title: Neurotrophic factors can partially reverse morphological changes induced by mepivacaine and bupivacaine in developing sensory neurons.
abstract: Both bupivacaine and mepivacaine induce morphological changes in growing neurons. We designed this study to investigate the role of some neurotrophic factors (NTFs) in supporting developing neurons exposed to the deleterious effects of these drugs. Dorsal root ganglia were isolated from chick embryos and exposed to either bupivacaine or mepivacaine. After 60 min of exposure, the culture media were replaced with fresh culture media free from local anesthetics. NTFs-brain-derived NTF, glial-derived NTF, or neurotrophin-3-were added to the replacement media, and the cells were examined up to 48 h after the washout. The growth cone collapse assay was applied by a quantitative method of assessment. When the replacement media were not supported by any NTF, the growth cone collapse values were significantly larger than the control values at 20 h after the washout of mepivacaine and 48 h after the washout of either bupivacaine or mepivacaine (P < 0.05). However, when any of the NTFs were used, the collapsing activity was significantly attenuated, and growth cone collapse values showed no statistically significant differences in comparison with the control values at these time points (P > 0.05). We conclude that several NTFs support the recovery of neurons after exposure to local anesthetics. The supporting effects of NTFs on the reversibility of mepivacaine-induced collapse tended to be more obvious than those seen after the bupivacaine washout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three neurotrophic factors (NTFs) can partially support the reversibility of mepivacaine- and bupivacaine-induced growth cone collapse in growing primary cultured sensory neurons. The effect of NTFs is more apparent after mepivacaine than after bupivacaine washout.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Reanimatology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Inas A M
authors.initials: IAM
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003470:Culture Media; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020933:Neurotrophin 3 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D003470:Culture Media; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D008619:Mepivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine