title: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester: a curcumin derivative targets Akt/NF kappa B cell survival signaling pathway: potential for prostate cancer management.
abstract: Transcription factor NFkappaB and the serine/threonine kinase Akt play critical roles in mammalian cell survival signaling and have been shown to be activated in various malignancies including prostate cancer (PCA). We have developed an analogue of curcumin called 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester (HMBME) that targets the Akt/NFkappaB signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate the ability of this novel compound to inhibit the proliferation of human and mouse PCA cells. HMBME-induced apoptosis in these cells was tested by using multiple biochemical approaches, in addition to morphologic analysis. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt reversed the HMBME-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis, illustrating the direct role of Akt signaling in HMBME-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis. Further, investigation of the molecular events associated with its action in LNCaP cells shows that: 1) HMBME reduces the level of activated form of Akt (phosphorylated Akt); and 2) inhibits the Akt kinase activity. Further, the transcriptional activity of NFkappaB, the DNA-binding activity of NFkappaB, and levels of p65 were all significantly reduced following treatment with HMBME. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt, but not the kinase dead mutant of Akt, activated the basal NFkappaB transcriptional activity. HMBME treatment had no influence on this constitutively active Akt-augmented NFkappaB transcriptional activity. These data indicate that HMBME-mediated inhibition of Akt kinase activity may have a potential in suppressing/decreasing the activity of major survival/antiapoptotic pathways. The potential use of HMBME as an agent that targets survival mechanisms in PCA cells is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Causation and Prevention, AMC Cancer Research Center and University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Denver, CO 80214, USA. kumarp@amc.org
authors.forename: Addanki P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Gretchen E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Rajendran V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Rajnarayanan
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Alworth
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Slaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003474:Curcumin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000187:drug effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; D014641:Vanillic Acid; D003474:Curcumin