title: LKB1 protein expression in the evolution of glandular neoplasia of the lung.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  About one-third of sporadic lung adenocarcinomas demonstrates biallelic inactivation of the LKB1 gene, but the timing of this event is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed LKB1 immunohistochemistry on 35 primary lung adenocarcinomas and 96 atypical adenomatous hyperplasias (AAH), a form of early glandular neoplasia from which some lung adenocarcinomas arise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, strong cytoplasmic staining was noted in the non-neoplastic epithelium lining the airways from the bronchi to the terminal bronchioles. There was a marked reduction in LKB1 staining in 9 of 35 (26%) adenocarcinomas and in 10 of 96 (10%) AAHs. When the AAHs were subclassified on the basis of cytoarchitectural atypia, loss of LKB1 expression was more frequent in the high-grade lesions (7 of 33, 21%) than low-grade lesions (3 of 63, 5%; P = 0.021). For the 21 adenocarcinomas where the genetic status was known, immunohistochemistry staining reliably reflected the activational state of the LKB1 gene (95% concordancy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In AAH, loss of LKB1 expression is strongly associated with severe dysplasia, suggesting that LKB1 inactivation may play a role in the critical transition from premalignant to malignant tumor growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghaffar
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Cepedes
authors.forename: Gloria H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahurak
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sidransky
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Westra
mesh_terms: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000483:Alleles; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C109790:STK11 protein, human; D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases