title: Assessing residents' prescribing behavior in renal impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although fitting orders to renal function avoids overdosage and therefore iatrogenic risk, dosage adjustment is rarely made. The objective of this study was to assess residents' prescribing behavior in renal impairment, through a standardized simulated clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This criterion-referenced study was carried out in a French teaching hospital. The hospital had 118 residents; 71 of them were asked to complete a questionnaire including four vignettes, simulating drug prescription in four 'patients' with various degrees of renal impairment (16 orders). The patients had an order of gentamicin sulfate, diclofenac sodium, and amlodipine bensylate. For each drug, the resident could maintain the order, discontinue the order, or change the dosage. A fourth drug, enalapril maleate, was to be started, with three possible dosages and the possibility of not prescribing it. The reference chosen for assessment was the Vidal dictionary, which corresponds to the Physician's Desk Reference and is the French reference for prescription.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the residents approached for the survey accepted the offer to complete the questionnaire. Among the 16 simulated orders, the median number of appropriate orders per resident was nine. Considering the renal function of their patients, 62% of residents wrote an inappropriate order for gentamicin, 42% wrote an inappropriate order for didofenac, and 52% wrote an inappropriate order for enalapril. Although no adjustment to renal function was required, 28% of the residents decreased the dosage of amlodipine and ordered an underdose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the iatrogenic risk related to the lack of dosage adjustment, attention should be drawn to increasing residents' awareness of dosage adjustment in renal impairment and to providing them with better information on patients' renal function.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière et Faculté de médecine Pitié Salpêtrière (Paris VI), Paris, France. laurence.salomon@lmr.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deray
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Launay-Vacher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brücker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravaud
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005839:Gentamicins; D004008:Diclofenac; D017311:Amlodipine; D004656:Enalapril