title: Comparison of effects of MgCl2 and Gpp(NH)p on antagonist and agonist radioligand binding to adenosine A1 receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate modulation of antagonist and agonist binding to adenosine A1 receptors by MgCl2 and 5 -guanylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) using rat brain membranes and the A1 antagonist [3H]-8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]DPCPX) and the A1 agonist [3H]-2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine ([3H]CCPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Parallel saturation and inhibition studies were performed using well-characterised radioligand binding assays and a Brandel Cell Harvester.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MgCl2 produced a concentration-dependent decrease (44%), whereas Gpp(NH)p increased [3H]DPCPX binding (19%). In [3H]DPCPX competition studies, agonist affinity was 1.5-14.6-fold higher and 4.6-10-fold lower in the presence of 10 mmol/L MgCl2 and 10 micromol/L Gpp(NH)p respectively; antagonist affinity was unaffected. The decrease in agonist affinity with increasing Gpp(NH)p concentrations was due to a reduction in the proportion of binding to the high affinity receptor state. In contrast to [3H]DPCPX, MgCl2 produced a concentration-dependent increase (72%) and Gpp(NH)p a decrease (85%) in [3H]CCPA binding. Using [3H]CCPA, agonist affinities were 5-17-fold higher than those for [3H]DPCPX, consistent with binding only to the high affinity receptor state. Agonist affinity was 1.3-10.5-fold higher and 2.4-4.7-fold lower on adding MgCl2 or Gpp(NH)p respectively; antagonist affinities were as for [3H]DPCPX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inconsistencies surrounding the effects of MgCl2 and guanine nucleotides on radioligand binding to adenosine A1 receptors were systematically examined. The effects of MgCl2 and Gpp(NH)p on agonist binding to A1 receptors are consistent with their roles in stimulating GTP-hydrolysis at the G-protein alpha-subunit and in blocking formation of the high affinity agonist-receptor-G protein complex.
authors.affiliation: Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Level 6, Appleton Tower, Crichton Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9LE, UK. Keith.Finlayson@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maemoto
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Olverman
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D058907:Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015636:Magnesium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058907:Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D014970:Xanthines; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; C058394:2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; D000241:Adenosine