title: Adenovirus-TRAIL can overcome TRAIL resistance and induce a bystander effect.
abstract: TRAIL is a cytokine with a unique ability to induce apoptosis selectively in many transformed cell lines. The instability of TRAIL and the resistance of some cancer cells to TRAIL present the main obstacles for clinical experimentation. We generated an adenovirus expressing full-length TRAIL and tested its efficacy in several cancer cell lines. Ad-TRAIL-infected cancer cells localized full-length TRAIL protein to the cytoplasm and released same-sized TRAIL in the media. Ad-TRAIL was found to induce apoptotic cell death in several cancer cell lines resistant to soluble TRAIL (A549, SKOV3, HT-29 and LNCap) and in TRAIL-sensitive cell lines. Ad-TRAIL, but not soluble TRAIL, induced apoptotic cell death in TRAIL-resistant cell lines, manifested by an increased sub-G1 proportion, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Ad-TRAIL also induced a media-transferable bystander effect, but only in soluble TRAIL-sensitive cell lines. In conclusion, two novel characteristics of ad-TRAIL were found during this study. First, that ad-TRAIL can induce apoptotic cell death in several cancer cell lines resistant to sTRAIL. Second, that ad-TRAIL induces a media-transferable bystander effect, which is expected to increase its therapeutic value by allowing TRAIL to overcome the locally acting nature and low transduction rate commonly encountered in clinical situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lung Institute of Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Ja Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.forename: Kyung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang-Il
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Woong-Yang
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chul-Gyu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Young Whan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Choon-Taek
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha