title: Laryngeal resistance before and after minor surgery: endotracheal tube versus Laryngeal Mask Airway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) may promote laryngeal swelling, which is an important cause of upper airway obstruction after extubation. The authors hypothesized that laryngeal swelling after ETT placement increases laryngeal resistance and tested that hypothesis by comparing postoperative laryngeal patency between patients with ETT placement and those with a Laryngeal Mask Airway trade mark (LMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen adult patients who underwent elective minor surgeries were randomly allocated to two groups whose airway would be managed through ETTs (the ETT group) or LMAs (the LMA group) during the surgery. While maintaining at sevoflurane 1 minimum alveolar concentration, the authors measured laryngeal resistance before and after surgery, during both spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation under complete paralysis. In addition, they endoscopically measured the vocal cord angle under complete paralysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In association with marked swelling of the vocal cords, the vocal cord angle significantly decreased after surgery in the ETT group, whereas the angle did not change in the LMA group. Laryngeal resistance during mechanical ventilation significantly increased only in the ETT group. Laryngeal resistance during spontaneous breathing significantly increased after surgeries in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative laryngeal resistance increases at least in part because of laryngeal swelling in patients with ETT placement, whereas alteration of laryngeal neural control mechanisms has been also indicated. The use of the LMA trade mark has an advantage over ETT placement in order to avoid postoperative laryngeal swelling.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. atanaka-cib@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Shiroh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isono
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000399:Air Pressure; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D000465:Algorithms; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017214:Laryngeal Masks / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007830:Larynx / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010243:Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests