title: Membrane phospholipid abnormalities of basal ganglia in never-treated schizophrenia: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in schizophrenia using in vivo (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have mostly focused on the association cortices, including the frontal and temporal lobes. Striatum has also been implicated in schizophrenia, although neuroleptic exposure in the patients is a potential confound limiting interpretation of earlier studies. We examined membrane phospholipid abnormality in the basal ganglia using (31)P MRS in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Never-treated, DSM-IV schizophrenia patients (n=20) and age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (n=30) underwent in vivo 1-D 31P MRS of both basal ganglia using an image-selected technique on a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. A neuroradiologist blind to clinical data measured the phosphomonoester (PME) and phosphodiester (PDE) from the spectra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The schizophrenia patients showed significantly and bilaterally elevated levels of PME/PDE ratios in basal ganglia as compared with control subjects. There were no significant differences in the ratios between the two sides in either patient or control groups. Phosphomonoester/phosphodiester ratio did not correlate with illness duration. Lower Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores were associated with lower PME/PDE ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The basal ganglia of never-treated schizophrenia patients show features suggestive of reduced breakdown and/or increased synthesis of membrane phospholipids. Lack of correlation between illness duration and the membrane phosphorus moiety ratio may be consistent with a nonprogressive, possibly neurodevelopmental etiopathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Perumbava N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
authors.forename: Bangalore N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gangadhar
authors.forename: Doddaballapur K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Subbakrishna
authors.forename: Nimmagadda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janakiramaiah
authors.forename: Jakka S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: Matcheri S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keshavan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes