title: Carbohydrate and the regulation of blood glucose and metabolism.
abstract: Classifying the glycemic responses of carbohydrate foods using the glycemic index (GI) requires standardized methodology for valid results. Dietary carbohydrates influence metabolism by at least four mechanisms: nature of the monosaccharides absorbed, amount of carbohydrate consumed, rate of absorption, and colonic fermentation. Reducing glycemic responses by reducing carbohydrate intake increases postprandial serum free-fatty acids (FFA) and does not improve overall glycemic control in diabetic subjects. By contrast, low-GI diets reduce serum FFA and improve glycemic control. Thus, current evidence supports FAO/WHO recommendations to maintain a high-carbohydrate diet and choose low-GI starchy foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2.
authors.forename: Thomas M S
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wolever
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001939:Bread; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000178:diet therapy; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007700:Kinetics; D008660:Metabolism; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012275:Oryza; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D009005:Monosaccharides; D013213:Starch; D005947:Glucose