title: Delayed spread and reduction in virus titer after anterior chamber inoculation of a recombinant of HSV-1 expressing IL-16.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The timing of T-cell infiltration of the hypothalamus is crucial in the prevention of bilateral retinitis in mice inoculated with HSV-1 through the anterior chamber (AC). In H129-infected mice, T-cells are recruited to the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus too late to protect infected mice from development of bilateral retinitis. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether alteration of T-cell recruitment to the hypothalamus would affect the timing and pattern of virus spread after AC inoculation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A recombinant of the H129 strain of HSV-1 expressing IL-16, a cytokine with lymphocytic and monocytic chemoattractant properties, was constructed, and mice were inoculated in the AC with H129wt, H129wt and H129/IL-16, or H129wt and H129/pGal10 (a recombinant virus containing vector only).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AC inoculation of BALB/c mice with H129wt and H129/IL-16 resulted in a delay of virus spread to the hypothalamus and the contralateral retina, and this delay correlated with decreased virus titers in infected tissues, compared with mice infected with H129wt or mice infected with H129wt and H129/pGal10. Although the number of infiltrating T-cells in the brains of mice infected with H129wt, H129wt and H129/IL-16, or H129wt and H129/pGal10 was similar, more Mac-1-positive cells were detected early (postinoculation day 2) in the injected eyes of mice infected with H129wt and H129/IL-16 than in mice infected with H129wt and/or H129wt and H129/pGal10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that early recruitment of Mac-1-positive cells to the injected eye may play a role in delaying virus spread in mice infected with H129wt and the IL-16-expressing recombinant virus. IL-16 delivery vectors could be exploited to prevent or delay HSV-1 infection of the hypothalamus, allowing development of the antiviral immune response and subsequent inhibition of virus spread into the optic nerve and retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Archin
authors.forename: Lennard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van den Boom
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perelygina
authors.forename: Julia M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.forename: Sally S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Atherton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000821:virology*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003673:Defective Viruses; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019410:Interleukin-16 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015882:Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014709:Vero Cells; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D019410:Interleukin-16; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen