title: Identification of T-cell epitopes in clotting factor IX and lack of tolerance in inbred mice.
abstract: Immune responses to the factor IX protein pose problems for hemophilia B patients who develop antibodies against factor IX and for potential future treatment with gene therapy. To better define the response to human factor IX, we analyzed T-cell responses to human factor IX in factor IX knockout mice on BALB/c and C57BL/6 (B6) backgrounds, both strains having CD4+ T cells that proliferate in response to human factor IX. Surprisingly, wild-type mice have similar factor IX-recognizing CD4+ T cells. We defined a dominant CD4+ epitope for each strain (CVETGVKITVVAGEH for BALB/c and LLELDEPLVLNSYVTPIC for B6) that was recognized by both factor IX knockout and wild-type mice. While human factor IX did not cross-react with the mouse homologs of these epitopes, immunization with peptides from murine factor IX stimulated proliferation in factor IX knockout mice and wild-type mice, demonstrating a failure to delete murine factor IX-specific T cells in normal mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midkiff
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: H-F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frelinger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003429:Cross Reactions; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005164:Factor IX / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005164:Factor IX