title: Determination of -3858G-->A and -164C-->A genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A2 in blood and saliva by rapid allelic discrimination: large difference in the prevalence of the -3858G-->A mutation between Caucasians and Asians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two mutations in CYP1A2, -164C-->A (allele CYP1A2*F) and -3858G-->A (allele CYP1A2*C), affecting the inducibility of the enzyme, have been published. The aim of this study was to develop a high throughput allelic discrimination assay for these mutations in both saliva and blood and to determine their frequency in Caucasians.
  
  
  METHODS
  An allelic discrimination assay, based on the fluorogenic 5'-nuclease activity (TaqMan), was developed for the two mutations. Genomic DNA extracted from 17 saliva and 100 blood samples from Caucasians was analysed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the -164C-->A mutation, we found an allelic frequency of 68% in the Caucasian population, comparable with data published for Asians and Caucasians. For the -3858G-->A mutation, the allele frequency was only 2% in Caucasians, a much lower value than the approximately 25% reported in Asians (P<0.001). The presented allelic discrimination allows fast and accurate detection of these two mutations. Genotype calls were 100% identical for DNA from saliva and blood. Saliva is easily accessible and represents an excellent alternative to the traditionally used venous blood for genotyping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Todesco
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Török
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krähenbühl
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wenk
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2