title: Anti-migratory and anti-invasive effect of somatostatin in human neuroblastoma cells: involvement of Rac and MAP kinase activity.
abstract: Cell motility and invasion are crucial events for the spread of cancer and, consequently, the metastatic process. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is not only capable of stimulating the proliferation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, but also their migration and invasion through an extracellular matrix barrier. Experiments using wortmannin and PD98059, specific inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK 1 and 2) signaling, respectively, show that the activation of both pathways is required for the PDGF-induced cell motility responses. We have previously shown that somatostatin inhibits cell division and ERK 1/2 and Ras activity in SH-SY5Y cells. We report here that it is also capable of potently and effectively inhibiting their PDGF-stimulated migration and invasion. The inhibitory effect of somatostatin is sensitive to pertussis toxin. Although somatostatin does not affect PI3-K, it inhibits ERK 1/2 and the small G-protein Rac activation and ruffle formation induced by PDGF. These results indicate that somatostatin can be considered an anti-migratory and anti-invasive agent that acts by inhibiting ERK 1/2 signaling and the PI3-K pathway via the inhibition of Rac in SHSY5Y cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: Lucia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vicentini
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077191:Wortmannin; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D013004:Somatostatin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000077191:Wortmannin