title: Validation of the bispectral index monitor during conscious and deep sedation in children.
abstract: In this study, we tested the validity of the bispectral index (BIS) monitor during conscious and deep sedation of children by comparing it with the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS), a validated observational pediatric sedation scale. Eighty-six children <12 yr of age were enrolled in this observational study. The subjects underwent conscious or deep sedation administered by non-anesthesiologists for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in four departments in a children's hospital. Sedation medications varied among departments and were not controlled by the study protocol. An independent observer derived a UMSS score at 10-min intervals for 1 h during sedation; personnel administering sedation medications and performing the procedures were blinded to the BIS and UMSS scores. Significant correlation between BIS scores and UMSS scores was found (r = -0.704, P < 0.0001), including in subjects <6 mo of age (n = 6) (r = -0.761, P < 0.001). Poor correlation was found when ketamine or an oral combination of chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine, and meperidine were used for sedation. We conclude that BIS correlates well with UMSS scores and may be a valid measure of conscious and deep sedation in children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We compared bispectral index scores with a validated observational scale of conscious and deep sedation in children and found significant correlation. We conclude that the bispectral index may be a valid measurement of depth of sedation in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80218, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole Brown
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Tamitha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: VanSickle
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Motas
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Friesen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D010424:Pentobarbital
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D007649:Ketamine; D010424:Pentobarbital; D008874:Midazolam