title: Optical coherence tomographic and angiographic findings of a case with subretinal toxocara granuloma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study a case with a subretinal Toxocara granuloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient with a exudative macular lesion, diagnosed as ocular toxocariasis, was examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography before and after systemic corticosteroid and anthelminthic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In OCT images, the macular granuloma initially appeared as a highly reflective mass protruding above the retinal pigment epithelium and showed dye leakage by angiography. Posttherapy, the lesion was no longer exudative, was less elevated, and was covered by the retinal pigment epithelium. There was reticular hyperfluorescence surrounded by a hypofluorescent rim in the angiograms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subretinal Toxocara granuloma may have a presentation similar to idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and should be included in the differential diagnosis of the idiopathic CNV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan. eyetomo@kenroku-kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashide
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akao
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shirao
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005369:Filaricides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007368:Interferometry / Q000379:methods; D008027:Light; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods; D014119:Toxocara / Q000276:immunology; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005369:Filaricides; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine; D011241:Prednisone