title: [Cocaine-body-packing. Infrequent indication for laparotomy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body-packers or "mules" are drug smugglers who swallow cocaine-filled condoms in order to conceal them during air travel. Body pushers hide drug packages in the rectum or vagina. In a cooperative effort between the Frankfurt Airport Clinic and the GIZ-Nord (Goettingen University poison control center), we performed a retrospective study and developed an algorithm for the problem of "rupture of a cocaine-filled condom in a body-packer."
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective analysis, the data of all cocaine body-packers and body pushers who were identified at Frankfurt International Airport from 1985 to 2001 were evaluated.Temporal development, demographic data, and surgical aspects were of special interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1985 to 2001 a total of 280 body pushers and 2880 body-packers were identified: 63 "mules" (2.2%) developed symptoms of severe cocaine intoxication following rupture of a condom. Emergency laparotomy was performed on 20 patients (i.e., 32% of all symptomatic body-packers) and the condoms were removed, while 43 body-packers (68%) died before surgical therapy could be initiated. All operated patients survived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe cocaine intoxication is life threatening. Patients die from complications caused by generalized vasoconstriction. If the reason for severe cocaine intoxication is the rupture of a cocaine-filled condom,the only possible therapy consists of immediate laparotomy for removal of the condoms.
authors.affiliation: Giftinformationszentrum-Nord der Länder Bremen, Hamburg, Niedersachsen und Schleswig-Holstein,Bereich Humanmedizin, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen. aschaper@giz-nord.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebbecke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Desel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003042:Cocaine / Q000506:poisoning*; D017280:Condoms; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture; D015996:Survival Rate; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D003042:Cocaine