title: Temperature shift coordinately changes the activity and the methylation state of transposon Tam3 in Antirrhinum majus.
abstract: The transposition frequency of Tam3 in Antirrhinum majus, unlike that of most other cut-and-paste-type transposons, is tightly controlled by temperature: Tam3 transposes rarely at 25 degrees C, but much more frequently at 15 degrees C. Here, we studied the mechanism of the low-temperature-dependent transposition (LTDT) of Tam3. Our results strongly suggest that LTDT is not likely to be due to either transcriptional regulation or posttranscriptional regulation of the Tam3 TPase gene. We found that temperature shift induced a remarkable change of the methylation state unique to Tam3 sequences in the genome: Higher temperature resulted in hypermethylation, whereas lower temperature resulted in reduced methylation. The methylation state was reversible within a single generation in response to a temperature shift. Although our data demonstrate a close link between LTDT and the methylation of Tam3, they also suggest that secondary factor(s) other than DNA methylation is involved in repression of Tam3 transposition.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-nosuke
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hashida
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kishima
mesh_terms: D032161:Antirrhinum / Q000235:genetics*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018744:DNA, Plant