title: Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 isolated from healthy carriers and patients in Sudan after the Hajj in 2000.
abstract: The first epidemic in the world of meningococcal disease due to serogroup W-135 was reported during the Hajj in 2000, with subsequent spread. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the Hajj 2000 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 had also been carried to Sudan in the eastern part of the African meningitis belt, by examining healthy Sudanese pilgrims (Hajj 2000) and members of their families, and whether the strain was causing meningitis. The phenotypic character of W-135 meningococci from Sudanese carriers (n = 5) and patients (n = 2) 1 y later was similar to W-135 strains associated with Hajj 2000. The present study, using the combination of the 2 molecular techniques; sequencing of the porA gene for variable regions (VR1, VR2 and VR3) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the entire genome (using SpeI and NheI), shows that the Hajj 2000 serogroup W-135 clone (P1.5,2,36-2 of the ET-37 complex) most probably was introduced into Sudan, by pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2000. This strain has not been diagnosed before in Sudan. Close epidemiological surveillance is required to identify a possible new emerging meningitis epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Juba University, Sudan.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mölling
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unemo
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bäckman
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosaad
authors.forename: Nageeb
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olcén
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002353:Carrier State; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D038582:Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012067:Religion; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial