title: [Presence of the trace elements from carbon dioxide absorbent containing lime using a circular apparatus during general anesthesia. ].
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate release of the trace elements from carbon dioxide absorbent containing soda lime during general anesthesia. We compared two suppliers Polish "Polfa" and German "Dräger". Following trace elements were evaluated: chromium, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, nickel in soda lime. In blood of the patients we evaluated: copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, bromine, rubidium, iron, mercury. Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) was used to measure concentrations of the elements. Probes of soda lime were analyzed before anesthesia (Polfa, Dräger), 6 hr after the use (Polfa only) and after 10 weeks (Dräger only). 10 patients were divided in two equal groups, one was anesthetized using soda lime from Polfa and another one from Dräger. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia, immediately after and the next day. Mean values of the concentrations of the elements in soda lime coming from Polfa ranged from 0.20 ppm (nickel) to 7.19 ppm (zinc). In Dräger the measurements were from 0.22 ppm (nickel) to 3.70 ppm (zinc). Mean concentrations of trace elements in blood samples were between 0.20 ppm (lead) and 487 ppm (iron) for the patients anesthetized with Polfa soda lime. In Dräger the measurements ranged from 0.15 ppm (lead) to 485 ppm (iron). Concentrations of cadmium and mercury were below the method's limit. Mean values were almost the same in all time points. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-tests. Values of P < 0.05 were consider significant. We concluded that there were no statistically significant differences between examined groups. Thus, we can say that trace elements were not released from soda lime and concentrations of examined elements in patients' blood were not affected by general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ul. Kopernika 17, 31-501 Kraków.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macheta
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Słodowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocot
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muszyński
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rokita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andres
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; C016538:lime; D015032:Zinc