title: An evidence-based estimate of the appropriate radiotherapy utilization rate for colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current estimates of the proportion of cancer patients who will require RT are based almost entirely on expert opinion. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of incident cases of colorectal cancer that should receive RT using an evidence-based approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify indications for RT for colorectal cancer, and to ascertain the level of evidence that supported each indication. An epidemiologic approach was then used to estimate the incidence of each indication for RT in a typical North American population of colorectal cancer patients. The effect of sampling error on the estimated appropriate rate of RT was calculated mathematically, and the effect of systematic error was estimated by sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was estimated that 23.7% +/- 1.0% of colorectal cancer cases develop one or more indications for RT at some point in the course of the illness: 20.9% +/- 1.1% as part of their initial treatment, and 2.8% +/- 0.5% later for recurrence or progression. We estimated that 7.1% +/- 0.8% of colon carcinoma patients will require RT at some point in the course of the illness: 4.0% +/- 0.7% as part of their initial treatment, and 3.1% +/- 0.4% later for recurrence or progression. We estimated that 72.3% +/- 1.0% of rectal carcinoma patients will require RT at some point in the course of the illness: 69.6% +/- 0.9% as part of their initial treatment and 2.7% +/- 0.2% later for recurrence or progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method provides a rational starting point for the long-term planning of radiation services, and for the audit of access to RT at the population level. By completing such evaluations in the major cancer sites, it will be possible to estimate the appropriate RT treatment rate for the cancer population as a whole.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queens Cancer Research Institute, Queens University, Kingston Regional Cancer Centre, and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Farshad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foroudi
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyldesley
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbera
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mackillop
mesh_terms: D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy