title: Differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic spine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the differences of lumbosacral kinematics between degenerative and induced spondylolisthetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Translations and angulations of spondylolisthetic spine from L1-L2 to L5-S1 were documented by taking X-ray films at flexion, standing and extension positions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The unstable mechanism of spondylolisthesis leads to lower back pain. It is important to determine the kinematics and the process of spondylolisthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen subjects with spondylolisthesis participated in this research, seven subjects with diagnosis of degenerative and 12 with induced spondylolisthesis, were taken lateral radiographs at three positions including flexion, standing and extension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences of angulation among three positions (flexion, standing, and extension) at different levels were statistically significant (P<0.05) in both spondylolisthetic groups. The differences of translation among three different positions in induced spondylolisthetic group had a statistical significance (P<0.05) except at the level of L5-S1 (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Segmental total translation and angulation at each level of induced spondylolisthetic spine were greater than those of degenerative spondylolisthetic spine except L5-S1 level, which illustrated the evolution of spondylolisthesis from unstable to less unstable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed induced spondylolisthesis may link to degenerative spondylolisthesis. It provided essential knowledge to detect the evolution of degenerative spondylolisthesis clinically earlier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Management, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kuen-Horng
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Guan-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hui-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dar-Chyi
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Li-Tung
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ruey-Mo
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012447:Sacrum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000503:physiopathology*