title: Hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates by nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases.
abstract: Diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnAs) act as extracellular signaling molecules in a broad variety of tissues. They were shown to be hydrolyzed by surface-located enzymes in an asymmetric manner, generating AMP and Apn-1 from ApnA. The molecular identity of the enzymes responsible remains unclear. We analyzed the potential of NPP1, NPP2, and NPP3, the three members of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family, to hydrolyze the diadenosine polyphosphates diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P3-triphosphate (Ap3A), diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P5-pentaphosphate, (Ap5A), and the diguanosine polyphosphate, diguanosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Gp4G). Each of the three enzymes hydrolyzed Ap3A, Ap4A, and Ap5A at comparable rates. Gp4G was hydrolyzed by NPP1 and NPP2 at rates similar to Ap4A, but only at half this rate by NPP3. Hydrolysis was asymmetric, involving the alpha,beta-pyrophosphate bond. ApnA hydrolysis had a very alkaline pH optimum and was inhibited by EDTA. Michaelis constant (Km) values for Ap3A were 5.1 micro m, 8.0 micro m, and 49.5 micro m for NPP1, NPP2, and NPP3, respectively. Our results suggest that NPP1, NPP2, and NPP3 are major enzyme candidates for the hydrolysis of extracellular diadenosine polyphosphates in vertebrate tissues.
authors.affiliation: AK Neurochemie, Biozentrum der J. W. Goethe-Universitaet, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vollmayer
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clair
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Goding
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Servos
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D015636:Magnesium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D004492:Edetic Acid; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C021899:nucleotide pyrophosphatase; D002122:Calcium Chloride