title: Preparation of the red yeast, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, as feed additive with increased availability of astaxanthin.
abstract: Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) is used as a colorant for aquaculture, egg yolks, and crustaceans but its carotenoids can only be absorbed by animals when its cell wall is degraded. Conditions that degraded the cell wall of X. dendrorhous were developed. To measure the degrees of cell wall degradation, the carotenoid extractability (extracted carotenoid by acetone/total carotenoid) unit was used. Treatment with HCl (0.2 M, 9 h, 90 degrees C) followed by neutralization to pH 3 by NaOH and spray-drying increased carotenoid extractability to 100% with minimal decomposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Chungnam National University, #220, Gung-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon 305-764, Korea. ghahn@cnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Gil-Hwan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Eui-Sung
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003681:Dehydration; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005503:Food Additives / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D005503:Food Additives; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; C005948:astaxanthine; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid