title: A novel polyamine analog inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
abstract: Polyamine analogs have demonstrated considerable activity against many important solid tumor models including breast cancer. However, the precise mechanisms of antitumor activities of polyamine analogs are not entirely understood. The cytotoxicity of a newly developed polyamine analog compound, SL11144, against human breast cancer was assessed. Treatment of human breast cancer cell lines in culture with SL11144 decreased cell proliferation and induced programmed cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. SL11144 also profoundly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in host nude mice without overt toxic effects. Treatment of MDA-MB-435 cells with SL11144 led to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. SL11144 decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, activator protein 1 transcriptional factor family member c-Jun was up-regulated by SL11144 in MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF7 cells. In addition, significant inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity and a decrease in polyamine pools were demonstrated. These results demonstrate that the novel polyamine analog SL11144 has effective antineoplastic action against human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and that multiple apoptotic mechanisms are associated with its cytotoxic effect in specific human breast cancer cell lines.
authors.affiliation: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Erin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Dawn L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Valerie R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frydman
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kink
authors.forename: Aldonia L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Valasinas
authors.forename: Venodhar K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Casero
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; D002843:Chromatin; D009707:Nucleosomes; D011073:Polyamines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; C483830:SL11144; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D045304:Cytochromes c; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; C022616:thiazolyl blue