title: Surgical intervention in infertility management.
abstract: Despite improvement in the success of IVF, reproductive surgery will remain an important option and complement to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for many couples. Reproductive surgery should be considered as the first-line treatment when the correction of infertility pathologies is simple and a good result is expected once corrected, when the pathology is causing symptoms such as pain or abnormal bleeding, or if uncorrected will compromise the results or increase the risks of ART. The success of surgical infertility treatment depends on the careful selection of cases using appropriate investigative techniques, with procedures performed in centres with sufficient expertise. For both specialized reproductive and general gynaecological surgery it is crucial to follow microsurgical principles to avoid adhesion formation and conserve normal tissues, especially tubal and ovarian. These aspects of reproductive surgery, and different surgical techniques used for various tubal, peritoneal, uterine and ovarian conditions to achieve the optimal reproductive outcome are discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, The Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK.
authors.forename: Fong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ledger
authors.forename: Tin C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019090:Case Management; D000075202:Contraindications; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000601:surgery; D004717:Endometrium / Q000601:surgery; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000601:surgery*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000601:surgery; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000592:standards; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010053:Ovary / Q000601:surgery; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D034121:Reproductive Health Services; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult