title: Calming versus sedative effects of intramuscular olanzapine in agitated patients.
abstract: Distinct calming rather than nonspecific sedation is desirable for the treatment of acute agitation. In 3 double-blind studies, acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia (N = 311), bipolar mania (N = 201), or dementia (N = 206) were treated with intramuscular (1-3 injections/24 hrs) olanzapine (2.5-10.0 mg), haloperidol (7.5 mg), lorazepam (2.0 mg), or placebo. The Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES; Eli Lilly and Co.) and treatment-emergent adverse events assessed sedation. Across all studies, 1 patient (lorazepam-treated, bipolar) became unarousable. There were no significant between-group differences in ACES scores of deep sleep or unarousable at any time across. Excluding asleep patients, agitation remained significantly more reduced with olanzapine than placebo (P <.05). The incidences of adverse events indicative of sedation were not significantly different with olanzapine versus comparators. For the treatment of acute agitation associated with schizophrenia, bipolar mania, or dementia, intramuscular olanzapine-treated patients experienced no more sedation than haloperidol- or lorazepam-treated patients and experienced distinct calming rather than nonspecific sedation.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Stacy R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lindborg
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alaka
authors.forename: Karena
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meehan
authors.forename: Padraig
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D006220:Haloperidol; D000077152:Olanzapine; D008140:Lorazepam