title: Effects of mannose on Acanthamoeba castellanii proliferation and cytolytic ability to corneal epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acanthamoeba trophozoites express a mannose binding receptor that facilitates adhesion of trophozoites to mannosylated proteins on corneal epithelial cells. This study was undertaken to determine the role that mannose stimulation has in the amoeba's growth, secreted products, and ability to desquamate the corneal epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites were grown in peptone-yeast extract glucose (PYG) and PYG with 100 mM methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside or galactose. The proliferation of trophozoites and cysts was examined by optical density and direct counts. The molecular weight of the mannose-stimulated protein was examined by SDS/PAGE. The cytolytic protein was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) size exclusion and ionic exchange and then tested for cytopathic effect (CPE) and collagenolytic activity in vitro. Collagenolytic activity was examined by zymography. Proteases and protease inhibitors were used to characterize the nature of the cytolytic protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside inhibited the growth of A. castellanii by 50% (P < 0.05) and concomitantly induced a threefold increase in the formation of cysts. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a mannose-induced protein of approximately 133 kDa (MIP-133). The MIP-133 protein was found to be highly cytolytic against corneal epithelial cells, but not human intestinal epithelial cells and also degraded collagen in vitro. Serine protease inhibitors abrogated both CPE and collagenolytic activity of the MIP-133 protein (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that binding of trophozoites to mannosylated proteins on the corneal surface induces A. castellanii to secrete a approximately 133-kDa serine protease that kills both human and hamster corneal epithelium and degrades collagen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurt
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niederkorn
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D005690:Galactose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D008362:Mannosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008766:Methylmannosides; D008970:Molecular Weight; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D008362:Mannosides; D008766:Methylmannosides; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C008466:methylmannoside; D003094:Collagen; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D005690:Galactose