title: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and shunt infections in children with non-tumour hydrocephalus at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study infections complicating ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery in children with non-tumour hydrocephalus at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi between January 1982 and December 1991.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and forty five patients who underwent V-P shunt placement for non-tumour hydrocephalus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and forty five patients underwent V-P shunt placement for non-tumour hydrocephalus. There were 107 infection episodes involving 85 patients. The ages of these patients ranged from three months to 12 years. Most of the patients had congenital hydrocephalus. The infection rate was high (24.6%) although comparable to infection rates reported for clean surgery in the hospital. Fever, septic wounds and features of shunt malfunction were the main presenting features. Bacteriological studies confirmed Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci as the two most commonly isolated micro-organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasises need to reduce infection rate in ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery at the Kenyatta National Hospital. Definitive surgical treatment for hydrocephalus was in most cases delayed and this problem was also observed during revision of infected shunts. Late presentation was often due to ignorance and the fact that many patients went for traditional forms of treatment first before going to hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mwang'ombe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omulo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data