title: Cellular IL-10 is more effective than viral IL-10 in decreasing venous thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic administration of cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10) and gene transfection of viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10) at thrombus induction decreases vein wall inflammation. Only cIL-10, despite sharing an 84% amino acid sequence homology with vIL-10, decreases thrombosis through mechanisms yet to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus, n99) were studied. Inferior vena caval thrombosis was created by inferior vena caval ligation and the animals were sacrificed and evaluated at days 2 and 6 after ligation. At thrombus induction groups received intravenous 0.25 microg of cIL-10, 0.25 microg of vIL-10, or saline (untreated controls). Evaluations included thrombus mass and vein wall leukocyte counts, protein levels, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction mRNA levels of P- and E-selectin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and IL-10. Groups were compared by analysis of variance and t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less thrombus was noted at both days 2 and 6 in animals treated with cIL-10. At day 2 only, vein wall leukocyte counts revealed a significant decrease in neutrophils in cIL-10 animals versus controls, with no significant differences for vIL-10 animals. In cIL-10-treated animals, P-selectin protein levels were decreased at day 6, along with a decreased thrombus mass, without significant differences in E-selectin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, or IL-10 protein levels. vIL-10 treated animals showed increased E-selectin mRNA and thrombus mass versus controls on day 6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  cIL-10 is more antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory than vIL-10. This may be the result of cIL-10 decreasing P-selectin protein expression and vIL-10 increasing E-selectin mRNA levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Jobst Vascular Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ddmyers@umich.edu
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Angela E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Shirley K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wrobleski
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Henke
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wakefield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D014764:Viral Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10