Efficacy of ceftiofur for treatment of experimental salmonellosis in neonatal calves.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of a high extralabel dose of ceftiofur for treatment of experimental salmonellosis in neonatal calves.


METHODS
Forty-two 1- to 4-day-old Holstein bull calves.


METHODS
36 calves were orally challenged with Salmonella enteritica serovar Typhimurium (6.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units). Six additional calves were retained as nonmedicated nonchallenged control calves. Four days following Salmonella challenge, surviving calves were randomly allocated to ceftiofur-treated (5 mg/kg, IM, q 24 h) or nonmedicated control groups. Calves assigned to the treated group were medicated daily for 5 days starting on day 4 after challenge. Calves were monitored for 18 days following Salmonella challenge. Outcome assessments included clinical parameters (attitude, appetite, fecal characteristics, and rectal temperature), mortality rate, and quantitative Salmonella culture of fecal samples, mesenteric lymph nodes, and cecal contents.


RESULTS
Ceftiofur treatment was associated with a significant decrease in rectal temperature and diarrhea. Three of 15 medicated calves and 4 of 14 non-medicated calves died or were euthanatized between days 4 and 18. A significant decrease in fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms was observed in treated calves, compared with nonmedicated calves. Salmonella organisms were isolated from all 10 non-medicated calves at necropsy, whereas no Salmonella organisms were isolated from 5 of 12 medicated calves.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment of salmonellosis in neonatal calves with a high extralabel dose of ceftiofur (5 mg/kg, IM, q 24 h) promotes animal welfare, reduces fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms, and may promote clearance of Salmonella infections when plasma ceftiofur concentrations are maintained above minimal inhibitory concentrations.
Fecteau
Marie-Eve
ME
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
House
John K
JK
Kotarski
Susan F
SF
Tankersley
Natalie S
NS
Ontiveros
Monica M
MM
Alcantar
Carlos R
CR
Smith
Bradford P
BP
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D002511:Cephalosporins; C053503:ceftiofur