title: Effects of root-end filling materials on fibroblasts and macrophages in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 root-end filling materials (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA], intermediate restorative material [IRM], amalgam, and Retroplast) on cell growth, cell morphology, and cytokine (interleukin [IL]1beta and IL-6) production in mouse fibroblasts and macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Millipore culture plate inserts with freshly mixed or set root-end filling material were placed into 6-well cell culture plates with already attached mouse fibroblasts or macrophages. Cells cultured with only the Millipore culture plate inserts served as a control. After a 3-day incubation, cell morphology was examined, and the total cell number per well was counted and analyzed by using 1-way analysis of variance. For cytokine assay, mouse macrophages were incubated in 24-well flat-bottom plates with set root-end filling material disks in the bottom. Cells cultured without the material disks served as negative controls, and cells cultured with lipopolysaccharides served as positive controls. After 24-hour incubation, culture media were collected for cytokine assay by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All root-end filling materials inhibited the cell growth of mouse fibroblasts and macrophages. There was no growth in the originally seeded cells in the fresh IRM, the fresh Retroplast, and the set IRM group. There was no difference between MTA and amalgam for cell growth either in the fresh material groups or in the set material groups. The total cell number in the set Retroplast group was significantly less than that in the set MTA group. Morphologically, MTA was characterized by denatured medium proteins and dead cells adjacent to the material, which were observed only in the fresh MTA group. There was no detected cytokine production in any of the tested material groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All root-end filling materials inhibited cell growth, and none induced IL-1beta and IL-6 production.
authors.affiliation: The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1715, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: Kamran E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: Larz S W
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Spångberg
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C031667:IRM cement; D003723:Dental Amalgam