title: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit in a liver transplant recipient.
abstract: Although an increased incidence of de novo malignancies is reported in transplant recipients, rhabdomyosarcoma, an aggressive mesenchymal tumor typical of childhood, is not considered a neoplasm commonly related to immunosuppression. A 21-year-old woman presented with unilateral diplopia and proptosis 16 months after liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. A tumoral mass originating from the medial rectus muscle was partially removed and diagnosed as being an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Since the patient refused complete orbital excision, one course of radiotherapy and six courses of chemotherapy were administered, while immunosuppression was re-modulated, without interruption of the administration of cyclosporine. Complete control of tumor growth was achieved, while no alterations of graft function were observed throughout the treatment period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cescon
authors.forename: Gian Luca
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Grazi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Assietti
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scanni
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frigerio
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sparacio
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ercolani
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavallari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012086:Reoperation; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome