title: Hyrtl's anastomosis is normally developed in placentas from small for gestational age infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and appearance of the anastomosis between the two umbilical arteries in placentas from infants small for gestational age (SGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The arterial systems of 64 placentas from singleton pregnancies resulting in SGA infants were visualized by angiography. The method allowed study of the anastomosis between the umbilical arteries and calculation of the relative placental area supplied by each artery. The results were compared with findings in a previous study of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi2-analyses were used for statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 56 placentas the anastomosis was represented by a true vessel, in two by a fenestration, and in another two cases by fusion of the umbilical arteries. The anastomosis was absent in one case and another three cases had a single umbilical artery (SUA). When the diameter of the anastomosis was thinner than that of the umbilical arteries, their supply areas were significantly (p < or = 0.001) more symmetrical than in cases with a wider anastomosis. The anatomy of the anastomosis and the relationship between its width and the symmetry between the supply areas of each umbilical artery did not differ in placentas from SGA and AGA infants, despite various types of cord insertion and placentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Static measurements of Hyrtl's anastomosis do not indicate a contributing part for intrauterine growth retardation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ullberg
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lingman
authors.forename: Gunvor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ekman-Ordeberg
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sandstedt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D010920:Placenta / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D021041:Placental Circulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology