title: Posteroventral pallidotomy in medically intractable postapoplectic monochorea: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posteroventral pallidotomy is a widely accepted surgical procedure for treating medically intractable Parkinson's disease and Levo-dopa induced dyskinesia. In the surgical treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders, generalized dystonia has recently become a favorable indication of posteroventral pallidotomy. However, a commonly recognized surgical procedure for treating choreiform movement disorders has not yet been established. Here we present an unusual experience of a posteroventral pallidotomy performed to treat a medically intractable monochorea caused by a vascular insult on the basal ganglia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 63-year-old female presented with choreiform movement of the left upper limb that she had suffered for 5 months. She was found to have a hemorrhagic infarction in the right putaminal area. No other abnormal lesions were shown by magnetic resonance imaging except for a widening of the right cerebellopontine cistern because of an acoustic neurinoma removed 5 years previously. Despite medication with a dopamine antagonist, choreiform movement of the left limb had not improved, and the patient complained of rigidity and slowness of ambulation owing to the side effects of the medicine. A right posteroventral pallidotomy was performed with macrostimulation for a physiologic confirmation of the globus pallidus internus (GPi), which is the conventional target for Parkinson's disease. After coagulating the GPi target, the choreiform movement of the contralateral upper limb was completely abolished.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative course was uneventful and no recurrence of chorea was observed over a follow-up period of 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic surgery for hyperkinetic movement disorders is not as common a procedure as that used for treating Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, there have been few reports of pallidal surgery for treating the chorea caused by an ischemic insult. However, on the basis of the current concept that varying types of hyperkinetic disorders may have a common pathophysiological mechanism, a posteroventral pallidotomy may be an alternative surgical procedure for treating medically intractable postapoplectic chorea like in an occasion of dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Moon-Chan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Choon-Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Jae-Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hee-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D002819:Chorea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011699:Putamen / Q000473:pathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis