title: Altering risk in patients who smoke.
abstract: Because of the inherent difficulty of quitting smoking and the enormous health and societal burden of smoking, a multitude of interventions have been developed and tested for their efficacy in sustaining abstinence in smokers. Although most smokers' attempts to quit on their own end in failure, with 12-month abstinence rates as low as 5.7%, several psychosocial and pharmacological interventions have been noted for substantially increasing, even doubling or tripling abstinence rates. Given the substantial costs of treating illnesses caused by smoking, even a 1% increase in abstinence rates is notable for its public health benefit. Moreover, research has indicated that it may take the majority of smokers several attempts at quitting before total continuous abstinence is achieved. Thus any quit attempt should be construed as a step forward in the direction of sustained abstinence. The relative ease with which clinician-initiated effective treatments can be implemented. and evidence that many smokers would like to stop smoking and look to health-care practitioners for guidance and motivation, suggest that pulmonary medicine specialists can have a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality associated with smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA.
authors.forename: J Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Westmaas
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Brandon
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lokitis
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010819:Physician's Role; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000074606:Smoking Prevention