title: Induction of adiponectin, a fat-derived antidiabetic and antiatherogenic factor, by nuclear receptors.
abstract: Adiponectin is a fat-derived hormone with antidiabetic and antiatherogenic properties. Hypoadiponectinemia seen in obesity is associated with insulin-resistant diabetes and atherosclerosis. Thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists, have been shown to increase plasma adiponectin levels by the transcriptional induction in adipose tissues. However, the precise mechanism of such action is unknown. In this study, we have identified a functional PPAR-responsive element (PPRE) in human adiponectin promoter. PPAR-gamma/retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimer directly bound to the PPRE and increased the promoter activity in cells. In adipocytes, point mutation of the PPRE markedly reduced the basal transcriptional activity and completely blocked thiazolidinedione-induced transactivation of adiponectin promoter. We have also identified a responsive element of another orphan nuclear receptor, liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), in adiponectin promoter. LRH-1 was expressed in 3T3-L1 cells and rat adipocytes. LRH-1 bound specifically to the identified responsive element (LRH-RE). LRH-1 augmented PPAR-gamma-induced transactivation of adiponectin promoter, and point mutation of the LRH-RE significantly decreased the basal and thiazolidinedione-induced activities of adiponectin promoter. Our results indicate that PPAR-gamma and LRH-1 play significant roles in the transcriptional activation of adiponectin gene via the PPRE and the LRH-RE in its promoter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Morihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makishima
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D052242:Adiponectin; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008156:Luciferases