title: Paget-Schroetter syndrome therapy: failure of intravenous stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to show that intravenous stents (IS) are contraindicated in patients with thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein (Paget-Schroetter syndrome).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients had IS placed after balloon dilatation of the venous compression in the thoracic outlet. Each of the patients receiving IS had the diagnosis made less than 6 weeks after vein occlusion, previous thrombolytic therapy, and poststent anticoagulants. (All were performed in outside hospitals. In no case was surgical decompression of the "externally constricted venous tunnel" performed.) The 22 patients receiving IS were compared with a similar group of 384 patients seen less than 6 weeks after thrombosis who were treated with "optimal therapy," ie, thrombolysis and prompt transaxillary resection of the first rib with venous tunnel decompression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 22 patients with IS reoccluded their axillary-subclavian vein from 1 day to 6 weeks after insertion. All were retreated with thrombolytic therapy and first rib resection. Ten remained patent and 7 remained occluded but developed adequate collateral circulation. All 17 were asymptomatic. Five remained occluded with minimal collateral circulation. Attempts were made to reopen them a third time. All 5 are receiving long-term anticoagulants. In contrast the 384 patients managed with optimal therapy were significantly improved without retreatment or anticoagulants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our study, there is no indication for use of IS in patients with Paget-Schroetter syndrome; in fact, from our experience it is contraindicated when compared with the optimal therapy group. Other authors corroborate this conclusion in recent review articles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA. drurschel@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Harold C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Urschel
authors.forename: Amit N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001367:Axillary Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000075202:Contraindications; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012086:Reoperation; D012272:Ribs / Q000601:surgery; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015607:Stents; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D013577:Syndrome; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants