title: Safety of inhaled nitric oxide after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study tests the hypothesis that therapy with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) at the time of lung transplantation in patients undergoing bilateral angle lung transplantation: (i) is safe; and (ii) does not increase either the duration of mechanical ventilation or the incidence of acute graft dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective, non-randomized trial of iNO at 20 parts per million. The treatment group was comprised of 14 patients (10 females, 4 males) undergoing lung transplantation to address severe end-stage lung disease and pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure > 30 mmHg). Clinical and histologic parameters were compared with 22 historical control subjects who were matched with the study population for age, diagnosis and disease severity (17 females, 5 males) and had undergone lung transplantation in the preceding 2-year time period. No significant differences were noted between the 2 study groups at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No toxic effect of iNO treatment was evident. Although the incidence of acute graft dysfunction was the same in both groups, the occurrence of acute graft rejection in the initial 4 weeks after transplant was less frequent in the iNO group than in the control group (7% vs 32%, p = 0.05). Fifty percent of the treatment group, as compared with 22% of the control group, were discharged from the hospital within 2 weeks of the procedure (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early initiation of iNO in lung transplant patients with pulmonary hypertension is safe and may decrease the incidence of acute graft rejection. We speculate that iNO may exert an immunomodulatory effect.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. cornf001@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Cornfield
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Milla
authors.forename: Imad Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Barbato
authors.forename: Soon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide