title: Relationship with dynamic balance function during standing and walking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between dynamic balance functions in young adults and elderly adults while standing and walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  In standing balance tests, the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) of six combinations of three visual and two support-surface conditions was used to measure standing balance, and the Motor Coordination Test (MCT) was used to provoke automatic postural reactions through a series of sudden translations of support surface. The gait test measured maximum anterior acceleration (MAA) and maximum posterior acceleration (MPA) of the trunk during perturbed walking using a bilaterally separated treadmill, and calculated latency until MAA and latency until MPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The elderly adults showed more significant functional decline than young adults in SOT1, SOT4, SOT6, medium intensity MCT, large intensity MCT, and MPA. In the correlation analysis of the outcome from the standing examinations, close correlations among SOT4, SOT5, and SOT6 conditions were observed in both groups of young adults and elderly adults. In the MCT, there was very close correlation between varied translation intensity in two groups. On the other hand, the only weak correlation between SOT and MCT findings was between SOT4 and large intensity MCT in elderly adults (r = -0.471, P = 0.049). In the gait test, although correlation was not significant in young adults, the significant correlations between MAA and latency until MAA (r = 0.705, P = 0.001) and latency until MAA and latency until MPA (r = 0.497, P = 0.036) were recognized in elderly adults. In the balance function findings of the standing examinations and the gait examinations, there was significant correlation between medium intensity MCT and latency until MAA (r = -0.552, P = 0.018) in young adults, and SOT6 and latency until MPA (r = -0.473, P = 0.047) in elderly adults. However, no relationship was observed in most of other factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most falls experienced by elderly people are caused by tripping or slipping during walking. The fact that walking balance function did not correlate with standing balance function indicates that multifaceted evaluation is important to comprehend dynamic balance function while standing and walking.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obuchi
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamide
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Makito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakurai
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005080:Exercise Test; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*