title: Operational note effects of fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin against larval Anopheles quadrimaculatus and nontarget aquatic mosquito predators in Arkansas small rice plots.
abstract: The effects of fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin, applied at rates labeled for control of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, on 3 nontarget indigenous insect species in Arkansas rice are described. Three replicates of untreated control checks and fipronil- and lambda-cyhalothrin-treated plots containing 3 sentinel cages each were performed. Ten 4th-stage larvae of Anopheles quadrimaculatus, 10 adult Tropisternus lateralis, or 10 adult Notonecta indica were placed within individual cages in small rice plots treated with ICON 6.2 FS (fipronil) at 0.025 lb active ingredient (AI)/acre (0.028 kg/ha) or KARATEZ 2.08 CS (lambda-cyhalothrin) at 0.03 lb AI/acre (0.033 kg/ha) applied over vegetation and water with a single-boom sprayer. At 24 h after treatment in fipronil plots, significantly higher control of An. quadrimaculatus and T. lateralis (69 and 48% control, respectively) was achieved, compared to N. indica (18%). In lambda-cyhalothrin plots 24 h after treatment, 100% reductions of both T. lateralis and N. indica were highly significant (P < 0.05) from the lower level of control in An. quadrimaculatus (10%). At 48 h after treatment, no significant, differences existed between all species within fipronil plots, with An. quadrimaculatus, T. lateralis, and N. indica obtaining 41, 10, and 7% control, respectively. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) control was obtained in lambda-cyhalothrin plots 48 h after treatment, with 93 and 53% control of T. lateralis and N. indica, respectively, compared to 7% control of An. quadrimaculatus. A marked difference in susceptibility was found between selected nontarget organisms used in this study. When using lambda-cyhalothrin to control adult L. oryzophilus, populations of nontarget beneficial insects, such as T. lateralis and N. indica, could be adversely affected, whereas nontarget pestilent species, such as An. quadrimaculatus, could proliferate. Fipronil achieved higher percentages of control against An. quadrimaculatus, compared to lambda-cyhalothrin, and was less harmful to both nontarget predators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dennett
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Max V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Meisch
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D001131:Arkansas; D001517:Coleoptera; D020387:Food Chain; D006430:Hemiptera; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D009570:Nitriles; D012275:Oryza; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C082360:fipronil; C037304:cyhalothrin