Comparison of symptoms of influenza A with abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reaction.
Differentiation between abacavir hypersensitivity and viral respiratory infections is problematic. Fifteen cases of abacavir hypersensitivity were matched to 30 controls with culture proven influenza A with no abacavir exposure. Rash was associated with hypersensitivity (odds ratio [OR] = 13.1, P = 0.02) as was the presence of nausea (OR = 30, P < 0.001), vomiting (OR = 17.1, P = 0.001) or diarrhoea (OR = 22, P < 0.001). The number of gastrointestinal symptoms was also predictive of hypersensitivity reaction (P < 0.001). Respiratory symptoms (cough, sore throat, or dyspnoea) were not associated with abacavir hypersensitivity (OR = 0.08, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the following associations for abacavir hypersensitivity: the number of gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0032), cough (OR = 0.039, P = 0.02) and rash (OR = 16.9, P = 0.07). Abacavir hypersensitivity is strongly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Cough without GI symptoms is associated with influenza.
Keiser
Philip
P
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas 75235, USA. Philip.Keiser@email.swmed.edu
Nassar
Naiel
N
Skiest
Daniel
D
Andrews
Charla
C
Yazdani
Beena
B
White
Alice
A
Hetherington
Seth
S
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000099227:Abacavir
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D000099227:Abacavir