title: G protein-coupled receptor genes in the FANTOM2 database.
abstract: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of receptor proteins in mammals and play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Gene expression of GPCRs is temporally and spatially regulated, and many splicing variants are also described. In many instances, different expression profiles of GPCR gene are accountable for the changes of its biological function. Therefore, it is intriguing to assess the complexity of the transcriptome of GPCRs in various mammalian organs. In this study, we took advantage of the FANTOM2 (Functional Annotation Meeting of Mouse cDNA 2) project, which aimed to collect full-length cDNAs inclusively from mouse tissues, and found 410 candidate GPCR cDNAs. Clustering of these clones into transcriptional units (TUs) reduced this number to 213. Out of these, 165 genes were represented within the known 308 GPCRs in the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) resource. The remaining 48 genes were new to mouse, and 14 of them had no clear mammalian ortholog. To dissect the detailed characteristics of each transcript, tissue distribution pattern and alternative splicing were also ascertained. We found many splicing variants of GPCRs that may have a relevance to disease occurrence. In addition, the difficulty in cloning tissue-specific and infrequently transcribed GPCRs is discussed further.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9050, USA. Yuka.Kawasawa@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasawa
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Hidemasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D030541:Databases, Genetic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics; D044087:Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D044088:Receptors, Galanin; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C417003:C5aR2 protein, human; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C118065:G-protein-coupled receptor 34; C501953:GPR31 protein, human; C480827:GPR37 receptor, human; C501983:GPR83 protein, human; C501954:Gpr31 protein, mouse; C509804:Gpr37 protein, mouse; C501984:Gpr83 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D044087:Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D044088:Receptors, Galanin; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D018035:Receptors, Odorant; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins