title: n-3 long-chain FA decrease serum levels of TG and remnant-like particle-cholesterol in humans.
abstract: A large number of papers have reported that administration of n-3 FA reduced serum TG concentrations in hypertriglyceridemic patients. However, few studies have examined the effect of n-3 FA on serum concentrations of remnant-like particle (RLP) cholesterol. Volunteers (n = 41) whose serum TG concentrations were 100-300 mg/dL were recruited and randomly assigned to either an n-3 FA group or a control group with stratification by sex, age, and serum TG level in a double-blind manner. The subjects in the n-3 FA group were administered 125 mL of fermented soybean milk with fish oil containing 600 mg of EPA and 260 mg of DHA/d for 12 wk. The controls consumed control soybean milk with olive oil. Fasting blood samples were obtained before the start of administration and at 4, 8, and 12 wk. EPA concentrations in red blood cells increased significantly in all but one subject in the n-3 FA group, with no significant changes in the control group. TG levels decreased more in the n-3 FA group than in the control group at weeks 4 (P < 0.05), 8 (P < 0.01), and 12 (P < 0.05) with their baseline as covariate. RLP cholesterol levels decreased more in the n-3 FA group than in the control at weeks 8 (P < 0.01) and 12 (P < 0.05) with their baseline as covariate. The groups did not differ in the other lipid levels. It is likely that n-3 long-chain FA may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by lowering serum TG and RLP-cholesterol levels even at the dose of 860 mg/d.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Application, Institute of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamazaki
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itomura
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamazaki
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawazaki
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terasawa
authors.forename: Shuuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terano
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C112017:remnant-like particle cholesterol; C077446:Pikasol; D002784:Cholesterol