title: Delayed recovery associated with persistent serum concentrations after clozapine overdose.
abstract: Experience with managing overdoses of the atypical antipsychotic agent, clozapine, has been limited. A 20-year-old woman, who presented 6 h after ingesting 3500 mg of clozapine, had an unexpectedly prolonged duration of tachycardia and somnolence. Successful recovery followed management with supportive measures for several days in the intensive care unit. However, the duration of symptoms greatly exceeded that predicted by the published 12-h half-life of clozapine and was associated with an unexplained persistence of serum clozapine concentrations. Recovery with normalization of autonomic function occurred only after serum clozapine began to decline again after a 4-day plateau, as revealed by serum monitoring. Similar observations have been reported in two other cases. In overdose, clozapine may not behave as predicted by its published pharmacokinetics. Persistent serum drug concentrations may prolong the period of intensive care, suggesting that aggressive measures to remove clozapine from the gut at the time of overdose may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Emergency Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2Y9.
authors.forename: Lyle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P Timothy
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Pollak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003024:Clozapine / Q000097:blood* / Q000506:poisoning*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011023:Pneumonia, Staphylococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003024:Clozapine