title: LR-90 a new advanced glycation endproduct inhibitor prevents progression of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advanced glycation and lipoxidation endproducts have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy. LR-90, a new advanced glycation endproduct inhibitor, was investigated for its effects on the development of renal disease in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic animals were randomly allocated into groups receiving LR-90 or vehicle (untreated). Age- and weight-matched non-diabetic rats were studied concurrently. Body weight, plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, urinary albumin and creatine excretions were measured serially. Kidney histopathology, AGE accumulation in cells and tissues, protein oxidation, were also examined. In vitro assays were used to assess the possible mechanism of action of LR-90.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LR-90 inhibited the increase in albumin and creatinine concentrations, and concentrations of circulating AGE in diabetic rats without any effect on glycaemic control. LR-90 treated-rats also showed higher body weights than untreated diabetic rats. LR-90 prevented glomerulosclerosis, tubular degeneration and collagen deposition in the kidney. AGE-induced cross-linking and fluorescence of tail collagen were reduced by LR-90 treatment. LR-90 also decreased AGE accumulation in kidney glomeruli and nitrotyrosine deposition in the renal cortex. In vitro, LR-90 was capable of reacting with reactive carbonyl compounds and was a more potent metal chelator than pyridoxamine and aminoguanidine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LR-90 reduces in vivo AGE accumulation, AGE-protein cross-linking and protein oxidation, and could be beneficial in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The AGE inhibitory and therapeutic effects of LR-90 could be attributed, at least in part, to its ability to react with reactive carbonyl species and/or potent metal chelating activity that inhibits glycoxidative-AGE formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Figarola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tessler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahbar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002087:Butyrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002087:Butyrates; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; C485003:LR-90