title: Ten-year survival after first-ever stroke in the perth community stroke study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very few studies have provided information regarding long-term prognosis after stroke. We aimed to determine the absolute and relative survival over 10 years among patients with first-ever stroke from a population-based study in Perth, Western Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  For a 12-month period beginning February 1989, all individuals with a suspected acute stroke or transient ischemic attack who were resident in a geographically defined and representative region of Perth, Western Australia, were registered prospectively and assessed according to standardized diagnostic criteria. Patients with a definite first-ever stroke were followed up prospectively at 4 months, 12 months, 5 years, and 10 years after the index event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 251 patients with first-ever stroke were registered, and 244 (97%) were followed up at 10 years, by which time 197 (79%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 74 to 84) had died. The major causes of death were the direct effects of the initial stroke (27%; 95% CI, 21 to 33) and cardiovascular disease (26%; 95% CI, 20 to 32). Among 1-year survivors of stroke, the average annual case fatality was 4.8%, which was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.9 to 2.7) times greater than for the general population of the same age and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One in 5 patients with first-ever stroke survived to 10 years. The average annual case fatality was 4.8% between years 1 and 10 after stroke, which was twice that expected for the general population. Vascular disease is the major cause of death among long-term survivors of stroke.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: Graeme J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hankey
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jamrozik
authors.forename: Robyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Broadhurst
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology