title: Prognostic factors affecting survival and disease-free survival in lymph node-negative breast carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify the patients who are at low or high-risk by defining the prognostic factors in node-negative breast carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 384 consecutive breast cancer patients with negative axillary lymph nodes who had been operated on between January 1994 and January 1997 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Several clinical and pathological characteristics of patients were categorized. Univariate analyses of survival and disease-free survival (DFS) were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Independent prognostic and predictive factors affecting survival and DFS were assessed by Cox proportional hazard method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5-year survival and DFS were 91.4 and 85.7%, respectively. Size, grade, age, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were the prognostic factors that independently affected survival and DFS. Tamoxifen improved survival and DFS. While age younger than 35 was an adverse factor for both survival and DFS, age older than 49 was a detrimental factor for DFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who have a tumor with size greater than 2 cm, with histologic grade 3, with LVI, and patients with age under 35 or older than 49 have poorer prognosis among node-negative breast carcinomas, and are candidates for adjuvant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuru
authors.forename: Mithat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camlibel
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gulcelik
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alagol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen