title: Dendritic cell subsets in blood and lymphoid tissue of rhesus monkeys and their mobilization with Flt3 ligand.
abstract: We provide phenotypic and functional evidence of premonocytoid dendritic cells (DCs) and preplasmacytoid DCs in blood and of corresponding DC subsets in secondary lymphoid tissue of rhesus monkeys. Subsets were identified and sorted by 4-color flow cytometry using antihuman monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with rhesus monkey. To mobilize pre-DC subsets, fms-like tyrosine 3 kinase ligand (Flt3L; 100 microg/kg subcutaneously) was administered for 10 days. Presumptive pre-DC subsets were identified within the lineage- (Lin-) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ fraction of blood mononuclear cells. Premonocytoid DCs were CD11c+CD123- (interleukin-3Ralpha- [IL-3Ralpha-]). Preplasmacytoid DCs were characterized as CD11c-CD123++ Flt3L increased the CD11c+ pre-DC (7-fold) and CD123++ pre-DC subsets (3-fold) in blood. The freshly isolated CD11c+ pre-DC subset induced modest proliferation of naive allogeneic T cells. After overnight culture with granulocyte macro-phage-colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and CD40L, both subsets up-regulated surface costimulatory molecules, and CD11c+ pre-DCs became potent allostimulators. Freshly isolated CD123++ pre-DCs showed typical plasmacytoid morphology and, when cultured with IL-3 and CD40L for 72 hours, developed mature DC morphology. Following stimulation with CD40L, CD11c+ pre-DCs secreted increased levels of IL-12p40. Importantly, herpes simplex virus-stimulated CD123++ pre-DCs, but not CD11c+ pre-DCs, secreted interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Corresponding DC subsets were identified by flow analysis and immunohistochemistry in lymph nodes wherein both populations were increased 2- to 3-fold by Flt3L administration. CD123+ pre-DCs produced IFN-alpha in response to in vivo viral infection. Thus, rhesus monkeys exhibit 2 distinct DC precursor populations that closely resemble those of humans. Both are mobilized into blood and lymphoid tissue by Flt3L, offering potential for their further characterization and possible therapeutic application.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: P Toby H
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barratt-Boyes
authors.forename: Linyou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Vera S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Donnenberg
authors.forename: Peta J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Logar
authors.forename: F Jason
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphey-Corb
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Donnenberg
authors.forename: Adrian E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Maliszewski
authors.forename: Angus W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D003116:Color; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053650:Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit; D007937:Leukapheresis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D039521:CD11c Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; C115022:IL3RA protein, human; D053650:Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3; C084881:flt3 ligand protein; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma