title: Effects of preoperative enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin on bleeding indices in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the effects of preoperative administration of enoxaparin (ENOX), a low-molecular-weight heparin, on bleeding indices and transfusion rates in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing isolated CABG between 1997 and 2002 who received preoperative ENOX or a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH) were randomly divided into three groups: continuous UFH, ENOX last administered more than 12 hours before surgery (ENOX > 12), and ENOX administered less than 12 hours before surgery (ENOX < 12). Perioperative hemoglobin values, transfusion rates, and bleeding complications were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 69, 58, and 34 patients comprised the UFH, ENOX > 12, and ENOX < 12 groups, respectively. Preoperative demographics and hematologic data were similar among the groups. Compared with the UFH group, the ENOX < 12 group had significantly lower postoperative hemoglobin values (9.6 +/- 1.3 g/dL versus 10.4 +/- 1.2 g/dL, p < 0.05), higher transfusion rates (73.5% versus 50.7%, p < 0.05), and required more total packed red cells per patient (882 +/- 809 mL versus 472 +/- 626 mL, p < 0.05). A nonsignificant increase was noted in the risk of returning to the operating room for bleeding in patients who had received ENOX compared with patients receiving UFH (6.5% versus 2.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative use of ENOX less than 12 hours before CABG is associated with lower postoperative hemoglobin values and higher rates of transfusion than continuous UFH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. tkincaid@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kincaid
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.forename: Neal D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: Wesley G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Byerly
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Reichert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017984:Enoxaparin; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D006493:Heparin