title: Pattern of failures in gastric cancer patients with lymph node involvement treated by surgery, intraoperative and external beam radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High local failure rates in gastric cancer have been reported, up to 67%. To achieve a better local control, we evaluated intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in association with surgery for gastric cancer patients with lymph node involvement. We report here the analysis of the patterns of failure for patients involved in this IORT protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two positive lymph node (N+) gastric cancer patients were operated on (31 total, three subtotal and eight extended gastrectomies) with IORT procedure between 1985 and 1997 (33 males, nine females, mean age 61.3 years). IORT was focused on coeliac area (mean dose 15 Gy), followed by EBRT (46 Gy) in 36 patients. Ten patients were pN1 and 32 were pN2. A concurrent systemic chemotherapy (five Fluoro-Uracil and Cisplatinum) was performed in 14 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died postoperatively. Actuarial pN+ 10 year survival rate was 44.8%. The 5 year actuarial local control and disease-free survival rates were 78.8 and 47.5%, respectively. As far as patterns of failure were explored, 5 patients have a local coeliac recurrence (12%) and 12 have distant metastases with no evidence of coeliac recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective analysis suggests a potential effect of IORT and/or EBRT in promoting local control and long-term survival in gastric cancer patients with lymph node involvement.
authors.affiliation: EA 643, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Glehen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peyrat
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Beaujard
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chapet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romestaing
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sentenac
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Francois
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vignal
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Gilly
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure