title: Influence of common variants in the CETP, LPL, HL and APO E genes on LDL heterogeneity in healthy, middle-aged men.
abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size is a genetically influenced trait associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigates the effects of genetic variation in plasma factors with important roles in lipoprotein metabolism on LDL heterogeneity. Common variants in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP-629C/A), lipoprotein lipase (LPL S447X), hepatic lipase (HL-480C/T) and apolipoprotein E (apoE e2/e3/e4) genes were studied in relation to LDL particle size distribution in 377 healthy, middle-aged men. A high-resolution polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis technique was used to measure plasma concentrations of four LDL subfractions. The CETP-629A and LPL 447X alleles were associated with moderately increased LDL peak particle size. In contrast, the apoE e4 allele was associated with a marked reduction in LDL peak particle size and an increased relative proportion and plasma concentration of small, dense LDL. An interaction between the HL-480C/T and apo E polymorphisms contributed significantly to increased plasma concentration of small, dense LDL (LDL-III) in HL-480T carriers. In summary, the investigated polymorphisms were associated with diverse effects on the LDL particle size distribution, consistent with respect to protein function and proposed association with CHD risk. The observed associations were further modulated by gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. camilla.andersson@medks.ki.se
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skoglund-Andersson
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ehrenborg
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olivecrona
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karpe
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C506642:CETP protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase