Glucose hypometabolism in medial frontal cortex of patients with apraxia of lid opening.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether regional cerebral functional abnormalities exist in patients with apraxia of lid opening (ALO).


METHODS
Cerebral glucose metabolism was examined by positron emission tomography (PET) in 11 patients (8 women and 3 men, age 48-69 years); 10 with ALO accompanied by blepharospasm and 1 patient with pure ALO. Eleven normal volunteers (6 women and 5 men, age 45-66 years) were examined as controls. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and PET were performed. The cerebral glucose metabolism was evaluated by the relative uptake of [fluorine-18]fluorodeoxyglucose by PET. The mean +/- two standard deviations of the normal controls was defined as the normal range for cerebral glucose metabolism.


RESULTS
MRI revealed no particular lesion except for an infarction in the unilateral basal ganglia in two patients. Decreased glucose metabolism was observed in a wide area of the medial frontal lobe (six cases) and primary visual cortex (PVC) (four cases). Group multiple comparisons revealed a significant decrease ( P<0.0035) in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, left supplementary motor area (SMA), and bilateral PVC.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support the hypothesis that ALO is associated with hypofunction in the SMA and/or anterior cingulate gyrus.
Suzuki
Yukihisa
Y
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-chome 5-45, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8519 , Tokyo, Japan.|Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
Kiyosawa
Motohiro
M
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-chome 5-45, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8519 , Tokyo, Japan. m.kiyosawa.oph@tmd.ac.jp.|Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan. m.kiyosawa.oph@tmd.ac.jp.
Ohno
Naonori
N
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-chome 5-45, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8519 , Tokyo, Japan.
Mochizuki
Manabu
M
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-chome 5-45, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8519 , Tokyo, Japan.
Inaba
Akira
A
Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Mizusawa
Hidehiro
H
Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Ishii
Kenji
K
Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
Senda
Michio
M
Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
D000368:Aged; D020240:Apraxia, Ideomotor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D005947:Glucose