title: Enhanced nitric oxide concentrations and expression of nitric oxide synthase in acupuncture points/meridians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to examine the distributions of nitric oxide (NO) in the skin points (acupoints)/meridian regions and determine whether neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein levels were associated with NO concentrations in the areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low skin resistance points (LSRP) on the skin surface in response to electrical stimuli were performed in anesthetized adult rats. The skin together with subcutaneous tissue was isolated in meridian regions from PC 2 to 6, BL 36 to 57, CV 3 to 22, and GV 2 to 14. Control skin tissues were obtained in the areas close to related meridians without containing LSRP. Concentrations of nitrite (NO(2)(-)), nitrate (NO(3)(-)), and total NO(2)(-) plus NO(3)(-) (NO(x)(-)) were quantified in the skin tissues, micropunches of brain nuclei, and blood vessels in a blinded fashion. Western blots were also conducted using polyclonal anti-nNOS and anti-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibody in the skin tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NO(x)(-) and NO(3)(-) concentrations were higher (45 +/- 8% and 43 +/- 7% in the CV, 47 +/- 7% and 51 +/- 9% in the BL, and 47 +/- 8% and 45 +/- 6% in the PC) than those in control regions (p < 0.05, n = 6). NO(x)(-) concentrations are 2- to 3-fold greater in skin tissues than those in brain regions and blood vessels (p < 0.05, n = 6-8). nNOS protein levels were consistently increased in the skin regions of BL, PC, and GV meridians compared with their controls (p < 0.05, n = 5-7) but endothelial NO synthase expression was not changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first evidence showing that NO contents and nNOS expression are consistently higher in the skin acupoints/meridians associated with low electric resistance. The results suggest that enhanced NO in the acupoints/meridians is generated from multiple resources including neuronal NOergic system, and NO might be associated with acupoint/meridian functions including low electric resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA. MA@AFP76.HUMC.edu
authors.forename: Sheng-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D015671:Electroacupuncture / Q000379:methods; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase