title: Hispanic rhinoplasty in the United States, with emphasis on the Mexican American nose.
abstract: Because an increasing number of Hispanic patients are seeking nasal surgical treatment, a critical analysis of 25 consecutive Hispanic rhinoplasties was performed. After a review of the patient data and preoperative photographs, a new classification was developed, based on the type of deformity rather than geographical origins (as previously used). A treatment paradigm is offered for each type of deformity. Type I involves a high radix, a high dorsum, and a nearly normal tip and is often referred to as a Castilian nose. Treatment consists of a closed functional reduction rhinoplasty, with dorsal reduction and minor tip changes. Type II involves a low radix, a normal dorsum, and a dependent tip and is a new designation. Treatment consists of a finesse rhinoplasty with a radix graft, minimal dorsal changes, use of a columellar strut for support, and open tip suturing. Type III involves a broad base, thick skin, and a wide tip deformity, with its worst expression in the mestizo nose. Treatment consists of a balanced rhinoplasty with minimal dorsal alteration but maximal lobular reduction and an open-structure tip graft. The following conclusions with respect to Hispanic rhinoplasty in the United States are important: (1) an enormous anatomical diversity of deformities is present, in contrast to Asian and black noses; (2) three distinct types of deformities have been identified, each of which requires a different surgical approach; (3) a wide variety of surgical techniques are necessary, in contrast to other ethnic noses; (4) conservative dorsal reduction is essential for type II and III noses; and (5) limitations imposed by the skin envelope are far less than presupposed, and the results are better than generally recognized. As the Hispanic population grows and becomes more prosperous, plastic surgeons in the United States can expect to encounter an increasing number of Hispanic patients requesting rhinoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA. rkdaniel@aol.com
authors.forename: Rollin K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013030:Spain