title: Trace ion analysis of seawater by capillary electrophoresis: determination of iodide using transient isotachophoretic preconcentration.
abstract: An improved transient isotachophoresis (tITP) procedure for the preconcentration of iodide from highly saline matrices was developed with the objective to quantify iodide in seawater by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The procedure takes advantage of introducing cetyltrimethylammonium chloride into the high-sodium chloride background electrolyte, which due to a specific interaction with iodide amended placement of the analyte at a large distance from the matrix chloride (the latter performed the role of a leading anion). Computer simulation showed that 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonate could be adopted as a suitable terminating ion to enable isotachophoretic focusing at the beginning of the CE run. Under optimized tITP conditions, the sensitivity response of iodide was improved by a factor of 140 over normal CE mode. This allowed for direct UV detection of as low as 0.6 microg/L iodide and made feasible CE analysis of undiluted surface seawater samples where iodide was found at a 30 microg/L level. The applicability of the proposed tITP-CE method could apparently be extended to the determination of other trace seawater anions (e.g., iodate).
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan. hiro77@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Andrei R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Timerbaev
mesh_terms: D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D003198:Computer Simulation; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007454:Iodides / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007454:Iodides; D000077286:Cetrimonium