Macroarray analysis of the effects of JP-8 jet fuel on gene expression in Jurkat cells.
The jet fuel JP-8 is widely used and a large number of military and civilian personnel is, therefore, exposed to it. Treatment of several cell lines, including human Jurkat cells, with JP-8 induces cell death that exhibits various biochemical and morphological characteristics of apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of JP-8 cytotoxicity, however, has remained unclear. The effects of exposure of Jurkat cells to JP-8 (1/10,000 dilution) for 4 h on gene expression have now been examined by cDNA macroarray analysis. We had previously shown in these cells that under the above conditions, JP-8 causes significant apoptosis, based upon the observation that caspase-3 activation occurs at approximately 4 h and consequently most of the other classical apoptotic biochemical and morphological alterations progress until apoptotic cell death at 24 h. Of the 439 apoptosis- or stress response-related genes examined, the expression of 16 genes was up-regulated and that of ten genes was down-regulated by a factor of > or =2. The changes in the expression of 11 of these 26 genes were confirmed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction analysis. These results provide insight into the mechanism of JP-8 toxicity and the associated induction of apoptosis.
Espinoza
Luis A
LA
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Basic Science Building, Room 351, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Smulson
Mark E
ME
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D019169:Jurkat Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D012313:RNA; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases