title: Osteopathic manipulative treatment for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment as a complementary treatment for chronic nonspecific low back pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Osteopathic manipulative treatment may be useful for acute or subacute low back pain. However, its role in chronic low back pain is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  This trial was conducted in a university-based clinic from 2000 through 2001. Of the 199 subjects who responded to recruitment procedures, 91 met the eligibility criteria. They were randomized, with 82 patients completing the 1-month follow-up evaluation, 71 completing the 3-month evaluation, and 66 completing the 6-month evaluation. The subjects were randomized to osteopathic manipulative treatment, sham manipulation, or a no-intervention control group, and they were allowed to continue their usual care for low back pain. The main outcomes included the SF-36 Health Survey, a 10-cm visual analog scale for overall back pain, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, lost work or school days because of back pain, and satisfaction with back care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with the no-intervention control subjects, the patients who received osteopathic manipulative treatment reported greater improvements in back pain, greater satisfaction with back care throughout the trial, better physical functioning and mental health at 1 month, and fewer cotreatments at 6 months. The subjects who received sham manipulation also reported greater improvements in back pain and physical functioning and greater satisfaction than the no-intervention control subjects. There were no significant benefits with osteopathic manipulative treatment, as compared with sham manipulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteopathic manipulative treatment and sham manipulation both appear to provide some benefits when used in addition to usual care for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain. It remains unclear whether the benefits of osteopathic manipulative treatment can be attributed to the manipulative techniques themselves or whether they are related to other aspects of osteopathic manipulative treatment, such as range of motion activities or time spent interacting with patients, which may represent placebo effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, USA. jlicciar@hsc.unt.edu
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Licciardone
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: Kimberly G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Fulda
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swift
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D026301:Manipulation, Osteopathic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome