title: Experimental study of the efficiency of lithotripsy with duplicate pulses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Theoretical study had shown that compared with a single pulse, a duplicate pulse could improve the efficiency of lithotripsy. We conducted a series of studies to validate this idea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental study in vitro and in vivo used a lithotripsy machine with duplicate, single, and electromagnetic pulses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of a duplicate pulse improved the wastage of the model stones about 44.15% and the efficiency of lithotripsy about 44.76%. In pigs, the efficiency of lithotripsy was greater with a duplicate pulse than with single and electromagnetic pulses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with single and electromagnetic pulses, duplicate pulses could improve the efficiency of lithotripsy by more than 40%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, ZhanJiang Center Hospital of Guang Dong Medical College, Guang Dong, China. hanjianzhi@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Jian-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shao-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chan-Ging
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhong-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying-Lu
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D013552:Swine; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*