title: Genetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus strains isolated in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Yugoslavia, reveals the presence of only a single genotype, V, between 1979 and 2002.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) epizootics in some European countries after the World War II were caused by ND virus (NDV) of multiple genotypes (IV-VIIa) occurring sequentially and/or simultaneously. This study was carried out to characterise the genetic composition of NDV strains during the outbreaks in the territory of the former Yugoslavia in order to enhance our understanding of the relationships of past epizootics in Europe. Sixty-eight NDV strains isolated between 1979 and 2002 were analysed by restriction enzyme digestion and partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene. All isolates were placed in genotype V, an exotic type, that was introduced to western Europe in 1970. Residue substitution analysis has allowed the recognition of four genetic variants, Vb1-Vb4, and the tracing of their movements. Vb1, a dominant variant in Bulgaria from the late 1970s, was also wide spread in the former Yugoslavia throughout the period under investigation. Vb2, a variant occurring in the neighbouring countries in the early 1970s could be the founder of the epidemic in Yugoslavia and it was present up to the late 1980s. Variants Vb3 and Vb4 could be found only after 1987. In conclusion, the ND outbreaks in Yugoslavia were part of the epizootic wave due to genotype V viruses that started in western Europe in 1970 and became endemic in the region. Inter-country transmission occurred for all variants, and Vb3 and Vb4 might have evolved during the endemic period.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Eniko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wehmann
authors.forename: Dorina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ujvári
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mazija
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velhner
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ciglar-Grozdanić
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savić
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jermolenko
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cac
authors.forename: Estella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prukner-Radovcić
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lomniczi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017522:Bosnia and Herzegovina / Q000453:epidemiology; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D005838:Genotype; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D015183:Restriction Mapping / Q000662:veterinary*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015022:Yugoslavia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral