title: Oestrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism is related to aortic valve sclerosis in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aortic valvular sclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory process and not a result of normal ageing. The sclerotic process is accelerated by risk factors such as smoking and high cholesterol levels. The genetic factors for the development of AS are however unknown. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the oestrogen receptor alpha (ORalpha) gene and in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1) gene were related to the presence of AS in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relationships were tested between polymorphisms in the ORalpha gene defined by the restriction enzymes PvuII and XbaI, and in the TGF-beta1 gene defined by AocI, and AS, lipid levels, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in 41 postmenopausal female patients and 41 age- and sex-matched controls. These polymorphisms were also tested in relation to lipid levels and Lp(a), in 99 healthy Caucasian girls, aged 16.9 +/- 1.2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the postmenopausal patients and age-matched controls, the PvuII polymorphism was independently associated with an increased risk of AS [odds ratio (OR) = 3.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-10.09). A genotype defined by at least one restriction site in the PvuII polymorphism and two restriction sites in the TGF-beta1 polymorphism was related to a highly significantly increased risk of AS (OR = 4.58; 95% CI 1.68-12.51). In the adolescent female cohort, presence of two restriction sites in the PvuII polymorphism was associated with higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.02), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated that the PvuII polymorphism in the ORalpha gene is related to both the presence of AS in postmenopausal women and to lipid levels in adolescent females, suggesting that this polymorphism may influence the risk of AS partly by affecting lipid levels.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Perioperative Sciences, National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden. peter.nordstrom@idrott.umu.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Glader
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dahlén
authors.forename: L Slunga
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Birgander
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorentzon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waldenström
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorentzon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*; D015183:Restriction Mapping / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen