title: Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). 1. Compositional characteristics.
abstract: The quality of Tombul (Round) hazelnut, grown in the Giresun province of Turkey, was determined by measuring proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber, amino acids, and taste active components (free amino acids, sugars, and organic acids). Fat was the predominant component in Tombul hazelnut (approximately 61%). The major minerals were potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and selenium. Hazelnut was also found to serve as an excellent source of vitamin E (24 mg/100 g) and a good source of water soluble (B complex) vitamins and dietary fiber. The major amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. The three nonessential amino acids and the essential amino acids contributed 44.9 and 30.9% to the total amino acids present, respectively, while lysine and tryptophan were the limiting amino acids in Tombul hazelnut. Twenty-one free amino acids, six sugars, and six organic acids were positively identified; among these, arginine, sucrose, and malic acid predominated, respectively. These taste active components may play a significant role in the taste and flavor characteristics of hazelnut. Thus, the present results suggest that Tombul hazelnut serves as a good source of vital nutrients and taste active components.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Food Research Center, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, United Kingdom. calasalvar@lincoln.ac.uk
authors.forename: Cesarettin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alasalvar
authors.forename: Fereidoon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahidi
authors.forename: Chandrika M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Liyanapathirana
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohshima
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D031211:Corylus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry*; D013649:Taste; D014421:Turkey; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins