title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in oral antihyperglycemic medication-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to compare the effects of 2 doses of pioglitazone hydrochloride (a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer) with placebo on glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had suboptimal glycemic control and mild dyslipidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA(1c) >/=6.5% and </=9.8%) who had not previously received insulin or oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs) were randomized to treatment with placebo, pioglitazone 30 mg QD, or pioglitazone 45 mg QD in double-blind fashion for 16 weeks at 41 centers in Canada and Spain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 297 patients were randomized (99 in each group). Overall, 286 (96.3%) were white. Mean (SD) age was 58.4 (10.9) years (range, 24-85 years), mean (SD) body mass index was 31.4 (4.8) kg/m(2), mean (SD) duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 20.0 (37.4) months, and 30.6% of patients were receiving medication for dyslipidemia. Treatment with pioglitazone 30 or 45 mg QD for 16 weeks reduced mean HbA(1c) by 0.8% and 0.9% from baseline, respectively (both P < 0.001 vs baseline and placebo). A reduction in HbA(1c) of 0.2% was observed in the placebo group (P = 0.025). In patients with medium (>/=7% to <8%) or high (>/=8% to </=9.8%) baseline HbA(1c), both doses of pioglitazone significantly reduced HbA(1c) (both P < 0.001 vs placebo). Pioglitazone 30 and 45 mg significantly reduced fasting serum insulin versus placebo (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006, respectively) and increased insulin sensitivity by Homeostasis Model Assessment versus placebo (P = 0.039 and P = 0.001, respectively). Relative to placebo, pioglitazone 30 and 45 mg significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C [P = 0.028 and P < 0.001, respectively]) and lowered the atherogenic index of plasma (P = 0.018 and P < 0.001, respectively). Pioglitazone 45 mg also significantly reduced serum triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio versus placebo (P = 0.007, P = 0.015, and P = 0.005, respectively). Pioglitazone 30 and 45 mg were associated with a significant reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase relative to placebo (P = 0.036 and P = 0.005, respectively). Pioglitazone appeared to be safe and was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, pioglitazone 30 and 45 mg produced significant improvements in HbA(1c), insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile in OAM-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with suboptimal glycemic control and mild dyslipidemia.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Herz_Matthias@lilly.com
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herz
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reviriego
authors.forename: Loren D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godin
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lochnan
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Escobar-Jiménez
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Konkoy
authors.forename: Meng H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones