title: Use of antibiotics in upper respiratory infections on patients under 16 years old in private ambulatory medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess antibiotic use for upper respiratory infections (URI) treatment on patients under 16 years-old who are beneficiaries of a pre-paid health care scheme.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database containing the record of all the medical prescriptions for URI treatment, from May 1997 to April 1998 was analyzed. Patients were under 16 years old and had been diagnosed with common colds, pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, and other unspecified upper respiratory tract infections. Three hundred and fifty-one physicians of seven different specialties who attended 25,300 beneficiaries wrote such prescriptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30,889 assorted medications were prescribed to 5,533 patients with the above diagnoses. Antibiotics were prescribed for 77.5% of all diagnoses, ranging from 58% for pharyngitis to 91% for laryngitis. The most frequently used antibiotics were: penicillin, cephalosporins, and macrolides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presents the information of antibiotics prescription practices for URI in a pre-paid health plan in Mexico. These findings may be used to support specific campaigns for rational use of antibiotics among children attended at private ambulatory health care practices.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación Clínica, Hospital General de México, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Ingris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peláez-Ballestas
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Garduño
authors.forename: José Luist
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arredondo-García
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Viramontes-Madrid
authors.forename: Artemisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Chiu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008800:Mexico; D017061:Prepaid Health Plans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011331:Private Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents