title: Sensitivity encoding for fast MR imaging of the brain in patients with stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate sensitivity encoding (SENSE) technique in a clinical setting for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients who are suspected of having infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This intraindividual comparative study included 62 patients suspected of having cerebral ischemia. Patients underwent T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) (n = 62), T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) (n = 48), and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 27) with standard sequential and SENSE MR acquisitions with a 1.5-T magnet and phased-array coil. With SENSE, acquisition time was reduced from 1 minute 12 seconds to 35 seconds for FLAIR and from 1 minute 18 seconds to 39 seconds for T2-weighted TSE imaging. For diffusion-weighted imaging, echo train length was shortened (78 vs 71 msec) to reduce susceptibility effects while acquisition time was maintained. Two radiologists scored quality of standard and SENSE images with a five-point scale and assessed presence of artifacts (motion, susceptibility) and lesion conspicuity. To assess statistical significance, Wilcoxon signed rank and chi2 tests were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in terms of image quality and presence of artifacts between standard and SENSE T2-weighted TSE (image quality, P =.724; presence of artifacts, P =.378) and FLAIR (image quality, P =.127; presence of artifacts, P =.275) images. Image quality at SENSE diffusion-weighted imaging was scored significantly higher compared with that at standard diffusion-weighted imaging (P =.002). Susceptibility artifacts were significantly reduced at SENSE diffusion-weighted imaging when compared with those at standard diffusion-weighted imaging (P <.001). Conspicuity of 84 lesions was rated equivalent with both standard and SENSE protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SENSE allowed acquisition of T2-weighted TSE and FLAIR images with image quality and lesion conspicuity that did not differ from those of standard acquisition techniques but in only half the acquisition time. Use of SENSE with diffusion-weighted imaging significantly reduces susceptibility artifacts while lesion conspicuity is maintained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. willinek@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Winfried A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Willinek
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gieseke
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Falkenhausen
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neuen
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: Christiane K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kuhl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*