title: Sexual transmission of typhoid fever: a multistate outbreak among men who have sex with men.
abstract: In August 2000, the Ohio Department of Health reported a cluster of men with typhoid fever who denied having traveled abroad. To determine the cause and the extent of the outbreak, an epidemiological investigation was initiated in which 7 persons in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana with culture-confirmed Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection and 2 persons with probable typhoid fever were evaluated; all were men, and all but one reported having had sex with 1 asymptomatic male S. Typhi carrier. We document sexual transmission of typhoid fever, which may be acquired by means of oral and anal sex, as well as via food and drink.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. mreller@partners.org
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reller
authors.forename: Sonja J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kressel
authors.forename: Troy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Kristy A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Malcolm P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Adcock
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Mintz
mesh_terms: D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D012485:Salmonella typhi; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*