Inflammatory markers in matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease.
It has been suggested that a number of molecules associated with inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We measured the levels of alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin (ACT), alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 141 patients with probable AD. We found a significant relationship between CSF and plasma levels of ACT (r = 0.4, p < 0.001), IL-6 (r = 0.74, p < 0.001), MCP-1 (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), and a borderline relationship between CSF and plasma oxLDL (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). In addition, linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between levels of CSF-ACT and oxLDL (p < 0.001), but an inverse relation between levels of CSF ACT, CSF AAT and MCP-1 (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was also found between levels of CSF ACT, oxLDL and the ratio of CSF to serum albumin, which is used as a measure of the blood-brain barrier function. Our data extend previous reports regarding the inflammatory markers in the plasma and CSF of patients with AD and provide good evidence that levels of ACT, IL-6, MCP-1 and oxLDL in plasma and CSF might be candidates as biomarkers for monitoring the inflammatory process in AD.
Sun
Yong-Xin
YX
Department of Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Minthon
L
L
Wallmark
A
A
Warkentin
S
S
Blennow
K
K
Janciauskiene
S
S
D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein