Noma: a forgotten disease.
According to recent reports from the WHO, noma (or cancrum oris), a hideous, ancient disease primarily affecting children living in poverty in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, is increasing. Noma often starts as an ulcer on the oral mucosa or as ANG and commonly after a bout of measles or other disease. It quickly develops into a massive necrosis, moving from the inside outward, often involving major portions of the face. Early treatment with antibiotics, rehydration, correction of electrolytic imbalances, and administering nutritional supplements will halt the disease. The high mortality rate, however, indicates that many children are not given care or brought for care in time. Surviving victims often display severe facial deformities that demand extensive reconstructive surgery. Current research has elucidated parts of the pathogenesis of noma. The WHO started the international Action Network Against Noma in 1992, with its official launch on the World Health Day in 1994: a five-point action plan was presented and current work follows that plan.
Berthold
Peter
P
Department of Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. berthold@pobox.upenn.edu
D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D005892:Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009625:Noma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011203:Poverty; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D014944:World Health Organization