title: Replication complex of human parechovirus 1.
abstract: The parechoviruses differ in many biological properties from other picornaviruses, and their replication strategy is largely unknown. In order to identify the viral RNA replication complex in human parechovirus type 1 (HPEV-1)-infected cells, we located viral protein and RNA in correlation to virus-induced membrane alterations. Structural changes in the infected cells included a disintegrated Golgi apparatus and disorganized, dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which had lost its ribosomes. Viral plus-strand RNA, located by electron microscopic (EM) in situ hybridization, and the viral protein 2C, located by EM immunocytochemistry were found on clusters of small vesicles. Nascent viral RNA, visualized by 5-bromo-UTP incorporation, localized to compartments which were immunocytochemically found to contain the viral protein 2C and the trans-Golgi marker 1,4-galactosyltransferase. Protein 2C was immunodetected additionally on altered ER membranes which displayed a complex network-like structure devoid of cytoskeletal elements and with no apparent involvement in viral RNA replication. This protein also exhibited membrane binding properties in an in vitro assay. Our data suggest that the HPEV-1 replication complex is built up from vesicles carrying a Golgi marker and forming a structure different from that of replication complexes induced by other picornaviruses.
authors.affiliation: Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. camilla.krogerus@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krogerus
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Samuilova
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyypiä
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bienz
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C076023:2C protein, viral