title: Intracellular trafficking of a palmitoylated membrane-associated protein component of enveloped vaccinia virus.
abstract: The F13L protein of vaccinia virus, an essential and abundant palmitoylated peripheral membrane component of intra- and extracellular enveloped virions, associates with Golgi, endosomal, and plasma membranes in the presence or absence of other viral proteins. In the present study, the trafficking of a fully functional F13L-green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimera in transfected and productively infected cells was analyzed using specific markers and inhibitors. We found that Sar1(H79G), a trans-dominant-negative protein inhibitor of cargo transport from the endoplasmic reticulum, had no apparent effect on the intracellular distribution of F13L-GFP, suggesting that the initial membrane localization occurs at a downstream compartment of the secretory pathway. Recycling of F13L-GFP from the plasma membrane was demonstrated by partial colocalization with FM4-64, a fluorescent membrane marker of endocytosis. Punctate F13L-GFP fluorescence overlapped with clathrin and Texas red-conjugated transferrin, suggesting that endocytosis occurred via clathrin-coated pits. The inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine and trans-dominant-negative forms of dynamin and Eps15 protein on the recycling of F13L-GFP provided further evidence for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, the F13L protein was specifically coimmunoprecipitated with alpha-adaptin, a component of the AP-2 complex that interacts with Eps15. Nocodazole and wortmannin perturbed the intracellular trafficking of F13L-GFP, consistent with its entry into late and early endosomes through the secretory and endocytic pathways, respectively. The recycling pathway described here provides a mechanism for the reutilization of the F13L protein following its deposition in the plasma membrane during the exocytosis of enveloped virions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0445, USA.
authors.forename: Matloob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002966:Clathrin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002966:Clathrin; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D015739:Nocodazole; D000077191:Wortmannin