title: How abnormal calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone relate to cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease tends to develop prematurely in patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD). The physiological changes that specifically arise from this disease likely account for the resulting high incidence of cardiovascular mortality. Recent studies indicate that abnormal calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease in CKD. This new evidence suggests that an intensive approach to the prevention and treatment of these imbalances may contribute to improved survival of patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Righospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D002118:Calcium