title: Subgingival microflora in Turkish patients with periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No information exists on periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota from Turkey. We determined the occurrence, interspecies relationships, and clonal characteristics for a group of periodontal bacteria in a Turkish study population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgingival microbial samples were obtained from patients with localized (LAgP, N = 18) or generalized (GAgP, N = 17) types of aggressive periodontitis, generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP, N = 14), and non-periodontitis subjects (N = 20). Culture methods were used to recover 6 periodontal bacterial species and yeasts, and a polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Intraspecies characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans was carried out by serotyping and genotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All species, except for Micromonas micros (formerly Peptostreptococcus micros) occurred more frequently (P < 0.05) in periodontitis than non-periodontitis subjects. Detection frequencies for Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) and Campylobacter rectus differed among the periodontitis subgroups; the lowest frequency occurred in LAgP. The mean proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and C. rectus were higher (P < 0.008) in GAgP than in non-periodontitis subjects. Significant positive associations were seen between 7 of the 22 possible combinations (P < 0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c (34%) and non-serotypeable isolates (34%) were the most common antigenic types among the 305 strains analyzed. Eleven arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR genotypes were distinguished among 273 isolates from 29 subjects. Yeasts were found in 23% of the 69 subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results on the Turkish study population were generally in line with earlier reports on the occurrence and interspecies relationships of certain bacteria in periodontitis. However, A. actinomycetemcomitans was not overrepresented in LAgP, and the serotype distribution resembled that reported from the East. The high frequency of non-serotypeable isolates suggests local characteristics of the species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey. basak.dogan@superonline.com
authors.forename: Başak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antinheimo
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cetiner
authors.forename: Ayşen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bodur
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emingil
authors.forename: Eralp
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uygur
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Firatli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lakio
authors.forename: Sirkka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asikainen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000145:classification; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000145:classification; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012703:Serotyping; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014421:Turkey