title: Immunohistochemical expression of the tumour marker CA-125 in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the tissue distribution of CA-125 in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial tissue was obtained from women in proliferative (n = 5), early secretory (ES; n = 4) and late secretory (LS; n = 4) phase as well as glandular-cystic hyperplasia (n = 5), endometrial polyps (n = 5), endometrial polyps caused by tamoxifen use (n = 5), adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) grade I (n = 5), grade II (n = 4), grade III (n = 5) and endometroid adenocarcinoma (n = 5). The CA-125 expression was evaluated with the semiquantitative IRS-Score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CA-125 expression was observed in glandular and luminal epithelial cells, being significantly higher during LS than ES. The highest CA-125 reaction was observed in AH III in glandular and luminal cells, which was statistically higher compared to all groups (except glandular cells: proliferative and LS; luminal cells: AH I-II, glandular-cystic polyps).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA-125 was expressed in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial tissue with a cyclical expression in premenopausal endometrial glandular cells. Adenocarcinoma expressed CA-125 with a lower intensity. The highest expression was observed in AH III in luminal and glandular cells, therefore CA-125 could be a marker of malignant cell transformation.
authors.affiliation: 1. Frauenklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany. ioannis_mylonas@gmx.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mylonas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Makovitzky
authors.forename: D U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jeschke
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Briese
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D011127:Polyps / Q000473:pathology; D017697:Premenopause; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D018394:CA-125 Antigen