[Acute pancreatic necrosis complicated by infection and gastro-intestinal translocation: pathogenesis correlation and therapeutic implication].
The authors define pathogenetics correlations as a acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by infection and bacterial translocation. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis infection occurs for gastrointestinal bacterial translocation due to structural and functional modifications of intestinal mucosa. These modifications are results of mucosa ischemic-reperfusion system caused by systemic emodynamic instability in micro- and macro-circulation of splanchnic district. Emodynamic systemic instability has a central role in different multiple physiopathologic phenomena (ipovolemic shock; pancreatic shock, SIRS), which is caused by acute pancreatic necrosis and carries to common way established by severe systemics emodinamics modifications; these changes promote growth of adverse events which conduce by means of process previously described to bacterial translocation and infection of acute pancreatic necrosis. Indeed, emodynamic systemic instability of any etiology, can determine for one way bacterial translocation and on the other acute ischemic pancreatitis; both phenomena concur lead to cause beginning of acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by infection. The authors confirm that improved knowledge of acute pancreatic necrosis complicated by infection and own pathogenetic correlations with bacterial translocation, allows the realization of therapeutic measures aimed to prophylaxis of infection of acute pancreatic necrosis. Central emodynamic stability regularization of splanchnic perfusion and antibiotic prophylaxis, have a central role in prophylaxis of infection of acute pancreatic necrosis. Antibiotic is given by systemic (imipenem e.v.) and selective decontamination of gastrointestinal tract (SDD). SDD provides for oral antibiotic prophylaxis (PTA protocol) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (cefotaxime and gentamicin), in addition to microbiologic and gastrointestinal monitoring. If on the one hand the role of SDD about mortality reduction is not clear, however, on the other it is well recognized capacity of reduction the intercurrents and pulmonary infections. Other Authors think that SDD is insignificant on early mortality, whereas, is a good option to reduce late and overall mortality of acute pancreatic necrosis complicated by infection.
Miniello
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Dipartimento per le Applicazioni in Chirurgia delle Tecnologie Innovative (D.A.C.T.I.), Università degli Studi di Bari.
Testini
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Amoruso
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D000465:Algorithms; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents