title: An HDI polyisocyanate aerosol exposure system for large-scale animal experiments.
abstract: An exposure system that allows large-scale exposure of animals to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-based polyisocyanates at a stable concentration and aerosol size distribution was developed. The HDI polyisocyanate aerosol is generated by nebulizing a solution of a commercial polyisocyanate product dissolved in acetone. The aerosol is delivered with a constant airflow into a horizontal flow chamber. Complete mixing of aerosol in the chamber is ensured by a circulating fan. This method has been used to generate atmospheres containing HDI polyisocyanates at a concentration of 10.46+/-0.23 mg/m(3) over a 5-hour period. The overall mass median aerodynamic equivalent diameter was found to be 1.42 microm with a geometric standard deviation of 1.26. The HDI monomer concentration was 0.15+/-0.04 mg/m(3). The average chamber acetone concentration was determined to be 2481+/-222 ppm (mean+/-standard deviation). Different HDI polyisocyanate concentrations in the chamber can be achieved by altering the concentration of the commercial polyisocyanate product in acetone and the chamber flow rate. The described exposure system will be useful for performing toxicological studies involving HDI polyisocyanates.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, SL-9, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Halet G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Poovey
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Roy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rando
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hoyle
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D003485:Cyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003485:Cyanates; D017953:Isocyanates; C015262:1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate