title: Radon entry into houses: the importance of scale-dependent permeability.
abstract: Soil permeability to air can increase substantially with measurement length scale. We tested the hypothesis that the scale effect could resolve large model underpredictions of radon and soil-gas entry into two experimental basement structures located in natural sandy-loam soil at a field site in Ben Lomond, CA. Previously, the model input for permeability at the site had been assessed based on 0.5-m scale measurements. After determining the soil-structure interaction scale (system scale) to be approximately 3 m, the model input was changed to reflect 3-m scale permeability measurements. This adjustment reduced unacceptably large model underpredictions, of a factor of 3 to 5, to a range near that of acceptable experimental error, 20 to 40%. The permeability scale effect may explain large and persistent model underestimates of radon entry into real houses. The results argue strongly for determining permeability at a length scale consistent with that of the system under study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Studies, San José State University, San José, CA 94709, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garbesi
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sextro
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Nazaroff
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D000398:Air Pollution, Radioactive; D001108:Architecture; D006798:Housing; D008961:Models, Structural; D010539:Permeability; D011312:Pressure; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D011886:Radon