title: Activities of extract and constituents of Banisteriopsis caapi relevant to parkinsonism.
abstract: Dopamine deficiency is characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and treatments aim at elevating levels by administration of its precursor L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), or inhibiting monoamine oxidases (MAOs), thus preventing its breakdown. Reports of improvements in PD patients treated with Banisteriopsis caapi extracts stimulated investigation of B. caapi stem extract and its two ingredients, harmine and harmaline for these activities. Tests for MAO inhibition using liver homogenate showed that extract and harmaline showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of MAO A (IC(50) 1.24 microg/ml and IC(50) 4.54 nM, respectively) but had little effect on MAO B activity. The extract at 2.5 mg/ml caused a highly significant increase in release of [3H]dopamine from rat striatal slices, as did 200 microM harmine and 6 microM harmaline. In both these experiments, the amount of harmine present could not account for the total activity of the extract. The ability of harmine and harmaline to stimulate dopamine release is a novel finding. These results give some basis to the reputed usefulness of B. caapi stem extract in the treatment of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NN, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jenner
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031581:Banisteriopsis; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018547:Plant Stems; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D004298:Dopamine