title: Burden of cardiovascular disease in Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This report updates the death estimates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Canada and introduces a population-based perspective on disease prevalence and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Canadian Mortality Database was used to estimate the mortality of men and women in different age groups for the 139 Canadian health regions from 1950 to 1999. Heart disease prevalence and its impact on HRQOL were estimated using the 2000-2001 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Life table techniques were used to estimate the impact of heart disease on life and health expectancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although CVD remains the leading cause of death in Canada, between 1950 and 1999 the death rates from CVD dropped from 702 per 100,000 to 288 per 100,000 men, and from 562 per 100,000 to 175 per 100,000 women. Results from the CCHS indicated that 5.4% of men and 4.6% of women reported having heart disease as diagnosed by a medical professional. Of these individuals, 14% of men and 21% of women reported difficulty ambulating - about six times more than people without heart disease. In total, 4.5 years of life expectancy and 2.8 years of health expectancy were lost due to CVD. The study also found large differences in the burden of CVD among men and women and across the 139 Canadian health regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVD is a major disease burden in terms of both mortality and HRQOL and is an important source of health inequalities between populations in Canada. Any attempt to improve the health of Canadians or to reduce health inequalities should include interventions to reduce CVD mortality and morbidity. Given the present impact of CVD on HRQOL, reducing or eliminating heart disease may potentially result in an increase in life expectancy that will be larger than the gains in health expectancy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. doug.manuel@ices.on.ca
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tanuseputro
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life