title: Neurogenic pulmonary edema in enterovirus 71 encephalitis is not uniformly fatal but causes severe morbidity in survivors.
abstract: During the Australian summer of 2000/2001, there was an outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection in Sydney. Between December 2000 and May 2001, approximately 200 children presented to Sydney Children's Hospital with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and 18 experienced neurologic complications. Four presented with acute invasive central nervous system disease and severe pulmonary edema. We describe the cardiorespiratory disturbances and intensive care management of these four consecutive children successfully treated for neurogenic pulmonary edema attributed to proven enterovirus 71 infection. All four survived the acute stage of the illness. However, all four have been left with significant debilitating morbidity. Epidemic enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis presenting as neurogenic pulmonary edema can be successfully managed in the pediatric intensive care unit but has great potential to yield a large number of handicapped toddlers and become "the poliomyelitis of the 21st century."
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010080:Oxazoles; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D010080:Oxazoles; C115201:pleconaril