title: 7-nitroindazole and posthypoxic ventilatory behavior in the A/J and C57BL/6J mouse strains.
abstract: Periodic breathing (PB) is a fundamental breathing pattern in many common cardiopulmonary illnesses. The finding of PB in C57BL/6J (B6) mice was previously ascribed to strain differences in posthypoxic ventilatory and frequency decline in the B6 mice (Han F, Subramanian S, Price ER, Nadeau J, and Strohl KP. J Appl Physiol 92: 1133-1140, 2002). We tested whether the induction of posthypoxic frequency decline in A/J mice, through administration of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase blocker [7-nitroindazole (7-NI); 60 mg/kg], would cause A/J mice to exhibit PB and/or alter PB expression in the B6 strain. Recordings of ventilatory behavior by the plethysmography method were made when unanesthetized B6 (n = 10) or A/J (n = 6) animals were reoxygenated with 100% O2 or room air after exposure to 8% O2. Before undergoing gas challenges, mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of either peanut oil alone (vehicle) or 7-NI suspended in peanut oil. Compared with vehicle, both strains of mice exhibited posthypoxic frequency decline and the absence of short-term potentiation with 7-NI administration. B6 mice continued to exhibit posthypoxic PB; however, the PB was characterized by longer cycle and apnea length. In contrast, A/J mice did not show increased tendency toward posthypoxic PB with 7-NI. We conclude that 7-NI further differentiates the A/J and B6 strains in terms of PB and that strain-related differences in posthypoxic frequency decline are not primary determinants of this strain difference in the occurrence of PB. Metabolism was not associated with either the expression of posthypoxic ventilatory decline or PB. Furthermore, neuronal nitric oxide may be an organizing feature in the presence, length, and/or cycle length of apnea in the susceptible strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Edwin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: Kingman P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Strohl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001049:Apnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C080122:7-nitroindazole