Estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators and now mechanism-specific ligands of the estrogen or androgen receptor?
Estrogen, the traditional treatment of both short- and long-term consequences of the menopause, has fallen into disfavor. Thus, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been used as an alternative approach to activate estrogen signaling pathways in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, recent findings indicate that some compounds might activate specific estrogen signaling pathways that are beneficial without affecting other pathways that might lead to the harmful side-effects associated with estrogen. These so-called mechanism-specific ligands of estrogen or androgen receptors hold considerable promise as novel approaches to treat (or at least ameliorate) the consequences of estrogen deficiency.
Khosla
Sundeep
S
Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. khosla.sundeep@mayo.edu
D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D017698:Postmenopause; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*
D004967:Estrogens; D008024:Ligands; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators