title: What is the long-term outcome of the different subgroups of functional dyspepsia?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional dyspepsia is often a long-lasting disorder that accounts for substantial healthcare costs. It has been classified into subgroups assuming that it can guide management of dyspepsia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical significance of subgrouping functional dyspepsia in a long-term perspective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with dyspepsia identified by general practitioners were investigated. Those patients with functional dyspepsia (n=201) were enrolled in this study. Initially, patients were divided into five subgroups (ulcer-like, dysmotility-like, reflux-like, unspecified, and irritable bowel syndrome-like). Patients' medical histories were reviewed after 6-7 years, and the number and outcome of repeated investigations were analysed. At the end of follow-up, patients filled in a questionnaire similar to that at baseline, and were invited for gastroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 2% of patients developed peptic ulcer during follow-up, none of them were in the ulcer-like subgroup. When referrals to hospital and examinations during follow-up were registered, no statistically significant differences existed between subgroups. Patients with reflux-like dyspepsia made fewer revisits than others (P=0.02), but had used antidyspepsia drugs during the previous year more often (P=0.036). Stability of the subgroups over time was poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional dyspepsia is a long-lasting disorder with a very good prognosis. Subgroups of functional dyspepsia play only a minor role in prediction of the long-term outcome, and their usefulness in clinical practice is also hampered by subgroup instability over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Unit of Gastroenterology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. markku.heikkinen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Färkkilä
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data