title: Establishment of an in vitro assay to measure the invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells through mesothelial cell monolayers.
abstract: Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths in the United States. Secondary tumor growths form by tumor cell invasion through the mesothelial lining of the peritoneal cavity and peritoneal organs. To study this interaction, we developed a dye-based in vitro model system in which mesothelial cells were grown as confluent monolayers, permeabilized, and then co-cultured with ovarian carcinoma cells for up to seven days. The mesothelial cells were then stained with trypan blue dye, which enabled the visualization of ovarian carcinoma cell invasion through the monolayers of mesothelial cells. Ovarian carcinoma cell invasion was inhibited for up to 7 days by the addition of GRGDSP peptides, a blocking monoclonal antibody against the beta1 integrin subunit, or blocking monoclonal antibodies against matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Cell invasion was also inhibited by hyaluronan and GM6001, a chemical inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. Differential gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, and disintegrins were observed in primary ovarian carcinoma tumors and secondary metastases, compared to normal ovaries. Taken together, these results suggest that complex interactions between integrins, disintegrins, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases may mediate ovarian carcinoma cell invasion, and that the dye-based assay described herein is a suitable model system for its study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Rachael C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Theodore R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Oegema
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Skubitz
authors.forename: Stefan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pambuccian
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grindle
authors.forename: Amy P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Skubitz
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019483:Disintegrins / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000276:immunology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000276:immunology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000276:immunology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D004151:Dipeptides; D019483:Disintegrins; D019012:Integrin beta1; C078131:N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; C058161:glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9