title: Sera from liver failure patients and a demethylating agent stimulate transdifferentiation of murine bone marrow cells into hepatocytes in coculture with nonparenchymal liver cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The plasticity of bone marrow cells (BMCs) is shown by their ability to differentiate into mesenchymal as well as endodermal and ectodermal lineages. Transdifferentiation of BMCs into hepatocytes has also been demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study we investigated the effects of liver nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) and sera from liver failure patients (HSLF) on the in vitro transdifferentiation of murine BMCs into hepatocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver NPCs from wild-type mice, and 5-azacytidine-treated BMCs from green fluorescence protein transgenic mice, were cocultured in medium containing HSLF in combination with several cytokines. Hepatocyte-specific gene expression in BMCs was identified by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone marrow cell-derived hepatocyte-like colonies appeared after several days of coculture in medium containing HSLF, oncostatin M (OSM) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). These colonies expressed hepatocyte-specific genes. Transdifferentiation was enhanced by 5-azacytidine treatment, and by HSLF, OSM and HGF. It did not take place when the BMCs were separated from the NPCs in a dual chamber dish, or cultured with other mesenchymal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct interaction of murine BMCs with liver NPCs, as well as soluble factors in the HSLF and a demethylating agent, strongly stimulate transdifferentiation into hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: Tadatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001798:Blood Proteins; D001374:Azacitidine