title: Infrared spectroscopic identification of beta-thalassemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a fast and reagent-free adjunct tool in the diagnosis and screening of beta-thalassemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was obtained from 56 patients with beta-thalassemia major, 1 patient with hemoglobin H disease, and 35 age-matched controls. Hemolysates of blood samples were centrifuged to remove stroma. IR absorption spectra were recorded for duplicate films dried from 5 microL of hemolysate. Differentiation between the two groups of hemoglobin spectra was by two statistical methods: an unsupervised cluster analysis and a supervised linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IR spectra revealed changes in the secondary structure of hemoglobin from beta-thalassemia patients compared with that from controls, in particular, a decreased alpha-helix content, an increased content of parallel and antiparallel beta-sheets, and changes in the tyrosine ring absorption band. The hemoglobin from beta-thalassemia patients also showed an increase in the intensity of the IR bands from the cysteine -SH groups. The unsupervised cluster analysis, statistically separating spectra into different groups according to subtle IR spectral differences, allowed separation of control hemoglobin from beta-thalassemia hemoglobin spectra, based mainly on differences in protein secondary structure. The supervised LDA method provided 100% classification accuracy for the training set and 98% accuracy for the validation set in partitioning control and beta-thalassemia samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IR spectroscopy holds promise in the clinical diagnosis and screening of beta-thalassemia.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 1Y6 Canada. Kan-Zhi.Liu@nrc.ca
authors.forename: Kan-Zhi
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kam Sze
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Chi Kong
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R Anthony
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Mantsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins