title: Macrophage proteomic fingerprinting predicts HIV-1-associated cognitive impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specific proteins produced from monocytes may be linked to the pathogenesis and aid in the diagnosis of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors assessed whether a diagnostic phenomic protein profile could be obtained from monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from HIV-1-infected patients with cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one HIV-1-infected Hispanic women and 10 seronegative controls matched by age and sex were followed at the University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, where neuropsychological, immune, and viral parameters were tested. Monocytes were recovered by Percoll gradient centrifugation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. MDM lysates were prepared after 7 days of cultivation and protein profiles analyzed by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-time of flight (TOF) ProteinChip tests. Classification trees were prepared for statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 177 protein peaks from 2 to 80 kDa were evaluated in 31 patient MDM lysates by SELDI-TOF ProteinChip assays. Select protein peaks, at 5028 and 4320 Da, separated HIV-1-infected from HIV-1-seronegative subjects with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80%. Thirty-eight peaks were used to differentiate HIV-1-infected subjects with and without cognitive impairment. A 4348 Da protein separated the two groups with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 75%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of unique phenomic MDM profiles from cognitively impaired HIV-1-infected patients supports the hypothesis that changes in monocyte function parallel the development of HAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First China Hospital Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wojna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Biskup
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gendelman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Meléndez
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003071:Cognition; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D040901:Proteomics; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D019562:Viral Load