title: Effect of select nitrocompounds on ruminal fermentation; an initial look at their potential to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with ruminal methanogenesis.
abstract: Methane production by ruminal microbes during the digestion of feedstuffs is an inefficient process resulting in losses of 2-12% of the gross energy consumed by ruminants. Presently, we report the effect of three inhibitors on ruminal methane production in vitro. Mixed populations of ruminal microbes collected from cannulated cows maintained on an alfalfa hay:corn diet (50:50) were incubated at 39 degrees C for 24 h under a 100% carbon dioxide gas phase in closed tubes with 72 mM added sodium formate. Cultures were supplemented with 12 mM 2-nitropropanol, nitroethane or nitroethanol (experiment 1) or with 2, 12 or 24 mM nitroethane or a combination of 12 mM nitroethane and 4 mM nitroethanol (experiment 2). Control cultures containing no added nitrocompound were incubated simultaneously with treated incubations. Methane concentrations were reduced (P<0.05) from those measured in control incubations (27.6 +/- 2.1 and 17.7 +/- 0.8 micromol/ml; mean +/- SD for experiments 1 and 2, respectively) by at least 57% and as much as 94% in the nitrocompound supplemented incubations. By comparison, the widely fed methane inhibitor, monensin, typically reduces ruminal methane production by about 33%. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia that accumulated in the nitrocompound supplemented incubations were not markedly affected compared to those produced by control cultures despite the reductions in methane produced. Hydrogen accumulated only slightly in cultures supplemented with the nitrocompounds. These results demonstrate that 2-nitropropanol, nitroethane and nitroethanol inhibit ruminal methane production. Further research is warranted to determine the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition and to see if these inhibitors can be used in practical application to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with ruminal methanogenesis.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845, USA. anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: Jo Ann S
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Kessel
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Edrington
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019605:Euryarchaeota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000382:microbiology*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013279:Stomach, Ruminant / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D006859:Hydrogen; D008697:Methane