title: Influence of fructooligosaccharides on Peyer's patch lymphocyte numbers in healthy and endotoxemic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether fructooligosaccharides (FOS) exert an immunomodulating effect on Peyer's patches (PP), the main inductive site of the intestinal immune system. We investigated the effects of FOS in healthy and endotoxemic animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six-week-old female Balb/c mice were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 10% FOS over a period of 16 d. To induce endotoxemia, mice were challenged intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 15. PP were excised from mice, and lymphocyte subpopulations (B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, CD4(+) cells, and CD8(+) cells) were determined by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FOS-enriched diet increased the total cell yield in healthy and endotoxemic mice (P < 0.001). Similarly, B lymphocytes were increased in both groups (P < 0.001). In contrast, T lymphocytes were unaltered in healthy mice but increased in LPS-challenged mice after FOS enrichment (P < 0.001). In endotoxemic mice but not in control animals, the increase of CD4(+) cells (P < 0.001) was more pronounced than that of CD8(+) cells (P < 0.001), thus increasing the CD4:CD8 ratio (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FOS showed an immunostimulating effect on PP lymphocytes under healthy and endotoxemic conditions. Thus it can be concluded that FOS administration affects not only the large intestine but also the main inductive part of the mucosal immune system in the small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research, Vienna, Austria. nicole.manhart@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manhart
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spittler
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bergmeister
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittlböck
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; C116580:fructooligosaccharide