Legal considerations for cryopreservation of sperm and embryos.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the case law for cryopreservation of sperm and embryos and make recommendations for desirable characteristics that should be included in a cryopreservation clinic's disposition agreements.


METHODS
A literature review of case law and legal review articles was performed.


METHODS
Academic research center.


METHODS
None.


METHODS
None.


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Two court cases involving cryopreserved semen and five cases involving cryopreserved embryos are reviewed.


CONCLUSIONS
The state of the law surrounding cryopreservation is recent and unsettled. Disposition agreements can provide cryopreservation clinics some degree of certainty in this unsettled area of law. Those drafting cryopreservation disposition agreements are assisted by lessons learned from cryopreservation cases and insight gained from law review articles. It is evident that cryopreservation agreements will be most successful and most likely to be enforced if they are unambiguous, consistent with public policy, and include: a duration provision, each individual's contact information, the individual's provisions for use of their gametes in case of death, and responsibilities of cryopreservation clinic and individuals. Individuals must enter into agreements with a true understanding of the contained provisions.
Schuster
Timothy G
TG
Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Hickner-Cruz
Kathryn
K
Ohl
Dana A
DA
Goldman
Edward
E
Smith
Gary D
GD
D032982:Contracts / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D015925:Cryopreservation; D019924:Embryo Disposition / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013074:Sperm Banks / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014481:United States