title: The angiogenic receptor KDR is widely distributed in human tissues and tumours and relocates intracellularly on phosphorylation. An immunohistochemical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiogenesis is an important factor in tumour growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) or KDR plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to raise and characterize antibodies against phosphorylated KDR which could be used for studies on human tissues to assess KDR activation and novel inhibitors of KDR activation in clinical trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three monoclonal antibodies and one rabbit polyclonal antiserum were produced. The specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by ELISA. One of the mouse antibodies and the rabbit polyclonal antiserum reacted with a 200-kDa band on a Western blot of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lysates, the molecular weight of KDR. Immunohistochemical staining showed that phosphorylated KDR is present in a wide variety of normal tissues including liver, colon and placenta, and is not restricted to endothelium. It was also present in a number of human tumours including breast carcinomas, colonic carcinomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The pattern of staining was membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that phosphorylated KDR is present in a wide variety of tumour and tissue types and is not confined to endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Tumour Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turley
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pezzella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cartlidge
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Copley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kendrew
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gatter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D006825:Hybridomas / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011817:Rabbits; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2