title: Pregnancy related complications in women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pregnancy is well tolerated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort comprised 127 consecutively referred women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Forty (31.5%) underwent clinical evaluation before pregnancy. The remaining 87 (68.5%) were referred after their first pregnancy. All underwent history, examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Pregnancy related symptoms and complications were determined by questionnaire and review of medical and obstetric records where available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 271 pregnancies in total. Thirty six (28.3%) women reported cardiac symptoms in pregnancy. Over 90% of these women had been symptomatic before pregnancy. Symptoms deteriorated during pregnancy in fewer than 10%. Of the 36 women with symptoms during pregnancy, 30 had further pregnancies. Symptoms reoccurred in 18 (60%); symptomatic deterioration was not reported. Heart failure occurred postnatally in two women (1.6%). No complications were reported in 19 (15%) women who underwent general anaesthesia and in 22 (17.4%) women who received epidural anaesthesia, three of whom had a significant left ventricular outflow tract gradient at diagnosis after pregnancy. Three unexplained intrauterine deaths occurred in women taking cardiac medication throughout pregnancy. No echocardiographic or clinical feature was a useful indicator of pregnancy related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tolerate pregnancy well. However, rare complications can occur and therefore planned delivery and fetal monitoring are still required for some patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thaman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varnava
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Firoozi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Condon
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal