title: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with the Amplatzer asymmetric ventricular septal defect occluder: preliminary experience in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To close perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PMVSDs) in children with the new Amplatzer asymmetric ventricular septal defect occluder (AAVSDO).
  
  
  METHODS
  10 children, aged 1.5-12 years, with PMVSDs underwent transcatheter closure with the AAVSDO. The device consists of two low profile disks made of Nitinol wire mesh with a 1.5 mm connecting waist. The left disk is 5 mm towards the apex and only 0.5 mm towards the aortic valve. The right disk is 4 mm larger than the waist. The prosthesis diameter was chosen to be 1-2 mm larger than the largest diameter of the defect (determined by transoesophageal echocardiography and angled angiocardiography). A 7-8 French gauge sheath was used to deliver the AAVSDO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PMVSD diameter ranged from 2-8 mm. The device diameter ranged from 4-8 mm. After deployment of the prosthesis there was no residual shunt in 9 of 10 patients (90%). In one patient there was a trivial residual shunt that disappeared at the three month follow up. Three patients developed transient complete left bundle branch block. No other complications were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AAVSDO appears to be a promising device for transcatheter closure of PMVSDs in children. Further studies are required to document its efficacy, safety, and long term results in a larger patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. vasiliosthanopoulos@usa.net
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Thanopoulos
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Tsaousis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karanasios
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Eleftherakis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paphitis
mesh_terms: D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*