title: Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain edema and perihematomal cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycemia has a deleterious effect on brain ischemia. However, the effect of hyperglycemia in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is not well known. We investigated the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of brain edema and perihematomal cell death in ICH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) in adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. ICH was induced by stereotaxic infusion of 0.23 U of collagenase into the left striatum. Seventy-two hours after ICH, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed for perihematomal cell death. We also measured brain water content to evaluate edema formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum glucose level of the hyperglycemic group was 394.0+/-180.3 mg/dL (n=31), and that of the normoglycemic group was 97.5+/-27.4 mg/dL (n=31). The size of hemorrhage was similar between groups, without any significant difference (n=8 in each group). The brain water content of hyperglycemic rats (n=17) increased in both lesioned (81.0+/-0.5%) and nonlesioned hemispheres (78.7+/-0.6%) compared with the normoglycemic group (n=17; lesioned: 78.9+/-0.8%; nonlesioned: 77.3+/-1.1%). In the hyperglycemic group, more TUNEL-positive cells were found in the perihematomal regions (n=6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperglycemia caused more profound brain edema and perihematomal cell death in experimental ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Chol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Sang-Wuk
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Keun-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seong-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Manho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Woo
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001834:Body Water / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose