title: Nascent EDHF-mediated cerebral vasodilation in ovariectomized rats is not induced by eNOS dysfunction.
abstract: In estrogen-depleted [i.e., ovariectomized (Ovx)] animals, an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-like mechanism may arise to, at least partially, replace endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)-derived NO in modulating cerebral arteriolar tone. Additional findings show that eNOS expression and function is restored in estrogen-treated Ovx female rats, while the nascent EDHF-like activity disappears. Because NO has been linked to repression of EDHF activity in the periphery, the current study was undertaken to examine whether the nascent EDHF role in cerebral vessels of Ovx females relates to a chronically repressed eNOS-derived NO-generating function. We compared the effects of chronic NOS inhibition with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 mg. kg-1. day-1 for 3 wk) on EDHF-mediated pial arteriolar vasodilation in anesthetized intact, Ovx, and 17beta-estradiol-treated (0.1 mg. kg-1. day-1 ip, 1 wk) Ovx (OVE) female rats as well as in male rats that were prepared with closed cranial windows. In the chronic NOS inhibition groups, pial arteriolar responses were monitored in the absence (all groups) and presence (females only) of indomethacin (Indo; 10 mg/kg iv). Finally, the gap junction inhibitory peptide Gap 27 (300 muM) was applied to block EDHF-related vasodilation. NO donor (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine) responses were similar in all rats studied. Acetylcholine (ACh) reactivity was virtually absent in control Ovx rats and chronically NOS-inhibited intact female, OVE, and male rats. However, a partial recovery of ACh reactivity was seen in L-NAME-treated Ovx females. In addition, in the presence of L-NAME, a normal CO2 reactivity was observed in all females, whereas a 50% reduction in CO2 reactivity was seen in males. In intact and OVE rats, both chronic and acute (NG-nitro-L-arginine suffusion) NOS inhibition, combined with Indo, depressed ADP-induced dilation by > or =50%, and subsequent application of Gap 27 had no further effect on ADP-induced vasodilation. ADP reactivity was retained in Ovx rats after combined chronic NOS inhibition and acute Indo, but was attenuated significantly by Gap 27. In males, Gap 27 had no effect on arteriolar reactivity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that in the cerebral microcirculation, NO does not have an inhibitory effect on EDHF production or action. The increased EDHF-like function in chronic estrogen-depleted animals is not due to eNOS deficiency, suggesting a more direct effect of estrogen in modulating EDHF-mediated cerebral vasodilation.
authors.affiliation: Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Molecular Biology Research Building, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Santizo
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pelligrino
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C110881:S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D004958:Estradiol; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D010396:Penicillamine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester