title: Effects of exercise training added to ongoing hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in frail elderly women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether exercise training added to ongoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases bone mineral density (BMD) in physically frail elderly women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight women on HRT, aged 75 and older with physical frailty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were assigned to 9 months of supervised (EXER) or home (HOME) exercise. The EXER program started with physical therapy and gradually incorporated resistance and endurance training. The HOME program consisted of flexibility exercises.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in BMD and body composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were larger increases in lumbar spine BMD in response to EXER than with HOME (3.5% vs 1.5%, P =.048), with a trend for larger increases in total body BMD (1.5% vs 0.2%, P =.058). There were no significant between-group differences in hip BMD. The EXER group had decreases in weight (-2.2 +/- 0.3 kg, P =.010) and fat mass (-2.7 +/- 0.4 kg, P =.018) and increases in muscle strength (9-30%, P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In physically frail elderly women on HRT, relatively vigorous exercise training significantly increased lumbar spine BMD. The improved BMD and strength in response to exercise could reduce fracture risk in frail women already on HRT.
authors.affiliation: Washington University Claude Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, USA. dvillare@im.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Dennis T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Villareal
authors.forename: Ellen F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Yarasheski
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Marybeth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sinacore
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kohrt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate