title: MeCP2 and promoter methylation cooperatively regulate E-cadherin gene expression in colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: Reduced expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) owing to aberrant 5'CpG island hypermethylation has been regarded as one of the main molecular events involved in the dysfunction of the cell-cell adhesion system. The molecular mechanisms providing diversity and heterogeneity of E-cad expression in colorectal carcinoma were explored. In 29 cases of colorectal carcinoma in Indonesia, the expression of E-cad was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, the methylation status of the E-cad promoter was determined by methylation-specific PCR, and the expression of methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP) 2 was studied by in situ hybridization. E-cad expression was strong, and no methylation was observed in normal colon mucosa and most of the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. In contrast, both signet-ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma showed fully methylated patterns and strong MeCP2 expression. In moderately- and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, however, E-cad expression was rather heterogeneous, especially at the front of invasion and in the dissociated areas, where loss of MeCP2 expression correlated with E-cad reexpression even in the presence of E-cad promoter methylation. We conclude that both CpG methylation of the E-cad promoter and significant MeCP2 expression cooperatively and epigenetically regulate E-cad expression in colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darwanto
authors.forename: Riko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.forename: Sakan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Sohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018279:Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015342:DNA Probes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051783:Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D015342:DNA Probes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497392:MECP2 protein, human; D051783:Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D012097:Repressor Proteins