title: Stress situations induce cyanide-resistant respiration in spoilage yeasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the conditions that promote the expression of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) in the spoilage yeasts Pichia membranifaciens and Debaryomyces hansenii.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRR was detected by sensitivity of oxygen consumption to salicylhydroxamic acid. It was absent in both yeasts in the early exponential phase, but was triggered by several stress situations. Starvation under aerobic conditions, decreasing pH or incubation of the culture in a narrow temperature range below the maximum temperature for growth promoted the emergence of CRR in both yeasts. In D. hansenii, CRR was also induced by 1.5-2 mol l(-1) NaCl. Although the presence of H2O2 and menadione induced CRR, radical scavengers had no effect on the emergence of CRR. Also, the level of reactive oxygen species did not vary with the CRR activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under aerobic conditions, a respiratory pathway alternative to the cytochrome chain is triggered by stress conditions in P. membranifaciens and D. hansenii.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between stress situations and CRR must be taken into account in studies on the performance of spoilage yeasts in the food processing environments where several forms of stress are common.
authors.affiliation: Dep. Botânica e Engenharia Biológica, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, and Centro de Eng. Biológica, Fac. Ciências Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Arrabaça
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Loureiro-Dias
mesh_terms: D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010843:Pichia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000099188:Alternative Oxidase
chemical_list: D000968:Antimycin A; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011190:Potassium Cyanide; D000099188:Alternative Oxidase