title: Determination of nutrients in the presence of high chloride concentrations by column-switching ion chromatography.
abstract: Determination of inorganic anions in waters of high salinity is one of the most difficult task in analytical chemistry. A simple column-switching method, based on an original chromatographic set-up, for the determination of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite and phosphate) in chloride rich aqueous matrices is presented. A pre-separation system (made of two in line pre-columns, Dionex AG9-HC 4 mm) connected to an analytical column (Dionex AS9-HC 4 mm) by a four way pneumatic valve, allows chloride to be eluted off into the waste and nutrients to be separated and detected by a conductimeter and/or a UV spectrophotometer. Neither chemical pre-treatment nor sample dilution are required; sample matrices presenting a large range of chloride concentrations can be investigated. Moreover by using this technology, automation for routine analysis, low analysis time and low costs can be achieved. LODs of 100, 300, 1000 microg/l for nitrate, nitrite and phosphate, respectively, have been obtained by spiking a synthetic sea water sample containing 20,000 mg/l of chloride and 3000 mg/l of sulphate. Analyte calibration curves of analytes are linear (r>0.99) in the range between the LODs and 60 mg/l. This method was applied to nutrients determination in sea water samples collected near a river outlet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caselli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Gennaro
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Tommaso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lastella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mastrolitti
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis*; D002845:Chromatography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010710:Phosphates; D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride