title: Endotracheal intubation in a rural EMS state: procedure utilization and impact of skills maintenance guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines have suggested that advanced life support (ALS) providers should have "regular field experience," defined as six to 12 intubations/year, as a prerequisite to patient endotracheal intubation (EI). The authors sought to assess the impact of this guideline on rural emergency medical services (EMS) practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statewide EMS records were reviewed for the calendar years 1997-2001. Data reviewed included the number of providers eligible to perform ALS skills (including EI), number of procedures performed per year by EMS provider, patient age, gender, and prehospital diagnosis. The institutional review board approved the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, a total of 957,836 patient encounters occurred with an average of 1,352 ALS providers annually eligible to perform EI. In the five-year period, there were 5,615 total EI attempts with a range of 37%-42% of eligible providers annually performing EI. A mean of 18 providers per year with a range of 1.8%-0.8% of EI-eligible providers annually attempted EI in more than five patients. One hundred thirty-seven pediatric EI encounters occurred during the five-year period with an annual range of 1.4%-2.7% of eligible providers attempting pediatric EI. During the five-year investigation, EI success rate was reported as 84% by providers with fewer than five annual intubation encounters and 86% by providers with more than five encounters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rural EMS providers rarely use EI skills, particularly in pediatric patients. If recent AHA intubation guidelines are to be followed in rural EMS settings, a small number of EMS providers will meet minimum EI utilization requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102, USA. burtoj@mmc.org
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maoz
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lebrun
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association; D002983:Clinical Competence; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008499:Medical Records; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review