title: Comparison of symptoms of influenza A with abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reaction.
abstract: Differentiation between abacavir hypersensitivity and viral respiratory infections is problematic. Fifteen cases of abacavir hypersensitivity were matched to 30 controls with culture proven influenza A with no abacavir exposure. Rash was associated with hypersensitivity (odds ratio [OR] = 13.1, P = 0.02) as was the presence of nausea (OR = 30, P < 0.001), vomiting (OR = 17.1, P = 0.001) or diarrhoea (OR = 22, P < 0.001). The number of gastrointestinal symptoms was also predictive of hypersensitivity reaction (P < 0.001). Respiratory symptoms (cough, sore throat, or dyspnoea) were not associated with abacavir hypersensitivity (OR = 0.08, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the following associations for abacavir hypersensitivity: the number of gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0032), cough (OR = 0.039, P = 0.02) and rash (OR = 16.9, P = 0.07). Abacavir hypersensitivity is strongly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Cough without GI symptoms is associated with influenza.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas 75235, USA. Philip.Keiser@email.swmed.edu
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keiser
authors.forename: Naiel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skiest
authors.forename: Charla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hetherington
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D000099227:Abacavir