title: Islet cell autoantibodies in cord blood from children with blood group incompatibility or hyperbilirubinemia.
abstract: Blood group incompatibility is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that islet cell autoantibodies, as markers for beta cell autoimmunity, are increased in cord blood from newborns with a diagnosis of blood group incompatibility. Using the diagnosis register of the Malmö University Hospital we obtained cord blood from 151 children with ABO immunization, 311 children with hyperbilirubinemia and a control group of 320 other children born during the same time period. The cord blood samples were analyzed for islet cell antibodies (ICA) by indirect immunofluorescence and autoantibodies against the Islet Cell Antigen-2 (IA-2Ab) and the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) by standard radioligand binding assays. The prevalence of ICA was increased compared to controls (0.6%) not only in children with ABO immunization (4.0%, p = 0.02), but also in newborn children with hyperbilirubinemia (4.2%, p = 0.003). The prevalence of IA2Ab, but not of GAD65Ab, was increased in children with ABO immunization (3.3%) compared to the hyperbilirubinemia group without incompatibility (0.6%, p = 0.04), or the controls (0.3%, p = 0.02). Our findings that hyperbilirubinemia is associated with an increased prevalence of ICA, and blood group incompatibility with both ICA and IA-2, suggests that intra-uterine factors may be associated with islet cell autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: A Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elfving
authors.forename: Bengt A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landin-Olsson
authors.forename: Christine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hampe
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lernmark
authors.forename: Sten A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ivarsson
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001324:Autoantigens; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000276:immunology; D007567:Jaundice, Neonatal / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C024211:islet cell antibody; C516862:PTPRN protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2