title: Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and high urinary albumin concentration in French Type 2 diabetes patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Family-based studies suggest a genetic basis for nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes. The angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a candidate gene for Type 1 diabetes nephropathy. We assessed the association between high urinary albumin concentration and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, in French Type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 3139 micro/macroalbuminuric French patients recruited in the DIABHYCAR Study, an ACE inhibition trial in Type 2 diabetes patients with renal and cardiovascular outcomes. The main inclusion criteria were age >/= 50 years, urinary albumin concentration >/= 20 mg/l assessed centrally during two consecutive screening visits, and plasma creatinine concentration </= 150 micro mol/l. These patients were compared with 605 normoalbuminuric (NA; urinary albumin concentration < 10 mg/l at first screening for the DIABHYCAR Study) French patients. ACE I/D genotype was determined by nested polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACE I/D polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of genotypes did not differ significantly between micro/macroalbuminuric and NA patients: 552 and 115 II, 1468 and 282 ID, 1119 and 208 DD (P = 0.67). However, the ACE D allele was more frequent among normotensive micro/macroalbuminuric patients than among NA patients (P = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with high urinary albumin concentration in French Type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, Endocrinologie, University Hospital, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadjadj
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gallois
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alhenc-Gelas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chatellier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marre
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Genes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lievre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vasmant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A