title: Improving glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus without insulin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In general practice at least 30% of those with Type 2 diabetes do not achieve good glycaemic control. We studied the effect of improving oral glucose-lowering medication in a primary care setting in patients treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents without satisfactory glycaemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  We provided flowcharts to general practitioners and outreach visits by trained facilitators, who checked adherence to the protocol. Fifty-two Dutch general practices with 2140 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients recruited 288 patients < or = 75 years old inadequately controlled (HbA1c >7%) by diet or oral medication. Outcome measures were decrease of HbA1c, number of patients with HbA1c < or = 7%, and non-compliance rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean of 3.3 consultations over 14 weeks, 209 patients were following the protocol fully with a reduction in HbA1c from 8.7% to 6.7% (P<0.001). One hundred and fifty-eight patients (55%) achieved HbA1c < or =7%, and 51 (18%) persisted with HbA1c >7% unless fasting blood glucose < or =7 mmol/l (n=18) or a maximum of medication (n=33). Seventy-nine patients (27%) did not adhere to the protocol, mostly due to loss of motivation and non-attendance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple flowchart and relatively little support by trained facilitators results in improved glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. lex@goudswaard.cx
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Goudswaard
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Stolk
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: de Valk
authors.forename: G E H M
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rutten
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents