title: The prevalence of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III deficiency in non-APS/SLE Chinese adults with noncardiac cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and antithrombin III (AT-III) are vital thrombin antagonists in circulation. However, the prevalence of these natural inhibitors for cerebral ischemia is barely mentioned in the Chinese population. The prevalence of PC, PS, and AT-III deficiency in Chinese adults with cerebral ischemia is reported. The study subjects were free of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. Cardiac, liver, and renal function were normal. An overall rate of thrombophilia was 27%. PS deficiency was the most common disorder, followed by PC with PS and PC deficiency. There was only one patient with AT-III deficiency. No gender was specific for thrombophilia. However, PS deficiency was predilected in young adults. A positive correlation between PC and AT-III was achieved in patients with a normal PC activity but not PC deficiency. There was no correlation between AT-III or PS. The odds ratios of PC and PS were 5.29 and 2.86, respectively. Accordingly, an inability for thrombin antagonization by the PC/PS axis may relate to the occurrence of cerebral ischemia in the Chinese population. AT-III seems to display a minor role only.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsi
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Yung-Yee
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shun-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jia-Shou
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D020152:Antithrombin III Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D020151:Protein C Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018455:Protein S Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D006023:Glycoproteins; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I