title: A prospective quality of life study in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, treated with radiotherapy with or without regional or interstitial hyperthermia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective study was to describe quality of life (QoL) in patients with locally advanced prostate carcinoma treated with conventional radiotherapy and to evaluate the influence of adding regional or interstitial hyperthermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were irradiated using a CT-planned conventional three field technique, administering 70 Gy to prostate and vesicles. In two different phase I studies, hyperthermia was added to the radiotherapy. Twelve patients were treated with one interstitial hyperthermia treatment, lasting 60 min. Fourteen patients have been treated with five regional hyperthermia treatments, lasting 75 min each. In both hyperthermia studies, the body, bladder and rectum temperatures remained below safety limits. Patients treated with radiotherapy alone (n = 58) or combined with regional (n = 8) or interstitial hyperthermia (n = 12) completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core questionnaire (C30 + 3), the EORTC prostate cancer module (PR25) and the Rand 36 health survey before treatment and 1 and 6 months after completion of treatment. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements has been performed to describe the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patient groups were comparable concerning patient characteristics. No significant interaction or difference in QoL has been noticed between the two hyperthermia patient groups and the patient group without hyperthermia. Therefore, all groups were analysed together (n = 78) to detect QoL changes in time. A deterioration of QoL has been measured from baseline to 1 month after treatment. Fatigue, pain, urinary symptoms, bowel symptoms and financial difficulties increased significantly. Social, physical and role functioning worsened significantly. No differences in QoL were measured 6 months after treatment compared to the baseline measurement, except for a decrease in sexual activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After radiotherapy with or without hyperthermia only a temporary deterioration of QoL occurs, concerning social, psychological and disease related symptoms. Additional hyperthermia does not seem to decrease QoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Q00.118, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.vanvulpen@radcl.ruu.nl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Vulpen
authors.forename: J R J
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: De Leeuw
authors.forename: M P R
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Van Gellekom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Der Hoeven
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Graeff
authors.forename: R J A
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Van Moorselaar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van Der Tweel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: J J W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lagendijk
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Battermann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011878:Radiotherapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires