title: Repair of UV lesions in silenced chromatin provides in vivo evidence for a compact chromatin structure.
abstract: Genes positioned close to telomeres in yeast are silenced by a heterochromatin-like structure containing Sir proteins. To investigate whether silencing also affects DNA repair, we studied removal of UV lesions by photolyase and nucleotide excision repair (NER) in strains containing the URA3 gene inserted 2 kilobases from a telomere. URA3 was transcriptionally active in sir3delta mutants, partially silenced in SIR3 cells, or completely silenced by overexpression of SIR3 or deletion of RPD3. The active URA3 showed efficient repair by both pathways. Fast repair of the promoter and 3' end by photolyase reflected a non-nucleosomal structure. Partial silencing had no remarkable effect on photolyase but reduced repair by NER, indicating differential accessibility for the two repair reactions. Complete silencing inhibits NER and photolyase in the coding region as well as in the promoter and the 3'-end. Conventional nuclease footprinting analyses revealed subtle changes in the promoter proximal nucleosome under partially silenced conditions but a pronounced reorganization of chromatin extending over the whole gene in silenced chromatin. Thus, both repair systems are sensitive to chromatin changes associated with silencing and provide direct evidence for a compact structure of heterochromatin.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie, ETH, Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Livingstone-Zatchej
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcionelli
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Remko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Pril
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thoma
mesh_terms: D004260:DNA Repair; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D016385:TATA Box; D016615:Telomere; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones