title: Comparison of transrectal sonography and double-contrast MR imaging when staging rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was the prospective comparison of the diagnostic yield of transrectal sonography and double-contrast MR imaging for preoperative staging of rectal cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Thirty-nine rectal cancer patients (20 men, 19 women) underwent transrectal sonography performed with a 10-MHz endoanal probe and MR imaging (1.0 T or 1.5 T) using a whole-body coil. After rectal application of a superparamagnetic iron oxide MR contrast agent, T1- and T2-weighted images and gadolinium-enhanced double-contrast images were obtained. The results of examinations were compared with the histology of resected specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathology showed four stage T1, 11 stage T2, 18 stage T3, and six stage T4 tumors using the TNM staging system. Nodal metastases were seen in 16 patients. Transrectal sonography could not be performed in 11 patients because of the high location of the tumor. In the remaining 28 patients, the accuracy of transrectal sonography for T stage was 64% overall (patients not receiving radiation, 69%; patients receiving radiation, 60%) and 70% for N stage. In 39 patients, double-contrast MR imaging correctly identified the T stage with an accuracy of 64% overall (patients not receiving radiation, 75%; patients receiving radiation, 53%) and the N stage with an accuracy of 62%. The assessment of rectal wall penetration (Dukes' classification A versus B) revealed a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93%, 71%, and 82%, respectively, for transrectal sonography and 100%, 60%, and 85% for MR imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If it is technically feasible, transrectal sonography is an accurate method for staging rectal cancer. In proximal or stenotic tumors, double-contrast MR imaging is the method of choice. Diagnostic accuracy of transrectal sonography and MR imaging is high for predicting bowel wall penetration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fuchsjäger
authors.forename: Andrea G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schima
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zebedin
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittlböck
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wrba
authors.forename: Gerhard L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Lechner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C101499:ferristene; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA