title: Clinical and radiological manifestations of the rheumatoid wrist. A comprehensive review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intent of this review article is to present the common clinical and radiological features of the rheumatoid wrist as seen in everyday practice. Imaging of the rheumatoid wrist is discussed with emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its current and future role in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of the current medical literature from 1990 to present through PubMed was performed without constraints. Search terms used included: MRI, rheumatoid arthritis, wrist, treatment, diagnosis, radiology, clinical manifestations, and incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The articles included in this review were selected by historical significance, date of publication, pertinent review information, and, most specifically, those articles studying the current uses for imaging the rheumatoid wrist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review demonstrated an overall agreement between numerous studies that the usefulness of MRI evaluation of the rheumatoid wrist is in its early stages of development. Many of the features of this examination of the wrist are discussed and contrasted with plain film radiographic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The role of the clinician in the diagnosis and treatment, including complementary care, as well as the follow-up of rheumatoid arthritis in the wrist is unquestionable. The role of plain film examination as a diagnostic tool is excellent. The current and future role of MRI of rheumatoid arthritis is becoming obvious and will likely become the diagnostic imaging tool of choice in the near future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI provides more specific information on rheumatoid lesions in the wrist than plain film imaging. This is especially true when intravenous contrast is utilized. The clinician's use of physical examination, laboratory examination, radiography, and MRI will provide for early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of RA in the wrist.
authors.affiliation: Private practice of chiropractic radiology, N. Miami, FL 33161, USA. brahees@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Deborah D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Brahee
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pierre-Jerome
authors.forename: Norman W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Kettner
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography; D014953:Wrist / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*