title: Survival and prognostic factors after initiation of treatment in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is an unusual lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma characterized by the presence of a serum monoclonal immunoglobulin M. Although several studies have evaluated possible prognostic factors of this disease, few have focused on the survival and prognosis of symptomatic patients after the initiation of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study included 122 previously untreated patients with a median age of 67 years who required systemic treatment. Multiple variables were analyzed for their prognostic value on survival after initiation of treatment using univariate and Cox regression multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median overall survival was 106 months. Pretreatment factors associated with shorter survival were age >/=65 years, splenomegaly, B-symptoms (weight loss, fever or night sweats), hemoglobin <10 g/dl, platelets <100 x 10(6)/dl, albumin <3.5 g/dl and bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate >/=50%. In the multivariate analysis, the two variables with independent prognostic value were age >/=65 years and hemoglobin <10 g/dl. Furthermore, we were able to divide our patients into three risk groups based on the presence of two, one or none of these two adverse prognostic factors. The median survival times in the high-, intermediate- and low-risk groups were 46 months, 107 months and 172 months, respectively (P <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that advanced age and anemia appear to be the two dominant prognostic factors for survival after initiation of treatment in patients with WM. These two readily available parameters can stratify the patients into three distinct subgroups and may help the selection of appropriate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. mdimop@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zervas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Symeonidis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kouvatseas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roussou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gika
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karmiris
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bourantas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zomas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitsouli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Xilouri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vervessou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Economopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008258:Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008558:Melphalan; D011241:Prednisone