title: Cellulose acetate beads induce release of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1beta in human peripheral blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dramatic improvements in clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis were observed after patients received granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis with a column containing cellulose acetate (CA) beads as adsorptive carriers. This study was to investigate the effect of CA beads on the generation of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We incubated human whole blood with CA beads at 37 degrees C for up to 2 h and measured tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) produced by leucocytes. IL-1ra was also measured at the inflow and outflow of a column containing CA beads as leucocyte adsorptive carriers for the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CA beads induced significant release of IL-1ra from leucocytes, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1beta. In contrast, all three cytokines were released when leucocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. IL-1ra was also markedly elevated in the outflow of the leucocyte apheresis column.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that CA beads selectively induce IL-1ra release from leucocytes which should contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis with CA beads as apheresis carriers.
authors.affiliation: Japan Immunoresearch Laboratories, 351-1, Nishiyokote-Cho, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiobara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibusawa
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Saniabadi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001781:Blood Component Removal; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000628:therapy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C005062:acetylcellulose; D002482:Cellulose