title: Role of P-selectin, beta2-integrins, and Src tyrosine kinases in mouse neutrophil-platelet adhesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The initial interaction of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with activated human platelets is mediated by P-selectin and its leukocyte ligand PSGL-1; subsequently the interaction is strengthened by activation of alphaMbeta2 via protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by Src kinases and binding of activated alphaMbeta2 to its platelet counterreceptor(s).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Because mouse models are being used to define the role of PMN-platelet interactions in thrombosis and the response to vascular injury, we investigated the molecular determinants responsible for the interaction of murine PMNs with activated murine platelets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse platelets were labeled with the green fluorescent dye BCECF and then activated with thrombin and fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde. Mouse PMNs were labeled with the red fluorescent dye hydroethidine and then stirred with the fixed platelets. After stopping the reaction with paraformaldehyde, formation of mixed cell conjugates was analyzed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In time course experiments, 90 +/- 1.9% of PMNs formed mixed conjugates with platelets after 2 min and the mean (+/- SEM) number of platelets per positive PMN was 8.4 +/- 1.5. A monoclonal antibody to P-selectin reduced the percentage of PMNs with attached platelets to 16 +/- 2.4% (P = 0.001), and only 8 +/- 5% of PMNs interacted with platelets from P-selectin-/- mice. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies to PSGL-1, beta2-integrin, and alphaIIbbeta3 had much less or no effect on the production of mixed cell aggregates. To better identify a secondary contribution of beta2-integrins, P-selectin interactions were disrupted by briefly adding 5 mm EGTA to already-formed mixed cell aggregates. Brief EGTA treatment alone reduced the percentage of PMNs with attached platelets to 70 +/- 3.5% (P = 0.004 vs. no treatment), but did not modify the number of platelets per positive PMN (9.5 +/- 1.7). The combination of brief EGTA treatment and a monoclonal antibody to beta2-integrin lowered the percentage of PMN with attached platelets to 50 +/- 7% and reduced the number of platelets attached per positive PMN to 3.6 +/- 0.7 (P = 0.03 vs. brief EGTA treatment only). Brief EGTA treatment did not modify the effect of the other antibodies. When the incubation was stopped with EGTA the Src inhibitors PP1 and PP2 reduced PMN-platelet adhesion, while the inactive analog PP3 was ineffective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that P-selectin plays a prominent role in mediating the initial interactions between mouse PMN and platelets, and provide support for additional contributions from beta2-integrins and Src family kinases.
authors.affiliation: G. Bizzozero Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Cell Interactions, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manarini
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Coller
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000502:physiology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019007:P-Selectin; C084882:P-selectin ligand protein; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D004492:Edetic Acid; D019061:src-Family Kinases