title: Synthesis-based approach toward direct sandwich immunoassay for ciguatoxin CTX3C.
abstract: Ciguatoxins are the major causative toxins of ciguatera seafood poisoning. Limited availability of ciguatoxins has hampered the development of a reliable and specific immunoassay for detecting these toxins in contaminated fish. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific against both ends of ciguatoxin CTX3C were prepared by immunization of mice with protein conjugates of rationally designed synthetic haptens, 3 and 4, in place of the natural toxin. Haptenic groups that possess a surface area larger than 400 A(2) were required to produce mAbs that can bind strongly to CTX3C itself. A direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using these mAbs was established to detect CTX3C at the ppb level with no cross-reactivity against other related marine toxins, including brevetoxin A, brevetoxin B, okadaic acid, or maitotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oguri
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirama
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsumuraya
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Hisatoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagumo
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D002922:Ciguatoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006241:Haptens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006241:Haptens; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C466858:ciguatoxin 3C; D002922:Ciguatoxins