title: Postoperative morphine consumption in the elderly patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that the dose of intravenous morphine used during postoperative titration is not modified by aging. The authors therefore studied morphine requirements in patients undergoing total hip replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravenous morphine titration was administered as boluses, then subcutaneous morphine was administered every 4 h over 24 h. Pain was assessed by use of the visual analog scale (0 to 100), and the threshold required to administer morphine was 30. Young and elderly (> or =70 yr old) patients were compared. Data are mean +/- SD or odds ratio (OR) [95% CI].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred twenty-four patients (68%) were young and 105 (32%) were elderly. The initial visual analog scale was not significantly different between groups. The dose of intravenous morphine in the postanesthesia care unit was not significantly different between young and elderly patients (0.15 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.10 mg/kg, P = NS), in contrast to the dose of subcutaneous morphine (0.18 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.11 mg/kg, P < 0.001) in the ward. Only severe pain (visual analog scale of 70 or greater; OR, 10.5 [4.5-24.8]) was significantly associated with a high dose (greater than 0.15 mg/kg) of intravenous morphine, whereas severe pain (OR, 2.5 [1.6-4.0]), age less than 60 yr (OR, 2.3 [1.4-3.8]), and absence of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (OR, 1.9 [1.2-3.1]) were significantly associated with a high dose (greater than 0.12 mg/kg) of subcutaneous morphine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose of intravenous morphine during titration is not modified in elderly patients, in contrast to the dose administered subcutaneously over a prolonged period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Group hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. frederic.aubrun@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aubrun
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bunge
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langeron
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saillant
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coriat
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine