title: A case-controlled study of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the detection of pelvic recurrence in previously irradiated rectal cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although effective at detecting locally recurrent colorectal cancer, the accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detecting rectal cancer recurrence in an irradiated pelvis has not been systematically studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of surgically resected rectal cancer patients who underwent FDG-PET imaging at least 6 months after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) were reviewed. Cases (n = 19) were defined as scans from patients in whom a pelvic recurrence was confirmed (histologically, n = 14, radiologic followup, n = 5). Controls (n = 41), defined as scans from patients without clinical or radiologic evidence of pelvic recurrence, were compared with cases for the time interval between completion of EBRT and FDG-PET imaging (RT/PET interval, mean 25.1 months versus 27.5 months, respectively), as well as EBRT dose (mean 5,084 cGy versus 5,062 cGy, respectively). All 60 FDG-PET scans were iteratively reconstructed and reinterpreted by a single nuclear medicine physician blinded to original FDG-PET interpretation and disease status. Certainty of disease was scored on a five-point scale (1 to 5), with scores greater than or equal to 4 considered positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FDG-PET correctly identified 16 of 19 recurrences, for a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 88%. Overall accuracy was 87%. Positive predictive value was 76% and negative predictive value was 92%. Positive predictive value and accuracy improved in scans performed more than 12 months after EBRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary data suggest that FDG-PET is an accurate modality for detecting pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer after full-dose EBRT. Its reliability appears to improve with time, perhaps because of resolution of early postradiation inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Harvey G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akhurst
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Minsky
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazumdar
authors.forename: Jose G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Guillem
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18