Environmental economics reality check: a case study of the Abanico Medicinal Plant and Organic Agriculture Microenterprise Project.
This paper presents a case study of the Abanico Medicinal Plant and Organic Agriculture Microenterprise Project in the Arenal Conservation Area, Costa Rica. Microenterprise is the Sustainable Development and the Women in Development model for gender equity and environment of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and large non-government organizations, like the World Wildlife Fund-Canada. The authors of this paper argue that debt-for-nature investment in microenterprise and ecological economic models are not distinct from neoclassical economic and development models that created the environmental, social and cultural crises in the first place. This case study shows that the world market accommodates only one model of development: unsustainable export-oriented production based on flexible labour markets, low wages, indebtedness and low cost production. Working standards in those micro-enterprises are eroded due to many factors,including indebtedness. What happened at a national level in non-industrial countries with the international debt crisis is now mirrored in individual indebtedness through microenterprise. Is current development policy creating a new form of indentured servitude? Medicinal plants, prior to commodification, were a source of women's power and upon commodification in international development projects, are the source of their exploitation.
Isla
Ana
A
Women's Studies Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Thompson
Shirley
S
D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics*; D003364:Costa Rica; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003906:Developing Countries; D004345:Drug Industry; D004463:Ecology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007449:Investments; D018803:Models, Economic; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012924:Social Conditions