title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sequential intravenous and subcutaneous teicoplanin in critically ill patients without vasopressors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of sequential intravenous and subcutaneous teicoplanin in the plasma of surgical intensive care unit patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, crossover study in the surgical ICU of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with a suspected nosocomial infection, a serum albumin level higher than 10 g/l, body mass index less than 28 kg/m(2), and estimated creatinine clearance higher than 70 ml/min.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teicoplanin was first administered intravenously as a loading dose of 6 mg/kg per 12 h for 48 h and then continued at a daily dose of 6 mg/kg. On the fourth day patients were randomized in two groups according to the order of the pharmacokinetic studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial plasma samples were obtained to measure teicoplanin levels. Compared with a 30-min intravenous infusion the peak concentration of teicoplanin after a 30-min subcutaneous administration occurred later (median 7 h, range 5-18) and was lower (16 micro g/ml, 9-31; vs. 73, 53-106). Despite large and unpredictable interindividual differences no significant differences between subcutaneous and intravenous administration were observed in: trough antibiotic concentrations (10 micro g/ml, 6-24; vs. 9, 5-30), the area under the teicoplanin plasma concentration vs. time curves from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24h); 309 micro g/ml per minute, 180-640; vs. 369, 171-955), the proportion of the dosing interval during which the plasma teicoplanin concentration exceeded 10 micro g/ml (96%, 0-100%; vs. 79%, 13-100%), and the ratio of AUC(0-24h) to 10 (77, 45-160; vs. 92, 43-239).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In critically ill patients without vasopressors a switch to the subcutaneous teicoplanin after an initial intravenous therapy seems to give comparable pharmacodynamic indexes of therapeutic success.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Cité de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbot
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venisse
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rayeh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouquet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Debaene
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mimoz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016638:Critical Illness; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral / Q000379:methods; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D017334:Teicoplanin