title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Poland: modelling study from the hospital perspective.
abstract: AIM AND PERSPECTIVE: To estimate the cost effectiveness of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from a Polish hospital perspective. This was intended to facilitate the decisionmaking process in selecting the most cost-effective treatment for ACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision model was used to quantify costs and effectiveness of alternative treatments. Published results from the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events (ESSENCE) study were used to estimate the probability for clinical endpoints (death, myocardial infarction or recurrent angina) at 30 days. Probabilities of patients undergoing revascularisation procedures were obtained from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) which included data from 961 patients at six centres in Poland. The analysis assessed only direct medical costs, determined from actual resource consumption on a patient-specific basis (6-month observational study) and estimated using Polish data on unit costs. One- and two-way sensitivity analyses and threshold analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 30 days, 19.8% of patients receiving enoxaparin compared with 23.3% of those receiving UFH reached a composite endpoint consisting of death, myocardial infarction and recurrent angina (p = 0.02). The average costs (in zloty ; 1 US dollar = 4 zloty [2000 values]) were 1,085 per patient receiving enoxaparin compared with 1,097 per patient receiving UFH. Therefore, for every 29 patients treated, not only would enoxaparin therapy avoid one event of the composite endpoint, it would also save 348 zloty. The threshold analysis suggests that enoxaparin would lose dominance when the cost of enoxaparin increased by 10%, the cost of monitoring UFH therapy decreased by 12%, the probability of reaching the composite endpoint in the enoxaparin arm increased to 0.22 or decreased to 0.21 in the UFH arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our model enoxaparin was more effective at a lower cost than UFH, therefore this treatment was shown to be dominant for patients with ACS in Poland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. ewaorlewska@go2.pl
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orlewska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budaj
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tereszkowski-Kaminski
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000191:economics; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011044:Poland
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D006493:Heparin