title: In vivo effects of an Er:YAG laser, an ultrasonic system and scaling and root planing on the biocompatibility of periodontally diseased root surfaces in cultures of human PDL fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo effects of an Er:YAG laser (ERL), an ultrasonic system and scaling and root planing (SRP) on the biocompatibility of periodontally diseased root surfaces in cultures of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty single rooted teeth, considered for extraction due to severe periodontal destruction, have been randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) ERL at 160 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz, or (2) Vector ultrasonic system (VUS), or (3) SRP using hand instruments, or (4) untreated control (C). Immediately after instrumentation, all test and control teeth were extracted and root specimens (4 mm2) were prepared from all mesial and distal surfaces (n=80). Following the prescribed treatments, the root specimens were incubated with human PDL fibroblast cultures. Adherent cells were stained with methylene blue and counted using a reflected light microscope and the cell density per mm2 was calculated. Additionally, the cell morphology was investigated using SEM (n=8 teeth).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell counts within each group yielded the following means and standard deviations (cells/mm2): ERL, 111+/-27; VUS, 75+/-25; SRP, 41+/-17; control, 25+/-11. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in the number of attached cells between the test and control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively). ERL and VUS treated specimens showed significantly higher numbers of cells/mm2 than the SRP group (P<0.001, respectively). The difference between the ERL and VUS group was statistically significant (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicate that (i) ERL, VUS, and SRP promote the attachment of PDL fibroblasts on previously diseased root surfaces, (ii) periodontally diseased root surfaces inhibit the adherence of PDL fibroblasts, and (iii) the surface structure of ERL and VUS instrumented roots seem to offer better conditions for the adherence of PDL fibroblasts than SRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. info@frank-schwarz.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sculean
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Georg
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scherbaum
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000502:physiology*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000503:physiopathology; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*