title: Anxiety, depression and informed consent in patients referred to a radiotherapy department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Informing cancer patients is an ethical, legal and deontological aspect of patient management. Patients need clear instructions in order to be able to accept or refuse medical procedures. Many reports in the literature have shown differences among physicians in informing cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess patients' understanding of diagnosis, planned radiotherapy and risk of early and late effects, their satisfaction with the discussion with the doctor and correlation with anxiety and depression after the disclosure of a cancer diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April to July 2000 a physician with psychiatric training conducted interviews with patients after their consultation with the radiotherapist and asked them to fill in a questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were measured by means of a scoring system [HAD(A) and HAD(D)] such as the patient's satisfaction and the physician's belief in it. Eighty-two outpatients referred to our radiotherapy department were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not find any correlation between HAD(A) and HAD(D) scores and comprehension scores of disease, treatment schedule, side effects and patient satisfaction, or between any scores and presumed predictive variables such as diagnosis, gender, age, treatment aims, time from diagnosis, education, marital status, profession, life habits, and the role of the doctor obtaining the informed consent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We may conclude that informed consent does not seem to increase reactive anxiety or depression. Its quality is high in our department but must be improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Azienda Ospedaliera S Anna, Como, Italy. luigifrancocazzaniga@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Luigi Franco
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maroni
authors.forename: Ernestina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bossi
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cagna
authors.forename: Dorian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scandolaro
authors.forename: Maria Carla
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Valli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation