title: Decolorization of synthetic dyes and production of manganese-dependent peroxidase by new fungal isolates.
abstract: Two yeasts, Debaryomyces polymorphus, Candida tropicalis, and two filamentous fungi, Umbelopsis isabellina, Penicillium geastrivorus, could completely decolorize 100 mg Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) l-1 within 16-48 h. Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) activities between 60 and 424 U l-1 were detected in culture supernatants of three of these organisms indicating the color removal by enzymatic biodegradation but with P. geastrivorus there was no ligninolytic enzyme activity in its culture and the decolorization was mainly due to biosorption to mycelium. Extensive decolorization by D. polymorphus (69-94%) and C. tropicalis (30-97%) was obtained with five other azo dyes and one anthraquinone dye. Except for Reactive Brilliant Blue KNR and Reactive Yellow M-3R, the four azo dyes, Reactive Red M-3BE, Procion Scharlach H-E3G, Procion Marine H-EXL and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, induced D. polymorphus to produce MnP (105-587 U l-1). However, MnP activities of 198-329 U l-1 were only detected in the culture of C. tropicalis containing Reactive Red M-3BE and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, respectively.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Qingxiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pritsch
authors.forename: Ayfer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yediler
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagn
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schloter
authors.forename: Antonius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kettrup
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control; D009090:Mucorales / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010407:Penicillium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D015003:Yeasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D010544:Peroxidases; C051129:manganese peroxidase