title: Chloroquine and artemisinin: six decades of research--what next?
abstract: Over the next decade drugs will remain the focus of continuous efforts to control malaria, with a contribution from pharmacogenomic development. Quinine, extracted from Cinchona bark, has been the source for aminoquinoline drugs such as chloroquine; more recently, artemisinin extracted from Artemisia allowed the design of artemisinin mimics containing a trioxane structure. Here, we examine parallels between chloroquine and artemisinin in terms of pharmacological target discovery, mechanism of action and parasite resistance. The widespread use of chloroquine has dramatically reduced its therapeutic response, thus recent strategies are based on artemisinin combinations.
authors.affiliation: Université Lille 2, 1 Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculte de Médecine,1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delhaes
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benoit-Vical
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camus
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capron
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meunier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D017125:Genes, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009154:Mutation; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D002738:Chloroquine; C031327:artemisinin