title: Possible chemoresistance-related genes for gastric cancer detected by cDNA microarray.
abstract: To identify chemoresistance-related genes of gastric cancer, we utilized cDNA microarray technology. Thirty-five gastric cancer specimens surgically resected at our institute between 1998 and 1999 were studied for quantification of expression of 6300 genes by means of oligonucleotide microarray methods, and the results were evaluated in comparison with the chemoresistance of the specimens, which was determined by MTT (tetrazolium-based 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Inhibition rates (IR) were determined for cisplatin (DDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin C or doxorubicin. IR of 60% or more was regarded as sensitive to each agent, and IR of less than 40% was defined as resistant. Clustering was successfully completed for DDP, resulting in selection of 23 candidates as DDP-resistance-related genes, including vascular permeability factor, 2 membrane transporting subunits, and retinoblastoma-binding protein-1. In addition, further selection of DDP-resistance-related genes was performed according to these criteria: 1) Expression of the gene can be detected in more than 70% of resistant tumors. 2) Expression can be detected in less than 30% of sensitive tumors. 3) Expression in tumors is more than twice that of normal mucosa in more than 50% of specimens. Then, metallothionein-IG and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) were identified as candidate DDP-resistance-related genes. When known DDP-resistance-related genes were analyzed according to the MTT assay result, families of glutathione-S-transferase and cyclooxygenase-2 genes were also evaluated as resistance-related genes. For 5-FU resistance, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and HB-EGF-like growth factor genes were also suggested to be resistance-related genes. The present study demonstrated that oligonucleotide microarrays can provide information regarding chemoresistance factors in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. tkubota@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suganuma
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Sadanori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumai
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hisafumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okabe
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005562:Formazans; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005562:Formazans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C079782:MTT formazan; D016685:Mitomycin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil