title: Outreach pharmacy service in old age homes: a Hong Kong experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To explore drug-related problems in old age homes in Hong Kong through outreach pharmacy service.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standard form was used by outreach pharmacists to identify drug-related problems at old age homes. Homes were selected through random sampling, voluntary participation or adverse selection. Initial observation and assessment were performed in the first and second weeks. Appropriate advice and recommendations were given upon assessment and supplemented by a written report. Educational talks were provided to staff of the homes in addition to other drug information materials. At week 7 to 9, evaluations were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five homes were assessed and identified to have problems in the drug management system. These problems could generally be classified into physical storage (8.8%), quality of storage (19.2%), drug administration system (13.3%), documentation (16.4%), and drug knowledge of staff of homes (42.2%). Quality of drug storage was the most common problem found, followed by documentation and drug knowledge (73%, 50% and 44% of points assessed with problems, respectively). Apart from lack of drug knowledge and unawareness of potential risks by staff, minimal professional standards unmet may be fundamentally related to lack of professional input and inadequacy in legislation. Most homes demonstrated significant improvements upon simple interventions, from a majority of homes with more than 10 problems to a majority with less than 5 problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diverse problems in drug management are common in old age homes, which warrants attention and professional inputs. Simple interventions and education by pharmacists are shown to be effective in improving the quality of drug management and hence care to residents. While future financing of old age home service can be reviewed within the social context to provide incentives for improvement, review of regulatory policy with enforcement may be more fundamental and effective in upholding the service standard.
authors.affiliation: Professional & Clinical Service Development Section, Chief Pharmacist Office, Hospital Authority Head Office, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong. lauwm@ha.org.hk
authors.forename: Wai-Man
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Tsz-Ho
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.forename: Anna See-Wing
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services