title: Comparison of a novel vaginal ring delivering estradiol acetate versus oral estradiol for relief of vasomotor menopausal symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare a novel vaginal ring releasing estradiol acetate (Menoring; Galen Holdings) with oral estradiol for relief of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in healthy postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n = 159) aged < 65 years experiencing >or= 20 hot flushes/night sweats per week received either a vaginal ring releasing estradiol acetate at a rate equivalent to 50 microg/day estradiol plus placebo tablets or oral estradiol 1 mg/day plus a placebo vaginal ring for 24 weeks. For patients with inadequate control of symptoms, the dosage was doubled at 12 weeks. A 24-week, open-label extension of the vaginal ring treatment followed double-blind treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of hot flushes/night sweats was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in both groups at 12 and 24 weeks from baseline, by 84% and 94% for the vaginal ring group and by 73% and 83% for the oral group, respectively. The mean intensity of urogenital symptoms decreased from screening to the end of treatment in both groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar for both groups. No clinically relevant local effects of the vaginal ring were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vaginal ring relieved both systemic and urogenital symptoms and was well tolerated and accepted. Overall, the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the vaginal ring were comparable with those of oral estradiol therapy.
authors.affiliation: Gynaecology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Azzawi
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Buckler
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004739:England; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol