title: Hydrogen sulfide exposure without loss of consciousness: chronic effects in four cases.
abstract: Adverse effects of acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are well documented, but long-term effects of occupational exposure to low levels of the gas are not. To evaluate effects of such exposure we performed physical, neurologic, psychiatric, and chemosensory (smell and taste) examinations of four workers who were present but did not lose consciousness when the gas was accidentally released at a construction site. None of the four workers tested positive for functional problems, but all met diagnostic criteria for at least three, and up to eight, H2S-induced neuropsychiatric clinical disorders and from zero to two subclinical disorders. All four had abnormal P300 evoked responses (electrical neurophysiologic tests of brain waves). Our data indicate that exposures to even relatively low concentrations of H2S are hazardous. A rigorous epidemiologic investigation of persons who work with H2S is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000187:drug effects; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D011115:Polyneuropathies / Q000139:chemically induced; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology; D014767:United States Virgin Islands; D000159:Vestibulocochlear Nerve / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide