title: [Anesthetic management of pediatric renal transplantation: a review of 15 cases under the age of 10 years].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In pediatric renal transplantation, an adult kidney is transplanted to a small child and it may cause severe cardiovascular insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anesthetic management of 15 pediatric recipients younger than 10 years, undergoing living-related renal transplantation were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the operation, 3 of 15 patients were receiving hemodialysis, and the others were receiving peritoneal dialysis. Isoflurane was used for the anesthetic maintenance in most of cases. Arterial and central venous pressures were monitored invasively in all cases. Pulmonary arterial catheters and transesophageal echocardiography were used in some patients with cardiac complications. For intraoperative fluid management, a total volume of 18 ml.kg-1.h-1 (mean) was infused, which included approximately 8 ml.kg-1.h-1 of crystalloid, 7 ml.kg-1.h-1 of fresh frozen plasma, and 2 ml.kg-1.h-1 of washed red blood cells. Dopamine 1-7 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 and human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) 0.05-0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 were administered as diuretics. None of 15 patients developed severe cardiovascular insufficiency of poor diuresis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular stability and good function of the transplanted kidney were maintained by appropriate monitoring and continuous intravenous infusion of dopamine and hANP. It is important to infuse enough volume of fluid and blood before recanalization.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Anesthesiology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hirosato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies