title: Chitosan: potential use as a bioactive coating for orthopaedic and craniofacial/dental implants.
abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer that exhibits osteoconductive, enhanced wound healing and antimicrobial properties which make it attractive for use as a bioactive coating to improve osseointegration of orthopaedic and craniofacial implant devices. Coatings made from 91.2% de-acetylated chitosan were chemically bonded to titanium coupons via silane-glutaraldehyde molecules. The bond strength of the coatings was evaluated in mechanical tensile tests, and their dissolution and cytocompatibility were evaluated in vitro using cell-culture medium and UMR 106 osteoblastic cells, respectively. The results showed that the chitosan coatings were chemically bonded to the titanium substrate and that the bond strengths (1.5-1.8 MPa) were not affected by gas sterilization. However, the chitosan bond strengths were less than those reported for calcium-phosphate coatings. The gas-sterilized coatings exhibited little dissolution over 8 weeks in cell-culture solution, and the attachment and growth of the UMR 106 osteoblast cells was greater on the chitosan-coated samples than on the uncoated titanium. These results indicated that chitosan has the potential to be used as a biocompatible, bioactive coating for orthopaedic and craniofacial implant devices.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Program, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS 39762, USA. jbumgard@abe.msstate.edu
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bumgardner
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiser
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergin
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chestnutt
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Steve H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Jerome A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D009983:Orthopedic Equipment; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D012821:Silanes; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D014025:Titanium