title: Case fatality rate of acute viral hepatitis in Italy: 1995-2000. An update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fulminant hepatic failure is the most serious complication of viral hepatitis. Although this event occurs rarely, it may be fatal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the case fatality rate (several deaths divided by number of cases x 100) for each viral hepatitis type in Italy from 1995 to 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute hepatitis cases identified by the surveillance system for acute viral hepatitis, which covers approximately 58% of the Italian population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five deaths (0.1%) occurred among the 18 460 acute viral hepatitis cases observed from 1995 to 2000, a rate threefold lower than the 0.3% reported during the period 1985-1994. The highest case fatality rate (0.4%) was seen for acute hepatitis B (18 deaths among 4257 cases). Only one death (0.01%) occurred among the 11 063 acute hepatitis A cases and two deaths (0.1%) among the 1536 acute hepatitis C cases. No deaths were observed among the 309 acute hepatitis A cases superimposed on chronic HBsAg carriers and the 166 superimposed on chronic HCV carriers. Intravenous drug use (22.2% of cases) and other parenteral exposures (22.2% of cases) were the most frequent non-mutually exclusive sources of infection reported by subjects who died of acute hepatitis B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of surveillance system data from 1995 to 2000 indicates that, in Italy, deaths due to acute viral hepatitis are rare, but most commonly observed with acute hepatitis B. There is no evidence that acute hepatitis A may be fatal in chronic HBsAg or HCV carriers. The overall better survival rate may probably reflect improvements in the treatment of fulminant hepatitis in the last few years in Italy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stroffolini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szklo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marzolini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balocchini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parlato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sangalli
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lopalco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zotti
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000401:mortality; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000401:mortality; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000401:mortality; D003699:Hepatitis D / Q000401:mortality; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male