title: Microtubule network facilitates nuclear targeting of human cytomegalovirus capsid.
abstract: We assessed the requirement of the host cytoskeleton for the intracytosolic transport of incoming human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) capsids. Treatments with microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing drugs nocodazole and colchicine led to a drastic decrease in levels of IE1 antigen, whereas cytochalasin B had no effect on the level of IE1 as determined by Western blot analyses. Sequential treatment including nocodazole washout and removal of cell surface virion revealed that HCMV entry into the cells occurred normally in the absence of the MT network. This finding was also supported by data obtained by monitoring pUL83 signals with an immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Furthermore, we demonstrated a close association of incoming HCMV capsids with MTs by IFA and ultrastructural analyses. In the absence of the MT network, the capsids which had entered the cytoplasm did not move to close proximity of the nucleus. These data suggest that HCMV capsids associate with the MT network to facilitate their own movement to the nucleus before the onset of immediate-early (IE) gene expression and that this association is required to start efficient IE gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan. tsata@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa-Goto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moriishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002213:Capsid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: C088645:IE1 protein, cytomegalovirus; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D003571:Cytochalasin B; D015739:Nocodazole; D003078:Colchicine