title: [Evaluation of pollution of an urban area by level of heavy metals in snow cover].
abstract: The goal of this study was to systematize various methodological approaches to evaluating the contamination of the snow cover with heavy metals (HM) by using Kazan, an industrial city with diversified industry, as an example. The findings suggest that it is necessary to characterize the contamination of the snow cover by the actual entrance of an element per area unit of the snow cover for a definite period of time rather than by the concentration of TM in the volume unit of snow water (mg/l), which minimizes the uncertainties with spatial and temporary snow cover variations. The index of the maximum allowable entrance, which is of practical value, may be used to objectively calibrate the pollution of the snow cover, by estimating the amount of a coming element and its toxicity.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Stepanova
authors.forename: R Ia
authors.initials: RIa
authors.lastname: Khamitova
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Petrova
mesh_terms: D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D012426:Russia; D012914:Snow; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy