title: Nerve collagens from diabetic and nondiabetic Sprague-Dawley and biobreeding rats: an atomic force microscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in rat's nerve collagens due to diabetes may be related to the permanence of damage due to diabetic neuropathy. We (1) provide a methodology for determining the diameters of collagen fibers accounting for atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging artifacts, (2) present data on structural differences in sciatic nerve endoneurial, epineurial and tail tendon collagens of control and diabetic Sprague-Dawley and BioBreeding rats, and (3) compare results with literature values.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured collagen diameters and band spacing on endoneurial and epineurial sciatic nerve tissue, and tail tendon, in control and diabetic rats (STZ-induced 12-week diabetic SD and 16-week spontaneously diabetic BB rats). We also developed a model to interpret the raw AFM data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All types of fibrillar collagen diameters studied became larger for diabetic versus control animals. Values for diabetic and control collagen fiber diameters in SD rats were 78 nm and 72 nm for SN epineurium, and 49 nm and 43 nm for SN endoneurium. For diabetic and control BB rats, these values were 83 nm and 77 nm (SN epineurium) and 49 nm and 43 nm (SN endoneurium). Values of 161 nm and 125 nm were found for diabetic and control tail tendon of BB rats. No significant changes were observed in any of the five comparisons made in D-band spacings that ranged from 63 to 69 nm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best means we have found to reduce raw AFM data is to measure several diameters with a single scan, using valley-to-valley measurements. Structural, fibrillar collagens of the nerve and tendon become larger in rats exposed to prolonged diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sastry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D003094:Collagen / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D011913:Rats, Inbred BB; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen