title: Mothers of undernourished Jamaican children have poorer psychosocial functioning and this is associated with stimulation provided in the home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare mothers of undernourished children with mothers of adequately nourished children on maternal depression, parenting self-esteem, social support and exposure to stressors and to determine if these variables are independently related to undernutrition and stimulation provided in the home after controlling for socio-economic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and their mothers were recruited from 18 government health centres in the Kingston, St Andrew and St Catherine parishes of Jamaica.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-nine mothers of undernourished children (WAZ< or =-1.5z scores) aged 9 - 30 months and 71 mothers of adequately nourished children (WAZ > -1z scores) matched for sex and age group were enrolled into the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers of undernourished children came from poorer homes but had similar social support to mothers of adequately nourished children. They were more depressed, had lower levels of parenting self-esteem (both P<0.01), reported higher levels of economic stress (P<0.001) and provided a less stimulating home environment (P<0.05). However, after controlling for social background variables there was no independent relationship between either psychosocial function or home stimulation and nutritional status. Undernutrition was found to be mainly explained by economic factors. The mothers' self-esteem was independently associated with the level of stimulation provided to the child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When caring for undernourished children attention should be paid to the psychosocial status of the mother as well as the physical condition of the child.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Thrasher Research Fund; Campus Research and Publication Fund, UWI, Jamaica.
authors.affiliation: Centre of International Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baker-Henningham
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grantham-McGregor
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007563:Jamaica; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires