title: Temporal relationships between circulating levels of CC and CXC chemokines and developing atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E*3 Leiden mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CC and CXC chemokines are implicated in leukocyte recruitment during development of atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting circulating levels of chemokines may be useful serum markers of atherogenesis. Serum chemokine concentrations were measured in apolipoprotein (apo) E*3 Leiden mice and their nontransgenic littermates and related to the differing rates of atherogenesis in these animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol/cholate (HFC/C) diet for 18 weeks. Circulating levels of JE/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increased (P<0.05) after 2 to 4 weeks, coincident with development of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, and remained elevated throughout the study. Circulating KC concentrations increased (P<0.05) after consumption of HFC/C diet; however, unlike JE, serum KC concentrations increased more rapidly in apoE*3 Leiden mice than their nontransgenic littermates. Hepatic expression of JE and KC mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization in all mice fed HFC/C diet. Aortic expression of JE mRNA was seen only in apoE*3 Leiden mice within macrophage-rich atherosclerotic lesions. By contrast, no aortic expression of KC mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increases in serum chemokine concentrations did not reflect temporal aortic production of these molecules and proved less predictive than serum cholesterol of the markedly different extent of atheroma in apoE*3 Leiden and nontransgenic mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Royal Free and University College Medical School of UCL, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nuala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: K Richard
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bruckdorfer
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Grimsditch
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Overend
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidgeon-Hart
authors.forename: Pieter H E
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: G Martin
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; C052720:apolipoprotein E3 (Leidein); D002784:Cholesterol