title: [A clinical analysis of glucagonoma syndrome (four cases reported)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of glucagonoma syndrome (GS) for providing clues for the recognition of this disorder in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and laboratory findings of four confirmed patients with GS were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four patients had typical clinical manifestations of necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), elevated glucagon level in serum and hepatic metastasis. The skin rashes disappeared gradually and serum glucagon level decreased after operation and somatostatin treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NME is the most specific clinical finding of GS. Biopsy of the lesions, glucagon level in serum and various radiological examinations should be done in order to confirm the diagnosis. Surgical resection, chemotherapy, and somatostatin are the main therapies of GS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing 100730, China. mdonglai@public3.bta.net.cn
authors.forename: Dong-lai
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jian-ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Bao-xi
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005935:Glucagonoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013004:Somatostatin