title: Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis after extreme short-term exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maximal exercise may be a trigger for cardiovascular events. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis following maximal short-term exercises with different durations up to 90 s.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 healthy nonsmokers underwent three isokinetic maximal tests on an SRM cycle ergometry system with durations of 15, 45, and 90 s. Blood samples were taken after a 30-min rest, immediately before and after exercise, 15 min, and 1 h after completion of exercise. For the investigation of blood coagulation, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), intrinsic and extrinsic total (TTPin+ex), and endogenous thrombin potential (ETPin+ex) were measured. For testing fibrinolysis, determinations of plasmin-alpha(2)-antiplasmin complex (PAP), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1-antigen and D-dimer were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after the exercise tests, only F1+2 (15- and 90-s test) and TTPin (45 and 90 s) showed a moderate increase (p<0.05), while TAT and ETP was unchanged. In contrast, a clear increase in PAP and tPA-antigen already after 15 s maximal exercise in relation to the exercise duration time could be investigated. These effects were not totally reversed to baseline 15 min after exercise; D-dimer and PAI-1-antigen still remained unchanged after these types of exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maximal short-term exercise does not lead to a relevant activation of blood coagulation in healthy young subjects, it is only slightly altered within the normal range. In contrast, fibrinolysis is clearly activated, and the increase is directly dependent on exercise duration. Additionally, it could be shown for the first time that fibrinolysis is already activated after 15 s maximal exercise duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Wöllnitzerstr. 42, D-07749, Jena, Germany. t.hilberg@ghz.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hilberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prasa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stürzebecher
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gläser
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Holger H W
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Gabriel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D005080:Exercise Test; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013917:Thrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002395:Catecholamines; D013917:Thrombin