title: EMR as salvage treatment for patients with locoregional failure of definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Definitive chemoradiotherapy is recognized as a standard treatment for esophageal cancer. Although most failures of this combined modality are locoregional, without distant metastasis, there are few curative treatment options available in such cases except salvage esophagectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experience with 16 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who underwent EMR as a salvage treatment after locoregional failure of definitive chemoradiotherapy was reviewed retrospectively. EMR was performed by using the mucosal strip technique. Eight patients had local recurrence at the primary site after a complete response to chemoradiotherapy, 5 had metachronous multiple cancers, and 3 had residual tumor after completing chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, the EMR-treated tumors were histopathologic stage T1 and were clinical stage N0M0 as defined by EUS and CT. No serious complication was observed in any patient. At a median follow-up of 33 months (range 11-73 months) from the initiation of chemoradiotherapy, 3 patients (38%) with local recurrence at the primary site, 3 (40%) with metachronous multiple cancers, and two (67%) with residual cancer were still alive and disease-free after salvage EMR, for periods of 30 to 63 months. The 3-year survival rate from the initiation of salvage EMR for all patients was 56%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term survival can be achieved with salvage EMR for locoregional failure after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer without serious complications. EMR may be a salvage treatment option when a recurrent or residual tumor is superficial or local.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Santa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: Narikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boku
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikura
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome