title: Experimental and theoretical study of the spread of fluid from a point source on an inclined incontinence bed-pad.
abstract: The spread of fluid from a localized source on to a flat fibrous sheet is studied. The sheet is inclined at an angle, alpha, to the horizontal, and the areal flux of the fluid released is Qa. A new experimental study is described where the dimensions of the wetted region are measured as a function of time t, Qa and alpha (>0). The down-slope length, Y, grows according to Y approximately (Qa t)(2/3) (sin alpha)(1/3); for high discharge rates and low angles of inclination, the cross-slope width, X, grows as approximately (Qa t)(1/2), while for low discharge rates or high angles of inclination, the cross-slope transport is dominated by infiltration and X approximately 2(2Ks psi* t)(1/2), where Ks is the saturated permeability and psi* is the characteristic value of capillary pressure. A scaling analysis of the underlying non-linear advection diffusion equation describing the infiltration process confirms many of the salient features of the flow observed. Good agreement is observed between the collapse of the numerical solutions and experimental results. The broader implications of these results for incontinence bed-pad research are briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eames
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cottenden
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016062:Porosity; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013784:Textiles; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014867:Water