title: Heat shock protein (HSP72) and p38 MAPK involvement in sublethal hemorrhage (SLH)-induced tolerance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our in vivo model of tolerance, sublethal hemorrhage (SLH), alters cytokine production, nuclear factor-kappaB mobilization, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity, and makes rats tolerant to shock. Heat shock protein (HSP) protects animals from stress. This study investigated if SLH induces in vivo HSP72 expression and whether in vitro HSP72 induction by sodium arsenite (NaArs) alters intracellular signal transduction and cytokine production similar to SLH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were made tolerant by SLH (MAP = 30 mmHg for 15 min, shed blood returned) and given lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 40 mg/kg i.p.) 24 h later. Lung was harvested 1, 12, and 24 h after SLH (n = 4) and 1 h after LPS (n = 8). Other rats underwent bronchoalveolar lavage 24 h after SLH, and macrophages (mphi) were treated with LPS (10 microg/ml). The NR8383 alveolar mphi cell line was treated with 50 microM NaArsx 12 h and LPS. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed for gene, MAPK, and protein expression (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], HSP, p38).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SLH induced significantly more lung HSP72 mRNA and protein. SLH mphi had more HSP72 protein before and after LPS compared with shams. NaArs induced HSP72 mRNA and protein in NR8383 mphi, and these cells made less TNF compared with controls. NaArs significantly increased p38 activation vs control. SB203580 inhibition of p38 activity did not affect HSP72 expression, or reverse NaArs inhibition of LPS induced TNF production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLH induces HSP72 in vivo. In vitro HSP72 induction is associated with increased p38 phosphorylation. Like SLH, mphi with induced HSP72 expression, have an attenuated TNF response. HSP72 acts independently from p38 in inducing tolerance.
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W Brad
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Gay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018053:Arsenites / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C017947:sodium arsenite; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases