title: Nerve transfer to deltoid muscle using the nerve to the long head of the triceps, part II: a report of 7 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports the results of nerve transfer to the deltoid muscle using the nerve to the long head of the triceps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with an average age of 25 years with loss of shoulder abduction secondary to upper brachial plexus injuries had nerve transfer using the nerve to the long head of the triceps to the anterior branch(es) of the axillary nerve through the posterior approach. The spinal accessory nerve was used simultaneously for nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve. The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 28 months (average, 20 mo).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients recovered deltoid power against resistance (M4) at the last follow-up evaluation. Useful functional recovery was achieved in all 7 patients; 5 had excellent recoveries and 2 had good results. The average shoulder abduction was 124 degrees. No notable weakness of elbow extension was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is a reliable and effective procedure for deltoid reconstruction in brachial plexus injury (upper-arm type) and should be combined with spinal accessory nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve to obtain good shoulder abduction.
authors.affiliation: Upper Extremity and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics, Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leechavengvongs
authors.forename: Kiat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witoonchart
authors.forename: Chairoj
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uerpairojkit
authors.forename: Phairat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thuvasethakul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016067:Nerve Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*