title: Prevention of immunosuppression by sunscreens in humans is unrelated to protection from erythema and dependent on protection from ultraviolet a in the face of constant ultraviolet B protection.
abstract: Sunscreens have been advocated as an important means of preventing skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation induced immunosuppression is recognized as an important event in skin cancer development, yet the effectiveness of sunscreens in protecting the human immune system from ultraviolet radiation (i.e. ultraviolet radiation) is still unclear. The only currently accepted method of sunscreen rating is the sun protection factor system based on the prevention of erythema. We determined immune protection factors for six commercially available sunscreens using a nickel contact hypersensitivity model in humans. Both sun protection factor and immune protection factor testing was performed using the same solar simulated ultraviolet radiation source and dose-responses were used to determine endpoints both with and without sunscreens. We found that the immune protection factor did not correlate with the sun protection factor; however, immune protection factor was significantly correlated to the ultraviolet A protective capability of the sunscreens, indicating that sunscreen protection from ultraviolet A is important for the prevention of ultraviolet immunosuppression, when there is constant ultraviolet B protection. We recommend that sunscreens should be rated against their immune protective capability to provide a better indication of their ability to protect against skin cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Melanoma and Skin Cancer Research Institute, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital at the University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Terence S C
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: Ross StC
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Barnetson
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Halliday
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000276:immunology; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004890:Erythema / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013471:Sunburn / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D009532:Nickel