title: The effect of semen extender, seminal plasma and raw semen on uterine and ovarian blood flow in mares.
abstract: Transrectal color Doppler sonography was used to evaluate the effect of intrauterine infusion of skim milk semen extender, seminal plasma and raw semen on the endometrium and blood flow in the uterine and ovarian arteries in mares. Six Trotter mares (mean age: 12 years) were examined during estrus in three cycles. Each mare received an intrauterine infusion of 20 ml of skim milk semen extender, seminal plasma or raw semen during estrus in one of three cycles. Blood flow measurements in both uterine and ovarian arteries and the determination of intrauterine fluid via sonography were performed before each infusion and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after infusion. Forty-eight hours later, the intrauterine infusion and measurements were repeated using the same time intervals. Changes in blood flow were detected using transrectal color Doppler sonography and were evaluated using the mean time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) of the blood flow. Cytological and bacteriological examination of uterine swabs performed 48 h after the second infusion revealed less inflammation and bacterial growth in mares infused with skim milk semen extender than in those infused with seminal plasma or raw semen. There was an increase in intrauterine fluid as early as 1 h after infusion of any of the substances. The infusion of skim milk semen extender had no effect on uterine blood flow. Within 1 h after infusion of seminal plasma or raw semen, there was an increase in the TAMV values of both uterine arteries (P<0.05). In contrast, ovarian blood flow increased only in the artery ipsilateral to the preovulatory follicle and only after the infusion of raw semen (P<0.05). In conclusion, the changes in uterine perfusion observed after intrauterine infusion may be associated with endometrial inflammation and vasodilatory components in the seminal plasma, whereas the changes seen in ovarian blood flow are possibly attributable to the interaction between sperm and oviduct.
authors.affiliation: Gynäkologische und Ambulatorische Tierklinik der Universität München, Königinstr. 12, 80539 München, Germany. Heinrich.Bollwein@gyn.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bollwein
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sowade
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stolla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004971:Estrus; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply*; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*