title: Inhibition of apoptosis by hyperbaric oxygen in a rat focal cerebral ischemic model.
abstract: The hypothesis was tested that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) reduced brain infarction by preventing apoptotic death in ischemic cortex in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and subsequently were exposed to HBO (2.5 atmospheres absolute) for 2 h, at 6 h after reperfusion. Rats were killed and brain samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 days after reperfusion. Neurologic deficits, infarction area, and apoptotic changes were evaluated by clinical scores, 2,3,7-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, caspase-3 expression, DNA fragmentation assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) costaining. In MCAO/R without HBO treatment animals, DNA fragmentation was observed in injured cortex at 24, 48, and 72 h but not in samples at 7 days after reperfusion. Double labeling of brain slides with NeuN and caspase-3 demonstrated neurons in the injured cortex labeled with caspase-3. TUNEL+H&E costaining revealed morphologic apoptotic changes at 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy abolished DNA fragmentation and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduced infarct area and improved neurologic scores at 7 days after reperfusion. One of the molecular mechanisms of HBO-induced brain protection is to prevent apoptosis, and this effect of HBO might preserve more brain tissues and promote neurologic functional recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Dali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Changman
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium; D020169:Caspases; D010100:Oxygen