title: Differential responding for brain stimulation reward and sucrose in high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) and low-alcohol-drinking (LAD) rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the associations among selective breeding for alcohol preference, intake of sweet solutions, and responding for brain stimulation reward (BSR), a nonoral reinforcer, in alcohol-preferring high-alcohol-drinking (HAD)-1 and nonpreferring low-alcohol-drinking (LAD)-1 rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats were trained to lever press for medial forebrain bundle stimulation. Current intensity was varied in separate sessions to generate a rate/intensity function. To further examine BSR responding, the animals responded for stimulation at 100 Hz and at a fixed current intensity on an FR1 schedule. In subsequent sessions, the schedule was increased to FR6 and then to FR12. To examine responding for the sucrose solution, we trained a separate group of HAD-1/LAD-1 rats to bar press for sucrose on an FR1 schedule. Similar to the BSR experiment, in following sessions, the schedule was increased to an FR6 and then to an FR12 schedule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between the two rat lines across a range of current intensities. As the reinforcement schedule increased, HAD-1 rats exhibited a dramatic decrease in BSR responding, whereas the LAD-1 rats displayed a more protracted reduction. In contrast to BSR, marked elevations in responding were observed for sucrose as the schedule increased. However, in HAD-1 rats, response rates were similar on the FR6 and FR12 schedules, whereas LAD-1 rats showed a reduction in response rates from the FR6 to FR12 schedule. Furthermore, HAD-1 rats exhibited significantly more responses compared with LAD-1 rats across the three reinforcement schedules. An analysis of the response profile for the three reinforcement schedules suggested that few if any postreinforcement pauses were exhibited when the reinforcer was BSR compared with sucrose in both lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medial forebrain bundle BSR is a powerful reinforcer in both HAD-1 and LAD-1 lines. However, BSR responding was not associated with selective breeding for alcohol preference. In contrast, selective breeding for alcohol preference was associated with sucrose consumption, especially as the amount of work increased. The lack of correspondence between BSR and sweet taste rewards in HAD-1 and LAD-1 lines may suggest important differences yet an overlapping brain reward mechanism in the control of motivated behaviors in these selected lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Purdue School of Science, Indianapolis, IN 46202-4887, USA.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.forename: Regat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seyoum
authors.forename: Annabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lorie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Duff
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Harry L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: June
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012201:Reward; D013045:Species Specificity; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose