title: Polymorphisms in the beta2 adrenergic receptor and bronchodilator response, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and rate of decline in lung function in smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH) is a known predictor of accelerated rate of decline in lung function in smokers. Polymorphisms of the beta(2) adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) have previously been associated with NSBH and bronchodilator response (BDR) in asthmatics. Based on these associations, we hypothesised that ADRB2 polymorphisms would be associated with NSBH and BDR as well as an accelerated rate of decline in lung function among smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of two ADRB2 polymorphisms, Arg16-->Gly and Gln27-->Glu, was examined in 587 smokers chosen from the NHLBI Lung Health Study for having the fastest (n=282) and slowest (n=305) 5 year rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1); mean DeltaFEV(1) -4.14 and +1.08% predicted/year, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrary to our hypothesis, no ADRB2 allele or haplotype was associated with NSBH, BDR, or rate of decline in lung function. However, there was a significant negative association between heterozygosity at position 27 and a fast decline in lung function (adjusted odds ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.78, p=0.0007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterozygosity at position 27 may be protective against an accelerated rate of decline in lung function. The polymorphism at position 16 does not contribute to the rate of decline in lung function, measures of NSBH, or BDR in smokers.
authors.affiliation: UBC McDonald Research Laboratories/iCAPTURE Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Connett
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Anthonisen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Paré
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sandford
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D007545:Isoproterenol