title: Platelet activation induces cell-surface immunoreactive tissue factor expression, which is modulated differently by antiplatelet drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue factor (TF) is the main activator of the coagulation cascade occurring in physiologic and pathologic conditions. Recent data suggest that human platelets might contain TF that is possibly derived from leukocytes. In this study, we investigated whether intraplatelet TF can be exposed on the membrane by platelet agonists. The modulation of this process by antiplatelet drugs has been evaluated as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometric analysis of unstimulated platelets showed a small amount of membrane-associated immunoreactive TF (irTF) in whole blood, platelet-rich plasma, and washed platelets isolated from healthy subjects. ADP, thrombin receptor-activating peptide, and epinephrine significantly increased functionally active, membrane-associated irTF. ADP induced irTF exposure in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. Agonist-induced irTF expression was completely inhibited by iloprost but not by aspirin. Interestingly, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists did not inhibit but rather potentiated the stimulatory effect of ADP on platelet irTF expression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments showed detectable amounts of TF mRNA in unstimulated platelets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that platelet agonists and antiplatelet drugs might modulate platelet-associated irTF expression. Regulated TF expression establishes the potential for a previously unrecognized role for platelets in sustaining thrombus formation and growth via coagulation-mediated mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camera
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frigerio
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Toschi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cottell
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maderna
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parolari
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonzi
authors.forename: Ombretta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: De Vincenti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tremoli
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013925:Thromboplastin