Protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are synchronized mechanisms ensuring that only properly folded proteins are integrated in the plasma membrane or secreted from the cell. These mechanisms act in close collaboration with the molecular machinery involved in retrograde-translocation and degradation of non-native proteins and with the ER-stress activated signalling systems. The common goal of these mechanisms is to prevent expression and secretion of misfolded proteins. Protein misfolding can be detrimental to the cell and contributes to the disease mechanism in several inherited disorders, e.g. cystic fibrosis, familial hypercholesterolemia and diabetes insipidus. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms in protein quality control occurring in the ER, signalling caused by ER stress, and finally ER associated protein degradation.
Jørgensen
Malene Munk
MM
Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital-Skejby, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. mmj@mmf.au.dk
Bross
Peter
P
Gregersen
Niels
N
D000818:Animals; D037281:Calnexin / Q000378:metabolism; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D017510:Protein Folding; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D037282:Calreticulin; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D011506:Proteins; D037281:Calnexin