title: Simultaneous activation technique: an alternative for bonding composite resin to glass ionomer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new simultaneous activation technique (SAT)-for the union between glass ionomer cements and composite resins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty primary molars were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin. Class I cavity preparations were performed on the dentin surface and the teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (N = 10). Two groups were restored with the SAT and 2 by etching the ionomer surface/sandwich technique (ST). The materials tested were Vidrion F (SS/ White), Vitremer (3M), and Z100 (3M). After 24 hours in aqueous solution at 37 degrees C, a tensile test was performed. The microleakage study was also performed by selecting 40 primary molars which were distributed in the same way as in the bond strength test. Furthermore, 1 tooth from each group of the microleakage test was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SAT and ST did not show statistically significant differences in both tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SAT is a less complex, quicker, and feasible alternative for the bonding of glass ionomer cements to composite resins in primary molars.
authors.affiliation: Metropolitan University of Santos and PUC-Campinas, Brazil. slpinho@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Sérgio Luiz
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Margareth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Edmir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matson
authors.forename: Danilo Antonio
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Guedes-Pinto
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008963:Molar; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013674:Technology, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C090880:Vidrion F; C084550:Vitremer; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium