title: [High incidence and complications of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among patients with renal diseases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clostridium difficile is the main agent causing antimicrobial associated nosocomial diarrhea. Chronic renal failure is a risk factor for this type of diarrhea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence and complications of Clostridium difficile diarrhea in a university hospital and among patients with renal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all cases of Clostridium difficile diarrhea that occurred in a university hospital, between June 2000 and May 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Nephrology Unit, 48 episodes of Clostridium difficile diarrhea occurred in 35 patients (7 cases per 100 discharges/year). This figure is higher than the global incidence in the hospital (0.53 cases per 100 discharges/year, p < 0.001). The mean age of the 33 patients with renal diseases was 63 years old and 17 of them were female. Their main diagnoses were chronic renal failure in hemodialysis in 48%, uremic syndrome in 36% and renal transplant in 6%. Seventy nine percent had a history of antimicrobial use (42% quinolones and 36% cephalosporins). In 3 patients, the only risk factor was chronic renal failure. Seventy five percent responded to metronidazole and in 27%, diarrhea recidivated, compared with a 6% recurrence rate in other units, p < 0.02). Eight patients died during hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with renal diseases, Clostridium difficile is frequent and associated with a high recurrence rate and mortality. Chronic renal failure may be a risk factor for its development.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Nefrología, Departamento de Medicina, Comité de Infecciones Intrahospitalarias, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. pherrera@ns.hospital.uchile.cl
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cotera
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fica
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Galdo
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents