title: Rates of carriage of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in an outpatient population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of and the clinical features associated with asymptomatic Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a healthy outpatient population, and to compare the characteristics of colonizing methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains with those of strains causing infection in our community and hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient military clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were obtained from the nares, pharynx, and axillae of 404 outpatients, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic and risk factor information. MRSA strains were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility. Antibiograms of study MRSA strains were compared with those of MRSA strains causing clinical illness during the same time period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) colonization was present in 153 (38%) of the 404 asymptomatic outpatients, and MRSA colonization was present in 8 (2%). Detection of colonization was highest from the nares. No clinical risk factor was significantly associated with MRSA colonization; however, a tendency was noted for MRSA to be more common in men and in those who were older or who had been recently hospitalized. All colonizing MRSA strains had unique patterns on PFGE. In contrast to strains responsible for hospital infections, most colonizing isolates of MRSA were susceptible to oral antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRSA and MSSA colonization is common in our outpatient population. Colonization is best detected by nares cultures and most carriers of MRSA are without apparent predisposing risk factors for acquisition. Colonizing isolates of MRSA are heterogeneous and, unlike nosocomial isolates, often retain susceptibility to other non-beta-lactam antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Tripler Army Medical Center, Tripler, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kenner
authors.forename: Tasha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Piantanida
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fishbain
authors.forename: Bardwell
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eberly
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viscount
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uyehara
authors.forename: Duane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hospenthal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006772:Hospitals, Military; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*