title: Lessons from Srebrenica: the contributions and limitations of physical anthropology in identifying victims of war crimes.
abstract: In July 1995, the town of Srebrenica fell to Bosnian-Serb forces, leaving more than 7000 Muslim men missing and presumed dead. Anthropologists participating in the identification process were faced with a unique problem: the victims appeared identical. All were adult males of a single ethnic group. Decomposition as well as the absence of antemortem (AM) medical and dental records confounded identification. As of December 1999, only 63 men had been positively identified using DNA, personal effects, and identification papers. Are current anthropological methods of sex, age, and stature estimation and AM trauma assessment sufficiently accurate to differentiate the remaining victims and aid in their identification? Comparisons of relative-reported AM information and postmortem examination records for 59 of the 63 identified individuals indicated that while all individuals were sexed correctly, only 42.4% were accurately aged and 29.4% had a stature estimate that included their reported height.
authors.affiliation: Office of the Medical Investigator, and Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. dkomar@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Komar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005006:Ethnicity; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014858:War Crimes; D015022:Yugoslavia
chemical_list: D004247:DNA