title: Cephalocele and cystic hygroma: diagnosis and differentiation in the first trimester of pregnancy with transvaginal sonography. Report of two cases.
abstract: Two case reports are presented of fetuses with malformations in the neck region, detected in the first trimester of pregnancy by transvaginal ultrasonography. In one fetus a septated cystic hygroma was visualized. Trisomy 18 was found. The other fetus presented with a cephalocele. The ultrasound diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy in both cases. Sonographic criteria to distinguish between cystic hygroma and occipital cephalocele in the first trimester of pregnancy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Zalen-Sprock
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Vugt
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van dHarten
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van Geijn