Torsade de pointes due to noncardiac drugs: most patients have easily identifiable risk factors.
Numerous medications, including drugs prescribed for noncardiac indications, can lead to QT prolongation and trigger torsade de pointes. Although this complication occurs only rarely, it may have lethal consequences. It is therefore important to know if patients with torsade de pointes associated with noncardiac drugs have risk factors that are easy to identify. We reviewed reports of drug-induced torsade de pointes and analyzed each case of torsade de pointes associated with a noncardiac drug for the presence of risk factors for the long QT syndrome that can be easily identified from the medical history or clinical evaluation (female gender, heart disease, electrolyte disturbances, excessive dosing, drug interactions, and history of familial long QT syndrome). We identified 249 patients with torsade de pointes caused by noncardiac drugs. The most commonly identified risk factor was female gender (71%). Other risk factors were frequently present (18%-41%). Virtually all patients had at least 1 of these risk factors, and 71% of patients had 2 or more risk factors. Our study suggests that almost all patients with torsade de pointes secondary to noncardiac drugs have risk factors that can be easily identified from the medical history before the initiation of therapy with the culprit drug.
Zeltser
David
D
Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Turkey.
Justo
Dan
D
Halkin
Amir
A
Prokhorov
Vitaly
V
Heller
Karin
K
Viskin
Sami
S
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists