title: A questionnaire for the assessment of biliary symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gallstone disease is common and causes high health care costs, but a measure of symptomatic biliary disease for outcome studies is lacking. We aimed to develop a reproducible, valid, discriminative, disease-specific measure of biliary symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created the self-report Biliary Symptoms Questionnaire (BSQ) by combining possible biliary symptoms with validated items for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and other disorders. We developed the final version through an iterative process and assessed reproducibility by the test-retest method, concurrent validity by comparing BSQ responses with symptoms obtained by structured interview, and discriminative validity by comparing BSQ-based diagnoses of biliary symptoms, GERD, and IBS with patients' final diagnoses. A shortened version (sBSQ) also underwent reproducibility testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 245 outpatients (mean age, 55.2 yr; 61% female) participated. Median completion times for the BSQ and sBSQ were 36 and 10 min, respectively. For the BSQ, median kappa values were 0.65 (range -0.03 to 0.95) for reproducibility and 0.61 (range 0.15-0.95) for concurrent validity. Using BSQ responses, investigators distinguished IBS and GERD 79-90% of the time. For the sBSQ, the median kappa value for reproducibility was 0.72 (range 0.32-0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BSQ is reproducible and has good concurrent and discriminative validity for biliary symptoms. The abridged sBSQ has good reproducibility. These instruments may be useful in future outcome studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Outcomes Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Johnson L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thistle
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Longstreth
authors.forename: W Scott
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Harmsen
authors.forename: Cathy D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Schleck
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
authors.forename: Darrell S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pardi
authors.forename: Claudia O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Zein
authors.forename: Carol T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Van Dyke
authors.forename: Amindra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: G Richard
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Locke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003109:Colonic Diseases, Functional / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires