title: Prospective echocardiographic diagnosis and surgical repair of anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus with an interarterial course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we sought to describe the mode of presentation, anatomic features, diagnostic techniques, and surgical outcome in a group of patients with anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus with an interarterial course between the great arteries (AOCA).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus with an interarterial course is associated with myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death, particularly in adolescents and young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cardiology database at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin was reviewed to identify all patients diagnosed with AOCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From September 1997 to August 2002, 10 patients were identified with AOCA; all were children/adolescents (age range, 3 months to 20 years; weight range, 4.7 to 72 kg), and nine were diagnosed prospectively by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Symptoms of cardiac ischemia initiated investigation in 4/10 patients at a mean age of 16 +/- 2.8 years; the other six had TTE for suspected congenital heart disease/musculoskeletal chest pain. The left coronary artery originated from the right sinus in six patients, and the right coronary artery originated from the left sinus in four patients. An intramural course of the AOCA within the anterior aortic wall was found in 9/10 patients and was reliably identified by TTE; the other patient had an intramyocardial course of the anomalous coronary. Surgical repair was performed in 8/10 patients at a mean age of 13 +/- 4.7 years. Unroofing of the intramural portion of the AOCA to relocate the ostia in the appropriate sinus was successfully performed in seven patients. All patients status post unroofing were asymptomatic with patent coronary flow by Doppler and normal exercise treadmill testing at a median follow-up interval of 1.5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus with an interarterial course is frequently characterized by an intramural course, which can be prospectively identified by TTE. Unroofing the intramural segment without bypass grafting can reliably repair the intramural form of AOCA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9000West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. pfrom@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Frommelt
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frommelt
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tweddell
authors.forename: Robert D B
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Jaquiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging