title: Experimental lung preservation with Perfadex: effect of the NO-donor nitroglycerin on postischemic outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optimal preservation of postischemic graft function is essential in lung transplantation. Antegrade flush perfusion with modified Euro-Collins solution represents the standard technique worldwide. However, growing evidence suggests the superiority of extracellular-type Perfadex solution (Vitrolife AB, Gothenburg, Germany) over Euro-Collins solution. During ischemia and reperfusion, endogenous pulmonary nitric oxide synthesis is decreased, and therefore therapeutic stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway might be beneficial in ameliorating ischemia-reperfusion damage. However, research mainly focuses on nitric oxide supplementation of intracellular solutions, and no studies exist in which the effect of nitroglycerin on Perfadex preservation quality is evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight rat lungs each were preserved with Perfadex solution with or without nitroglycerin (0.1 mg/mL) and compared with low-potassium Euro-Collins solution. Postischemic lungs were reventilated and reperfused, and oxygenation capacity, pulmonary vascular resistance, and peak inspiratory pressures were monitored continuously. Stereological analysis was used for evaluation of pulmonary edema and assessment of the vasculature. Statistics were performed by using different analysis of variance models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oxygenation capacity of the Perfadex-preserved groups was higher compared with that of the low-potassium Euro-Collins solution group (P <.03). By using nitroglycerin, flush-perfusion time was reduced, and Perfadex solution with nitroglycerin-protected lungs showed superior oxygenation capacity compared with that seen in Perfadex solution-protected organs (P <.01). Furthermore, pulmonary vascular resistance and peak inspiratory pressures were improved in the nitroglycerin group (P <.01). Stereology revealed comparable intrapulmonary edema between groups and a trend toward less vasoconstricted vasculature in Perfadex with nitroglycerin-protected lungs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perfadex solution provides superior lung preservation in terms of postischemic oxygenation capacity than Euro-Collins solution. Supplementation of the nitric oxide pathway by nitroglycerin further enhances functional outcome of Perfadex-preserved organs and might be an easily applicable tool in clinical lung transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany. Th.Wittwer-MD@t-online.de
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wittwer
authors.forename: Johannes M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Albes
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fehrenbach
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pech
authors.forename: Ulrich F W
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wahlers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002951:Citrates; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion; D014021:Tissue Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; C037096:Euro-Collins' solution; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; C070005:Perfadex; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D010100:Oxygen