title: [Epidemiological survey of chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetic in-patients in four municipalities].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an epidemiological description and risk factors of chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetic in-patients in four municipalities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of the study came from 3,469 Type 2 diabetic in-patients from 1991 to 2000 in 10 medical centers of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing. A variety of parameters of in-patients were evaluated retrospectively to know the prevalence and risk factors of chronic vascular complications in the study patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the detailed prevalence of chronic vascular complications is listed as follows: diabetic retinopathy 31.5%, diabetic nephropathy 39.7%, diabetic neuropathy 51.1%, hypertension 41.8%, coronary heart disease (CHD) 25.1%, cerebral vascular disease (CVD) 17.3%, vessel complication of lower limbs 9.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that diabetes family history, duration of diabetes (> 5 years), and systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg) are the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy; duration of diabetes (> 5 years), systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg), LDL-C (> 3.12 mmol/L), and triglyceride (> 1.70 mmol/L) are the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy; age (> 45 years), duration of diabetes (> 5 years), HbA1C (> 7.0%), systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg), and LDL-C (> 3.12 mmol/L), are the risk factors for CHD; age (> 45 years), duration of diabetes (> 5 years), systolic blood pressure (> 125 mmHg), and triglyceride (> 1.70 mmol/L) are the risk factors for CVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to improve patients' outcome, multiple metabolic controls in type 2 diabetic patients are urgently needed, which include decreasing glycemia, reducing hypertension and improving lipid levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-ding
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Wei-bo
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Xiao-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jia-chi
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qi-fu
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen-ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Wei-hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Rong-li
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies