title: Antisense oligonucleotides targeting XIAP induce apoptosis and enhance chemotherapeutic activity against human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Activation of programmed cell death in cancer cells offers novel and potentially useful approaches to improving patient responses to conventional chemotherapy. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), is the most potent member of the IAP gene family in terms of its ability to inhibit caspases and suppress apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of XIAP down-regulation by antisense oligonucleotides (AS ODNs) on human non-small cell lung cancer (NIH-H460) growth in vitro and in vivo. In cultured H460 cells, G4 AS ODN was identified as the most potent compound. It down-regulated XIAP mRNA by 55% and protein levels up to 60% as determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and induced 60% cell death. In contrast, the scrambled control ODN caused minimal XIAP loss and less than 10% cell death. Treatment with G4 AS ODN induced apoptosis as revealed by degradation of procaspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins with significant nuclear DNA condensation and fragmentation. In addition, G4 AS ODNs sensitized H460 cells to the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin, Taxol, vinorelbine, and etoposide. In animal models, administration of G4 AS ODN had significant sequence-specific inhibitory effects on H460 solid tumor establishment in a xenograft model. This antitumor activity was associated with an 85% down-regulation of XIAP protein in the tumors. In addition, the combination of 15 mg/kg G4 AS ODN with 5 mg/kg vinorelbine significantly delayed tumor establishment, more than either agent alone. These studies support the contention that XIAP is a viable target for cancer therapy in human non-small cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: YanPing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cherton-Horvat
authors.forename: Visia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dragowska
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Korneluk
authors.forename: Jon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: LaCasse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases