title: Alteration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate signaling in rat testicular cells after spinal cord injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier studies demonstrated that the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on spermatogenesis were associated with altered Sertoli cell responses to treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or testosterone (T). Because of the importance of the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signal pathway in hormonal actions on Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis, the purpose of this study was to determine whether cAMP signaling in testicular cells is altered after SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with SCI were treated with FSH, T, or FSH + T for 7 or 14 days. Northern blot cDNA hybridization was used to measure testicular levels of Sertoli and germ cell-specific transcripts encoded by genes that contain cAMP responsive element (CRE) and/or steroid hormone responsive element (HRE). Cellular distribution of CRE modulator (CREM) was determined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of sham control rats with FSH or T + FSH for 2 weeks resulted in decreases in mRNAs for CREM and CRE binding protein (CREB). Concomitantly, levels of mRNA for Sertoli cell inhibin alpha and germ cell-specific protamine 1 (Pm-1), transition protein 2 (TP-2), and lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) were all reduced. In contrast, identical FSH and/or T treatments resulted in increases in levels of CREM and CREB mRNAs in the testes of SCI rats; these effects were associated with similar changes in mRNAs for inhibin alpha, Pm-1, TP-2, and LDHC. The effects of SCI on CREM expression were corroborated by similar changes in its distribution in testicular cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCI is associated with changes in FSH and/or T regulation of cAMP/CRE and HRE signaling in testicular cells. These effects may mediate the effects of SCI on spermatogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey, USA. huanghf@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Hosea F S
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-Tang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shulun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Leonard M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pogach
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ottenweller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D006728:Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP