title: Investigating transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) can be a life-threatening transfusion complication and should be considered whenever respiratory distress occurs during a transfusion. Management of donors implicated in TRALI is a n important haemovigilance responsibility for blood services. To enable this, it is imperative to develop an effective strategy for investigating TRALI. The present paper describes an effective approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of suspected TRALI we re referred to the Platelet and Granulocyte Immunobiology Laboratory at the Australian Red Cross Blood Service-Queensland; a reference neutrophil testing service. Recipient and donor samples were tested for the presence of leucocyte antibodies. Where possible, compatibility testing was performed between donor and recipient samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From March 1999 to June 2001 , leucocyte antibodies directed against neutrophil-specific or human leucocyte antigens (HIA) were detected in at least one donor in seven of the nine cases investigated. Incompatibility with patient antigens (HNA-2a, non-specific HLA and HLA B5, B16, B35) was confirmed by cross matching in three cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRALI is a serious non-infectious hazard of transfusion that must be reported and investigated promptly. Prompt investigations allow appropriate management of implicated donations and donors so as to minimize the incidence of TRALI. Therefore, the role of clinicians in reporting such cases and the hospital blood banks in collecting appropriate samples is critical. We suggest that hospital blood banks retain transfused donation units for at least 24 h after transfusion to expedite TRALI investigations. Due to the specialized nature of investigation, it is necessary to direct such investigations to specialist reference neutrophil testing services. In cases where the recipient has the leucocyte antibody, the use of white cell filters in future transfusions should be beneficial, because there is little evidence to substantiate the use of phenotyped blood products.
authors.affiliation: Platelet and Granulocyte Immunobiology, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. lfung@archs.redcross.org.au
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Goodison
authors.forename: J K L
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Minchinton
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001782:Blood Donors; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000150:complications*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D065227:Transfusion Reaction