title: Fate modeling of phenanthrene with regional variation in Tianjin, China.
abstract: A multimedia fate model with spatially resolved air and soil phases was developed and evaluated. The model was used for calculation of phenanthrene concentrations in air, water, soil, and sediment in Tianjin area and transport fluxes between the adjacent bulk phases under steady-state assumption. Both air and soil phases were divided into 3113 individual compartments of 4 km2 each to assess the spatial variation of phenanthrene concentrations and fluxes. Independently measured phenanthrene concentrations in air, water, and soil were used for model validation. The spatial variation in soil was validated using a set of measured phenanthrene concentrations of 188 surface soil samples collected from the area. Most data used either for model calculation or for model validation were collected during the last 5 years. As the results of the model validation, the calculated mean values for phenanthrene concentrations in various bulk phases are in fair agreement with those independently observed and are very close to those calculated using the model without spatial variation. The absolute difference between the calculated and the measured mean concentrations are 0.14, 0.48, and 0.13 log-units (mol/m3) for air, water, and soil, respectively. The spatial distribution patterns of phenanthrene in both air and soil were well modeled. Spatially, however, the model overestimated the soil phenanthrene level at low concentration range and underestimated it at high concentration range. The calculated distribution of phenanthrene in the air matches well with the emission from fossil fuel combustion, while the calculated distribution pattern in the soil is similar to that observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. taos@urban.pku.edu.cn
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wenxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bengang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Fuliu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Raymond M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Coveney
authors.forename: Weiran
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Baoping
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005544:Forecasting; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D017745:Incineration; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D010616:Phenanthrenes; C031181:phenanthrene