title: Oral rapamycin inhibits growth of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE knock-out mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory and immunological responses of vascular cells are known to play significant roles in atherosclerotic plaque development. Rapamycin with antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties has been shown to reduce neointima formation when coated on stents. This study is designed to test the potential of oral rapamycin to inhibit atherosclerotic plaque development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-week-old apoE knock-out mice were fed with 0.25% cholesterol supplemented diet (control diet), control diet containing 50 microg/kg rapamycin (low-dose rapamycin) or 100 microg/kg rapamycin (high-dose rapamycin) for 4 or 8 weeks. Subsets of mice from each group (n=10) were weighed and euthanized. Whole blood rapamycin levels were determined using HPLC-MS/MS, and histological analyses of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice fed with high-dose rapamycin did not gain weight (18.5+/-1.5 vs. 20.6+/-0.9 g, P=.01). Blood levels of rapamycin 117+/-7 pg/ml were detected in the blood of mice fed with high-dose rapamycin for 8 weeks. The plaque area in mice fed with high dose oral rapamycin is significantly less as compared to control (0.168+/-0.008 vs. 0.326+/-0.013 mm2, P=.001 at 4 weeks; 0.234+/-0.013 vs. 0.447+/-0.011 mm2, P=.001 at 8 weeks). Lumen area was inversely proportional to the plaque area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that oral rapamycin is effective in attenuating the progression of atherosclerotic plaque in the mice.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, NW, Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20010, USA. ron.waksman@medstar.net
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waksman
authors.forename: Rajbabu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pakala
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Cindy P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gulick
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leborgne
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fournadjiev
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolfram
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hellinga
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus