title: Effect of rare earth element europium on amaranthin synthesis in Amarathus caudatus seedlings.
abstract: Considering the resemblances between Eu3+ and Ca2+ in their atomic radius and structures of the valence electron, the effects of Eu3+ on amaramthin synthesis in Amarathus caudatus seedling were studied. Eu3+ had both promoting and inhibiting effects on amaramthin synthesis. The optimum promoting concentration and half inhibiting concentration of Eu3+ to synthesis of amaranthin were 0.4 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L, respectively. In the dark, A23187 (ions carrier) could carry Eu3+ into cells through the Ca2+ channel. When Ca2+ was chelated with EGTA, the synthesis of amaranthin could be partly retrieved by Eu3+. Eu3+ treatment could also activate Ca2+- ATPase on plasma membrane. Moreover, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of total proteins from the plants treated by Eu3+ and Ca2+ were similar but slightly different in the contents. It suggested that the effects of Eu3+ and Ca2+ on amaranthin synthesis were similar. After being treated by Eu3+ or Ca2+, the outside Ca2+ could enter into cells to promote synthesis of amaranthin. The results above indicated that Eu3+ might replace Ca2+ in the calcium/calmidulindependent phytochrome signal transduction system and play important roles in plant development by promoting calcium transportation across plasma membrane.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China.
authors.forename: Fuli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hong Er
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Fengyi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lijing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fengmin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D027721:Amaranthus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D003624:Darkness; D005063:Europium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D037121:Plant Lectins; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; C061152:amaranthin protein, Amaranthus; D005063:Europium; D007811:Lanthanum; D054788:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium