title: Rescue of hypercholesterolemia-related impairment of angiogenesis by oral folate supplementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether oral folate supplementation would rescue a hypercholesterolemia (HC)-related impairment of ischemia-induced angiogenesis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Folate protects against endothelial dysfunction, but the effect of folate supplementation on angiogenesis is little known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Control rats were fed a normal diet (n = 18); HC rats (n = 18) were fed 2% cholesterol diet; and HC + folate (HC+F) rats were fed an HC diet with oral folate (0.003% in water). The left femoral artery and vein were surgically excised, and angiogenesis in the ischemic limb was evaluated. We also examined the effects of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, on angiogenesis in the HC+F state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laser Doppler blood flow (LDBF) analysis showed lower ischemic/normal LDBF ratio in the HC group than in the control group. Angiographic and histologic analyses on day 14 revealed a smaller angiographic score (p < 0.001) and capillary density (p < 0.001) in the HC group than in controls, which were associated with reduced tissue NOx and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. The LDBF ratio, angiographic score, and capillary density were significantly restored in the HC+F group (p < 0.01 vs. HC), which were associated with increased serum folate and tissue NOx and cGMP levels. Finally, L-NAME treatment abolished the beneficial action of folate on angiogenesis in the HC state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischemia-induced angiogenesis was inhibited by HC, which was rescued by oral folate supplementation, at least in part, via an NO-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Junli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohara
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: Kimiyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egami
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester