title: Analyses of dendritic cell subsets in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes in the frequency of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the peripheral blood were analyzed as pregnancy progressed, and the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on myeloid and lymphoid DC subsets were phenotypically and functionally examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two major subsets of DCs were prepared from the peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and adhesion/costimulatory molecules were examined before and after culture with hCG. hCG receptors on both DC subsets were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of myeloid DCs increased in the late stage of pregnancy, while that of lymphoid DCs gradually decreased. The addition of hCG (physiological concentrations in pregnancy) to cultures induced the maturation of both DC subsets in conjunction with increases in the expression of adhesion/costimulatory molecules, their stimulatory activities in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte/leukocyte reaction, and cytokine secretion (interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma). hCG receptors were found in both DC subsets by RT-PCR, suggesting that these stimulatory activities of hCG are mediated by hCG receptors on the DCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hCG can modulate immune responses through the activation of myeloid and lymphoid DCs.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikehara
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003713:Dendritic Cells; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D016207:Cytokines; D011974:Receptors, LH