title: Dissemination of bacteria in multiple organs associated with apoptosis and macrophage activity in different stages of experimental sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gram negative sepsis is reported to induce massive translocation of bacteria into tissues, which associates with decreased macrophage function and increased macrophage apoptosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to detect the translocation of bacteria into different organs and to evaluate macrophage activity and the apoptosis of macrophages in the liver during different stages of sepsis and to correlate these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats (n = 43) were inoculated intraperitoneally with an E. coli and divided into 5 groups, which were killed at different times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Counts of translocated bacteria in tissues were evaluated by using morphological and bacteriological methods. Macrophage activity and apoptotic cells in the liver were studied by applying immunohistochemical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The counts of E. coli were the highest in the organs and blood 6 h after the onset of sepsis, being in correlation with the highest counts of apoptotic cells in the liver and the falling counts of activated macrophages. The counts of microbes show a new wave of elevation in tissues by 120th h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The massive penetration of bacteria, the depressed macrophage response in early sepsis following the increased rate of apoptotic macrophages, the different rate of bacterial multiplication in tissues and blood and the second wave of the multiplication of bacteria in tissues in late sepsis all refer to the significance of developing immune dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. htapfer@ut.ee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tapfer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liigant
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Simovart
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Põldoja
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kokk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naaber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talvik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000276:immunology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006321:Heart / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology