title: Estimating the frequency of events from unnatural categories.
abstract: We report two experiments about how people estimate the frequency of event properties when they are explicitly (e.g, spinach-GREEN) and implicitly (e.g, spinach) presented. In Experiment 1, verbal reports indicated that, for explicitly presented properties, participants used several retrieval- and impression-based strategies and were relatively accurate. Implicitly presented properties led to off-target retrieval, which brought to mind more instances of nontarget than of target properties and degraded estimates. A third group estimated the frequency of taxonomic categories (e.g., furniture) much as the explicit property group did, suggesting that people can use properties to organize remembered events. In a second experiment, estimation time patterns underscored the results of Experiment 1 and eliminated reactive verbal reports as an explanation. Off-target retrieval was both ineffective and slow.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248, USA. fconrad@isr.umich.edu
authors.forename: Frederick G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Norman R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dashen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D011930:Reaction Time; D012660:Semantics; D013998:Time Perception; D014825:Vocabulary