title: The value of endorectal MRI in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the value of endorectal MR imaging (EMRI) in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and compare this test to prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) in the prediction of negative biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  92 patients with elevated PSA (>4 ng/ml) and/or abnormal DRE were studied. All patients underwent an EMRI previous to transrectal ultrasound guided needle sextant biopsies (3 cores in each peripheral zone), and were followed up. We performed a total of 184 biopsies: 92 patients underwent 1 biopsy; out of them, 61 patients underwent 2 biopsies, 27 patients 3 biopsies, 3 patients 4 biopsies and 1 patient 5 biopsies. 67 patients had a final negative biopsy and 25 had a final positive biopsy. Mean PSA was 10.44 ng/ml, and the mean % fPSA/tPSA was 0.20. Uni- and multivariate analysis and ROC curves were used to compare the accuracy of the different tests. The probability of positive biopsy with each technique was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMRI had a high negative predictive value (91.07%) and the highest accuracy (77%) of all tests, higher than PSA (62%). Mean PSA was not statistically different in patients with negative biopsies (9.44 ng/ml) and positive biopsies (11.8 ng/ml) (p=0.064). The association of EMRI-DRE-PSA had the highest accuracy (83%) significantly higher than DRE-PSA (70%). The probability of positive biopsy in patients with negative DRE and EMRI, and PSA values between 5 and 15 ng/ml was 5-10% at first and second biopsies, but decreased progressively on subsequent biopsies (<8% at third biopsy, <5% at fourth biopsy and <3% at fifth biopsy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with elevated PSA and/or abnormal DRE with two previous negative biopsies, an EMRI is a useful test to rule out PCa, when negative, and avoid subsequent biopsies, as they have a low chance of positive biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitari Dr. J. Trueta, Crtra, França s/n, 17007 Girona, Catalonia, Spain. 28547jcb@comb.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comet-Batlle
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vilanova-Busquets
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Saladié-Roig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelabert-Mas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barceló-Vidal
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen