title: Verification techniques and dose distribution for computed tomographic planned supine craniospinal radiation therapy.
abstract: A modified 3-field technique was designed with opposed cranial fields and a single spinal field encompassing the entire spinal axis. Two methods of plan verifications were performed before the first treatment. First, a system of orthogonal rulers plus the thermoplastic head holder was used to visualize the light fields at the craniospinal junction. Second, film phantom measurements were taken to visualize the gap between the fields at the level of the spinal cord. Treatment verification entailed use of a posterior-anterior (PA) portal film and placement of radiopaque wire on the inferior border of the cranial field. More rigorous verification required a custom-fabricated orthogonal film holder. The isocenter positions of both fields when they matched were recorded using a record-and-verify system. A single extended distance spinal field collimated at 42 degrees encompassed the entire spinal neuraxis. Data were collected from 40 fractions of craniospinal irradiation (CSI). The systematic error observed for the actual daily treatments was -0.5 mm (underlap), while the stochastic error was represented by a standard deviation of 5.39 mm. Measured data across the gapped craniospinal junction with junction shifts included revealed a dose ranging from 89.3% to 108%. CSI can be performed without direct visualization of the craniospinal junction by using the verification methods described. While the use of rigorous film verification for supine technique may have reduced the systematic error, the inability to visualize the supine craniospinal junction on skin appears to have increased the stochastic error compared to published data on such errors associated with prone craniospinal irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. echang@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pei Fong
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Petru
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Moshe H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Maor
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016683:Supine Position; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed