Food biotechnology: is this good or bad? Implications to allergic diseases.
BACKGROUND
Food biotechnology represents advancement in the traditional interspecies and intergeneric breeding methods for improving food supplies worldwide. With respect to safety, foods developed through biotechnology techniques represent one of the most extensively reviewed agricultural advancements in history.


OBJECTIVE
To review the relevant issues with respect to foods from genetically modified crops and allergenicity.


METHODS
To impart this information, the author will rely upon his experiences with investigations into food allergy and food allergens, participation in various workshops designed to determine allergenicity of novel proteins introduced into the diet, web sites, issue papers, and articles relevant to the topic.


RESULTS
Given that there are no validated methods or models to determine potential allergenicity of novel proteins, criteria have been established based upon characteristics of known food allergens. The combination of genetic and bioinformatics information available from known food allergens applied to foods developed from genetically modified crops to avoid the inadvertent introduction of allergens into foods should pose no significant allergenic concern to individuals with a genetic predisposition to food allergy. Education and sound scientific evaluation provided to the consumer should alleviate any fear of emotionalism as implied by "Frankenfoods."


CONCLUSIONS
The estimation that more than two trillion transgenic plants have been grown in 1999 and 2000 alone, with no overt documented adverse food reactions being reported, indicates that genetic modification through biotechnology will not impose immediate significant risks as food allergen sources beyond that of our daily dietary intake of foods from crop plants.
Helm
Ricki M
RM
Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202-3591, USA. helmrick@uams.edu
D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000592:standards; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D005524:Food Technology / Q000592:standards; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States
D000485:Allergens