title: Clinical experience with the long-acting injectable formulation of the atypical antipsychotic, risperidone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To detail specific effects of long-acting risperidone on individuals with schizophrenia and their way of life in a series of four cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with schizophrenia were selected from four different psychiatric centres. Patients were established on an oral dose of risperidone (1-4 mg/day) for 2 weeks. Based on their oral dose, they then received intramuscular injections of 25 mg or 50 mg of long-acting risperidone every 2 weeks, which could be adjusted according to clinical response. Assessments of efficacy (Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity) and safety (Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale) were made at intervals throughout a 1-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients demonstrated a variety of reasons for receiving a long-acting injectable antipsychotic drug, including insufficient control of symptoms, adverse events and convenience. After 1 year of treatment with long-acting risperidone, all patients showed improvements in their symptoms of schizophrenia over their original stable condition, and benefited from a considerable reduction or total disappearance of pre-existing extrapyramidal symptoms. Patients were more socially interactive, with no signs of sedation, fatigue, confusion, depression or anxiety, and none were considered to have relapsed or to require hospitalisation. Three of the four patients were considered to have had no signs of illness after 1 year, one of whom had returned to college and another to work. They demonstrate that patients can be switched from oral and depot medications without problems. There was little pain or discomfort and no inflammatory response experienced at the injection site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cases demonstrate the suitability of long-acting risperidone in patients benefiting from long-term treatment and suggest its potential in all patients who are at risk of relapse.
authors.affiliation: Professor and Consultant Psychiatrist, School of Sciences, Fleming Building, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Libretto
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brewin
authors.forename: Zahid-Ul
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Saleh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018967:Risperidone