title: Age, menopause and hormone replacement therapy influences on cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of middle-aged Chilean women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors (RF) in middle-aged women, to correlate them with each other, and to describe the prevalence of such a RF and their changes with aging, menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in a cohort of Chilean workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1991-1992 cardiovascular RFs were assessed in 467 women between 40 and 59 who were not taking HRT at that time. Five years later these women were re-evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sedentarism (87.2%), dyslipidemias (71.5%), high blood pressure (13.5%), obesity (13.1%), smoking (12.4%) and diabetes (2.8%) were the more prevalent RF. These RF become more prevalent with age. In the second control, 5 years later, hypertension (20.9%), obesity (27.3%), smoking (20.8%) and diabetes (5.9%) were observed increased. Dyslipidemia did not changed, although triglyceride levels rose from 125.9+/-56.4 to 136.8+/-63.5 mg/dl (P<0.01). Sedentarism dropped to 58.8%. Menopause did not deteriorate any of these RF. The use of HRT increased during the 5-years follow-up from 3.8 to 35%, and related to its use a decrease in LDL-cholesterol and an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Middle-aged women included in this cohort have a high prevalence of RF; these deteriorate with age, but no with menopause. HRT improves the lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Menopause Clinic, Hospital Clinic Provincial, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. 23247ccb@comb.es
authors.forename: Camil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castelo-Branco
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blümel
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Roncagliolo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haya
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bolf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Binfa
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tacla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colodrón
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids