title: Time course for changes in aerobic capacity and body composition in overweight men and women in response to long-term exercise: the Midwest Exercise Trial (MET).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the time course for changes in aerobic capacity, body weight (BW), and composition in overweight adults in response to a supervised exercise trial with a targeted energy expenditure of 2000 kcal week(-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Midwest Exercise Trial (MET) was a randomized, controlled, 16-month verified, supervised exercise trial. Aerobic exercise progressed to 45 min day(-1), 5 days week(-1) over 6-months and was then maintained for 10 months. Controls maintained their normal physical activity and all participants maintained ad libitum diets.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 131 participants were randomized to exercise or control groups and 74 completed the intervention and all laboratory testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline and months 4, 9, 12, and 16, aerobic capacity (VO(2max) ) was measured by indirect calorimetry, BW by digital scale, and fat weight and fat-free weight by hydrostatic weighing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aerobic capacity (ml kg(-1) min(-1)) increased (P<0.05) from baseline (39.2+/-5.2, mean+/-s.d.) to 9 months (48.8+/-4.3) in exercising men as well as women (32.8+/-4.2-39.6+/-5.5) with no significant changes occurring at 12 or 16 months. From baseline to 9 months BW (94.0+/-12.6-88.7+/-9.7 kg) and fat weight (26.8+/-6.8-21.8+/-4.5 kg) significantly decreased in exercising men with no changes occurring at 12 or 16 months. There were no changes in fat-free weight across the 16 months for exercising men or for BW or composition in exercising women. Further, there were no significant changes for the control men for aerobic capacity, BW, or body composition across 16 months. Women in the control group showed significant increases in weight of 2.9+/-5.5 kg and fat weight of 2.1+/-4.8 kg at 16 months only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that investigations that use exercise without diet as the stimulus for weight loss have at least a 9-month duration to provide sufficient time for the full effects to be realized, should such effects be present.
authors.affiliation: Energy Balance Laboratory, Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. ekirk@ku.edu
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology