title: Multicenter phase II trial evaluating a three-weekly schedule of irinotecan plus raltitrexed in patients with 5-fluorouracil-refractory advanced colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irinotecan (CPT-11) and raltitrexed are active against advanced colorectal cancer (ACC), act through different mechanisms, and have only partially overlapping toxicity profiles. Phase I studies have shown that single-agent full doses of both drugs can be safely combined. The aim of this multicenter study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the combination in patients with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-refractory ACC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1999 and December 2000, 52 patients (31 males, 21 females) with a median age of 62 years (range 39-75) were included and received CPT-11 (350 mg/m(2) as a 60-min infusion) plus raltitrexed (3 mg/m(2) as a 15-min infusion, 1 h after CPT-11), with courses repeated every 21 days. Objective response was assessed after every three courses, and treatment maintained until tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 313 cycles were administered, with a median of six cycles per patient (range 1-14). Seven patients (13.5%) achieved a partial response and one a complete response (1.9%), for an overall intention-to-treat response rate of 15.4% (95% confidence interval 6.1% to 27.2%). The incidence of grade 3/4 toxicity was 23.1% for diarrhea, 21.2% for asthenia, 17.3% for neutropenia, 13.4% for emesis and 7.7% for infection. There were no treatment-related deaths. With a median follow-up of 20 months, median survival was 11.9 months and median time to progression was 4.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPT-11 plus raltitrexed is active in patients with 5-FU-refractory ACC, at the expense of moderate toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain. aparicio_josurt@gva.es.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vicent
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maestu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garcerá
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Busquier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Martos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011799:Quinazolines; D013876:Thiophenes; D000077146:Irinotecan; C068874:raltitrexed; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002166:Camptothecin