title: Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of hyperlactatemia in HIV-positive persons: implications for the management of treated patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors used for the treatment of HIV-positive persons are now clearly associated with metabolic disorders. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for hyperlactatemia in HIV-positive persons to assess the relevance of lactate venous blood concentrations during antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of venous lactate determinations with 282 consecutive HIV-positive persons who, in addition to a physical examination, had blood samples taken every 3-4 months for routine biochemical, immunologic, and viral assessment. The frequencies of hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis were determined, and the risk factors were analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression model. The effect of modification of antiretroviral therapy in patients with moderate hyperlactatemia was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 782 blood lactate determinations, we identified 65 (23%) patients with moderate hyperlactatemia and 5 (1.8%) with lactate concentrations >5 mmol/L (2 with severe lactic acidosis; 0.7%). Older age, drug regimens containing stavudine [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5] or a combination of stavudine-didanosine (adjusted OR = 3.1), and the use of buprenorphine (adjusted OR = 14.7) were independent predictors of hyperlactatemia. Among 65 patients with moderate hyperlactatemia, 39 did not have their treatments changed, and 26 had a new combination therapy that was associated with a clinical improvement and a more pronounced decrease in lactate (-1.66 vs -0.99 mmol/L; P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic compensated and moderate hyperlactatemia was common in our population study. Measurement of lactate, under standardized conditions, may be useful in optimizing management of HIV-positive persons on antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP. 38, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Geoffroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marceau
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sapin
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacomet
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ughetto
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cormerais
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Regagnon
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dastugue
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peigue-Lafeuille
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beytout
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laurichesse
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019344:Lactic Acid