title: Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in the generation of vasoactive prostanoids in the rat pulmonary and systemic vascular beds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostanoid synthesis by the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway plays an important role in inflammation, and recent studies have shown the presence of COX-2 in the normal rat lung. However, the role of COX-2 in the generation of vasoactive prostanoids in the rat is uncertain. In the present study, the hypothesis that synthesis of vasoactive prostanoids via the COX-2 pathway can alter pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance was investigated, and the effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors on pulmonary and systemic responses to the prostanoid precursor arachidonic acid were examined in the anesthetized rat with a recently developed right-heart catheterization technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injections of arachidonic acid caused dose-related increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and decreases in systemic vascular resistance. These responses were attenuated by selective COX-2 inhibitors and a selective COX-1 inhibitor, whereas responses to exogenous prostanoids were not altered. Nimesulide or NS-398 did not alter arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in rat platelet-rich plasma. Western blot analysis and immunostaining showed the expression of both COX isoforms in the rat lung.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of these experiments suggest that arachidonic acid is converted into vasoactive prostanoids by the COX-2 and COX-1 pathway in the pulmonary and peripheral vascular beds in the rat and that TXA2 is a major prostanoid formed in the normal rat lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, La 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Syed R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Baber
authors.forename: Hunter C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: Trinity J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kadowitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D023421:Models, Animal; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010648:Phenylacetates; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; C051762:daltroban