title: Prediction of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction by early perfusion- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that early diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI (DWI and PWI, respectively) allows the prediction of malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction (MMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with acute MCA infarction and proximal vessel occlusion (carotid-T, MCA main stem) were studied by DWI, PWI, and MR angiography within 6 hours of symptom onset. Eleven patients developed MMI, defined by decline of consciousness and radiological signs of space-occupying brain edema. Lesion volumes were retrospectively defined as apparent diffusion coefficient <80% (ADC<80%) and time to peak >+4 seconds (TTP>+4s) compared with the unaffected hemisphere. ADC decrease within the infarct core (ADCcore) and relative ADC within the ADC<80% lesion (rADClesion) were measured. Neurological deficit at admission was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with MMI showed larger ADC<80% (median, 157 versus 22 mL; P<0.001) and TTP>+4s (208 versus 125 mL; P<0.001) lesion volumes, smaller TTP/ADC mismatch ratio (1.5 versus 5.5; P<0.001), lower ADCcore values (290 versus 411 mm2/s; P<0.001), lower rADClesion (0.60 versus 0.66; P=0.001), higher frequency of carotid-T occlusion (64% versus 15%; P=0.006), and higher NIHSS score at admission (20 versus 15; P=0.001). Predictors of MMI were as follows for sensitivity and specificity, respectively: ADC<80% >82 mL, 87%, 91%; TTP>+4s >162 mL, 83%, 75%; TTP/ADC mismatch ratio <2.4, 80%, 79%; ADCcore <300 mm2/s, 83%, 85%; rADClesion <0.62, 79%, 74%; and NIHSS score at admission > or =19, 96%, 72%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative analysis of early DWI and PWI parameters allows the prediction of MMI and can help in the selection of patients for aggressive tissue-protective therapy.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrabetae 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. thomalla@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Götz J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Thomalla
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kucinski
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schoder
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiehler
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knab
authors.forename: Herrmann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeumer
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiller
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Röther
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004058:Diffusion; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors