title: A comparison of evaluations of male and female psychiatry supervisors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether male and female psychiatry supervisors are evaluated differently by psychiatry residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry compiled anonymous supervisor evaluations completed semiannually by psychiatry residents over a period of 3 years. Male and female psychiatry supervisors' ratings were compared by using t-tests, effect estimates, and chi-square analyses. Results from these ratings were discussed in a resident focus group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female psychiatry supervisors (n=76) were rated significantly lower than male supervisors (n=222), both overall (P<0.05) and in the areas of enthusiasm (P<0.05), clarity (P<0.05), and knowledge (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies comparing evaluations of supervision by male and female psychiatrists must control for academic rank, numbers of publications, and hours of teaching. Comparing evaluations of the various male-female supervisory pairs will be useful to assess for gender biases.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. janet.degroot@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: Allan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008611:Mentors; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards