title: Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha and beta-defensin-2 stimulate dentin sialophosphoprotein gene expression in human pulp cells.
abstract: Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha and beta-defensin (BD)-2 have antimicrobial activity and chemotactic activity for immature dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and memory T cells. However, it remains unknown if the widespread effects of these peptides also include an influence on the differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Pulp cells have the capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts and to form dentin. The aim of this study was to determine if inflammatory leukocyte products influence the capacity of pulp cells to differentiate. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a tooth-specific protein being expressed mostly by odontoblast cells. In the present study, we investigated effects of MIP-3alpha and BD-2 on the DSPP and osteopontin (OPN) gene expression in cultures of human pulp-derived fibroblastic cells (HP cells). HP cells expressed mRNA for the CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 6 to which both MIP-3alpha and BD-2 can bind. Real-time PCR showed that MIP-3alpha and BD-2 significantly increased DSPP mRNA levels, although BD-2 increased DSPP mRNA levels less than MIP-3alpha. MIP-3alpha and BD-2 increased OPN mRNA levels very slightly. MIP-3alpha and BD-2 possessed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei, which are involved in caries, although the antibacterial activity of MIP-3alpha was lower than that of BD-2. These findings suggest the MIP-3alpha and BD-2 have the ability to stimulate odontoblast differentiation in addition to their more traditional role in inflammation and have potential in the removal of bacteria in infected soft dentin and pulp tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan. h0shib02@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mouri
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsuzawa
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ouhara
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: Denis F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kinane
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurihara
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000502:physiology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000378:metabolism; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D053495:Osteopontin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011485:Protein Binding; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D054399:Receptors, CCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000502:physiology*; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D053495:Osteopontin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054399:Receptors, CCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D023083:beta-Defensins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C108355:CCL20 protein, human; C106311:CCR6 protein, human; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; C506895:SPP1 protein, human