title: Kinetic study of hydrated lime reaction with HCl.
abstract: Hydrochloride (HCl) is an acidic pollutant present in the flue gas of most municipal or hazardous waste incinerators. Hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) is often used as a dry sorbent for injection in a spray reactor to remove HCI. However, due to the short residence time encountered, this control method has generally been found to have low conversion efficiencies which results in the high lime usage and generates large amount of fly ash as solid wastes. A fundamental study was carried outto investigate the kinetics of HCl-lime reaction under simulated flue gas conditions in order to better understand the process thereby providing a basis for an optimized lime usage and reduced fly ash production. The initial reaction rate and conversion of three limes were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer by varying the gas flow rate, temperature (170-400 degrees C), and HCI concentrations (600-1200 mg/m3) as well as the associated particle size and surface area of the limes. The initial lime conversions were found to rely mostly on the residence time, while the ultimate lime conversions were strongly influenced by temperature and the reaction products. CaOHCI was found to be the primary product in most cases, while for one specific lime, CaCl2 was the ultimate conversion product after an extended time period. The true utilization of lime in flue gas cleanup is thus higher when CaOHCl is considered as the final product than those based on CaCl2 as the final product, which has been commonly used in previous studies. The initial reaction was controlled by diffusion of HCl in gas phase and the subsequent reaction by gaseous diffusion through the developing product layer. Increasing the HCI concentration raised the initial rate as well as conversion. However, overloading the lime with excessive HCI caused clogging at its surface and a drop in the ultimate conversion. Limes with smaller particle diameters and higher surface areas were found to be more reactive. The effect of gas-phase mass transfer was minimized when an optimum flow rate was chosen, and in the absence of internal diffusion the reaction was found to be first order with respect to HCI concentration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Innovation Center, Block 2, Unit 237, 18 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637723. ryan@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: David Tee
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: Wan Yean
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Kaiwen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Joo Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D017745:Incineration; D007700:Kinetics; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D006256:Hazardous Waste; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid