title: Secondary immune deficiencies associated with biological therapeutics.
abstract: Biological therapeutics have been utilized in the past several years for the treatment of various autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neoplastic conditions. As these agents target both pathologic and physiologic components of inflammatory and immune systems, the scientific community has been challenged to identify potential secondary immune deficiencies associated with their use. This article will focus on biological agents used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, including tumor necrosis factor-a inhibitors, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4 Ig), rituximab, and interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra). Both clinical and in vitro studies have been done to explore the potential immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Innovative Therapy, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0943, USA.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Parekha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yedla
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069283:Rituximab; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069283:Rituximab; D000069594:Abatacept