title: The standardized-taper root canal preparation--part 6. GT file technique in abruptly curved canals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the application of GT files in roots with abrupt curvatures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most dentists interpret obstructions to instrument progress as calcification, rather than abrupt curvature. Basically, there are not any apically calcified canals, only clinicians who are not clever enough or patient enough to sneak to patency. Dentists should be on their guard and sensitive to the 'rubber band' sensation of residual pulp tissue, and the 'loose resistance' sensation of the curved or ledged canal. Residual pulp tissue should be removed and the canal lubricated. The ledged or curved canal will only be helped by file bending. The size 10 file test is the key to identify canals requiring pre-bent instruments. The canal should first be flared short of the obstruction, before shaping the canal after it with regular, pre-bent K-files. Pre-bent GT hand-files can then be used with care to blend the apical and more coronal regions for final shape. Cone-fit may then require chilling and pre-bending GP cones (pre-bend more than one), before packing the canal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Root canals do not calcify apically. File progress is prevented by pulp tissue, abrupt curvatures or ledging. Loose resistance to the passage of a size 10 file shows the canals that require instrument pre-bending. This test should be repeated at intervals during the preparation. Even NiTi GT files can be pre-bent for use in abrupt curves. Gutta percha cones can be pre-bent after chilling.
authors.affiliation: Dental Education Laboratories, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. info@endobuchanan.com
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008153:Lubrication; D011670:Pulpectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha