title: Antibacterial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from Italy and Spain: data from the PROTEKT surveillance study, 1999-2000.
abstract: Antibacterial resistance was evaluated among Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=252) and Haemophilus influenzae (n=202) from two centres in Spain (Barcelona and Madrid) and two centres in Italy (Genoa and Catania) collected during 1999-2000 as part of the ongoing PROTEKT (Prospective Resistant Organism Tracking and Epidemiology for the Ketolide Telithromycin) international surveillance program. Pneumococcal nonsusceptibility to penicillin G was found to be considerably higher in Spain (53.4%) than in Italy (15.1%), whereas erythromycin A resistance was higher in Italy (42.9%) than in Spain (28.6%). Among macrolide-resistant isolates investigated for resistance genes, the prevalence of mefA was higher among isolates from Italy (20/51, 39.2%) than among Spanish isolates (2/38, 5.3%). All other macrolide-resistant isolates possessed ermB. Telithromycin possessed good anti-pneumococcal activity against isolates from both countries (MIC90 0.03 mg/L [Spain]; 0.25 mg/L [Italy]), irrespective of resistance to other antibacterials. Beta-lactamase production among H. influenzae was low: Spain, 10.9%; Italy, 1.8%. With the exception of ampicillin and co-trimoxazole, all H. influenzae isolates were highly susceptible to the antibacterials tested, and all were inhibited by telithromycin at a concentration of < or = 2 mg/L. The findings of PROTEKT 1999-2000 highlight the importance of local resistance patterns in guiding the choice of empirical antibacterials for community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Microbiologia, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schito
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Schito
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Debbia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liñares
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cercenado
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013030:Spain; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents