title: Low tidal volume ventilation induces proinflammatory and profibrogenic response in lungs of rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume induces polymorphonuclear infiltration and proinflammatory and profibrogenic responses in rat lungs compared dependent and nondependent lung region to expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and alpha-1 procollagen III (PC III) mRNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental, randomized and controlled protocol with previously normal rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of ten animals were studied. Two groups were ventilated (FIO2=0.3) in supine position for 1 h without positive end expiratory pressure, one group with a low tidal volume (6 ml/kg), and the other with a high tidal volume (24 ml/kg). In the third group animals were kept in spontaneous ventilation for 1 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ventilation the right lung was used to quantify polymorphonuclear infiltration. The left lung was divided into dependent and nondependent regions, and expression of IL-1beta and PC III mRNA was quantified by northern blot analysis. The group ventilated with low tidal volume had greater polymorphonuclear infiltration IL-1beta and PC III mRNA expression than the nonventilated group. Similar results were observed with high tidal volumes. There was no difference between low and high tidal volume ventilation. Expression levels of IL-1beta and PC III mRNA were higher in the nondependent region of ventilated groups and equal in the nonventilated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even a low tidal volume mode of mechanical ventilation induces proinflammatory and profibrogenic response, with a nondependent predominance for IL-1beta and PC III mRNA expression in supine, ventilated, previously normal rats.
authors.affiliation: Alameda Anapurus 631, ZIP 04087-001, São Paulo-SP, Brasil. pchold@usp.br
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Sibele Inacio
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Meireles
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Lima
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mauad
authors.forename: Milton Arruda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deheinzelin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D024061:Collagen Type III; D007375:Interleukin-1