title: Clonal analysis of granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit cells with the human androgen receptor gene in chronic myeloid leukemia.
abstract: Coexistence of Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) progenitors with the Ph+ clone in the early chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been documented in previous reports. A different evaluation of methods is needed to justify the clonality of the residual Ph- progenitors. Therefore, the X chromosome inactivation patterns in individual granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) colonies were studied with the clonality assay for the human androgen receptor gene. A prerequisite for this evaluation was the validation of T-lymphocytes and buccal cells as control cells representing the constitutional lyonization. The percentages of polyclonal CFU-GM cells were determined in 9 Ph+ women with CML and in 5 healthy women. Results of the clonal analysis of CFU-GM colonies were compared with those from reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of single colonies for BCR/ABL transcripts. Both methods of CFU-GM cell analysis were in agreement regarding the presence of variable proportions (0%-94%) of normal cells in CML. Our results suggest that (a) T-cells and buccal cells have potential for use as controls for the clonal analysis of CML cases and (b) this method can evaluate the frequency of polyclonal/clonal CFU-GM cells in CML cases and is applicable to the analysis of myeloid clonal disorders that lack specific molecular markers.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akel
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mavroyanni
authors.forename: Xenophon
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yataganas
authors.forename: Evagelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terpos
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meletis
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anargyrou
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stavrogianni
authors.forename: Gerasimos-Alexander
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pangalis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loukopoulos
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viniou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D005260:Female; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000473:pathology*; D054438:Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative / Q000473:pathology; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D023461:Myeloid Progenitor Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl