title: Effect of nitrite and nitrate on biogenic sulfide production in sewer biofilms determined by the use of microelectrodes.
abstract: The effects of O2 and NO3- concentrations on in situ sulfate reduction and sulfide reoxidation in microaerophilic wastewater biofilms grown on rotating disk reactors were investigated by the use of microelectrodes for O2, S2-, NO3-, NO2-, and pH. Microelectrode measurements showed the vertical microzonation of O2 respiration, NO3- respiration, H2S oxidation and SO4(2-) reduction in the biofilms. The microelectrode measurements indicate that sulfate reducing activity was largely restricted to a narrow anaerobic zone located about 500 microm below the biofilm surface. An addition of nitrate forced the sulfate reduction zone deeper in the biofilm and reduced the specific sulfate reduction rate as well. The sulfate reduction zone was consequently separated from the O2 and NO3- respiration zones. Anaerobic H2S oxidation with NO3- was also induced by addition of nitrate to the medium. Measurements of the reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (FeS, FeS2 and S0), total-Mn and total-Fe in the biofilm indicated that the produced H2S became immediately oxidized with O2, NO3- and other oxidants, mainly ferric/ferrous hydrates. On the basis of the present results, it was estimated that of all sulfide produced, 13% of the sulfide was precipitated by metal ions as FeS and S0 just above the sulfate reduction zone, 65% was anaerobically oxidized to SO4(2-) with NO3- as an electron acceptor and 22% was aerobically oxidized within the biofilm incubated in 70 micromol l(-1) of DO and 280 micromol l(-1) of NO3-.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. sokabe@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D004566:Electrodes; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides; D010100:Oxygen