title: A phase II trial of arzoxifene, a selective estrogen response modulator, in patients with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine response rate and evaluate toxicity of LY353381 (arzoxifene) in patients with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer (EC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A phase II, open-labeled study with arzoxifene was performed at 13 centers. Patients with measurable recurrent/advanced EC not amenable to curative therapies were eligible if either the primary tumor or recurrent tumor was ER+ and/or PR+. If receptor status could not be determined, patients with well or moderately well-differentiated EC were also permitted. Prior use of salvage chemotherapy was not allowed; however, prior use of progestagens was permitted and patients were stratified by prior exposure to progestagen. Patients received 20 mg/day PO, and were treated for at least 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Efficacy was based on the frequency of complete (CR) and partial (PR) responses, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze time to progression and duration of response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From February 1999 through April 2001, 37 patients were entered of whom 34 received treatment. Efficacy was evaluated for the 29 patients who received at least 4 weeks of therapy and at least one tumor response assessment. Safety was assessed in all 34 patients who received any drug. Thirty patients were defined as progestagen sensitive, and 4 patients were defined as progestagen failures. Twenty-six patients were ER+, and 22 were PR+. Nine (1 CR + 8 PR) of 29 patients responded (31%, CI 25-51%), with a median duration of response of 13.9 months. All 9 responses occurred in progestagen-sensitive patients. Two additional patients (one from each progestagen cohort) had stable disease for >or=6 months. The median progression-free interval was 3.7 months (CI 1.9-6.6 months) for all 29 patients. Toxicity was minimal with no grade 3-4 toxic effects, and 9 patients had only grade 1-2 toxic effects (7 grade 1, 2 grade 2). Hot flashes were the most common toxic effect and, in all 3 reported cases, were grade 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arzoxifene has demonstrated a high response rate with the longest median duration of response reported in a phase II trial of this patient population. The ease of administration and extremely favorable toxicity profile make this an agent warranting further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA. scott-mcmeekin@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: D Scott
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: McMeekin
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melemed
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bloss
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sabbatini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013876:Thiophenes; C115121:LY 353381