title: Parasexual genetics of Dictyostelium gene disruptions: identification of a ras pathway using diploids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relative ease of targeted gene disruption in the social amoeba Dictyostelium has stimulated its widespread use as an experimental organism for cell and developmental biology. However, the field has been hamstrung by the lack of techniques to recombine disrupted genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe new techniques for parasexual fusion of strains in liquid medium, selection and maintenance of the resulting stable diploid strains, and segregation to make recombined haploids. We have used these techniques to isolate rasS/gefB double nulls. The phenotypes of these mutants are no more severe than either parent, with movement, phagocytosis and fluid-phase endocytosis affected to the same degree as in rasS or gefB single nulls. In addition, we have produced diploids from one AX2- and one AX3-derived parent, providing an axenic strain with fewer secondary phenotypes than has been previously available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phenotype of the rasS/gefB double mutant suggests that the RasS and GefB proteins lie on the same linear pathway. In addition, axenic diploids and the techniques to generate, maintain and segregate them will be productive tools for future work on Dictyostelium. They will particularly facilitate generation of multiple mutants and manipulation of essential genes.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. jasonking50@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Insall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004171:Diploidy; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D006238:Haploidy; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D020663:ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D018631:ras Proteins