title: Interventional treatment of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemangioendothelioma is the most frequent liver tumor in infancy. Untreated symptomatic patients with heart failure have a high mortality rate. Symptomatic forms may request nonoperative treatment, because surgery is burdened with high risks in patients with heart failure. The authors report their experience with interventional coil occlusion of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients (age range, 2 to 146 days; mean, 53 days) suffering from IHE associated with heart failure were treated by endovascular coil occlusion of arterial feeders. Catheter intervention was performed via an arterial (n = 2) or venous (n = 2) approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Signs of heart failure resolved within 2 to 8 days after occlusion in 3 patients. Tumor regression could be observed sonographically within 4 weeks postinterventionally. In 3 children, tumor size was reduced from a mean of 544 mL (65 to 1,350) to a mean of 4 mL (2 to 6); Mean systolic peak velocity in the hepatic artery was decreased from 170 cm/s (140 to 200) before occlusion to 45 cm/s (36 to 70) during follow-up. In the fourth patient, endovascular intervention could not control a rapidly progressing hemangioendotheliomatosis, and finally a liver transplantation had to be performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventional occlusion of feeding arteries in symptomatic IHE is a safe and effective alternative to early open surgery. The efficacy of endovascular intervention in multifocal tumors seems questionable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kardorff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasse
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hausdorf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011859:Radiography; D017211:Treatment Failure