title: [Urological diagnosis of prostate carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize current urologic measures in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current urologic literature as listed by electronic literature search and retrieval media (PubMed, Medline) was evaluated. Current measures and trends in the diagnosis of prostate cancer were summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCA) is crucial because PCA can be curatively treated only in its early stages. German general health insurance covers digital rectal examination (DRE) in men over the age of 45, however measurement of prostate specific antigen-serum levels (PSA) as a screening measure for PCA is not covered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRE, PSA-serum level measurements, transrectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy are essential in the early diagnosis of PCA.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt der LMU München, Munich.
authors.forename: U L
authors.initials: UL
authors.lastname: Müller-Lisse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen