title: Decreased antioxidant activity in hypercholesterolemic children with nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to estimate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and main antioxidant enzyme activity in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in a group of 82 children with NS, age 4-16 years (mean 7.4). Of these, 59 with a first episode formed group I, and 23 children in remission (>6 months, with no immunosuppressive treatment) formed group II. TAS was estimated using the two-reagent Randox Total Antioxidant Status test in plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAS was significantly reduced in group I compared to controls (0.77+/-0.14 mmol/l vs. 1.18+/-0.42 mmol/l; p<0.001). The TAS level was more reduced in those patients with higher total cholesterol (TChol) and low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol). In children from group I the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) was lower than in the controls (8.10+/-2.40 U/g Hb vs. 10.55+/-3.81 U/g Hb, p<0.001) and similarly the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was lower in group I compared to controls (28.65+/-6.99 U/g Hb vs. 33.84+/-13.11 U/g Hb, p=0.010). There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity between the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced antioxidant activity may be related to lipid abnormalities in NS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical University, Poznań, Poland. zachwiej@mp.pl
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zachwieja
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bobkowski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobrowolska-Zachwieja
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaniew
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012016:Reference Values; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001798:Blood Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase