In vitro and in vivo activities of novel 2-(thiazol-2-ylthio)-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against multiresistant gram-positive bacteria.
SM-197436, SM-232721, and SM-232724 are new 1beta-methylcarbapenems with a unique 4-substituted thiazol-2-ylthio moiety at the C-2 side chain. In agar dilution susceptibility testing these novel carbapenems were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) with a MIC(90) of </=4 micro g/ml. Furthermore, SM-232724 showed strong bactericidal activity against MRSA, in contrast to linezolid, which was bacteriostatic up to four times the MIC. SM-232724 showed good therapeutic efficacy comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid against systemic infections of MRSA in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. The MICs of SM-197436, SM-232721, and SM-232724 for streptococci, including penicillin-intermediate and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, ranged from </=0.063 to 0.5 micro g/ml. These drugs were the most active beta-lactams tested against Enterococcus faecium, and the MIC(90) s for ampicillin-resistant E. faecium ranged between 8 and 16 micro g/ml, which were slightly higher than the value for linezolid. However, time-kill assays revealed the superior bactericidal activity of SM-232724 compared to those of quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid against an E. faecium strain with a 4-log reduction in CFU at four times the MIC after 24 h of exposure to antibiotics. In addition, SM-232724 significantly reduced the numbers of bacteria in a murine abscess model with the E. faecium strain: its efficacy was superior to that of linezolid, although the MICs (2 micro g/ml) of these two agents are the same. Among gram-negative bacteria, these three carbapenems were highly active against Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Moraxella catarrhalis, and Bacteroides fragilis, and showed antibacterial activity equivalent to that of imipenem for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus spp. Thus, these new carbapenems are promising candidates for agents to treat nosocomial bacterial infections by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially multiresistant gram-positive cocci, including MRSA and vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Ueda
Yutaka
Y
Discovery Research Laboratories II, Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals, Research Division, Konohana, Osaka 554-0022, Japan. yutakau@sumitomopharm.co.jp
Sunagawa
Makoto
M
D000038:Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004150:Dipeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006602:Hexosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
C467216:3-((4-(2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thio)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid; C467218:6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-((4-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thio)-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid; C467217:6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-3-((4-(2-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thio)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid; D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D014640:Vancomycin; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D004150:Dipeptidases; C038937:dipeptidase; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D000069349:Linezolid