title: Oral cyclophosphamide for treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating adjuvant used in refractory cases of pemphigus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) with refractory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 23 patients with pemphigus (20 with PV; 3 with PF) who failed to achieve clinical remissions with the use of prednisone and antimetabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete remission was achieved in 17 patients with PV and 2 with PF. A total of 3 patients with PV failed therapy. A partial remission was achieved in 1 patient with PF. The treatment was administered for a median duration of 17 months with a follow-up period of 27 months. The median time to complete remission was 8.5 months. A total of 9 patients who were severely affected received concomitant plasma exchange. Adverse reactions included 5 cases of hematuria, 6 nonlife-threatening infections, and the development of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder 15 years after discontinuation of cyclophosphamide in 1 patient. No death was associated with cyclophosphamide treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral cyclophosphamide is an effective adjuvant in the treatment of severe and refractory PV and PF, but requires close monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MS 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mimouni
authors.forename: Grant J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Anhalt
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nousari
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide