title: Effects of experimental anemia on blood ion and acid-base status of turtles during submergence in aerated water at 3 degrees C.
abstract: The importance of blood hemoglobin to aquatic oxygen uptake by turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) submerged in aerated water at 3 degrees C was tested by comparing the responses of anemic turtles (hematocrit approximately 6%) to turtles with normal hematocrits (hematocrit approximately 33%). All turtles were submerged for 42 days and blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 21, 32 and 42 days. Blood was analyzed for pH, PCO(2), PO(2), hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and plasma was analyzed for concentrations of lactate, glucose, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Plasma [HCO(3)(-)] was calculated. [Hb] correlated closely with hematocrit levels. [Lactate] reached higher final values in anemic turtles (34.5+/-5.3 mmol l(-1)) than in normal turtles (14.5+/-4.6 mmol l(-1)) indicating a greater reliance of the anemic animals on anaerobic metabolism. Both groups compensated for acidosis by reduced PCO(2) and anemic turtles also had increased [Ca(2+)] and [Mg(2+)]. Blood pH fell significantly in the anemic turtles but not in the controls. Although the data indicate that the anemic turtles relied more on anaerobic metabolism than the controls, the effect was much less than expected on the basis of the reduced blood O(2) carrying capacity. Possible compensatory mechanisms utilized by the anemic turtles to minimize anaerobic metabolism are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Box G, Providence, RI 02912, USA. donald_jackson@brown.edu
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Denniston
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000388:Air; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006400:Hematocrit; D006605:Hibernation / Q000502:physiology; D007101:Immersion; D007477:Ions / Q000097:blood*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D010949:Plasma; D014426:Turtles; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007477:Ions; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium