title: Cognitive therapy for chronic depression.
abstract: Recent literature indicates that there are important clinical differences between chronic and non-chronic depression. This article considers the implications of these differences when conducting cognitive therapy (CT) with chronically depressed patients. CT with chronic patients requires a greater emphasis on combating hopelessness, helplessness, and perfectionism, addressing early life-adverse experiences, and modifying maladaptive schemas. In addition, the effectiveness of CT may be enhanced by focusing on patients' poor social skills, ineffective reasoning skills, and their depressive identity. The case example presented illustrates CT with a chronically depressed patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA. riso@gsu.edu
authors.forename: Lawrence P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Riso
authors.forename: Cory F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States