title: A kinesin, invA, plays an essential role in volvox morphogenesis.
abstract: In Volvox carteri adults, reproductive cells called gonidia are enclosed within a spherical monolayer of biflagellate somatic cells. Embryos must "invert" (turn inside out) to achieve this configuration, however, because at the end of cleavage the gonidia are on the outside and the flagellar ends of all somatic cells point inward. Generation of a bend region adequate to turn the embryo inside out involves a dramatic change in cell shape, plus cell movements. Here, we cloned a gene called invA that is essential for inversion and found that it codes for a kinesin localized in the cytoplasmic bridges that link all cells to their neighbors. In invA null mutants, cells change shape normally, but are unable to move relative to the cytoplasmic bridges. A normal bend region cannot be formed and inversion stops. We conclude that the InvA kinesin provides the motile force that normally drives inversion to completion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kirk
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D016547:Kinesins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010940:Plant Proteins; D016547:Kinesins