title: A case-control study of female-to-female nonintimate violence in an urban area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics surrounding female-to-female nonpartner violence and to identify independent factors associated with risk of female-to-female intentional injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control investigation was conducted among women who resided in an urban, low-income community and presented for emergency department care for injuries inflicted by female nonpartners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were typically victimized by women they knew (88%), in outdoor locations (60%), and in the presence of others (91%). Those found to be at risk for injury typically were young and socially active, used marijuana, and had experienced other kinds of violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results showed that women injured by female nonpartners had limited resources, experienced disorder in their lives, and were the victims of violence within multiple relationships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Criminal Justice, Widener University, Chester, PA 19103-5792, USA. nbh0300@mail.widener.edu
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Hirschinger
authors.forename: Jeane Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grisso
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Kelly Farley
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: McCollum
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sammel
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brensinger
authors.forename: Elijah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019548:Crime Victims; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*