title: Perforating veins - a parameter of recurrence of esophageal varices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of perforating veins in predicting the likelihood of esophageal variceal rupture and variceal recurrences.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 70 patients with esophageal varices, a 20 MHz ultrasonographic transducer was used to image esophageal varices; the radius and perforating veins were calculated. Esophageal variceal pressure measurements were obtained by noninvasive pressure gauge. The relationship between the size of esophageal varices and the presence of perforating veins in the esophageal wall was studied using chi-square test; the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of perforating veins, and the pressure in each group was compared by using Student's t test. In addition, the frequency of endoscopy sessions necessary for varix eradication, the dots of endoscopic variceal ligation and recurrence of esophageal varices within a year were also compared by the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of perforating veins in the esophageal wall was significantly higher in patients with large radius of varices than in patients with small radius. The esophageal variceal pressure in patients with perforating veins was greater than that of patients without perforating veins (23+/- 4.5 vs 12+/-3.1 mmHg, p<0.05). The frequency of endoscopy sessions required for varix eradication and the dots of EVL in patients with perforating veins was greater than that in patients without perforating veins (3.25 +/- 0.50 vs. 2.11+/-.78; 25 +/-.50 vs. 18.56+/- 5.46 p<0.05). The recurrence of esophageal varices within a year was higher in patients with than in patients without perforating veins (75.93 vs. 18.75%, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perforating veins in the esophageal wall correlate with the recurrence of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Hunan, PR China. gaoqinzh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saihong
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xunyang
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feizhou
authors.forename: Nei
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wanping
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reizheng
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lifeng
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minshi
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shuping
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D014463:Ultrasonography