title: The safe management of physical aggression using multi-element positive practices in community settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Behavioral strategies often are used with people with acquired brain injury. Most involve the application of contingent reinforcement and punishment for selected behaviors or teaching important skills to overcome the challenging behaviors. However, consequential intervention and other strategies that depend on new learning may be precluded when working with individuals with significant short-term memory impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present case study reports the results of non-consequential strategies based on a positive, multi-element model to address physical aggression and other related problems for such an individual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Support did not involve the use of aversive consequences for challenging behaviors nor the use of physical management/restraint. The identified problems were effectively and safely addressed and community living in close proximity to his family was maintained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implications of this approach for the support of people who face similar challenges are discussed, including the ability to address serious problems such as physical aggression without resorting to aversive procedures.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis, Los Angeles, Ca 90045, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: LaVigna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D017751:Safety Management