title: Soy isoflavones prevent ovariectomy-induced atherosclerotic lesions in Golden Syrian hamster model of postmenopausal hyperlipidemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Soy isoflavones, as dietary supplements, may reduce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions that increase in women after menopause. The objectives of this study were to determine whether (1) ovariectomized (ovx) hamsters will develop atherosclerotic lesions and (2) soy isoflavones can dose-dependently prevent the ovariectomy-induced rise in plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesions in hamsters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two 6-month-old female Golden Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned to six groups: sham-operated; ovx control; ovx + 17beta-estradiol (E(2); 10 microg E(2) per kilogram of body weight); and ovx + 9.5 (low-dose), 19 (medium-dose), or 38 (high-dose) mg isoflavones per kilogram diet. Treatments were initiated immediately after surgery and continued for 120 days. Blood was drawn via abdominal aorta for assessment of circulating lipids, and tissues were collected, including the aortic arch for assessment of atherosclerotic lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three doses of isoflavones prevented the rise in plasma total cholesterol from ovx; and, as the isoflavone dose increases, the cholesterol-lowering effects of isoflavones become more pronounced (7.8%, 11.8%, and 19.6% reductions in total cholesterol for low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose, respectively). Ovx hamsters developed atherosclerotic lesions without being on an atherogenic diet. Ninety-two percent of hamsters in the ovx control group had atherosclerotic lesions compared with only 8% in sham, 62% in the E(2) group, 29% in the low-dose group, 38% in the medium-dose group, and 58% in the high-dose group. The aortic fatty streak area was approximately 20 times higher in ovx hamsters compared with the sham animals. All doses of isoflavones were able to significantly reduce fatty streak area to that of the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soy isoflavones, independent of the protein source, prevent hypercholesterolemia and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions induced by ovarian hormone deficiency in hamsters. The antiatherogenic mechanisms of isoflavones need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Edralin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Stanley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Latha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Devareddy
authors.forename: Dania A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Bruce P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Daggy
authors.forename: Do Y
authors.initials: do Y
authors.lastname: Soung
authors.forename: Bahram H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Arjmandi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011897:Random Allocation; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D008055:Lipids; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol