title: Induction of apoptosis by takrisodokyeum through generation of hydrogen peroxide and activation of caspase-3 in HL-60 cells.
abstract: Takrisodokyeum (TRSDY), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been known to exert anti-tumoral activity in Korea. However, its molecular mechanism of action is not understood. In this study, we found that TRSDY induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells as evidenced by both a characteristic ladder pattern of discontinuous DNA fragments and an increase of annexin V+/PI- stained cell population. Our data demonstrated that TRSDY-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and cleavages of its substrates, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI-2; also called D4-GDI) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Caspase-3 inhibitor, but not caspase-1 inhibitor, prevented TRSDY-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with TRSDY increased the production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and pretreatment of cells with anti-oxidants conferred complete protection against hydrogen peroxide generation and subsequent caspase-3 activation. Taken together, these results suggest that TRSDY induces hydrogen peroxide generation, which, in turn, causes activation of caspase-3, degradation of PARP and D4-GDI, and eventually leads to apoptotic cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Beom
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Cheul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Eun-A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Do-Gon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007938:Leukemia; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011506:Proteins; C476700:takrisodokyeum; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases