title: Effectiveness of short-term feeding strategies for altering conjugated linoleic acid content of beef.
abstract: A steer finishing trial was performed to determine the effect of short-term dietary regimens on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of muscle tissues. The experimental design was an incomplete 3 x 2 factorial, with three levels of soybean oil (SBO; 0, 4, and 8% of diet DM) and two levels of forage (20 vs. 40% of diet DM). Forty Angus x Hereford steers averaging 504 +/- 29.0 kg were allotted randomly to one of four treatments for the last 6 wk of the finishing period. Treatments were: 80:20 concentrate:forage control diet (C); 80:20 concentrate:forage + 4% SBO (C4); 60:40 concentrate:forage + 4% SBO (F4); and 60:40 concentrate:forage + 8% SBO (F8). After 42 d on the experimental diets, steers were sacrificed and samples were collected from the chuck, loin, and round muscle groups. Fatty acid (FA; mg/100 mg of FA) composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Data were statistically analyzed with mixed models procedures. The performance and carcass quality model included the effects of SBO and forage. The model for FA composition included the effects of SBO, forage, muscle group, and interactions. Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine linear effects of SBO. There were no differences in growth performance among treatments (P > 0.05). Increasing dietary SBO linearly decreased dressing percent (P = 0.04), and tended to linearly decrease marbling score (P = 0.12) and quality grade (P = 0.08). The only CLA isomer detected in tissue samples was cis-9,trans-11. Addition of SBO to diets linearly increased linoleic acid (18:2n-6; P = 0.04) and tended to linearly increase linolenic acid (18:3n-3; P = 0.10) in muscle tissues. The CLA in lean tissues was decreased (P = 0.005) with SBO-containing diets. These findings suggest that increased PUFA may limit ruminal production of CLA and trans-vaccenic acid (VA) and/or may depress stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression or activity in lean tissues, which in turn limits CLA formation and accretion in tissues. Increasing dietary forage tended to increase 18:0, 18:2n-6, CLA, and 18:3n-3 (P < 0.15), suggesting that increased forage may mitigate toxic effects of PUFA on ruminal biohydrogenation, thereby increasing the pool of CLA and VA available for CLA formation and accretion in tissues. Short-term feeding of elevated SBO and forage levels can alter FA profiles in muscle tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-4417, USA. drgriz@siu.edu
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Apgar
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Woody
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000662:veterinary; D007536:Isomerism; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013024:Soybean Oil; D019787:Linoleic Acid