title: Lumbar peritoneal shunting with video-laparoscopic assistance: a useful technique for the management of refractory postoperative lumbar CSF leaks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebrospinal fistulas and pseudomeningoceles can occur after lumbar spinal surgery, and are sometimes refractory to direct repair, external drainage, and blood patches. The authors report a technique for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion from the lumbar spine to the peritoneum to assist with the management of these difficult situations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using video-laparoscopic assistance, two shunts are placed from the lumbar region into the peritoneal cavity: first, a lumbar subarachnoid space to peritoneum shunt; and second, a meningocele cavity to peritoneum shunt. Patients are ambulated immediately after the procedure. External drains are not used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients with refractory CSF leaks were successfully managed with this technique. Complications associated with prolonged bedrest and external drains were avoided. Ancillary procedures were minimized, and hospital stay was shortened. Laparoscopic assistance offered verification of accurate placement of the peritoneal catheter and shortened operative times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual lumbar peritoneal shunts (intrathecal-peritoneal and meningocele cavity-peritoneal), placed with laparoscopic assistance, proved effective in the management of four patients with postoperative lumbar CSF leaks, who had failed to respond to conventional treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
authors.forename: H Gordon
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Deen
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.forename: Bernd U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Sevin
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Wharen
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reimer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000379:methods*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D010537:Peritoneum; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013353:Subdural Effusion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014743:Videotape Recording