title: Influence of age, gender, education and dexterity on upper limb motor performance in Parkinsonian patients and healthy controls.
abstract: Finger tapping, the most widely used test for evaluating motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), was found to react sensitively to disease specific factors like disease severity and changes in medication. A possible interference caused by disease unrelated demographic factors--age, gender, education and dexterity--however has not yet been studied systematically. Various components of tapping performance of 187 healthy subjects and 200 PD patients were assessed by means of the BRAIN TEST, a digitalized test battery. The effects of demographic factors--above all education and age--were found to be significant. These influences generally affect different aspects of movement to a different extent, with speed and akinesia being affected more severely than dysmetria and arrhythmokinesis. Our study suggests that whenever precise assement of upper limb motor performance is needed, specific corrections for these demographic factors in both healthy controls and PD patients are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Karl Franzens University, Graz, Austria. nik.homann@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Homann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quehenberger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrovic
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Homann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suppan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ivanic
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics