title: A Link between circadian-controlled bHLH factors and the APRR1/TOC1 quintet in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: APRR1 (ARABIDPSIS PSUEDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 1) (or TOC1, TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1) is believed to be a crucial component of biological clocks of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nevertheless, its molecular function remains to be fully elucidated. Based on the results of yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding assays, we previously showed that APRR1/TOC1 interacts with certain bHLH factors (i.e. PIF3 and PIL1, which are PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 and its homolog (PIF3-LIKE 1), respectively). To critically examine the relevance of PIL1 with reference to the function of APRR1/TOC1, T-DNA insertion mutants were isolated for PIL1. No phenotype was observed for such homozygous pil1 mutants, in terms of circadian-associated events in plants. We then examined more extensively a certain set of bHLH factors, which are considerably similar to PIL1 in their structural designs. The results of extensive analyses of such bHLH factors (namely, HFR1, PIL2, PIF4, PIL5 and PIL6) in wild-type and APRR1-overexressing (APRR1-ox) transgenic lines provided us with several new insights into a link between APRR1/TOC1 and these bHLH factors. In yeast two-hybrid assays, APRR1/TOC1 showed the ability to interact with these proteins (except for HFR1), as well as PIL1 and PIF3. Among them, it was found that the expressions of PIF4 and PIL6 were regulated in a circadian-dependent manner, exhibiting free-running robust rhythms. The expressions of PIF4 and PIL6 were regulated also by light in a manner that their transcripts were rapidly accumulated upon exposure of etiolated seedlings to light. The light-induced expressions of PIF4 and PIL6 were severely impaired in APRR1-ox transgenic lines. Taken together, here we propose the novel view that these bHLH factors (PIF4 and PIL6) might play roles, in concert with APRR1/TOC1, in the integration of light-signals to control both circadian and photomorphogenic processes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashino
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsushika
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Shusei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010834:Phytochrome; D014157:Transcription Factors; C116162:PIF3 protein, Arabidopsis; C459466:PIF4 protein, Arabidopsis; C456844:PIL1 protein, Arabidopsis; C411822:TOC1 protein, Arabidopsis