title: Use of spent mushroom compost to bioremediate PAH-contaminated samples.
abstract: Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a bulky waste byproduct of mushroom industry and produced abundantly. The SMC of Pleurotus pulmonarius immobilized laccase (0.88 mmoles min(-1) g(-1)) and manganese peroxidase (0.58 mmoles min(-1) g(-1)) of which the optimal temperatures were 45 and 75 degrees C, respectively. In laboratory test, complete degradative removal of individual naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (200 mg PAH kg(-1) sandy-loam soil) by 5% SMC was obtained in two days under continuous shaking at 80 degrees C. The SMC-treated PAH samples had significantly reduced or removed their toxicities as revealed by the Microtox bioassay. These results were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on the breakdown products. A phthalic derivative which is reported as a degradative product of PAHs by ozonation or ligninolysis was also detected in the SMC-treated samples. The results demonstrate the potential in employing SMC in ex situ bioremediation.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D014733:Vibrio / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C051129:manganese peroxidase