title: Inhibition by peripheral electric stimulation of the reinstatement of morphine-induced place preference in rats and drug-craving in heroin addicts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that peripheral electric stimulation (PES) may suppress the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats as well as the drug craving of detoxified heroin addicts in a frequency-dependent manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  CPP model of the rat was constructed with two compartment automatic CPP apparatus, and the craving of the heroin addicts was assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) PES of low frequency could prevent the drug priming- or foot shock-induced reinstatement of morphine CPP; (2) this effect was naloxone-reversible, suggesting a possible involvement of endogenous opioid mechanisms; and (3) PES of low frequency could also accelerate the rate of natural decay of drug craving in heroin addicts after successful abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PES might serve as a therapeutic measure for the treatment of heroin addiction.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Benguo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuecai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jisheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine