title: Soluble branched beta-(1,4)glucans from Acetobacter species show strong activities to induce interleukin-12 in vitro and inhibit T-helper 2 cellular response with immunoglobulin E production in vivo.
abstract: An extracellular polysaccharide, AC-1, produced by Acetobacter polysaccharogenes is composed of beta-(1,4)glucan with branches of glucosyl residues. We found that AC-1 showed a strong activity to induce production of interleukin-12 P40 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by macrophage cell lines in vitro. Cellulase treatment completely abolished the activity of AC-1 to induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages, whereas treatment of AC-1 with polymyxin B or proteinase did not affect the activity. Results of experiments using toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient mice and TLR4-transfected human cell line indicated that TLR4 is involved in pattern recognition of AC-1. In vivo administration of AC-1 significantly reduced the serum levels of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE and interleukin-4 production by T cells in response to OVA in mice immunized with OVA. AC-1, a soluble branched beta-(1,4)glucan may be useful in prevention and treatment of allergic disorders With IgE production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Host Defense, Research Center of Prevention of Infectious Disease, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aiba
authors.forename: Ryotaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishimitsu
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fushimi
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikai
mesh_terms: D000091:Acetobacter / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002480:Cellulase / Q000494:pharmacology; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000097:blood; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D012685:Sepharose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D016207:Cytokines; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005936:Glucans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin; D012685:Sepharose; C040088:1,4-glucan; D008156:Luciferases; D002480:Cellulase; D011112:Polymyxin B