title: The promyelocytic leukemia protein protects p53 from Mdm2-mediated inhibition and degradation.
abstract: The p53 protein is kept labile under normal conditions. This regulation is governed largely by its major negative regulator, Mdm2. In response to stress however, p53 accumulates and becomes activated. For this to occur, the inhibitory effects of Mdm2 have to be neutralized. Here we investigated the role of the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in the activation of p53 in response to stress. We found that PML is critical for the accumulation of p53 in response to DNA damage under physiological conditions. PML protects p53 from Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, and from inhibition of apoptosis. PML neutralizes the inhibitory effects of Mdm2 by prolonging the stress-induced phosphorylation of p53 on serine 20, a site of the checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2). PML recruits Chk2 and p53 into the PML nuclear bodies and enhances p53/Chk2 interaction. Our results provide a novel mechanistic explanation for the cooperation between PML and p53 in response to DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
authors.forename: Igal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Louria-Hayon
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Ronit Vogt
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Sionov
authors.forename: Osnat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alsheich
authors.forename: Pier Paolo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.forename: Ygal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haupt
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C513293:Pml protein, mouse; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; C070576:PML protein, human; D012694:Serine; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D011494:Protein Kinases; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; C578633:Chek2 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases