title: Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux: long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report long-term follow-up results of endovenous laser treatment for great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux caused by saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) incompetence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred ninety-nine GSVs in 423 subjects with varicose veins were treated over a 3-year period with 810-nm diode laser energy delivered percutaneously into the GSV via a 600- micro m fiber. Tumescent anesthesia (100-200 mL of 0.2% lidocaine) was delivered perivenously under ultrasound (US) guidance. Patients were evaluated clinically and with duplex US at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and yearly thereafter to assess treatment efficacy and adverse reactions. Compression sclerotherapy was performed in nearly all patients at follow-up for treatment of associated tributary varicose veins and secondary telangiectasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful occlusion of the GSV, defined as absence of flow on color Doppler imaging, was noted in 490 of 499 GSVs (98.2%) after initial treatment. One hundred thirteen of 121 limbs (93.4%) followed for 2 years have remained closed, with the treated portions of the GSVs not visible on duplex imaging. Of note, all recurrences have occurred before 9 months, with the majority noted before 3 months. Bruising was noted in 24% of patients and tightness along the course of the treated vein was present in 90% of limbs. There have been no skin burns, paresthesias, or cases of deep vein thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term results available in 499 limbs treated with endovenous laser demonstrate a recurrence rate of less than 7% at 2-year follow-up. These results are comparable or superior to those reported for the other options available for treatment of GSV reflux, including surgery, US-guided sclerotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation. Endovenous laser appears to offer these benefits with lower rates of complication and avoidance of general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Cornell Vascular, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 416 East 55th Street, New York, New York 10022, USA. rjm2002@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khilnani
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Zimmet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*