title: Molecular and biochemical characterization of VR-EILs encoding mung bean ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE proteins.
abstract: ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) is a transcription factor involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway in Arabidopsis. Two full-length cDNA clones, pVR-EIL1 and pVR-EIL2, encoding EIN3-LIKE proteins were isolated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and by screening the cDNA library of mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls. VR-EIL1 and VR-EIL2 share 70% identity and display varying degrees of sequence conservation (39%-65%) with previously isolated EIN3 homologs from Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Gel retardation assay revealed that both VR-EILs were able to interact specifically with optimal binding sequence-1, the recently identified optimal binding sequence for tobacco TEIL, with the binding of VR-EIL2 being more efficient than that of VR-EIL1. Transient expression analysis using a VR-EIL::smGFP fusion gene in onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells indicated that the VR-EIL proteins were effectively targeted to the nucleus. The fusion protein of VR-EIL2 with GAL4 DNA-binding domain strongly activated transcription of a reporter gene in yeast cells, and an essential domain for transcription-stimulating activity was localized to the amino-terminal acidic region that consists of 50 amino acid residues. In contrast with what has been previously found in EIN3- and TEIL-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants, transgenic tobacco seedlings expressing the VR-EIL genes under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter did not exhibit a constitutive triple response. Instead, they displayed a markedly enhanced proliferation of root hairs, one of the typical ethylene response phenotypes, and increased sensitivity to exogenous ethylene. In addition, the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes encoding beta-1,3-glucanase, osmotin, and PR1 were constitutively expressed in 35S::VR-EIL lines without added ethylene, and were hyperinduced in response to ethylene treatment. These results indicate that VR-EILs are functional in tobacco cells, thereby effectively transactivating the GCC-box-containing PR genes and enhancing sensitivity to ethylene. The possible physiological role of VR-EILs is discussed in the light of the suggestion that they are active components of the ethylene-signaling pathway and their heterologous expressions constitutively turn on a subset of ethylene responses in tobacco plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Woo Taek
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C106987:EIN3 protein, Arabidopsis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors