title: Recombinant human prothrombin kringles have potent anti-angiogenic activities and inhibit Lewis lung carcinoma tumor growth and metastases.
abstract: Prothrombin, a protein involved in blood coagulation, is a plasma glycoprotein composed of the Gla domain, two adjacent kringle domains, and a serine protease domain. Kringles are triple-disulfide-loop folding domains, which are found in several other blood proteins. In this study, we showed that recombinant human prothrombin kringle-1, -2. and -1-2 (rk-1, -2, -1-2) all have potent anti-angiogenic activities, which inhibit Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor growth and metastases. Recombinant human prothrombin kringles were expressed by an E. coli expression system and purified to apparent homogeneity from crude E. coli extracts. Purified rk-1, -2, -1-2 migrated with a molecular mass of 14, 19, and 31 kDa, respectively, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions. rk-1, -2, -1-2 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on bFGF-stimulated bovine capillary endothelial cell growth with half-maximal concentrations (ED50) of approximately 41, 55, and 156 nM, respectively. All of the recombinant human prothrombin kringles also inhibited angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos at a dose of 20 microg. Systemic administration of rk-1, -2, -1-2 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day suppressed the growth of primary LLC and at dose of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg/day inhibited LLC metastases in C57BL6/J mice lungs through their anti-angiogenic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eunkyung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dongwon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jaebeum
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tai Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.forename: Soung S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002196:Capillaries / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018082:Kringles / Q000502:physiology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D017931:DNA Primers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D011516:Prothrombin