title: Oral health and related factors in cystic fibrosis and other chronic respiratory disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of dental caries, dental calculus, and enamel defects in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and children with other chronic respiratory disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional observational survey. One examiner (AN) undertook oral examinations to assess dental caries, periodontal health, and enamel defects in children attending respiratory outpatient clinics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 74 patients with CF (35 male; mean age 10.7 years, range 2.5-16.5) were compared with a control group of 106 patients with other chronic respiratory disorders (52 male; mean age 9.1 years, range 3.0-16.5). There were significantly more defects of enamel in the permanent teeth of CF patients, compared with the teeth of those children with other chronic respiratory disorders. In addition, non-significant trends towards a lower caries prevalence in both dentitions, increased numbers of sextants with calculus deposits, and a reduced number of healthy gingival sextants were observed in the patients with cystic fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enamel defects, particularly enamel opacities, which can be disfiguring, are more common in CF patients. Early, regular dental visits may prevent such defects becoming dentally disabling and would also permit the removal of dental calculus deposits. The use of long term antibiotics and pancreatic enzymes may confer some protection against the development and progression of dental caries in patients with cystic fibrosis. The inclusion of a specialist paediatric dentist, as part of the multiprofessional team managing the care of these children, would be an advantage.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne. asheilanarang@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000209:etiology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data