title: Nutritional factors and breast cancer in Mexico.
abstract: Breast cancer (BC) morbidity and mortality in Mexico are on the rise, affecting younger women with more frequency. Nutritional factors are often mentioned as determinants of BC but their relevance is not well established in Latin-American countries, where dietary habits show great variation. From a study population previously assembled in Mexico City, 141 histologically confirmed cases of BC were matched by age (+/-3 yr) to an equal number of hospital controls. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to all subjects and the risk of BC was estimated in relation to the intake of selected nutrients. The findings of this study show a protective effect against BC due to a high intake of polyunsaturated fat (odds ratio, OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.40, P for trend = 0.001) and vitamin E (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.44, P for trend = 0.003) among postmenopausal women. In addition, our findings also suggest that a high intake of total fiber (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.08-1.10, P for trend = 0.080) and carotenes (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.16-1.14, P for trend = 0.088) lowers BC risk among premenopausal women. The relationship between the intake of nutrients and BC risk needs further confirmation.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62508 Mexico. lizbeth@correo.insp.mx
authors.forename: Pastor
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonilla-Fernández
authors.forename: Malaquías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Cervantes
authors.forename: Luisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Torres-Sánchez
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortolero-Luna
authors.forename: Lizbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Carrillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids