title: The relationship of unions to prevalence and claim filing for work-related upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unionization has been found to be related to higher filing of workers' compensation (WC) claims, but the extent of the relationship and the relationships to other variables have not been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone interviews were conducted with both a population-based and WC-based samples of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Workers at unionized facilities were 5.7 times (95% CI 2.5-13.1) more likely to file a claim for WC, despite a comparable rate of MSD cases. Higher filing was also associated with several measures of MSD severity (1.8-14.1 odds ratios), economic sector (OR = 10.1 for manufacturing), hourly (vs. salary) wages (OR = 2.6), and for having a personal physician (OR = 2.5). Unions appeared to have a protective effect on social effects of work-related MSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unions appear to improve filing of work-related MSD, particularly for less severe conditions. The higher filing does not appear to be a case of "moral hazard," but rather improved and earlier reporting, as is advocated by early intervention approaches to reducing MSD.
authors.affiliation: Ergonomic Technology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-6210, USA. tmorse@nso.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Punnett
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007750:Labor Unions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009790:Occupations; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*