title: Identification of immunoreactive proteins during acute human giardiasis.
abstract: The protozoan Giardia lamblia is a major cause of parasite-induced diarrhea in humans. Humoral immunity has been shown to be important for clearance of the infection, but only a few antigens have been identified. In this study, we focused on the immunoreactivity of nonvariant antigens. Serum samples from 93 patients with acute giardiasis who were infected during a waterborne outbreak in a nonendemic country were screened on 1-dimensional Western blots. Representative serum samples that reacted strongly with proteins of different molecular weights were further analyzed on 2-dimensional Western blots. Sixteen immunoreactive proteins were identified using mass spectrometry analysis, among them variable surface proteins, alpha-giardins, arginine deiminase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Several of the identified proteins were immunoreactive in recombinant form, and they may be important in the development of new diagnostic tools and vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J E Daniel
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.forename: Malin E-L
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Weiland
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ljungström
authors.forename: Staffan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Svärd
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000276:immunology*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes