title: [Nitric oxide production and expression of cytokines by macrophages infected by M. tuberculosis H(37)R(v)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine expression by macrophages infected by M. tuberculosis H(37)R(v), and to compare the difference between dead and live M. tuberculosis in the induction of immune responses, and thus to show if dead bacteria could be a possible candidate for new vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA were used to measure the production of NO and cytokines in macrophages infected by H(37)R(v).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macrophages infected by viable M. tuberculosis produced more NO, IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), as compared with macrophages infected by dead bacteria. The number of bacteria was also an important factor determining the production of NO and cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viable M. tuberculosis H(37)R(v) can induce the activation of macrophages and the production of more NO and cytokines which play important roles in the host immune response. Heat-killed M. tuberculosis H(37)R(v) failed to induce activation of macrophages and the production of NO and cytokines, which makes it unlikely to be a candidate for vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-you
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ai-ying
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pan-jian
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shu-xiang
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiao-you
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-fei
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide