title: Corneal changes in magnesium-deficient rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study is to investigate the cornea in magnesium (Mg) deficiency and elucidate the local function of trace elements.
  
  
  METHODS
  After delivery, mother Wistar Kyoto rats were fed a low Mg diet containing 0.1 mg Mg/100 g diet with all other nutrients and distilled and deionized water. Infant rats were suckled by their mothers for 21 days and then fed the same Mg-deficient diet. Control mother rats were fed commercial rat pellets containing 24 mg Mg/100 g diet and all other nutrients. The corneas were examined by electron microscopy at 6 weeks of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Mg-deficient rats, serum Mg levels were significantly lower and calcium (Ca) levels higher than in the control rats. The corneas of Mg-deficient rats showed decreased microvilli and microplicae in the epithelial cells of the most superficial layer, increased mitochondria with abnormal shapes in the basal cells in the epithelium, condensed chromatin in the nuclei of the basal cells, and high density deposits and macrophage-like cells in the subepithelium of the stroma. Mg-deficient rats had pentagonal and square endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since Mg2+ has biologic functions including structural stabilization of protein, nucleic acids, and cell membranes, Mg deficiency may induce changes in the corneal surface and nuclei of corneal epithelial and endothelial cells. These disturbances may interfere with protection from infections, foreign bodies, dryness, and direct exposure to air. Thus, Mg is essential for the cornea to maintain normal structure and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophlamology and Visual Sciences, Nagasaki Univerity School of Medicine, Japan. hgong@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Huaqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.forename: Tsugio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amemiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium