title: Suitability of oligonucleotide-mediated cystic fibrosis gene repair in airway epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-viral vector-mediated targeted gene repair could become a useful alternative to classical gene addition strategies. The methodology guarantees a physiologically regulated and persistent expression of the repaired gene, with reported gene conversion and phenotypic correction efficiencies approaching 40-50% in some in vitro and in vivo models of disease. This is particularly important for cystic fibrosis (CF) because of its complex pathophysiology and the cellular heterogeneity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene expression and function in the lung.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cell-free biochemical assay was applied to assess the ability of CF airway epithelial cells to support chimeraplast-mediated repair. In addition, a methodology allowing the relative quantification of the percentage of W1282X mutation repair in a heterozygous background using the PCR/oligonucleotide ligation assay (PCR/OLA) was developed. The performance of different chimeraplast and short single-stranded oligonucleotide structures delivered by non-viral vectors and electroporation was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chimeraplast-mediated repair competency was corroborated in CF airway epithelial cells. However, their repair activity was about 5-fold lower than that found in liver cells. Moreover, regardless of the corrector oligonucleotide structure applied to our CF bronchial epithelial cells, of compound heterozygous genotype (F508del/W1282X), the percentage of their resulting wild-type allele in the W1282X (exon 20) locus of the CFTR gene was not significantly different from that of the control untreated cells by our PCR/OLA assay (confidence interval at 95% +/- 4 allele wild-type).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oligonucleotide-mediated CFTR gene repair is an inefficient process in CF airway epithelial cells. Further improvements in oligonucleotide structure, nuclear delivery and/or the capability for mismatch repair stimulation will be necessary to achieve therapeutic levels of mutation correction in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Institut de Recerca Oncològica, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Semir
authors.forename: Marga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larriba
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avinyó
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Estivill
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aran
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D018390:Gene Targeting; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator