title: Ice nucleation inhibition: mechanism of antifreeze by antifreeze protein.
abstract: The effect of antifreeze protein type III (one type of fish antifreeze protein) on ice crystallization was examined quantitatively based on a "micro-sized ice nucleation" technique. It was found for the first time that antifreeze proteins can inhibit the ice nucleation process by adsorbing onto both the surfaces of ice nuclei and dust particles. This leads to an increase of the ice nucleation barrier and the desolvation kink kinetics barrier, respectively. Based on the latest nucleation model, the increases in the ice nucleation barrier and the kink kinetics barrier were measured. This enables us to quantitatively examine the antifreeze mechanism of antifreeze proteins for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xiang Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Choy Leong
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hew
mesh_terms: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D021343:Antifreeze Proteins, Type III / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D005615:Freezing; D007053:Ice; D007700:Kinetics; D015233:Models, Statistical; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D021343:Antifreeze Proteins, Type III; D007053:Ice; D014867:Water