title: Splenectomy reduces remote organ damage after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed to reduce mononuclear phagocytic system (MFS) cells with splenectomy and investigate its preventive effects on lung, liver, and kidney ultrastructure and free radical generation after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IIR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty adult male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as sham laparatomy (SL), splenectomy + sham laparatomy (SSL), intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IIR), and splenectomy + intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (SIIR). One hour of mesenteric ischaemia and four hours of reperfusion were applied. Splenectomy was performed just before reperfusing the intestine. Serum levels of malonedialdehyde (MDA) was measured, and tissue samples obtained from the lung, liver, and kidneys were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lung, liver, and kidney ultrastructures were normal in both groups of SL and SSL. In the IIR group, type 2 pneumocytes showed lamellar body degeneration, dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and thickening of the basal lamina. Hepatocytes showed dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial degeneration, and cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The glomerular basement membrane was thickened and the endothelial cells showed discontinuity. The foot processes of the podocytes and microvilli of the proximal tubule cells had also disappeared in the kidney. Splenectomy attenuated these ultrastructural changes in the SIIR group. In the IIR group, serum MDA level was significantly increased to 171.7 +/- 6.7 nmol/ml (p < 0.05). Splenectomy significantly reduced serum MDA level to 87.8 +/- 2.5 nmol/ml in the SIIR group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Splenectomy attenuated degenerative findings encountered in lung, liver, and kidney ultrastructure after IIR. Splenectomy also significantly decreased serum levels of MDA. The possible role of splenectomy is to reduce the MFS cells, which play an important role in the remote organ injury after intestinal reperfusion damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University Medical School, Isparta, Turkey. cagrisavas@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozogul
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karaöz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delibas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozgüner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D013156:Splenectomy; D014463:Ultrasonography