title: Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing rural Malawian children.
abstract: Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from 906 Malawian children <5 years old visiting rural health clinics. Pneumococcal colonization was high, 84% among all children, and occurred early, 65% of it in children <3 months old. Among pneumococcal isolates 46% were nonsusceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 21% were nonsusceptible to penicillin. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use in the previous month was a risk factor for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and penicillin nonsusceptibility. Forty-three percent of isolates were serotypes included in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and 37% were vaccine-related serotypes, particularly 6A and 19A.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PHS/DHHS, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. drf0@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Feikin
authors.forename: Mollie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Okey C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Nwanyanwu
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kazembe
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Barat
authors.forename: Avril
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wasas
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bloland
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ziba
authors.forename: Thora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Capper
authors.forename: Robin E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Klugman
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dowell
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination