title: Clinical presentation and treatment of Wilson's disease: a single-centre experience.
abstract: Thirty patients with Wilson's disease (WD) were observed at a movement disorder clinic between 1970 and 2000. Disease onset was at the mean age (SD) of 14.5 (+/-5.9) years. Presentation with hepatic disease occurred in 12 of 30 patients and with neurologic disease in 15. Three patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. The mean (SD) delay to diagnosis was 5.9 (+/-5.7) years. Five patients diagnosed in an advanced stage of disease died before initiating treatment. Eighteen patients were followed and treated with D-penicillamine alone or in combination with zinc sulphate. Treatment improved most of neurological symptoms. Dystonic postures, behavioural disturbances and dysarthria were the most resistant neurological signs. 'Pseudo-sclerotic' neurologic involvement predicted a good outcome, whereas hepatic onset and 'classic' neurologic involvement were associated with a poorer prognosis. Two of the 18 treated patients died of hepatic failure due to voluntary discontinuation of therapy. Both D-penicillamine and zinc sulphate were well tolerated. No teratogenic effect of D-penicillamine was observed throughout 5 pregnancies. Our results suggest that D-penicillamine or a combination of D-penicillamine and zinc sulphate is a safe and effective long-term treatment in patients with WD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. barone@unina.it
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pellecchia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Criscuolo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filla
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D004421:Dystonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D010398:Penicillic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C028100:penicillamide; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D010398:Penicillic Acid