title: [Intracellular synthesis of cytokines as the index of function of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in children with first relapse of nephrotic syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a disease in which immune system function disorders play an important role. The aim of the study was an assessment of intracellular expression of cytokines in primary NS including assessment of intracellular expression of monokines (TNF-alpha, IL-8) in non-specific LPS stimulation system and intracellular expression of lymphokines (IL-2, INF-gamma, IL-4, IL-6) in experimental system with application of stimulation with ionomycin and PMA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 47 children with NS aged 2-16 years. After activation of whole blood cells in the presence of brefeldin A the cells were labelled with monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens. In the second phase the cells underwent permeabilisation and were labelled with monoclonal antibodies against individual cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The studies performed demonstrated in children with NS relapse an increase of intracellular synthesis of cytokines characteristic of Th1 system (IL-2) and a decrease of synthesis of cytokines characteristic of Th2 system (IL-4, IL-6). In these patients an increase was also found of intracellular synthesis of proinflammatory monokines (TNF-alpha and IL-8). The studies performed, confirmed the earlier observations concerning abnormal cellular response in NS and demonstrated that differences in serum concentrations of individual cytokines may result from disturbances in their intracellular synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Kardiologii i Nefrologii Dzieciecej, Instytutu Pediatrii, Akademii Medycznej im. K, Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zachwieja
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bobkowski
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaniew
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Runowski
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewandowska-Stachowiak
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D013256:Steroids; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013256:Steroids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D015759:Ionomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma