title: Definitive radiotherapy of prostate cancer: the possible role of staging lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the postradiotherapy 5-year cancer-specific (CSS), clinical progression-free (cPFS), and overall (OS) survival rates in patients with pN0 M0 prostate cancer (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 1996, 203 consecutive pN0 M0 PC patients (T1-2, 66; T3-4, 137) received conformal prostatic four-field radiotherapy (median target dose 66 Gy). Any hormone manipulation was delayed until clinical progression (growth of the primary tumor or development of distant metastases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median observation time of 87 months (range 11-156), 99 patients had relapsed clinically and 70 patients were dead, 37 of them as a result of prostate cancer. Five-year CSS, cPFS, and OS rates were, respectively, 90% (95% CI 86-94%), 64% (95% CI 57-71%), and 82% (95% CI 77-87%), with no difference of OS compared with age-matched males from the general population. Gleason score (< or =7A vs. > or =7B) and the T category predicted cPFS, whereas CSS was associated with Gleason score only. Preradiotherapy PSA failed to predict survival. Patients with T1-2 Gleason score < or =7A had a 97% 5-year CCS, as compared with 89% for all other patients. A median of eight lymph nodes (range 0-29) were described in the specimens from pelvic lymphadenectomy (LA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite still preliminary observations, our 5-year results challenge the use of combined hormone radiotherapy in patients who are proven to be pN0 by preradiotherapy LA; in particular, in patients with T1-2/Gleason score < or =7A, whereas the survival in all other patients with pN0 M0 prostate cancer may be improved by adjuvant androgen deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway. s.d.fossa@klinmed.uio.no
authors.forename: Sophie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fosså
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lilleby
authors.forename: Håkon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waehre
authors.forename: Aasmund
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torlakovic
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.forename: Dag Rune
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome