title: Measures of health-related quality of life for adults with acute sinusitis. A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptoms suggestive of acute sinusitis are a common reason for patients to visit primary care providers. Since objective measures of outcome have not been shown to be related to patient reported outcomes, measures of treatment success have focused on symptom relief and improved health-related quality of life (HRQL). Assessing the appropriate role of treatment - for example, antibiotics for patients with acute sinusitis - requires valid, reliable, and responsive measures of outcome. We identified symptom scores and HRQL instruments for adults with sinusitis and assessed their performance characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles identified through computer searches of the medline, premedline, and embase databases, the Cochrane Library, and internet documents; inquiries to experts in sinusitis and outcomes assessment; and review of reference lists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies that used HRQL instruments or evaluated the performance characteristics of symptom scores in adults with sinusitis, published in English after 1966.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, setting, and patient characteristics; instrument length and format; and instrument validity, reliability, responsiveness to change, and interpretability. Study quality was assessed using a 10-point score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,340 articles in the original search, 29 articles using 16 HRQL instruments and 5 symptoms scores met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall quality of these studies was low; only 4 studies scored higher than 4 of 10 points. Four studies included patients with acute sinusitis, but only 2 included exclusively acute sinusitis patients. Three instruments have been shown to meet basic requirements for validity, reliability, and responsiveness: the Chronic Sinusitis Survey, the Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure-31, and the Sinonasal Outcome Test-16. No instrument has been validated in a primary care setting or for patients with acute sinusitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few validated measures of sinusitis-specific HRQL are available. The 3 instruments shown to be valid, reliable, and responsive have been assessed in patients with chronic sinusitis. No measure has been validated in primary care settings or for patients with acute sinusitis. A lack of valid, responsive outcome measures may limit current treatment recommendations for patients with acute sinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and the General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass, USA. jlinder@partners.org
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ancker
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Atlas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy