title: Brain biopsy prior to treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: A cortical biopsy was analyzed using immunohistochemical methodology in a total of 213 patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Normal intracranial pressure (ICP) was registered in 121 (43 %) of patients with suspected NPH. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) related lesions was quite high, since 38 % of all subjects displayed beta-amyloid (betaA4) aggregates and in 8 % of subjects paired helical filament-tau (PHF-tau) pathology was noted. The AD associated pathologies were more common in subjects with normal than elevated ICP. Of the 121 subjects with NPH, 16 (13 %) had subclinical, histopathologically verified AD and a further 40 subjects (33 %) could be considered to be at high risk to develop AD. Pharmacological treatment trials of AD should be carried out on subjects with evident brain pathology (betaA4 aggregates or PHF-tau pathology) especially during the early stage of the disease, i.e., the subclinical stage. For this purpose a simple cortical biopsy with a low risk of complication would represent a diagnostic "method" of choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alafuzoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides