title: Enhanced binding of Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors mediates the hyperoxia-induced increased expression of the lung type I cell gene T1alpha.
abstract: The transcription factor Sp1 plays an important regulatory role in transactivation of the lung type I cell differentiation gene T1alpha. Like other lung cells, type I cells may encounter changes in oxygen concentration during the lifetime of the organism. We found that exposure of mice to hyperoxia rapidly increases expression of T1alpha and other type I cell genes, and that returning the mice to normoxia quickly decreases expression. Likewise hyperoxia increases both endogenous T1alpha expression in lung epithelial cell lines and transcription of luciferase (Luc) from T1alpha promoter deletion constructs. Using wild-type promoter fragments and gel shift assays, we determined that Sp1/Sp3 and a key Sp cis-element in the proximal promoter mediate the hyperoxic response. Mutations of this element and inhibition of Sp-DNA binding by mithramycin block the hyperoxic response. Western analyses of cell homogenates show that the overall abundance of Sp1 and Sp3 proteins is not altered by hyperoxia. However, the abundance of nuclear Sp1 increases after short hyperoxic exposures, suggesting that signaling pathways activated by hyperoxia lead to Sp protein translocation, perhaps as a result of increased Sp phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001483:Base Sequence; D022461:Caveolins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008926:Plicamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements / Q000502:physiology; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics; D000098853:Podoplanin
chemical_list: D020346:Aquaporins; D022461:Caveolins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008926:Plicamycin; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; C490441:Pdpn protein, mouse; D000098853:Podoplanin; C497122:Sp3 protein, mouse