title: Thyroid hormone activates fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in bone.
abstract: Thyroid hormone (T3) and the T3 receptor (TR) alpha gene are essential for bone development whereas adult hyperthyroidism increases the risk of osteoporotic fracture. We isolated fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) as a T3-target gene in osteoblasts by subtraction hybridization. FGFR1 mRNA was induced 2- to 3-fold in osteoblasts treated with T3 for 6-48 h, and FGFR1 protein was stimulated 2- to 4-fold. Induction of FGFR1 was independent of mRNA half-life and abolished by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, indicating the involvement of an intermediary protein. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) stimulated MAPK in osteoblasts, and pretreatment with T3 for 6 h induced a more rapid response to FGF that was increased in magnitude by 2- to 3-fold. Similarly, T3 enhanced FGF2-activated autophosphorylation of FGFR1, but did not modify FGF2-induced phosphorylation of the docking protein FRS2. These effects were abolished by the FGFR-selective inhibitors PD166866 and PD161570. In situ hybridization analyses of TRalpha-knockout mice, which have impaired ossification and skeletal mineralization, revealed reduced FGFR1 mRNA expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes, whereas T3 failed to stimulate FGFR1 mRNA or enhance FGF2-activated MAPK signaling in TRalpha-null osteoblasts. These findings implicate FGFR1 signaling in T3-dependent bone development and the pathogenesis of skeletal disorders resulting from thyroid disease.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Endocrinology Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Clinical Research Building, 5th Floor, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Clare B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Anthea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Joanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samarut
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chassande
authors.forename: Graham R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000187:drug effects; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C107527:PD 161570; D011743:Pyrimidines; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D014508:Urea; D010770:Phosphotransferases; C496349:Fgfr1 protein, mouse; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C113399:PD 166866