title: Nurses caring for the spirit: patients with cancer and family caregiver expectations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine what patients with cancer and primary family caregivers expect from nurses with regard to having their spiritual needs addressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, cross-sectional, qualitative study using Miles and Huberman s approach to data reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient and inpatient settings in a county hospital and a comprehensive cancer center, both located in a large, southwestern, metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 African American and Euro-American adult patients with cancer and primary family caregivers were purposively selected to provide variation of experiences (e.g., religious backgrounds).
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth, semistructured, tape-recorded interviews conducted by the investigator. Analysis of transcribed interviews concurrently with data collection followed a process of data concentration, data display, and conclusion drawing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spiritual needs, spiritual care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Informants identified nursing approaches for spiritual needs, including kindness and respect; talking and listening; prayer; connecting with symmetry, authenticity, and physical presence; quality temporal nursing care; and mobilizing religious or spiritual resources. To provide spiritual care, nurses must possess requisites of a personal, relational, or professional nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although some patients or caregivers do not want overt forms of spiritual care, others are eager for them. Many recognize nonreligious actions or attitudes that nurses can practice to care for spiritual needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses must consider how they can address patient preconceptions and requisites for spiritual caregiving. Nurses may need to educate the public regarding their role as holistic and spiritual healthcare providers.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Loma Linda University, CA, USA. ejtaylor@sn.llu.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth Johnston
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000639:trends*; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D013140:Spiritualism / Q000523:psychology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology