title: Prescribing for inpatients with schizophrenia: an international multi-center comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compares prescription practices for acute inpatients with schizophrenia among six academic departments located in China, Japan, Hungary, and the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prescription data for a sample of 429 inpatients from six academic departments were collected on a randomly chosen census day. All patients met criteria for schizophrenia according to DSM-IV and had a length of illness of at least two years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While patients at the different centers varied in their demographic and clinical characteristics, i. e., age, sex, and length of illness, a great variation in prescription patterns for antipsychotic and other psychotropic drugs among centers was observed even within the same country for all the variables studied (i. e., number and dose antipsychotics, atypical and depot antipsychotics, other psychotropic drugs, multiple antipsychotics, and daily dose) except antidepressant use. In most cases these differences persisted even after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics (age, sex, and length of illness) of the subjects. Antipsychotics were usually prescribed in divided daily doses in combination with one or more other psychotropic drugs, including anticholinergics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Anticholinergic use was more common with typical antipsychotics. Rates of atypical antipsychotic drug use were lowest in the Japanese center. The Japanese center had by far the highest mean daily dose of antipsychotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that prescription patterns in different centers do not follow any specific guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia. The results also confirm previous findings that prescribing practices for schizophrenia vary greatly among centers and countries. A common prescribing pattern found was the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs in combination with psychotropic drugs, such as anticholinergics, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines, administered in multiple daily doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bitter
authors.forename: J C-Y
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwanami
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaszner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008094:Lithium