title: How do tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) understand causality involved in tool use?
abstract: Four tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were trained to choose from 2 hook-like tools, 1 of which successfully led to collecting food, whereas the other did not because of inappropriate spatial arrangement of the tool and the food. In Experiment 1, all of the monkeys successfully learned the basic task. The monkeys performed successfully with tools of novel colors and shapes in Experiments 2-5. These results demonstrate that the monkeys used the spatial arrangement of the tool and the food as a cue. However, they failed when there were obstacles (Experiment 6) or traps (Experiment 7) on the path along which the monkeys dragged tools. These results may suggest that capuchin monkeys understand the spatial relationship between 2 items, namely, food and the tool, but do not understand the spatial relationship among 3 items, namely, food, tool, and the environmental condition. The possible role of stimulus generalization is also considered.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. kfujita@bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Hika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuroshima
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior; D002428:Cebus / Q000523:psychology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003210:Concept Formation; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012931:Social Environment