title: Self-management education: history, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms.
abstract: Self-management has become a popular term for behavioral interventions as well as for healthful behaviors. This is especially true for the management of chronic conditions. This article offers a short history of self-management. It presents three self-management tasks--medical management, role management, and emotional management--and six self-management skills--problem solving, decision making, resource utilization, the formation of a patient-provider partnership, action planning, and self-tailoring. In addition, the article presents evidence of the effectiveness of self-management interventions and posits a possible mechanism, self-efficacy, through which these interventions work. In conclusion the article discusses problems and solutions for integrating self-management education into the mainstream health care systems.
authors.forename: Kate R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lorig
authors.forename: Halsted
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D001524:Behavioral Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000592:standards; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014481:United States