title: Mutations at the SALL4 locus on chromosome 20 result in a range of clinically overlapping phenotypes, including Okihiro syndrome, Holt-Oram syndrome, acro-renal-ocular syndrome, and patients previously reported to represent thalidomide embryopathy.
abstract: We have recently shown that Okihiro syndrome results from mutation in the putative zinc finger transcription factor gene SALL4 on chromosome 20q13.13-13.2. There is considerable overlap of clinical features of Okihiro syndrome with other conditions, most notably Holt-Oram syndrome, a condition in part resulting from mutation of the TBX5 locus, as well as acro-renal-ocular syndrome. We analysed further families/patients with the clinical diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome and acro-renal-ocular syndrome for SALL4 mutations. We identified a novel SALL4 mutation in one family where the father was originally thought to have thalidomide embryopathy and had a daughter with a similar phenotype. We also found two novel mutations in two German families originally diagnosed as Holt-Oram syndrome and a further mutation in one out of two families carrying the diagnosis acro-renal-ocular syndrome. Our results show that some cases of "thalidomide embryopathy" might be the result of SALL4 mutations, resulting in an increased risk for similarly affected offspring. Furthermore we confirm the overlap of acro-renal-ocular syndrome with Okihiro syndrome at the molecular level and expand the phenotype of SALL4 mutations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. jkohlha@gwdg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohlhase
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newbury-Ecob
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reardon
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002890:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000473:pathology; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000009:adverse effects; D013933:Thumb / Q000002:abnormalities; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C472575:SALL4 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013792:Thalidomide; D004247:DNA