title: Retrograde fixation of distal femoral fractures: results using a new nail system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the management and outcome of distal femur fractures treated with retrograde nailing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, level I trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 47 patients with 48 fractures of the distal femur (37 fractures AO type A and 11 fractures type C) operated on between May 1999 and June 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome was assessed by using standard radiographic criteria of time to union, incidence of infection, malunion, and knee function (Leung score).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an average time of 33 months (range 12-37 months), 44 patients were reexamined. Three patients were lost to follow-up. The average age was 44 years (range 17-92 years). Of patients, 19 sustained polytrauma, and 10 had associated soft tissue damage. A total of 34 patients underwent primary definitive osteosynthesis within 12 hours after trauma. All fractures healed after an average of 12.6 weeks (range 9-17 weeks). Seven complications were noted-three related to severity of injury (one deep venous thrombosis, two leg length shortenings of 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm) and four related to the operation (insufficient counterboring of the nail in two patients, one malreduction, one iatrogenic fracture of femur shaft). There was no relevant difference between type A and type C fractures in functional, clinical, or radiographic outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrograde nailing is recommended as an alternative method to plate osteosynthesis in stabilizing distal femoral fractures, particularly in type C fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus, Berlin, Germany. seifertj@mail.uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stengel
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matthes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekkernkamp
authors.forename: Peter A W
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ostermann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome