title: The effect of four mouthrinses on oral malodor.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of four mouthrinses in clinical outcomes of changes in oral malodor measurements in a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, longitudinal clinical trial in adults. The four rinses were coded as Products 1, 2, 3, and 4 so that neither the examiners nor subjects had the knowledge of treatment. Of the four mouthrinses, two were commercially available mouthrinses with essential oils (EO) or chlorine dioxide plus zinc (CD/Zn) as active ingredients (Products 1 and 4), one mouthrinse was a formulation containing cetylpyridinium chloride (Product 2), and one was a placebo (Product 3). A total of 99 subjects who met the study criteria were assigned randomly to one of the four groups. At three separate visits (0, 2, and 4 weeks), subjects received an examination of the oral soft tissues and were assessed for baseline oral malodor by two organoleptic judges and a laboratory instrument that measures oral malodor. Subjects were instructed to use the assigned rinse, and the measurements were performed again after 2 and 4 hours. Throughout the 4-week study period, each subject was asked to use the assigned rinse twice daily per the manufacturer's recommended directions. The results showed that the four mouthrinses reduced oral malodor within 4 hours after a single usage, with Product 2 being the most effective and the placebo being the least effective. Daily use of EO, CD/Zn, and placebo rinses for up to 4 weeks did not reduce oral malodor from week 0 baseline values, and the effects on oral malodor were comparable among these three mouthrinses. Product 2 was the only mouthrinse that reduced oral malodor from baseline values after 2 and 4 weeks of daily use.
authors.affiliation: Consumer Products Testing Division, Hill Top Research, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Loretta C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Borden
authors.forename: Eros S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Fath
authors.forename: Garry L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hollar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010087:Oxides; D010919:Placebos; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D002594:Cetylpyridinium