title: Detection of human papillomavirus DNA on the external genitalia of healthy men and male patients with urethritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a few studies have been done involving detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA on the external genitalia of men without genital warts, although many have been done for women. We conducted HPV DNA detection among healthy male volunteers and men with urethritis, both having no visible lesions on their external genitalia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to determine the detection rate of HPV DNA in volunteers and patients with urethritis and to determine risk factor(s) for positive DNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective clinical study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA was found in 1.3% of 75 volunteers and in 18.5% of 130 patients with urethritis. DNA of a high-intermediate oncogenic risk was more predominant than the low-risk type. Among various risk factors, only a history of STD was a significant factor for the positive detection of HPV DNA in multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV DNA was found in patients with urethritis more frequently than in volunteers, probably because the former had higher sexual activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kunishima
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koroku
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanda
authors.forename: Taketoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Takaoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Intetsu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014526:Urethritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral