title: Lipid-lowering properties of TAK-475, a squalene synthase inhibitor, in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: 1. Squalene synthase is the enzyme that converts farnesyl pyrophosphate to squalene in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We examined the lipid-lowering properties of 1-[[(3R,5S)-1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetyl]piperidine-4-acetic acid (TAK-475), a novel squalene synthase inhibitor. 2. TAK-475 inhibited hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis in rats (ED(50), 2.9 mg kg(-1)) and showed lipid-lowering effects in beagle dogs, marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys and Wistar fatty rats. 3. In marmosets, TAK-475 (30, 100 mg kg(-1), p.o., for 4 days) lowered both plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride, but did not affect plasma HDL cholesterol. On the other hand, atorvastatin (10, 30 mg kg(-1), p.o., for 4 days) lowered the levels of all these lipids. A correlation between decrease in triglyceride and increase in HDL cholesterol was observed, and TAK-475 increased HDL cholesterol with a smaller decrease in triglyceride than did atorvastatin. 4. TAK-475 (60 mg kg(-1), p.o., for 15 days) suppressed the rate of triglyceride secretion from the liver in hypertriglyceridemic Wistar fatty rats, which show an enhanced triglyceride secretion rate from the liver compared with their lean littermates. 5. In HepG2 cells, TAK-475 and its pharmacologically active metabolite, T-91485, increased the binding of (125)I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to LDL receptors. 6. These results suggest that TAK-475 has clear hypolipidemic effects in animals via inhibition of hepatic triglyceride secretion and upregulation of LDL receptors, and that TAK-475 might increase HDL cholesterol by decreasing triglyceride. Thus, TAK-475 is expected to be useful for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tozawa
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yukimasa
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix; D002460:Cell Line; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D010077:Oxazepines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C466644:1-((1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl)acetyl)piperidine-4-acetic acid; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010077:Oxazepines; D010880:Piperidines; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase