title: Metamorphosis of benthic invertebrate larvae: a sensitive indicator for detection of changes in marine environmental quality.
abstract: Many marine coastal ecosystems are threatened by increasing waste discharge, and bioassays are needed because chemical and physical tests alone are not sufficient to assess potential effects on aquatic biota. In light of the fact that larval metamorphosis of benthic invertebrates is usually very sensitive to environmental changes, this paper reviews sensitivity comparisons of larval metamorphosis with other common bioassays in different species and those in different developmental stages of the same species, and it discusses the potential use of larval metamorphosis as an indicator of marine environmental quality.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Science and Engineering of Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China. dmb@public.qd.sd.cn
authors.forename: Xuelei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D017753:Ecosystem; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014873:Water Pollutants; D003634:DDT