title: Effects on plasma endotoxin and eicosanoid concentrations and serum cytokine activities in horses competing in a 48-, 83-, or 159-km endurance ride under similar terrain and weather conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine plasma endotoxin concentration in horses competing in a 48-, 83-, or 159-km endurance race and its importance with regard to physical, hematologic, or serum and plasma biochemical variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight and rectal temperature measurements and blood samples were obtained before, during, and after exercise. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma endotoxin concentration; serum antiendotoxin antibody titers; thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (PGF1alpha) concentrations; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities; WBC, plasma protein, lactate, serum electrolyte, and calcium concentrations; PCV; and creatine kinase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detection of plasma endotoxin increased during exercise for horses competing at all distances but occurred more frequently in the 48- and 83-km groups. Plasma lactate concentration was significantly greater when endotoxin was concurrently detected. Endotoxin in plasma was not significantly associated with success of race completion. Plasma TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations and serum IL-6 activity significantly increased with exercise. Horses that had an excellent fitness level (as perceived by their owners) had greater decreases in serum antiendotoxin antibody titers during exercise than did horses perceived as less fit. In horses with better finish times, TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations were significantly greater and TNFalpha activity was significantly less than that of slower horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endotoxemia developed during endurance racing, but was significantly correlated with increased plasma lactate concentration and not with other variables indicative of endotoxemia. Plasma TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations and serum TNFalpha activity may be associated with performance success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacks
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000097:blood*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015777:Eicosanoids; D004731:Endotoxins