title: Dose distribution close to metal implants in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: a Monte Carlo study.
abstract: Materials with high atomic numbers favor the occurrence of the photoelectric effect when they are irradiated with gamma rays. Therefore, the photoelectric effects of metal implants within the target regions in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery are worth studying. In the present work, Monte Carlo simulations using EGS4 were employed to investigate the resulting dose enhancements. A dose enhancement as high as 10% was observed close to a platinum implant along the x and y axes, while no significant dose enhancements were observed for silver, stainless steel 301, and titanium ones. A dose enhancement as high as 20% was observed close to the platinum implant along the z axis at the superior position of the metal-phantom interface and was 10% higher for other metal implants.
authors.affiliation: Gamma Knife Centre (HK), Canossa Hospital, 1 Old Peak Road, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Joel Y C
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Josie F K
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Robert T K
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000528:radiation effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals