title: Intralesional Ethibloc injections in primary aneurysmal bone cysts: an efficient and safe treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethibloc is a fibrogenic and thrombogenic agent recently proposed for the treatment of bone cysts. The purpose of this study is to report the results of direct Ethibloc injection in primary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients, aged from 2 to 18 years (mean 8 years), were treated with either a single injection (14 patients) or supplementary injections (3 patients) of Ethibloc. The histological diagnosis was assessed following surgical biopsy and was retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up was 5 years (range 18 months to 11 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 year follow-up, 14 of 17 patients demonstrated complete healing manifest by increased cortical and septal thickening. Surgical excision was required in three patients, in two of whom the ABC increased rapidly in size despite the injection, and in one of whom the healing was incomplete. We observed inflammatory reactions in 16 of 17 patients with local pain and fever. Three patients developed a small cutaneous fistula which resolved spontaneously in a few weeks. No major complications such as deep infection, pulmonary embolism, epiphyseal necrosis or malignant degeneration were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous direct Ethibloc injection is a safe, efficient and noninvasive treatment for ABC. The authors highlight the frequent local reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St. Vincent de Paul Hospital, 82 avenue Denfert Rochereau, 75674 Paris Cedex 14, France. c.adamsbaum@svp.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adamsbaum
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mascard
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guinebretière
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalifa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubousset
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017824:Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015028:Zein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D003973:Diatrizoate; D015028:Zein; C020481:alcoholic prolamine solution