title: Self-report weapon possession in school and patterns of early adolescent adjustment in rural african american youth.
abstract: Examined 345 6th-grade rural African American youth (189 boys, 156 girls) over 3 years with regard to carrying weapons in school. Recent investigations with nationally representative and urban samples have shown that carrying weapons in school fits into a larger pattern of problem behaviors, including aggression and substance use, which are supported by affiliations with other deviant youth. Very little work to date has specifically examined weapon carrying in rural African American youth. This study found that weapon carriers in the first year were primarily male, more aggressive, and had higher rates of substance use than noncarriers. Concurrent peer affiliations were not related to weapon carrying in the first year. However, among those who were not carriers in the 1st year, transitioning into weapon carrying was related to both individual marijuana use and peer-group aggression and marijuana use. Finally, over the 3 years of the study, weapon carriers tended to maintain their high levels of aggression, drinking, and marijuana use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 4705-1006, USA. destell@indiana.edu
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Estell
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Beverley D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Clemmer
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D010379:Peer Group; D012424:Rural Population; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology