title: Cross-calibration of GE/Lunar pencil and fan-beam dual energy densitometers--bone mineral density and body composition studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro and in vivo comparisons of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition between GE/Lunar pencil (DPXL) and fan-beam (PRODIGY) absorptiometers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) and area of lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck and total body. Total body composition compartments tissue (TBTissue), fat (TBF), lean tissue (TBLean) and %TBF were also compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Centre for Bone and Body Composition Research, University of Leeds. PHANTOMS/SUBJECTS: A range of spine phantoms, a variable composition phantom (VCP) and total body phantom. A total of 72 subjects were included for the in vivo study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro: A small significant underestimation of BMD by the Prodigy compared to the DPXL ranging from 0.7 to 2% (p<0.05-0.001) for the spine phantoms. The Prodigy underestimated the VCP %Fat. Although the Prodigy underestimated phantom TBBMD by 1.1+/-1.0%, TBBMC and area were reduced by 8.2+/-1.4 and 7.3+/-1.0%, respectively. The Prodigy overestimated TBTissue 1508 g (2.2%), TBLean 588 g (1.2%), TBF 919 g (4.8%) and %TBF (0.8%). In vivo: BMD cross-calibration was only required in the femoral neck, DPXL(BMD)=0.08+0.906*PRODIGY(BMD). The Prodigy had higher estimates for TBTissue 1360 g (2.3%), TBLean 840 g (2.0%), TBF 519 g (3.4%), TBBMC 32.8 g (1.3%) and %TBF (0.3%). Cross-calibration equations were required for TBTissue(DPXL)=-1158+0.997*TBTissue(PRODIGY) and TBBMC(DPXL)= 89.7+0.949*TBBMC(PRODIGY).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small differences between the two absorptiometers for both BMD and body composition can be made compatible by use of cross-calibration equations and factors. The discrepancy in body composition compartments requires further research.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bone and Body Composition Research, University of Leeds, UK. bo@medphysics.leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oldroyd
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Truscott
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D002138:Calibration; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging