title: Cerebellar volume and long-term use of phenytoin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform MRI cerebellum volumetry in patients exposed to phenytoin and to identify factors associated with cerebellar atrophy (CA).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 100 consecutive epilepsy patients we selected those with phenytoin use for more than 2 months and with MRI scan available for volumetric studies. We obtained cerebellar volumes corrected for total intracranial volume. Volumes below 2 standard deviations from the mean of control group were considered abnormal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 56 patients (33 women). Mean age was 33.6 years and mean duration of epilepsy was 17.6 years. Mean daily dose of phenytoin was 301 mg. CA was detected in 20 (35.7%) patients. CA was not associated with frequent generalised seizures. CA correlated with duration of epilepsy (r=-0.34; P=0.01) and years of treatment with phenytoin (r=-0.48; P=0.001), but not with age and mean daily dosage of phenytoin (P>0.05). However, a multiple correlation analysis as well as a backward stepwise multiple regression analysis including all variables showed that only duration of treatment was significantly associated with CA (P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA is frequently associated with long-term use of phenytoin. Although duration of epilepsy may have an influence in the CA, this is clearly less important than the time of exposure to phenytoin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Antonio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: De Marcos
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghizoni
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Li Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fernano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cendes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010672:Phenytoin