title: The prognostic impact of clinical and CT parameters in patients with pontine hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with pontine hemorrhage (PH), an accurate prognostic assessment is critical for establishing a reasonable therapeutic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial clinical symptoms and computed tomography (CT) features were analyzed with multivariate regression analysis in 39 consecutive patients with PH. PHs were classified into three types: (1) large paramedian, (2) basal or basotegmental and (3) lateral tegmental, and the hematomas' diameters were measured. The patients' outcome was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients (69%) died and 12 (31%) survived for more than 1 year after PH. The symptom most predictive of death was coma on admission. The large paramedian type of PH predicted a poor prognosis, whereas the lateral tegmental type was associated with a favorable outcome. The transverse hematoma diameter was also related to outcome, with the threshold value found to be 20 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that PH outcome can be estimated best by combining the CT parameters 'large paramedian PH' and 'transverse diameter >/=20 mm' with the clinical variable 'coma on admission'. Survival is unlikely if all 3 features are present, whereas survival may be expected if only 1 or none of these features is found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. dziewas@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dziewas
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lüdemann
authors.forename: Darius G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Nabavi
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dräger
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ringelstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011149:Pons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed