title: A comparison between parents of children with cochlear implants and parents of children with hearing aids regarding parental distress and treatment expectations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare the parents of children with a hearing aid (HA) and children with a cochlear implant (CI) regarding their psychological distress, their expectations from treatment, their family climate, and the way they first obtained information on HA/CI.
  
  
  METHODS
  154 parents (return quota 41%; 81 mothers and 73 fathers) of 90 children with a HA and 103 parents (return quota 59%; 57 mothers and 46 fathers) of 57 children with a CI were interviewed by means of a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups of parents felt distressed, particularly at the time of diagnosis. Their psychological well-being was gradually stabilized in the further course of rehabilitation. Due to the operation associated with it, fitting with a CI brought on a phase of heightened parental psychological distress compared with less invasive treatment with a HA. Regarding family climate, more distress was found in parents of CI children than in parents of HA children. Expectations from therapy appeared realistic in both parental groups; however, after CI fitting, the parents of the CI children showed heightened expectations by comparison with the parents of the HA children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest that the parents of hearing impaired children fitted with a HA or a CI may be divided into two subgroups with divergent psychosocial parameters. For the counseling of the parents of hearing impaired children in clinical practice, it would seem important to take these specific differences into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine at the Freiburg University Clinic, Hauptstrasse 8, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. claudia.spahn@klinikum.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spahn
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Löhle
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirsching
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000523:psychology*; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires