Conversion of delta-, kappa- and mu-receptor selective opioid peptide agonists into delta-, kappa- and mu-selective antagonists.
2',6'-Dimethyl substitution of the Tyr(1) residue of opioid agonist peptides and deletion of the positively charged N-terminal amino group or its replacement with a methyl group has recently been shown to represent a general structural modification to convert opioid peptide agonists into antagonists. This conversion requires the syntheses of opioid peptide analogues containing either 3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Dhp) or (2S)-2-methyl-3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid [(2S)-Mdp] in place of Tyr(1). Using this approach, delta-, kappa- and mu-selective opioid peptide agonist peptides were successfully converted into corresponding delta-, kappa- and mu-selective antagonists, whereby receptor selectivity was often maintained or even improved. Thus, two (2S)-Mdp(1)-analogues of the delta-selective cyclic enkephalin analogue H-Tyr-c[D-Pen-Gly-Phe(pF)-Pen]-Phe-OH turned out to be potent and selective delta antagonists. Most successful was the development of kappa antagonists derived from dynorphin A (Dyn A), including the highly potent and selective kappa-antagonist [(2S)-Mdp(1)]Dyn A(1-11)-NH(2) (dynantin) and the enzymatically stable octapeptide analogue [(2S)-Mdp(1),MeArg(7),D-Leu(8)]Dyn A(1-8)-NH(2). The (2S)-Mdp(1)-analogues of dynorphin B and alpha-neoendorphin also were kappa antagonists and may be useful as pharmacological tools in studies of kappa receptor subtypes. Finally, the Dhp(1)-analogues of the mu-selective cyclic enkephalin analogue H-Tyr-c[N(epsilon ),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)]enkephalinamide and of endomorphin-2 were moderately potent mu opioid antagonists.
Schiller
Peter W
PW
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Quebec, Canada H2W1R7. schillp@ircm.qc.ca
Weltrowska
Grazyna
G
Nguyen
Thi M-D
TM
Lemieux
Carole
C
Chung
Nga N
NN
Lu
Yixin
Y
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists*; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu