title: Biochemical antioxidant levels respond to supplementation with an enriched drink in frail elderly people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a drink enriched with essential vitamins and minerals can improve biochemical status of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in frail elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  A six-month randomized, double blind, placebo controlled intervention study. Frail elderly people 65 years of age or older, with a body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m(2) and residing in a home for the elderly or in sheltered housing. Enriched (with essential vitamins and minerals in 30% to 150% of RDA and higher levels of antioxidants) drink (n = 28) or placebo (n = 27) to be taken twice a day in addition to the normal food consumed. Plasma levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cysteine, uric acid and whole blood levels of total thiol and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), dietary intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in vitamin E (16 +/- 2 vs. 2 +/- 1 mmol/L), vitamin C (37 +/- 5 vs. 1 +/- 5 mmol/L), TEAC (38 +/- 15 vs. -10 +/- 11 mmol/L Trolox eq) and cysteine (17 +/- 10 vs. 0.4 +/- 6 mmol/L) were significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). There was a trend towards significant changes in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (-0.2 +/- 3 vs. -10 +/- 7 U/mg Hb, p = 0.097). Baseline dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins was below 2/3 RDA for a substantial proportion (43% to 76%) of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation with an enriched drink can raise plasma levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in frail elderly people.
authors.affiliation: Numico Research B.V., Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diets, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. wendeline.wouters-wesseling@numico-research.nl
authors.forename: Wendeline
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wouters-Wesseling
authors.forename: Lisette W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Wagenaar
authors.forename: Lisette C P G M
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Jacques G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: Wija A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van Staveren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001628:Beverages; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003545:Cysteine / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D016330:Frail Elderly; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010919:Placebos; D012016:Reference Values; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008903:Minerals; D010919:Placebos; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D003545:Cysteine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid