title: The influence of orthodontic bracket base design on shear bond strength.
abstract: Many bracket base designs and adhesive materials are in clinical use today. Bases have evolved from perforated metal bases to the present foil mesh bases, and treatments range from none, to spraying metal alloy onto the base, to the most common treatment of microetching. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of orthodontic bracket base design on mean shear bond strength 1 hour or 24 hours after bonding. For each time group, 12 specimens of 6 types of metal brackets were bonded to bovine incisors with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) light-cured composite resin. Brackets were debonded 1 hour or 24 hours later, and the shear bond strength was recorded. Six debonded brackets of each type from each time group were selected at random and sandblasted. All the teeth were cleaned, and half were rebonded with used brackets, and half were rebonded with new brackets. Bond strength was measured again, 1 hour or 24 hours later. Representative specimens were inspected under the scanning electron microscope. Bracket base design significantly affected mean shear bond strength. Speed (60-gauge, microetched foil-mesh base; Strite Industries, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada) had the highest bond strength at 1 hour; followed by Time (machined, integral, microetched base with mechanical undercuts; American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wis); American Master Series (80-gauge foil-mesh base; American Orthodontics); Ovation Roth (80-gauge layered onto 150-gauge, microetched foil-mesh base; GAC, Central Islip, NY); Orthos Optimesh XRT (100-gauge microetched foil-mesh base; Ormco, Orange, Calif); and, finally, the nickel-free brackets (injection molded, 100-gauge, microetched, foil-mesh base; World Class Technology, McMinnville, Ore). The 24-hour results were similar except that Time had the highest mean shear bond strength (ANOVA, P <.05). Chairside sandblasting significantly affected the 1-hour, but not the 24-hour, mean shear bond strengths (ANOVA, P <.05). Sandblasting appears to be an effective method of cleaning bracket bases before rebonding.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Seema K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma-Sayal
authors.forename: P Emile
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rossouw
authors.forename: Gajanan V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Keith C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Titley
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017005:Dental Debonding; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D019279:Resin Cements; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide