title: Attenuation of acute xenograft rejection by short-term treatment with LF15-0195 and monoclonal antibody against CD45RB in a rat-to-mouse cardiac transplantation model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported that Lewis rat hearts transplanted into BALB/c mice developed typical acute vascular rejection (AVR). The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of LF15-0195, a new analogue of 15-deoxyspergualin, in the prevention of AVR and to determine whether a combination of LF15-0195 and CD45RB monoclonal antibody (mAb) would have a synergistic effect in prolonging xenograft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  We transplanted 2-week-old Lewis rat hearts into BALB/c mice, followed by experimental immunosuppressive regimens. Control groups were either untreated or treated with mAb monotherapy (100 microg/mouse, days -1 to 7, intravenously). Experimental groups were either treated with LF15-0195 (2 mg/kg, days -1 to 14, subcutaneously) or with LF15-0195 combined with mAb at monotherapeutic doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart xenografts in both untreated and mAb-treated BALB/c recipients were rejected at 6.0+/-0.7 days and 8.5+/-1.3 days, respectively, with typical features of AVR, characterized by hemorrhage, fibrin deposition, thrombosis, and massive accumulations of anti-rat IgG and IgM. Serum xenoreactive antibodies (xAbs) were also markedly elevated in these animals. In contrast, LF15-0195 monotherapy significantly prolonged graft survival to 19.3+/-0.7 days. Notably, xAbs were significantly decreased and graft rejection was of a cell-mediated nature instead of AVR. When mAb was combined with LF15-0195, graft survival was further increased to 65.2+/-9.1 days. Antibody production and T-cell infiltration were significantly inhibited at terminal stages of graft survival. Sequential studies on days 6 and 14 demonstrated that LF15-0195, either alone or combined with mAb, completely inhibited antibody production. However, intragraft infiltration by Mac-1+ cells in LF15-0195-treated recipients was similar to that of untreated recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LF15-0195 effectively attenuated AVR by markedly inhibiting antidonor xAb production. Treatment with a combination of LF15-0195 and CD45RB mAb also significantly reduced T-cell infiltration and should be studied further to evaluate its efficacy in nonhuman primate subjects.
authors.affiliation: Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Karoline A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hosiawa
authors.forename: Bertha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Shum
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutartre
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelvin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006146:Guanidines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C434185:LF 150195; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens