title: Oxymetholone for the treatment of HIV-wasting: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial in eugonadal men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), chronic involuntary weight loss still remains a serious problem in the care of HIV patients due to various alterations in energy metabolism and endocrine regulation. Previous studies in HIV-positive men undergoing androgen replacement therapy or treatment with recombinant growth hormone (rGH) have shown partial restoration of lean body mass (LBM), but these treatments have largely not been sufficiently studied in eugonadal individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 89 HIV-positive eugonadal women and men with wasting assigned to the anabolic steroid oxymetholone (50 mg bid or tid) or placebo for 16 weeks was performed. Body weight, bioimpedance measurements, quality of life parameters, and appetite were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxymetholone led to a significant weight gain of 3.0 +/- 0.5 and 3.5 +/- 0.7 kg in the tid and bid groups, respectively (p <.05 for each treatment versus placebo), while individuals in the placebo group gained an average of 1.0 +/- 0.7 kg. Body cell mass (BCM) increased in the oxymetholone bid group (3.8 +/- 0.4 kg; p <.0001) and in the oxymetholone tid group (2.1 +/- 0.6 kg; p <.005). Significant improvements were noted in appetite and food intake, increased wellbeing, and reduced weakness by self-examination. The most important adverse event was liver-associated toxicity. Overall, 43% of patients in the tid group, 25% of patients in the bid oxymetholone group, and 8% in the placebo group had a greater than 5 times baseline increase for ALT, AST, or gamma GT, while other adverse events were not increased over placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxymetholone can be considered an effective anabolic steroid in eugonadal male and female patients with AIDS-associated wasting. The bid (100 mg/day) regimen appeared to be equally effective to the tid (150 mg/day) regimen in terms of weight gain, LBM, and BCM and was associated with less liver toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. ulrich.hengge@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Ulrich R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Hengge
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faulkner
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiehler
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jentzen
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hengge
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ringham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D019247:HIV Wasting Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010110:Oxymetholone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D010110:Oxymetholone