title: Effects of routine late-season field operations on numbers of boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) captured in large-capacity pheromone traps.
abstract: Flat and cylindrical adhesive boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), pheromone traps captured significantly more (P < or = 0.05) boll weevils than the Hercon (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA) trap during the late cotton-growing season, and larger adhesive areas were associated with higher captures; a flat plywood board collected the most boll weevils because it had the largest surface area. The flat board trap, chosen for measuring large late-season adult boll weevil populations common to the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in 2000 and 2001, collected more (P < or = 0.05) weevils when deployed in proximity to natural and cultivated perennial vegetation, and mean numbers of captured boll weevils were higher (P < or = 0.0001) on the leeward sides of the board traps than on the windward sides. The board trap had an estimated potential capacity of approximately 27,800 boll weevils, and the large capacity of the board trap allowed for more accurate measurements of large adult boll weevil populations than the more limited Hercon trap. Measurement of adult boll weevil numbers after the routine field operations of defoliation, harvest, shredding, and stalk-pulling, demonstrated that large populations of boll weevils persist in cotton fields even after the cotton crop has been destroyed. Increases (P < or = 0.05) in the percentage variation of trapped boll weevils relative to the numbers collected just before each field operation were observed after defoliation, harvest, shredding, and stalk-pulling, but the percentage variations followed a quadratic pattern with significant correlation (P < 0.0001; 0.59 < adjusted r2 < 0.73). Numbers of adult boll weevils caught on board traps deployed at 15.24-m intervals on windward and leeward edges of cotton fields suggested that boll weevil populations in flight after field disturbances might be affected by large-capacity trapping.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS SARC, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Allan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Showler
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D003368:Gossypium / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones