title: Etiology and prognosis of fetal ascites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prenatal course and outcomes of neonates with isolated fetal ascites.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis (from 1990 through 2000) was performed on 26 consecutive cases presenting with fetal ascites. A systematic diagnostic protocol which included fetal blood sampling for karyotyping, serology and serial ultrasound examinations to determine etiology was followed in all cases after diagnosis. Pregnancy outcome was assessed by a chart report or autopsy reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of cases were associated with fetal malformations (n = 11). Five fetuses had malformations with associated syndromes. Less commonly associated were intrauterine infections (n = 3), intestinal perforation (n = 2), genetic disorders (n = 2), neoplasm (n = 1) and growth retardation (n = 1). In only 1 case (4%) was the etiology idiopathic. Secondary generalized hydrops occurred only in 4 of 26 cases. Only 13 of 16 liveborn infants survived past the neonatal period and only 4 cases are doing well at childhood age without any sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A wide range of etiologies were associated with isolated fetal ascites. Those with malformations had the worst pregnancy outcome. Prenatal diagnosis was made in 92% utilizing a systematic diagnostic workup. The diagnosis of idiopathic ascites has become rare due to the improvement in prenatal diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. annette.schmider@charite.de
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmider
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reles
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kjos
authors.forename: Joachim W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dudenhausen
mesh_terms: D001201:Ascites / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies