title: Hydroxyapatite cement (BoneSource) for repair of critical sized calvarian defects--an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an experimental study the hydroxyapatite cement BoneSource was tested for the ability in relation to the defect size and for its resorption properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an animal study, BoneSource was applied to repair bicortical defects of different sizes in frontal bones of six Goettingen minipigs. The area was evaluated radiographically and histologically 12, 18 and 40 weeks postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 40 weeks approximately 90% of the hydroxyapatite cement had been resorbed and replaced with bone. After 12 weeks, approximately 30% had been degraded, and 40% after 18 weeks. In small bone defects, the mucosa of the frontal sinus lined the bone substitute (BoneSource). In the reconstruction of large areas, a membrane was used to stabilize the material. Despite this membranous support, BoneSource material prolapsed into the frontal sinus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydroxyapatite cement is for the repair of bone defects. It can be moulded to shape the reconstruction. Its use is limited by the defect size and the need for a dry bed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BoneSource is well suited to repair small defects with proven high biocompatibility. However, in large defects, the material is not sufficiently stable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Erlangen-Nuremberg University, Glueckstr 11, Erlangen, Germany. stephan.rupprecht@mkg.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.forename: Hans-Albert
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Merten
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology; D003399:Craniotomy; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C475044:hydroxyapatite cement; D017886:Durapatite