title: Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo in multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapeutic techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on the most common causes of vertigo in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and emphasize appropriate diagnostic techniques and treatment interventions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  True vertigo is estimated to occur in about 20% of MS patients. Lesions within the vestibular nuclei and in the root entry zone of cranial nerve VIII represent the most common locations where demyelinating activity can provoke vertigo in patients with MS. However, other causes of vertigo should be explored in MS patients in order to avoid unnecessary treatment with corticosteroids and vestibular suppressants. Recently, we reviewed our four-year experience with new onset vertigo in our university-based MS population and found that benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV) to be the most common cause. All patients diagnosed with BPPV were treated successfully with particle repositioning maneuvers. The remaining patients were treated with conventional therapies appropriate for the specific diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Empiric treatments with corticosteroids and/or vestibular suppressants should not be employed until all MS patients undergo a careful bedside examination, which includes diagnostic positional and, if indicated, particle repositioning maneuvers. Here we emphasize the pathophysiology of BPPV and illustrate the proper techniques for the diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA. efrohm@mednet.swmed.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Frohman
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Frohman
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture; D014717:Vertigo / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy