title: [Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission in a nursing home: analysis of an epidemic outbreak].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  On the basis of an outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in a nursing home, we analyze causes and patterns of transmission and discuss preventive interventions carried out on the target population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was designed on 232 residents to identify risk factors associated with the outbreak. A descriptive study of those nasopharyngeal carriers of pneumococcus among nursing home workers was also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty cases of pneumococcal pneumonia were detected with 4 deaths; 13 cases were confirmed. Cases occurred on a close temporal aggregation form but they were quite disseminated spatially. Among the factors investigated, an older age was the only factor significantly associated (p = 0.02) with the risk of disease. In 4 workers, strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs; two of them corresponded to the serotype 3, as it was the strain isolated from the blood of a nursing home case. The number of new cases decreased dramatically after vaccination and/or chemoprophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccination and chemoprophylaxis administered to nursing home residents seemed effective measures to halt the spread of this outbreak. Detection of the S. pneumoniae antigen by immunochromatographic tests in urine samples is a valuable tool for detecting an outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Servicio Aragonés de Salud (SALUD). Zaragoza. Spain. jguimbao@aragov.es
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guimbao Bescós
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vergara Ugarriza
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aspiroz Sancho
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Aldea Aldanondo
authors.forename: María Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lázaro
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alberto
authors.forename: Wenceslao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Varona López
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*