title: Non-stroke neurological syndromes associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: evaluation of clinical and experimental studies.
abstract: Although many types of neurological disorders and events have been described in association with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), only ischaemic stroke is reasonably well established and accepted as a diagnostic criterion for the syndrome. We propose to evaluate, classify and rank the association of other neurological manifestations as possible, probable, or definite according to the data available from clinical studies and animal models. By these criteria, none of the neurological disorders or events such as epilepsy, psychiatric disease, dementia, transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis-like disease, chorea, migraine, Guillian-Barrè syndrome, and sensory-neural hearing loss, can be definitely associated with aPL or APS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel. jchapman@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brey
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blatt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khamashta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D002819:Chorea / Q000276:immunology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid