title: Assessment of sperm viability in boar, rabbit and rooster: a modification of the fluorometric ethidium bromide exclusion procedure.
abstract: The ethidium bromide (EtBr) exclusion procedure, a fluorometric method for measuring sperm cell viability, was studied to optimize the use of this technique on boar, rabbit and rooster semen. Diluted semen was used for boars and roosters. Diluted rabbit semen did not allow for reliable fluorescence readings; the interference of granules characteristic of rabbit seminal plasma was suggested as its cause. Therefore, rabbit semen was washed on several Percoll and Optiprep density gradients, with the aim of removing the granules from the sperm suspension. The complete absence of granules was not obtained, however, the best result was provided by the 35/70% Percoll density gradient. Most spermatozoa formed a loose pellet with low contamination. Although the washing procedure resulted in a selective action, Percoll washed semen was used to assess the EtBr procedure. The fluorescence intensities of stained fresh and stained digitonin-permeabilized samples were corrected, respectively, for the nonspecific fluorescence measures of fresh and digitonin-permeabilized samples both unstained. The contribution of the dye was subtracted from the corrected values, then the ratio between the corrected values of fresh and permeabilized cells provided the proportion of damaged cells in the sample. The working cell concentration range giving a constant proportion of damaged cells was set using diluted semen for boars and roosters (8-32 x 10(6) cell/ml) and Percoll washed semen for rabbits (4-16 x 10(6) cell/ml). The reliability of the fluorometric method was compared with the traditional nigrosin-eosin (NE) staining technique. The intactness of sperm samples containing known proportions of fresh and killed cells was measured in defined working cell ranges. For boars and roosters the values determined by fluorometry agreed closely with those determined using the NE method.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria-CNR, via Bassini, 15-20133 Milano, Italy. gliozzi@ibba.cnr.it
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gliozzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cerolini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002645:Chickens; D004996:Ethidium; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D004996:Ethidium