title: Nitric oxide during perfusion improves posttransplantation function of non- heart-beating donor lungs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We attempted to determine in a pig model whether 20 ppm of nitric oxide (NO) during perfusion ameliorates warm ischemic lung injury in the non-heart-beating donor (NHBD), thereby improving function with longer warm ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lungs were retrieved from three groups (n=6): 1 hr (NHBD(1)) and 2 hr with and without NO (NHBD(2)NO, NHBD(2)) after hypoxic death. For assessment and preservation, left lungs were ventilated with 100% oxygen (NHBD(2)NO with added NO) and perfused for 20 min with neutrophil-depleted, deoxygenated blood in Perfadex solution. Pulmonary vascular and airway pressures and blood flow were measured with pulmonary venous blood gases. Perfusion temperature was reduced to 18 degrees C prior to storage at 4 degrees C before transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NO during perfusion significantly improved posttransplantation pulmonary venous oxygenation (NHBD(1) [mean +/- SD] 51+/-14 kPa, NHBD(2) 54+/-16 kPa, and NHBD(2)NO 61+/-6 kPa; P=0.01) and airway pressures (NHBD(1) 30.8+/-3.5, NHBD(2) 32.5+/-5.6, NHDB(2)NO 29.4+/-5.3; P=0.0001). NO significantly improved pulmonary vascular resistance (excluding the initial cold-induced vasoconstricted reperfusion period): NHBD(1) 19+/-9 Wood units, NHBD(2) 28+/-25 Wood units, NHDB(2)NO 16+/-10 Wood units, P=0.029. Neutrophil uptake was significantly lowered by NO: NHBD(1) 0.6+/-1.4*10(9) minute-1, NHBD(2) 1.2+/-1.0*10(9) minute-1, NHBD(2)NO 0.4+/-0.9*10(9) minute-1 (P=0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique satisfactorily assesses and preserves the non-heart-beating lung. NO during preservation reverses the slight deterioration seen when increasing warm ischemia from 1 to 2 hr, significantly improving transplant oxygenation, vascular resistance, and airway pressures. This may be a result of the observed significant reduction in neutrophil sequestration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK. j.d.aitchison@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J Douglas
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Aitchison
authors.forename: Hannah E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Flecknell
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006323:Heart Arrest; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide