title: How do residents learn? The development of practice styles in a residency program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if resident interactions that occur during rotations may influence resident learning and help explain practice styles in a residency program.
  
  
  METHODS
  We distributed clinical vignette surveys to all pediatric residents in a teaching hospital, eliciting practice styles for childhood fever without source and asthma, as well as resident demographics and learning styles. We measured residents' propensities to order tests for fever, empirically treat fever, diagnose asthma as serious, and aggressively treat asthma. For any 2 residents, we examined if similarity in propensities was associated with the number of months the residents had rotated together in the past year, controlling for demographics and learning styles. We also examined if the gender mix of each resident pair modified the association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two of 62 residents (84%) responded. Practices varied across all vignettes and varied as much within as across training years. In adjusted regressions, 2 residents were 1.22 times (P =.03) and 1.30 times (P =.004) more likely to have similar propensities in fever testing and asthma diagnosis for each additional month they rotated together. By gender mix, associations were stronger for opposite-sex pairs than for same-sex pairs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practice variations emerged in a residency program within a single academic year. Practice styles were more similar among residents who worked together more frequently. However, the association was not uniform across gender combinations, suggesting the importance of interpersonal dynamics in learning. This finding may have major implications for practice variations, medical education, and quality improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. paul-chung@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Manish N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Meltzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D017145:Models, Educational; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires