title: Reoperation after fresh homograft replacement: 23 years' experience with 655 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Through a retrospective study on the use of fresh homografts in 655 aortic valve replacement patients over a period of 23 years, we aimed to assess the reasons for eventual reoperation and causes of valve dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1980 and December 2002, 655 patients received fresh homografts. All homografts were antibiotic sterilized and stored at 4 degrees C. During this time, 139 patients (116 male and 23 female) with a mean age of 46.7 years (range 18-72) required reoperation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day hospital overall mortality was 2.87%. The mean durability for all homografts was 12.4+/-4.54 years (1 month to 23 years). The cumulative rates for freedom from reoperation for any cause were 94.09+/-2% at 5 years and 87.9%+/-4% at 10 years, 76.6 at 15 years, 49.55 at 20 years. The major cause of valve dysfunction and indication for reoperation was degeneration in 111 patients (79.8%). Predominant aortic valve insufficiency in 87 patients (62.5%) and predominant stenosis in 24 patients (17.26%). Endocarditis occurred in 21 patients (15.1%). Early endocarditis was diagnosed in five patients (3.59%), late endocarditis in 16 patients (11.5%). Additional causes for reoperation included ascending aortic aneurysm, mitral valve insufficiency and congestive cardiomyopathy. Seventeen patients (12.2%) required concomitant procedures. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in six cases (4.3%), mitral valve replacement in five cases (3.59%), mitral valve annuloplasty in six (4.3%). The primary reoperative procedure was artificial/mechanical aortic valve implantation. In five cases, St. Jude Medical conduit grafts were implanted due to ascending aortic aneurysms. Homograft reimplantation was performed in four cases. One patient underwent mitral valve replacement and one patient received a heart transplant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study suggest that reoperation in patients with aortic homografts is a low-risk procedure as compared to alternative therapies. Primary allograft aortic valve replacement can give acceptable results for up to 23 years. The major cause of valve dysfunction and indication for reoperation was degeneration. Cumulative rates for freedom from reoperation for any cause in age groups suggest careful selection and indications in homograft implantation in the younger patients. Young age is a risk factor for an early homograft structural deterioration (degeneration).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadowski
authors.forename: Boguslaw
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kapelak
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bartus
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Podolec
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rudzinski
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myrdko
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wierzbicki
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dziatkowiak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000150:complications; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous