title: Correlation of low back pain with functional status, general health perception, social participation, subjective happiness, and patient satisfaction.
abstract: METHODS
  A cross-sectional and epidemiologic study investigated low back pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the correlation among outcome measures for low back pain, including sciatica, according to a proposed low back pain-related model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Various outcome measures are used in low back pain research: pain, functional status, generic health status, and patient satisfaction. Correlation among these measures has been unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 816 subjects (369 men and 447 women; average age, 62 years) who underwent an adult medical examination. The patients were interviewed concerning their personal background, severity of low back pain and sciatica, functional status, general health perception, social participation, subjective happiness, and patient satisfaction. The correlation among these measures was analyzed systematically using path analysis based on a low back pain-related model hypothesizing that low back pain and sciatica worsen functional status and general health perception and then affect social participation, subjective happiness, and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restriction of functional status was found to be the most closely correlated with severity of low back pain. A decrease in physical health was most closely correlated with restriction of function. Social participation, subjective happiness, and patient satisfaction were closely correlated with physical health status. There was a significant correlation among outcome measures concerning physical health, which was consistent with a low back pain-related model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome measures concerning physical health in this study were found to be correlated significantly, consistent with the proposed low back pain-related model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan. yoshiaki@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeyachi
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzukamo
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile