title: The relations of effortful control and ego control to children's resiliency and social functioning.
abstract: The relations of effortful control and ego control to children's (mean age = 137 months) resiliency, social status, and social competence were examined concurrently (Time 3) and over time. Adults reported on the constructs, and a behavioral measure of persistence was obtained. At Time 3, resiliency mediated the unique relations of both effortful and reactive control to social status, and effortful control directly predicted socially appropriate behavior. Negative emotionality moderated the relations of ego and effortful control to socially appropriate behavior. When levels of the variables 2 years prior were accounted for, all relations held at Time 3 except that effortful control did not predict resiliency (even though it was the stronger predictor at Time 3) and ego control directly predicted socially appropriate behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA. nancy.eisenberg@asu.edu
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valiente
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fabes
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: Sandra H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Losoya
authors.forename: Ivanna K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: Bridget C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cumberland
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004532:Ego; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011779:Q-Sort; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D012951:Socialization; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D012963:Sociometric Techniques