title: DTPACE: an effective, novel combination chemotherapy with thalidomide for previously treated patients with myeloma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve outcome in previously treated patients (at least two cycles of standard therapy) with multiple myeloma, thalidomide was combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy as induction therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The regimen consisted of 4-days of oral dexamethasone, daily thalidomide, and 4 days of continuous-infusion cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (DTPACE). Response to two cycles of DTPACE for induction was evaluated in 236 patients. Before being treated with DTPACE, 148 patients (63%) had shown progressive disease while receiving standard chemotherapy, and 55 patients (23%) had chromosome 13 abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The partial remission rate (PR) after two cycles of DTPACE was 32%, with 16% attaining a complete remission (CR) or near-CR (nCR; defined as only immunofixation electrophoresis-positive). Patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; n = 98) showed a better response than those with normal LDH (n = 138): PR or better, 43% v 27% (P =.01); CR + nCR, 25% v 11% (P =.01). Patients with chromosome 13 abnormalities (n = 55) responded equally well as the other patients (n = 181): PR or better, 35% v 33% (P =.84); CR + nCR, 17% v 15% (P =.73). Patients who received 100% dose of DTPACE for two cycles (n = 115) achieved higher response rates than those with less than 100% dose (n = 121): PR or better, 49% v 17% (P <.0001); CR + nCR, 27% v 6% (P <.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy of oral dexamethasone and thalidomide with infusional chemotherapy is effective as induction therapy before autotransplantation, especially in patients with high-risk features.
authors.affiliation: The Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 776, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. leechoonkee@uams.edu.
authors.forename: Choon-Kee
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barlogie
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zangari
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fassas
authors.forename: Joth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Frits
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Rhee
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cottler-Fox
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muwalla
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tricot
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013792:Thalidomide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin