title: Placental growth factor, a member of the VEGF family, contributes to the development of choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  VEGF has been shown to be necessary, but not sufficient alone, for the development of subretinal pathologic angiogenesis. In the current study, the influence of placental growth factor (PlGF), a member of the VEGF family, in human and experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of VEGF family member mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR in neovascular membranes extracted during surgery. The spatial and temporal pattern of VEGF isoforms and PlGF mRNA expression were explored by using the laser capture catapulting technique and RT-PCR in a murine laser-induced model and in vitro. PlGF expression was also studied in human donor eyes. The influence of endogenous PlGF was evaluated in deficient mice (PlGF(-/-)) and by antibody-mediated neutralization of the PlGF receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human neovascular membranes consistently expressed VEGF-A, -B, and -C; PlGF; and VEGFR-1 and -2. The VEGF(120) isoform mRNA was primarily induced in early stages of angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. PlGF mRNA expression was present in the intact choroid and significantly upregulated during the course of experimental CNV. Both deficient PlGF expression in PlGF(-/-) mice and PlGF receptor neutralization in wild-type mice prevented the development of choroidal neovascularization induced by laser.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations demonstrate the participation of PlGF in experimental CNV. They identify therefore PlGF as an additional promising target for ocular antiangiogenic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium. jmrakic@chu.ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rakic
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Devy
authors.forename: Aernout
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luttun
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
authors.forename: Carel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foidart
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munaut
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; C000608036:PGF protein, human; C000608037:Pgf protein, mouse; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2