title: Eyelid and scleral necrosis following bare iridium-192 seed for retinoblastoma.
abstract: A 2 1/2-year-old girl with a history of bilateral retinoblastoma underwent primary enucleation of the right eye and was referred for further management of persistent tumor in the fellow eye. Previous treatment of the left eye included external beam radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and direct scleral application of a bare iridium-192 radioactive seed. Examination revealed focal full-thickness necrosis of the left upper and lower eyelid and a large inferonasal viable retinoblastoma tumor with overlying retinal detachment. Systemic chemotherapy and direct laser photocoagulation were administered. Four months after presentation, the patient developed focal scleral necrosis with 360 degrees hemorrhagic choroidal detachment. Enucleation was performed and histopathologic examination demonstrated full-thickness scleral necrosis with adjacent viable retinoblastoma tumor cells. Follow-up examinations showed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic tumor. This case is the first report of scleral necrosis following combined modality treatment of retinoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA.
authors.forename: Ingrid U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Cathleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.forename: Arnold M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Markoe
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005143:Eyelids / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009336:Necrosis; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012590:Sclera / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes