title: Training subspecialty nurses in developing countries: methods, outcome, and cost.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As infections are controlled in developing countries, other pediatric subspeciality programs such as oncology become increasingly important. A major impediment to the development of such programs is a lack of trained nurses. Therefore, education of pediatric subspecialty nurses becomes a priority.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe three models we have used for education of pediatric oncology nurses: a short series of classes or lectures with additional training of key nurses, an expanded 12 week series of classes at centers combining didactic and clinical instruction and a regional residential school offering regular 12 week courses in theory and clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cost analysis showed that the cost per nurse trained was, respectively, 3,700; 4,350; and 5,500 US dollars. Early effectiveness indicators show that retention rates are high, home institutions are satisfied, and nurses trained shared their knowledge with other nurses and improved nursing practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Programs to teach subspecialty nursing in developing countries are effective and can improve medical care. Such programs should be based on past experience and evaluated as to cost and effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: International Outreach Program and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA. judith.wilimas@stjude.org
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wilimas
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: Georgette
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chammas
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouladi
authors.forename: Lynne J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Raul C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D007391:International Cooperation; D007843:Latin America; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009018:Morocco; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000193:education; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000193:education