title: Prostaglandin E2 activates the histaminergic system via the EP4 receptor to induce wakefulness in rats.
abstract: Prostaglandin (PG)E2 promotes the wakeful state when administered into the posterior hypothalamus, in which the histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is located. To explore the neurotransmitter mechanisms responsible for PGE2-induced wakefulness in rats, we examined the effect of PGE2 on the activity of the histaminergic system and the involvement of PGE2 receptor subtypes in the response. PGE2 perfusion in the TMN at doses of 100, 200, and 400 pmol/min for 2 hr significantly increased histamine release from the medial preoptic area and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Among the agonists of the four distinct subtypes of PGE2 receptors (EP1-4) tested, only the EP4 receptor agonist (ONO-AE1-329) mimicked the excitatory effect of PGE2 on histamine release from both the medial preoptic area and frontal cortex. Perfusion of either PGE2 or the EP4 agonist into the TMN at a dose of 200 pmol/min for 1 hr increased histidine decarboxylase activity, histidine decarboxylase mRNA level, and histamine content in the hypothalamus. In situ hybridization revealed that EP4 receptor mRNA was expressed in histidine decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons of the TMN region. Furthermore, EP4 agonist perfusion into the TMN induced wakefulness. These findings indicate that PGE2 induces wakefulness through activation of the histaminergic system via EP4 receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhi-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamatodani
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urade
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hayaishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006632:Histamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007026:Hypothalamic Area, Lateral / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D017551:Microdialysis; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; C461399:ONO-AE1-329; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D006632:Histamine; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase; D015232:Dinoprostone