title: Immune responses against Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection in virally immunosuppressed chickens.
abstract: To understand the role of immune mechanisms in protecting chickens from Salmonella infections, we examined the immune responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis-infected chickens and the effect of chicken anemia virus (CAV), a T-cell-targeted virus, on S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-induced immune responses. One-day-old chicks were orally inoculated with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis with or without intramuscular injection of CAV. The bacterial infection, pathology, and immune responses of chickens were evaluated at 14, 28, and 56 days postinoculation. The infection increased the levels of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA), the number of gut-associated T cells, and the titer of serum IgG specific for S. enterica serovar Enteritidis surface antigens. CAV infection depressed these immune responses, especially the mucosal immune responses, but did not increase the number of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-infected cells in the intestine. The severity of pathological lesions appeared to be reciprocal to the level of immune responses, but the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection persisted. These results suggest that oral infection of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in chickens induces both mucosal and systemic immune responses, which have a limited effect on the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection under conditions designed to mimic the field situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Ruby R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sheela
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Subbiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elankumaran
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Raybourne
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Heckert
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D017727:Chicken anemia virus / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G