Carbohydrates, dietary glycaemic load and glycaemic index, and risk of acute myocardial infarction.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relation between selected carbohydrate foods, dietary glycaemic load and glycaemic index, and the risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction in a population with a high intake of refined carbohydrates.


METHODS
Hospital based case-control study conducted in Milan, Italy, between 1995 and 1999.


METHODS
433 non-diabetic subjects with a first episode of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, and 448 controls admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to known or potential risk factors for acute myocardial infarction.


METHODS
Information was collected by interviewer administered questionnaires. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by multiple logistic regression models.


RESULTS
Compared with patients in the lowest tertile of intake, the multivariate OR for those in the highest tertile was 1.00 for bread, 1.27 for pasta and rice, 1.38 for soups, 0.78 for potatoes, 0.97 for desserts, and 1.00 for sugar. The OR for the highest tertile of score was 1.08 for glycaemic load and 1.38 for glycaemic index. None of the estimates was significant. A significant association with acute myocardial infarction risk was found for glycaemic index in patients aged > or = 60 years (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.07 for the highest tertile of score compared with the lowest) and in those with a body mass index > or = 25 kg/m2 (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.34).


CONCLUSIONS
In this Italian population high glycaemic load and glycaemic index were not strongly associated with acute myocardial infarction risk, but slightly increased odds ratios were observed for glycaemic index in elderly people and in association with overweight.
Tavani
A
A
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. tavani@marionegri.it
Bosetti
C
C
Negri
E
E
Augustin
L S
LS
Jenkins
D J A
DJ
La Vecchia
C
C
D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates