title: Sleep among habitually violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize the subjective and objective sleep and sleep quality in habitually violent offenders with DSM-IV diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder using a sleep questionnaire, actigraphy, polysomnography and power spectral analysis. Subjects for the study were 19 drug-free males (mean age +/- SEM 30.7 +/- 2.58 years) recruited from a forensic psychiatric examination in a special ward of a university psychiatric hospital. The most striking finding was the high amount of slow-wave sleep, particularly the deepest S4 stage (17% as compared with 6% in healthy controls), in males with antisocial personality disorder. Moreover, in the spectral power analysis, both the delta and the theta power were significantly elevated. Whether this increase in persons with antisocial personality disorder reflects a specific brain pathology, or a delay in the normal development of sleep patterns in the course of ageing needs to be clarified with further experiments.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Psychiatry, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, University of Helsinki, FL-00014 Helsinki, Finland. nina.lindberg@pp3.inet.fi
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Appelberg
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stenberg
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naukkarinen
authors.forename: Ranan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rimón
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Porkka-Heiskanen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virkkunen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence