title: Optimal preoperative assessment and surgery for rectal cancer may greatly limit the need for radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiation is being used increasingly in the management of patients with rectal cancer. Over the past decade the Basingstoke Colorectal Research Unit has combined precision total mesorectal excision with the highly selective use of preoperative radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty consecutive patients who underwent major surgical excision for cancers of all stages comprised the study group. Preoperative clinical assessment was based largely on tumour size, fixation and distance from the anal verge. Only preoperative radiotherapy was considered and this only for tumours judged to be at high risk of mesorectal fascia involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 5-year period 35 of 150 patients were selected for preoperative irradiation. In the non-irradiated patients the local recurrence rate after a median follow-up period of 870 (range 51-1903) days was 2.6 per cent (three of 115 patients), compared with 17.1 per cent (six of 35 patients) in those chosen for irradiation. Sixty patients (52.2 per cent) who were not irradiated were node positive. The local recurrence rate for the whole group was 6.0 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The great majority of patients undergoing major excision for rectal cancer can be managed without radiation therapy if the preoperative assessment of the mesorectal fascia and surgery are performed optimally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. marko.simunovic@hrcc.on.ca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simunovic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rempel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors