title: Three CCAAT-boxes and a single cell cycle genes homology region (CHR) are the major regulating sites for transcription from the human cyclin B2 promoter.
abstract: Cyclins are essential regulators of the cell division cycle. Cyclin B associates with the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdc2) to form a complex which is required for cells to undergo mitosis. In mammalian cells three B-type cyclins have been characterised, cyclin B1, B2 and B3. The cell cycle-dependent synthesis of cyclin B1 and B2 has been investigated in detail displaying maximum expression in G2 which is mainly regulated on the transcriptional level. We have previously shown that this regulation of the mouse cyclin B2 promoter is controlled by a cell cycle-dependent element (CDE) and the cell cycle genes homology region (CHR). Also in a number of other genes CDE/CHR elements repress transcription in G0 and G1 and lead to relief of repression later during the cell cycle. Here, we compare human and mouse cyclin B2 promoters. Both promoters share only nine regions with nucleotide identities. Three of these sites are CCAAT-boxes spaced 33 bp apart which can bind the NF-Y transcriptional activator. NF-Y binding to the human cyclin B2 promoter could be shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Activation by NF-Y is responsible for more than 93% of the total promoter activity as measured by cotransfecting a plasmid coding for a dominant-negative form of NF-YA. Cell cycle-dependent repression is regulated solely through a CHR. Surprisingly, in contrast to the mouse promoter the CHR in the human cyclin B2 promoter does not rely on a CDE site in tandem with it. Together with the recently described mouse cdc25C promoter, human cyclin B2 is the second identified gene which solely requires a CHR for its cell cycle regulation.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Max-Bürger-Forschungszentrum, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasner
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haugwitz
authors.forename: Wibke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tschöp
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spiesbach
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mössner
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engeland
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000235:genetics*; D056765:Cyclin B2; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor; C503758:CCNB2 protein, human; C503759:Ccnb2 protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019926:Cyclin B; D056765:Cyclin B2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases