title: A study investigating the formation of artificial sub-surface enamel caries-like lesions in deciduous and permanent teeth in the presence and absence of fluoride.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical and in situ studies have shown that caries formation and progression is faster in primary than in permanent teeth. Ambient levels of fluoride are also known to influence the processes of carious lesion formation. The aims were, firstly to investigate the incidence of artificial sub-surface caries lesion formation in the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth in vitro. Secondly, to compare quantitatively the mineral content and distribution of these lesions and assess the possible influence of fluoride upon the lesion parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty primary molars and 20 permanent premolars were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups. Samples in each experimental group were immersed in a 0.05M lactic acid gel (6% w/v hydroxyethyl cellulose, pH 4.5) either in the absence or presence of fluoride for 7 days. Subsequently, lesion parameters of mineral loss (vol x % microm) and lesion depth (microm) were assessed by transverse microradiography and image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences existed between the lesion parameters of permanent and primary teeth (P=0.20). Irrespective of tooth type, lesion parameters were significantly reduced in samples demineralised in the presence of fluoride (P< or =0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoride significantly reduces the severity of sub-surface caries lesions formed in vitro and in contrary to previous studies, there were no significant differences in lesions parameters between permanent and primary teeth.
authors.affiliation: Child Dental Health, Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK. denaii@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Toumba
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Duggal
mesh_terms: D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008852:Microradiography / Q000379:methods; D014070:Tooth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005459:Fluorides