title: Bi-weekly epirubicin, etoposide and low-dose dexamethasone for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy and favorable toxicity profile of chemotherapy regimens given at lower doses and frequent intervals. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a bi-weekly chemohormonal regimen consisting of epirubicin, etoposide, and low-dose dexamethasone (EED) in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated a total of 32 patients who had failed hormonal therapy and antiandrogen withdrawal. Chemotherapy was given every 2 weeks and consisted of epirubicin (30 mg/m2 intravenously, day 1) and etoposide (50 mg/m2 orally, days 1-7). Dexamethasone (1.5 mg orally, every other day) was given continuously until disease progression. Twenty patients (63%) had received prior treatment with estramustine phosphate. Each patient's pain response was evaluated according to analgesic use. Toxicity was graded using the Common Toxicity Criteria (version 2.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels showed a decline of 50% or greater in 16 of 32 patients (50%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 32-68%) with a median time to biochemical progression of 5 months (range, 4-9 months). The median survival for all patients was 10.5 months (range, 3-35 months). Four of 10 patients (40%) with measurable soft tissue lesions achieved partial response according to standard criteria. Eleven of 23 symptomatic patients (48%, 95% CI, 27-69%) experienced an improvement in pain with a median duration of 6 months. The regimen was tolerated well by the patients, with only four patients (12%) having grade 3 leukopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemohormonal EED regimen proved to be active and well-tolerated in patients with HRPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. odrazka@fnhk.cz
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odrazka
authors.forename: Miloslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaculikova
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petera
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moravek
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prosvic
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zoul
authors.forename: Lubos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rydel
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brodak
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Veselsky
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Louda
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simakova
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D015251:Epirubicin; D005047:Etoposide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen