Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 4G/5G polymorphism and coagulation factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism: impaired fibrinolysis and early pregnancy loss.
BACKGROUND
A successful outcome of pregnancy depends on proper placental formation. In the very beginning of this process, trophoblast invasion and fibrin deposition into the wall of the decidual veins play an important part. Two polymorphisms, coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) Val34Leu and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G, interfere with fibrin cross-linking and regulation of fibrinolysis and may therefore contribute to early pregnancy loss.


METHODS
We enrolled 49 unrelated Caucasian women with a history of two consecutive or three to six nonconsecutive early pregnancy losses and 48 unrelated parous healthy controls without a history of pregnancy loss and evaluated them for the following genetic variants: the factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A gene mutations, the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms, and the PAI-1 4G/5G and FXIII Val34Leu polymorphisms.


RESULTS
For the isolated occurrence of PAI-1 4G/5G or FXIII Val34Leu, we found no statistically significant difference between cases and controls. For homozygosity of either or compound carrier status of both mutations, the overall relative risk for early pregnancy loss was significantly increased (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.5; P = 0.032). We observed no statistically relevant association of any of the other tested mutations with early pregnancy loss.


CONCLUSIONS
Homozygosity for PAI-1 4G or FXIII 34Leu polymorphisms as well as compound carrier status is associated with early pregnancy loss.
Dossenbach-Glaninger
Astrid
A
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Juchgasse 25, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
van Trotsenburg
Michael
M
Dossenbach
Martin
M
Oberkanins
Christian
C
Moritz
Anne
A
Krugluger
Walter
W
Huber
Johannes
J
Hopmeier
Pierre
P
D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005176:Factor XIII / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy
D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D005176:Factor XIII