title: Swallowing disorders post orotracheal intubation in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and recovery time of swallowing dysfunction after prolonged endotracheal intubation in critically ill elderly patients compared to a younger cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, interventional, clinical study set in a medical intensive care unit in a university-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 42 consecutive elderly patients (>/=65 years old) and 42 controls (<65 years) matched for severity of illness requiring endotracheal intubation for more than 48 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was performed within 48 h post-extubation and on days 5, 9, and 14 for those with evidence of aspiration. RESULTS. Swallowing dysfunction was assessed by the detection of test material below the true vocal cords. Aspiration was documented in 52% of the elderly and 36% of the control group (P=0.2). No significant difference in the co-morbidity index and the length of mechanical ventilation was found between aspirators and non-aspirators. None of the control group had swallowing deficits after 2 weeks, while 13% of the elderly participants showed persistent impairment in the swallowing reflex. By multivariate analysis, the preadmission functional status was the only determinant of a slowly resolving swallowing deficit (hazard ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.26-3.97). No post-extubation aspiration pneumonia was identified in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Critically ill elderly patients exhibit delayed resolution of swallowing impairment post extubation. FEES should be considered for those with impaired preadmission functional status.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Erie County Medical Center, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Solh
authors.forename: Mifue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Abid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Celestino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pietrantoni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors