title: Neural correlates of memories of abandonment in women with and without borderline personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric disorder that is often linked to early stressors. One particularly salient feature of the disorder is fear of abandonment. This pilot study was conducted to measure neural correlates of memories of abandonment in women with and without BPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty women with a history of childhood sexual abuse underwent measurement of brain blood flow with positron emission tomography imaging while they listened to scripts describing neutral and personal abandonment events. Brain blood flow during exposure to abandonment and neutral scripts was compared among women with and without BPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Memories of abandonment were associated with greater increases in blood flow in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (middle frontal gyrus, Brodmann's areas 9 and 10) as well as right cuneus (area 19) in women with BPD than in women without BPD. Abandonment memories were associated with greater decreases in right anterior cingulate (areas 24 and 32) in women with BPD than in women without BPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings implicate dysfunction of dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex including anterior cingulate, left temporal cortex, and visual association cortex in memories of abandonment in women with BPD. These brain areas may mediate symptoms of BPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schmahl
authors.forename: Bernet M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Elzinga
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vermetten
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanislow
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McGlashan
authors.forename: J Douglas
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bremner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology