title: Thymic size in uninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers and fed with pasteurized human milk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the size of the thymus in uninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers and to study the effects of feeding by human donor milk on the size of the thymus in these infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The absolute and relative thymic size was assessed by sonography as thymic index (Ti), and the Ti/weight-ratio (Ti/w) at birth and at 4 mo of age in 12 healthy uninfected infants born to HlV-infected mothers. All infants were exclusively fed pasteurized donor milk. The results were compared with those obtained from a previous cohort of exclusively breastfed, partially breastfed and exclusively formula-fed infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At birth the Ti was reduced in infants born to HIV-infected mothers in comparison with that in control infants but this difference disappeared when their birthweights were taken into consideration (Ti/w-ratio). At 4 mo of age the geometric mean Ti of infants fed donor milk was 23.8 and the mean Ti/w-ratio was 4.2. Compared with those of exclusively breastfed infants, the Ti and Ti/w-ratio of infants fed donor milk were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). The Ti/w-ratio increased in donor-milk-fed infants compared with that in the formula-fed infants (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At birth the size of the thymus was smaller in uninfected infants of HIV-positive mothers compared with infants of HIV-negative mothers but when birthweight was taken into account this difference disappeared. Feeding by human donor milk seemed to result in an increased size of the thymus at 4 mo of age compared with thymic size in infants that were exclusively formula fed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. d.jeppesen@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasselbalch
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ersbøll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heilmann
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Valerius
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D014463:Ultrasonography