title: Pentoxifylline adjunct improves prognosis of human cerebral malaria in adults.
abstract: Fifty-two adult patients with cerebral malaria were randomly categorized into two groups to receive either quinine dihydrochloride (Qn) alone or a combination of Qn and pentoxifylline (Px). Thirty-two of them received intravenous (i.v.) Qn (group I), and 20 patients (group II) received i.v. Qn along with parenteral Px support (10 mg/kg/day) for the initial 3 days. There was significant improvement in coma resolution time in group II (21.6 +/- 13.9 h) in comparison with group I (63.5 +/- 19.7 h) (P < 0.001), and mortality was 25% of patients in group I against 10% patients receiving Px adjunct (P > 0.05). Three days post-therapy, serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels decreased significantly in patients on Px support (day 0 TNF = 415.62 +/- 477.80 pg/ml; day 3 TNF = 47.92 +/- 27.9 pg/ml; P = 0.0029). There was no significant change in TNF levels in those on quinine alone (day 0 TNF = 477.08 +/- 933.90 pg/ml; day 3 TNF = 589 +/- 602.3 pg/ml; P > 0.05). There were no serious side-effects necessitating withdrawal of patients receiving Px therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, India. bidyutdas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Padhi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manish
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ravindran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D011803:Quinine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011803:Quinine; D010431:Pentoxifylline