title: Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of topically administered azelastine, sodium cromoglycate and placebo in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and rhino-conjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Azelastine (AZE) in a novel, eye drop, formulation, was compared with topically applied sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and placebo (PLA) in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhino-conjunctivitis in a multicentre, parallel group study.
  
  
  METHODS
  144 subjects ranging in age from 16 to 65 years participated. All had at least a 2-year history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and were symptomatic at the time of inclusion. Medications were administered topically either twice daily (AZE/PLA) or four times daily (SCG) over a 2-week treatment period. Method and outcome measures: Azelastine and placebo were compared double-blind; the comparison versus SCG was carried out in an open manner. Itching, redness, flow of tears, eyelid swelling, foreign-body sensation, photophobia, soreness and discharge were scored on a 4-point severity scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results for the decrease of main conjunctivitis symptoms (itching, tearing and conjunctival redness) showed a marked effect for both active treatments on day 3 with a sustained improvement on days 7 and 14. A clear response to treatment (an improvement of sum scores for day 3 of >/=3 points compared to baseline) occurred in 85.4% of azelastine-treated patients, 83.0% of sodium cromoglycate patients and 56.3% of placebo patients. Response rates for both active treatments were statistically superior to those for placebo (azelastine p = 0.005; sodium cromoglycate p = 0.007). Global assessment of efficacy was at least 'satisfactory' for 90.0% of azelastine patients, 81.3% of sodium cromoglycate patients and 66.3% of placebo-treated patients. The most frequent adverse effects were transient application site reactions which tended to disappear with increasing duration of treatment, and, less frequently, taste perversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the therapeutic use of azelastine eye drops in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhino-conjunctivitis can be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Southbank Surgery, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: I G V
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ellers-Lenz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Petzold
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010793:Phthalazines; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium; C020976:azelastine