title: Leukocyte esterase activity in vaginal fluid of pregnant and non-pregnant women with vaginitis/vaginosis and in controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the leukocyte esterase (LE) activity in vaginal lavage fluid of women with acute and recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC and RVVC respectively), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and in pregnant and non-pregnant women without evidence of the three conditions. Also to compare the result of LE tests in women consulting at different weeks in the cycle and trimesters of pregnancy. The LE activity was correlated to vaginal pH, number of inflammatory cells in stained vaginal smears, type of predominating vaginal bacteria and presence of yeast morphotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirteen women with a history of RVVC, i.e. with at least four attacks of the condition during the previous year and who had consulted with an assumed new attack of the condition, were studied. Furthermore, we studied 16 women with VVC, 15 women with BV, and 27 women attending for control of cytological abnormalities, who all presented without evidence of either vaginitis or vaginosis. Finally, 73 pregnant women were investigated. The LE activity in vaginal fluid during different weeks in the cycle of 53 of the women was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the non-pregnant women, an increased LE activity was found in 96, 88, 73 and 56% of those with RVVC, VVC and BV and in the non-VVC/BV cases, respectively. In 73% of pregnant women in the second trimester, and 76% of those in the third, the LE test was positive. In all groups of non-pregnant women tested, the LE activity correlated with the number of leukocytes in vaginal smears, but it did not in those who were pregnant. There was no correlation between LE activity and week in cycle. The vaginal pH showed no correlation to LE activity in any of the groups studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of commercial LE dipsticks has a limited value in the differential diagnosis of RVVC, VVC and BV. There is no correlation between the LE activity in vaginal secretion on one hand and vaginal pH, week in the menstrual cycle and trimester in pregnancy on the other. Women with BV often have signs of inflammation as evidenced by a positive LE test and inflammatory cells in genital smears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. per-anders.mardh@simrishamn.se
authors.forename: Per-Anders
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mårdh
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Novikova
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niklasson
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bekassy
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skude
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: C021443:leukocyte esterase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases