title: [Changes in microcirculation of esophageal mucosa during acute experimental reflux. Pathogenic role of the biliary component].
abstract: Our aims were to examine microcirculation during experimental reflux esophagitis in dogs. We compared the effects of microcirculation of the mucosa to 3-hr exposure with acid, mixed acid and bile, we measured the changes in constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity (cNOS and iNOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The microcirculation of the upper esophagus was investigated by intravital videomicroscopy. The functional capillary density (FCD), relative vessel area (RVA) and red blood cell velocity (RBCV) were measured. Mucosal barrier integrity was examined by vascular and epithelial permeability indices. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, cNOS, iNOS activities and microscopic damage were examined in biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vascular permeability index, the RBCV and the RVA increased significantly in the treated groups, the FCD significantly decreased after acid exposure. The MPO and iNOS activities were significantly elevated in all treated groups. The cNOS activity did not change after exposure to acid + bile or acid, but significantly decreased after sole bile treatment. Severe mucosal damage was observed after bile exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bile induced characteristic microcirculatory changes during experimental reflux esophagitis. Tissue damage and leukocyte infiltration could be exacerbated by bile-induced cNOS inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Altalános Orvostudományi Kar Sebészeti Mútéttani Intézet, Sebészeti Klinika.
authors.forename: Károly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szentpáli
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaszaki
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erös
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tiszlavicz
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paszt
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lázár
authors.forename: Adám
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.forename: Mihály
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004912:Erythrocytes; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008833:Microcirculation; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III