title: Recovery of T-cell subsets after antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Variation of percentageCD4+ T cells may accurately reflects the kinetics of a comprehensive immune recovery independently of the antiretroviral (ART) regimen. To test this we have investigated the relationship among peripheral blood T-cell subsets with the variation of percentageCD4+ T cells during follow up in 49 HIV-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children were divided into two groups according to the sign of slope percentageCD4+ T cell during follow up: Ps-group (positive slope) and Ns-group (negative percentageCD4 slope) indicative of immunological recovery or not, respectively. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subset percentages were examined by three-colour flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found higher memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell percentages in the Ns-group than in the Ps-group, and inversely, higher naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the Ps-group than in the Ns-group. CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in the Ps-group expressed higher levels of CD38+ and lower levels of HLA-DR+ compared with the Ns-group. We found a very strong positive correlation among the slope of percentageCD4+, CD4+ CD38+, whereas a negative correlation among the slope of percentageCD4+, the CD8+ CD28+ CD57+ and CD8+ CD57+ T-cell subsets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recovery of the CD4+ T-cell percentage induced by ART reflects a reduction in the chronic immune activation and a measurable reconstitution of the immune system and depends on naive CD4+ T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resino
authors.forename: J Ma
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gurbindo
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Ma A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load