title: Plasma thiols and their determinants in phenylketonuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients consists of a phenylalanine-restricted diet supplemented with a tyrosine-, vitamin- and oligoelement-enriched amino-acid mixture. Vitamins and oligoelements may be deficient when compliance with the supplemented special formula is poor. Plasma thiol concentrations (especially homocysteine) depend mainly on B-vitamin intake. Our aim was to evaluate the plasma thiol concentrations (homocysteine, cysteine and glutathione) and their determinants (methionine, cobalamin and folate) in PKU patients under dietary treatment compared with age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study performed in a tertiary care Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  PKU (42) patients under dietary treatment compared with 42 age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma total homocysteine, cysteine and glutathione were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Plasma phenylalanine and methionine were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography. Serum folate and cobalamin were analyzed by radioimmunoassay procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total homocysteine concentrations were significantly lower in the PKU patients compared with the control group (Students t-test; P<0.0001). Serum folate and cobalamin were significantly higher in the PKU group (t-Student; P<0.0001) compared with controls. A significantly negative correlation was observed between total homocysteine and folate (r=-0.378; P=0.016), and between cobalamin and phenylalanine concentrations (r=-0.367; P=0.022) in the PKU group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma total homocysteine values are lower in the PKU group than in the controls, probably because of high folate values. High phenylalanine values, an indicator of poor dietary compliance, are negatively associated with cobalamin, which might be deficient in some cases.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colomé
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artuch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lambruschini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campistol
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vilaseca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003545:Cysteine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000097:blood; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006710:Homocysteine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D005492:Folic Acid; D008715:Methionine; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine; D014805:Vitamin B 12