title: Age and racial/ethnic differences in maternal, fetal, and placental conditions in laboring patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most health indicators exhibit evidence of ethnic disparity. This study describes the prevalence of clinical conditions that are associated with pregnancy, stratified at age 35 years, and by ethnicity (black, white, Hispanic, other).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study. We used International Classification of Diseases discharge diagnostic codes from California discharge data to identify 31 maternal, fetal, and placental conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least one condition was present for 26.1% of the 443,532 eligible women. There was variation in risk by age and race/ethnicity and differences by age within ethnic groups. Black women were more at risk; there are 12 conditions for older women, and there are 16 conditions for younger women. Hispanic women showed a higher risk for diabetes mellitus, macrosomia, and severe hypertension. All white women showed a higher risk for cardiac conditions and isoimmunization, whereas older white women also demonstrated an increased risk for herpes infection and multiple gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older women and black women have more morbidity. The degree to which these clinical conditions affect labor management and obstetric outcomes needs further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Division Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Women's Health Services Research, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, and the George Burns Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Korst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008423:Maternal Age; D008499:Medical Records; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D001741:Black or African American