title: Highly sensitive indirect photometric detection of cations by capillary electrophoresis with the cationic dye chrysoidine.
abstract: The cationic dye, chrysoidine, has been used for the first time as a probe for the indirect photometric detection of cations. The dye has been used as a probe at concentrations of 5 mM, which is roughly an order of magnitude higher than for other cationic dyes used previously for the same purpose, in order to minimise electromigrational dispersion. Baseline instability was minimised by a combination of coating the capillary with poly(ethyleneimine), addition of a neutral polymer to the electrolyte, and the application of a small amount (20 mbar) of hydrodynamic pressure during the separation. Separation of a mixture containing alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals and lanthanides was achieved by the addition of 2-hydroxyisobutyric and lactic acid as complexing agents. Excellent peak shapes were observed over a wide range of analyte mobilities due to the moderate mobility of the probe. The high absorptivity (26733 l mol(-1) cm(-1)) provided by chrysoidine in comparison with typically used, less absorbing probes, was reflected in limits of detection which were typically less than 0.5 microM. These are amongst the lowest reported using hydrodynamic injection without the use of large volume stacking methods. The use of 2-hydroxyisobutyric and lactic acids as complexing agents at pH values close to their pKa values provided suitable buffering which was highlighted by very good reproducibility of migration time, corrected peak area and peak height.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macka
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002412:Cations / Q000032:analysis*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010783:Photometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D010128:p-Aminoazobenzene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002412:Cations; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; C005562:chrysoidine; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010128:p-Aminoazobenzene; C008039:2-hydroxyisobutyric acid