title: Use of physiological responses in Mytilus trossulus as integrative bioindicators of sewage pollution.
abstract: Mussels, Mytilus trossulus (average shell length 43+/-0.8 mm), were sampled from a beach in Alaska that received untreated sewage for several years, a second beach adjacent to a secondary wastewater outfall, and two nearby reference beaches. Survival time in air, byssal thread production rate, and prevalence of trematode parasites were determined for each group. Tolerances to aerial exposure was significantly lower (P<0.05) at both sewage outfall sites than at the reference sites. Mussels exposed to untreated sewage produced fewer byssal threads and had a significantly higher prevalence of encysted trematodes than mussels from the other beaches, including the secondary wastewater site. Survival in air, byssal thread production, and trematode prevalence in mussels may be useful indicators in evaluating the longterm health of beaches exposed to sewage.
authors.affiliation: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratory, Juneau, AK 99801, USA. adam.moles@noaa.gov
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moles
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D012722:Sewage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014200:Trematoda / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012722:Sewage; D014873:Water Pollutants