title: Principles of some novel rapid dipstick methods for detection and characterization of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) serotype most commonly associated with verotoxin (VT) production is O157:H7, but other serotypes have also been implicated in food-borne illness. These serotypes exhibit much greater genetic and biochemical diversity than E. coli O157:H7, making screening for all VTEC difficult. Here we describe development and testing of novel multi-analyte antibody-based dipstick methods for presumptive detection of VTEC cells and VTs, including non-O157 serotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dipsticks are formatted as paddle-style and lateral flow devices. Test materials included raw milk, minced beef, apple juice and salami, spiked with VTEC. Prototype paddle dipsticks gave 47 of 48 E. coli O157-positive samples correct, and, simultaneously, 27 of 31 O26-positive samples correct, across the four food types. Prototype lateral flow dipsticks gave 12 of 12 E. coli O157-positive milk samples correct and, simultaneously, 28 of 28 positive VT samples correct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrates that simple and rapid detection of more than one VTEC characteristic (toxin production and type, serogroup) is possible in a single dipstick test device, directly from a food enrichment culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of simple easy-to-use rapid methods for simultaneous detection and preliminary characterization of VTEC will enable the risk presented by all VTEC to be more thoroughly assessed (e.g. in surveillance studies, outbreak investigations).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Aldus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Amerongen
authors.forename: R M C
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ariëns
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wichers
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002460:Cell Line; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D011934:Reagent Strips; D022603:Shiga Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D011934:Reagent Strips; D022603:Shiga Toxins