title: [Regional epidemiology of chronic nephropathies: referral to nephrologist and initiation of dialysis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The epidemiology of pre-dialysis chronic nephropathies (CN) in well-defined contexts is essential to prevent delays in delivering appropriate care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The registration of consecutive patients in seven out-patient and four in-patient dialysis centers of Basilicata (2001) formed a retrospective study on clinical charts and dialysis registers integrated with ad hoc data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Newly observed outpatients (I) numbered 328; prevalent patients (P) numbered 343. The age and gender of both I and P patients was similar (males: 60%, age media: 67 yr). In 316 I patients with creatinine (mean Cr: 2.3 mg/dL), the mean filtration rate (GFR) was 40.9 mL/min/1.73 m2: 13.6% were in advanced stage (S5) of GFR (<15 mL/min), 23.4% in S4/severe (15-29), 45.6% in S3/moderate (30-59), 10.8% in S2/mild (60-89), and 6.6% in S1 (>90). When compared to I patients, P patients had a mean GFR of 35.0 mL/min; S4+S5 was 48% (vs. 37%); hypertension 68% (vs. 58%); vasculopathies 15% (vs. 10%); coronary disease 10% (vs. 4%); erythropoietin 13% (vs. 7%); and low-protein diet 34% (vs. 20%) (p<0.01). Of 316 I patients, 117 in S5+S4 ('late referral' 37%) had a (mean) GFR of 18.4 mL/min, Cr 3.7 mg/dL, and were aged 70 yrs (vs. 64 yrs for 'early referral'). Of 53 new patients on dialysis, 26 (49%) were seen for the first time <6 months prior to starting (mean age: 71 yr vs. 62; female 58% vs. 26%; complications 50% vs. 17%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, age-related factors are associated with late referral. Although sociodemographic variables depend on local contexts, these results are consistent with similar international studies. Social and cultural factors may influence physicians to postpone referring patients to a nephrologist, independently of clinical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Politiche Sanitarie, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Clinica ed Epidemiologia, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, S.Maria Imbaro (CH). vitullo@negrisud.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vitullo
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Casino
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Di Candia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gaudiano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Procida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ianuzziello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bombini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bellizzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaudiano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pampalloni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies