title: Reduced hospitalization cost for patients with pectus excavatum treated using minimally invasive surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently, few data exist regarding the relative costs associated with open and minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical and hospitalization costs for these two surgical techniques and to identify factors responsible for cost differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of hospital charts, patient and parent questionnaires, and hospital accounting records was performed for 68 patients who underwent surgical correction of pectus excavatum between June 1996 and December 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this series, 25 patients underwent open repair, whereas 43 patients underwent minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE). The patient ages ranged from 4 to 19 years. The average ages for open repair (12 years) and MIRPE (11 years) did not differ significantly. As compared with open repair, MIRPE was associated with a 27% lower overall cost of hospitalization ( p < 0.05). The operating room costs were 12% higher for the patients who underwent MIRPE ( p < 0.05). The mean operative time for open repair was 3 h 15 min, whereas MIRPE required 1 h 10 min ( p < 0.001). The hospital stay for open repair averaged 4.4 days, as compared with 2.4 days for MIRPE ( p < 0.001). In contrast to other published series, the postoperative analgesia after MIRPE in this series consisted of narcotics, ketorolac, and methocarbamol. No patient received epidural analgesia, regardless of the repair technique selected. The postoperative complication rate was 4% in the open group and 14% in the MIRPE group. Most of the patients treated with either open or MIRPE reported postoperative oral narcotic usage for 2 weeks or less and returned to routine activities within 3 weeks. The patients and parents alike reported good to excellent overall outcomes in 85% or more of the open repair cases and 90% or more of the MIRPE cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate for the first time that the use of an alternate pain management strategy including, narcotics, NSAIDs, and methocarbamol, but without epidural catheters, results in reduced hospital length of stay and decreased overall hospitalization costs for MIRPE, as compared with open pectus repair. This cost benefit was achieved without compromising pain management or patient satisfaction with surgical care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati OH 45233, USA. thomas.inge@chmcc.org
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Inge
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Owings
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Blewett
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Georgeson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000407:Alabama; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003363:Cost Control / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000191:economics; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics