title: A comparison of balloon-mounted and self-expanding stents in the carotid arteries: immediate and long-term results of more than 500 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the rates of neurological complications and restenosis for balloon-mounted (BM) versus self-expanding (SE) stents deployed in the extracranial carotid arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 513 patients (312 men; mean age 71.3 years, range 27-91) who underwent carotid artery stent placement, 496 received 520 stents. The patients were followed with periodic duplex ultrasound examinations; angiography was performed whenever the duplex scan identified a >50% stenosis or symptoms warranted investigation. Periprocedural data on complications were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis, while intermediate-term neurological complications were compared in stented patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the periprocedural period, there were 19 (3.7%) transient ischemic attacks, 10 (1.9%) minor strokes, 6 (1.2%) major strokes, and 8 (1.6%) deaths among the 513 patients. Five (1.0%) of the deaths were related to neurological complications (3.9% all stroke/neurological death rate). Among the 496 patients receiving 247 (48%) BM stents and 273 (52%) SE stents in 518 arteries, the all stroke/neurological death rates were 3.6% and 4.0%, respectively (p>0.05). During a mean follow-up of 20.6 months (range to 5.6 years), the 3-year freedom from all fatal and ipsilateral nonfatal strokes excluding the 30-day periprocedural period was 95.0% for BM stents and 95.2% for SE devices. Vessel patency (>50%) at 3 years was 92.0% in the population: 96.3% for BM stents and 83.7% for SE stents (p=0.0422).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of neurological complications following carotid stenting has been relatively low overall, and no differences were found relative to the type of stent deployed. Vessel patency was excellent at 3 years, with slightly better patency in BM stents, but because of their vulnerability to compression, they will not replace SE stents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Interventional Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA. wholey@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Michael Henry
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wholey
authors.forename: Mark Henry
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wholey
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Gustave
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eles
authors.forename: Chester
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jarmolowski
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome