title: Physical activity, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids levels, in men and women from the ATTICA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity has long been associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this work we evaluated the effect of physical activity on lipid levels, in a sample of cardiovascular disease free people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ATTICA study is a population-based cohort that has randomly enrolled 2772 individuals, stratified by age-gender (according to the census 2001), from the greater area of Athens, during 2001-2002. Of them, 1376 were men (45 +/- 12 years old, range: 18-86) and 1396 women (45 +/- 13 years old, range: 18-88). We assessed the relationship between physical activity status (measured in kcal/min expended per day) and several lipids, after taking into account the effect of several characteristics of the participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  578 (42%) men and 584 (40%) women were classified as physically active. Compared to sedentary physically active women had significantly lower levels of total serum cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.05) and oxidized LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), triglycerides (p < 0.05), apolipoprotein B (p < 0.05), and higher levels of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (p < 0.05). Similar associations were observed in men, but the benefits did not reach statistical significance. However, when we adjusted for age, smoking habits and body mass index, physical activity was only significantly associated with higher HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (p < 0.05) levels, in women, but not in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial independent increases in HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were observed in women, but not in men, in a Mediterranean cohort.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece. d.b.panagiotakos@usa.net
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skoumas
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitsavos
authors.forename: Demosthenes B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chrysohoou
authors.forename: Akis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeimbekis
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toutouza
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toutouzas
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis