title: Delay in surgical therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Canada, waiting times for cancer care have been increasing, particularly for patients with genitourinary malignancies. We examined whether delay from diagnosis for patients undergoing surgery for clinically localized prostate cancer affects cancer cure rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a historical cohort study among 645 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1987 and 1997, using biochemical recurrence (PSA elevation) and metastasis as endpoints. We examined whether patients who underwent surgery >/= months (delayed surgery group) from the date of diagnosis had reduced recurrence-free survival, compared to patients who had surgery <3 months (early surgery group) from the date of diagnosis, adjusting for grade, stage and PSA level at diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude 10-year recurrence-free and metastasis-free survival rates for all patients were 71.1% (95% C.I.: 64.9% - 77.3%) and 95.3% (95% C.I.: 91.3% - 99.3%), respectively. Of the 645 patients, 189 (29.3%) had surgery >/= months after diagnosis. The median time from the date of diagnosis to surgery was 68 days (range 15 to 951 days). The 10-year recurrence-free survival was higher for patients who underwent early surgery (74.6%, 95% C.I.: 67.9% - 81.4%) compared to patients in the delayed surgery group (61.3%, 95% C.I.: 46.7% - 76.0%, p=0.05). The crude and adjusted hazard ratios for developing biochemical recurrence for patients in the delayed surgery group were 1.58 (95% C.I.: 1.0 - 2.4, p=0.04) and 1.46 (95% C.I.: 0.9 - 2.3, p=0.09), respectively, compared to patients who underwent early surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may exist a possible relationship between delays from diagnosis for radical prostatectomy and prostate cancer cure rates. These findings may have many biases that could not be properly accounted in this retrospective analysis and larger cohort analyses will be required to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Michael A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jewett
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Krahn
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Robinette
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsihlias
authors.forename: Ants
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toi
authors.forename: Minnie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trachtenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014850:Waiting Lists
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen