title: An assessment of two Carpobrotus species extracts as potential antimicrobial agents.
abstract: For centuries, indigenous people in South Africa have used a variety of medicinal herbs to treat chronic infections. This investigation focused on two Carpobrotus species belonging to the family, Aizoaceae, in an attempt to assess their antimicrobial potential. Extracts of varying polarities of the plants were prepared and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium smegmatis. For the disc diffusion method, Ciprofloxacin (40 microg/disc) served as positive control for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and M. smegmatis, whereas amphotericin B (25 microg/disc) was the control for C. albicans. A sample concentration of 10 mg/ml was used. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by two-fold serial dilution. Phytochemical analysis was completed to test for the presence of flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, phytosterols and aromatic acids. The ethyl acetate extracts (21 microl of 95 mg/ml) were used for bio-autography, together with TLC analyses. Carpobrotus muirii and Carpobrotus quadrifidus showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and M. smegmatis in the disc diffusion method and inhibition against S. aureus and M. smegmatis was observed by clear zones on the TLC plate. This investigation confirms that extracts of these Carpobrotus species that are used as indigenous medicines, exhibit anti-bacterial activity. This scientific information can serve as an important platform for the development of inexpensive, safe and effective natural anti-infective medicines.
authors.affiliation: South African Traditional Medicines Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Springfield
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amabeoku
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mabusela
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D035723:Mesembryanthemum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013019:South Africa; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts