title: Acupuncture in clinical neurology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A majority of people in the United States use alternative or complementary therapy at some point in their lives, and acupuncture is among the most frequently used modalities. Many United States medical schools offer courses in alternative medicine, and a growing number of insurers offer coverage for alternative therapies. This paper critically reviews our current knowledge about the safety and efficacy of acupuncture for neurologic conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acupuncture is a safe procedure when performed by trained professionals. Complications from acupuncture are rare and mainly related to negligence of sterile technique. Studies of the therapeutic value of acupuncture are fraught with challenging methodologic problems, including the choice of a placebo, a suitable control treatment, and the technique of stimulation applied. Clinical trials of the use of acupuncture for pain syndromes (headache, neck, and back pain), stroke rehabilitation, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and substance abuse are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the current literature, no definitive recommendation can be made regarding the efficacy of acupuncture for common pain syndromes including headache, and neck and back pain. Better quality clinical trials fail to demonstrate efficacy for the use of acupuncture as part of a rehabilitation program following stroke or as a treatment for drug addiction. Acupuncture may have a role in the treatment of sleep disturbance associated with Parkinson's disease but was not efficacious for the primary symptoms of either Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis. In light of increasing public interest and use of alternative therapies, this review may be helpful in promoting more discussion between patients and physicians about the use of acupuncture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rabinstein
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management