title: Combined effects of cyclosporin and nifedipine on gingival overgrowth in rats is not age dependent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclosporin A and nifedipine cause gingival overgrowth in rat, and the combined use of these drugs increases the overgrowth severity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare gingival overgrowth of rats of differents ages treated with cyclosporin A and nifedipine alone or given concurrently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats 15, 30, 60 and 90 d old were treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of cyclosporin A and/or 50 mg/kg body weight of nifedipine in the chow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young rats showed evident gingival overgrowth with nifedipine, cyclosporin A, and cyclosporin A and nifedipine given concurrently. Adult rats did not show significant gingival alterations when treated with cyclosporin A and nifedipine alone. Nevertheless evident gingival overgrowth with alterations of the epithelium and connective tissue were observed when treated simultaneously with cyclosporin A and nifedipine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the combined effects of cyclosporin A and nifedipine on gingival overgrowth in rat is not age dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Dental School, Araraquara, University of State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. lcs@foar.unesp.br
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Spolidorio
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spolidorio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009543:Nifedipine