title: Evaluation of induced color changes in chicken breast meat during simulation of pink color defect.
abstract: The objective of the study was to establish a pink threshold and simulate the pink defect in cooked chicken breast meat with treatment combinations that would induce significant changes in the color of raw and cooked meat. The subjective pink threshold used in judging pink discoloration was established at a* = 3.8. Samples of three color groups (normal, lighter than normal, and darker than normal) of boneless, skinless chicken breast muscles were selected based on instrumental color values. The in situ changes were induced using sodium chloride, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium erythorbate, and sodium nitrite at two levels: present and not present. Fillets in all treatments were subjected to individual injections, followed by tumbling, cooking, and chilling. Samples were analyzed for color [lightness (L*), red/green axis (a*), yellow/blue axis (b*)] and reflectance spectra. Simulation of the pink defect was achieved in eight of the 16 treatment combinations when sodium nitrite was present and in an additional two treatment combinations when it was absent. Pinking in cooked samples was affected (P < 0.05) by L* of raw meat color. Results confirmed that it was possible to simulate the undesired pinking in cooked chicken white meat when in situ conditions were induced by sodium chloride, sodium tripolyphosphate, and sodium nitrite. The continuation of the simulation study can aid in developing alternative processing methods to eliminate potential pink defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holownia
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chinnan
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003116:Color; D003296:Cooking; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005520:Food Preservatives; D011122:Polyphosphates; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012977:Sodium Nitrite; C005692:triphosphoric acid