title: Workplace exposure to submicron particle mass and number concentrations from manual arc welding of carbon steel.
abstract: Particle emissions from manual shielded metal arc welding of carbon steel were sampled in a typical industrial maintenance and metal fabrication workplace environment. Particle number measurements over the size range from 14 nm to 10 microm using a scanning mobility particle sizer and an optical particle counter showed that welding produced an approximately lognormal particle mode with a 120 nm count median and a geometric standard deviation of 2.07. This study produced welding particle number concentrations on the order of 2 x 10(5)/cm(3) in the building air 8.5 m away from the welding. Workplace exposure samples were below the current 8-hour American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists mass concentration threshold limit value of 5 mg/m(3). Submicron particles comprised 80% of the total aerosol mass collected by a cascade impactor during welding. The concentration of larger particles was indistinguishable from indoor background. Microscopy showed that the welding emissions are dominated by clusters formed from <0.1 microm primary spheres. These data on the particles resulting from aerosol transformation by natural dilution inside an industrial building can be compared with laboratory-scale studies of welding particulate. The particle number characteristics observed in this study are significant because toxicological hypotheses suggest that number or surface area may be a better metric than mass when evaluating the health effects of fine particles.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 75 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5120, USA. dstephenson@dfpm.utah.edu
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Gauri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seshadri
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Veranth
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010316:Particle Size; D013232:Steel; D014896:Welding; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D013232:Steel