title: A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bortezomib, a boronic acid dipeptide, is a novel proteasome inhibitor that has been shown in preclinical and phase 1 studies to have antimyeloma activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized, phase 2 trial, we enrolled 202 patients with relapsed myeloma that was refractory to the therapy they had received most recently. Patients received 1.3 mg of bortezomib per square meter of body-surface area twice weekly for 2 weeks, followed by 1 week without treatment, for up to eight cycles (24 weeks). In patients with a suboptimal response, oral dexamethasone (20 mg daily, on the day of and the day after bortezomib administration) was added to the regimen. The response was evaluated according to the criteria of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and confirmed by an independent review committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 193 patients who could be evaluated, 92 percent had been treated with three or more of the major classes of agents for myeloma, and in 91 percent, the myeloma was refractory to the therapy received most recently. The rate of response to bortezomib was 35 percent, and those with a response included 7 patients in whom myeloma protein became undetectable and 12 in whom myeloma protein was detectable only by immunofixation. The median overall survival was 16 months, with a median duration of response of 12 months. Grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (in 28 percent of patients), fatigue (in 12 percent), peripheral neuropathy (in 12 percent), and neutropenia (in 11 percent). Grade 4 events occurred in 14 percent of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bortezomib, a member of a new class of anticancer drugs, is active in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma that is refractory to conventional chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. paul_richardson@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barlogie
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenson
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: Sundar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jagannath
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: S Vincent
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
authors.forename: Gordan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srkalovic
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsina
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alexanian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Robert Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Orlowski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuter
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Limentani
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: Dixie-Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Esseltine
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Schenkein
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D011379:Prognosis; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D006454:Hemoglobins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex