title: Hyponatremic encephalopathy--some experimental and clinical findings.
abstract: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance occurring in a broad spectrum of patients, from asymptomatic to critically ill. The disease is defined as a decrease in serum sodium concentration to a level below 136 mmol per liter. The brain damage from hyponatremia can be associated with either hyponatremic encephalopathy or improper therapy of symptomatic hyponatremia both in patients and in experimental models of hyponatremia in rats. This review covers the clinical symptoms of hyponatremia as well as the consequences of its correction. It also summarises the effects of experimental hyponatremia associated with vasopressin on some aspects of cerebral blood flow regulation and the morphology of cerebral tissue.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Medical Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland. ewak@cmdik.pan.pl
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koźniewska
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podlecka
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rafałowska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001928:Brain Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride