title: Detection of atherosclerotic plaque with Gadofluorine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to visualize atherosclerotic plaques independently of luminal narrowing using T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, aged 9 to 18 months, and 8 age-matched controls (New Zealand White rabbits) underwent MRI of the aortic arch before and up to 48 hours after injection of 100 micromol/kg Gadofluorine (Schering AG). Additionally, 8 WHHL rabbits were examined with Magnevist (Schering AG). A half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo-spin-echo (HASTE) sequence and a T1-weighted inversion-recovery turbo fast, low-angle shot sequence were used for data acquisition. Immediately after the MR examination, the animals were killed, the aorta was stained with Sudan red, and ex vivo imaging of the stained aortic specimens was performed. Additionally, gadolinium concentrations in plaque (Sudan-positive) and normal (Sudan-negative) aortic wall segments were measured. Plain MR imaging revealed no plaques in the aortic arch in either animal group. Enhancement occurred in the aortic wall of all WHHL rabbits examined with Gadofluorine but not in the vessel wall of animals examined with Magnevist and the control group. Sudan red staining demonstrated multiple plaques in the aortic arch of all WHHL rabbits. Ex vivo imaging demonstrated that the area of hyperenhancement matched the area of plaques stained with Sudan red. The gadolinium concentration was 7+/-5 nmol/g for normal aortic wall of the control group and 368+/-30 nmol/g for aortic wall with plaque in WHHL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gadofluorine enhances the imaging of atherosclerotic plaques and enables improved plaque detection of even nonstenotic lesions that are not visible on unenhanced MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany. joerg.barkhausen@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barkhausen
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heyer
authors.forename: Jörg F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Debatin
authors.forename: Hanns-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weinmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011817:Rabbits; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C477144:gadofluorine; C033003:sudan red; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA