title: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with bilateral temporal bone involvement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease with variable clinical appearance. The etiology of LCH remains unclear to date. It is currently believed that clonal accumulation and proliferation of CD1a-positive Langerhans' cells are causative.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year-old boy presented with hypacusis and disturbance of balance. Auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) revealed severe bilateral labyrinthine hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed inflammatory changes with bone erosion in both temporal bones including labyrinthine systems and mastoid processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During bilateral surgical exploration, fragile slightly yellowish tissue with necrotic areas was found that turned out to be LCH on histology. Chemotherapy with vinblastine and prednisone was subsequently initiated, leading to continuing complete remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The initial presentation of LCH with bilateral temporal bone involvement is a very rare condition. The signs and symptoms of otologic histiocytosis can mimic those of acute and chronic infectious ear disease. Only a surgically obtained biopsy leads to definitive diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Germany. tobias.kleinjung@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kleinjung
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woenckhaus
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachthaler
authors.forename: Johannes E A
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Stephan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006646:Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014747:Vinblastine; D011241:Prednisone