title: Measurement of intraperitoneal volume by segmental bioimpedance analysis during peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, ultrafiltration during peritoneal dialysis is determined from direct measurement of weight differences between the initial filling and final draining volumes. A new technique based on segmental bioimpedance analysis (SBIA) has been developed to accurately measure intraperitoneal volume continuously during peritoneal dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two peritoneal dialysis patients were studied in a supine position during peritoneal dialysis consisting of 4 tidal exchanges (TPD). For bioimpedance measurements, 4 electrodes were placed, 1 on each hand and foot, to inject an alternating current. Sensing electrodes were placed on the lower ribs and the buttocks on both sides of the body. Calibration of the SBIA method was performed by first filling a known volume of dialysate to establish the relationship between change in resistance and a known fluid volume in the peritoneal cavity. The increase of fluid volume in the peritoneal cavity during dwell time was considered to be equal to net ultrafiltration volume occurring during this period. These measurements were compared with those obtained by the difference in weight between the total filling and draining volumes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in intraperitoneal volumes measured by differences in weight (0.39 +/- 0.29 L) did not differ significantly from those established from SBIA (0.41 +/- 0.31 L). Bland-Altman analysis yielded limits of agreement of 0.12 L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SBIA technique provides a continuous noninvasive approach to the measurement of changes in intraperitoneal fluid volume.
authors.affiliation: Renal Research Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. fzhu@rriny.com
authors.forename: Fansan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hoenich
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaysen
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schneditz
authors.forename: Lola
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santacroce
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pangilinan
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gotch
authors.forename: Nathan W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000473:pathology*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions