title: A technique for transplantation of ovarian cortical strips to the forearm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a forearm heterotopic ovarian transplantation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One patient with stage IIIB squamous cell cervical carcinoma and one patient with recurrent benign ovarian cysts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preparation of thin ovarian cortical slices and transplantation under the skin of the forearm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follicular development and oocyte retrieval; cyclical estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) production; restoration of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels to reproductive age range.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients were menopausal immediately after oophorectomy. The first patient developed a dominant follicle 10 weeks after transplantation, and her gonadotropin levels decreased to nonmenopausal levels. Percutaneous aspiration of ovarian follicles yielded a metaphase I (M-I) oocyte that was matured to metaphase II (M-II). The first patient's graft was functional for at least 21 months. In the second patient, ovarian follicle development was detected 6 months after transplantation, and periodic menstruation occurred thereafter. Spontaneous ovulation was confirmed by a midluteal increase in her P(4) levels. Menstruation and follicle development continued for more than 2 years after the transplant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterotopic transplantation of ovarian tissue to the forearm is a simple and promising technique to restore ovarian function in women who become menopausal due to chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA. kuo9001@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Kutluk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buyuk
authors.forename: Zev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rosenwaks
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rucinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D009865:Oocytes; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010053:Ovary / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone