title: Blockade of parathyroid hormone-related protein prevents joint destruction and granuloma formation in streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), an interleukin-1beta-inducible, bone-resorbing peptide that is produced in increasing amounts by the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), may play a role in the pathophysiology of joint destruction in RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTHrP expression and the effect of PTHrP 1-34 neutralizing antibody on disease progression were tested in streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis, an animal model of RA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As has been reported in RA, while serum levels of PTHrP did not change during SCW-induced arthritis, PTHrP expression dramatically increased in the arthritic synovium. Treatment with PTHrP neutralizing antibody (versus control antibody) did not affect joint swelling in SCW-treated animals. However, PTHrP antibody significantly inhibited SCW-induced joint destruction, as measured by its ability to block increases in serum pyridinoline (a marker of cartilage and bone destruction), erosion of articular cartilage, decreases in femoral bone mineral density, and increases in the numbers of osteoclasts in eroded bone. Unexpectedly, granuloma formation at sites of SCW deposition in the liver and spleen was also inhibited by PTHrP antibody, an effect associated with significant decreases in the tissue influx of PTH/PTHrP receptor-positive neutrophils and in SCW-induced neutrophilia. In vitro, neutrophil chemotaxis was stimulated by PTHrP 1-34.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that PTHrP, consistent with its previously described osteolytic effects in metastatic bone disease, can also be an important mediator of joint destruction in inflammatory bone disorders, such as RA. Moreover, this study reveals heretofore unknown effects of PTHrP peptides on neutrophil function that could have important implications in the pathogenesis of inflammatory granulomatous disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA. jfunk@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davee
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stafford
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016918:Arthritis, Reactive / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006099:Granuloma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007596:Joints / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000276:immunology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D036361:Peptide Hormones; C015484:pyridinoline