title: Associations of dietary fiber with glucose metabolism in nondiabetic relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes: the Botnia Dietary Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study cross-sectional associations of dietary fiber intake with insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects consisted of 248 male and 304 female adult nondiabetic relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Dietary intake was measured by means of two 3-day food records. Associations of total, water-insoluble, and water-soluble fiber with measures of glucose metabolism based on an oral glucose tolerance test, were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for sex, age, length of education, physical activity, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, the incremental 30-min serum insulin concentration divided by the incremental 30-min glucose concentration, and fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations were the outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dietary intake of total as well as water-insoluble and water-soluble fiber was inversely associated with insulin resistance: -0.17 (0.07), P = 0.012; -0.15 (0.07), P = 0.024; and -0.14 (0.07), P = 0.049 [regression coefficients (SE)]. Fiber variables were unrelated to insulin secretion and plasma glucose concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support evidence that a high intake of dietary fiber is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and therefore may have a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. katriina.ylonen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Katriina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ylönen
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saloranta
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kronberg-Kippilä
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: Suvi M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015930:Diet Records; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D002149:Energy Intake; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014280:Triglycerides; D005947:Glucose