title: Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection.
abstract: Nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for up to 40% of all hospital-acquired infections. The associated morbidity and mortality are a major drain on hospital resources. Patients with indwelling urinary catheters, patients undergoing urological manipulations, long-stay elderly male patients and patients with debilitating diseases are at high risk of developing nosocomial UTIs. The organisms responsible usually originate from patients' endogenous intestinal flora, but occasionally from a moist site in the hospital environment. Nosocomial pathogens causing UTIs tend to have a higher antibiotic resistance than simple UTIs. Infection control policies are important in limiting the number of hospital-acquired UTIs. Other important points include catheterisation using an aseptic technique and sterile equipment and the use of closed drainage systems. UTIs should be treated only after a urine sample has been sent and the advice of a microbiologist sought. In the future catheters impregnated with antibiotics, and the use of newer materials, may lead to further reductions in the incidence of nosocomial UTIs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Nephrology, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalsi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mundy
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents