title: Classifying lower limb dynamics in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: To classify lower limb dynamics in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a clinical study by using pedaling exercise.Twenty-seven patients with idiopathic PD were included in this study. We measured rotational velocities of pedals during pedaling movements with a newly developed ergometer. The velocity waveforms exhibited different characteristics among patients, which could be categorized into four different clusters. In cluster 1, the amplitude on each side was constant and the relative phase was locked at 180 degrees. The pattern was the same as seen in normal subjects. In cluster 2, the amplitude on each side was constant, but the relative phase was locked at 90 degrees. In cluster 3, the amplitude on each side was modulated, and the relative phase drifted monotonously from 0 to 360 degrees during pedaling cycles. In cluster 4, the amplitude on each side was synchronously and irregularly modulated, and the relative phase fluctuated with intermittent spike-like decrement. In order to evaluate, the correlation between pattern and severity of PD, we divided 13 patients, who underwent measurement of pedaling patterns more than three times, into three groups, and found that the abnormal coordination pattern correlated with the presence of freezing phenomenon in patients with PD. Our clinical analysis may contribute in analyzing and classifying the dynamics of PD.
authors.affiliation: D-4, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. abe@neurol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Taishin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mizukura
authors.forename: Sabro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakoda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013997:Time Factors