title: [Correction of nipple depression by using rhomboid de-epithelialized subcutaneous flaps].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new technique by using rhomboid de-epithelialized subcutaneous flaps for correction of congenital nipple depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two de-epithelialized subcutaneous flaps were formed in the areola and placed into the base of the nipple after the nipple was elevated by releasing the fibrous tissue between depressed nipple and its base. The base was then tightened to reinforce the protrusion of the nipple and prevent the withdrawal of the nipple.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients with 17 nipples were successfully treated with above technique between 1993 and 2001. Six patients were followed up for a period from 6 to 18 months. The results were satisfactory regarding to the shape and projection of the nipple. There was no visible scar and decreasing sensation of the nipple. One woman had children after the operation and fed well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above mentioned technique may be an effective surgical procedure for correction of nipple depression with the advantages of preserving the lactiferous ducts, no visible scar and obtaining the sufficient protrusion and size of the nipple.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Friendship Hospital Attached Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Yun-chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Xiao-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002921:Cicatrix; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000637:transplantation*