title: The latero-central glandular pedicle technique for breast reduction.
abstract: The relatively high number of complications and disadvantages of the conventional techniques in breast reduction combined with our expertise in restoring sensation in breast reconstructive procedures, led to the development of a new technique that was crystallised from the traditional techniques and is able to overcome most of their disadvantages. The key issue of the technique is that the nipple is vascularised and innervated on a column of glandular tissue that remains in contact in its posterior part with the pectoralis muscle and its perforators and in its lateral aspect to the lateral pillar of breast tissue. Due to the ptosis that develops during the process of hypertrophy, this column will gain sufficient length to be turned upwards into the new position of the nipple. Resection of glandular tissue is performed cranially, medial and inferior to this column. Undermining of the skin is reduced to an absolute minimum and glandular resections are always performed in the shape of a wedge. In this way, undermining of the breast gland over the pectoralis muscle is avoided. The glandular pedicles are sutured together after loosely fitting the glandular cone with the nipple into its new position. The long term results of the first 68 cases were reviewed and compared to our experience with the superior dermal pedicle technique combined with the vertical scar as described by Lassus and later by Lejour. Due to increased vascularisation of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC), wound complications were markedly reduced with the new technique. Sensation in the NAC was preserved in almost all cases. There was a high satisfaction about the obtained aesthetical results in regard to shape and volume. Increased viability of the NAC, a reduced rate of wound complications and preservation of sensation in NAC are the main advantages of this technique. Additionally, flattening of the NAC is avoided by the support by glandular tissue behind the NAC that improves projection and hereby the aesthetic conic appearance of both breast and nipple.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Gent, De Pintelaan 185, 2K12C, Gent B9000, Belgium. phillip.blondeel@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: Phillip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Blondeel
authors.forename: Moustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamdi
authors.forename: Karlien A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Van de Sijpe
authors.forename: Koen H I
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Van Landuyt
authors.forename: Filip E F
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Thiessen
authors.forename: Stan J M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Monstrey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome