title: Critical residues of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-2 voltage-gated calcium channel that affect behavioral and physiological properties.
abstract: The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-2 gene encodes a voltage-gated calcium channel alpha1 subunit structurally related to mammalian dihydropyridine-insensitive high-threshold channels. In the present paper we describe the characterization of seven alleles of unc-2. Using an unc-2 promoter-tagged green fluorescent protein construct, we show that unc-2 is primarily expressed in motor neurons, several subsets of sensory neurons, and the HSN and VC neurons that control egg laying. Examination of behavioral phenotypes, including defecation, thrashing, and sensitivities to aldicarb and nicotine suggests that UNC-2 acts presynaptically to mediate both cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Sequence analysis of the unc-2 alleles shows that e55, ra605, ra606, ra609, and ra610 all are predicted to prematurely terminate and greatly reduce or eliminate unc-2 function. In contrast, the ra612 and ra614 alleles are missense mutations resulting in the substitution of highly conserved residues in the C terminus and the domain IVS4-IVS5 linker, respectively. Heterologous expression of a rat brain P/Q-type channel containing the ra612 mutation shows that the glycine to arginine substitution affects a variety of channel characteristics, including the voltage dependence of activation, steady-state inactivation, as well as channel kinetics. Overall, our findings suggest that UNC-2 plays a pivotal role in mediating a number of physiological processes in the nematode and also defines a number of critical residues important for calcium channel function in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Laboratory and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
authors.forename: Eleanor A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Celia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: Terrance P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Snutch
mesh_terms: D000448:Aldicarb / Q000494:pharmacology; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005820:Genetic Testing; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000448:Aldicarb; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009538:Nicotine; C093204:unc-2 protein, C elegans