title: The clinical role of cytochrome p450 genotypes in Helicobacter pylori management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pharmacogenomics study was to investigate the influence of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) genotypes in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 143 consecutive Italian Caucasian patients with H. pylori infection diagnosed and treated with 1-wk triple therapy according to European Helicobacter Pylori Study Group guidelines. Using human genomic DNA, CYP2C19 (*2 and *3) and CYP3A4 alleles (*1B, *2, and *3) were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays and confirmed by sequencing the amplicons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the endoscopy-based gold standard, 93 patients achieved H. pylori eradication. Regarding CYP2C19 genotype, the 50 patients who remained infected were all homozygous or heterozygous extensive metabolizers (homEM or hetEM). Carriers of homEM fared significantly less well than those of hetEM; homEM genotype was also predictive of failure at univariate/multivariate analysis. Carriers of CYP3A4 polymorphisms achieved favorable eradication rates similar to patients bearing CYP2C19. All four patients with single CYP3A4*2 polymorphism achieved eradication, and only 29% (5/17) of all CYP3A4*1B carriers did not achieve eradication. All nine patients carrying CYP3A4 polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 hetEM subgroup were cured, suggesting the possibility of a positive synergism between CYP3A4 and CYP2C19.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first pharmacogenomics study on the influence of different CYP genotypes on H. pylori therapy suggests that, as in Asian populations, CYP2C19 genotype patterns are probably also relevant in Caucasians receiving H. pylori eradication regimens that include omeprazole. The possibility of a favorable drug interaction mediated by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 requires investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomic Unit St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sapone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trespidi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gatta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tampieri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cantelli-Forti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miglioli
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Biagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paolini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D000658:Amoxicillin; D004247:DNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole