title: The effect of feeding ractopamine (Paylean) on muscle quality and sensory characteristics in three diverse genetic lines of swine.
abstract: The present experiment utilized Berkshire (n = 76), Duroc (n = 81), and high-lean commercial crossbred (n = 75) barrows and gilts with an initial BW of approximately 85.1 kg. Pigs were fed a standard commercial diet (17.6% CP, 1.02% lysine) supplemented with ractopamine hydrochloride at a level of 0 or 10 ppm for 28 d. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with animals blocked within genetic line according to litter, gender, and weight, for a total of four blocks per genetic line for each treatment. Pigs were harvested at a commercial abattoir and chilled for 24 h at 1 to 4 degrees C. At 24 h postmortem, wetness and firmness scores and ultimate muscle pH were measured in the center of the longissimus muscle (LM) at the 10th to 11th rib interface. Visual and instrumental color and marbling score were measured at 48 h postmortem on a fresh cut LM surface. Percentage of chemically extracted intramuscular fat (IMF) was measured, and a trained sensory panel evaluated cooked LM chops for juiciness, tenderness, and chewiness. Cooking loss (%) and instrumental measurement of tenderness also were measured on cooked LM chops. Ractopamine treatment increased ADG (P < 0.01) and LM area (P < 0.05), but had no effect (P > 0.05) on LM quality, sensory attributes, or instrumental measures of palatability. Berkshire LM received higher tenderness and juiciness (P < 0.05) scores and had lower cooking losses (P < 0.05) and instrumental tenderness (P < 0.05) than LM from the Duroc and high-lean lines. Loins from barrows were firmer (P < 0.05), had lower drip loss percentages (P < 0.05), and received greater tenderness scores (P < 0.05) than the LM from gilts. Genetic line x treatment and gender x treatment interactions were detected for IMF. The LM of Berkshire pigs fed ractopamine had lower (P < 0.05) IMF than Berkshires fed the control diet, with no interaction in the other lines. Purebred barrows (Berkshire and Duroc) had greater (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) IMF than their respective purebred gilts, with no gender difference in IMF in the high-lean line. Results from the present study indicate that feeding ractopamine does not affect most muscle quality and palatability characteristics. However, the genetic line x treatment interaction for loin IMF suggests that feeding ractopamine might reduce IMF within the loin muscle of genetic lines that have a propensity to produce greater levels of IMF.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Stoller
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Zerby
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Baas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine