title: The TNF receptor superfamily: role in immune inflammation and bone formation.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) family proteins play important roles in many biological processes. Recently, the TNF-family molecule, RANKL (also called TRANCE, ODF, and OPGL), and its receptors, RANK and OPG, were found to be regulators of the development and activation of osteoclasts in bone remodeling. TNFalphaalso activates osteoclasts both by themselves and in synergy with RANKL. We used structure-based design to create peptidomimetics and organic therapeutics that inhibit osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the interaction of ligands and receptors. Here we show for the first time that blocking TNFalpha by these small molecules effectively inhibited osteoclast formation in vitro. These mimetics can be used as a probe to understand the molecular basis of osteoclastogenesis and also as a platform to create useful therapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Abramson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Masa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinosaki
authors.forename: Ramachandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor