title: Age related effects in children taking the computerized assessment of response bias and word memory test.
abstract: The assessment of effort is a fundamental component of test performance analysis, since effort determines whether a psychological evaluation is valid. The assessment of effort in children has proven problematic. This may be related to the variable and inconsistent nature of children's developing self-regulatory systems, and the fact that measures commonly used to assess effort were standardized on adults. If one uses effort measures designed for adults to assess children, then one must presume that the maintenance of effort in children is comparable to the same behavior in adults. However, because children's executive functioning, including their abilities to self-regulate, attend, concentrate, and to engage in various cognitive activities improve with time (Barkley, 1997, pp. 209-234), our hypothesis is that young children's effort regulation is dissimilar to that of adults, and the presumption of similarity is implausible. The purpose of this study was to determine whether age is a significant influence upon young children's performances on the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias (CARB) and Word Memory Test (WMT). Statistical analysis suggests that younger children (those under 10 years of age) tended to produce poorer performance on these instruments. Younger children's scores differed significantly from children ages 10 and older. Children 11 years and older produced CARB and WMT results similar to adult participants, suggesting a viability for adult normative comparisons with children in this age range. The current investigation concluded that children's maintenance of effort appears to be significantly related to age and reading ability level. Consequently, the use of current adult-based norms with the CARB and WMT, without regard for a child's developmental status and other contextual factors such as the child's ability to read, appears ill-advised especially with children under 11 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Child Development and Psychological Health Center, South Bend, IN, USA. jcourtney@attbi.com
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.forename: Juliet P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dinkins
authors.forename: Lyle M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009042:Motivation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013997:Time Factors; D014825:Vocabulary