title: Flow-cytometric analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets after different treatment methods in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine any change in T-lymphocyte subsets after applying different treatment methods in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 adults with chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Biopsy samples were taken from the gingival pocket wall tissues at sites with chronic periodontitis before treatment, after initial treatment, after curettage and after flap operation and tested for CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte and CD4/ CD8 ratio values. Gingival pocket depth, gingival index (GI-Löe-Silness) and plaque index (PI-Silness-Löe) scores were also recorded. Analysis aimed at determining the relation between the clinical measurements and the laboratory results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometry findings in both groups showed that CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte values before treatment were under the normal value while the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was within normal distribution interval. The lymphocyte values observed in the smokers were found to be lower than those in the non-smokers. After treatment the difference between the lymphocyte values in smokers and non-smokers was found to be statistically significant. However, the difference between the CD4/CD8 rate obtained in smokers and non-smokers was not found to be statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lymphocyte values observed in smokers were found to be lower than those in non-smokers after applying different treatment methods and the local immune response was poor in the smokers.
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey. receporbak@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orbak
authors.forename: Kamile
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erciyas
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005888:Gingival Pocket / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D012907:Smoking / Q000276:immunology*; D013357:Subgingival Curettage; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000145:classification*