title: [Molecular therapy of breast carcinoma in the advanced phase].
abstract: Conventional chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of breast cancer have limited efficacy and are associated with significant toxicity, highlighting the need for novel targeted therapies. Increased expression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases frequently occurs in human breast carcinomas and, therefore, several clinical trials are currently evaluating therapies targeting these receptors. Therapeutic strategies include blockade of individual receptors with monoclonal antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab) and inhibition of tyrosine kinase function (e.g., gefitinib). Trastuzumab is the first agent that has been approved for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer. Other growth-factor targeted drugs are in clinical development such as STI-571, farnesyl-transferase inhibitors and antibodies directed at the insulin-like growth factor.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Regina Elena, Roma.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foggi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amodio
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017368:Protein Prenylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000187:drug effects; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D000068878:Trastuzumab