title: Body sway, aim point fluctuation and performance in rifle shooters: inter- and intra-individual analysis.
abstract: In this study, we examined the relationships between body sway, aim point fluctuation and performance in rifle shooting on an inter- and intra-individual basis. Six elite shooters performed 20 shots under competition conditions. For each shot, body sway parameters and four aim point fluctuation parameters were quantified for the time periods 5 s to shot, 3 s to shot and 1 s to shot. Three parameters were used to indicate performance. An AMTI LG6-4 force plate was used to measure body sway parameters, while a SCATT shooting analysis system was used to measure aim point fluctuation and shooting performance. Multiple regression analysis indicated that body sway was related to performance for four shooters. Also, body sway was related to aim point fluctuation for all shooters. These relationships were specific to the individual, with the strength of association, parameters of importance and time period of importance different for different shooters. Correlation analysis of significant regressions indicated that, as body sway increased, performance decreased and aim point fluctuation increased for most relationships. We conclude that body sway and aim point fluctuation are important in elite rifle shooting and performance errors are highly individual-specific at this standard. Individual analysis should be a priority when examining elite sports performance.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Unit, Victoria University, PO Box 14425, Melbourne, MCMC 8001, Australia. kevin_ball@fremantlefc.com.au
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Tim V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Wrigley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013223:Statistics as Topic