title: [Depression after first myocardial infarction. A prospective study on incidence, prognosis, risk factors and treatment].
abstract: In these studies patients with first myocardial infarction (MI) were selected for studies focusing on epidemiology, risk factors and treatment of depression post-MI. Two consecutive cohorts of first MI patients were included. The first cohort was selected between May 1994 and May 1997 (n = 206), and the second between May 1997 and October 1999 (n = 206). All patients were screened every 3 months for depression using the SCL-90 and the Zung (cohort 1) or SCL-90, BDI and HADS (cohort 2) until 12 months post-MI. Patients scoring above the cut-off of one of the questionnaires were interviewed using a standardised interview in order to evaluate whether DSM-IV criteria for major depression were met; patients of the second cohort were also interviewed 1 month post-MI, independently of the score of the questionnaires. Of both cohorts data concerning major cardiac events and increased health care consumption were assessed during a 1 to 6 years follow-up period. Patients with major depression were offered treatment in the double-blind placebo-controlled trial with fluoxetine (n = 54). Depression appeared to be a predictor of increased health care consumption, but not of major cardiac events such as cardiac death and recurrent infarction in first myocardial infarction (MI) patients up to 6 years post-MI. This finding is in contrast to findings in the literature indicating that in patient populations with mixed first and recurrent MI, depression is a risk factor for cardiac mortality. In contrast to depression, symptoms of anxiety do predict cardiac mortality and recurrent MI in patients following first MI independently of other risk factors of cardiac mortality. Recognition of risk factors for post-MI depression may help the cardiologist to identify patients at risk for depression. Examples of such risk factors are, according to our studies, complications during admission, such as arrhythmic disorders and recurrent angina pectoris, and prescription of benzodiazepines. Patients at risk can be screened for depression using a 4-item questionnaire, and, if scoring is positive, be referred for psychiatric evaluation. Although the effectivity of antidepressive treatment in MI patients has as yet not been proven, we found that fluoxetine is a cardiac-safe antidepressive agent, but only in mild depression more effective than placebo. The positive effect of antidepressive treatment on cardiac prognosis has as yet not been shown.
authors.affiliation: Afdeling Psychiatrie Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht.
authors.forename: Jacqueline J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Strik
authors.forename: Herman M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van Praag
authors.forename: Adriaan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honig
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D005473:Fluoxetine