title: Altered atrial electrical restitution and heterogeneous sympathetic hyperinnervation in hearts with chronic left ventricular myocardial infarction: implications for atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The substrates for the increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in hearts with chronic left ventricular myocardial infarction (MI) remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that chronic MI is associated with atrial electrical and neural remodeling that enhances AF vulnerability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We created MI in 8 dogs by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Seven dogs (3 with thoracotomy) that had no LAD occlusion served as controls. Eight weeks after surgery, the incidence and duration of pacing-induced AF in the open chest anesthetized state were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the MI than in control dogs. Multisite biatrial monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings showed increased heterogeneity of MAP duration (MAPD) and MAPD restitution slope. AF in the MI groups was preceded by significantly higher MAPD (P<0.01) and MAP amplitude (P<0.05) alternans in both atria compared with controls. Epicardial mapping using 1792 bipolar electrodes (1-mm spatial resolution) showed multisite wavebreaks of the paced wavefronts leading to AF in MI but not in control dogs. Multiple wavelets in MI dogs were associated with significantly higher incidence and longer duration of AF compared with control. The density of biatrial tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth-associated protein43 (GAP43) nerves were 5- to 8-fold higher and were more heterogeneous in MI compared with control dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic ventricular MI with no atrial involvement causes heterogeneous alteration of atrial electrical restitution and atrial sympathetic hyperinnervation that might provide important substrates for the observed increased AF vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Shengmei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamabe
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fishbein
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Lan S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng-Sheng
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hrayr S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Karagueuzian
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase