title: Prevalence of diabetes and/or ischaemic heart disease in classes of increasing carotid artery atherosclerosis: an ultrasonographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of non-diabetic subjects and diabetic patients, with or without ischaemic heart disease (IHD), in different classes of increasing carotid atherosclerotic damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound, we studied 598 subjects without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes, 74 diabetic patients without CVD, 74 non-diabetic subjects with IHD and 36 patients with both diabetes and IHD. Carotid atherosclerosis was classified as: normal; thickened intima-media; non-stenotic plaque; stenotic plaque.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subjects without diabetes or CVD, the frequency of patients with diabetes without known CVD increased significantly from 'normal' to 'stenotic plaque' (4.1%, 6.4%, 13%, 14.8% for normal, thickened intima-media, non-stenotic plaque and stenotic plaque, respectively; P = 0.0057). The same figures were 6%, 7.6%, 10.2%, 23.3% (P = 0.0007) for non-diabetic subjects with IHD, and 0%, 2%, 5.6%, 15.9% (P < 0.0001) for diabetic patients with IHD. No difference was found comparing subjects with diabetes without CVD with non-diabetic patients with IHD (P = 0.56). Using polychotomous logistic regression analysis, diabetic patients without CVD and non-diabetic subjects with IHD showed a similar association with the increasing degree of carotid atherosclerosis (P = 0.59), but significantly stronger compared with subjects without diabetes or CVD (P < 0.03 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic patients without known CVD show an advanced degree of carotid atherosclerotic damage similar to non-diabetic subjects with IHD and significantly higher compared with non-diabetic subjects without CVD. Our data support the need for an aggressive early prevention of CVD in diabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: First Division of Internal Medicine, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy. sinchio@tin.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inchiostro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalfollo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Citroni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peccatori
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fait
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Venuto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography