title: [Failure to thrive and intestinal diseases in congenital disorders of glycosylation].
abstract: Congenital disorders of glycosylation type I (GDG-I) is a class of genetic multisystem disorders characterised by defective glycosylation of glycoproteins. The characteristics and mechanisms of failure to thrive and intestinal diseases present in CDG-I are anectodal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to analyse 7 CDG-I (4 CDG-Ia, 2 CDG-Ib and 1 CDG-Ix) with important digestive symptoms and failure to thrive in order to characterise the mechanisms implied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four children had no skin abnormality or dysmorphia (1 CDG-Ia, 2 CDG-Ib, 1 CDG-Ix). An encephalopathy with cerebellar hypoplasia was present only in the 4 CDG-Ia. Failure to thrive and diarrhea were present during the first month of life in 6 and appeared at 5 years in one CDG-Ia associated to mild or severe hepatopathy in all patients. One CDG-Ia, 1 CDG-Ib, 1 CDG-Ix had an exsudative enteropathy. A positive steatorrhea was present in 3 patients. Five patients had an abnormal small bowel biopsy. Abnormalities were variable: moderate inflammation of the chorion without villous atrophy in 2, intra-enterocyte fat accumulation without villous atrophy in 2, and partial villous atrophy with lymphangectasia in 1. In 2 CDG-Ia the intestinal biopsy was normal. Enteral nutrition in 4 and parenteral nutrition in 2 were effective in 4 patients and 1 patient with an exsudative enteropathy respond to a free fat diet (CDG-Ix).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The digestive symptoms with failure to thrive is a common feature of CDG-I and could be the first symptoms. The diagnostic should be suspected if no other cause is found. Mechanisms of the intestinal symptoms appear to be multiple such as inflammation, abnormal enterocyte lipid transport or intestinal permeability related to the abnormal glycosylation of intestinal mucosa glycoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Service de gastro-entérologie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Serrurier, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zentilin Boyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Lonlay
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Besnard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pélatan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogier
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hugot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Saudubray
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cézard
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D018981:Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005183:Failure to Thrive / Q000209:etiology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology*