title: 1H-NMR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition analysis reveals characteristic chemical patterns in urines of MS patients and non-human primates with MS-like disease.
abstract: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy in combination with pattern recognition techniques were used to investigate the composition of organic compounds in urines from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and healthy controls (H). Using a valid animal model of MS, namely the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the relation of disease progression and alteration of the urine composition was investigated. Urine samples were collected during different stages of EAE, either induced with whole human myelin or with the myelin protein MOG in complete adjuvant. The urine samples were analysed with 1H-NMR spectroscopy allowing simultaneous detection of an array of compounds. Spectral differences between urines from EAE-affected and healthy monkeys were assessed with multivariate analysis. Evidence is provided that development of EAE is associated with changes in the chemical composition of the urine, in particular of compounds with NMR peaks in the region of the spectrum between 0.5 and 3.50 ppm. In addition, we found preliminary evidence for differences between urines from MS, OND and H groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands. hart@bprc.nl
authors.forename: Bert A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: 't Hart
authors.forename: Jack T W E
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Vogels
authors.forename: Gerwin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spijksma
authors.forename: Herbert P M
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Brok
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Greef
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000652:urine*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014316:Tritium; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D014316:Tritium