title: Pre-exposure effects of 1 and 3 MHz therapeutic ultrasound on ConA activated spleenocytes.
abstract: This study was performed to evaluate the pre-exposure effects of ultrasound (1 MHz or 3 MHz) on ConA activated spleenocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Cells were treated for 10 min at various intensities, rested for 1h and stimulated with the T cell activator ConA. The cells were then analyzed for the effects of non-thermal ultrasound on cell growth and the presence of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-g. The data show that pre-exposure of spleenocytes had no significant effects on the proliferation of ConA activated spleenocytes at either 1 or 3 MHz (10 min at 0.1 or 0.5 W/cm(2)). Significant increases in IL-2 were observed in both 1 and 3 MHz pre-treated and ConA activated spleenocytes. Cells pre-treated with 1 MHz and stimulated with ConA showed a significant increase in IL-4 and IFN-g. Conversely, cells pre-treated with 3 MHz and stimulated with ConA show a significant decrease in IL-4 and IFN-g. Interleuken-4 is known to increase the growth of mast cells, inhibit macrophage activation and increases the activity of the T cell subpopulation, T(H2). Interferon-gamma is known to stimulate production of collagen in fibroblasts, enhance debridement activity of macrophage and inhibit activity of the T cell subpopulation, T(H2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT 06484, USA, lenn.johns@quinnipiac.edu
authors.forename: Lennart D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Patty
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colloton
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuenfeldt
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krupo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002455:Cell Division; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D013696:Temperature; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007376:Interleukin-2; D003208:Concanavalin A; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma