title: Orbital compartment syndrome mimicking cerebral herniation in a 12-yr-old boy with severe traumatic asphyxia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of orbital compartment syndrome mimicking cerebral herniation in a boy with severe traumatic asphyxia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-yr-old boy with traumatic asphyxia syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mechanical ventilation, chest tube drainage, nitric oxide, lateral canthotomies, intracranial pressure monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A patient is presented with severe traumatic asphyxia syndrome complicated by prolonged hypoxemia, massive capillary leak syndrome, and acute onset of pupillary dilation and loss of reactivity to light. Ophthalmologic examination confirmed bilateral orbital compartment syndrome, which was treated emergently with bilateral canthotomies at the bedside. The procedure was followed by prompt return of pupillary size and function and decrease in intraocular pressure. The patient experienced complete recovery of vision in the right eye, but vision in the left eye was severely impaired.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case report emphasizes the importance of considering orbital compartment syndrome in patients with traumatic asphyxia syndrome. Recognition of orbital compartment syndrome is important in this setting because prompt operative intervention may reduce the likelihood of permanent vision loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Parthak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prodhan
authors.forename: Natan N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Noviski
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eskandar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ellen Grant
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Whalen
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed