title: Investigation of melt agglomeration process with a hydrophobic binder in combination with sucrose stearate.
abstract: The melt agglomeration process of lactose powder with hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCO) as the hydrophobic meltable binder was investigated by studying the physicochemical properties of molten HCO modified by sucrose stearates S170, S770 and S1570. The size, size distribution, micromeritic and adhesion properties of agglomerates as well as surface tension, contact angle, viscosity and specific volume of molten HCO, with and without sucrose stearates, were examined. The viscosity, specific volume and surface tension of molten HCO were found to be modified to varying extents by sucrose stearates which are available in different HLB values and melt properties. The growth of melt agglomerates was promoted predominantly by an increase in viscosity, an increase in specific volume or a decrease in surface tension of the molten binding liquid. The agglomerate growth propensity was higher with an increase in inter-particulate binding strength, agglomerate surface wetness and extent of agglomerate consolidation which enhanced the liquid migration from agglomerate core to periphery leading to an increased surface plasticity for coalescence. The inclusion of high concentrations of completely meltable sucrose stearate S170 greatly induced the growth of agglomerates through increased specific volume and viscosity of the molten binding liquid. On the other hand, the inclusion of incompletely meltable sucrose stearates S770 and S1570 promoted the agglomeration mainly via the reduction in surface tension of the molten binding liquid with declining agglomerate growth propensity at high sucrose stearate concentrations. In addition to being an agglomeration modifier, sucrose stearate demonstrated anti-adherent property in melt agglomeration process. The properties of molten HCO and melt agglomerates were dependent on the type and concentration of sucrose stearate added.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore. phapaulh@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Paul Wan Sia
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: Tin Wui
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Wai See
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Cheong
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000465:Algorithms; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003369:Cottonseed Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D006865:Hydrogenation; D007785:Lactose; D010316:Particle Size; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013500:Surface Tension; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D005079:Excipients; C018153:sucrose monostearate; D013395:Sucrose; D007785:Lactose