title: Long-term antibiotics in the management of non-CF bronchiectasis--do they improve outcome?
abstract: In addition to bacteria and inflammatory cells, the sputum of patients with bronchiectasis contains mediators that damage the airway epithelium and promote inflammatory change. The deleterious effects of these mediators, such as neutrophil elastase, reduce host defences and consequently perpetuate the propensity to recurrent infection. This 'vicious cycle' of infection and inflammation in bronchiectasis suggests that long-term antibiotic therapy might be beneficial in these patients by reducing microbial load and, in doing so, inhibit inflammation in the lung allowing tissue repair to occur. Short courses of antibiotics achieve clinical improvements and also have been shown to reduce the levels of harmful mediators in the sputum. This article will cite the studies reported for long-term antibiotic treatment in bronchiectasis and overall there seems to be benefits for patients with chronic sputum purulence. The evidence that supports the postulated pathological mechanisms will also be discussed. Important issues in clinical practice such as the usefulness of antibiotic sensitivities, the evolution of resistance patterns, and drug delivery will also be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Hemel Hempstead Hospital, Hillfield Road, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4AD, UK. david.evans@whht.nhs.uk
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenstone
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents