title: Exchanging carbohydrates for monounsaturated fats in energy-restricted diets: effects on metabolic profile and other cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, as observed in energy-balance conditions after exchanging carbohydrates (CHO) for monounsaturated (MUFA) fats, are also observed in energy-restricted conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, clinical intervention study using two types of energy-restricted diets (-30% of initial energy intake) with similar levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fats: a high CHO diet (55% of energy from CHOs, 10% from MUFAs) and a high MUFA diet (40% of energy from CHOs, 25% from MUFAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 overweight subjects (nine males, 23 females, BMI: 26-45 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Body weight, serum lipids, fasting plasma insulin and phospholipid fatty acid composition of red blood cells were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Various oxidative status parameters (plasma lipid hydroperoxides, total plasma antioxidant capacity, plasma uric acid and vitamin E) and serum-induced smooth muscular cell (SMC) proliferation were also measured at these time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight loss (1.1 kg/week over the first 4 weeks and 6.7 kg at week 8) was not significantly affected by the diet composition. Both diets reduced significantly total serum cholesterol, but the MUFA-rich diet showed better effects on fasting serum triacylglycerol (TG) than the CHO-rich diet: 1.18 vs 1.51 mmol/l for the MUFA-rich diet (after vs before, P<0.05) and 1.42 vs 1.62 for the CHO-rich diet. After 8 weeks, plasma vitamin E concentrations were positively associated with the oleic acid level of red blood cell phospholipids and showed opposite variations in both diets (increase with the MUFA-rich diet and decrease with the CHO-rich diet). Relative changes in SMC proliferation induced by sera were negatively associated with the ratio oleic:linoleic acid of red blood cell phospholipids and were significantly higher with the CHO-rich diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MUFA-rich diet showed better effects on serum TG than the CHO-rich diet, even with energy restriction and weight loss. The results suggest also a protective effect of oleic acid on oxidative stress and SMC proliferation, two other important cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Atherogenesis, University Institute of Clinical Research, Montpellier, Cedex, France. colette@iurc1.iurc.montp.inserm.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colette
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Percheron
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pares-Herbute
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brillant
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Descomps
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monnier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D007328:Insulin