title: Epidermal growth factor enemas with oral mesalamine for mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis or proctitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogenic peptide produced by salivary glands. We examined whether EGF enemas are an effective treatment for active left-sided ulcerative colitis and ulceration limited to the rectum (proctitis).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted at Leicester Royal Infirmary, 12 patients with mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis received daily enemas of 5 microg of EGF in 100 ml of an inert carrier and 12 received daily enemas with carrier alone for 14 days. All also began to receive 1.2 g of oral mesalamine per day or had their dose increased by 1.2 g per day. Patients were assessed clinically at 0, 2, 4, and 12 weeks and by sigmoidoscopy and biopsy at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. The primary end point was disease remission (defined by a St. Marks score of 4 or less without sigmoidoscopic evidence of inflammation) at two weeks. Secondary end points were clinically significant improvements in disease activity (defined by a decrease of more than 3 points in the St. Marks score or the ulcerative colitis disease-activity index) at two and four weeks. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After two weeks, 10 of the 12 patients given EGF enemas were in remission, as compared with 1 of 12 in the control group (83 percent vs. 8 percent, P<0.001). At the 2-week assessment, disease-activity scores, sigmoidoscopic score, and histologic scores were all significantly better in the EGF group than in the placebo group (P<0.01 for all comparisons), and this benefit was maintained at 4 weeks and at 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides preliminary data suggesting that EGF enemas are an effective treatment for active left-sided ulcerative colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berlanga-Acosta
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Playford
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004733:Enema; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011349:Proctitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019804:Mesalamine; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor