title: Calcium requirements for human sperm function in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) requirements for the maintenance of human sperm function in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basic research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normozoospermic volunteers provided fresh semen samples; follicular fluid (human FF) and oocytes were collected from women undergoing IVF-ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spermatozoa were incubated for </=18 hours in media containing different CaCl(2) concentrations (maximum, 2.5 mM [control]).
  
  
  METHODS
  Protein tyrosine phosphorylation patterns, development of hyperactivated motility, induction of the acrosome reaction (AR) in response to human FF, and sperm interaction with homologous zona pellucida (ZP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells maintained for 18 hours in medium containing >/=0.1 mM of Ca(2+) were able to undergo the AR when exposed to human FF in the presence of 2.5 mM of Ca(2+). Calcium concentrations of >/=0.22 mM were sufficient to reach protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels and hyperactivated motility values similar to those of controls. Higher Ca(2+) concentrations (>/=0.58 mM) were required to produce maximum human FF-induced AR in previously capacitated cells and to obtain an adequate sperm-ZP binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different steps of the fertilization process have distinctive Ca(2+) requirements. Whereas 0.22 mM of Ca(2+) is sufficient for the development of some capacitation-related events, human FF-induced AR and sperm-ZP interaction require 0.58 mM of this cation.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Clara I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Marín-Briggiler
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Echeverría
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buffone
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Calamera
authors.forename: Jorge G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tezón
authors.forename: Mónica H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Levin
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium