title: Origins of the extraction controversey in American orthodontics (1880-1910).
abstract: Extraction of permanent teeth in the course of orthodontic treatment remains controversial. Today, opinions vary widely as to how frequently such extractions are necessary. Many dentists appreciate, however, that in the 1920s and 1930s, orthodontists virtually never prescribed extraction. The movement to abolish extraction therapy in orthodontics really began in the late Nineteenth Century. Led by Edward H. Angle, this "New School of Orthodontics," despite an explosion of activity during the first decade of the Twentieth Century, did not rapidly succeed in its mission. During the period considered in this study, dentists continued to extract teeth to treat orthodontic problems and even many experts in orthodontics continued to vociferously defend this practice. Claims of the extremists, whether in favor of or against extraction, did not benefit from true scientific evidence. Dentists based their theories on experience or mere conjecture. The situation today is not very different. Before taking an unqualified stand on the issue of extraction, one should realize that, historically, such stands have proven unconvincing. The fashion of a period may favor one side over the other only for the situation to reverse in the next period.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Chaninah L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zweihorn
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States