title: Degradation and toxicity reduction of textile dyestuff by ultrasound.
abstract: Degradability of four textile dyes was investigated in deionized water solutions during 520 kHz ultrasonic irradiation. It was found that for all dyes, the rate of color decay was first order in the visible absorption of the dye, and related to the type of functional groups that characterized the chromophore in the dye molecules. The destruction of aromatic/olefinic carbons in azo dyes was slower than that of color--to be attributed to the priority of hydroxyl radical attack on the N=N bonds, and to the formation of numerous oxidation intermediates of organic character during the course of dye degradation. Toxicity analysis of the dye solutions prior to sonolysis revealed that "reactive" dyes were non-toxic, but "basic" ones were toxic at the test concentrations employed in the study. Significant degrees of toxicity reduction were accomplished along with color and aromatic carbon degradation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 80815 Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tezcanli-Guyer
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ince
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D007700:Kinetics; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D010078:Oxazines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013783:Textile Industry; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D010078:Oxazines; D002244:Carbon