Predicting long-term maintenance of physical activity in older adults.
BACKGROUND
Considerable research has established that self-efficacy is a consistent correlate of physical activity. Additional factors, such as exercise-induced affect, social support, and value judgments, have also been identified as having the potential to influence adherence to activity. This study examined the utility of such variables in predicting the long-term exercise behavior of older adults.


METHODS
In the context of a 6-month randomized controlled trial with an 18-month follow-up, we tested the extent to which adherence during the trial, affective responses to exercise, exercise value, and social support from the exercise group had either a direct or indirect effect through the mediation of exercise self-efficacy on physical activity levels at 6- and 18-month follow-up in a sample (N=174) of older adults (M age, 66 years). Structural equation modeling tested several models of exercise prediction.


RESULTS
The best fitting model indicated significant paths from social support, affect, and exercise frequency to efficacy at the end of the program. Efficacy, in turn, was related to physical activity at 6- and 18-month follow-up. The model accounted for 40% of the variance in 18-month activity levels.


CONCLUSIONS
This prospective study provides support for the inclusion of social cognitive variables in models of exercise adherence and highlights the pivotal role of self-efficacy in long-term exercise behavior. Subsequent trials are called for to replicate and extend these findings.
McAuley
Edward
E
Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. emcauley@uiuc.edu
Jerome
Gerald J
GJ
Elavsky
Steriani
S
Marquez
David X
DX
Ramsey
Suzanne N
SN
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D013995:Time