title: Mechanisms of sevoflurane-induced myocardial preconditioning in isolated human right atria in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors examined the role of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and adenosine A(1) receptors in sevoflurane-induced preconditioning on isolated human myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors recorded isometric contraction of human right atrial trabeculae suspended in oxygenated Tyrode's solution (34 degrees C; stimulation frequency, 1 Hz). In all groups, a 30-min hypoxic period was followed by 60 min of reoxygenation. Seven minutes before hypoxia reoxygenation, muscles were exposed to 4 min of hypoxia and 7 min of reoxygenation or 15 min of sevoflurane at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3%. In separate groups, sevoflurane 2% was administered in the presence of 10 microm HMR 1098, a sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel antagonist; 800 microm 5-hydroxy-decanoate, a mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel antagonist; and 100 nm 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, an adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist. Recovery of force at the end of the 60-min reoxygenation period was compared between groups (mean +/- SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypoxic preconditioning (90 +/- 4% of baseline) and sevoflurane 1% (82 +/- 3% of baseline), 2% (92 +/- 5% of baseline), and 3% (85 +/- 7% of baseline) enhanced the recovery of force after 60 min of reoxygenation compared with the control groups (52 +/- 9% of baseline). This effect was abolished in the presence of 5-hydroxy-decanoate (55 +/- 14% of baseline) and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (58 +/- 16% of baseline) but was attenuated in the presence of HMR 1098 (73 +/- 10% of baseline).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, sevoflurane preconditions human myocardium against hypoxia through activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and stimulation of adenosine A(1) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology and Cellular Physiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Côte de Nacre, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yvon
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hanouz
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haelewyn
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Terrien
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massetti
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Babatasi
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khayat
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducouret
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bricard
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gérard
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000368:Aged; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006880:Hydroxy Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D054086:KATP Channels; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001549:Benzamides; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D006880:Hydroxy Acids; D054086:KATP Channels; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014970:Xanthines; C092520:uK-ATP-1 potassium channel; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C052853:5-hydroxydecanoic acid; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; C410297:HMR 1098