Patterns of volatile metabolites and nonvolatile trichothecenes produced by isolates of Stachybotrys, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium and Memnoniella.
We reported previously that trichodiene, a volatile trichothecene derivative, was produced by a Stachybotrys isolate, also known to produce highly cytotoxic, non-volatile, macrocyclic trichothecenes (satrotoxins). We investigated the relationship between the production of trichodiene and various non-volatile trichothecenes for several molds. Volatile metabolites were concentrated by adsorption on Tenax TA and analyzed by GC/MS, while non-volatile metabolites were separated by HPLC, derivatized and analyzed by GC/MS. Stachybotrys chartarum isolates producing macrocyclic trichothecenes secreted significantly larger amounts of trichodiene and other sesquiterpenes than isolates which only produced simple trichothecenes. The amounts of secreted trichodiene were relatively small in all cases. With the exception of Memnoniella, which excreted small amounts of sesquiterpenes, the other isolates produced varying amounts of sesquiterpenes, including trichodiene, as well as simple tricothecenes, no detectable trichodiene, but large amounts of griseofulvin derivatives. In Stachybotrys there is apparently a correlation between trichodiene and macrocyclic trichothecene production. In the remaining isolates, there was no simple relationship between trichodiene and non-volatile trichothecene synthesis. Trichodiene is produced in larger amounts by Stachybotrys isolates, which also produce satratoxins, but it will be difficult to utilize this metabolite to detect toxic isolates in buildings due to the relatively small amounts excreted.
Wilkins
Ken
K
National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ckw@ami.dk
Nielsen
Kristian Fog
KF
Din
Sla Ud
SU
D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D018877:Sick Building Syndrome; D013191:Stachybotrys / Q000378:metabolism*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
D053138:Cyclohexenes; D009183:Mycotoxins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014255:Trichothecenes; C012075:trichodiene