title: Modelling the pharmacodynamic interaction between remifentanil and propofol by EEG-controlled dosing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knowledge of the pharmacodynamic interaction between remifentanil and propofol is important to permit optimal dosage strategies. We studied this pharmacodynamic interaction using the median power frequency of the processed electroencephalogram as a control parameter for feedback-controlled dosing of propofol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients were given total intravenous anaesthesia with remifentanil and propofol. During three target-controlled infusion regimens, the target concentrations of remifentanil (5, 10, 15 ng mL(-1)) and propofol dosing were automatically adjusted to keep the median power frequency in the range 2 +/- 0.5 Hz. In each patient and during each remifentanil target concentration, four arterial propofol/remifentanil concentration pairs were measured. The type of interaction was tested using the relative distance from the line of additivity and the isobole was modelled using Bernstein splines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results from 13 patients were used for data analysis. The measured remifentanil concentrations during the three targets were (mean +/- SD): 3.6 +/- 0.9, 8.1 +/- 2.5 and 12.4 +/- 2.8 ng mL(-1). The corresponding propofol concentrations were 2.64 +/- 0.86, 2.13 +/- 0.58 and 2.09 +/- 0.58 microg mL(-1). The data were best described with an additive type of interaction and the isobole was estimated using: ((c)Remifentanil/64.2 ng mL(-1)) + ((c)Propofol/2.61 microg mL(-1)) = 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the studied concentration range, remifentanil and propofol showed an additive type of pharmacodynamic interaction on the electroencephalogram.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Erlangen, Germany. joerg.fechner@kfa.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fechner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hering
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ihmsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palmaers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schüttler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol