title: New approaches to the endocrine prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
abstract: All major endocrine prevention approaches act via the estrogen receptor (ER). A simple hypothesis concerning ER expression and breast cancer risk is outlined. We review breast cancer prevention trials with tamoxifen, raloxifene, aromatase inhibitors, and ovarian suppression. Current and planned endocrine prevention trials in populations of pre- and postmenopausal women at risk of breast cancer are summarized and endocrine therapy after primary surgery and for advanced disease discussed.
authors.affiliation: CRUK Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX, Manchester, UK. maria.parker@christie-tr.nwest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Sacha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: D Gareth
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012306:Risk; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride