title: Memory training alters hippocampal neurochemistry in healthy elderly.
abstract: Accumulating epidemiological evidence supports the notion of brain reserve, but there has been no investigation of neurobiological change associated with brief mental activation training in humans. Healthy older individuals were therefore investigated with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in different brain regions before and after 5 weeks of focused memory training. Recall of a test-word list of > 23 items was achieved accompanied by elevation of creatine and choline signals in the hippocampus. Those at risk for neural dysfunction, as indicated by lower neurometabolites at baseline, demonstrated the largest MRS increases after training. Biochemical changes related to cellular energy and cell-membrane turnover were found to increase after structured memory exercises and were limited to the medial temporal lobe.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Euroa Centre, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. michaelv@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rae
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shnier
authors.forename: Perminder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sachdev
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline