title: Breast augmentation with bilateral deepithelialized TRAM flaps: an alternative approach to breast augmentation with autologous tissue.
abstract: Since the 1980s, many patients have benefited from the use of the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap for postmastectomy reconstruction. In addition to cancer reconstruction, this technique has recently been used to treat patients with breast implant intolerance and for reconstruction after siliconoma resection. However, physicians and patients alike believe that such an extensive procedure should not be used for aesthetic purposes, and to the authors' knowledge, no study has been reported on the use of pedicled TRAM flaps for aesthetic augmentation mammaplasty. In the past several years, a number of the authors' patients have requested simultaneous breast augmentation and abdominoplasty. These patients objected to the use of prosthetic implants because of potential complications such as implant failure, capsular contracture, wrinkling, and palpability. Therefore, from 1995 to 2000, the authors performed 14 cases of bilateral breast augmentation with deepithelialized, pedicled TRAM flaps. In this series, the donor-site complication rate was similar to that of the traditional TRAM flap. Surprisingly, no cases of complete or partial flap loss were clinically detected. The only complaints were pedicle bulges at the costal margins. These patients were all extremely satisfied with the results. It was concluded that the TRAM flap is safe for augmentation in a subset of carefully selected women with hypoplastic or atrophic breasts. The authors discuss patient selection, technique, and their experience with this method of breast augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Surgery Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yung L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Centeno
authors.forename: Chau-Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Weng
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps