title: Induction of apoptosis by hydroxydibenzoylmethane through coordinative modulation of cyclin D3, Bcl-X(L), and Bax, release of cytochrome c, and sequential activation of caspases in human colorectal carcinoma cells.
abstract: DBM (dibenzoylmethane) is a minor constituent of licorice that has antimutagenic activity. However, its other biological activities are not well-known. The structurally related beta-diketones hydroxydibenzoylmethane (HDB) and hydroxymethyldibenzoylmethane (HMDB) were able to induce apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 cells. Thus, the effect of structurally related beta-diketones on cell viability, DNA fragmentation, and caspase activity was assessed. The potency of these compounds on these features of apoptosis were in the order of HDB > HMDB > DBM in colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 cells. Here, we found that HDB-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by upregulation of cyclin D3, Bax, and p21 and down-regulation of Bcl-X(L), while HDB had no effect on the levels of Bcl-2 and Bad protein. These results indicate that HDB allows caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease to enter the nucleus and degrade chromosomal DNA and induces DFF-45 degradation. It is suggested that HDB-induced apoptosis is triggered by the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, procaspase-9 processing, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-2, degradation of PARP, and DNA fragmentation caused by the caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease through the digestion of DFF-45. The induction of apoptosis by HDB may provide a pivotal mechanism for its cancer chemopreventive action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Food Science, National Kaohsiung Institution of Marine Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. mhpan@mail.nkimt.edu.tw
authors.forename: Min-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Mei-Chen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ying-Jan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jen-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chao-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D047188:Chalcones; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D056743:Cyclin D3; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D001565:Benzoates; C534696:CCND3 protein, human; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D047188:Chalcones; D056743:Cyclin D3; D016213:Cyclins; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C476492:hydroxydibenzoylmethane; C061481:dibenzoylmethane; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases