title: Gastroesophageal reflux: comparison of barium studies with 24-h pH monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation between massive gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on barium studies and pathologic acid reflux on 24-h pH monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of hospital records from January 1997 to January 2001 revealed 28 patients who underwent both barium studies and 24-h pH monitoring. The radiologic reports were reviewed to determine the presence and degree of GER. Patients with reflux to or above the thoracic inlet either spontaneously or with provocative maneuvers in the recumbent position were classified as having massive reflux, whereas the remaining patients with reflux below the thoracic inlet or no reflux comprised the control group. The pH monitoring reports were also reviewed to determine if pathologic acid reflux was present in the recumbent position. The findings on these studies were then compared to determine the frequency of pathologic acid reflux in the recumbent position on pH monitoring in patients with massive reflux on barium studies compared with the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Massive GER was observed on barium studies in 11 (39%) of the 28 patients and reflux below the thoracic inlet or no reflux in the remaining 17 patients (61%) who comprised the control group. All 11 patients (100%) with massive reflux on barium studies had pathologic acid reflux on pH monitoring in the recumbent position compared with six (35%) of 17 patients in the control group (P = 0.0009). The pH in the distal esophagus on pH monitoring was less than 4.0 for 13.1% of the recumbent period for patients with massive GER on barium studies compared with 6.2% of the recumbent period for the control group (P = 0.0076).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although 24-h pH monitoring remains the gold standard for the detection of GER, our experience suggests that patients with massive reflux on barium studies are so likely to have pathologic acid reflux in the recumbent position that these individuals can be further evaluated and treated for their gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) without need for pH monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Regina O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Redfern
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rubesin
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Katzka
mesh_terms: D001466:Barium Sulfate; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011187:Posture; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate