title: Biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of surface-modified NiTi alloys.
abstract: Nickel titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys have been investigated for several years with regard to biomedical applications. However, little is known about the influences of surface modifications on the biocompatibility of these alloys. The effects of a range of surface treatments were investigated. Cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility studies with both fibroblast and endothelial cells showed no differences in the biocompatibility of any of the NiTi surfaces. The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of all surfaces were favorable compared to the controls. The hemolysis caused by a range of NiTi surfaces was no different from that caused by polished 316L stainless steel or polished titanium surfaces. The spreading of platelets has been linked to the thrombogenicity of materials. Platelet studies here showed a significant increase in thrombogenicity on polished NiTi surfaces compared to 316L stainless steel and pure titanium surfaces. Heat treatment of NiTi was found to significantly reduce thrombogenicity, to the level of the control. The XPS results showed a significant decrease in the concentration of surface nickel with heat treatment and changes in the surface nickel itself from a metallic to an oxide state. This correlates with the observed reduction in thrombogenicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. david.armitage@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Armitage
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000633:toxicity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium