title: Pediatric liver transplantation with daclizumab induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new class of monoclonal antibodies (non-T-cell depleting) has gained favor for induction therapy after transplantation. This study evaluated the non-T-cell depleting antibody to the CD25 cell, daclizumab, as a single-dose induction agent immediately after pediatric liver transplantation to spare the use of the calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, for 7 days in respect to both efficacy and renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1998 to November 2001, 81 pediatric orthotopic liver transplant recipients receiving 89 liver grafts were evaluated. The treatment arm (n=61) received daclizumab 1 mg/kg immediately after liver transplantation along with mycophenolate, steroids, and, on postoperative day 7, tacrolimus. The control group did not receive induction therapy, whereas tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids were started immediately after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The induction group had fewer patients with rejection within the first 30 days after liver transplantation (9 [14.8%] vs. 10 [50%]; P=0.003). The mean time to first rejection was similar between groups (12.1 [+/-7.8] days vs. 18.5 [+/-8.1] days; P=not significant). There was a 3.39 increase in relative risk to develop rejection within the first 30 days after orthotopic liver transplantation if the patient did not receive induction therapy (relative risk=3.39; 95% confidence interval [1.61, 7.14]). Two-year actuarial survival for the induction group was 93.2% compared with 85% in the control; graft survival was also similar between groups (87.8% vs. 72.7%) at 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daclizumab 1 mg/kg given immediately after pediatric liver transplantation and withholding tacrolimus, is safe, efficacious, and reduces rejections within the first 30 days after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Heffron
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pillen
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Smallwood
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D000077561:Daclizumab; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D000077561:Daclizumab; D016559:Tacrolimus