title: Effects of insulin resistance and obesity on lipoproteins and sensitivity to egg feeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine if insulin resistance without and with obesity influences LDL response to dietary cholesterol and saturated fat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We fed 0, 2, and 4 egg yolks per day to 197 healthy subjects in a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Subjects were dichotomized on body mass index (<27.5 and > or =27.5 kg/m2) and insulin sensitivity (insulin-sensitivity index > or =4.2x1.0(-4) and <4.2x1.0(-4) min(-1) microU/mL), yielding insulin-sensitive (IS, n=65), insulin-resistant (IR, n=75), and obese insulin-resistant (OIR, n=58) subjects. Mean fasting baseline LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher in IR and OIR subjects (3.44+/-0.67 and 3.32+/-0.80 mol/L) than in IS subjects (2.84+/-0.75 mmol/L) (P<0.001). Progressive triglyceride elevations and HDL-C decreases were seen across the 3 groups. Ingesting 4 eggs daily yielded significant LDL-C increases of 7.8+/-13.7% (IS) and 3.3+/-13.2% (IR) (both P<0.05) compared with 2.4+/-12.6% for OIR (NS). HDL-C increases were 8.8+/-10.4%, 5.2+/-10.4%, and 3.6+/-9.4% in IS, IR, and OIR, respectively (all P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance without and with obesity is associated with elevated LDL-C as well as elevated triglyceride and low HDL-C. The elevated LDL-C cannot be explained by dietary sensitivity, because the LDL-C rise with egg feeding is less in IR persons regardless of obesity status, probably attributable to diminished cholesterol absorption. The results suggest that dietary management of insulin resistance and obesity can focus more on restricting calories and less on restricting dietary fat.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, Seattle, Wash 98104, USA. rhknopp@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Retzlaff
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walden
authors.forename: Shari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallick
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010063:Ovum; D012016:Reference Values; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides