title: Cytokine profiles in adult mink infected with Aleutian mink disease parvovirus.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-, interleukin 4 (IL-4)-, and IL-8-producing cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mink infected with the Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV). As expected, ADV-infected mink developed high plasma gamma globulin values (hypergammaglobulinemia) and enhanced quantities of CD8-positive (CD8(+)) cells in the blood during the infection. We quantified the percentages of IFN-gamma- and IL-4-positive lymphocytes and IL-8-positive monocytes up to week 38 after virus challenge. The results clearly indicated marked increases in the percentages of IFN-gamma- and IL-4-producing lymphocytes during ADV infection. The total number of IL-8-producing monocytes in the blood of ADV-infected mink stayed fairly constant during the infection. In order to characterize the phenotype of the cytokine-producing cells, we performed double-labeling fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) experiments with CD8 surface labeling in one channel and cytokine intracellular staining in the other. We found that most IFN-gamma and IL-4 in ADV-infected mink was produced by CD8(+) cells, while in the uninfected mink, these cytokines were primarily produced by a cell type that was not CD8 (possibly CD4-positive cells). We also observed that IL-8 was almost exclusively produced by monocytes. All of the above findings led us to conclude that both Th1- and Th2-driven immune functions are found in mink plasmacytosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Castelruiz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aasted
mesh_terms: D000453:Aleutian Mink Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008907:Mink
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma