title: Remission maintenance by tioguanine in chronic active Crohn's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tioguanine may offer an alternative for immunosuppression in chronic active Crohn's disease. Recently, we have shown that tioguanine is effective in inducing rapid remission.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of tioguanine in the maintenance of remission in chronic active Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A follow-up study was performed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of and tolerance to tioguanine in chronic active Crohn's disease. Sixteen patients who had successfully received 6-tioguanine for remission induction were enrolled. The reasons for immunosuppressive therapy were steroid dependence (n = 10), steroid refractoriness (n = 6) and intolerance (n = 6) or refractoriness (n = 1) to azathioprine. After remission induction therapy for 6 months, patients were treated for another 6 months with a daily dose of 20-40 mg tioguanine. Primary outcomes were remission (Crohn's disease activity index < 150) and complete steroid reduction in steroid-dependent patients at 12 months. Laboratory controls of white blood count and liver enzymes, as well as erythrocyte tioguanine nucleotide levels, were performed regularly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 months of treatment, 14 of 16 (88%) patients were in remission, and 12 of these were completely free of systemic steroids. Adverse events during maintenance therapy included photosensitivity (one patient), minor viral infections (one), headache (four) and mild alopecia (one). One patient developed elevated liver enzymes, splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, indicative of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In responders to tioguanine, the drug appears to be very effective in maintaining remission of chronic active Crohn's disease. Unfortunately, long-term hepatotoxicity seems to be an unpredictable and potentially severe adverse drug reaction. Therefore, to date, tioguanine cannot be recommended for general use outside clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany. klaus.herrlinger@rbk.de
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Herrlinger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deibert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kreisel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fellermann
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Stange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D013256:Steroids; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase; D013866:Thioguanine