title: Release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases related to myocyte apoptosis in obstructed ureters in a rat model of obstructive uropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the roles of cytochrome c and caspases in the pathogenesis of muscular damage in obstructed ureters in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptotic cells were detected using in situ end-labelling of DNA fragments. The expression of cytochrome c, and caspases-3, -8 and -9 was examined in 54 rats, using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of ureteric smooth muscle damage increased during obstruction. Apoptotic myocytes, and the expression of cytochrome c and the three caspases in the smooth muscle layer were apparent 14 days after ligation, reaching a peak at 21 days. The numbers of apoptotic cells in the smooth muscle layer correlated significantly with expression of cytochrome c and the three caspases (r = 0.8673, 0.8701, 0.5723 and 0.7910, respectively; all P < 0.01). The expression of cytochrome c in the smooth muscle layer correlated significantly with the expression of the three caspases (r = 0.8234, 0.7558 and 0.7825, respectively; all P < 0.001). The expression of caspase-3 and -8, and -3 and -9 also correlated significantly (r = 0.6721 and 0.8501, respectively; both P < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytochrome c and caspases are involved in ureteric myocyte apoptosis; the release of cytochrome c might be important in ureteric damage during obstructive uropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: W-L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: S-P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D023421:Models, Animal; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D020169:Caspases