title: Cure of an established nonimmunogenic tumor, SCC VII, with a novel interleukin 12-based immunotherapy regimen in C3H mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a murine model of effective treatment with immunotherapy for established head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective animal study. Subjects Female C3H mice, 8 to 12 weeks old.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subcutaneous inoculation of 2 x 10(5) SCC VII cells in C3H mice was established for 7 to 12 days. Tests for concomitant immunity were performed, with and without interleukin 12 modification. Tumors were also tested for responsiveness to interleukin 12 (5 mice) and to cyclophosphamide followed by interleukin 12 (5 mice). SCC VII tumors in 24 mice were treated with interleukin 12 followed by cyclophosphamide and interleukin 12. Five mice with tumors treated with isotonic sodium chloride solution served as controls. Tumors were measured 3 to 4 times weekly, and cure was defined as complete regression of the tumor for at least 60 days. Cured mice were rechallenged with 2 x 10(5) SCC VII cells to verify antitumor immunity. Immunohistochemistry of regressing tumors was performed for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor-bearing mice easily developed second tumors when challenged with 2 x 10(5) tumor cells in the opposite flank. However, interleukin 12 treatment provided immunity to second tumors in 8 (100%) of 8 mice when started at day 4 and in 2 (40%) of 5 when treated from day 7. SCC VII did not respond to standard interleukin 12 or cyclophosphamide plus interleukin 12 therapy. Seventy-five percent of animals (18/24) treated with interleukin 12 followed by cyclophosphamide plus interleukin 12 were successfully cured, and all cured mice resisted subsequent challenge with SCC VII. Immunohistochemistry of regressed tumors showed an intense CD4+ and CD8+ infiltrate that was absent in the untreated and nonresponding tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonimmunogenic SCC VII is a nonimmunogenic tumor that can be converted into an immunogenic tumor with interleukin 12 treatment. Additional treatment with cyclophosphamide plus interleukin 12 leads to complete regression in 75% of mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, and the Surgical Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, 94143-0342, USA.
authors.forename: Aditi H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mandpe
authors.forename: Kangla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsung
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D023421:Models, Animal; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D018664:Interleukin-12