title: Increased Interleukin-6 levels in pituitary-deficient patients are independently related to their carotid intima-media thickness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been observed in patients with pituitary deficiency and untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD). We investigated peripheral inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers and their associations with arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) in GHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with GHD, but without cardiovascular disease, were compared to healthy controls matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and smoking habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  IMT of the common carotid artery, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA-ag) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median IL-6 concentrations were increased by 208% and 248% in GHD patients compared to BMI-matched and nonobese controls, respectively. Median CRP and tPA-ag levels were increased by 237% and 167% in patients compared to nonobese controls, but not significantly different compared to BMI-matched controls. Plasma levels of fibrinogen and PAI-1 activity did not differ between groups. Age, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, tPA-ag and IL-6 were positively correlated, and IGF-I was negatively correlated to IMT in the patient group, but only age and IL-6 were independently related to IMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 concentrations were increased in GHD patients compared to controls and independently related to IMT in patients. This finding may help to explain the variance in IMT and the increased vascular morbidity and mortality in hypopituitary patients with GHD.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. maria.leonsson@medic.gu.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulthe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johannsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wikstrand
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oscarsson
mesh_terms: D001324:Autoantigens / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000276:immunology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013006:Growth Hormone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator