title: Diagnostic accuracy of flow rate testing in urology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the importance of methodological standards in diagnostic testing in urology, by reviewing the extent of compliance with these standards in reports of published evaluations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen papers evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of urinary flow-rate testing were independently assessed by two reviewers for compliance with the following methodological standards: specification of study population, analysis of pertinent subgroups, avoidance of evaluation (verification) bias, avoidance of review bias, reporting of precision of estimates of test accuracy, indeterminate test results, and test reproducibility. Compliance with each standard was expressed as a percentage with a 95% confidence interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance ranged from just 12.5 (1.5-38)% for reporting of test reproducibility to 87.5 (62-98)% for specification of the study population. Only nine of the 16 evaluations complied with four or more of the methodological standards; one paper did not comply with any.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This evaluation of urological flow-rate testing show poor compliance with accepted methodological standards. The study design, reporting and evaluation of new diagnostic tests can be improved by adhering to these standards. Policy-makers, purchasers and providers would be less likely to adopt new diagnostic tests inappropriately if they were to appraise published evaluations against the standards. A reduction in the inappropriate use of tests would in turn lead to more cost-effective use of healthcare resources.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London Medical School, London, UK. hrhpatel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H R H
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Montes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emberton
mesh_terms: D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*