title: Role of protein kinase C family in the cerebellum-dependent adaptive learning of horizontal optokinetic response eye movements in mice.
abstract: Among the subtypes of the Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C (PKC), which play a crucial role in long-term depression (LTD), both alpha and gamma are expressed in the cerebellar floccular Purkinje cells. To reveal the functional differences of PKC subtypes, we examined the adaptability of ocular reflexes of PKCgamma mutant mice, which show mild ataxia and normal LTD. In mutant mice, gains of the horizontal optokinetic eye response (HOKR) were reduced. Adaptation of the HOKR was not affected but its retinal slip dependency was altered in mutant mice. Sustained 1-h sinusoidal screen oscillation, which induced a relatively large amount of retinal slips in both mutant and wild-type mice, increased the HOKR gain in wild-type mice but not in mutant mice. In contrast, exposure to 1 h of sustained slower screen oscillations, which induced relatively small retinal slips in mutant and wild-type mice, increased the HOKR gain in both mutant and wild-type mice. Adaptation of the HOKR of the mutant mice to slow screen oscillation and those of wild-type mice to fast and slow screen oscillations were all abolished by local applications of a PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine) within the flocculi. Electrophysiological and anatomical studies showed no appreciable changes in the sources and magnitudes of climbing fibre inputs, which mediate retinal slip signals to the flocculus in the mutant mice. These results suggest that PKCgamma has a modulatory role in determining retinal slip dependency, and other PKC subtypes, e.g. PKCalpha, may play a crucial role in the adaptation of the HOKR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji 3311, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shutoh
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: Shigeyoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itohara
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonegawa
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002118:Calcium