title: Cellular recognition of tri-/di-palmitoylated peptides is independent from a domain encompassing the N-terminal seven leucine-rich repeat (LRR)/LRR-like motifs of TLR2.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate microbial pattern recognition in vertebrates. A broad variety of agonists has been attributed to TLR2 and three TLRs, TLR4, TLR2, and TLR5, have been demonstrated to bind microbial products. Distinct agonists might interact with different subdomains of the TLR2 extracellular domain. The TLR2 extracellular domain sequence includes 10 canonical leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs and 8-10 additional and potentially functionally relevant LRR-like motifs. Thus, the transfection of TLR2 LRR/LRR-like motif deletion constructs in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and primary TLR2-deficient mouse fibroblasts was performed for analysis of the role of the regarding domains in specific pattern recognition. Preparations applied as agonists were highly purified soluble peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, outer surface protein A from Borrelia burgdorferi, synthetic mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipoprotein-2, tripalmitoyl-cysteinyl-seryl-(lysyl)3-lysine (P3CSK4), dipalmitoyl-CSK4 (P2-CSK4), and monopalmitoyl-CSK4 (PCSK4) as well as lipopolysaccharide and inactivated bacteria. We found that a block of the N-terminal seven LRR/LRR-like motifs was not involved in TLR2-mediated cell activation by P3CSK4 and P2CSK4 ligands mimicking triacylated and diacylated bacterial polypeptides, respectively. In contrast, the integrity of the TLR2 holoprotein was compulsory for effective cellular recognition of other TLR2 agonists applied, including PCSK4. The formation of a functionally relevant subdomain by a region including the N-terminal seven LRR/LRR-like motifs rather than by single LRRs is suggested by our results. They further imply that TLR2 contains multiple binding domains for ligands that may contribute to the characterization of its promiscuous molecular pattern recognition.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Guangxun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grabiec
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallon
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ebe
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bessler
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Carsten J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kirschning
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010455:Peptides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C495346:TLR5 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D004247:DNA