title: The distribution of arsenate and arsenite in shoots and roots of Holcus lanatus is influenced by arsenic tolerance and arsenate and phosphate supply.
abstract: The recent discovery that phytochelatins are important for arsenic (As) detoxification in terrestrial plants results in the necessity to understand As speciation and metabolism in plant material. A hydroponic study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of different levels of phosphate and arsenate [As(V)] on As speciation and distribution in tolerant and non-tolerant clones of Holcus lanatus. Speciation of As in tissue (using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) revealed that the predominant species present were the inorganic As species (As(V) and arsenite [As(III)]), although small levels (<1%) of organic As species (dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid) were detected in shoot material. In roots, the proportion of total As present as As(III) generally increased with increasing levels of As(V) in the nutrient solution, whereas in shoots, the proportion of total As present as As(III) generally decreased with increasing levels of As(V). H. lanatus plants growing in the high-phosphorus (P) (100 micro M) solution contained a higher proportion of As(V) (with regard to total As) in both roots and shoots than plants supplied with low P (10 micro M); in addition, tolerant clones generally contained a higher proportion of As(V) with regard to total As than non-tolerant clones. The study further revealed that As(V) can be reduced to As(III) in both roots and shoots. Although the reduction capacity was limited, the reduction was closely regulated by As influx for all treatments. The results therefore provide a new understanding about As metabolism in H. lanatus.
authors.affiliation: The University of Western Australia, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quaghebeur
authors.forename: Zdenko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rengel
mesh_terms: D001149:Arsenates / Q000378:metabolism*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018053:Arsenites / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D031752:Holcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D018053:Arsenites; D010710:Phosphates; C015001:arsenite; D001151:Arsenic; C025657:arsenic acid