title: Pro-oxidative properties of flavonoids in human lymphocytes.
abstract: The pro-oxidative properties of the four flavonoids, quercetin, morin, naringenin and hesperetin, in human lymphocyte system were investigated. Naringenin and hesperetin accelerated the oxidation of deoxyribose induced by Fe(3+)/H(2)O(2) in a concentration range of 0-200 microM, but quercetin and morin decreased it when the concentration was greater than 100 microM. The generation of hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion and the production of TBARS in lymphocytes were increased with increasing concentration of a flavonoid. Cell membrane protein thiols of the lymphocytes decreased when treated with the four flavonoids. Quercetin and hesperetin had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the activity of glutathione reductase, but morin and naringenin could inhibit the activity of the enzyme at a concentration of 200 microM, when compared to the control group. The glutathione S-transferase activity was slightly decreased by treatment with each of the four flavonoids only at a concentration of 200 microM. Therefore, the DNA damage in lymphocytes induced by the flavonoids in the model system might have been due to their stimulation of oxidative stress in the lymphocytes, which resulted in the decrease of cell membrane protein thiols, increase of lipid peroxidation in cell membrane and in the influence of the antioxidative enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. gcyen@dragon.nchu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Gow-Chin
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Pin-Der
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Duh
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shih-Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D003855:Deoxyribose / Q000378:metabolism; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D047309:Flavones
chemical_list: D003855:Deoxyribose; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; D006569:Hesperidin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016877:Oxidants; D011794:Quercetin; D013481:Superoxides; C012526:quercitrin; C008548:morin; D047309:Flavones; C005273:naringenin; C013015:hesperetin