title: Aberrant methylation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 gene in prostate cancer.
abstract: Transcriptional silencing of cancer-related genes by DNA methylation is observed in various cancers. To identify genes controlled by methylation in prostate cancer, we used cDNA microarray analysis to investigate gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and DU145 treated with a methyltransferase inhibitor alone or together with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. We detected significant changes (3.4-5.7%) in gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines with the drug treatments. Among the affected genes, that for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) was re-expressed in LNCaP and DU145 after the drug treatments. Bisulfite sequencing revealed the promoter and exon 1 of the VEGFR-1 to be hypermethylated in the cell lines. These results support the idea that methylation is associated with loss of VEGFR-1 mRNA expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) showed the gene to be methylated in 24 (38.1%) of 63 primary local prostate cancer samples, while in all 13 benign prostate samples it was not. These findings indicate that methylation of VEGFR-1 is related with prostatic carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Pathology, Mie University Faculty of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Akimitsu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yatani
authors.forename: Taizo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000077209:Decitabine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013447:Sulfites; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D013447:Sulfites; C012589:trichostatin A; D000077209:Decitabine; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D001374:Azacitidine; C009279:sodium bisulfite