title: IL-1Rrp2 expression and IL-1F9 (IL-1H1) actions in brain cells.
abstract: The recently discovered IL-1F9 (IL-1H1) is a putative member of the interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines that has been shown to activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) in Jurkat cells transfected with the orphan receptor IL-1 receptor-related protein (IL-1Rrp)2. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate expression of IL-1Rrp2 and to determine if IL-1F9 induces known IL-1 signaling pathways in the different cell types of the mouse brain in culture. Messenger RNA for IL-1Rrp2 was not detected in primary neurones by RT-PCR, but significant constitutive expression was found in mixed glial cells, particularly in astrocytes and microglia, which was strongly decreased by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced the release of IL-6, and activated NFkappaB and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in microglial cultures. IL-1beta induced release of IL-6 and activated NFkappaB, p38, JNK and ERK1/2 in mixed glial cultures, which was completely abolished in the presence of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). When injected intracerebroventrically in the rat, IL-1beta increased core body temperature, and reduced body weight and food intake. In contrast, IL-1F9 failed to induce any of these responses either in vivo or in vitro. These results demonstrate that glial cells may be a target for the new ligand IL-1F9, since high expression of IL-1Rrp2 mRNA was detected in these cells. However, IL-1F9 failed to induce any of the classical IL-1beta responses, suggesting that it may trigger alternative pathway(s).
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 1.124 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berglöf
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.forename: Blair R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Catherine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinteaux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005333:Fetus; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000235:genetics*; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C421843:IL-1H receptor; C508573:Il18r1 protein, mouse; C490860:Il1rl2 protein, rat; C507764:Il1rn protein, mouse; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053727:Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins