title: The cationic porphyrin TMPyP4 destabilizes the tetraplex form of the fragile X syndrome expanded sequence d(CGG)n.
abstract: Fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of inherited mental retardation, is instigated by dynamic expansion of a d(CGG) trinucleotide repeat in the 5'-untranslated region of the first exon of the FMR1 gene, resulting in its silencing. The expanded d(CGG)(n) tract readily folds into hairpin and tetraplex structures which may contribute to the blocking of FMR1 transcription. In this work, we report that the cationic porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphin (TMPyP4) effectively destabilizes in vitro the G'2 bimolecular tetraplex structure of d(CGG)(n) while it stabilizes the G'2 tetraplex form of the telomeric sequence d(TTAGGG)(2). Similarly to TMPyP4, the hnRNP-related protein CBF-A also destabilizes G'2 tetrahelical d(CGG)(n) while binding and stabilizing tetraplex telomeric DNA. We report that relative to each agent individually, successive incubation of G'2 d(CGG)(n) with TMPyP4 followed by exposure to CBF-A results in a nearly additive extent of disruption of this tetraplex form of the repeat sequence. Our observations open up the prospect of unfolding secondary structures of the expanded FMR1 d(CGG)(n) tract of fragile X cells by their exposure to low molecular size drugs or to proteins such as TMPyP4 or CBF-A.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biochemistry, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: Pnina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weisman-Shomer
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Inbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hershco
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khateb
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wolfovitz-Barchad
authors.forename: Laurence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D007700:Kinetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011166:Porphyrins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C021096:tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine