Cervical cancer vaccines: recent advances in HPV research.
Carcinomas of the anogenital tract, particularly cancer of the cervix, account for almost 12% of all cancers in women, and so represent the second most frequent gynecological malignancy in the world (48). It is well established that chronic infection of cervical epithelium by human papillomaviruses (HPV) is necessary for the development of cervical cancer. In fact, HPV DNA has been demonstrated in more than 99.7% of cervical cancer biopsy specimens, with high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 sequences being most prevalent (45,73). Therefore, an effective vaccine that would mount an immune response against HPV-related proteins might contribute to the prevention or elimination of HPV expressing lesions. This review will concentrate on the most recent advances in vaccine-mediated prevention and immunotherapy of HPV-induced cervical cancer, including presentations from the 20(th) International HPV Conference held in October 2002 in Paris.
Eiben
Gretchen L
GL
Cancer Immunology Program, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
da Silva
Diane M
DM
Fausch
Steven C
SC
Le Poole
I Caroline
IC
Nishimura
Michael I
MI
Kast
W Martin
WM
D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology
D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines