[SARS: a new emergency in the world health].
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a new life-threatening respiratory disease which has its origins in Guangdong province, China, where the earliest known cases were identified in November 2002. Since then, probable cases of SARS have been reported in 30 countries and the current cumulative number of cases is 8,240 with 745 deaths and a global fatality rate of 9%. The most frequently involved areas include China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Canada, Vietnam and Philippines. Most cases of SARS to date have occurred in young adults and this disease appears to spread most commonly by close person-to-person contact, involving exposure to infectious droplets and body fluids. This transmission pattern generally involves household members, health care workers and international travellers, while a large and sudden cluster of almost simultaneous cases in an housing estate of Hong Kong has raised the possibility of transmission from an environmental source. The most common presenting symptoms are fever, malaise, non-productive cough and dyspnea, associated with pulmonary interstitial infiltrates on chest radiography. A novel coronavirus is associated with this outbreak, and the laboratory evidences indicate that this virus has an etiologic role in SARS, but the role of other concurrent viral agents (such as metapneumovirus) identified in these patients requires further investigation.
Calza
Leonardo
L
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Specialistica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Alma Mater Studiorum, Policlinico S. Orsola, Bologna. calza@med.unibo.it
Manfredi
Roberto
R
Verucchi
Gabriella
G
Chiodo
Francesco
F
D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004630:Emergencies; D014943:Global Health; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012254:Ribavirin