title: Cyclosporin A inhibits thyroid hormone-induced shortening of the tadpole tail through membrane permeability transition.
abstract: Regression of the tadpole tail through muscule cell apoptosis is one of the most spectacular events in amphibian metamorphosis. Accumulated evidence has shown that mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) plays a crucial role in apoptosis. Previously we reported that cyclosporin A (CsA) suppressed 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3))-induced mitochondrial swelling, which was coupled with cytochrome c (Cyt.c) release through MPT [Comp. Biochem. Phys. 130 (2001) 411-418]. To further clarify the mechanism of tadpole metamorphosis, the present study investigates the effect of CsA on T(3) induced tadpole tail shortening. A low concentration of T(3) (5 x 10(-8) M) was found to induce a shortening of stage X Rana rugosa tadpole tails, accompanied by an increase in caspase-3- and -9 like protease activity, as well as an increase in DNA-fragmentation and ladder formation, while CsA was seen to suppress the effects of T(3). The stage X tadpole tail was found to express Bax mRNA and this expression was not affected by T(3) treatment. CsA, on the other hand, proved to have a slightly supressive effection on Bax expression. 20 microM T(3) as well as 50 microM Ca(2+) induced swelling in mitochondria isolated from the liver of R. rugosa resulting in the release of apoptosis related substances, and the released fraction activated cytosolic caspase-3 and -9 in the presence of dATP. This result indicated that Cyt.c might be released from mitochondria by treatment with T(3) through both direct and indirect action of T(3). From these results and other data it was concluded that mitochondrial MPT plays an important role in T(3)-induced apoptosis in the tadpole tail, resulting in tail shortening, and CsA was seen to suppress the effects of T(3).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsu
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Eisuke F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsumi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000254:growth & development*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D008933:Mitochondrial Swelling / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013623:Tail / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D007473:Ion Channels; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D016572:Cyclosporine; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D002118:Calcium