title: Tissue-specific plantar fascia-stretching exercise enhances outcomes in patients with chronic heel pain. A prospective, randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 10% of patients with plantar fasciitis have development of persistent and often disabling symptoms. A poor response to treatment may be due, in part, to inappropriate and nonspecific stretching techniques. We hypothesized that patients with chronic plantar fasciitis who are managed with the structure-specific plantar fascia-stretching program for eight weeks have a better functional outcome than do patients managed with a standard Achilles tendon-stretching protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and one patients who had chronic proximal plantar fasciitis for a duration of at least ten months were randomized into one of two treatment groups. The mean age was forty-six years. All patients received prefabricated soft insoles and a three-week course of celecoxib, and they also viewed an educational video on plantar fasciitis. The patients received instructions for either a plantar fascia tissue-stretching program (Group A) or an Achilles tendon-stretching program (Group B). All patients completed the pain subscale of the Foot Function Index and a subject-relevant outcome survey that incorporated generic and condition-specific outcome measures related to pain, function, and satisfaction with treatment outcome. The patients were reevaluated after eight weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two patients returned for follow-up evaluation. With the exception of the duration of symptoms (p < 0.01), covariates for baseline measures revealed no significant differences between the groups. The pain subscale scores of the Foot Function Index showed significantly better results for the patients managed with the plantar fascia-stretching program with respect to item 1 (worst pain; p = 0.02) and item 2 (first steps in the morning; p = 0.006). Analysis of the response rates to the outcome measures also revealed significant differences with respect to pain, activity limitations, and patient satisfaction, with greater improvement seen in the group managed with the plantar fascia-stretching program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A program of non-weight-bearing stretching exercises specific to the plantar fascia is superior to the standard program of weight-bearing Achilles tendon-stretching exercises for the treatment of symptoms of proximal plantar fasciitis. These findings provide an alternative option to the present standard of care in the nonoperative treatment of patients with chronic, disabling plantar heel pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Ithaca College, University of Rochester Campus, New York 14623, USA. benedict_digiovanni@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Benedict F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: DiGiovanni
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nawoczenski
authors.forename: Marc E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lintal
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Wilding
authors.forename: Judith F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baumhauer
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000503:physiopathology; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005205:Fascia / Q000503:physiopathology; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012775:Shoes; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib