title: Progastrin and its products from patients with chronic viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrin and its precursor, progastrin, are synthesized in the stomach, particularly when infected with Helicobacter pylori, and they are metabolized, at least in part, in the liver. However, little is known about their levels in various hepatic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out on 147 patients including chronic hepatitis B (n = 35), hepatitis C (n = 52) and liver cirrhosis (n = 60) of class A (n = 38), class B (n = 15) and class C (n = 7) (Child-Pugh classification) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 65). The diagnosis of chronic hepatitis was confirmed by liver biopsy in all patients, whereas the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was based on clinical and laboratory findings. Liver biopsy was done in 38 out of 60 patients. Blood samples were collected under basal conditions and separated plasma samples were kept frozen at -70 degrees C until radioimmunoassay of progastrin and its products, including bioactive amidated gastrins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median (range) plasma concentrations of total progastrin product and amidated gastrin in control subjects were 147.5 (73-345) pM and 33 (15-65), respectively. These concentrations in hepatitis B and C were not significantly different from those in controls. In cirrhosis (classes A, B and C), the concentrations of the progastrin and of gastrin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in controls reaching, respectively, 253.5 (135-683 pM) and 47.5 (17-385) pM. Both progastrin and gastrin levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive than in negative cirrhotic patients. Antibodies against H. pylori were present in about 50% of controls, 68% of hepatitis B, 57% of hepatitis C and in 83% in cirrhosis patients. The difference in H. pylori prevalence between cirrhosis and controls was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma levels of progastrin and gastrin are significantly increased in cirrhotic patients and this could be attributed to reduced metabolism of these peptides in liver cirrhosis and to their increased release due to H. pylori infection rate in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. mpkontur@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Konturek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonciarz
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gonciarz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bielanski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mularczyk
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Konturek
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rehfeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C013706:big gastrin