title: The cost of operating institutional review boards (IRBs).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent reports have claimed that institutional review boards (IRBs) are underfunded, yet little is known about the costs of operating IRBs. This study estimated the costs for operating high-volume and low-volume IRBs.
  
  
  METHODS
  IRB costs were calculated from published summary data. Costs were standardized to reflect 2001 dollars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total estimated costs for operating high-volume and low-volume IRBs were $770,674 and $76,626, respectively. The average cost per action, a measure of economic efficiency, was lower for high-volume IRBs ($277 per action) than it was for low-volume IRBs ($799 per action).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although high-volume IRBs are more expensive than are low-volume IRBs in absolute terms, they are more economically efficient. Policy debates should consider the potential savings from large IRBs, perhaps by encouraging small IRBs to merge, although this may result in less local review, control, and oversight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, HSR&D Health Economics Resource Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking / Q000379:methods; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000191:economics; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research / Q000191:economics*; D005381:Financing, Organized / Q000191:economics; D006272:Health Facility Environment / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States; D016526:Workload / Q000191:economics