title: Microvessel density (MVD) as a prognosticator in endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess microvessel density (MVD) as a marker for angiogenesis in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and normal endometrium at the proliferative and secretory phase, and to determine its prognostic value on survival among cases with EC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three endometrial carcinoma cases were surgically staged and recruited for this case-control study. Tissue specimens from hysterectomies due to benign conditions (uterine descensus, myoma uteri, chronic pelvic pain, adenomyosis), that belonged to proliferative (n = 10) and secretory (n = 10) endometrium (n = 10), were studied as the control group (n = 20). MVD was assessed in hot areas where a high density of microvessels were detected within tumoral tissue and normal endometrium at proliferative and secretory phases. Among EC, various prognosticators such as tumor stage, histological and nuclear grade, tumor size, lympho-vascular space involvement (LVSI), cervical involvement, myometrial invasion, adnexal and lymph node involvement, peritoneal cytology and MVD were analysed in regard to survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of cases with EC was 58.3 +/- 1.4. MVD was apparently high in EC cases (p < 0.05). Among control cases, endometrium from proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle was not statistically different (48.5 +/- 3.6 vs 47.4 +/- 3.8, respectively). MVD was correlated with high surgical stage (p < 0.001), cervical involvement (p = 0.01), adnexal involvement (p = 0.04), lympho-vascular space involvement (p = 0.02), pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and positive peritoneal cytology (p < 0.001). On univariate analysis, with a MVD cut-off value of 81/0.739 mm2, surgical stage (p < 0.001), LVSI (p < 0.001), retroperitoneal lymph node involvement (p < 0.001), adnexal metastasis (p < 0.001), peritoneal cytology (p = 0.005) and MVD count (p < 0.001) appeared to be independent factors for survival. On multivariate analysis, only pelvic lymph node involvement (p = 0.03) and MVD (p = 0.02) were found to be independent prognosticators on survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiogenesis is apparent in both initial and further evolution of a tumoral process. MVD appears to have a substantial prognostic value on survival in EC cases.
authors.affiliation: Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozalp
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acikalin
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tanir
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akkoyunlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002196:Capillaries; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014421:Turkey