title: [Obstetric complications and risk of schizophrenia. An association appears undisputed, yet mechanisms are still unknown].
abstract: This paper reviews the literature on obstetric complications (e.g. premature births and hypoxia at birth) and the later development of schizophrenia. Some forty studies and two meta-analyses are summarised concerning methods and results. The balance of evidence today supports an association between obstetric complications at different points of time: during foetal life, delivery, as well as during neonatal life. This is supported by other studies of early life risk factors, e.g. infections, maternal stress and famine. Presuming there is a causal relationship, the results may support the view that various underlying "mechanisms" may be associated with schizophrenia. On the other hand this does not exclude a final common pathway. One candidate, among others, is the deleterious effects of hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, and hyperbilirubinaemia on the NMDA-receptors. To further understand how the factors are related, the statistical models in epidemiological research have to be improved and co-operation with other disciplines such as neuropathology and genetics is a necessity.
authors.affiliation: christina.dalman@smd.sll.se
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalman
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate