title: Tissue Doppler imaging predicts the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in subjects with subclinical disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systolic (Sa) and diastolic (Ea) myocardial velocities measured by tissue Doppler (TD) imaging (TDI) recently were shown to be decreased in subjects who have mutations causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but who do not have left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. By studying these subjects at a later date, we sought to determine whether TDI predicts the subsequent evolution of the HCM phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial 2D and Doppler echocardiography were performed in 12 subjects (age range, 17 to 51 years) with HCM-causing mutations on 2 occasions: before development of hypertrophy and 2 years later. Twelve age- and gender-matched family members without mutations were included as control subjects. In those with mutations, mean septal thickness and LV mass were 1.07+/-0.14 cm and 103.0+/-11 g at baseline, respectively, and increased to 1.30+/-0.36 cm and 193.0+/-78 g at follow-up (P<0.01), with 6 subjects satisfying HCM diagnostic criteria. Sa and Ea velocities in those with mutations were lower compared with control subjects at baseline and follow-up (lateral Sa, 15+/-1.2 versus 8.2+/-2.1 cm/s; lateral Ea, 16.5+/-2.8 versus 8.1+/-2.3 cm/s; P<0.01). At 2 years, left atrial volume and pulmonary venous flow indices of LV filling pressures increased, whereas TD early and late diastolic velocities decreased (all P<0.05) in those with the mutations. Control subjects had no significant interval changes of the above parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subsequent development of HCM in subjects with initially reduced TD velocities establishes TDI as a reliable method for early identification of HCM mutation carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex, USA. sherifn@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Sherif F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nagueh
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McFalls
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Zoghbi
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Quiñones
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Marian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000235:genetics; D024741:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D024723:Ventricular Myosins / Q000235:genetics; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D024723:Ventricular Myosins; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C