title: Relationships between the changes in compound muscle action potentials and selective injuries to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) evoked by transcranial electrical stimulation have been widely introduced to monitor motor function during spinal surgery. They may reflect segmental injuries as well as injuries to motor-related tracts in the spinal cord. However, we have experience with some patients who developed postoperative segmental motor weakness without any potential changes during surgery. To evaluate the efficacy of this method, we used a cat model to observe the relationships between potential changes and selective injuries to the white and gray matters of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten CMAPs were obtained before and after injury to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots in 20 cats. Changes in the amplitude, latency, and duration of CMAPs were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CMAPs decreased in amplitude significantly after the insult to the motor-related tracts in the spinal cord in all cats, while the potentials did not always change when the insult was restricted to a limited area in the anterior horn of the spinal cord or to the single spinal nerve root.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMAPs may not exactly reflect segmental injury, and careful attention should be paid to the interpretation of CMAPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan. syunji@wakayama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takami
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric