title: In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
abstract: By using an agar dilution method, the in vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, and five other agents were determined against 300 gram-positive and 54 gram-negative strains of intestinal anaerobes. Ramoplanin was active at <or=2 microg/ml against 287 of 300 (95.7%) gram-positive organisms, including 18 strains of Clostridium difficile for which MICs of ramoplanin were 0.25 to 0.5 microg/ml; for 3 of these, linezolid MICs were 8 to 16 micro g/ml. Nineteen Clostridium innocuum strains for which the vancomycin MIC at which 90% of strains were inhibited was 16 microg/ml were susceptible to ramoplanin at 0.06 to 0.25 microg/ml and to teicoplanin at 0.125 to 1.0 microg/ml. All strains of Eubacterium, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, and Peptostreptococcus spp. were inhibited by <or=0.25 microg of ramoplanin per ml and <or=1 microg of vancomycin per ml. Ramoplanin was also active at <or=4 microg/ml against 15 of 22 of the Prevotella and Porphyromonas strains tested, but ramoplanin MICs for all 31 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, the Fusobacterium mortiferum-Fusobacterium varium group, and Veillonella spp. were >or=256 microg/ml. Ramoplanin displays excellent activity against C. difficile and other gram-positive enteric anaerobes, including vancomycin-resistant strains; however, it has poor activity against most gram-negative anaerobes and thus potentially has a lesser effect on the ecological balance of normal fecal flora.
authors.affiliation: R M Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA. d.m.citron@verizon.net
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Citron
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Merriam
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: E J C
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001414:Bacitracin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects; D047630:Depsipeptides; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D000069349:Linezolid; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D011424:Propionibacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047630:Depsipeptides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C041438:ramoplanin; D001414:Bacitracin; D017334:Teicoplanin; D014640:Vancomycin; D000069349:Linezolid