title: Effects of alfentanil and esmolol on hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of alfentanil and esmolol on hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five adult patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups, Group A (control group). Group B (esmolol group) and Group C (alfentanil group). The patients received either 2 mg/kg esmolol (in Group B) or 30 microg/kg alfentanil (in Group C) before intubation. Tracheal intubation was performed with 4 mg/kg thiopental and 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium and 3% isoflurane. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) were measured before and after intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The control group had a baseline SBP of 149 +/- 23 mmHg while Groups B, C had a baseline SBP of 148 +/- 23, and 150 +/- 21 mmHg, respectively (P>0.05). Three min after tracheal intubation, the control group SBP increased to 160 +/- 30 mmHg and Group B remained at the baseline level, 147 +/- 5 mmHg, and Group C significantly decreased to 91 +/- 22 mmHg (P<0.01). Two min after intubation HR in Group B increased significantly but 3 min after intubation HR in Groups B and C were significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). NE in Groups A and B increased significantly to 5.75 +/- 3.51 and 6.75 +/- 3.30 nmol/L 3 min after intubation (P<0.01). In Group C, 3 min after intubation NE was not significantly different from the baseline but E decreased significantly (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2 mg/kg esmolol can moderate the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation to a certain extent and 30 microg/kg alfentanil can completely attenuate the hemodynamic and catecholamine responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100730.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002395:Catecholamines; D011412:Propanolamines; D015760:Alfentanil; C036604:esmolol