title: Long-term results of three-dimensional conformal adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in the adjuvant and salvage setting after radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 1997, 38 patients received adjuvant 3D-CRT, with a median time from RP to 3D-CRT of 2.8 months, and 57 patients were treated with salvage RT for a rising prostate-specific antigen with a median time to 3D-CRT of 27.7 months. The median radiation dose was 64.8 Gy. The median follow-up from completion of RT was 7.0 years (range 1.0 to 14.2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the 8-year actuarial rate of biochemical disease-free survival was 40% in all patients. The 8-year biochemical disease-free survival rate was 45% (standard error [SE] 8%) and 30% (SE 7%) for the adjuvant and salvage group, respectively, from RT completion. When measured from the date of RP, the 5 and 8-year biochemical disease-free survival rate for salvage radiotherapy was 58% and 37%, respectively. The corresponding results for adjuvant RT were similar at 53% and 45%. On multivariate analysis, the Gleason score was the only prognostic factor predictive of prostate-specific antigen failure in the salvage group. No prognostic factor was significant in the adjuvant group. The prevalence of major complications after 3D-CRT was low using physician-reported data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term biochemical control can be achieved in both adjuvant and salvage settings. For patients receiving salvage RT, a Gleason score greater than 7 was predictive of prostate-specific antigen failure. Prospective trials are needed to improve further on these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsien
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sanda
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montie
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hayman
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen