title: Prevalance of and risk factors for hospital-acquired infections in Slovenia-results of the first national survey, 2001.
abstract: A one-day survey was conducted in all (19) Slovenian acute-care hospitals in October 2001 to estimate the prevalence of all types of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and to identify predominant micro-organisms and risk factors. Among 6695 patients surveyed, the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 4.6%. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was highest (1.2%), followed by pneumonia (1.0%), surgical wound infection (0.7%), and bloodstream infection (0.3%). In intensive care units (ICUs) the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 26.9% and the ratio of episodes of HAI per number of patients was 33.3%. One or more pathogens were identified in 55.8% of HAIs episodes. Among these, the most frequently single isolated micro-organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (18.2%) and Escherichia coli (10.2%). Risk factors for HAI included central intravascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.1-4.9), peripheral intravascular catheter (adjusted OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.4), urinary catheter (adjuster OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.6-3.4), and hospitalization in ICUs (adjusted OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-4.3). The results provide the first national estimates for Slovenia.
authors.affiliation: Irena Klavs, IPHRS, Trubarjeva 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. irena.klavs@ivz-rs.si
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klavs
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bufon Luznik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skerl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grgic-Vitek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lejko Zupanc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolinsek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prodan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vegnuti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kraigher
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arnez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017053:Infection Control; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D017524:Slovenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology