title: Systematic reviews of herbal medicines--an annotated bibliography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a comprehensive collection and a summary of systematic reviews of clinical trials on herbal medicines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potentially relevant reviews were searched through the register of the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field, the Cochrane Library, Medline, and bibliographies of articles and books. To be included articles had to review prospective clinical trials of herbal medicines; had to describe review methods explicitly; had to be published; and had to focus on treatment effects. Information on conditions, interventions, methods, results and conclusions was extracted using a pretested form and summarized descriptively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 79 potentially relevant reviews preselected in the screening process 58 met the inclusion criteria. 30 of the reports reviewed ginkgo (for dementia, intermittent claudication, tinnitus, and macular degeneration), hypericum (for depression) or garlic preparations (for cardiovascular risk factors and lower limb atherosclerosis). The quality of primary studies was criticized in the majority of the reviews. Most reviews judged the available evidence as promising but definitive conclusions were rarely possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systematic reviews are available on a broad range of herbal preparations prescribed for defined conditions. There is very little evidence on the effectiveness of herbalism as practiced by specialist herbalists who combine herbs and use unconventional diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Technische Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: ter Riet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hondras
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melchart
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016239:MEDLINE; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome