title: ACE inhibition is effective and renoprotective in hypertensive nephrosclerosis: the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) trial.
abstract: An interim analysis of the AASK trial at three years demonstrates a renoprotective effect [slower decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), delayed onset of significant decrease in GFR, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death, and a decrease in urinary protein excretion] of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramipril, as compared to the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (DHP-CCB), amlodipine, in patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency. The beneficial effect occurred in the presence of similar levels of blood pressure control and was apparent in patients with proteinuric (beyond the threshold of "dipstick positive" proteinuria, 300 mg/day) and non-proteinuric hypertensive nephrosclerosis. At the time of the interim analysis, the effectiveness of the beta-blocker metoprolol was not significantly different from that of the ACE inhibitor. The data suggest that DHP-CCBs should be used with caution in the presence of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. jgd3@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: Janice G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agodoa
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001741:Black or African American; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009400:Nephrosclerosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine; D008790:Metoprolol; D017257:Ramipril