title: [Fresh water fish farming--fishing ponds and "cesarean section"].
abstract: Present knowledge on the capability of fish to feel pain and of suffering is presented. According to these data it has to be supposed, that fish are able to feel fish. Suffering and damage can be proven by biochemistry and morphology. Under these aspects, angling ponds and cesarean section in sturgeon have to be regarded as a violation of the German animal welfare act.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zoologie, Fischereibiologie und Fischkrankheiten der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oidtmann
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D005398:Fisheries / Q000592:standards*; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005858:Germany; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary