title: Macroinvertebrate biomonitoring in intermittent coastal plain streams impacted by animal agriculture.
abstract: Little attention has been given to the ecology of intermittent coastal plain streams in the southeastern United States, and it is not known whether available macroinvertebrate biomonitoring methods reliably detect degradation in these streams. This study compared differences in biomonitoring metrics between reference and agricultural streams, and between the flow period (January-April) and the intermittent flow period (May-December). Percentages of crustaceans, isopods, and Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) were significantly higher at the reference site than the two most impacted sites during the flow period, probably resulting from the abundance of leaf litter and lower temperatures. During this same period, the agriculturally impacted sites had a significantly higher percentage of dipterans--a group that thrives in the silty, nutrient-rich waters. Four metrics (percent Crustacea, Isopoda, Diptera, and EPT) had no overlap between values for the most impacted and the least impacted sites during the flow period, but no metrics were able to detect more discrete differences among sites. Sites were physically and biologically similar during the intermittent period when natural stresses (i.e., stagnant water, high temperatures, low dissolved oxygen) were high, with many metrics, such as percentages of dominant family, burrowers, chironomids, and dipterans becoming similar at all sites. Our findings indicate that development of a better understanding of invertebrate fauna in reference conditions and of the natural variation in intermittent streams is necessary to develop effective biomonitoring programs for these systems.
authors.affiliation: J.W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Route 2, Box 2324, Newton, GA 31770, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Golladay
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vellidis
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pringle
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D003445:Crustacea; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007313:Insecta; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012016:Reference Values; D013696:Temperature; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants