title: Monkeys and toads define areas of endemism on Sulawesi.
abstract: Ecological or geological phenomena can impose limits on geographic diversification that cause biogeographical patterns of distantly related but sympatrically occurring taxa to be similar. Concordant patterns of diversity facilitate conservation management because strategic designation of protected areas can capture complementary rather than redundant components of variation. Here we demonstrate that on the biodiverse Indonesian island of Sulawesi, seemingly idiosyncratic distributions of diversity in endemic monkeys (Macaca species) and toads (Bufo celebensis) are actually virtually identical on a fine geographic scale. It appears that range fragmentation has generated seven multi-taxon areas of genetic endemism, each of which should be targeted for conservation. Joint consideration of molecular phylogeography, morphology, and demography helps resolve apparent contradictions in paraphyletic macaque mitochondrial DNA and in undifferentiated toad morphology, and facilitates an understanding of biogeography and conservation genetics of Sulawesi fauna.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology and Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA. bje5@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Jatna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Supriatna
authors.forename: Noviar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andayani
authors.forename: Mohammed Iqbal
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Setiadi
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cannatella
authors.forename: Don J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Melnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D044822:Biodiversity; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D003710:Demography; D005843:Geography; D007214:Indonesia; D008251:Macaca / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C075526:RNA, ribosomal, 12S