title: Hypertrophic lupus erythematosus: a clinicopathological study of 14 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertrophic lupus erythematosus (HLE) is a distinct and rare subset of lupus erythematosus (LE). It is characterized by verrucous lesions, chronic in its course, and resistant to treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and histological characteristics of HLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review our experience with 14 cases of HLE identified in a group of 220 patients with different forms of LE, at the UNICAMP Hospital, between 1976 and 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients presented verrucous plaques concomitantly with discoid lesions. The most common sites of involvement were the face and the arms. Histology of HLE lesions revealed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia engulfing elastotic material. Elastic fibers were seen in migration throughout the epidermis. Classic features of LE were noted in all cases. Three of the patients developed hyperkeratotic papules with central keratinous plug on their arms at the previous LE sites. These lesions resemble clinically and histopathologically keratoacanthomas. In one patient, HLE lesion progressed to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 26 years after the onset of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transepithelial elimination of the elastotic material may be a feature of HLE. Some HLE lesions may present as keratoacanthoma, but classical features of LE aid the correct diagnosis. SCC may arise on a long-standing HLE lesion; therefore HLE requires clinical and histopathological follow up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas/SP, CEP-13015-101, Brazil. patdaldon@lexxa.com.br
authors.forename: Patrícia Erica Christofoletti
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Daldon
authors.forename: Elemir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macedo de Souza
authors.forename: Maria Letícia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cintra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008179:Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*