title: Transforming growth factor beta blocks Tec kinase phosphorylation, Ca2+ influx, and NFATc translocation causing inhibition of T cell differentiation.
abstract: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta inhibits T cell proliferation and differentiation. TGF-beta has been shown to inhibit the expression of transcription factors such as GATA-3 and T-bet that play important roles in T cell differentiation. Here we show that TGF-beta inhibits T cell differentiation at a more proximal step. An early event during T cell activation is increased intracellular calcium levels. Calcium influx in activated T cells and the subsequent activation of transcription factors such as NFATc, events essential for T cell differentiation, are modulated by the Tec kinases that are downstream of the T cell receptor and CD28. We show that in stimulated CD4+ T cells, TGF-beta inhibits phosphorylation and activation of the Tec kinase Itk, increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels, NFATc translocation, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK that together regulate T cell differentiation. Our studies suggest that by inhibiting Itk, and consequently Ca2+ influx, TGF-beta limits T cell differentiation along both the Th1 and Th2 lineages.
authors.affiliation: Vion Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Chang-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seguin-Devaux
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Oriss
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clipstone
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494005:Nfatc1 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C089848:Tec protein-tyrosine kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; C497262:Zap70 protein, mouse; C080813:emt protein-tyrosine kinase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium