title: A new echocardiographic approach in assessing pulmonary vascular bed in patients with congenital heart disease: pulmonary artery stiffness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The state of pulmonary vascular bed in congenital heart disease is the predictor of the patients clinical condition, prognosis and outcome of surgical intervention. This study aims to investigate the condition of pulmonary vascular bed analyzing pulmonary artery stiffness by means of Doppler echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients (16 females, mean age 26+/-15 years) with various congenital heart diseases such as atrial septal defect (20 patients), ventricular septal defect (10 patients), patent ductus arteriosus (2 patients), atrioventricular septal defect (1 patient) were enrolled in this study. Systemic flow (Qs), pulmonary flow (Qp), systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance were calculated according to Fick method by using data obtained during left and right heart catheterization. Echocardiographically, pulmonary artery stiffness (PAS) was calculated by using maximal frequency shift (MFS) and acceleration time (AcT) of the pulmonary artery flow trace. PAS (kHz/sec)= MFS/AcT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Invasively, the average Qp/Qs, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance were found as 2.58+/-1.25, 25+/-20 mmHg, and 135+/-217 dyn.sec.cm-5, respectively. Echocardiographically, PAS was found to be 33+/-17 kHz/sec. Pulmonary artery stiffness was correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r=0.63; p<0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.55, p<0.001), while no relation was found with Qp/Qs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimation of pulmonary artery stiffness by using pulmonary flow maximal frequency shift and acceleration time obtained by means of Doppler echocardiography may give us an idea about the state of pulmonary vascular bed.
authors.affiliation: Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Cardiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey. sevket5@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sevket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Görgülü
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Nevzat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: Seden
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dağdeviren
authors.forename: Zekeriya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nurkalem
authors.forename: Bayram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bağirtan
authors.forename: Tuna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tezel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance