title: Association of albuminuria with systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: the Strong Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to compare systolic and diastolic function in American Indians with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on albuminuria status.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Albuminuria has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) in populations with DM. However, the mechanism of the association of albuminuria and CVD is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared echo-derived indices of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in three groups of American Indians with DM based on albuminuria status: I = no albuminuria (<30 mg albumin/g creatinine); II = microalbuminuria (30 to 300 mg/g); and III = macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group II and III were slightly older than Group I with no significant gender difference between groups. Systolic blood pressure increased and body mass index decreased from Group I to Group III. Left ventricular systolic function was lower in the groups with albuminuria with step-wise decreases in ejection fraction and stress-corrected midwall shortening (MWS) from Group I to Group III. Similar findings were noted in diastolic LV filling with lower mitral E/A ratios and longer deceleration times in groups with albuminuria. The proportion of participants with abnormal MWS and abnormal LV diastolic relaxation showed step-wise increases from no albuminuria to macroalbuminuria. In multivariate analysis, albuminuria status remained independently associated with both systolic and diastolic dysfunction after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes, coronary artery disease, and LV mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albuminuria is independently associated with LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in type 2 DM; this may explain in part the relationship of albuminuria to increased cardiovascular (CV) events in the DM population. Screening for albuminuria identifies individuals with high CV risk and possible cardiac dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Box 222, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA. jeliu@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fabsitz
authors.forename: Barbara V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: Elisa T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*