title: The hypothalamus in episodic brain disorders.
abstract: Episodic brain disorders (EBD) form an intriguing group of neurological diseases in which at least some of the symptoms occur in attacks. The hypothalamus integrates many brain functions, including endocrine and autonomic control, and governs various body rhythms. It seems a likely site in which the initiation of attacks of EBD can be modulated. Indeed, the hypothalamus has a crucial role in EBD such as narcolepsy and cluster headache. The same may be true for migraine and depression. Here we summarise the evidence supporting an important role for the hypothalamus in the initiation of disease episodes in various EBD. Study of the various pathophysiological concepts of EBD within the context of the hypothalamus may prove a fruitful example of cross-fertilisation between various research areas.
authors.affiliation: Narcolepsy Research Group, Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sebastiaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Overeem
authors.forename: Jorine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Gert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: Frans G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Zitman
authors.forename: Dick F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Swaab
authors.forename: Michel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000503:physiopathology