title: Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease.
abstract: High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is known to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied the effect of high frequency STN stimulation in 23 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients suffering from severe Parkinson's disease (Stages III-V on Hoehn and Yahr scale) and, particularly bradykinesia, rigidity, and levodopa-induced dyskinesias underwent bilateral implantation of electrodes in the STN. Preoperative and postoperative assessments of these patients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up, in "on" and "off" drug conditions, was carried out using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr staging, England activities of daily living score and video recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one year of electrical stimulation of the STN, the patients' scores for activities of daily living and motor examination scores (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale parts II and III) off medication improved by 62% and 61% respectively (p<0.0005). The subscores for the akinesia, rigidity, tremor and gait also improved. (p<0.0005). The average levodopa dose decreased from 813 mg to 359 mg. The cognitive functions remained unchanged. Two patients developed device-related complications and two patients experienced abnormal weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. It reduces the severity of "off" phase symptoms, improves the axial symptoms and reduces levodopa requirements. The reduction in the levodopa dose is useful in controlling drug-induced dyskinesias.
authors.affiliation: Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India. pareshkd@vsnl.com
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Chhaya
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bhatt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*