title: [Referral and delivery outcomes in Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The process of referral between the first and the second level of the health system in the Democratic Republic of Congo is poorly understood. This report intends to study the association between the referral and the hospital perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delivery outcomes in a retrospective cohort of 1162 women admitted between June 95 and May 96, in two referral hospitals in Kivu were analyzed according to the referral status and the women's characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three percent (n=492)of women admitted, corresponding to 2.3% of expected pregnant women, were referred. Referred women had higher risks of obstetrical complications (OR=2.0; CI95%: 1.3-3.1) and intervention (OR=1.5; CI95%: 1.0-2.3) and similar risks of low birth weight and perinatal mortality. Women with complications during the antenatal period had a double risk of intervention and perinatal mortality. The risk of obstetrical intervention was lower when women had attended 2 visits (OR=0.5; CI95%: 0.3-0.8); the risk of low birth weight was lowest only for mothers who had attended one visit (OR=0.5; CI95%: 0.3-0.9). Distance > or =90 minutes walking from home to hospital raised the risk of obstetrical complication (OR=1.7; CI95%: 1.1-2.5), the risk of obstetrical intervention (OR=1.5; CI95%: 1.0-2.1), and the risk of perinatal mortality (OR=1.6; CI95%: 1.0-2.7). Late admission raised the risk of perinatal mortality (OR=1.8; CI95%: 1.2-2.9) and lowered the risk of obstetrical complication (OR=0.7; CI95%: 0.5-1.0). Part payment of care was associated with higher risks of low birth weight (OR=1.9; CI95%: 1.3-2.9), perinatal mortality (OR=2.2; CI95%: 1.4-3.5) and obstetrical intervention (OR=2.4; CI95%: 1.7-3.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a deficit of referred cases considering that 15% of pregnant women in the area covered by the referral hospitals should have been referred. They confirm the negative influence of economic and geographic constraints on the delivery outcomes. They point out the relevance of making reorganization of the referral system a priority.
authors.affiliation: Centre Scientifique et Médical de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles pour ses Activités de Coopération, l'Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mugisho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dramaix
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porignon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mahangaiko
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hennart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buekens
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018166:Health Care Reform; D006292:Health Priorities; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006780:Hospitals, Rural; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors