title: The genotoxicity of tamoxifen: extent and consequences, Kona, Hawaii, January 23, 2003.
abstract: The current recommended adjuvant therapy for oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer typically includes 20 mg/day tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for 5 years post-operatively. This regimen has been found to reduce the incidence of contralateral breast cancer in breast cancer survivors by 47%, and, when used prophylactically, to reduce new breast cancers in high risk women by 49%. However, epidemiological evidence links tamoxifen therapy to increases in endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events in breast cancer patients. In addition, in tamoxifen-exposed rats dose-related increases in hepatic tamoxifen-DNA adduct formation and liver tumour incidence occur through a classic genotoxic mechanism. In women, endometrial cancers may be the result of genotoxicity, hormonally induced signal transduction and/or other mechanisms. If genotoxicity is relevant to tamoxifen-induced endometrial cancer it may be possible to identify women at risk through detection of tamoxifen-DNA adducts. The aim of this one day conference was to examine the most recent evidence for the occurrence of tamoxifen-induced genotoxicity in women receiving tamoxifen therapy. There were significant experimental differences, as some participants presented evidence for a genotoxic mechanism, while others reported finding insufficient evidence to support a genotoxic mechanism. The discussion was wide ranging and the outcome underscored the need for further investigations, access to more human tissue samples, shared tamoxifen-DNA standards for methodological comparisons and inter-laboratory exchange of human tissue samples.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive MSC-4255, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA. poirierm@exchange.nih.gov
authors.forename: Miriam C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schild
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000633:toxicity*; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D009153:Mutagens; D013629:Tamoxifen