title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of cholesteatoma in pediatric and adult patients who have undergone middle ear surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective study was to determine the role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging combined with conventional MR imaging for the detection of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma in patients who have undergone middle ear surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients who had undergone resection of cholesteatoma were referred for MR imaging. MR imaging (1.5 T) was performed using a diffusion-weighted single-shot spin-echo echoplanar sequence, a proton density and T2-weighted double-echo turbo spin-echo sequence, and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences before and after IV injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol/kg of body weight). An experienced reviewer evaluated the diffusion-weighted MR images for the presence of a high-signal-intensity cholesteatoma. Imaging findings were correlated with findings from surgery in 17 patients and with findings from clinical follow-up examination in five patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging combined with conventional MR imaging depicted 10 of 13 cholesteatomas (sensitivity, 77%). The three lesions that were missed were smaller than 5 mm. All the MR images of patients without cholesteatoma were correctly interpreted as showing negative findings for cholesteatoma (specificity, 100%). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 75%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diffusion-weighted MR imaging combined with conventional MR imaging can confirm residual or recurrent cholesteatoma in patients who have undergone middle ear surgery by showing a high-signal-intensity lesion. Because tumors smaller than 5 mm may be missed, a diffusion-weighted MR imaging study with negative findings does not exclude small residual or recurrent cholesteatoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aikele
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kittner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Offergeld
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaftan
authors.forename: K-B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hüttenbrink
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laniado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA