title: Surgical treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: timing of operation is crucial for survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients operated on for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) the impact of the timing of operation on outcome is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective analysis of a prospectively documented database, we studied 250 patients suffering from SAP, who were in need for surgical treatment during their course of disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1982 to 1998, 250 patients with the diagnosis of SAP who required operative treatment were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. The mean APACHE II score on the day of admission was 16.1 (8-35). One hundred eighty-five patients (74%) required reoperation, of whom 111 patients (60%) underwent reoperation on demand and 74 (40%) patients a pre-planned reoperation. Overall mortality was 38.8% (97 patients). In patients who were operated during the first three weeks after onset of disease, mortality was significantly higher than in patients who were operated after three weeks (46% vs. 25%, p < 0.01). Besides patient age (p < 0.05), APACHE II score at admission (p < 0.01), multiple organ dysfunction (p < 0.01), infection of pancreatic necrosis (p < 0.05), surgical control of pancreatic necrosis (p < 0.0001), and the time of surgical intervention (p < 0.05) determined survival significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who were operated later than three weeks after onset of disease had a significantly better outcome. In patients suffering from SAP who required surgical treatment, the timing of operation is crucial for survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. peter.goetzinger@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Götzinger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wamser
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Exner
authors.forename: Erhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwanzer
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakesz
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Függer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sautner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome