title: L-arginine protects the mesenteric vascular circulation against cardiopulmonary bypass-induced vascular dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our study was to determine whether addition of the nitric oxide donor l-arginine at reperfusion may prevent the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced vascular alterations in the intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve dogs underwent 90-minute hypothermic CPB. After 60 minutes, the cardiac arrest-treated group (n = 6) received 40 mg/kg intravenous bolus l-arginine, followed by 3 mg/kg/min infusion for 20 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gases, lactate, and glucose were monitored. Reactive hyperemia (RH) in response to superior mesenteric artery ischemia and vasorelaxation to systemically administered vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine [ACH] and sodium nitroprusside) were assessed before and after CPB and defined as percent change of vascular resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, CPB reduced reactive hyperemia (RH) (-26 +/- 15% vs -53 +/- 5%), and the response to ACH (-30 +/- 3% vs -42 +/- 7%). In the treated group, the post-CPB endothelial dysfunction was reversed (-37 +/- 1%, P <.05 vs control group) and RH partially recovered (-34 +/- 4%, P <.05). Administration of l-arginine resulted in a higher mesenteric oxygen delivery, increased nitrite/nitrate production, and lower lactate release from the mesenteric vascular circulation after reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPB disrupts some of the regulatory functions of the endothelial cell in the mesenterium and these are mostly related to nitric oxide unavailability. Systemic supplementation of l-arginine at reperfusion prevents the CPB-induced mesenteric endothelial dysfunction in association with an increased blood distribution and a reduced metabolic impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Terézia Bogdana
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Andrási
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soós
authors.forename: Gellért
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bakos
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stumpf
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blazovics
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabó
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004285:Dogs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008643:Mesentery / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine