title: [Functional childhood gastrointestinal disorders. II. Constipation and solitary encopresis: physiology and pathophysiology].
abstract: The childhood prevalences of constipation and encopresis are 0.3-8% and 1-3% respectively. Following a recent stricter definition and classification, constipation and solitary encopresis are now recognised to be two separate entities. Constipation is characterised by infrequent defecation, often in combination with involuntary loss of faeces. Solitary encopresis most often occurs once a day after school hours. When there is no defecation, the frequency of encopresis increases, the abdominal pain becomes more severe and the appetite becomes less, until a large quantity of faeces is produced (often once per week). The physiology of the defecation and continence mechanism is complex and has only been unravelled in part. The multiple physiological mechanisms involved have a complementary and compensatory effect on each other. This makes it difficult to determine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these functional disorders.
authors.affiliation: Afd. Kindergastro-enterologie en voeding, Academisch Medisch Centrum/Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Ginkel
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Büller
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Taminiau
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Boeckxstaens
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004688:Encopresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology