Control of Ras cycling by Ca2+.
Ras GTPases are binary switches, cycling between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form at the membrane. They transduce signals into the cytoplasm via effector pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Ras activation is enhanced by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs); deactivation is accelerated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Recently, new roles for Ca(2+) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the control of Ras cycling have emerged with the discovery of a series of novel GEFs and GAPs. These regulators of Ras cycling are likely to play a key role in the information processing of Ca(2+) and DAG signals.
Walker
Simon A
SA
Inositide Group, Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrated Signalling, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
Cullen
Peter J
PJ
Taylor
James A
JA
Lockyer
Peter J
PJ
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D018631:ras Proteins; D002118:Calcium