title: Long term effects of nisoldipine on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events: the NICOLE study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier angiographic studies have suggested that calcium antagonists may prevent the formation of new coronary lesions and the progression of minimal lesions. Conversely, a meta-analysis suggested that these drugs may increase cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether nisoldipine retards the progression of coronary atherosclerosis or reduces the occurrence of clinical events.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NICOLE study (NIsoldipine in COronary artery disease in LEuven) is a single centre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with coronary angiography at baseline, six months, and three years of follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  826 patients who had undergone successful coronary angioplasty were randomised to nisoldipine 40 mg once daily or placebo. The intention to treat and per protocol population consisted of 819 and 578 patients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the per protocol population, 625 of the nisoldipine treated and 655 of the placebo treated patients (NS) showed angiographic progression in at least one coronary arterial segment, defined as an increase in diameter stenosis of > or = 13%. The average minimum luminal diameter of the non-dilated lesions decreased by 0.163 mm and 0.167 mm in the nisoldipine and placebo groups, respectively (NS). The respective numbers of new lesions detected were 7 and 13 (NS). In the intention to treat population, the rates of death, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction were similar in both treatment groups. However, nisoldipine use was associated with fewer revascularisation procedures and thus the percentage of patients with any clinical event was lower (44.6% v 52.6%, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nisoldipine has no demonstrable effect on the angiographic progression of coronary atherosclerosis or the risk of major cardiovascular events but its use is associated with fewer revascularisation procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. joseph.dens@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dens
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Desmet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coussement
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: De Scheerder
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostopoulos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kerdsinchai
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Supanantaroek
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Piessens
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D015737:Nisoldipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015737:Nisoldipine