title: Procaine impairs learning and memory consolidation in the honeybee.
abstract: In vertebrates local anaesthetics lead to various learning deficits, depending on the site and time of injection. In this study we show the effects of the local anaesthetic procaine on learning and memory in an invertebrate, the honeybee. Reversible blocking of neuronal processes leads to different memory deficits depending on the time window during which the local anaesthesia is in effect.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 28/30, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. mmdmueller@gmx.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staffelt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiala
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menzel
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes / Q000662:veterinary; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D011343:Procaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011343:Procaine; D008012:Lidocaine