title: A survey of equine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death in the UK from 1988 to 1997.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A detailed review of laboratory records for equine abortion is fundamental in establishing current disease trends and suggesting problems important for further research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the causes of abortion and neonatal death in equine diagnostic submissions to the Animal Health Trust over a 10 year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnoses in 1252 equine fetuses and neonatal foals were reviewed and analysed into categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Problems associated with the umbilical cord, comprising umbilical cord torsion and the long cord/cervical pole ischaemia disorder, were the most common diagnoses (38.8%: 35.7% umbilical cord torsion and 3.1% long cord/cervical pole ischaemia disorder). Other noninfective causes of abortion or neonatal death included twinning (6.0%), intrapartum stillbirth (13.7%) and placentitis, associated with infection (9.8%). E. coli and Streptococcus zooepidemicus were the most common bacteria isolated. Neonatal infections not associated with placentitis accounted for 3.2% of incidents; and infections with EHV-1 or EHV-4 for 6.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitive diagnosis of equine abortion is possible in the majority of cases where the whole fetus and placenta are submitted for examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the high incidence of umbilical cord torsion and related problems as causes of abortion in UK broodmares, more research on factors determining umbilical cord length and risk of torsion is essential.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Blunden
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Whitwell
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wales
mesh_terms: D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006736:Horses; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000473:pathology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology