title: Influence of implant design and bone quality on stress/strain distribution in bone around implants: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A 3-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of implant type and length, as well as that of bone quality, on the stress/strain in bone and implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types (screw and cylinder) and 4 lengths (9.2, 10.8, 12.4, and 14.0 mm) of titanium implants were buried in 4 types of bone modeled by varying the elastic modulus for cancellous bone. Axial and buccolingual forces were applied to the occlusal node at the center of the abutment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of load direction, maximum equivalent stress/strain in bone increased with a decrease in cancellous bone density. Under axial load, especially in the low-density bone models, maximum equivalent strain in cancellous bone was lower with the screw-type implant than with the cylinder-type implant. It was also lower with the longer implants than with the shorter implants. Under buccolingual load, equivalent stress/strain was influenced mainly by bone density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the importance of bone quality and its presurgical diagnosis for implant long-term prognosis. Implant length and type can also influence bone strain, especially in low-density bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that cancellous bone of higher rather than lower density might ensure a better biomechanical environment for implants. Moreover, longer screw-type implants could be a better choice in a jaw with cancellous bone of low density.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stegaroiu
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusakari
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001732:Bite Force; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011379:Prognosis; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium