title: Smad3 regulates senescence and malignant conversion in a mouse multistage skin carcinogenesis model.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a growth-inhibitory cytokine for epithelial cells. In the mouse multistage skin carcinogenesis model, defects in TGF-beta 1 signaling reduce senescence in vitro and accelerate malignant progression in vivo. However, the precise postreceptor signaling pathways and specific roles played by Smad proteins in this process have not been defined. Here we show that senescence of v-ras(Ha)-transduced Smad3 null keratinocytes is delayed, whereas overexpression of Smad3, but not Smad2 or Smad4, induced senescence. The TGF-beta 1 target genes c-myc and p15(ink4b) were deregulated in the absence of Smad3. When transplanted to a graft site on nude mice, the v-ras(Ha)-transduced Smad3 null keratinocytes underwent rapid conversion from benign papilloma to malignant carcinoma, whereas wild-type keratinocytes predominantly formed papillomas. These results link Smad3-mediated regulation of growth control genes to senescence in vitro and tumor suppression in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Kinnimulki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vijayachandra
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010212:Papilloma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497791:Smad3 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta