title: Dynamic synchronisation of central oscillators in essential tremor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coherence analysis of electromyography (EMG) signals in essential tremor (ET) suggests that tremor in the right and left arm is induced by independent central oscillators. The sensorimotor cortex seems to be part of the tremor-generating neuronal network in ET. Here, we investigated using electroencephalography (EEG) whether the independence of central oscillators in ET is supported by the analysis of cortical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 8 patients with ET, bilateral hand tremor was activated by wrist extension. EMGs from the wrist flexors and extensors were recorded simultaneously with an EEG. EEG-EMG coherence was estimated for 74 epochs of 60 s duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 42.6% of the cases, EEG-EMG coherence at the tremor frequency existed only with the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. However, 21.6% of the tremor-EMGs were coherent with EEG activity over both the contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. Bilateral and exclusively contralateral EEG-EMG coherence could alternate within the same recording. Bilateral EEG-EMG coherence was associated with increased right-left EEG-EEG coherence, increased right-left EMG-EMG coherence as well as with increased tremor strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ET, central oscillators in the right and left brain are not entirely independent of each other. They may dynamically synchronise, presumably by interhemispheric coupling via the corpus callosum.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Neurozentrum, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. hellwigb@nz.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hellwig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schelter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guschlbauer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Timmer
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lücking
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003344:Cortical Synchronization / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009431:Neural Conduction; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology