title: Analysis of eighteen antidepressants, four atypical antipsychotics and active metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography: a simple tool for therapeutic drug monitoring.
abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring necessitates efficient, fast and reliable analytical methods validated by external quality control. We therefore devised an isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method with ultraviolet detection and optimised this to quantify mirtazapine, reboxetine, moclobemide, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, doxepin, nordoxepin, clomipramine, norclomipramine, trimipramine, mianserine, maprotiline, normaprotiline, amisulpride, clozapine, norclozapine, quetiapine, risperidone and 9-OH-risperidone in human serum. After solid-phase extraction of the drugs and metabolites, the chromatographic separation was achieved on a Nucleosil 100-Protect 1 column with acetonitrile-potassium dihydrogenphosphate buffer as mobile phase. The method was validated for therapeutic and toxic serum ranges. A linear relationship (r>0.998) was obtained between the concentration and the detector signal. Recoveries were between 75 and 99% for the drugs and metabolites. The accuracy of the quality control samples, expressed as percent recovery, ranged from 91 to 118%; intra- and inter-assay-relative standard deviations were 0.9-10.2% and 0.9-9.7%, respectively. Additional external quality control is carried out since 3 years. This method is applicable to rapidly and effectively analyze serum or plasma samples for therapeutic drug monitoring of about 30 antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frahnert
authors.forename: Marie Luise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grasmäder
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000097:blood*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents