title: Tension wood fibers are related to gravitropic movement of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) seedlings.
abstract: Freshly collected viviparous seedlings (propagules) were collected from wild plants of Rhizophora mangle and planted in vertical or horizontal positions. A total of 80 seedlings were examined anatomically at various ages and orientations. After rooting, seedlings reoriented from horizontal to vertical by extreme bending in the hook region of the hypocotyl directly above the basal 1 cm where roots formed. Hypocotyl bending occurred over many months. Trends in position and relative abundance of tension fibers (also called gelatinous fibers) over time were followed. The erection of the seedling was related to increased secondary xylem and the number of tension wood fibers on the upper side of the hook region. However, linear regressions had low coefficient of determination (r(2)) values, presumably related to seedlings with high variability.
authors.affiliation: Fairchild Tropical Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida 33156, USA. jfisher@fairchildgarden.org
authors.forename: Jack B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: P Barry
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Tomlinson