title: Synthesis and antioxidant activity evaluation of novel antiparkinsonian agents, aminoadamantane derivatives of nitroxyl free radical.
abstract: Two new analogues of the antiparkinsonian drug 1-aminoadamantane: 4-(1-adamantylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl and 4-(1-adamantylammonio)-1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium dihydrochloride have been synthesized. Their antioxidant activity towards reactive oxygen species (ROS: (z.rad;)OH and O(2)(z.rad;-)) have been evaluated in three test systems. The compound with nitroxide substituent displays higher anti-oxidative capacity than those containing hydroxylamine. The in vivo study of ROS-involving 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-rat model of induced parkinsonism was undertaken to ascertain the neuroprotective ability of the novel synthesized compounds-antioxidants. The data clearly shows that the nitroxide free radical moiety of the molecule is necessary for their neuroprotective action on dopaminergic neurons under the applied conditions of deep oxidative stress caused by the neurotoxin (MPTP). The new synthesized analogues may find application in treatment of parkinsonian syndromes, either to block or to reduce the ROS-mediated neuronal damage and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Narutowicza 68, 90-136, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skolimowski
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kochman
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gebicka
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metodiewa
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000547:Amantadine / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D010880:Piperidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011915:Rats, Inbred BUF; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C483142:4-(1-adamantylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl; C483141:4-(1-adamantylammonio)-1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium; D000975:Antioxidants; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D010880:Piperidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000547:Amantadine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; C039900:nitroxyl; D000218:Adamantane; D004298:Dopamine