title: Increased expression of thioredoxin-1 in human colorectal cancer is associated with decreased patient survival.
abstract: Thioredoxin-1 is a redox protein that, when overexpressed, causes increased cancer-cell growth and inhibited apoptosis. Thioredoxin-1 expression has been reported to be increased in several human primary tumors, but its relationship to tumor progression and patient survival has not been established. We studied the expression of thioredoxin-1 as measured with immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded human normal colonic mucosa, adenomatous polyps, and primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Thioredoxin-1 expression was not increased in 12 colorectal adenomatous polyps, compared with 8 samples of normal colonic mucosa, but was significantly increased in 12 primary colorectal cancers (P <.01). Thioredoxin-1 expression was not significantly different in primary lymph-node metastases and the primary colorectal cancer. Using colorectal cancer samples from 37 subjects for whom survival data was available, we found that thioredoxin-1 expression increased with Dukes stage, although the association was not statistically significant (P =.077). We noted a significant association between thioredoxin-1 expression and patient survival (P =.004); higher score was associated with decreased survival. When adjusted for Dukes stage, thioredoxin-1 expression showed a statistically significant association with survival (P =.012). The work shows that increased thioredoxin-1 expression is a relatively late event in colorectal carcinogenesis and provides evidence in a small group of subjects with colorectal cancer of Dukes stages A through D that thioredoxin-1 expression may be an independent marker of patient prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raffel
authors.forename: Achyut K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallegos
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Janine G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Einspahr
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: Garth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Powis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C491203:TXN protein, human; D013879:Thioredoxins