title: The aesthetic earlobe: classification of lobule ptosis on the basis of a survey of North American Caucasians.
abstract: North American Caucasian male subjects (n = 59) and female subjects (n = 72) were surveyed, to investigate earlobe height preferences that could serve as guidelines for aesthetic earlobe surgical procedures and reconstructions. Subjects were asked to rank their preferences for variously shaped earlobes in life-size-scaled sketched male and female profiles. Earlobe heights were varied on the basis of previously established anatomical landmarks, including the intertragal notch, the most caudal anterior attachment of the earlobe to the cheek skin (the otobasion inferius), and the most caudal extension of the earlobe-free margin (the subaurale). While the intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distance (range, 5 to 20 mm) and otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distance (range, 0 to 20 mm) varied, all other facial and ear anthropometric measurements were held constant. Each of the rank orders for the female and male facial profiles completed by the female and male subjects demonstrated statistical significance, as determined by one-way analysis of variance analysis of ranks (p < 0.001 for all four groups). No difference was noted between the two sexes' rank orders for either sex (p > 0.05). Therefore, analysis of the combined male and female preferences for each sex was completed with one-way analysis of variance analysis of ranks (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and a post hoc Dunn's test, to delineate significant preference differences between subgroups with respect to the intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius and otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distances. Both female and male earlobe intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distances were preferred at either 5, 10, or 15 mm, more so than at 20 mm (p < 0.05 for all female and male comparisons). Furthermore, both female and male earlobe otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distances were preferred, in descending order, at 5 mm > 10 mm > 0 mm > 15 mm > 20 mm (p < 0.05 for all female and male comparisons). On the basis of the findings of this survey, the first classification of earlobe ptosis (based on otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distances), as well as a criterion for earlobe pseudoptosis (intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distance of greater than 15 mm), is presented. These findings suggest a role for independent assessment of the lobule length with respect to its anteriorly attached cephalad component (intertragal notch-to-otobasion inferius distance) and its free-margin caudal component (otobasion inferius-to-subaurale distance).
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Institute, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield 62794, USA.
authors.forename: Arian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mowlavi
authors.forename: D Garth
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: Bradon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wilhelmi
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghavami
authors.forename: Elvin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Zook
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000886:Anthropometry; D004431:Ear, External / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D044465:White People