title: Overexpression of osteopontin is associated with intrahepatic metastasis, early recurrence, and poorer prognosis of surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrahepatic metastasis via portal vein spread is an important feature and a crucial unfavorable prognostic factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To identify the molecular factors for tumor progression, the authors used differential display (DD) to analyze aberrant gene expression in HCC. The goal of the current study was to elucidate the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of osteopontin (OPN) in HCC progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  OPN mRNA levels, which were increased preferentially in HCC in a DD assay and verified with Northern blotting, were measured in 240 surgically removed, unifocal, primary HCCs using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at the exponential phase. OPN mRNA expression was correlated with clinicopathologic features, particularly portal vein invasion, early tumor recurrence, and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteopontin mRNA was overexpressed in 133 tumors (55%). The OPN overexpression was associated closely with alpha-fetoprotein elevation (P = 0.001), p53 mutation (P = 0.021), larger tumors (P = 0.002), high-grade HCC (P < 0.001), late-stage HCC (P < 0.001), early tumor recurrence and/or metastasis (P = 0.003), and a lower 10-year survival rate (P = 0.00013). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor stage and early tumor recurrence were crucial prognostic factors. In early-stage HCC, which has no vascular invasion and a lower early tumor recurrence than late-stage HCC, OPN mRNA overexpression predicted a higher early recurrence rate (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OPN mRNA overexpression was correlated closely with high-grade, late-stage, and early tumor recurrence, which lead to poorer prognosis. Osteopontin overexpression might serve as an unfavorable prognostic factor and a useful marker for predicting early recurrence in early-stage HCC.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsing
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Shian-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Shu-Hsian
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Po-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Po-Hwaung
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Chi-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hey-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D053495:Osteopontin; D011379:Prognosis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D053495:Osteopontin