title: [Inhibition of activation of nuclear factor-kappaB enhanced apoptosis of leukemic cells induced by homoharringtonine].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of dexamethasone (DXM) and vincristine (VCR) on apoptosis of K562-n cells and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB-gene binding (NF-kappaB) in K562-n cells induced by homoharringtonine.
  
  
  METHODS
  K562-n cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium. Homoharringtonine of various concentrations was added into the cultures. Twelve hours later, the apoptosis induced by homoharringtonine in K562-n cells was analysed by TdT-mediated X-dUTP nick and end labeling (TUNEL) and DNA electrophoresis. Another sample of K562-n cells was culture together with DXM (1 micro mol/L) or VCR (0.1 micro mol/L) for 2 hours, then homoharringtonine was added into the cultures. Twelve hours later, the apoptosis in K562-n cells was analysed by TUNEL and DNA electrophoresis. Still another sample of K562-n cells was cultured for 3 hours with homoharringtonine, then electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was conducted to determine the DNA-binding activation of NF-kappaB. A fourth sample of K562-n cells was cultured together with DXM (1 micro mol/L) or VCR (0.1 micro mol/L) for 2 hours, then homoharringtonine was added into the cultures. Three hours later, EMSA was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The apoptosis rates of K562-n cells induced by homoharringtonine of various concentrations were (30.00 +/- 3.34)%, (47.13 +/- 3.18)% and (68.63 +/- 8.14)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of K562-n cells induced by homoharringtonine being pre-processed with DXM or VCR were (55.75 +/- 3.88)% and (64.38 +/- 4.60)%, respectively, being 85.8% and 114.6% higher than that induced by homoharringtonine alone (30.00 +/- 3.34)% (all P < 0.05). Activation of NF-kappaB in K562-n cells was induced significantly by homoharringtonine. Activation of NF-kappaB in K562-n cells induced by homoharringtonine could be suppressed by being pre-processed with 1.0 micro mol/L DXM or 0.1 micro mol/L VCR. The rate of suppression was 32.0% and 39.4% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis of K562-n cells and induces NF-kappaB activation in K562-n cells. The mechanism of increased apoptosis of K562-n cells with DXM or VCR may be related to suppression of activation of NF-kappaB of K562-n cells.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. jhshi@zshospital.com
authors.forename: Jian-hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xiao-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zong-liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing-song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Wen-ying
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006248:Harringtonines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077863:Homoharringtonine; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020014:K562 Cells; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D014750:Vincristine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006248:Harringtonines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014750:Vincristine; D000077863:Homoharringtonine; D003907:Dexamethasone