title: Microembolic signals and carotid plaque morphology: a study of 71 patients with moderate or high grade carotid stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether particular carotid plaque features on ultrasound are more likely to produce microembolic signals (MES).
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed 71 patients with moderate or high grade carotid stenosis established by ultrasound (30-99%). Plaque appearance was classified according to five subtypes. Transcranial monitoring of the middle cerebral arteries was performed on each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MES were more frequently encountered in patients with anechogenic/hypoechogenic plaques compared with isoechogenic/hyperechogenic lesions (P < 0.01). MES+ patients presented also more frequently an irregular surface of the plaque and more severe stenosis, however, the differences did not reach significance. There was no relationship between the presence of MES and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). When considering the different above mentioned variables (logistic regression), only plaque morphology appeared to be a risk factor for the presence of MES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MES+ patients presented a significantly increased frequency of anechogenic/hypoechogenic plaques. As MES may be a marker of increased risk of stroke, the clinical significance of this particular association should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mayor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vassileva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sztajzel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers