is demonstrated that carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac have been detected in effluents, only carbamazepine have been detected in all sewage treatment plants with the greatest concentrations. Third, risk quotients greater than unity were calculated only for carbamazepine, suggesting that risk for the water compartment is expected.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'éotoxicologie, CEMAGREF, 3bis quai Chauveau, 69336 Lyon, CP 220, Cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Nicklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paxéus
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lo Giudice
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollio
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garric
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001419:Bacteria; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003445:Crustacea; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056890:Eukaryota; D005399:Fishes; D020387:Food Chain; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac; D002220:Carbamazepine; D002995:Clofibric Acid