title: Multiphoton endoscopy.
abstract: Despite widespread use of multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, development of endoscopes for nonlinear optical imaging has been stymied by the degradation of ultrashort excitation pulses that occurs within optical fiber as a result of the combined effects of group-velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation. We introduce microendoscopes (350-1000 microm in diameter) based on gradient-index microlenses that effectively eliminate self-phase modulation within the endoscope. Laser-scanning multiphoton fluorescence endoscopy exhibits micrometer-scale resolution. We used multiphoton endoscopes to image fluorescently labeled neurons and dendrites.
authors.affiliation: Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA.
authors.forename: Juergen C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009474:Neurons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017785:Photons; D020308:Songbirds