title: [Cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of middle-aged women].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is generally accepted that menopause significantly modifies cardiovascular risk. The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on this risk remain controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) in middle-aged women and their changes with aging, menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 576 women aged 40 to 59 years in 1991-92. Five years later, 467 of these women were reassessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sedentarism (87.2%), dyslipidemias (71.5%), high blood pressure (13.5%), obesity (13.1%), smoking (12.4%) and diabetes (2.8%) were the most prevalent RF. Five years later, the prevalence of hypertension increased to 20.9%, the prevalence of obesity increased to 27.3%, smoking increased to 20.8% and diabetes to 5.9%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia did not change, although triglycerides levels rose from 125.9 +/- 56.4 to 136.8 +/- 63.5 mg/dl (p < 0.001). Sedentarism dropped to 58.8%. Menopause did not deteriorate any of these RF. The use of HRT increased during the 5 years follow-up from 3.8% to 35%. Women on HRT experienced 3% decrease in LDL-cholesterol and 9% increase in HDL-cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Middle aged women included in this cohort have a high prevalence of RF. There is a deterioration with age, but not with menopause. HRT improves the lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Sur, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau, Fundación PROSAM. jeblumel@mi.cl
authors.forename: Juan Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blümel
authors.forename: Camil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castelo-Branco
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Roncagliolo
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Binfa
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarrá
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause