title: A randomized controlled trial of prophylactic maneuvers to reduce head-to-body delivery time in patients at risk for shoulder dystocia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether prophylactic use of the McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure decreased the head-to-body time, as a proxy for shoulder dystocia, in at-risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with estimated fetal weights over 3800 g were randomized to undergo the McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure before delivery of the fetal head (prophylactic maneuvers) or to undergo maneuvers only after delivery of the head, if necessary (controls). A total of 185 patients were enrolled in the study. After exclusions (eg, abdominal delivery), there were 128 evaluable vaginal deliveries. The study had the power to detect a 30% difference in head-to-body time between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Head-to-body delivery times did not differ between the prophylactic and control patients (24 +/- 18 seconds versus 27 +/- 20 seconds, P =.38). In addition, the two groups did not differ in rates of admission of the infant to the special care nursery or in birth injuries. There was a significant increase in the risk of delivering by cesarean for patients randomized to the use of prophylactic maneuvers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study does not support the hypothesis that prophylactic use of the McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure speeds delivery in a population of patients at increased risk for shoulder dystocia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Torrance 90509, USA. mub@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Marie H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: Catherine Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Spong
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004420:Dystocia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D008423:Maternal Age; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012782:Shoulder; D013997:Time Factors; D014710:Version, Fetal