title: Four-dimensional real-time sonographically guided cauterization of the umbilical cord in a case of twin-twin transfusion syndrome.
abstract: In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) sonographic technology has matured from a static imaging modality to near-real-time imaging. One of the more notable improvements in this technology has been the speed with which the imaged volume is acquired and displayed. This has enabled the birth of the near-real-time or four-dimensional (4D) sonographic concept. Using the 4D feature of the current 3D sonography machines allows us to follow moving structures, such as fetal motion, in almost real time. Shortly after the emergence of 3D and 4D technology as a clinical imaging tool, its use in guiding needles into structures was explored by other investigators. We present a case in which we used the 4D feature of our sonographic equipment to follow the course and motion of an instrument inserted into the uterus to occlude the umbilical cord of a fetus in a case of twin-twin transfusion syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, Room 9E2-NB, New York, NY 1006, USA.
authors.forename: Ilan E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Timor-Tritsch
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rebarber
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: Christopher F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Caglione
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002425:Cautery; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005330:Fetofetal Transfusion / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*