title: Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and a substrate, L-arginine, on the cardiac function of juvenile salmonid fish.
abstract: Control of cardiac function was investigated juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) using inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), (L-NAME, NG-nitro-L-arginine and L-NMMA, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine) and a substrate of NOS (L-arginine). Salmonid alevins are excellent models for such studies since they are transparent, the beating heart is easily observed, diffusing distances are small, and they respond within a few seconds to exogenously administered chemicals. The response to inhibitors of NOS (L-NAME or L-NMMA) was tachycardia interpreted as vasoconstriction through lowered capacity for synthesis of NO. This could be reversed by addition of L-arginine and the subsequent bradycardia was explained as a vasodilation resulting from increased synthesis of NO. Blood flow into the heart is mainly via the vitelline vein and changes of flow resulting from constriction or dilation of this vessel may be probably major determinants of heart rate. The results provide evidence for the presence NOS in juvenile fish and indicate a physiological role for NO in cardiovascular control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK. F.B.Eddy@Dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tibbs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012474:Salmon / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase