title: Combined interferon alpha2b and cyclosporin A in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only 15% to 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C have a sustained virological response to interferon monotherapy. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of interferon, in combination with oral cyclosporin A, with interferon monotherapy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assigned 120 patients with chronic hepatitis C to receive the standard Japanese dose of interferon alpha2b alone for 24 weeks or that dose of interferon alpha2b in combination with cyclosporin A, at doses of 200 mg daily for the first 4 weeks and 100 mg daily for the following 20 weeks. All patients were assessed for drug safety, tolerance, and efficacy at the end of weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48. Efficacy was assessed by the disappearance of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA by polymerase chain reaction and normalization of serum aminotransferase. The primary endpoint was a sustained virological response; i.e., sustained undetectable serum HCV RNA at 48 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sustained virological response rate was significantly higher in the combination therapy group (42/76) than in the monotherapy group (14/44; P = 0.01). The sustained biochemical response rate was also higher in the combination therapy group (46/76) than in the monotherapy group (17/44; P = 0.017). In patients with genotype 1 and high viral loads, the sustained virological response rate was markedly higher in the combination therapy group (16/38) than in the monotherapy group (1/21; P = 0.006). Side-effect profiles were similar in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with chronic hepatitis C; combined interferon and cyclosporin A treatment was more effective than interferon monotherapy. The benefit was mostly achieved in patients with a high viral load and HCV genotype 1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekiyama
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tsunamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiba
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase