title: Lower whole blood ionized magnesium concentrations in hypocalcemic infants of gestational diabetic mothers.
abstract: Infants of insulin dependent (class B and above) diabetic mothers (IDM's) have a high rate of neonatal hypocalcemia (NHC) and hypomagnesemia. We carried out this study to test the hypotheses that: (1) infants of gestational diabetic (class A) mothers (IGDM's) are also at risk for NHC and (2) NHC in IGDM's relates to decreased whole blood Mg(2+) concentration. Thirty one term infants born to gestational diabetic mothers of classes A1 (diet controlled, n = 23) and A2 (requiring insulin, n = 8) of White's classification, were compared at 24 +/- 2 hours of age to 32 healthy, appropriate for gestational age controls, born after uncomplicated pregnancy, labor and delivery. Whole blood Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) were measured using an ion-specific electrode (Nova 8, Nova biomedical, Waltham, MA). The rate of NHC was higher in the IGDM group as compared to the control group (9 out of 31 [29%] vs. 1 out of 32 [3.1%] infants; p < 0.01). Whole blood Mg(2+) was lower in the IGDM group than in controls (p < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis, when Ca(2+) was used as the dependent variable and Mg(2+), diabetes class, gestational age, macrosomia and one minute Apgar scores were the independent variables, only Mg(2+) and diabetes class were significant (R2 = 0.4374; p < 0.01). Our results are consistent with the theory that Mg deficiency plays a role in NHC encountered in IGDM's, similar to what occurs in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Childrens Center, 977, 48th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Francis B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Mimouni
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bainbridge
authors.forename: Koteswar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varada
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sheffer
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000097:blood*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007477:Ions; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium