title: Induction of protective immune responses against R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in hu-PBL-SCID mice by intrasplenic immunization with HIV-1-pulsed dendritic cells: possible involvement of a novel factor of human CD4(+) T-cell origin.
abstract: The potential of a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in humans was explored with SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). HIV-1-negative normal human PBMC were transplanted directly into the spleens of SCID mice (hu-PBL-SCID-spl mice) together with autologous mature DCs pulsed with either inactivated HIV-1 (strain R5 or X4) or ovalbumin (OVA), followed by a booster injection 5 days later with autologous DCs pulsed with the same respective antigens. Five days later, these mice were challenged intraperitoneally with R5 HIV-1(JR-CSF). Analysis of infection at 7 days postinfection showed that the DC-HIV-1-immunized hu-PBL-SCID-spl mice, irrespective of the HIV-1 isolate used for immunization, were protected against HIV-1 infection. In contrast, none of the DC-OVA-immunized mice were protected. Sera from the DC-HIV-1- but not the DC-OVA-immunized mice inhibited the in vitro infection of activated PBMC and macrophages with R5, but not X4, HIV-1. Upon restimulation with HIV-1 in vitro, the human CD4(+) T cells derived from the DC-HIV-1-immunized mice produced a similar R5 HIV-1 suppressor factor. Neutralizing antibodies against human RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-13, IL-16, MCP-1, MCP-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), or TNF-beta failed to reverse the HIV-1-suppressive activity. These results show that inactivated HIV-1-pulsed autologous DCs can stimulate splenic resident human CD4(+) T cells in hu-PBL-SCID-spl mice to produce a yet-to-be-defined, novel soluble factor(s) with protective properties against R5 HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yuetsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines