title: Mechanisms and management of gingival overgrowth in paediatric transplant recipients: a review.
abstract: Increasing numbers of children are receiving solid organ transplants namely kidney, liver, heart and lung. Patient survival rates following such transplants are essentially good with much of the success attributable to the development of Cyclosporine A (CyA), an immunosuppressive drug, that minimizes organ rejection. However the gingival overgrowth (GO) associated with the use of CyA is not only disfiguring but in paediatric recipients, may interfere with normal oral development and function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge concerning the aetiology, pathogenesis and management of gingival overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature pertaining to gingival overgrowth is reviewed with particular reference to the paediatric population. Emphasis is placed on summarizing the evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CyA undoubtedly causes gingival overgrowth, the effects and levels of which appears to be more severe in younger patients. There is conflicting evidence as to the effectiveness of oral hygiene regimes, antibiotics and surgery in reducing overgrowth. The introduction of an alternative immunosuppressive agent (Tacrolimus) offers potential as it does not appear to cause overgrowth, although research to date is limited by the small sample size of many of the studies. This is an area in which multicentre studies would be of great value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chabria
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents