title: Induction of apoptosis by carboplatin and hyperthermia alone or combined in WERI human retinoblastoma cells.
abstract: This paper investigated the induction of apoptosis and perturbation of cell cycle progression caused by carboplatin (CPt) and hyperthermia alone or combined in WERI human retinoblastoma cells in vitro. An incubation of the cells with 25 or 50 microm of CPt at 37 degrees C caused apoptosis, which progressively increased during the 24-72 h treatment. Hyperthermia at 42.5 degrees C for 1 h induced apoptosis, which became significant from 24 h after the heating. Heating the cells in the presence of CPt and subsequent incubation with CPt was far more effective than treating the cells with hyperthermia or CPt treatment alone in inducing apoptosis in the WERI cells, indicating that the combination of these two modalities is potentially useful for the treatment of retinoblastoma. It appeared that the apoptosis in WERI cells caused by hyperthermia and CPt occurs during G1 phase. An interesting observation was that caspase 9 activation preceded the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria during apoptosis in WERI cells, contrary to the general notion that caspase 9 is activated by cytochrome C.
authors.affiliation: University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 388-1 Pungnap-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D045304:Cytochromes c; D016190:Carboplatin; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases