title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report on 2000 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a retrospective study to evaluate the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after 2000 cases at a single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1992 and February 2000, 2000 patients (1458 females and 542 males, mean age 39.8 years) with symptomatic gallstones underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All cases were diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was done for 31 patients. Four trocars were used for all except 20 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 45 +/- 15 minutes. Conversion to open cholecystectomy occurred in 147 patients (7.35%). Adhesions were the commonest cause of conversion (2.9%). There was no technique-related mortality. Bile duct injury occurred in 7 cases (0.35%), reconstruction by Rouxen-Y hepaticojejunostomy was necessary in 5 cases and the injury was successfully managed by endoscopic stent in 2 cases. Bile leakage occurred in 11 cases (0.55%), peritonitis in 5 cases (0.25%), internal hemorrhage in 9 cases (0.45%), cystic artery injury in 17 cases (0.85%), pneumothorax in one case (0.05%) and subcutaneous emphysema in 3 cases (0.15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a good alternative to open cholecystectomy with an acceptable morbidity. Conversion to open cholecystectomy at the proper time will prevent major complications.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Surgery Centre, Mansoura University, Gehan Street, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fathy
authors.forename: M Abu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zeid
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fouad
authors.forename: A Abu
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Eleinien
authors.forename: N Gad
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: el-Hak
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eleibiedy
authors.forename: M Abd
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: el-Wahab
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ezzat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000293:injuries; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies