New approaches to the endocrine prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
All major endocrine prevention approaches act via the estrogen receptor (ER). A simple hypothesis concerning ER expression and breast cancer risk is outlined. We review breast cancer prevention trials with tamoxifen, raloxifene, aromatase inhibitors, and ovarian suppression. Current and planned endocrine prevention trials in populations of pre- and postmenopausal women at risk of breast cancer are summarized and endocrine therapy after primary surgery and for advanced disease discussed.
Howell
Anthony
A
CRUK Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX, Manchester, UK. maria.parker@christie-tr.nwest.nhs.uk
Howell
Sacha J
SJ
Evans
D Gareth
DG
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012306:Risk; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride