Matrix metalloproteinase expression in the olfactory epithelium.
The olfactory epithelium contains neuronal progenitor cells capable of continuous neurogenesis and is a unique model for studying neural degeneration, regeneration, axon outgrowth and recovery from injury. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), have been implicated in cell turnover, development, migration, and metastatic processes. We used Western blot and immunohistochemistry to determine whether MMP-2 and associated proteins TIMP-2 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) are present in the olfactory epithelium of mice. We found MMP-2 expression localized to the olfactory basal cells and immature neurons. After injury-induced neural degeneration, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP levels decreased while TIMP-2 levels increased. However, following 35 days of neurogenesis and cell replacement TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP returned to control levels. The results show a correlation between MMP and TIMP levels and the stages of neural degeneration, regeneration and recovery of the olfactory epithelium following injury.
Tsukatani
Toshiaki
T
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan.
Fillmore
Helen L
HL
Hamilton
Heather R
HR
Holbrook
Eric H
EH
Costanzo
Richard M
RM
D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002452:Cell Count; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D051842:Olfactory Marker Protein; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism
D019922:GAP-43 Protein; C507096:Mmp14 protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051842:Olfactory Marker Protein; C497598:Omp protein, mouse; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D053511:Matrix Metalloproteinase 14