title: Unusual presentations of advanced prostate cancer.
abstract: With the advent of prostatic-specific antigen, transrectal ultrasound and an increasing awareness of prostate cancer among the population, prostate cancer is being detected at an increasingly early stage. Despite this, it is estimated that up to 40% of the patients present with manifestations of metastatic prostate cancer. Although the most common sites for metastases at presentation are the obturator lymph nodes and the bony skeleton, advanced prostate cancer may produce a variety of clinical scenarios by involving contagious and distant organs. Such presentations of advanced prostate cancer can add significantly to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. In brief review, we will focus on uncommon presentations of advanced prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulanikar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bell