title: Typing of drug resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from India using the IS6110 element reveals substantive polymorphism.
abstract: We investigated IS6110 polymorphism in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients attending the outpatient department at various hospitals in northern India. DNA fingerprinting of 126 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) associated with the IS6110 element in M. tuberculosis genomes. A substantive degree of polymorphism was evident in the MDR M. tuberculosis isolates. The number of bands in the fingerprints varied from 0 to 19. However, the lack of common bands made it difficult to cluster the majority of these isolates. We were also unable to associate drug resistance with IS6110 copy number. Specific regions of the gyrA and katG genes from a representative number of these isolates were sequenced to determine the genotype. The majority of the isolates analyzed were found to belong to Group 1, indicating that these strains were evolutionarily older. We find no evidence of the W strain, prevalent in the US, in our study. The epidemiological patterns of the various strains in India seem to be very complex, as reflected by the presence of a large number of different strains (types) within north India.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shamim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanief
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hasnain
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements