title: Detection of testicular cancer in men presenting with infertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infertility is one of the less common presenting features associated with testicular tumors. We evaluated the histologic and biochemical findings, and pregnancy outcome in patients presenting with infertility who were found to have testicular tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with infertility were found to have testicular cancer over a 15-year period. All patients had a testicular ultrasound evaluation. The indications for the ultrasound were testicular pain in 2 patients, suspicious palpable mass in 4, and to rule out the presence of germ cell neoplasia in a patient with carcinoma in situ detected on a previous biopsy. Physical exam, histological findings, hormonal levels, tumor markers, and pregnancy outcome results were recorded from the patients medical charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two men had elevated serum follicle stimulant hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, 1 of them had an abnormally low serum testosterone level. Tumor markers were normal in all patients. In 4 patients the tumor was on the right side and in 3 on the left. The histological diagnoses were seminoma (n = 5), Leydig cell tumor (n = 1), and carcinoma in situ (n = 1). Of the 7 patients, 5 underwent adjuvant radiation therapy. Two patients had sperm cryopreserved. Follow up on fertility status was available in 6 cases. One patient has established a pregnancy and 5 did not achieve a pregnancy after treatment for their cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the men who have testicular cancer and male infertility have a seminona. Therefore, men who present with infertility should be thoroughly investigated to rule out such serious, concomitant diseases along with their infertility.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction and Infertility, Urological Institute, Cleveland, EUA.
authors.forename: Fabio Firmbach
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Pasqualotto
authors.forename: Eleonora Bedin
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Pasqualotto
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Anthony Joseph
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018239:Seminoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis