title: Comparison of retinoblastoma reduction for chemotherapy vs external beam radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the time course and extent of tumor reduction associated with systemic chemotherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of children with Reese-Ellsworth stages IV and V retinoblastoma undergoing primary globe-conserving therapy with either systemic chemoreduction or EBRT. Study variables were recorded at baseline, at monthly intervals for the first 6 months, and at 12 months after the initiation of treatment. Tumor volumes were calculated using basal area and height values determined by ultrasonography, physical examination, and fundus photographic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures included tumor volume, tumor reduction, regression pattern, treatment-related complications, metastases, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients were evaluated for tumor response; 18 patients were treated with systemic chemotherapy and 8 patients were treated with EBRT. Median follow-up was 36 months. A mean 68% reduction in tumor volume occurred after 1 cycle of chemotherapy compared with a 12% reduction at a similar time point (1 month) after initiation of EBRT (P<.004). There was no statistically significant difference in tumor volume reduction between treatment modalities at the 12-month follow-up visit. Both systemic chemoreduction and EBRT achieved 100% globe conservation and 100% patient survival in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinoblastoma reduction exhibits a differential time course based on the applied primary treatment. Systemic chemotherapy is associated with earlier tumor reduction than EBRT.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33101, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escalona-Benz
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: Brandy C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feuer
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cicciarelli
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markoe
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005047:Etoposide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin