title: Laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy: a technique illustrated step by step.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic surgery is expanding among urologists as a minimally invasive treatment and may now be applied to treat neoplasms of the pelvic organs. Laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy has still not been well codified and illustrated. We describe a technique of laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy that we have developed in 10 patients after practicing in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2001 and July 2002, 10 men with bladder cancer underwent laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy with urinary diversion. This report details step by step our 5-port transperitoneal technique with primary access to the seminal vesicles and Denonvillier's fascia, ureters detection after umbilical arteries incision, endopelvic fascia incision and dorsal vein complex control before division of the vesical and prostatic fibrovascular pedicles with a harmonic scalpel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed 6 orthotopic ileal neobladders, 2 sigmoid ureterostomies and 2 cutaneous ureterostomies. In all cases no conversion to open surgery was necessary. The mean time to perform the laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy, including the lymph node dissection, was 166 minutes (range 150-180). Mean estimated blood loss was 310 ml (range 220-440). Mean hospital stay was 8.1 days (range 7-9) for ileal orthotopic neobladder, 8 days (range 7-9) for sigmoid ureterostomy and 5 days for cutaneous ureterostomy. The mean follow up is 12.3 months (range 5-18). Two patients respectively with stage T2bN0 G2-3 and stage pT1N0 (plus carcinoma in situ) G3 transitional cell carcinoma and surgical margins tumor free had diffusive metastatic disease after 6 months. The other 8 patients are free from disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is still an operation for pioneers but this procedure may be not strictly relegated to a few academic centers. In our opinion laparoscopic cystoprostatectomy is a feasible, fast, safe and easy procedure and urinary diversion may be performed with a laparoscopic, open or combined approach without reducing the advantages of laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy. alchiedesimonato@libero.it
authors.forename: Alchiede
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonato
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gregori
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lissiani
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozzola
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaboardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent