title: The neonatal diaphragmatic crura are hypertrophied: a necessary preparation for the first breath?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To sonographically show that the neonatal crura are markedly hypertrophied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients in each of 2 groups, ages 0 to 2 months and 18 to 40 years, were randomly chosen from patients who recently underwent abdominal sonography. A single longitudinal plane of a section was used to measure both the anteroposterior diameter of the aorta and the diaphragmatic crus. The ratios of these were compared in the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was shown between the sizes of the diaphragmatic crura of the neonate and the adult when the aorta was used as an internal standard of size variability. The mean ratio of the aorta to the right crus in neonates was 2.95, and in young adults it was 1.04 (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neonatal crura are hypertrophied at birth, likely to allow the markedly atelectatic and fluid-filled lungs to fully expand in relatively few breaths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0628, USA. maria.moes@radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moes
authors.forename: Roy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Filly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014463:Ultrasonography