title: The porcine Ig delta gene: unique chimeric splicing of the first constant region domain in its heavy chain transcripts.
abstract: The pig delta gene is located approximately 3.4 kb downstream of the second transmembrane exon of the micro gene and shows a similar genomic structure to its counterpart in cow with three exons encoding the CH1, CH2, and CH3 domains. The porcine genomic deltaCH1 exon has been replaced by a recent duplication of the micro CH1 and its flanking sequences, a genetic event that also led to the formation of a short switch delta region, immediately upstream of the delta gene. The deltaCH1 exhibits a 98.7% similarity (314 of 318 bp) to the micro CH1 at the DNA level, whereas the homologies between the deltaCH2 and micro CH3, and the deltaCH3 and micro CH4 are only 33.3 and 35.8%, respectively. Either of the two CH1 exons ( micro and delta) could be observed in the expressed porcine IgD H chain cDNA sequences VDJ- micro CH1-H-deltaCH2-deltaCH3 or VDJ-deltaCH1-H-deltaCH2-deltaCH3, showing a pattern that has not been observed previously in vertebrates. In addition, transfection of a human B cell line, using artificial constructs resembling the porcine C micro -Cdelta locus, also generated both VDJ- micro CH1-deltaCH1-H1-deltaCH2 and VDJ -deltaCH1-H1-deltaCH2 transcripts. An examination of the pig delta genomic sequence shows a putative, second hinge region-encoding exon. Due to the lack of a normal branchpoint sequence for RNA splicing, this exon is not present in the normal pig delta cDNA. However, the exon could be spliced into most of the expressed transcripts in vitro in cell transfection experiments after introduction of a single T nucleotide to restore the branchpoint sequence upstream of the putative H2 exon.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. yafe@csb.ki.se
authors.forename: Yaofeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan-Hammarström
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kacskovics
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hammarström
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D027042:Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005091:Exons; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D052058:Hinge Exons; D006801:Humans; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007072:Immunoglobulin D / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007133:Immunoglobulin Joining Region / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007138:Immunoglobulin delta-Chains / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000235:genetics*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007072:Immunoglobulin D; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007133:Immunoglobulin Joining Region; D007138:Immunoglobulin delta-Chains