title: Effect of plasma micronutrients on clearance of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data have suggested that higher levels of nutrients are protective against HPV persistence and cervical neoplasia. This study assessed the role of circulating nutrients on clearance of oncogenic HPV infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were followed prospectively with visits at baseline and approximately 4- and 10-months post-baseline. At each visit, 15 oncogenic HPV types were determined. Plasma levels were assessed at the 4-month visit for retinol, carotenoids (i.e., alpha-, trans-beta-, cis-beta-carotene, alpha-, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, trans- and cis-lycopene), tocopherols (i.e., alpha-, delta-, and gamma-tocopherol), folate and vitamin B12. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, time to clearance analyses of oncogenic HPV infections were conducted for 84 women with at least one oncogenic infection at baseline. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated for the association of HPV clearance to each nutrient tertile and to determine linear trends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The likelihood of clearing an oncogenic HPV infection was significantly higher with increasing levels of trans-lycopene (p for trend, 0.025) and cis-lycopene (p for trend, 0.010). The adjusted hazard ratios of the highest tertiles of trans- and cis-lycopene were 2.79 (95% CI = 1.17-6.66) and 2.92 (95% CI = 1.28-6.63) compared with the lowest tertiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher concentrations of trans- and cis-lycopene may reduce the time to clearance of an oncogenic HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5024, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sedjo
authors.forename: Mary R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Papenfuss
authors.forename: Neal E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giuliano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000097:blood*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D024505:Tocopherols