Oral infections and systemic diseases.
An association between periodontal infection and CVD has been revealed in some epidemiologic studies, whereas other studies were unable to demonstrate such an association. A link between the two diseases may be explained by shared established or nonestablished risk factors. Future studies with extended control of confounding factors and intervention studies may add to the understanding of a possible relationship between the diseases. In some cases, IE is caused by dental plaque bacteria. Several studies are suggestive of oral bacteria causing respiratory infection. The pathogenesis and course of a number of other diseases including DM and rheumatoid arthritis have been associated wish periodontitis, but more research is necessary to elucidate possible pathogenic interactions.
Holmstrup
Palle
P
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 20 Nørre Allé DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. ph@odont.ku.dk
Poulsen
Anne Havemose
AH
Andersen
Lone
L
Skuldbøl
Tanja
T
Fiehn
Nils-Erik
NE
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000209:etiology; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy