title: Vascular endothelial growth factor-B promotes in vivo angiogenesis.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors have emerged as central regulators of the angiogenic process. However, involvement of VEGF-B, one of these factors, in angiogenesis remains obscure. Mice received subcutaneous injection of Matrigel alone or Matrigel with human recombinant protein rhVEGF-B167 or with rhVEGF-A165. After 14 days, cell ingrowth in the Matrigel plug was increased by 2.0- and 2.5-fold in rhVEGF-B167-treated and rhVEGF-A165-treated mice, respectively (P<0.01), in association with a raise in phospho-Akt/Akt (1.8-fold, P<0.01) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (1.80- and 1.60-fold, respectively; P<0.05) protein levels measured by Western blot. VEGF-B-induced cell ingrowth was impaired by treatment with NOS inhibitor (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; L-NAME, 10 mg/kg per day). Treatment with neutralizing antibody directed against the VEGF-B receptor VEGF-R1 (anti-VEGFR1, 10 microg) completely abrogated VEGF-B-related effects. Proangiogenic effect of VEGF-B was confirmed in a mouse model of surgically induced hindlimb ischemia. Plasmids containing human form of VEGF-A (phVEGF-A165) or VEGF-B (phVEGF-B167 or phVEGF-B186) were administered by in vivo electrotransfer. Angiographic score at day 28 showed significant improvement in ischemic/nonischemic leg ratio by 1.4- and 1.5-fold in mice treated with phVEGF-B167 and phVEGF-B186, respectively (P<0.05). Laser Doppler perfusion data also evidenced a 1.5-fold increase in phVEGF-B167-treated and phVEGF-B186-treated mice (P<0.05). Such an effect was associated with an upregulation of phospho-Akt/Akt and eNOS protein levels in the ischemic legs and was hampered by treatment with anti-VEGFR1. This study demonstrates for the first time that VEGF-B, in part through its receptor VEGF-R1, promotes angiogenesis in association with an activation of Akt and eNOS-related pathways.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U54, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 Bd de la Chapelle, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Sébastien
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.forename: Radia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamarat
authors.forename: Teni G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ebrahimian
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le-Roux
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clergue
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duriez
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Branellec
authors.forename: Bernard I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Lévy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D002196:Capillaries / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D042561:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D042561:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases