The SLC22 drug transporter family.
The SLC22 family comprises organic cation transporters (OCTs), zwitterion/cation transporters (OCTNs), and organic anion transporters (OATs). These transporters contain 12 predicted alpha-helical transmembrane domains (TMDs) and one large extracellular loop between TMDs 1 and 2. Transporters of the SLC22 family function in different ways: (1) as uniporters that mediate facilitated diffusion in either direction (OCTs), (2) as anion exchangers (OAT1, OAT3 and URAT1), and (3) as Na(+)/ l-carnitine cotransporter (OCTN2). They participate in the absorption and/or excretion of drugs, xenobiotics, and endogenous compounds in intestine, liver and/or kidney, and perform homeostatic functions in brain and heart. The endogenous substrates include monoamine neurotransmitters, choline, l-carnitine, alpha-ketoglutarate, cAMP, cGMP, prostaglandins, and urate. Defect mutations of transporters of the SLC22 family may cause specific diseases such as "primary systemic carnitine deficiency" or "idiopathic renal hypouricemia" or change drug absorption or excretion.
Koepsell
Hermann
H
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bayerische Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070, Würzburg, Germany. Hermann@Koepsell.de
Endou
Hitoshi
H
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000502:physiology; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics
D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins