title: Investigation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell-based alveolar bone formation: preliminary findings.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based alveolar bone regeneration in a canine alveolar saddle defect model. MSCs were loaded onto hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) matrices. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation demonstrated greater than 75% MSC coverage of the HA/TCP porous surface prior to placement regardless of MSC donor. Matrices, 6 mm x 6 mm x 20 mm, with and without cells, were implanted for 4 and 9 weeks, then removed for histological evaluation of bone formation. Cell-free control matrices were compared with MSC-loaded matrices post implantation. Histomorphometrical analysis showed that equivalent amounts of new bone were formed within the pores of the matrices loaded with autologous MSCs or MSCs from an unrelated donor. Bone formation in the cell-free HA/TCP matrices was less extensive. There was no histologic evidence of an immunological response to autologous MSCs. Surprisingly, allogeneic MSC implantation also failed to provoke an immune response. Analysis of circulating antibody levels against MSCs supported the hypothesis that neither autologous nor allogeneic MSCs induced a systemic response by the host. Analysis of dye-labelled MSCs in histological sections confirmed that the MSCs persisted in the implants throughout the course of the experiment. At 9 weeks, labelled cells were present within the lacunae of newly formed bone. We conclude that autologous and allogeneic MSCs have the capacity to regenerate bone within craniofacial defects.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Ingeborg J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: De Kok
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Archambault
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van den Bos
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadiyala
authors.forename: Ikramuddin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aukhil
authors.forename: Lyndon F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D017886:Durapatite; C018392:tricalcium phosphate