title: Noninvasive interventions to decrease hospitalization and associated costs for pediatric patients receiving hemodialysis.
abstract: Minimal pediatric data describe hospitalization causes and associated costs for children who receive maintenance hemodialysis, and no data exist to evaluate methods to decrease hospitalization. In 1999, two common causes of hemodialysis patient hospitalization at Texas Children's Hospital were fluid overload/hypertension (FO/HTN) and vascular access thrombosis (VAT). Evaluated is the effect of two noninvasive monitoring programs, monitoring of hematocrit-guided ultrafiltration algorithm and vascular access flow using ultrasound dilution vascular access flow technology, on FO/HTN and VAT in the pediatric maintenance hemodialysis population. This prospective observational study reviewed all hospitalization data for all 51 patients who received maintenance hemodialysis from January 1999 through December 2001 obtained from unit monthly performance improvement meeting records. Hospitalization rates and related costs for FO/HTN and VAT were tracked before and after institution of the noninvasive monitoring programs. Application of the noninvasive monitoring of hematocrit-guided ultrafiltration algorithm since January 2000 significantly decreased hospitalization for FO/HTN (64 total days in 1999, 4 total days in 2000 and 2001 combined) while maintaining acceptable patient BP control and minimizing antihypertensive medication requirements. The vascular access monitoring program using ultrasound dilution vascular access flow technology to direct referral for angioplasty instituted in January 2001 led to a significant decrease in hospitalization for VAT (45 d in 2000 and 21 d in 2001). It is suggested that application of noninvasive technologies to assess patient target dry weight and access flow can significantly decrease pediatric maintenance dialysis patient morbidity and health care cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. stuart@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Stuart L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Currier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D006400:Hematocrit; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D013927:Thrombosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014462:Ultrafiltration