title: Results of decitabine (5-aza-2'deoxycytidine) therapy in 130 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  General and site-specific DNA methylation is associated with tumor progression and resistance in several cancers, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Decitabine is a hypomethylating agent that has shown encouraging preliminary anti-CML activity. This study evaluated the activity and toxicity of decitabine in different phases of CML.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty patients with CML were treated: 123 with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive CML (64 blastic, 51 accelerated, 8 chronic) and 7 with Ph-negative CML. Decitabine was given at 100 mg/m(2) over 6 hours every 12 hours x 5 days (1000 mg/m(2) per course) in the first 13 patients, 75 mg/m(2) in the subsequent 33 patients, and 50 mg/m(2) in the remaining 84 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 552 courses were given to the 130 patients. Only four patients (3%) died during the first course from myelosuppressive complications (three patients) or progressive disease (one patient). Of 64 patients in the CML blastic phase, 18 patients (28%) achieved objective responses. Of these 18 patients, 6 achieved complete hematologic responses (CHR), 2 achieved partial hematologic responses (PHR), 7 achieved hematologic improvements (HI), and 3 returned to the second chronic phase (second CP). Five patients (8%) had cytogenetic responses. Among 51 patients in the accelerated phase, 28 patients (55%) achieved objective responses (12 CHR, 10 PHR, 3 HI, and 3 second CP). Seven patients (14%) had cytogenetic responses. Among eight patients treated in the chronic phase, five (63%) had objective responses. Of seven patients treated for Ph-negative CML, four (57%) had objective responses. There was no evidence of a dose-response effect. The estimated 3-year survival rate was less than 5% in the blastic phase and 27% in the accelerated phase. The only significant toxicity reported was severe myelosuppression, which was delayed, prolonged, and dose dependent. With decitabine 50-75 mg/m(2), the median time to granulocyte recovery above 0.5 x 10(9)/L was about 4 weeks. Myelosuppression-associated complications included febrile episodes in 37% and documented infections in 34%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decitabine appears to have significant anti-CML activity. Future studies should evaluate lower-dose, longer-exposure decitabine schedules alone in imatinib-resistant CML, as well as combinations of decitabine and imatinib in different CML phases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. hkantarj@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Hagop M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faderl
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia-Manero
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Jianqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talpaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001752:Blast Crisis; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000077209:Decitabine; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine