title: Agenesis of the internal carotid artery and congenital pituitary hypoplasia: proposal of a cause of congenital hypopituitarism.
abstract: We describe a patient with microphallus without pigmentation and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. The left internal carotid artery and carotid canal were absent and the pituitary gland and sella turcica showed hypoplasia on MRI and magnetic resonance angiography. The internal carotid artery develops in the 4th embryonic week, while the pituitary primordium develops in the 3rd to 4th week. This suggests a possible relationship between internal carotid artery and congenital hypopituitarism. However, there is bilateral blood supply to the hypophysis via the superior and inferior hypophysial arteries, so it is unknown why pituitary hypoplasia may arise from blocking the unilateral blood supply.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disruption of internal carotid artery perfusion may lead to pituitary hypoplasia with congenital hypopituitarism as a new disease entity in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Paediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Nihon University Nerima-Hikarigaoka Hospital, Hikarigaoka 2-11-1 Nerima-Ku, 179-0072 Tokyo, Japan. y-inamo@pb3.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inamo
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D011859:Radiography; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011388:Prolactin; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013974:Thyroxine