title: Endovascular treatment for dural arteriovenous fistulae of the superior petrosal sinus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the usefulness of endovascular embolization for treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulae of the superior petrosal sinus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of 18 patients treated during a 16-year period. Transarterial and/or transvenous embolizations were performed as a preoperative adjunct or definitive therapy. Clinical follow-up status was supplemented by telephone interviews to determine Glasgow Outcome Scale scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients (78%) were treated with a combination of endovascular therapy and open surgery, and 4 were treated by embolization alone (22%). Angiographic cure was achieved in all patients (100%). Thirty-day morbidity and mortality were 11 and 0%, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 5.4 years. At the latest follow-up examination, all patients had returned to independent clinical status (Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 1 or 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulae of the superior petrosal sinus can result in cure when access to the site of the fistula can be achieved. Preoperative embolization is a safe and effective adjunct to minimize bleeding during open neurosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, University of California at San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Perry P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Van V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Halbach
authors.forename: Roswell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balousek
authors.forename: Louis P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Caragine
authors.forename: Christopher F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: Randall T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors