title: Qualitative versus quantitative assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity to acetazolamide using iodine-123-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine SPECT in patients with unilateral major cerebral artery occlusive disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Qualitative measurement of regional cerebrovascular reactivity (rCVR) to acetazolamide with single-photon emission CT (SPECT) has been widely used to determine the severity of hemodynamic impairment. We attempted to validate the accuracy of qualitative assessment by using SPECT to detect reduced rCVR compared with rCVR determined quantitatively in patients with unilateral major cerebral artery occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed with iodine-123-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine ((123)I-IMP) at rest and after acetazolamide activation in 133 patients with previously symptomatic, unilateral internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. Quantitative values were calculated by using the (123)I-IMP autoradiographic method and analyzed for each cerebral hemisphere as the percentage change in rCBF between resting and activation studies (%(Hem)). Qualitative rCVR was determined for the target hemisphere distal to the occlusion as the cerebral-interhemispheric asymmetry index (AI(Hem)) and as an index of flow difference between the target cerebral and ipsilateral cerebellar hemispheres (FI(Hem-Cbl)). Values 2 SDs below the mean in healthy volunteers were defined as decreased.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fair agreement was observed between %(Hem) and both AI(Hem) change (resting vs activation, kappa = 0.409) and FI(Hem-Cbl) change (resting vs activation, kappa = 0.440). When %(Hem) was assumed to represent the true determinant of assessing rCVR, AI(Hem) change and FI(Hem-Cbl) change demonstrated sensitivities of 68% and 78%; specificities, 72% and 76%; positive predictive values, 48% and 56%; false-positive incidences, 28% and 24%; and false-negative incidences, 32% and 22% for detecting patients with reduced rCVR, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subgroups of patients with hemodynamic impairment cannot be accurately defined by using rCVR qualitatively measured with SPECT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and the Cyclotron Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Uchimaru 19-1, Morioka 020-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuguchi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasoh
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020367:Iofetamine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D020367:Iofetamine; D000086:Acetazolamide