title: Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: results from a multisite case control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This 11-city study sought to identify risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proxies of 220 intimate partner femicide victims identified from police or medical examiner records were interviewed, along with 343 abused control women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preincident risk factors associated in multivariate analyses with increased risk of intimate partner femicide included perpetrator's access to a gun and previous threat with a weapon, perpetrator's stepchild in the home, and estrangement, especially from a controlling partner. Never living together and prior domestic violence arrest were associated with lowered risks. Significant incident factors included the victim having left for another partner and the perpetrator's use of a gun. Other significant bivariate-level risks included stalking, forced sex, and abuse during pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are identifiable risk factors for intimate partner femicides.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2110, USA. jcampbell@son.jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Jacquelyn C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koziol-McLain
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Faye
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharps
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wilt
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manganello
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schollenberger
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laughon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018585:Battered Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*