title: Therapeutic options in advanced heart failure.
abstract: Treatment of advanced heart failure is usually a challenge. The successful use of beta-blockers to alleviate mild to moderate symptoms of cardiac dysfunction suggests that even severe cases of heart failure may be reversible. Transplantation remains the only sure way to obtain a fully functional heart, but new medications, mechanical devices, and surgical procedures could eventually prove to be alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Balke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freudenberger
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000367:Age Factors; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000075202:Contraindications; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D014665:Vasodilator Agents