title: Correlation of expression of BP1, a homeobox gene, with estrogen receptor status in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BP1 is a novel homeobox gene cloned in our laboratory. Our previous studies in leukemia demonstrated that BP1 has oncogenic properties, including as a modulator of cell survival. Here BP1 expression was examined in breast cancer, and the relationship between BP1 expression and clinicopathological data was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA was isolated from cell lines, tumors, and matched normal adjacent tissue or tissue from autopsy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate BP1 expression. Statistical analysis was accomplished with SAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of 46 invasive ductal breast tumors demonstrated BP1 expression in 80% of them, compared with a lack of expression in six normal breast tissues and low-level expression in one normal breast tissue. Remarkably, 100% of tumors that were negative for the estrogen receptor (ER) were BP1-positive, whereas 73% of ER-positive tumors expressed BP1 (P = 0.03). BP1 expression was also associated with race: 89% of the tumors of African American women were BP1-positive, whereas 57% of those from Caucasian women expressed BP1 (P = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in BP1 expression between grades I, II, and III tumors. Interestingly, BP1 mRNA expression was correlated with the ability of malignant cell lines to cause breast cancer in mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because BP1 is expressed abnormally in breast tumors, it could provide a useful target for therapy, particularly in patients with ER-negative tumors. The frequent expression of BP1 in all tumor grades suggests that activation of BP1 is an early event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Sidney W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pinzone
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Orenstein
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Simmens
authors.forename: Jessy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poola
authors.forename: Dietrich A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C105304:DLX4 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D014157:Transcription Factors