title: Value of echocardiography for observing left ventricular hypertrophy in the diagnosis of myocardial microvascular damage in hypertensives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the value of the echocardiographic observation of the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in diagnosing myocardial microvascular damage in patients with essential hypertension (EH).
  
  
  METHODS
  After intravenous injection with Quanfuxian (a contrast agent consisting of albumin and C3F8 prepared by Nanfang Hospital), the values of A (the maximum number of microbubbles accumulating in the local tissues for assessing the density of local microvessels), beta (the filling velocity of contrast agent for evaluating local blood flow velocity) and A x beta (the product of A and beta for estimating local myocardial blood flow) at rest and after dipyridamole injection were measured by intermittent harmonic imaging with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). The ratios of A and beta along with the microvascular coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) were also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the rest values of A, beta and A.beta in EH patients were higher, especially in those with LVH. After dipyridamole injection, the values of A, beta, A x beta and the ratios of A and beta, along with CFVR as well, were significantly lowered (P <0.01), and the reductions were especially obvious in LVH cases. As the hypertension exacerbated, the values of A and A x beta tended to increase in positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P <0.01), while the ratio of A and CFVR were decreased, the latter was inversely correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.55, P <0.01). Positive correlations were noted of the values of A and A x beta with the left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index (P <0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EH patients, especially those with LVH, are characterized by increased rest myocardial microvascular blood flow, impaired myocardial microvascular flow reserve and endothelium independent vasodilation relaxing ability, and reduced capillary density, and these conditions tend exacerbate as the disease worsens. Microvascular function impairment should be suspected when complication of LVH arises in the EH patients. As a new important noninvasive technique, MCE can be a promising modality for diagnosing microvascular disease in essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. cds@sina.com
authors.forename: Dong-sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Yi-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhi-bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-chao
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Jian-cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Xiu
authors.forename: Dao-gang
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Ping-sheng
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ding-li
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged