title: Clinical progression in early and late stages of disease in a cohort of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-2 in Guinea-Bissau.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of clinical progression to early and late stages of human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2) infection. CD4 cell counts and other potential prognostic markers for disease progression were also evaluated. In January 1990 an open prospective cohort of police officers in Guinea-Bissau was initiated with yearly serological and clinical follow-up. Follow-up ended in June 1998. Symptoms were classified according to the World Health Organization staging system. The analysis included 148 HIV-2-seropositive subjects and 177 HIV-seronegative controls. 25 of the HIV-2-positive individuals were seroconverters (seroincident cases). The progression rate to stage 3 of HIV-2-positive subjects in stage 1+2 was 8.6/100 person-years (py) (rate ratio 6.2 compared with HIV-negative controls, 95% confidence interval 2.7-14.2, p < 0.001), and the progression rate to stage 4, i.e. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), was 2.1/100 py. HIV-2-positive people in stage 3 at inclusion progressed to AIDS at a rate of 16.9/100 py. CD4% < or = 20 was found to be a significant prognostic marker for progression to stage 4, both from stage 1+2 and from stage 3. The clinical progression in this cohort of HIV-2-infected subjects was generally lower than that in HIV-1-positive cohorts.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. hans.Norrgren@infek.lu.se
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norrgren
authors.forename: Zacarias
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biague
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Gunnel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biberfeld
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006169:Guinea-Bissau / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019562:Viral Load