title: Cardiovascular risk factor levels in a lower middle-class community in Ankara, Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a lower middle-class urban community of Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in an age- and sex-stratified random community sample with equal sample size per stratum. Direct age-standardization using the standard world population to allow international comparison of findings. Logistic regression modelling to identify risk factors for obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gülveren, a residential area in Ankara, total population 23,000 persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1672 adults aged 25-64 years and resident in the study community were interviewed, 1272 (76.1%) of those came for physical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension according to WHO MONICA criteria was 18.6% (95% confidence interval: 16.1-21.1%) among women and 12.3% (9.7-14.9%) among men; of obesity (body mass index, BMI > or =30 kg/m2) 51.0% (47.6-54.3%) among women and 15.1% (12.0-18.2%) among men; of current smoking 20.1% (17.5-22.6%) among women and 64.8% (61.4-68.2%) among men; of hypercholesterolaemia 20.1% (17.4-22.9%) among women and 13.8% (10.8-16.8%) among men; and of low high density lipoprotein (HDL) 48.4% (44.8-52.1%) among women and 40.6% (36.0-45.2%) among men. In the regression model, age, female sex, non- and ex-smoking were associated with obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of smoking, obesity and low HDL is high in this urban, lower middle-class population, even in comparison with industrialized countries. Unexpectedly, women have less favourable CHD risk profiles than men, except for smoking. Preventive action should be community-wide and address the common risk factors simultaneously to avoid replacement effects such as becoming obese after quitting smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tezcan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altintaş
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sönmez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akinci
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bilgin
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Klör
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Razum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL