title: Src mediates prolactin-dependent proliferation of T47D and MCF7 cells via the activation of focal adhesion kinase/Erk1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways.
abstract: Prolactin (PRL) stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation; however, the involvement of PRL-activated signaling molecules in cell proliferation is not fully established. Here we studied the role of c-Src on PRL-stimulated proliferation of T47D and MCF7 breast cancer cells. We initially observed that PRL-dependent activation of focal adhesion kinase (Fak), Erk1/2, and cell proliferation was mediated by c-Src in T47D cells, because expression of a dominant-negative form of c-Src (SrcDM, K295A/Y527F) blocked the PRL-dependent effects. The Src inhibitor PP1 abrogated PRL-dependent in vivo activation of Fak, Erk1/2, p70S6K, and Akt and the proliferation of T47D and MCF7 cells; Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) activation was not affected. However, in vitro, Fak and Jak2 kinases were not directly inhibited by PP1, demonstrating the effect of PP1 on c-Src kinase as an upstream activator of Fak. Expression of Fak mutant Y397F abrogated PRL-dependent activation of Fak, Erk1/2, and thymidine incorporation, but had no effect on p70S6K and Akt kinases. MAPK kinase 1/2 (Mek1/2) inhibitor PD184352 blocked PRL-induced stimulation of Erk1/2 and cell proliferation; however, p70S6K and Akt activation were unaffected. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 abolished cell proliferation and activation of p70S6K and Akt; however, PRL-dependent activation of Erk1/2 was not modified. Moreover, we show that both c-Src/PI3K and c-Src/Fak/Erk1/2 pathways are involved in the up-regulation of c-myc and cyclin d1 expression mediated by PRL. The previous findings suggest the existence of two PRL-dependent signaling cascades, initiated by the c-Src-mediated activation of Fak/Erk1/2 and PI3K pathways that, subsequently, control the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 and the proliferation of T47D and MCF7 breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas A Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Raúl M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subtil-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Maria Aurora
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Caceres
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
authors.forename: Annarica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calcabrini
authors.forename: Iciar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lazaro-Trueba
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín-Pérez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019938:Cyclin D1; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D011388:Prolactin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src); C496050:PTK2 protein, human