title: Developing drugs for the developing world: an economic, legal, moral, and political dilemma.
abstract: This paper discusses the economic, legal, moral, and political difficulties in developing drugs for the developing world. It argues that large, global pharmaceutical companies have social responsibilities to the developing world, and that they may exercise these responsibilities by investing in research and development related to diseases that affect developing nations, offering discounts on drug prices, and initiating drug giveaways. However, these social responsibilities are not absolute requirements and may be balanced against other obligations and commitments in light of economic, social, legal, political, and other conditions. How a company decides to exercise its social responsibilities to the developing world depends on (1) the prospects for a reasonable profit and (2) the prospects for a productive business environment. Developing nations can either help or hinder the pharmaceutical industry's efforts to exercise social responsibility through various policies and practices. To insure that companies can make a reasonable profit, developing nations should honor pharmaceutical product patents and adhere to international intellectual property treaties, such as the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. To insure the companies have a good business environment, developing nations should try to promote the rule of law, ethical business practices, stable currencies, reliable banking systems, free and open markets, democracy, and other conditions conducive to business. Overall, this paper advocates for reciprocity and cooperation between pharmaceutical companies and developing nations to address the problem of developing drugs for the developing world. In pursuing this cooperative approach, developing nations may use a variety of other techniques to encourage pharmaceutical companies to act responsibly, such as subsidizing pharmaceutical research, helping to design and implement research protocols, providing a guaranteed market, and bulk buying.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Humanities, 25-17 Brody Building, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, N.C. 27858-4354, USA. resnikd@mail.ecu.edu
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Resnik
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D003906:Developing Countries; D016527:Drug Costs; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics*; D040861:Ethics, Business; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D010067:Ownership / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010330:Patents as Topic / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011056:Political Systems; D012935:Social Justice; D012941:Social Responsibility
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations