title: Free radicals and the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: beta-cell cytokine-mediated free radical generation via cyclooxygenase-2.
abstract: Free radical formation evoked by proinflammatory cytokines has been suggested to be involved in the destruction of beta-cells in the course of type 1 diabetes development. However, there is no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, we used electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with spin-trapping methodology to directly determine whether cytokines give rise to free radical formation in the islets. Our results demonstrate that direct, in vivo administration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1,000 units), interleukin-1beta (1,000 units), and interferon-gamma (2,000 units) into the rat pancreas through a bile duct cannula leads to the formation of lipid-derived free radicals in this tissue. These free radicals most likely are generated by the beta-cells because previous depletion of these cells by streptozotocin abolished the cytokine-induced free radical formation. Furthermore, macrophage depletion was found to decrease the production of free radicals. Inhibition of the enzyme inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) significantly diminished the free radicals' signal intensity, implicating these factors in the formation of free radicals. We have also demonstrated that cytokine treatment leads to the activation of NF-kappaB in the pancreatic islets of the rats.
authors.affiliation: Free Radical Biology & Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. tahereh-tabatabaie@omrf.ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabatabaie
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasquez-Weldon
authors.forename: Danny R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Yashige
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005609:Free Radicals; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases