title: Circadian clock genes oscillate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: In mammals, it is well documented that observable circadian rhythms are controlled by a central oscillator that is organized in transcriptional and translational feedback loops involving several clock genes. Although recent studies have demonstrated that clock genes oscillate in many peripheral tissues, their characteristics in the human immune system remain unknown. The present study investigates whether circadian clock genes function in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. On the basis of studies derived from 3 human subjects under controlled conditions, circadian clock genes hPer1, hPer2, hPer3, and hDec1 are expressed in a circadian manner in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with the peak level occurring during the habitual time of activity. The demonstration of functional circadian machinery in human PBMCs suggests that peripheral blood cells may be useful for the investigation of human circadian rhythms and their associated disorders.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Diane B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: Francine O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Aibin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Park F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cho-Park
authors.forename: Huabao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Zhong S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D001773:Blood Cells; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006184:Habits; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C107989:BHLHE40 protein, human; C539022:PER1 protein, human; C421902:PER2 protein, human; C512644:PER3 protein, human; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; C512645:Per3 protein, mouse