title: Identification of persons at high risk for kidney disease via targeted screening: the NKF Kidney Early Evaluation Program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 340,000 individuals were receiving renal replacement therapy in the United States at the end of 1999; this number is projected to double by the year 2010. Almost half had a primary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus particularly type 2, and more than one quarter a primary diagnosis of hypertension. Studies have demonstrated effective maneuvers to prevent or delay the rate of progression of kidney disease, and decrease morbidity and mortality. The objective of early diagnosis is early detection of asymptomatic disease at a time when intervention has a reasonable potential to have a positive impact on outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1997, the National Kidney Foundation launched KEEP trade mark (Kidney Early Evaluation Program), a free community-based screening that targets first order relatives of persons with hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, and those with a personal history of diabetes or hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 889 individuals screened in the pilot study, 71.4% had at least one abnormality. The program includes an educational component and referral to a physician for follow-up of abnormal values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted screenings are an effective means of identifying persons at risk for kidney disease, and can identify individuals at risk early enough in the course of their disease to allow for effective intervention.
authors.affiliation: St. Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63106, USA. wendy.brown@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Wendy W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Shu-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Karren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molony
authors.forename: Monica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.forename: Gigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Politoski
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Keane
mesh_terms: D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012307:Risk Factors