title: Rb and N-ras function together to control differentiation in the mouse.
abstract: The product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (Rb) can control cell proliferation and promote differentiation. Murine embryos nullizygous for Rb die midgestation with defects in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and terminal differentiation of several tissues, including skeletal muscle, nervous system, and lens. Previous cell culture-based experiments have suggested that the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and Ras operate in a common pathway to control cellular differentiation. Here we have tested the hypothesis that the proto-oncogene N-ras participates in Rb-dependent regulation of differentiation by generating and characterizing murine embryos deficient in both N-ras and Rb. We show that deletion of N-ras rescues a unique subset of the developmental defects associated with nullizygosity of Rb, resulting in a significant extension of life span. Rb(-/-); N-ras(-/-) skeletal muscle has normal fiber density, myotube length and thickness, in contrast to Rb-deficient embryos. Additionally, Rb(-/-); N-ras(-/-) muscle shows a restoration in the expression of the late muscle-specific gene MCK, and this correlates with a significant potentiation of MyoD transcriptional activity in Rb(-/-); N-ras(-/-), compared to Rb(-/-) myoblasts in culture. The improved differentiation of skeletal muscle in Rb(-/-); N-ras(-/-) embryos occurs despite evidence of deregulated proliferation and apoptosis, as seen in Rb-deficient animals. Our findings suggest that the control of differentiation and proliferation by Rb are genetically separable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Roderick T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bronson
authors.forename: Merav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Socolovsky
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Kwang Youl
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacks
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kucherlapati
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ewen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D016196:S Phase; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017570:MyoD Protein; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D012313:RNA; D018631:ras Proteins