title: Long-term safety of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
abstract: We investigated the long-term side-effects of orbital radiotherapy (OR) in 204 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), irradiated from 1972-1996 [44 by cobalt unit (CU) and 160 by linear accelerator (LA), mostly combined with glucocorticoids], with a 5- to 25-yr follow-up (median, 11 yr). Cataract was observed in 21 patients (10%) 3-21 yr after OR, with a higher (not significant) prevalence in CU-treated patients (18% vs. 8% in LA-treated patients). The prevalence of cataract was higher, although not significantly, in CU-treated patients aged less than 60 yr, but not in LA-treated patients, compared with the general population. Mild, asymptomatic retinopathy was observed in 1 of 7 patients (14%) with diabetes and hypertension, in 1 of 31 patients (3%) with hypertension alone, and in 0 of 11 patients with diabetes alone. No tumors were observed in 157 patients submitted to computed tomography scan of orbital and adjacent regions. In conclusion, OR is a safe treatment, not associated with an increased frequency of cataract, provided a high voltage apparatus is used. Hypertension, especially if associated with diabetes, may represent a relative contraindication, as it may cause retinopathy. Although no secondary tumors were detected, due to the long latency of radiation-induced tumors, OR should be restricted to patients older than 35 yr.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy. c.marcocci@endoc.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marcocci
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bartalena
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinò
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menconi
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazzi
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.forename: Maria Sole
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sartini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cartei
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cionini
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinchera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome