title: Amygdalar activation associated with happy facial expressions in adolescents: a 3-T functional MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the possible role of the amygdala in the recognition of happy and sad facial expressions in adolescents aged 13 to 17 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy adolescents (6 females and 6 males) underwent noninvasive 3-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing pictures of happy, sad, and neutral facial expressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Happy faces produced significant bilateral amygdalar activation when compared with neutral faces (p <.05, corrected). Sad faces relative to neutral did not produce significant amygdalar activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results extend the role of the amygdala in adolescents to include the recognition of happy facial expressions. They demonstrate the feasibility of using happy facial expressions to noninvasively study amygdalar function in adolescents and establish a baseline against which the amygdalar response to emotional stimuli in several psychiatric conditions may be compared.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, USA. tyang@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Tony T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gotlib
authors.forename: Allan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male