title: Is the quality of care in general medical practice improving? Results of a longitudinal observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The demand for increased accountability within health care has led to a myriad of government initiatives in the United Kingdom, with the aim of improving care, setting minimum standards, and addressing poor performance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the quality of care in English general practice in the year 2001 compared with 1998, in terms of access, interpersonal care, and clinical care (chronic disease management, elderly care, and mental health care).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study in a purposive sample of general practices in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three general practices in England--eight in North Thames, seven in the North West, and eight in the South West.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome measures were: quality of chronic disease management (angina, adult asthma and type 2 diabetes from practice questionnaires and medical record review), elderly care and mental health care (from practice questionnaires), access to care, continuity of care and interpersonal care (from practice and patient questionnaires) and costs (mean change in practice budget between 1998 and 2001). There were significant improvements in quality of care in terms of organisational access to services (P = 0.016), practice organisation of chronic disease management (P = 0.039), and the quality of angina care (P = 0.003). There were no significant changes in quality scores for mental health care, elderly care, access and interpersonal care. The mean practice budget rose by 3.4% between 1998 and 2001 (adjusted for inflation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide evidence of improvements in some aspects of the quality of care, achieved at modest cost. This was achieved during a time when the National Health Service was undergoing a series of reforms. However, primary care in England is characterised by variation in care, with significant improvements still possible.
authors.affiliation: National Primary Care Research and Development Centre, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL. stephen.campbell@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raven
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000639:trends; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends