title: Role of endothelins in congestive heart failure.
abstract: Despite major advances in conventional medical therapy, patients with heart failure continue to experience significant morbidity and mortality. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasocontrictor and mitogenic peptide that is activated in heart failure. There is increasing experimental and clinical evidence in support of an important role of ET-1 in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Manipulation of the activity of ET-1, especially using endothelin receptor blockers, has allowed for the further elucidation of the role of this neurohormonal system and development of novel therapeutic strategies in heart failure. Published clinical studies of these agents to date have involved relatively small numbers of patients with severe heart failure, followed for a relatively short period of time, and have mainly examined surrogate endpoints. Large-scale trials that address to hard clinical outcomes are ongoing and their results forthcoming. A key question that remains concerns whether selective ETA or dual ETA-ETB receptor blockade will be more effective.
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. moegord@attglobal.net
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Quang T
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cernacek
authors.forename: Duncan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin