title: Augmented responses to morphine and cocaine in mice with a 12-lipoxygenase gene disruption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway selectively blocks opioid inhibition of GABAergic synaptic currents. A similar mechanism has been shown for the regulation of glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) during acute withdrawal from morphine, although the functional significance of these effects in vivo are not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We have utilized mice with a disruption of the "leukocyte-type" 12-lipoxygenase gene (12-LO-/- mice) to examine a variety of general behavioral responses as well as several specific responses to morphine and cocaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral responses to morphine include sensitivity to thermal stimuli and withdrawal from chronic morphine treatment. Responses to cocaine were measured through locomotor activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  General behavioral responses in 12-LO-/- mice are not different from their wild-type controls. However, these mutant mice showed enhanced morphine-induced analgesia. However, this effect is eliminated following chronic morphine treatment. In addition, 12-LO-/- mice demonstrated enhanced somatic signs of opiate withdrawal relative to littermate controls. Lastly, cocaine-mediated increases in locomotor activity was augmented acutely but not chronically in 12-LO-/- mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these results suggest a role for metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism in morphine- and cocaine-induced behavioral responses and may reflect a utilization of this pathway following acute but not chronic drug administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, 125 John Morgan Building, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Bao-Cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Misty
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Duxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blendy
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D009154:Mutation; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009294:Narcotics; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009020:Morphine; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D003042:Cocaine