title: Effective therapy of metastatic ovarian cancer with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus incorporating two membrane fusion mechanisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Replication-competent herpes simplex virus [HSV (oncolytic HSV)] holds considerable promise for treating malignant solid tumors, although the potency of the virus needs improvement if its full clinical potential is to be realized. Incorporation of membrane fusion capability into an oncolytic HSV, either by screening for a syncytial HSV mutant after random mutagenesis or by inserting a hyperfusogenic glycoprotein from gibbon ape leukemia virus into the viral genome, can significantly enhance the antitumor effects of the virus (X. Fu and X. Zhang, Cancer Res., 62: 2306-2312, 2002; X. Fu et al., Mol. Ther., in press, 2003). We reasoned that both fusogenic strategies, incorporated into a single oncolytic HSV, might significantly improve virotherapy for ovarian cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro characterization of a doubly fusogenic oncolytic HSV (Synco-2D) showed that this virus produces a distinctive syncytial phenotype, leading to a significantly increased tumor cell killing ability, compared with that of a nonfusogenic virus. When injected directly into the abdominal cavity of mice bearing human ovarian cancer xenografts, Synco-2D eradicated all tumor masses in 75% of the animals, whereas no animals in the conventional oncolytic HSV-treated group were tumor free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This newly generated fusogenic oncolytic HSV is a promising candidate for clinical testing against advanced ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Mikihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Aiwu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bast
authors.forename: Xiaoliu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009154:Mutation; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010641:Phenotype; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins