title: Screening for basic drugs in 2-mL urine samples by dual-plate overpressured layer chromatography and comparison with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A dual-plate overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) method was evaluated for broad-scale screening of basic drugs in 2-mL autopsy urine samples. Extraction was carried out by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction, and identification was based on automated comparison of corrected Rf values (hRfc) and in situ UV spectra with library values by dedicated software. The day-to-day precision of hRfc values was good in both OPLC1 and OPLC2 systems with median relative standard deviations of 2.4% and 3.4%, respectively. Both Rf and hRfc values were independent of the amount of analyte (0.5-10 microg) applied to the plate. Detection limits were determined for 47 drug substances in 2-mL urine samples, and they varied between 0.05 and 3.5 mg/L with a median of 1.0 mg/L. The performance of OPLC was evaluated by analyzing 30 autopsy urine samples by both OPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The majority of findings by OPLC were in agreement with GC-MS. Some substances with low concentrations were not detected by OPLC, whereas GC-MS failed to detect a few polar substances. The OPLC method thus provides an alternative for current planar and column liquid chromatographic drug screening methods with the possibility of lowering detection limits by using a larger sample size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, PO Box 40, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. anna.pelander@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelander
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ojanperä
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sistonen
authors.forename: Ilpo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rasanen
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vuori
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000652:urine*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis; D011042:Poisons / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011042:Poisons