title: Molecular determinants of Ca2+ potentiation of diltiazem block and Ca2+-dependent inactivation in the pore region of cav1.2.
abstract: Diltiazem block of Cav1.2 is frequency-dependent and potentiated by Ca2+. We examined the molecular determinants of these characteristics using mutations that affect Ca2+ interactions with Cav1.2. Mutant and wild-type (WT) Cav1.2 channels were transiently expressed in tsA 201 cells with beta1b and alpha2delta subunits. The four conserved glutamates that compose the Ca2+ selectivity filter in Cav1.2 were mutated to Gln (E363Q, E709Q, E1118Q, E1419Q), and each single mutant was assayed for block by diltiazem using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in either 10 mM Ba2+ or 10 mM Ca2+. In Ba2+, none of the mutations affected the potency of diltiazem block of closed channels (0.05 Hz stimulation). However, frequency-dependent block (1Hz stimulation) was eliminated in the mutant E1419Q (domain IV), which recovered more rapidly than WT channels from inactivated channel block. Potentiation of diltiazem block of closed Cav1.2 channels in Ca2+ was abolished in the E1118Q, F1117G (domain III), and E1419Q mutants. Frequency-dependent block in Ca2+ was reduced compared with WT Cav1.2 in the F1117G, E1118Q, and E1419Q mutants. The C-terminal tail IQ domain mutation I1627A, which disrupts Ca2+ dependent inactivation, enhanced diltiazem block of closed channels in Ba2+. We conclude that, in Ba2+, E1419 slows recovery from diltiazem block of depolarized Cav1.2 channels, but in Ca2+, E1118, E1419, and F1117 form a Ca2+ binding site that mediates the potentiation of diltiazem block of both closed and inactivated Cav1.2 channels. Furthermore, Ca2+-dependent inactivation, which is impaired in E709Q, E1118Q, E1419Q, and I1627A, is not required for Ca2+ potentiation of diltiazem block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Nejmi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dilmac
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.forename: Gregory H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hockerman
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D005973:Glutamine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; C419385:L-type calcium channel alpha(1C); D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D004110:Diltiazem