title: Numerical simulation of 137Cs and (239,240)Pu concentrations by an ocean general circulation model.
abstract: We simulated the spatial distributions and the temporal variations of 137Cs and (239,240)Pu concentrations in the ocean by using the ocean general circulation model which was developed by National Center of Atmospheric Research. These nuclides are introduced into seawaters from global fallout due to atmospheric nuclear weapons tests. The distribution of radioactive deposition on the world ocean is estimated from global precipitation data and observed values of annual deposition of radionuclides at the Meteorological Research Institute in Japan and several observed points in New Zealand. Radionuclides from global fallout have been transported by advection, diffusion and scavenging, and this concentration reduces by radioactive decay in the ocean. We verified the results of the model calculations by comparing simulated values of 137Cs and (239,240)Pu in seawater with the observed values included in the Historical Artificial Radionuclides in the HAM database, which has been constructed by the Meteorological Research Institute. The vertical distributions of the calculated 137Cs concentrations were in good agreement and are in good agreement with the observed profiles in the 1960s up to 250 m, in the 1970s up to 500 m, in the 1980s up to 750 m and in the 1990s up to 750 m. However, the calculated 137Cs concentrations were underestimated compared with the observed 137Cs at the deeper layer. This may suggest other transport processes of 137Cs to deep waters. The horizontal distributions of 137Cs concentrations in surface water could be simulated. A numerical tracer release experiment was performed to explain the horizontal distribution pattern. A maximum (239,240)Pu concentration layer occurs at an intermediate depth for both observed and calculated values, which is formed by particle scavenging. The horizontal distributions of the calculated (239,240)Pu concentrations in surface water could be simulated by considering the scavenging effect.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Department, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba-ken 277-1194, Japan. tsumune@criepi.denken.or.jp
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsumune
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
mesh_terms: D002586:Cesium / Q000032:analysis*; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011005:Plutonium / Q000032:analysis*; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D002586:Cesium; D011005:Plutonium