title: Angiogenic role of adrenomedullin through activation of Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cells.
abstract: Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide in human pheochromocytoma. To evaluate whether AM could be an angiogenic factor, we examined its effect on kinases and angiogenic processes. AM induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) by using distinct signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). AM also phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitor inhibited AM-induced focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Pretreatment with high concentrations of AM22-52, a putative AM receptor antagonist, partially suppressed AM-induced phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and focal adhesion kinase. AM and vascular endothelial growth factor produced increases in DNA synthesis and migration in HUVECs. AM induced tube formation in HUVECs, and its effect was inhibited by pretreatment with phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitor or ERK1/2 inhibitor. AM induced sprouting in porcine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and promoted neovessel formation in a mouse Matrigel plug assay. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and ERK1/2 inhibited AM-induced endothelial sprouting in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. AM exerts angiogenic activity through activation of Akt, MAPK, and focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 634-18, Keum-Am dong, Chonju, 560-180, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Mi Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Sung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: June-No
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Sung Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010455:Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D004247:DNA; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases