title: Overexpression of interleukin-4 in lungs of mice impairs elimination of Histoplasma capsulatum.
abstract: Protection against the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum requires Th1 cytokines. Since interleukin-4 (IL-4) can inhibit both Th1 cytokine production and activity, we examined the effects of overproduction of IL-4 in the lung on the course of pulmonary histoplasmosis. IL-4 lung transgenic mice manifested a higher fungal burden in their lungs, but not spleens, compared to wild-type infected controls. Despite the higher burden, the transgenic animals were ultimately capable of controlling infection. The adverse effects of IL-4 on H. capsulatum elimination were not observed during the early phase of infection (days 1 to 3) but were maximal at day 7 postinfection, prior to the induction of cell-mediated immunity. Analysis of total body and lung cytokine levels revealed that gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha production were not inhibited in the presence of excess IL-4. Our results with transgenic mice were supported by additional in vivo studies in which allergen induction of pulmonary IL-4 was associated with delayed clearance of H. capsulatum yeast and increased fungal burden. These findings demonstrate that excess production of endogenous IL-4 modulates protective immunity to H. capsulatum by delaying clearance of the organism but does not prevent the generation of a Th1 response that ultimately controls infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gildea
authors.forename: Reta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Fred D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Finkelman
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Deepe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001200:Ascaris / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D015847:Interleukin-4