title: Helicobacter pylori induces RANTES through activation of NF-kappa B.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa displays a conspicuous infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. RANTES (short for "regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted") is a chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) important in the infiltration of T lymphocytes and monocytes. RANTES may therefore contribute to the cellular infiltrate in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism responsible for H. pylori-mediated RANTES expression. We observed that gastric epithelial cells produced RANTES upon coculture with H. pylori. In addition, H. pylori induced RANTES mRNA expression and an increase in luciferase activity in cells which were transfected with a luciferase reporter construct derived from the RANTES promoter, in gastric epithelial cells, indicating that the induction of RANTES production occurred at the transcriptional level. Induction of RANTES was dependent on an intact cag pathogenicity island. Activation of the RANTES promoter by H. pylori occurred through the action of NF-kappa B. Transfection of kinase-deficient mutants of I kappa B kinase (IKK) and NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibited H. pylori-mediated RANTES activation. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor alpha- or interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor signaling molecules-such as mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1, MyD88, and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-did not play a role in RANTES activation by H. pylori. Collectively, H. pylori induced NF-kappa B activation through an intracellular signaling pathway that involved IKK and NIK, leading to RANTES gene transcription. RANTES induction by H. pylori may play an important role in gastric inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. n-mori@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Krensky
authors.forename: Romas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geleziunas
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasakawa
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D009570:Nitriles; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D013450:Sulfones; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C434003:3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenenitrile; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009570:Nitriles; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013450:Sulfones; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors