title: Constraint-induced movement therapy for hemiplegic children with acquired brain injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for impaired upper extremity (UE) function in children with acquired brain injury (ABI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple case studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient pediatric rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven consecutive ABI rehabilitation admissions with hemiparesis were recruited without regard to injury etiology, age, or cognitive capacities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The actual amount of use test (AAUT) was used to evaluate change in UE function. AAUT amount of use (AOU) and quality of movement (QOM) scales were obtained at baseline and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AOU and QOM item improvements were significant, as were changes in activities of daily living. The effect sizes for these changes were large.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stringent CIMT training, previously only implemented with adults, can be used effectively with children when everyday elements of a child's life are integrated into adult protocols. The use of child-friendly UE shaping exercises, "pushed into" activities by professional therapists as well as trained teachers, paraprofessionals, and parents, was supported. Effects of impairment, injury, and behavior on outcomes are discussed. Larger controlled studies with additional outcome measures are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Traumatic Brain Injury Program, St. Mary's Hospital for Children, and Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Bayside, NY 11360, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maryles
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simpser
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berger-Gross
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011336:Probability; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity