title: Species identification and strain differentiation of dermatophyte fungi using polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzyme analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard biochemical tests, microscopy, colony characteristics, and mating tests have conventionally been used for the identification of dermatophytes species, but these methods of identification are costly, time-consuming, and require special skills.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to identify a method that enables rapid species identification and strain differentiation of dermatophyte fungi.
  
  
  METHODS
  We chose 4 restriction enzymes (BsYiI, DdeI, HinfI, and MvaI) that could produce different fragment patterns after enzyme digestion according to species or strain. We performed enzyme digestions after polymerase chain reaction amplification of internal transcribed spacer region and identified different restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) according to species and strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the species included in this study could be easily differentiated using any combination of 2 different restriction enzymes except Trichophyton rubrum and T raubitschekii, which produced identical digestion patterns after all 4 restriction enzyme digestions. In the case of T mentagrophytes, MvaI and DdeI each produced 2 distinct RFLP patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that internal transcribed spacer region analysis using polymerase chain reaction-RFLP through DdeI and MvaI is useful for rapid identification of the majority of dermatophytes species. However, there were 2 different band patterns by DdeI and MvaI restriction enzyme digestion and no correlations between morphologic types and RFLP patterns in T mentagrophytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jang-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jung-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Sang-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jeong Aee
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo-Heung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Youn
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eil-Soo
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jun-Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005819:Genetic Markers; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes