title: Back to work: predictors of return to work among patients with back disorders certified as sick: a two-year follow-up study.
abstract: METHODS
  A 2-year follow-up study of patients with back disorders certified as sick.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of return to work.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Back disorders are common health problems and the most important disorders associated with absence from work in the welfare states. Predictors of future absence may be of help in allocating rehabilitation efforts to such patients. Possible predictors include demographic and medical factors, the patients' functional status, and former absence.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 190 patients certified as sick who attended a back disorder outpatient clinic from September 1997 to December 1998 answered a questionnaire. Demographic data, medical factors, self-assessed function, and absence data were recorded. Return to work, defined as returning to work for at least 60 consecutive calendar days, was used in Cox regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to multiple Cox regression analyses, age of 40 to 49 years (HR, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.29-0.94), high pain intensity (HR, 0.30; 95%CI, 0.17-0.55), low self-assessed work ability (HR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.25-0.73), and a self-predicted absence status of not returning to work (HR, 0.31; 95%CI, 0.17-0.54) predicted longer time until return to work. Back disorders with radiation predicted shorter time until return to work (HR, 2.08; 95%CI, 1.37-3.16). The COOP/WONCA chart's physical fitness, daily activities, overall health, and change in health were associated with time until return to work in univariate analyses only, as was the duration of the sickness certification episodes from start to inclusion and the degree of sickness certification at inclusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information about the age of the patients, diagnoses, pain intensity, self-assessed work ability, and self-predicted absence status may be used as predictors of time until return to work in patients with back disorders certified as sick who attend a back disorder outpatient clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Community Medicine, the Section for Occupational Health and Social Insurance Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway. harald.reiso@ samfunnsmed.uio.no
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reiso
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nygård
authors.forename: Gudrun S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holanger
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soldal
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruusgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013995:Time; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation