title: A novel surveillance protocol for stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of a novel surveillance policy for stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1978 and 2000, 132 patients (median age 28 years, range 16-52) who were regularly followed were included in a new surveillance policy. All pathology specimens were studied retrospectively by the same pathologist for embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumour and lymphovascular invasion components. A loose surveillance protocol was designed in which computed tomography (CT) was used only for the first year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (range) follow-up was 38 (6-265) months; the relapse rate was 24% and all occurred before 23 months, with 87% diagnosed within the first year. Platinum-based chemotherapy was given to patients with relapse, and surgery used after chemotherapy in seven. Among all the risk factors, an embryonal carcinoma component was the only significant predictor of relapse. The overall survival rate was 99%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of embryonal carcinoma in the primary pathology is the only risk factor determining the relapse rate of the present surveillance policy for stage I NSGCTs. The overall survival was no different from those reported for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and primary chemotherapy. Decreasing the frequency of CT in the first year and totally eliminating it after 1 year reduces the cost of surveillance. The possible compliance problems of patients are also minimized, without changing the overall survival. This surveillance protocol for patients with stage I NSGCT has reduced costs and provided a better quality of life for the patients, without jeopardizing the final outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atsü
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eskiçorapçi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Güngen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erkan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Uygur
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*