title: Glucose acts in the CNS to regulate gastric motility during hypoglycemia.
abstract: Our purposes were to 1) develop an animal model where intravenously (iv) administered d-glucose consistently inhibited antral motility, and 2) use this model to assess whether iv glucose acts to inhibit motility from a peripheral or a central nervous system site and to elucidate the factor(s) that determine(s) whether stomach motor function is sensitive to changes in blood glucose. Rats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose-urethane, and antral motility was measured by a strain-gauge force transducer sutured to the antrum. In some cases, antral motility and gastric tone were measured by monitoring intragastric balloon pressure. Increases in blood glucose were produced by continuous iv infusion of 25% d-glucose at 2 ml/h. Inhibition of antral motility and gastric tone was observed when gastric contractions were induced by hypoglycemia (subcutaneously administered insulin, 2.5 IU/animal). In contrast, no inhibition of gastric motor function was observed when glucose infusion was tested on gastric contractions that were 1) spontaneously occurring, 2) evoked by iv administered bethanechol in vagotomized animals, and 3) evoked by the TRH analog RX77368, microinjected into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Using the model of insulin-induced hypoglycemia to increase gastric motor activity, we found that neither sectioning the hepatic branch of the vagus (n = 5), nor treating animals with capsaicin to destroy sensory vagal afferent nerves (n = 5) affected the ability of iv d-glucose to inhibit gastric motor function. Our results indicate that an important factor determining whether stomach motor function will be sensitive to changes in blood glucose is the method used to stimulate gastric contractions, and that the primary site of the inhibitory action of iv glucose on gastric motility is the central nervous system rather than the periphery.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology, Georgetown Univ. Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Allison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Niedringhaus
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Biehl
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Niaz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahibzada
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Verbalis
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gillis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018723:Bethanechol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002404:Catheterization; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D023421:Models, Animal; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D018723:Bethanechol; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; C027979:L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide; D005947:Glucose; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid