title: Distinctive proliferative phase differences in gene expression in human myometrium and leiomyomata.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain a comprehensive view of the gene expression and regulation involved in uterine leiomyomata and matched normal myometrium using oligonucleotide microarray-based hybridization analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analyses of tissue obtained in a prospective randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with leiomyomata scheduled for surgery during the proliferative phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven paired samples of leiomyomata and adjacent myometrium were obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The total RNA extracted from leiomyomata and myometrium was used for gene expression profiling of 6800 human genes using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. In addition, reverse transcriptase-semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to validate tumor-specific gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison of expression patterns in each paired sample revealed 68 genes significantly up- or down-regulated in each paired tissue sample, of which 23 genes showed increased expression and 45 showed decreased expression in leiomyomata compared with normal myometrium. Cluster analysis supported the relevance of these candidate genes for distinguishing between normal myometrium and leiomyomata biologic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression profiling of uterine leiomyomata using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays yields signature patterns that reflect the distinctive differences between normal human myometrium and leiomyomata during the proliferative phase. These observations suggest that a number of genes are involved in the tumorigenesis of leiomyomata.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mamatha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahadevappa
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Bertha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Warrington
authors.forename: Mary Lake
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Polan
mesh_terms: D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D005810:Multigene Family; D009215:Myometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen