Synchronization of the molecular clockwork by light- and food-related cues in mammals.
The molecular clockwork in mammals involves various clock genes with specific temporal expression patterns. Synchronization of the master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is accomplished mainly via daily resetting of the phase of the clock by light stimuli. Phase shifting responses to light are correlated with induction of Per1, Per2 and Dec1 expression and a possible reduction of Cry2 expression within SCN cells. The timing of peripheral oscillators is controlled by the SCN when food is available ad libitum. Time of feeding, as modulated by temporal restricted feeding, is a potent 'Zeitgeber' (synchronizer) for peripheral oscillators with only weak synchronizing influence on the SCN clockwork. When restricted feeding is coupled with caloric restriction, however, timing of clock gene expression is altered within the SCN, indicating that the SCN function is sensitive to metabolic cues. The components of the circadian timing system can be differentially synchronized according to distinct, sometimes conflicting, temporal (time of light exposure and feeding) and homeostatic (metabolic) cues.
Challet
Etienne
E
Laboratory of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7518), University Louis Pasteur, Neuroscience Federation (IFR37), 12 rue de l'université, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
Caldelas
Ivette
I
Graff
Caroline
C
Pévet
Paul
P
D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D056931:Cryptochromes; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D056931:Cryptochromes; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005420:Flavoproteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014157:Transcription Factors; C538961:Bmal1 protein, mouse; C538967:Cry2 protein, mouse; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; C119828:cry protein, Drosophila