title: Percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with acute cholecystitis: experience of 45 patients at a US referral center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard treatment for acute cholecystitis is cholecystectomy, but some patients are at high risk for immediate surgery. Percutaneous cholecystostomy might be the procedure of choice in this group. We reviewed the experience of percutaneous cholecystostomy in a large tertiary center population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy, and recorded indications for cholecystostomy, duration of tube placement, clinical outcome, death within 30 days of procedure, complications, bacteriology of aspirated bile, gallbladder contents, and performance of interval cholecystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five patients (mean age 63 years) had cholecystostomy tubes placed from July 1999 to March 2002. All had confirmed or presumed acute cholecystitis. Mean duration of tube insertion was 54.3 days. Thirty-six patients improved clinically within 5 days. Nine patients died within 30 days; only one death was directly related to gallbladder sepsis. Nine patients subsequently had laparoscopic cholecystectomy, eight had open cholecystectomy, and two had cholecystoenterostomy. Cholecystectomy was planned in another five patients. Cholecystostomy tubes leaked in two patients, blocked in four, and dislodged in one. One patient developed a hemoperitoneum. Bile aspirated at cholecystostomy was culture positive in 12 patients, negative in 16, and not sent or recorded in 17. Twenty-two patients had gallstones, 10 had sludge, 9 had both, and 4 had neither.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In experienced hands, percutaneous cholecystostomy is easy to perform, with low complication and high success rates. It is the procedure of choice in patients with acute cholecystitis unfit for emergency surgery. Patients often improve clinically, so that cholecystectomy can be done electively.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suhocki
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Theodore N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Stiffler
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jowell
authors.forename: Malcolm S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Branch
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baillie
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies