title: Early use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: observations from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify patient and hospital features associated with early glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy for non-ST-elevation (NSTE) myocardial infarction (MI) and to relate this treatment to in-hospital outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have improved outcomes in randomized trials of NSTE MI, leading national treatment guidelines to recommend their use. Their actual use, safety, and effectiveness have not been well characterized beyond trial populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 60,770 patients with NSTE MI treated between July 2000 and July 2001 at 1,189 hospitals in a U.S. registry. Using logistic regression, we identified patient and hospital features associated with GP IIb/IIIa inhibition within 24 h after presentation. We also compared outcomes by early treatment versus no treatment after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics and treatment propensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 25% of eligible patients received early GP IIb/IIIa therapy. Elderly patients, women, minority patients, and those without private insurance received such therapy less often than their counterparts. Treated patients had lower unadjusted in-hospital mortality (3.3% vs. 9.6%, p < 0.0001) remaining significantly lower after adjustment for patient risk, treatment propensity, and hospital characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 0.97). Hospitals that adopted early GP IIb/IIIa inhibition more rapidly also had lower adjusted mortality rates than those slower to adopt such therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy appears to be underused in early management of NSTE MI patients. Because this therapy is associated with better outcomes, it represents a target for quality improvement.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Room 7009, Durham, NC 27705, USA. peter016@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Lori S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Littrell
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Canto
authors.forename: Hal V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Barron
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012042:Registries; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex