title: Chromosome integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the interplay of DNA replication initiation factors, elongation factors, and origins.
abstract: The integrity of chromosomes during cell division is ensured by both trans-acting factors and cis-acting chromosomal sites. Failure of either these chromosome integrity determinants (CIDs) can cause chromosomes to be broken and subsequently misrepaired to form gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). We developed a simple and rapid assay for GCRs, exploiting yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used this assay to screen a genome-wide pool of mutants for elevated rates of GCR. The analyses of these mutants define new CIDs (Orc3p, Orc5p, and Ycs4p) and new pathways required for chromosome integrity in DNA replication elongation (Dpb11p), DNA replication initiation (Orc3p and Orc5p), and mitotic condensation (Ycs4p). We show that the chromosome integrity function of Orc5p is associated with its ATP-binding motif and is distinct from its function in controlling the efficiency of initiation of DNA replication. Finally, we used our YAC assay to assess the interplay of trans and cis factors in chromosome integrity. Increasing the number of origins on a YAC suppresses GCR formation in our dpb11 mutant but enhances it in our orc mutants. This result provides potential insights into the counterbalancing selective pressures necessary for the evolution of origin density on chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, Maryland , Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koshland
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002875:Chromosomes; D018244:Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051738:Origin Recognition Complex; D018741:Replication Origin; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C097185:DPB11 protein, S cerevisiae; D051738:Origin Recognition Complex; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins