title: Exposure assessment of residents living near a wood treatment plant.
abstract: We report the results of environmental sampling and modeling in a neighborhood adjacent to a wood processing plant. This plant used creosote and pentachlorophenol (PCP) to treat wood for over 70 years. Between 1999 and 2001, environmental samples were obtained to quantify the level of environmental contamination from the wood processing plant. Blood from 10 residents was measured for chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. Soil sediment samples from drainage ditches and attic/dust samples from nearby residents' homes were tested for polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The dioxin congeners analysis of the 10 residents revealed elevated valued for octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin compatible with PCP as the source. The levels of carcinogenic PAHs were higher than background levels and were similar to soil contamination on wood preserving sites. Wipe sampling in the kitchens of 11 homes revealed that 20 of the 33 samples were positive for octachlorinated dioxins with a mean value of 10.27 ng/m2. The soil, ditch samples, and positive wipe samples from the homes indicate a possible ongoing route of exposure to the contaminants in the homes of these residents. Modeled air exposure estimated for the wood processing waste chemicals indicate some air exposure to combustion products. The estimated air levels for benzo(a)pyrene and tetrachlorodibenzodiozin in this neighborhood exceeded the recommended levels for these compounds in some states. The quantitative data presented suggest a significant contamination of a neighborhood by wood processing waste chemicals. These findings suggest the need for more stringent regulations on waste discharges from wood treatment plants.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Medicine, 2811 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 510, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA. dahlgren@envirotoxicology.com
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warshaw
authors.forename: Randy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Horsak
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Harpreet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takhar
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000097:blood*; D002617:Chemical Industry; D003407:Creosote / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D004147:Dioxins / Q000097:blood*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D004391:Dust; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003407:Creosote; D010416:Pentachlorophenol