title: Intravascular ultrasound: potential tool to assess coronary anastomosis quality.
abstract: Coronary angiography and Doppler flow measurements are most commonly used to assess the patency of anastomoses in the operating theater. Intravascular ultrasound might be another means of monitoring the surgical procedure during coronary artery bypass. Five sheep underwent off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery using the left internal mammary artery. The running suture was evaluated by intraoperative fluoroscopy and a coronary intravascular ultrasound probe inserted into the target artery proximal to the anastomosis. Macroscopic examination of the anastomosis was performed to validate the angiographic and intravascular ultrasound images. The diameter, cross-sectional area, and compliance of each anastomosis were calculated in systole and diastole. All anastomoses were patent without signs of stenosis. In one case, intravascular ultrasound showed an intimal flap, which was confirmed by macroscopic examination. The mean major anastomotic diameter was 4.5 +/- 0.5 mm on angiography and 4.0 +/- 0.5 mm on intravascular ultrasound. From the ultrasound data, the mean cross-sectional anastomotic area was calculated as 6.21 +/- 0.1 mm(2) in systole and 5.49 +/- 0.1 mm(2) in diastole, and these data were used to calculate the cross-sectional anastomosis compliance. Coronary intravascular ultrasound can visualize intima-to-intima apposition and provide reliable calculations of anastomosis compliance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery-BH10, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011-Lausanne, Switzerland. tozzig@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.forename: Antonio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Corno
authors.forename: Ludwig K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: von Segesser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012756:Sheep; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional