title: Induction of tissue factor in the arterial wall during recurrent thrombus formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue factor (TF) is normally expressed at low levels in the media of blood vessels, but it is readily induced after vessel injury. It is not known whether vascular damage per se or thrombus formation is responsible for this phenomenon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclic flow variations (CFVs), attributable to recurrent thrombus formation, were induced in stenotic rabbit carotid arteries with endothelial injury. CFVs were observed for 30 minutes and 2, 4, and 8 hours in different groups of animals. Another group of rabbits pretreated with hirudin before inducing arterial damage to inhibit thrombus formation was observed for 8 hours. Arterial sections were immunostained for TF. Undamaged arteries served as controls. In additional rabbits, in situ hybridization experiments were performed. No TF expression was observed in the media of control vessels, whereas a progressive increase in TF mRNA and protein expression was observed in carotid arteries as CFVs progressed. No increase in TF expression was observed in animals pretreated with hirudin. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TF mRNA is induced in smooth muscle cells stimulated with activated platelets as well as with some platelet-derived mediators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This phenomenon may contribute to sustain intravascular thrombus formation after the initial thrombogenic stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Golino
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosica
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Felice
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ragni
authors.forename: Plinio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vigorito
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Corcione
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tommasini
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gargiulo
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Piro
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calabró
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiariello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D002341:Carotid Artery Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D009000:Monocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011817:Rabbits; D012008:Recurrence; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013925:Thromboplastin