The role of chordin/Bmp signals in mammalian pharyngeal development and DiGeorge syndrome.
The chordin/Bmp system provides one of the best examples of extracellular signaling regulation in animal development. We present the phenotype produced by the targeted inactivation of the chordin gene in mouse. Chordin homozygous mutant mice show, at low penetrance, early lethality and a ventralized gastrulation phenotype. The mutant embryos that survive die perinatally, displaying an extensive array of malformations that encompass most features of DiGeorge and Velo-Cardio-Facial syndromes in humans. Chordin secreted by the mesendoderm is required for the correct expression of Tbx1 and other transcription factors involved in the development of the pharyngeal region. The chordin mutation provides a mouse model for head and neck congenital malformations that frequently occur in humans and suggests that chordin/Bmp signaling may participate in their pathogenesis.
Bachiller
Daniel
D
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA. bachiller@hnsurg.medsch.ucla.edu
Klingensmith
John
J
Shneyder
Natalya
N
Tran
Uyen
U
Anderson
Ryan
R
Rossant
Janet
J
De Robertis
E M
EM
D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000196:embryology; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000196:embryology*; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005775:Gastrula / Q000502:physiology; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D010614:Pharynx / Q000196:embryology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C496457:Fgf8 protein, mouse; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C491573:Tbx1 protein, mouse; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C054234:chordin