title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB-induced granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor release from human alveolar macrophages.
abstract: Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), released from alveolar macrophages (AM), is an important regulator of eosinophil, T cell, and macrophage function and survival. We determined the mechanisms of GM-CSF regulation in AM from normal volunteers activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by examining the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MKK-1). PD 098059 (10 microM), an inhibitor of upstream activator of MKK-1, inhibited GM-CSF expression, but the expression of GM-CSF was not inhibited by SB 203580 (10 microM), an inhibitor of p38-MAP kinase. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK-1), ERK-2, and p38 MAP kinase by LPS were demonstrated on Western blot analysis. LPS increased NF-kappaB:DNA binding as examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, but this was not suppressed by PD 098059 or by SB 203580. LPS induced an increase in NF-kappaB activation as examined by p50 translocation assay without suppression by PD 098059 or by SB 203580. SN50 (100 microM), an inhibitor of NF-kappaB translocation and the specific IKK-2-Inhibitor (AS602868; 10 microM), also prevented GM-CSF expression and release induced by LPS, indicating that GM-CSF release is NF-kappaB-dependent. PD 098059, but not SB 203580, inhibited LPS-induced histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, indicating chromatin modification. Furthermore, AS602868 and SN 50 suppressed LPS-induced HAT activity. TSA (10 ng/ml), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), reversed the inhibitory effect of PD 098059, SB 203580, SN 50 and AS602868 on GM-CSF release. GM-CSF expression and release in AM is controlled by NF-kappaB activation, and this is modulated by phosphorylation of MKK-1 and p38 MAP kinase acting on histone acetylation.
authors.affiliation: University of Cologne, Medizinische Klinik III, Department of Pneumology, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50924 Köln (Cologne), Germany. andrea.koch@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giembycz
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Elen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jazrawi
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adcock
authors.forename: Erland
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: K Fan
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D021381:Protein Transport; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011725:Pyridines; C012589:trichostatin A; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one