title: Effects of p53 status and wortmannin treatment on potentially lethal damage repair, with emphasis on the response of intratumor quiescent cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of p53 status and wortmannin treatment on potentially lethal damage repair, referring to the response of intratumor quiescent cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mp53) or with neo vector as a control (SAS/neo) were injected subcutaneously into both hind legs of Balb/cA nude mice. Mice bearing the tumors received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all proliferating (P) cells in the tumors. The mice then received gamma-rays with or without subsequent wortmannin administration. Right after or 24 h after gamma-ray irradiation alone or 24 h after wortmannin administration following irradiation, the tumors were excised, minced, and trypsinized. The tumor cell suspensions thus obtained were incubated with a cytokinesis blocker (cytochalasin-B), and the micronucleus (MN) frequency in cells without BrdU labeling [quiescent (Q) cells] was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. The MN frequency in total (P+Q) tumor cells was determined from the tumors that were not pretreated with BrdU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the whole, larger values of MN frequency and surviving fraction were observed in SAS/mp53 cells than in SAS/neo cells, and Q cells showed lower MN frequencies than total cells. Without wortmannin, SAS/neo tumor cells, especially Q cells within SAS/neo tumors, showed large potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) capacities, compared with total or Q tumor cells within SAS/mp53 tumors that showed little PLDR capacity. Wortmannin treatment inhibited the PLDR in SAS/neo tumors very effectively, but showed no apparent effect on either total or Q tumor cells within SAS/mp53 tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLDR in vivo was thought to be a p53-dependent event whether in total or Q tumor cell populations.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masunaga
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinashi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004247:DNA; D000077191:Wortmannin