title: Improved net protein balance, lean mass, and gene expression changes with oxandrolone treatment in the severely burned.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of the anabolic agent oxandrolone on muscle protein and gene expression in severely burned children.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The authors previously showed that oxandrolone increased net muscle protein synthesis in emaciated burned patients receiving delayed treatment for severe burns. They hypothesized that similar effects would be seen in those treated early after burn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two severely burned children were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial. Subjects underwent studies to assess leg protein net balance 5 days after the first excision and grafting procedure. Immediately after these studies, treatment with placebo (n = 18) or 0.1 mg/kg oxandrolone (n = 14) twice a day was started. One week after this, another net balance study was performed in each subject. Body weights and total body potassium counting were used to determine body compositional changes. Muscle biopsies were taken 1 week after treatment in oxandrolone subjects to examine gene expression changes with gene array (12,600 genes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein net balance did not change in the placebo group, while oxandrolone-treated subjects had a significant improvement. Body weights and fat free mass significantly decreased in the placebo group, while no changes were found in the oxandrolone-treated subjects. Expression changes were seen in 14 genes in the oxandrolone group compared to placebo. Some of these included myosin light chain (+2.7-fold change), tubulin (+2.3), calmodulin (-2.3), and protein phosphatase I inhibitor (-2.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxandrolone improves protein net balance and lean mass in the severely burned. These changes are associated with increased gene expression for functional muscle proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shriners Burns Hospital, University of Texas Medical Branch, 815 Market, Galveston, TX 77550, USA. swolf@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mohan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dasu
authors.forename: Arny A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ferrando
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Chinkes
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D002056:Burns / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D005503:Food Additives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005526:Food, Formulated; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010074:Oxandrolone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040081:Protein Array Analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D005503:Food Additives; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010074:Oxandrolone; C011567:Vivonex