title: Scaling images using their background ratio. An application in statistical comparisons of images.
abstract: Comparison of two medical images often requires image scaling as a pre-processing step. This is usually done with the scaling-to-the-mean or scaling-to-the-maximum techniques which, under certain circumstances, in quantitative applications may contribute a significant amount of bias. In this paper, we present a simple scaling method which assumes only that the most predominant values in the corresponding images belong to their background structure. The ratio of the two images to be compared is calculated and its frequency histogram is plotted. The scaling factor is given by the position of the peak in this histogram which belongs to the background structure. The method was tested against the traditional scaling-to-the-mean technique on simulated planar gamma-camera images which were compared using pixelwise statistical parametric tests. Both sensitivity and specificity for each condition were measured over a range of different contrasts and sizes of inhomogeneity for the two scaling techniques. The new method was found to preserve sensitivity in all cases while the traditional technique resulted in significant degradation of sensitivity in certain cases.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK. akalemis@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalemis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Binnie
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flower
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ott
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique