title: Interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are increased in minimal change disease but do not alter albumin permeability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Some suggested that interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are involved in the pathogenesis of MCD. This study was done to see changes of plasma and urinary IL-8, TNF-alpha, and their effects on determination of permeability of glomerular basement membrane (BM) contributed by heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study patients consisted of 19 biopsy-proven MCD children aged 2-15 years old. Both plasma, urinary IL-8 and TNF-alpha were measured. Employing the Millicell system, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were screened for the permeability factors. We examined whether IL-8 and TNF-alpha regulated BM HSPG gene expression and HS synthesis in the glomerular epithelial cells (GECs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary IL-8 during relapse was significantly increased when compared with that of during remission or controls (13,996 +/- 2,811 vs. 2,941 +/- 373, 5,331 +/- 640 ng/mg.cr) (p < 0.05). Urinary TNF-alpha during relapse was also significantly increased (364.4 +/- 51.2 vs. 155.3 +/- 20.8, 36.0 +/- 4.5 ng/mg.cr) (p < 0.05). Plasma IL-8 during relapse was significantly increased compared to that during remission(1.19 +/- 0.62 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.42 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). However, the negative results were obtained in the permeability assay using the Millicell system. No difference was seen in BM HSPG gene expression and HS synthesis in the GECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, it seems that both IL-8 and TNF-alpha may not play a disease-specific role in the pathogenesis of MCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Taegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hwan Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Soon Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Ki Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ja Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Cheol Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D012008:Recurrence; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha