title: Management of syncope referred urgently to general hospitals with and without syncope units.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that management of patients with syncope admitted urgently to a general hospital may be influenced by the presence of an in-hospital structured syncope unit.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The management of syncope is not standardized. Methods We compared six hospitals equipped with a syncope unit organized inside the department of cardiology with six matched hospitals without such facilities. The study enroled all consecutive patients referred to the emergency room from 5 November 2001 to 7 December 2001 who were affected by transient loss of consciousness as their principal symptom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 279 patients in the syncope unit hospitals and 274 in the control hospitals. In the study group, 30 (11%) patients were referred to the syncope unit for evaluation. In the study group, 12% fewer patients were hospitalized (43 vs 49%, not significant) and 8% fewer tests were performed (3.3+/-2.2 vs 3.6+/-2.2 per patient, not significant). In particular, the study group patients underwent fewer basic laboratory tests (75 vs 86%, P=0.002), fewer brain-imaging examinations (17 vs 24%, P=0.05), fewer echocardiograms (11 vs 16%, P=0.04), more carotid sinus massage (13 vs 8%, P=0.03) and more tilt testing (8 vs 1%, P=0.000). In the study group, there was a +56% rate of final diagnosis of neurally mediated syncope (56 vs 36%, P=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although only a minority of patients admitted as an emergency are referred to the syncope unit, overall management is substantially affected. It is speculated that the use of a standardized approach, such as that typically adopted in the syncope unit, is able to influence overall practice in the hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ospedale del Tigullio, Lavagna, Italy. mbrignole@as14.liguria.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brignole
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Disertori
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raviele
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alboni
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Pitzalis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delise
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puggioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Greco
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malavasi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lunati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fabrizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012042:Registries; D013575:Syncope / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*