title: Pragmatic evaluation of computer-aided self-help for anxiety and depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most anxiety/depression is not effectively treated. Aims Open evaluation of a free clinic giving immediate computer-aided cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help plus brief advice from a therapist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test of outcome of self-referrals who used one of four computer-aided CBT systems for depression, phobia/panic, general anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The equivalent of one full-time clinician managed 355 referrals over a year. Of the 266 who had a screening interview 79% were suitable. Completers and non-completers of computer-aided CBT had similar pre-treatment features, with very chronic, moderately severe problems. Completers of the computer-aided self-help had a mean total of an hour's live therapist support over 12 weeks. They improved significantly and clinically meaningfully with three of the four systems and felt 'fairly satisfied'. Improvement resembled that in controlled and other trials of computer-aided CBT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer-aided self-help is a 'clinician extender'that greatly cuts per-patient therapist time without impairing improvement. It could reduce the per-patient cost of CBT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK. i.marks@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Isaac M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mataix-Cols
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenwright
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal