title: Interferon-gamma regulates nucleoside transport systems in macrophages through signal transduction and activator of transduction factor 1 (STAT1)-dependent and -independent signalling pathways.
abstract: The expressions of CNT and ENT (concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporters) in macrophages are differentially regulated by IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma). This cytokine controls gene expression through STAT1-dependent and/or -independent pathways (where STAT1 stands for signal transduction and activator of transcription 1). In the present study, the role of STAT1 in the response of nucleoside transporters to IFN-gamma was studied using macrophages from STAT1 knockout mice. IFN-gamma triggered an inhibition of ENT1-related nucleoside transport activity through STAT1-dependent mechanisms. Such inhibition of macrophage growth and ENT1 activity by IFN-gamma is required for DNA synthesis. Interestingly, IFN-gamma led to an induction of the CNT1- and CNT2-related nucleoside transport activities independent of STAT1, thus ensuring the supply of extracellular nucleosides for the STAT1-independent RNA synthesis. IFN-gamma up-regulated CNT2 mRNA and CNT1 protein levels and down-regulated ENT1 mRNA in both wild-type and STAT1 knockout macrophages. This is consistent with a STAT1-independent, long-term-mediated, probably transcription-dependent, regulation of nucleoside transporter genes. Moreover, STAT1-dependent post-transcriptional mechanisms are implicated in the regulation of ENT1 activity. Although nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of ENT1 activity in B-cells at a post-transcriptional level, our results show that STAT1-dependent induction of nitric oxide by IFN-gamma is not implicated in the regulation of ENT1 activity in macrophages. Our results indicate that both STAT1-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in the regulation of nucleoside transporters by IFN-gamma in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Macrophage Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1-5, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Concepció
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Manteiga
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guillén-Gómez
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modolell
authors.forename: Marçal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pastor-Anglada
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D033721:Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D033703:Nucleoside Transport Proteins; D011684:Purine Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D033721:Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D033703:Nucleoside Transport Proteins; D011684:Purine Nucleosides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C498476:SLC29A1 protein, mouse; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; C065171:cif nucleoside transporter; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma