title: Changes in nerve root motion and intraradicular blood flow during an intraoperative straight-leg-raising test.
abstract: METHODS
  An intraoperative straight-leg-raising (SLR) test was conducted to investigate patients with lumbar disc herniation to observe the changes in intraradicular blood flow, which then were compared with the clinical features.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The legs of each patient were hung down from the operating table as a reverse SLR test during surgery, and intraradicular blood flow was measured.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is not known whether intraradicular blood flow changes during the SLR test in patients with lumbar disc herniation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 12 patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent microdiscectomy. The patients were asked to adopt the prone position immediately before surgery, so that their legs hung down from the operating table. A reverse SLR test was performed to confirm the angle at which sciatica developed. During the operation, the nerve roots affected by the hernia were observed under a microscope. Then the needle sensor of a laser Doppler flow meter was inserted into each nerve root immediately above the hernia. The patient's legs were allowed to hang down to the angle at which sciatica had occurred, and the change in intraradicular blood flow was measured. After removal of the hernia, a similar procedure was repeated, and intraradicular blood flow was measured again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative microscopy showed that the hernia was adherent to the dura mater of the nerve roots in all patients. The intraoperative reverse SLR test showed that the hernia compressed the nerve roots, and that there was marked disturbance of gliding, which was reduced to only a few millimeters. During the test, intraradicular blood flow showed a sharp decrease at the angle that produced sciatica, which lasted for 1 minute. Intraradicular flow decreased by 40% to 98% (average, 70.6% +/- 20.5%) in the L5 nerve root, and by 41% to 96% (average, 72.0% +/- 22.9%) in the S1 nerve roots relative to the blood flow before the test. At 1 minute after completion of the test, intraradicular blood flow returned to the value obtained at baseline. After removal of the hernia, all thepatients showed smooth gliding of the nerve roots during the second intraoperative test, and there was no marked decrease in intraradicular blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the blood flow in the nerve root is reduced when the nerve root is compressed in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Fukui University School Of Medicine, Fukui, Japan. kshigeru@f8.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shizu
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Hidezo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D003949:Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical; D017586:Diskectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012585:Sciatica / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery