title: Impulse oscillometry provides an effective measure of lung dysfunction in 4-year-old children at risk for persistent asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objective lung function measurements are routinely used to diagnose and manage asthma, but their utility for young children has not been defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Bronchodilator responses were measured by means of impulse oscillometry (IOS) and compared with conventional spirometry to determine the value of lung function measures in 4-year-old asthma-prone children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants were in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (National Institute of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) and at risk for asthma. At age 4 years, concurrent asthma was determined by using a previously validated modified American Thoracic Society questionnaire. Children performed IOS and spirometry before and after albuterol administration and underwent skin prick testing to 13 common allergens to assess atopy. IOS measures were as follows: airways resistance at 5 Hz and 10 Hz, airways reactance at 5 Hz and 10 Hz, and resonant frequency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asthmatic patients versus nonasthmatic patients significantly differed in their IOS-assessed bronchodilator responses through Delta resistance at 5 Hz (medians, 27% vs 17%; P =.02) and Delta resistance at 10 Hz (24% vs 16%; P =.03). Because atopic children who have frequent wheezing are at risk for persistent asthma, the data were analyzed in regard to atopic patients with or without asthma. IOS strongly distinguished atopic asthmatic children through Delta resistance at 5 Hz (36% vs 13%, P =.007), Delta resistance at 10 Hz (25% vs 11%, P =.02), and Delta reactance at 10 Hz (47% vs 12%, P =.03). Conventional spirometry did not establish similar statistically significant findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IOS bronchodilator responses are remarkably abnormal in 4-year-old children, who are most likely to have persistent asthma. IOS is a useful diagnostic tool in early asthma development and might be a helpful objective outcome measure of early interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, 80206, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Klinnert
authors.forename: Marcella R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance; D000420:Albuterol; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009991:Oscillometry; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013147:Spirometry
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol