title: Hyperaggregating effect of hydroxyethyl starch components and University of Wisconsin solution on human red blood cells: a risk of impaired graft perfusion in organ procurement?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The standard preservation solution used during organ procurement and preservation of most organs is the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Despite its superiority over other cold storage solutions, the inclusion of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) as one of the components of the UW solution has been both advocated and denied. This study determined whether HES had any effect on red blood cell (RBC) aggregability and correlated aggregation parameters with HES molecular weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human RBC aggregability and deformability were investigated in vitro, at 4 degrees C, with a laser-assisted optical rotation cell analyzer. The study of RBC aggregation in a binary HES-HES system gave an indication about the nature of HES-RBCs interactions. Bright field microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to morphologically characterize the aggregates size and form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High molecular weight HES and UW solution had a potent hyperaggregating effect; low molecular weight HES had a hypoaggregating effect on RBC. RBC aggregates were of large size and their resistance to dissociation by flow-induced shear stress was high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' in vitro experiments conclusively showed that the physiologic function of RBCs to form aggregates is significantly affected in the presence of HES. The use of high molecular weight HES in UW solution accounts for extended and accelerated aggregation of erythrocytes that may result in stasis of blood and incomplete washout of donor organs before transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Netherlands. a.m.morariu@med.rug.nl.
authors.forename: Aurora M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morariu
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vd Plaats
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: V Oeveren
authors.forename: Nils A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: 'T Hart
authors.forename: Henri G D
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leuvenink
authors.forename: Reindert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graaff
authors.forename: Rutger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ploeg
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rakhorst
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004903:Erythrocyte Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D011887:Raffinose / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose