title: Introducing a prognostic score for pretherapeutic assessment of seminal vesicle invasion in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify prostate cancer patients who will have the most likely benefit from sparing the seminal vesicles during 3D conformal radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 2001, 532 patients underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Primary endpoint was the pathological evidence of seminal vesicle invasion. Variables for univariate and multivariate analyses were age, prostate weight, clinical stage, PSA level, Gleason score, number and site of positive prostate sextant biopsies. Multivariate logistic regression with backward stepwise variable selection was used to identify a set of independent predictors of seminal vesicle invasion, and the variable selection procedure was validated by non-parametric bootstrap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seminal vesicle invasion was reported in 14% of the cases. In univariate analysis, all variables except age and prostate weight were predictors of seminal vesicle invasion. In multivariate analysis, only the number of positive biopsies (P<0.0001), Gleason score (P<0.007) and PSA (P<0.0001) were predictors for seminal vesicles invasion. Based on the multivariate model, we were able to develop a prognostic score for seminal vesicle invasion, which allowed us to discriminate two patient groups: A group with low risk of seminal vesicles invasion (5.7%), and the second with a higher risk of seminal vesicles invasion (32.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the number of positive biopsies, Gleason score and PSA, it is possible to identify patients with low risk of seminal vesicles invasion. In this population, seminal vesicles might be excluded as a target volume in radiation therapy of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP and EMI 03-37, Creteil, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porcher
authors.forename: Aristotelis G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Anastasiadis
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Levrel
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De la Taille
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vordos
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicco
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoznek
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chopin
authors.forename: Clement-Claude
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abbou
authors.forename: Jean-Leon
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lagrange
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000473:pathology*