title: Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few long-term studies have compared the efficacy and safety of typical and atypical antipsychotic medications directly in patients with a first episode of psychosis who met the criteria for schizophrenia or a related psychotic disorder. This study compared the acute and long-term effectiveness of haloperidol with that of olanzapine in patients with first-episode psychosis in a large, controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with first-episode psychosis (N=263) were randomly assigned under double-blind conditions to receive haloperidol or olanzapine and were followed for up to 104 weeks. Domains measured included psychopathology, psychosocial variables, neurocognitive functioning, and brain morphology and metabolism. This report presents data from clinical measures of treatment response and safety data from the 12-week acute treatment phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haloperidol and olanzapine were associated with substantial and comparable baseline-to-endpoint reductions in symptom severity, which did not differ significantly in last-observation-carried-forward analyses. However, in a mixed-model analysis, olanzapine-treated subjects had significantly greater decreases in symptom severity as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score and negative and general scales and by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale but not as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive scale and by the Clinical Global Impression severity rating. Olanzapine-treated patients experienced a lower rate of treatment-emergent parkinsonism and akathisia but had significantly more weight gain, compared with the haloperidol-treated patients. Overall, significantly more olanzapine-treated subjects than haloperidol-treated subjects completed the 12-week acute phase of the study (67% versus 54%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As expected on the basis of previous studies, both olanzapine and haloperidol were effective in the acute reduction of psychopathological symptoms in this group of patients with first-episode psychosis. However, olanzapine had several relative advantages in therapeutic response. Although the nature of adverse events differed between the two agents, retention in the study was greater with olanzapine. Retention in treatment is important in this patient population, given their risk of relapse. Longer-term results are needed to determine whether treatment with atypical antipsychotics results in superior outcomes for a first episode of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, NC 27599-7160, USA. jlieberman@unc.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tollefson
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
authors.forename: Alan I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Raquel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Tonmoy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zipursky
authors.forename: Hank
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hamer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D006220:Haloperidol; D000077152:Olanzapine