title: Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric dominance, and family bonding behavior.
abstract: The isoprenoid pathway produces endogenous digoxin, a substance that can regulate neurotransmitter and amino acid transport. Digoxin synthesis and neurotransmitter patterns were assessed in individuals with differing family bonding patterns. The family bonding patterns were assessed by the FACES scale--family adaptability and cohesiveness evaluation scale. The criteria given in the handbook for the 16 PF--16 personality factors questionnaire by Cattell, Eber, and Tatsouke--was also chosen for assessing the individual personality aspect of family bonding after suitable modification. The patterns were compared in those with right hemispheric and left hemispheric dominance. Digoxin synthesis was increased with upregulated tryptophan catabolism (increased levels of serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine) and downregulated tyrosine catabolism (decreased levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and morphine) in those with reduced family bonding and right hemispheric dominance. Digoxin synthesis was reduced with downregulated tryptophan catabolism (decreased levels of serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine) and upregulated tyrosine catabolism (increased levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and morphine) in those with increased family bonding and left hemispheric chemical dominance. Hypothalamic digoxin plays a central role in the regulation of family bonding behavior. Hemispheric chemical dominance in relation to digoxin status is also crucial in this respect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kurup
authors.forename: Parameswara Achutha
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kurup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D004077:Digoxin / Q000097:blood*; D004286:Dolichols / Q000097:blood; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000097:blood; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004286:Dolichols; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; D012503:Saponins; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014443:Tyrosine; D004077:Digoxin; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D008274:Magnesium