title: Underdiagnosis of depression in HIV: who are we missing?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sociodemographic and service delivery correlates of depression underdiagnosis in HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  National probability sample of HIV-infected persons in care in the contiguous United States who have available medical record data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We interviewed patients using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) survey from the Mental Health Supplement. Patients also provided information regarding demographics, socioeconomic status, and HIV disease severity. We extracted patient medical record data between July 1995 and December 1997, and we defined depression underdiagnosis as a diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on the CIDI and no recorded depression diagnosis by their principal health care provider in their medical records between July 1995 and December 1997. Of the 1140 HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study patients with medical record data who completed the CIDI, 448 (37%) had CIDI-defined major depression, and of these, 203 (45%) did not have a diagnosis of depression documented in their medical record. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that patients who had less than a high school education (P <.05) were less likely to have their depression documented in the medical record compared to those with at least a college education. Patients with Medicare insurance coverage compared to those with private health insurance (P <.01) and those with >or=3 outpatient visits (P <.05) compared to <3 visits were less likely to have their depression diagnosis missed by providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that providers should be more attentive to diagnosing comorbid depression in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: VA Los Angeles Healthcare System and UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Asch
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kilbourne
authors.forename: Allen L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: M Audrey
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Burnam
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bozzette
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged