title: Renal injury in sport.
abstract: Hematuria is the most common presenting sign of renal injury. Its presence in athletes may indicate a benign entity such as exercise-induced hematuria or a more serious injury in the presence of trauma. Exercise-induced hematuria can originate in the kidney, bladder, urethra, or prostate. The type of activity, as well as activity duration and intensity, contributes to its development. A wide differential diagnosis must be considered if hematuria persists longer than 24 to 72 hours. Trauma to the kidney can occur from a direct blow or deceleration; contact and collision sports are most commonly involved. Fortunately, most sports-related renal trauma is mild, and can be managed expectantly. A sporting injury rarely results in nephrectomy. Determining return to play for the athlete with a single kidney remains a controversial issue that requires patient education and an individualized approach.
authors.affiliation: Ball Memorial/Central Indiana Sports Medicine, 3600 West Bethel Avenue, Muncie, IN 47304, USA.
authors.forename: F Clarke
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Sevier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods