title: Bile salts and cholesterol induce changes in the lipid cell membrane of Lactobacillus reuteri.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bile salts and cholesterol in the lipid profile of Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1098 and to determine the relationship existing between these changes: the in vitro removal of cholesterol and the tolerance of the cells to acid and cold stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1098 was grown in the following media: MRS (deMan Rogosa Sharpe; MC, control medium), MB (MC with bile salts), MCH (MC with sterile cholesterol) and MBCH (MC with bile salts and cholesterol). Fatty acids were determined by analytical gas-liquid chromatography, and phospholipids and glycolipids by colorimetric techniques. The cells from different culture media were subjected to cold and acid stress. The MB cultures displayed a decrease in phospholipids and a low ratio of saturated : unsaturated fatty acids. The presence of the unusual C18 : 0,10-OH and C18 : 0,10-oxo fatty acids was the prominent characteristic of the bile salts growing cells. The relative increase in glycolipids and the changes in the fatty acids profiles of the MB cells would be responsible for the cholesterol remotion. The changes induced by bile salts in the lipid profile did not improve the tolerance of L. reuteri CRL 1098 to freezing and acid stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in lipid profiles reported in this study would play a key role in the response of Lactobacilli to environmental stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides useful information about the effect of bile salts on the cell membrane of L. reuteri, a probiotic enterolactobacillus. The steady-state response of the cells subjected to bile stress seems to be the appropriate model for evaluating the bacterial behaviour in detergent-containing gastrointestinal tracts, where the bile salts stress would presumably be continuous.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Taranto
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernandez Murga
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lorca
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: de Valdez
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D003470:Culture Media; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006017:Glycolipids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D002784:Cholesterol