title: Serial measurement of serum S-100B protein as a marker of cerebral damage after cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We used serial measurements of serum S-100B protein to evaluate the time course of serum S-100B protein concentration after cardiovascular surgery and to determine the clinical relevance of its concentration and cerebral damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed neurologic function in 149 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients were classified into three groups according to their early postoperative outcome: those without complications (group A), those having unconsciousness or convulsion or both but no hemiplegia (group B), and those having unconsciousness and hemiplegia either with or without convulsion (group C). Serum S-100B protein concentrations were measured with a commercially available immunoluminometric assay, Sangtec 100 LIA, at seven time-points: before cardiopulmonary bypass, at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and at 5, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass, the S-100B values in groups B and C were significantly higher than the value in group A. Although the S-100B level decreased in group C during the first 5 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass, it increased thereafter (12 through 24 hours) and continued at a high level until the final measurement at 72 hours. At 12 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass, S-100B was significantly higher in group C than in group B. This late increase in S-100B was associated with radiologically detected abnormalities and cerebral damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial measurement of serum S-100B protein in the initial 12 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass can be used to predict early postoperative brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. takayuki@m3.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Yoshihumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iguro
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakihana
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins