title: The late outcomes of vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most serious complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) resulting in high morbidity and mortality rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term results of vena cava filters (VCFs) placement for prevention of PE in high- risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1999 and March 2002, at the Trauma and Surgical Emergency Service of Istanbul Medical Faculty, 15 high-risk patients who underwent placement of filters were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were eleven males (73%) and four females (27%) with mean age of 50 years (range 14 to 76). Eleven of VCFs were placed for prophylactic and four for therapeutic purposes. The indications of VCFs placement are as follows: Spinal cord injury with life-long paraplegia in eight and quadriplegia in two patients, venous thromboembolism while on anticoagulation in two patients, contraindications to anticoagulation in three patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 17 months (range 3-32 months). No patients developed DVT and recurrent DVT. No patients clinically had signs or symptoms of PE. There was one insertion site thrombosis that related to VCF complications, which resolved with medical therapy. Four patients died during the study period. Medical records revealed no evidence of PE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although VCF placement seems to prevent PE in high- risk patients, prospective randomized trials with larger patient groups and longer-term follow up period are necessary to evaluate efficacy and safety of VCF in prevention of PE before making definitive conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University Istanbul Tip Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey. metlevkurt@superonline.com
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurtoğlu
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Güloğlu
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alimoğlu
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Necefli
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poyanli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D016306:Vena Cava Filters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology