title: Estimating average growth trajectories in shape-space using kernel smoothing.
abstract: In this paper, we show how a dense surface point distribution model of the human face can be computed and demonstrate the usefulness of the high-dimensional shape-space for expressing the shape changes associated with growth and aging. We show how average growth trajectories for the human face can be computed in the absence of longitudinal data by using kernel smoothing across a population. A training set of three-dimensional surface scans of 199 male and 201 female subjects of between 0 and 50 years of age is used to build the model.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Informatics Unit, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK. T.Hutton@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: Bernard F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Henry W W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Potts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000465:Algorithms; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D019066:Facies; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D012737:Sex Factors; D013382:Subtraction Technique