title: Role of the zygomaticofacial foramen in the orbitozygomatic craniotomy: anatomic report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevation of the lateral orbital rim and zygomatic arch during an orbitozygomatic craniotomy requires a bone cut across the zygoma, which commonly extends into the lateral edge of the inferior orbital fissure. The zygomaticofacial foramen has been identified as a superficial landmark for the cut that extends into the inferior orbital fissure. This study examined the usefulness of the zygomaticofacial foramen during orbitozygomatic craniotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred two dry hemicrania were used in this study. The zygomaticofacial foramen was considered to be related to the inferior orbital fissure when it was located on the zygoma in the area between lines extending in the medial-to-lateral direction along the long axis of the fissure and crossing the anterior and posterior ends of the lateral edge of the fissure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The zygomaticofacial foramen varied from being absent to representing as many as four small openings. A single foramen was observed in one-half of the specimens. Of the 115 zygomaticofacial foramina, 93 were related to the inferior orbital fissure. Among the 51 specimens with a single foramen, 49 foramina met the criteria for being related to the inferior orbital fissure; in those cases, there would have been no difference in the amount of bone resected using the inferior orbital fissure or the zygomaticofacial foramen as the landmark for the zygomatic cut.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The zygomaticofacial foramen was a reliable landmark for locating the inferior orbital fissure and making the cut across the zygoma in only 50% of the specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rhoton
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002508:Cephalometry; D003399:Craniotomy; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008442:Maxillary Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015050:Zygoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*