title: Secondary metabolites of Flustra foliacea and their influence on bacteria.
abstract: The North Sea bryozoan Flustra foliacea was investigated to determine its secondary metabolite content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of a dichloromethane extract of the bryozoan enabled 11 compounds to be identified. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of the extract resulted in the isolation of 10 brominated alkaloids (compounds 1 to 10) and one diterpene (compound 11). All of these compounds were tested to determine their activities in agar diffusion assays against bacteria derived from marine and terrestrial environments. Compounds 1, 3 to 7, 10, and 11 exhibited significant activities against one or more marine bacterial strains originally isolated from F. foliacea but only weak activities against all of the terrestrial bacteria. By using the biosensors Pseudomonas putida(pKR-C12), P. putida(pAS-C8), and Escherichia coli(pSB403) the antagonistic effect on N-acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent quorum-sensing systems was investigated. Compounds 8 and 10 caused reductions in the signal intensities in these bioassays ranging from 50 to 20% at a concentration of 20 micro g/ml.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Gabriele M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pukall
authors.forename: Erko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stackebrandt
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eberl
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riedel
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002013:Bryozoa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008386:Marine Biology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009659:North Sea
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D004224:Diterpenes; C088386:homoserine lactone; D015107:4-Butyrolactone