title: The effects of isoflurane on conditioned inhibition by dorsal column stimulation.
abstract: Spinal dorsal column stimulation (DCS) modulates sensory transmission, including pain, at the dorsal horn of the cord. However, the mechanisms of DCS modulatory actions and the effects of anesthetics on these mechanisms remain to be investigated. We studied the effects of isoflurane (1.0% and 2.0%) on conditioned inhibition, the amplitude decrease of the spinal cord potentials (SCPs) after a conditioning volley (DCS), in the ketamine-anesthetized rat by recording the sharp negative (N) and slow positive (P) waves of the SCPs evoked by conditioning dorsal column (DC) and testing segmental stimulations. The N wave is believed to be the synchronized activity of the dorsal horn neurons, and the P wave, primary afferent depolarization (PAD), reflecting presynaptic inhibition. The P potentials evoked by either DC or segmental stimulation were depressed by isoflurane, whereas the N waves remained unchanged, indicating that the pharmacological characteristics of these N and P waves are similar between DC-evoked and segmentally evoked SCPs. The conditioned inhibition of segmental N and P waves by DC stimulation was almost completely suppressed by 2.0% isoflurane. The conditioned inhibition of the segmental N wave was not changed by spinal cord transection, whereas the conditioned inhibition of the segmental P wave was decreased. The results indicate that isoflurane depresses presynaptic inhibition without affecting the synchronized activity of dorsal horn neurons and, most profoundly, depresses the conditioned inhibition by DC stimulation of the dorsal horn neurons and PAD. Further, the results indicate that conditioned inhibition by DC stimulation of PAD receives a facilitatory influence from the supraspinal structures, whereas that of the synchronized activity of the dorsal horn neurons does not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To investigate how anesthetics affect supraspinal modulation of sensory transmission in the spinal cord, the spinal cord potential (SCP) evoked by dorsal cord stimulation (DCS) and segmentally evoked SCP conditioned by DCS were recorded in intact and spinal cord-transected rats during isoflurane anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobita
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamakura
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoji
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane