title: Psychosocial impact of serological diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 2: a qualitative assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the emotional and psychosocial responses to a serological diagnosis of HSV-2 infection in individuals without previous history of genital herpes.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 individuals who had a positive HSV-2 serology by western blot and no clinical history of disease were recruited from four clinics (sexually transmitted disease, maternal and infant care, family medicine, and virology research) over a 10 month period. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted to elicit an individual's responses to the HSV-2 diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three categories of themes were identified from the interviews. Short term emotional responses included surprise, denial, confusion, distress, sadness, disappointment, and relief to know. Short term psychosocial responses included fear of telling sex partners, anger at the source partner, guilt about acquiring or transmitting, and concern about transmitting to a child. Perceived ongoing responses included fear of telling future partners, concern about transmitting to a sex partner, feeling sexually undesirable, feeling socially stigmatised, feeling like "damaged goods," sex avoidance due to social responsibility, fear of transmitting to a newborn, and relationship concerns relating to the diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals exhibit strong emotional and psychosocial responses to a serological diagnosis of HSV-2 infection. Many of the negative responses may be time limited and influenced by factors that are potentially amenable to counselling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-6460, USA. jmelvi@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melville
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sniffen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dithmer-Schreck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiClemente
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012944:Social Support; D013240:Stereotyping; D014342:Truth Disclosure