title: Effects of the mosquito larvicide GB-1111 on red-winged blackbird embryos.
abstract: Golden Bear Oil (GB-1111; legal trade name for GB-1313) is a petroleum distillate that is used in the United States and other countries as a larvicide for mosquito suppression. As part of a multi-species evaluation of the potential effects of GB-1111 on birds, red-winged blackbird eggs were collected, artificially incubated, and treated with one of five amounts of GB-1111 varying from 0 to 10 times the expected exposure from a spray application of the maximum recommended amount (X=47 l/ha, 5 gal/ac). The application of 10 X caused a significant reduction in hatching success. A dose-related reduction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity (EROD) was detected. Among body weights, skeletal measurements, and age at death, only crownrump length was different among experimental groups. Overall, the potential hazard to embryos of a representative wetland passerine appears minimal until the application rate exceeds 3 X.
authors.affiliation: USGS Patuxent Wildife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708-4041, USA. pete_albers@usgs.gov
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Buscemi
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Melancon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001699:Biometry; D001717:Birds / Q000196:embryology*; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008899:Mineral Oil / Q000633:toxicity*; D009032:Mosquito Control
chemical_list: C478368:GB-1111; D007306:Insecticides; D008899:Mineral Oil; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases