title: Involvement of the VDE homing endonuclease and rapamycin in regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSH11 gene encoding the high affinity glutathione transporter.
abstract: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene HGT1/GSH11 encodes the high affinity glutathione transporter and is repressed by cysteine added to the culture medium. It has been found previously that a 5'-upstream cis-element, CCGCCACAC, is responsible for regulating GSH11 expression and that several proteins bind to this element (Miyake, T., Kanayama, M., Sammoto, H., and Ono, B. (2002) Mol. Genet. Genomics 266, 1004-1011). In this report we present evidence that the most prominent of these proteins is VDE, known previously as the homing endonuclease encoded by VMA1. We show also that GSH11 is not expressed in a VDE-deleted strain and that inability to express the GSH11 of this strain is overcome by introduction of the coding region of VDE or the entire VMA1 gene. It is also found that VDE does not cut DNA in the vicinity of the GSH11 cis-element. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signal-transduction system, is found to enhance expression of GSH11 in a VDE-dependent manner under conditions of sulfur starvation. These results indicate that GSH11 is regulated by a system sensitive to sulfur starvation (presumably via cysteine depletion) and a more general system involving the nutritional starvation signal mediated by the TOR system. Both systems need to be operational (inhibition of TOR and sulfur starvation) for full expression of GSH11.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Technology Center of Okayama Prefecture, 5301 Haga, Okayama 701-1296, Japan. tsuyoshi_miyake@pref.okayama.jp
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sammoto
authors.forename: Bun-Ichiro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C086860:glutathione transporter; D013455:Sulfur; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; C081687:VMA1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020123:Sirolimus