title: Non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations, emitted by a cellular phone, modify cutaneous blood flow.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our surroundings are full of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of different frequency and power. The non-ionizing EMRs emitted by television, computer and cellular phone (CF) sets have been increasing over the past few years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to assess the effects of non-ionizing EMRs (frequency 3 x 10(8) to 3 x 10(11) Hz), emitted by CFs, on cutaneous blood flow in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy volunteers (14 male and 16 female; age: 18-53 years) entered the study. Measurements of cutaneous blood flow were taken under standard conditions (temperature and humidity), using a laser Doppler He-Ne flowmeter that was applied to the ear skin by an optical fibre probe. Microflow values were recorded without CF contact with the skin (T0), with the CF turned off but in contact with the ear skin (T1), with CF contact and turned on (T2), with CF contact, turned on and receiving (T3). The microflow values were also recorded backwards: with CF contact and set turned on (T4), with CF contact and turned off (T5), without CF contact (T6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean value of basal microflow (T0), expressed as perfusion units (PU), was 51.26+/-11.93 PU. During the T1 phase, the microflow increase was 61.38%; in T2 it was 131.74%, in T3 157.67%, in T4 139.21% and in T5 122.90%; in T6, the microflow value was 57.58+/-10 PU (similar to the basal microflow). Statistically significant cutaneous microflow values (p<0.050) were observed comparing the T1 to T5 values with basal microflow (T0). Furthermore, in comparison with T1 values (CF turned off in contact with the ear skin), the T2, T3 and T4 data were statistically significant (T2 vs. T1: t=7.763 with p<0.050; T3 vs. T1: t=9.834 with p<0.050; T4 vs. T1: t=8.885 with p<0.050).
authors.affiliation: Department of Systematic Pathology, Section of Dermatology, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy. monfreco@unina.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monfrecola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moffa
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Procaccini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D040421:Cell Phone; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004431:Ear, External; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*