title: Use of high-dose-rate brachytherapy in the management of locally recurrent rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Locally recurrent rectal cancer is associated with poor quality of life and has justified aggressive surgical and adjuvant approaches to control the disease. This study was designed to evaluate the use of fractionated perioperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy in association with wide surgical excision (debulking). Our hypothesis is that this combined therapy can help control locally recurrent rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with biopsy-proven locally recurrent rectal cancer that could not be completely removed surgically were considered candidates for this procedure. All patients had abdominal exploration, aggressive tumor debulking, and placement of afterloading brachytherapy catheters. Patients underwent simulation on postoperative Day 3 and received 1,200 to 2,500 (mean, 1,888) cGy of fractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy between postoperative Days 3 and 5. All patients had involvement of the lateral pelvic sidewall and/or the sacrum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients (18 males) aged 32 to 79 years underwent therapy. Follow-up ranged from 18 to 93 (mean, 50) months and was available in 27 patients. Ten patients (37 percent) were alive at the time of this report. Nine patients are without evidence of disease. Five patients (18 percent) died of non-cancer-related causes without evidence of recurrent disease. Five complications potentially related to treatment (3 abscesses, 2 fistulas) occurred in five patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose radiation brachytherapy delivers high-dose, highly controlled, focused radiation to specific sites of disease, thereby minimizing injury to normal tissues. The results in this series suggest increased local control, better palliation, and increased salvage of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuehne
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kleisli
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biernacki
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girvigian
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Streeter
authors.forename: Marvin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Corman
authors.forename: Adrian E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Petar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vukasin
authors.forename: Rahila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Essani
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Beart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D016896:Treatment Outcome