title: Utility of automated brachial ankle pulse wave velocity measurements in hypertensive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined whether pulse wave velocity (PWV), determined by brachial ankle arterial pressure wave measurements, using a newly developed, fully automated device could be a surrogate measure for carotid femoral PWV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This device (AT-form PWV/ABI, Nippon Colin, Komaki, Japan) can simultaneously monitor bilateral brachial and ankle pressure wave forms using the volume plethysmographic method, with two optional tonometry sensors for carotid and femoral arterial wave measurements. We examined the right brachial-right ankle PWV and left carotid-left femoral PWV in 89 normotensive and untreated hypertensive patients. The brachial ankle PWV correlated well with carotid femoral PWV (r = 0.755, P <.00001). The Bland-Altman plots of the two variables, however, showed a significant difference exists between the two techniques over the range of measurement. The within-observer and between-observer coefficients of variation of the brachial ankle PWV were 6.5% +/- 4.1% and 3.6% +/- 3.9%, respectively. To determine the factors affecting brachial ankle PWV, we studied treated and untreated hypertensive patients with World Health Organization stage I (n = 146), stage II (n = 74), or stage III (n = 54). In multiple regression analysis, age, brachial ankle PWV, and the presence of diabetes were significant predictors of the severity of hypertensive organ damage. Age, systolic blood pressure, and the stage of hypertensive organ damage were major determinants of brachial ankle PWV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the brachial ankle PWV does not agree with the carotid femoral PWV, this parameter may yet become a new, useful measure for arterial stiffness. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of the brachial ankle PWV.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hypertension and Cardiology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, 3-21 Dainohara 4, Aobaku, Sendai 981-8563, Japan. munakata@tohokuh.rofuku.go.jp
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munakata
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nunokawa
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001776:Blood Circulation Time; D001827:Body Height; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010701:Phonocardiography; D010991:Plethysmography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results