title: Pharmacokinetics of anakinra in subjects with different levels of renal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to assess the effects of decreased renal function and dialysis on anakinra pharmacokinetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2 separate studies anakinra (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously to 12 healthy subjects and 20 subjects with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. In a third study anakinra (100 mg) was given subcutaneously to 30 subjects who had been assigned to 5 groups according to renal function, as follows: normal (creatinine clearance [CL(cr)] >80 mL/min), mildly impaired (CL(cr) = 50-80 mL/min), moderately impaired (CL(cr) = 30-49 mL/min), severely impaired (CL(cr) <30 mL/min), and end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Plasma samples were collected up to 96 hours after dosing for anakinra measurement by enzyme-linked immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean plasma clearance (CL) of anakinra after intravenous administration was reduced from 137 +/- 21 mL/min in the healthy subjects to approximately 20 mL/min for the subjects with end-stage renal disease (P <.0001). The removal of anakinra by dialysis was less than 2.5% of the dose administered. Compared with mean anakinra clearance (CL/F) after subcutaneous administration in the group with normal renal function (170 +/- 37 mL/min), CL/F was reduced by 16% in the mildly impaired group (142 +/- 59 mL/min), by 50% in the moderately impaired group (84.5 +/- 24.7 mL/min, P <.05), by 70% in the severely impaired group (51.5 +/- 8.4 mL/min, P <.05), and by 75% in the group with end-stage renal disease (42.7 +/- 4.7 mL/min, P <.05). A significant correlation between anakinra CL/F and CL(cr) was observed [log(CL/F) = 1.65 + 0.0062. CL(cr); r(2) = 0.718].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anakinra is predominantly cleared renally in humans; the plasma clearance of anakinra decreased with decreasing renal function. The dialysis process has a minimal effect on the removal of anakinra. Our results suggest that a dose or schedule adjustment is indicated for persons with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics/Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA. byang@amgen.com
authors.forename: Bing-Bing
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D003404:Creatinine