title: Lifestyle and behavioural interventions for men on watchful waiting with uncomplicated lower urinary tract symptoms: a national multidisciplinary survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the use of lifestyle and behavioural interventions in the UK for symptom control in men with uncomplicated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on watchful waiting (WW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured interviews with urologists, nurse practitioners and continence advisors were used to obtain a list of lifestyle and behavioural interventions used in men with LUTS. From the 18 interventions identified, a survey was constructed asking how often these interventions were used in routine practice. The survey was sent to 100 consultant urologists (British Association of Urological Surgeons), 100 nurse practitioners (British Association of Urological Nurses), and 100 continence advisors (International Continence Society) with an interest in male urology, all randomly selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 248 (83%) responses, 236 were suitable for analysis; 193 (82%) of the respondents reported using lifestyle or behavioural interventions in men on WW with uncomplicated LUTS. The most frequently used interventions were education about the prostate and bladder, avoiding caffeine, urethral milking and reassuring men that they do not have prostate cancer. The use of lifestyle and behavioural interventions showed an 'all-or-none' pattern. Respondents used either few or many of the 18 interventions identified. There was considerable variation in the extent to which these interventions were used among the survey groups (P < 0.01); urologists used these interventions the least and continence advisors the most.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lifestyle and behavioural interventions are advised by many medical professionals to men on WW with uncomplicated LUTS. However, the use varies considerably, with some medical professionals advising many of these interventions and some a few or none at all. Further research is required to define and test the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing LUTS.
authors.affiliation: The Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK. cbrown@rcseng.ac.uk
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Der Meulen
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emberton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000628:therapy*