title: Seasonal fluctuation of parasitic infestation in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Oodi village, Kgatleng District, Botswana.
abstract: During the period March to September 2000, a study was conducted in Oodi village, Kgatleng District, Botswana, to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of internal, external and blood parasites of donkeys. Twelve adult donkeys were randomly selected from a farmer with a herd of 15 donkeys. Monthly visits were made to the farmer when the donkeys were examined for parasites. The only ectoparasites recovered from the donkeys were instars of various tick species. The most prevalent tick was Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (98.4%), followed by Amblyomma hebraeum and Hyalomma species. The only haemoparasite seen on microscopy was Babesia equi at low parasitaemia in 26.8% of the donkeys. However, no clinical babesiosis was evident. Coprological examination showed the presence of strongyle eggs in moderate numbers. Very low numbers of coccidia oocysts were found in the faecal samples. High tick numbers and worm egg counts coincided with the warm, wet months in contrast to the low numbers recovered during the cold, dry months. An interview conducted by the authors indicated that donkeys were nutritionally marginalised by owners. Supplementary feeding was therefore recommended, especially during the winter months when grazing is poor.
authors.affiliation: Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana. ezmushi@bca.bw
authors.forename: E Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Mushi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Binta
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Chabo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monnafela
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001902:Botswana / Q000453:epidemiology; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D018397:Equidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature