title: Changes in telomerase activity, expression and splicing in response to differentiation of normal and carcinoma colon cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex catalysing synthesis of telomeric DNA, is an essential cellular immortalizing factor whose activation is a critical step in the progression to malignancy. An important agent maintaining the balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in crypts is butyrate, which is formed in the gastrointestinal tract by anaerobic bacterial fermentation. It inhibits cell growth, induces differentiation and triggers apoptosis in neoplastic colonocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the responses of adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and fetal (FHC) human colon cells to 5 mM sodium butyrate (NaBt) have been compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the similar general response of both cell lines to NaBt, i.e., G0/G1 arrest, decrease of growth rate and increase of differentiation (as indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity), they differ in the level and dynamics of the measured parameters. Telomerase activity and the level of mRNA for its catalytic subunit (hTERT) decline significantly after 48 hours, reaching a complete inhibition after 144 hours. While both cell lines show similar kinetics of hTERT transcriptional silencing, the down-regulation of telomerase activity is faster in FHC cells. Correspondingly, we show that a candidate posttranscriptional regulation step, differential splicing of hTERT mRNA, may be involved in the faster loss of telomerase activity in FHC cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in hTERT mRNA splicing may represent a useful marker of telomere metabolism in normal and malignant colon cells and that these changes may be connected with different cytokinetic patterns of these cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic. fajkus@ibp.cz
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fajkus
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borsky
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kunická
authors.forename: Martiná
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovaríková
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dvoráková
authors.forename: Jirina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmanová
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozubík
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D019098:Telomerase