title: 1,25(OH)2D3 and dihydrotestosterone interact to regulate proliferation and differentiation of epiphyseal chondrocytes.
abstract: Growth plate chondrocytes are affected by 1,25(OH)2D3 and androgens, which may critically interact to regulate proliferation and differentiation during the male pubertal growth spurt. We investigated possible interactions of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the non-aromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in primary chondrocyte cultures from young male rats. DHT and 1,25(OH)2D3 independently stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with maximally effective doses of [10(-8) M] and [10(-12) M], respectively. Both DHT and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated the expression and release of IGF-I, and the proliferative effects of each hormone were prevented by an IGF-I antibody. DHT and 1,25(OH)2D3 increased messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of their cognate receptors and of IGF-I receptor mRNA (IGF-I-R). 1,25(OH)2D3 also stimulated mRNA of the androgen receptor (AR), whereas DHT did not affect mRNA of the vitamin-D receptor (VDR). Coincubation with both steroid hormones did not stimulate receptor mRNAs more than either hormone alone. The proliferative effects of DHT and 1,25(OH)2D3 were completely inhibited by simultaneous incubation with both hormones, despite potentiation of IGF-I synthesis. In contrast, both hormones synergistically stimulated cell differentiation as judged by alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen X mRNA, and matrix calcification in long-term experiments. We conclude that DHT and 1,25(OH)2D3 interact with respect to chondrocyte proliferation and cell differentiation. The proliferative effects of both hormones are mediated by local IGF-I synthesis. Simultaneous coincubation with both hormones blunts the proliferative effect exerted by either hormone alone, in favor of a more marked stimulation of cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Munich D-80337, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hügel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Himmele
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klaus
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mehls
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002117:Calcitriol