title: Gene expression profiling and functional activity of human dendritic cells induced with IFN-alpha-2b: implications for cancer immunotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we have compared patterns of gene expression and functional activity of human dendritic cells (DCs) cultured under defined conditions in IFN-alpha-2b and recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (DCA) with cells grown in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4 (DC4) as an initial step in evaluating the clinical utility of DCA in cancer immunotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of mRNA transcript profiles between DCA and DC4 revealed different expression patterns for cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, costimulatory molecules, and adhesion proteins. Many genes involved in antigen (Ag) processing were equally expressed in both populations; however, expression of transcripts involved in Ag presentation was increased in DCA. DCA also showed up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 and 3, as well as several tumor necrosis factor family ligands. Consistent with expression profiling, functional assays demonstrated that DCAs were more potent stimulators of naive T-cell responses than DC4 in an interleukin 15 and interleukin 1beta-dependent manner. DCA-mediated tumor cell-directed cytotoxicity induced apoptosis in different human tumor cell lines and internalized apoptotic bodies to a greater extent than DC4. Lastly, in vitro priming experiments, using apoptotic cells or peptide as sources of Ag, showed that DCA drove the expansion of tumor peptide Ag-specific autologous CD8+ T cells to a greater extent than DC4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique phenotype conferred by culturing DCs in IFN-alpha-2b may be useful in adoptive transfer regimens where the destruction of tumor cells in situ, initiation of T-cell responses toward tumor tissue with unknown Ags, and/or enhancement of pre-existing Ag-specific memory responses are desired outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moschella
authors.forename: Brygida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bisikirska
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maffei
authors.forename: Kyriakos P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skerrett
authors.forename: Zhuoru
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hesdorffer
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor