title: Breast cancer and pregnancy: a diagnostic and management dilemma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present paper was to review the current knowledge of pregnancy concurrent with a diagnosis of breast cancer, and how best to manage this group of women and those breast cancer survivors who may subsequently conceive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnancy-associated breast cancer or gestational breast cancer is defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or in the 12 months post-partum. A review of the current literature on breast cancer-related pregnancy suggests an incidence of between 0.7 and 3.9%. The prognosis is thought not to be significantly different from non-pregnancy-associated breast cancer, except in cases where a delay in diagnosis is associated with more advanced disease. The treatment is similar to non-pregnant cases, with the exception of radiotherapy, which is contraindicated throughout pregnancy; and chemotherapy, which is contraindicated during the first trimester. Few breast cancer survivors go on to conceive, but those who do have no worse breast cancer or pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the research in this field has come from small, specialized institutions and may not reflect what occurs in the wider community. Further population-based research in this area is needed, and is currently being undertaken in Western Australia.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Puckridge
authors.forename: Christobel M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ives
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Semmens
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents