title: Large-array surface electromyography in low back pain: a pilot study.
abstract: METHODS
  A large-array surface electromyography device was used to collect data from healthy pain-free persons and from those with acute or chronic low back pain. Images of regional muscle electromyographic activity were assessed visually, and maximum root mean square values were compared statistically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether data differs by patient type.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Whereas there is a good understanding of the anatomy and psychosocial aspects of low back pain, there is a need to understand better the physiology of low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large-array surface electromyography data were collected from the low back muscles of 201 participants over a 3-month period using a 63-electrode fixed array and a standardized protocol. Color images representing the voltage root mean square difference of each electrode pair were created. Three images from each of three positions (standing upright, standing in 20 degrees of trunk flexion, standing holding weights) were collected from each participant. Serial studies were performed on the acute population over a 6-week follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Images of regional muscle activity from 92.7% of normal controls (n = 163) showed symmetrical activity. Patients with acute (n = 13) or chronic (n = 25) low back pain had multifocal and/or asymmetrical patterns. Symmetrical patterns returned in the three patients whose acute pain resolved during the study. Maximum root mean square values were higher among patients with acute (P = 0.03) and chronic (P = 0.04) pain than among control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large-array surface electromyography produced data from patients with back pain that differed from data on subjects without back pain. This method may be useful in evaluating patients with low back pain.
authors.affiliation: Ashland Industrial Medicine Services, Case Western Reserve University, USA. mfinneran@aol.com
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Finneran
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazanec
authors.forename: Marian E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Marsolais
authors.forename: Ernest B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Marsolais
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Pease
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results