title: Expression of caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder correlates with tumor grade and squamous differentiation.
abstract: We immunohistochemically evaluated 94 cases of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder for the expression of caveolin (Cav)-1 and Cav-2. Neither benign urothelium present in 22 cases nor flat carcinoma in situ present in 10 cases stained for Cav-1 or Cav-2. Thirty-five (37%) of 94 cases and 45 (51%) of 89 cases of UC stained positively for Cav-1 and Cav-2, respectively. The percentages of positive cases for Cav-1 in grades 1, 2, and 3 tumors were 0% (0/6), 0% (0/25), and 56% (35/63), respectively (P < .001), and for Cav-2, 0% (0/6), 13% (3/23), and 70% (42/60), respectively (P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed no significant correlation between tumor stage and Cav-1 or Cav-2 expression after correction for tumor grade. Eighty-two percent (14/17) of cases with squamous differentiation were positive for Cav-1 compared with 43% (20/46) of grade 3 tumors without squamous differentiation (P < .001). These results indicate a positive correlation of the expression of Cav-1 and Cav-2 with tumor grade and squamous features of UC and suggest that Cav-1 and Cav-2 be studied further for a possible role in tumor progression and squamous differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Ediberto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gwynn
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lisanti
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fazzari
authors.forename: Maomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051242:Caveolin 1; D051243:Caveolin 2; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D051243:Caveolin 2; D022461:Caveolins