title: Early reduction in number of T cells producing proinflammatory cytokines, observed after extracorporeal photopheresis, is not linked to apoptosis induction.
abstract: Immediately following ECP, a significant number of lymphocytes become apoptotic and the number of T cells producing TNFalpha and IFNgamma is reduced. This study sought to determine if the cytokine down-regulation was a direct consequence of apoptosis induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were obtained from 6 graft versus host disease (GvHD) and 5 cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients immediately pre-ECP and from the leucocyte collection bag following 8-MOP/UVA exposure, but prior to re-infusion. Separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were placed in cell culture and stimulated for 6 hours with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Ionomycin and Brefeldin A. Using flow cytometry, T cells were identified by CD3 expression and apoptotic T cells sub-selected by Annexin V staining. Both apoptotic and non-apoptotic T cells were evaluated for their intracellular expression of IL2, IL4, IL10, IFNgamma and TNFalpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither patient group demonstrated a significant change in IL4 or IL10 expression post ECP. However the number of T cells expressing IL2, IFNgamma and TNFalpha was reduced in both the Annexin V-positive and -negative T cell populations (P <.05). The nonapoptotic T cells from GvHD patients demonstrated the greatest reduction in cytokine expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since proinflammatory cytokines play a major role in the pathology of GvHD, their down-regulation post-ECP may produce a direct clinical benefit. The lowest number of IL2-, IFNgamma- and TNFalpha-expressing T cells occurred within the apoptotic population; however, Annexin V-negative T cells also demonstrated a marked reduction post-ECP. However, the lack of an increase in IL4 and IL10 expression indicates that this process was not a consequence of skewing toward a Th2 cytokine profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Rotherham General Hospital, South Yorkshire, UK. john.bladon@rothgen.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bladon
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D017209:Apoptosis; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion / Q000379:methods*; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000628:therapy*; D017893:Photopheresis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins