Clinical implications of the tumor necrosis factor family in benign and malignant hematologic disorders.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), originally identified as a factor produced in the serum of endotoxin-injected animals, is a cytokine that mediates tumor necrosis. To date, 20 different members of the TNF superfamily and 21 different receptors have been identified. All ligands of the TNF superfamily have been found to activate transcription factor NF-kappaB and c-Jun kinase. Members of this family have diverse biologic effects, including induction of apoptosis, promotion of cell survival, and regulation of the immune system. The current review focuses on four members that play important roles in regulating hematopoietic cells and are involved in the pathogenesis of several hematologic malignancies. The potential therapeutic use of these members also is discussed.
Younes
Anas
A
Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ayounes@mail.mdanderson.org
Aggarwall
Bharat B
BB
D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen / Q000502:physiology*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha