title: Evaluating health plan quality 2: survey design principles for measuring health plan quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop principles for measuring the quality of specific health plans from a physician's perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review, expert review, cognitive interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a literature review on the use of physician surveys about managed care to determine the contributions and weaknesses of those surveys. Then, an expert review of prior survey efforts to measure health plan quality from the physician's perspective was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A survey instrument based on a conceptual model of health plan quality was developed. Its purpose was to measure health plan quality from the physician's perspective. Principles for surveying physicians guided the structure of the survey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survey instruments can be designed to take into account a physician's unique perspective on health plan quality and can include measures that control for potential biases such as anti-managed care bias.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Services Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn 55455, USA. whole001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wholey
authors.forename: Jon B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Christianson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rockwood
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Warrick
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D008330:Management Audit / Q000379:methods; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States