title: Combination of DNA-directed immobilization and immuno-PCR: very sensitive antigen detection by means of self-assembled DNA-protein conjugates.
abstract: An assay for very sensitive antigen detection is described which takes advantage of the self- assembly capabilities of semi-synthetic conjugates of DNA and proteins. The general scheme of this assay is similar to a two-sided (sandwich) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA); however, covalent single-stranded DNA-streptavidin (STV) conjugates, capable of hybridizing to complementary surface-bound DNA oligomers, are utilized for the effective immobilization of either capture antibodies or antigens, rather than the chemi- or physisorption usually applied in ELISA. Immuno-PCR (IPCR) is employed as a method for signal generation, utilizing oligomeric reagents obtained by self-assembly of STV, biotinylated DNA and antibodies. In three different model systems, detecting human IgG, rabbit IgG or carcinoembryonic antigen, this combination allowed one to increase the sensitivity of the analogous ELISA approximately 1000-fold. For example, <0.1 amol/ micro l (15 pg/ml) of rabbit IgG was detectable. The immunoassay can be carried out in a single step by tagging the analyte with both reagents for capture and read-out simultaneously, thereby significantly reducing handling time and costs of analysis. Moreover, as the spatial selectivity of target immobilization is determined by the specificity of DNA base pairing, the assay is particularly suited for miniaturized microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices.
authors.affiliation: Universität Dortmund, Fachbereich Chemie, Biologisch-Chemische Mikrostrukturtechnik, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. cmn@chemie.uni-dortmund.de
authors.forename: Christof M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Niemeyer
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wacker
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011817:Rabbits; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019809:Streptavidin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D004247:DNA; D019809:Streptavidin