title: Cigarette smoking and cervical cancer: Part I: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer among women worldwide and its etiology is not clearly understood. Human papillomavirus can be found in approximately 95% of cervical cancers, but it does not appear to be necessary or sufficient to induce malignancy. In 1977, Winkelstein suggested that cigarette smoking was a causative factor in the development of cervical cancer. We report a meta-analysis of cigarette smoking and cervical disease and conclude that the data support a role for cigarette smoking as a risk factor for cervical cancer. We propose a multifactorial hypothesis involving a virus-tar interaction as the etiology of cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter ReedMedical Center, Washington, DC, USA. haverkosh@cder.fda.gov
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Haverkos
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soon
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Steckley
authors.forename: Wallace
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pickworth
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013638:Tars / Q000009:adverse effects; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D013638:Tars; C024746:tobacco tar