title: Impaired sequence learning in carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation.
abstract: Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that nonmanifesting carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation express an abnormal pattern of resting glucose metabolism. To determine whether motor behavior is impaired in these subjects, we compared movement and sequence learning in 12 clinically unaffected DYT1 carriers with 12 age-matched controls. Regional differences in brain function during task performance were assessed with simultaneous H(2) (15)O/PET. We found that motor performance was similar in the DYT1 and control groups, with no significant differences in movement time and spatial accuracy measured during each of the tasks. In contrast, sequence learning was reduced in gene carriers relative to controls (p < 0.01). PET imaging during motor execution showed increased activation in gene carriers (p < 0.001, uncorrected) in the left premotor cortex and right supplementary motor area, with concomitant reduction in the posterior medial cerebellum. During sequence learning, activation responses in DYT1 carriers were increased in the left ventral prefrontal cortex, and lateral cerebellum. These findings suggest that abnormalities in motor behavior and brain function exist in clinically nonmanifesting DYT1 carriers. Although localized increases in neural activity may enable normal movement execution in these subjects, this mechanism may not compensate for their defect in sequence learning.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 11030, USA. david1@nshs.edu
authors.forename: Maria-Felice
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ghilardi
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carbon
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagliati
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bressman
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eidelberg
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004421:Dystonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011897:Random Allocation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; C108175:TOR1A protein, human; D005947:Glucose