title: RETRACTED: Hairpin RNAs and retrotransposon LTRs effect RNAi and chromatin-based gene silencing.
abstract: The expression of short hairpin RNAs in several organisms silences gene expression by targeted mRNA degradation. This RNA interference (RNAi) pathway can also affect the genome, as DNA methylation arises at loci homologous to the target RNA in plants. We demonstrate in fission yeast that expression of a synthetic hairpin RNA is sufficient to silence the homologous locus in trans and causes the assembly of a patch of silent Swi6 chromatin with cohesin. This requires components of the RNAi machinery and Clr4 histone methyltransferase for small interfering RNA generation. A similar process represses several meiotic genes through nearby retrotransposon long terminal repeats (LTRs). These analyses directly implicate interspersed LTRs in regulating gene expression during cellular differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schramke
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allshire
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D008540:Meiosis; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018626:Retroelements; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006570:Heterochromatin; D035683:MicroRNAs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018626:Retroelements; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; C400810:ura4 protein, S pombe; D008780:Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C112744:clr4 protein, S pombe