title: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: molecular characterization by a proteomic approach, with morphogenic and therapeutic implications.
abstract: This study characterizes 3 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) utilizing a proteomic approach that allows for the detection, visual quantification, cellular compartmentalization, and assessment of the functional state of certain proteins that may promote tumor growth and/or oppose apoptosis. Immunohistochemical procedures were performed to detect the following protein antigens: CD99, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, conventional (c) protein kinase C (cPKC)-alpha, cPKC-betaII, phosphorylated (p)-PKC-alpha/betaII, c-kit (CD117), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-alpha, PDGFR-beta, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2/neu, cathepsin D, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, p21ras, the alpha subunit of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl transferase (FTalpha/GGTalpha), phospho (p)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cyclin D1, c-Jun, Ki-67, bcl-2, TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide (LAP), TGF-betaRII, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Immunoreactivities were scored from 0 to 3+ positivity using bright-field microscopy. The results showed that malignant mesenchymal chondroblasts exhibit stronger expressions of CD99, IL-1alpha, cPKC-alpha, p-PKC-alpha/betaII, PDGFR-alpha, p-JNK, Ki-67, and bcl-2 antigens than their more mature-appearing chondrocytic counterparts in MC. In conclusion, molecular profiling of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma using a proteomic approach characterized the mesenchymal chondroblasts as possessing pathways that incorporate PKC-alpha and PDGFR-alpha signaling and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression. Specific therapies to target the mesenchymal chondroblasts in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma might include interferon-alpha, rapamycin, ciprofloxacin, and STI571.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822-0131, USA. rebrown@geisinger.edu
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boyle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018211:Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins