title: Invasive pneumococcal disease in Oxford, 1985-2001: a retrospective case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a series of children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of patient records for children aged 0-18 years admitted to the John Radcliffe Hospital with IPD from 1985 to 2001. Social deprivation was measured by the Jarman index. The proportion of children with congenital abnormalities was compared with national data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 140 children with IPD; complete data were available for 136 children. The median age at diagnosis was 1.5 years. The social deprivation score of households of children with IPD was higher than that of the average Oxfordshire household (-2.5 v -7.3, p < 0.001). Forty four per cent of cases had at least one preceding health problem. The children with preceding health problems were significantly older than those with no preceding problems (median age 2.67 years, interquartile range 1.21 to 6.20 versus 1.11 years, interquartile range 0.51 to 2.21; p < 0.001). There was an increased risk of IPD for children with central nervous system malformations (OR = 99, 95% CI 31 to 236), congenital heart disease (OR = 62, 95% CI 24 to 131), and chromosomal abnormalities (OR = 32, 95% CI 6.6 to 96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an increased risk of IPD associated with increased social deprivation; and also with central nervous system malformations, congenital heart disease, and chromosomal abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, New Zealand. cc.grant@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Harnden
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Peto
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D011203:Poverty; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors