title: National and state trends in quality of care for acute myocardial infarction between 1994-1995 and 1998-1999: the medicare health care quality improvement program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  National efforts have focused attention on quality of care, but relatively little is known about whether, and to what extent, improvement has occurred during this recent period. Furthermore, the variability of the recent change over time is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sought to determine national and state trends in quality of care for Medicare patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 1994-1995 (n = 234754 discharges) and 1998-1999 (n = 35713 discharges) as part of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) National AMI Project. We assessed change in evidence-based, guideline-recommended processes of care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nationally, among patients without contraindications to therapy, discharge beta-blocker prescription increased by 20.5 percentage points (50.3% to 70.7%); early administration of beta-blocker increased by 17.4 percentage points (51.1% to 68.4%); discharge angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prescription for systolic dysfunction increased by 8.0 percentage points (62.8% to 70.8%); early administration of aspirin increased by 6.6 percentage points (76.4% to 82.9%); and aspirin prescribed at discharge increased by 5.6 percentage points (77.3% to 82.9%) (P<.001 for all categories). Smoking cessation counseling decreased by 3.6 percentage points (40.8% to 37.2%; P<.001). Rates of acute reperfusion therapy did not significantly change (59.2% to 60.6%; P =.35). The median time from hospital arrival to initiation of thrombolytic therapy decreased by 7 minutes (P<.001); and the median time from hospital arrival to initiation of primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty decreased by 12 minutes (P =.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During this 4-year period, quality of care for AMI improved, but substantial variation was observed at both time points. While meaningful population-based improvement has been achieved, ample opportunities for improvement exist. Further work is required to elucidate the strategies associated with improvements in quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Burwen
authors.forename: Deron H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Galusha
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Marjorie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bedinger
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: JoAnne Micale
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foody
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000639:trends; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000639:trends*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin