title: Induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by soluble glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (sGITR) is modulated by IFN-gamma in murine macrophage.
abstract: Earlier study showed that glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), a new TNFR family, activated murine macrophages to express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and to generate nitric oxide (NO). A possible involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines on NO production by GITR was investigated in vitro systems and signaling molecules contributing to sGITR-induced iNOS production are determined in Raw 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. The result showed that the synergy was afforded by the combination of GITR with IFN-g in a dose-dependent manner but IFN-gamma alone was not able to induce NOS. No effects were observed with TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or IL-6 co-treated with GITR. To determine signaling molecules contributing to sGITR-induced iNOS production, a specific inhibitor for signal pathway proteins tested showed that PDTC (NF-kappaB) and genistein (tyrosine kinase) inhibited NOS induction significantly, while sodium orthovanadate (tyrosine phosphatase) potentiated NOS expression. These results suggest that activations of NF-kappaB were involved in induction of iNOS by GITR and IFN-gamma priming caused earlier and stronger NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hyeon Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye-Seon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C106544:Tnfrsf18 protein, mouse; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases