title: Elevated carbon dioxide increases contents of antioxidant compounds in field-grown strawberries.
abstract: The effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were studied under field conditions. Increased CO(2) (300 and 600 micromol mol(-1) above ambient) concentrations resulted in increases in ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), and ratios of AsA to dehydroascorbic acid (DHAsA) and GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a decrease in DHAsA in strawberry fruit. High anthocyanin and phenolic content were also found in fruit of CO(2) treated plants. Growing strawberry plants under CO(2) enrichment conditions significantly enhanced fruit p-coumaroylglucose, dihydroflavonol, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, and kaempferol 3-glucoside contents, as well as cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate content. Fruit of strawberry plants grown in the CO(2) enrichment conditions also had high oxygen radical absorbance activity against ROO(*), O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2), OH(*), and (1)O(2) radicals.
authors.affiliation: Fruit Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. wangs@ba.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Shiow Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Maas
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D031985:Fragaria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid