title: Diastolic dysfunction is associated with altered myocardial metabolism in asymptomatic normotensive patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated myocardial function in relation to high-energy phosphate (HEP) metabolism in asymptomatic patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus using magnetic resonance (MR) techniques.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Myocardial dysfunction may occur in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence of coronary artery disease or left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. The mechanisms underlying this diabetic cardiomyopathy are largely unknown, but may involve altered myocardial energy metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed myocardial systolic and diastolic function and HEP metabolism in 12 asymptomatic normotensive male patients with recently diagnosed, well-controlled type 2 diabetes and 12 controls, using MR imaging and phosphorus-31-nuclear MR spectroscopy (31P-MRS) on a 1.5 T clinical scanner; 31P-MR spectra were quantified, and myocardial HEP metabolism was expressed as phosphocreatine to adenosine-triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in LV mass and systolic function between patients and controls. However, early (E) acceleration peak, deceleration peak, peak filling rate, and transmitral early-to-late diastolic peak flow (E/A) ratio, all indexes of diastolic function, were significantly decreased in patients compared with controls (p < 0.02). In addition, myocardial PCr/ATP in patients was significantly lower than in controls (1.47 vs. 1.88, p < 0.01). Inverse associations were found between myocardial PCr/ATP and E acceleration peak, E deceleration peak, and E peak filling rate (all, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that altered myocardial energy metabolism may contribute to LV diastolic functional changes in patients with recently diagnosed, well-controlled and uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.diamant@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.forename: Hildo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Ymte
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: Edwin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Endert
authors.forename: Jan W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Romijn
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Roos
authors.forename: Jasper K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Radder
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D003971:Diastole; D018450:Disease Progression; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes