title: Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Chicago Hospitals: a 15-year longitudinal assessment in a large university-based hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a longitudinal profile of resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials among isolates of Staphylococcus aureus at a large university teaching hospital and to evaluate the impact of the methicillin resistance phenotype on resistance trends for non-beta-lactam antimicrobials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility data for all 17,287 S. aureus isolates obtained from January 1986 through December 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  The University of Chicago Hospitals, a family of tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospitals in Chicago, Illinois, consisting of 547 adult and pediatric beds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual rate of resistance to methicillin increased from 13% in 1986 to 28% in 2000 (P < .001) and has not plateaued. For each non-beta-lactam antimicrobial tested, the annual rates of resistance were far higher among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates than among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. The annual rates of resistance to the macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin (MLS) antimicrobials erythromycin and clindamycin increased among MSSA isolates (P < .01), but remained lower than 20%. Resistance to the MLS antimicrobials was higher among MRSA isolates (higher than 60%), but the annual rate decreased significantly during the study (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of methicillin resistance among S. aureus isolates has continued to increase; resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials is far more common among MRSA isolates. Recent decreases in the proportion of MRSA isolates resistant to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials suggest important changes in the epidemiology of this pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Cindy D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bethel
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Daum
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents