title: CO2 promotes plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 expression in human mesothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous observations have indicated that CO2 insufflation increases peritoneal plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primarily cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells were exposed to either flowing or pressurized CO2 for 90 min. Unexposed cultures served as controls. Samples of cell culture media were taken at 0, 5, and 24 h after exposure to measure media pH, PAI-1, and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) protein release. Simultaneous samples were taken to measure PAI-1 and t-PA mRNA expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mesothelial cells exposed to flowing CO2 released more PAI-1 than those exposed to pressurized CO2 ( p < 0.001) and controls ( p < 0.001). Cells exposed to flowing CO2 had an increased PAI-1 mRNA expression at 5 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO2 increased mesothelial cell PAI-1 expression involving a transcriptional mechanism. These findings might provide a mechanism for adhesion formation and cancer progression following laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Göteborg University, SE-41685 Göteborg, Sweden. emc.bergstrom@telia.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmdahl
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008954:Models, Biological; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000166:cytology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011312:Pressure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012212:Rheology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000209:etiology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator