title: Conscious or deep sedation: a questionnaire regarding the experience of parents, children and staff during small bowel biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The paediatric clinics of Linköping and Norrköping, Sweden, have different procedures regarding premedication and sedation during small bowel biopsy in children with suspected or diagnosed coeliac disease. In Linköping deep sedation using intravenous propofol is the method of sedation being used and parents are not present during the biopsy procedure. In Norrköping conscious sedation using intravenous midazolam is the routine and parents stay with their child throughout the whole biopsy procedure. The aim of this study was to find out whether the preprocedural and procedural differences between the clinics affected the way in which the parents and children experienced the time before and during the biopsy procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was used to ask the parents of 102 children who had undergone small bowel capsule biopsy for their opinion regarding the discomfort experienced by their children. The parents' and children's experience was also compared with that of the paediatric nurse caring for the family during the biopsy procedure, and the paediatric gastroenterologist performing the biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences regarding premedication and sedation between the two groups did not seem to affect the parents' or the children's total experience of the biopsy procedure, nor did the presence or absence of the parents throughout the biopsy procedure. As regards the sedation given, 95% of the parents did not think that their children suffered any discomfort at all. The total experience of the biopsy procedure on a five-grade scale (5 being very good, 1 being very bad) was 5 for the parents and 4 for the children in both centres. Parents and children in both centres were very satisfied with the way in which they were taken care of during their visit to the hospital. In both units there was an obvious correlation between how the paediatric nurse experienced the biopsy procedure and how the paediatric gastroenterologist did, but only a weak correlation between the experience of the parents and that of the paediatric gastroenterologist and paediatric nurse. The anxiety of the parents was similarly estimated by the paediatric gastroenterologist and the paediatric nurse in both centres. There was no correlation between their assessment and the experience reported by the parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The children undergoing small bowel biopsy and their parents felt well taken care of during their visit to the two hospitals. The differences between the clinics regarding method of sedation and presence or absence of the parents did not seem to affect how the parents and children experienced the biopsy procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Linköping University Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skoglösa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fälth-Magnusson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stenhammar
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007223:Infant; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol