title: [New aspects of neuroprotective effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs].
abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities and are involved in the suppression of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), a prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme. It has been recently revealed that NSAIDs also possess inhibitory effects on the generating system of nitric oxide radicals and modulating effects on transcription factors and nuclear receptors which are related to inflammatory reactions. Since it has been reported that inflammatory processes are associated with the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and that NSAIDs inhibit amyloid beta-protein-induced neurotoxicity to reduce the risk for Alzheimer's disease, a number of studies have been conducted focusing on the neuroprotective effects of NSAIDs. It has been clarified that the drugs exert neuroprotective effects, which are not related to their COX-inhibiting property, on pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. In this article, new aspects of neuroprotective effects of NSAIDs have been reviewed, especially, in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, discussing various pharmacological effects of NSAIDs other than their inhibitory action on COX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1, Shikatacho, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D004298:Dopamine