title: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis in cystic echinococcosis: immunological characterization.
abstract: We report the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of a woman suffering from cystic echinococcosis of the liver, who consequently developed urticaria and acute generalized exanthematous pustolosis (AGEP). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG4 specific to Echinococcus granulosus antigens were detected by immunoblotting. Furthermore, the intracellular cytokine analysis revealed a prevalent T-helper 2 polarization. It can be reasoned that, while the presence of IgE specific to various E. granulosus allergens may be responsible for the chronic urticarial manifestations, the detection of IgG4 specific for E. granulosus antigens, forming immunocomplexes, may be related to the development of the AGEP.
authors.affiliation: S Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Via Chianesi, 53 00144 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cannistraci
authors.forename: I L L A
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Parola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: RiganO
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bassetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortona
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picardo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siracusano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004444:Echinococcosis, Hepatic / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D005076:Exanthema / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D012876:Skin Diseases, Parasitic / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D012872:Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D014581:Urticaria / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines