title: Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms.
abstract: We systematically characterized the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. CYP1A1 had high activity for 17beta-estradiol 2-hydroxylation, followed by 15alpha-, 6alpha-, 4-, and 7alpha-hydroxylation. However, when estrone was the substrate, CYP1A1 formed more 4-hydroxyestrone than 15alpha- or 6alpha-hydroxyestrone, with 2-hydroxyestrone as the major metabolite. CYP1A2 had the highest activity for the 2-hydroxylation of both 17beta-estradiol and estrone, although it also had considerable activity for their 4-hydroxylation (9-13% of 2-hydroxylation). CYP1B1 mainly catalyzed the formation of catechol estrogens, with 4-hydroxyestrogens predominant. CYP2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 2D6 each showed a varying degree of low catalytic activity for estrogen 2-hydroxylation, whereas CYP2C18 and CYP2E1 did not show any detectable estrogen-hydroxylating activity. CYP3A4 had strong activity for the formation of 2-hydroxyestradiol, followed by 4-hydroxyestradiol and an unknown polar metabolite, and small amounts of 16alpha- and 16beta-hydroxyestrogens were also formed. The ratio of 4- to 2-hydroxylation of 17beta-estradiol or estrone with CYP3A4 was 0.22 or 0.51, respectively. CYP3A5 had similar catalytic activity for the formation of 2- and 4- hydroxyestrogens. Notably, CYP3A5 had an unusually high ratio of 4- to 2-hydroxylation of 17beta-estradiol or estrone (0.53 or 1.26, respectively). CYP3A4 and 3A5 also catalyzed the formation of nonpolar estrogen metabolite peaks (chromatographically less polar than estrone). CYP3A7 had a distinct catalytic activity for the 16alpha-hydroxylation of estrone, but not 17beta-estradiol. CYP4A11 had little catalytic activity for the metabolism of 17beta-estradiol and estrone. In conclusion, many human CYP isoforms are involved in the oxidative metabolism of 17beta-estradiol and estrone, with a varying degree of catalytic activity and distinct regioselectivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: May Xiaoxin
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Allan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Conney
authors.forename: Bao Ting
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004970:Estrone / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009249:NADP / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D004970:Estrone; D004958:Estradiol; D009249:NADP; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585496:CYP1B1 protein, human; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; C103123:CYP3A7 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human