title: The impact of treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease on health-related quality of life: a literature review.
abstract: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is common in the general population and is diagnosed based on patient-reported symptoms and clinical tests. Although clinical tests are available, significant percentages of patients report symptoms of heartburn and reflux despite negative endoscopies, and 24-hour pH tests are not often used by primary-care physicians in diagnosis. Consequently, patient-reported symptoms and health-related QOL (HR-QOL) are important in assessing treatment outcome. HR-QOL is significantly impaired in patients with GORD, and HR-QOL is associated with symptom severity and changes in GORD-related symptoms. The objective of this literature review is to examine the impact of pharmacological treatment on HR-QOL in patients with GORD. Generic and disease-specific HR-QOL measures have been used in clinical trials to evaluate the impact of GORD on patient functioning and well-being. The Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) Index and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) have been used in several clinical trials of treatment for GORD and have consistently shown that HR-QOL improves with successful therapy. These trials have been conducted primarily with two pharmacological agents, omeprazole and ranitidine. On the Heartburn-specific Quality of Life questionnaire, patients treated with ranitidine reported better HR-QOL after treatment compared with placebo therapy. In two clinical trials where omeprazole and ranitidine were compared, patients treated with omeprazole reported significantly better HR-QOL (based on the PGWB Index) than those treated with ranitidine; however, 2 other trials did not detect significant differences between the treatments. Results from clinical trials using disease-specific measures (Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index [GIQLI] and Heartburn-specific Quality of Life questionnaire) demonstrate similar findings, supporting the association between treatment-related symptom resolution and improvements in HR-QOL. The GIQLI was used in a trial comparing pantoprazole and ranitidine, where results favoured pantoprazole therapy. Several studies have demonstrated that resolution of GORD symptoms is associated with improvement in HR-QOL. Although there is evidence that treatment for GORD does improve symptoms and HR-QOL outcomes, further research is needed to more completely understand the value of medical therapy for GORD.
authors.affiliation: MEDTAP International, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Prasad@medtap.com
authors.forename: Manishi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rentz
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Revicki
mesh_terms: D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D006801:Humans; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017494:Proton Pumps / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D017494:Proton Pumps; D011899:Ranitidine; D009853:Omeprazole