title: Common craniofacial anomalies: facial clefts and encephaloceles.
abstract: The wide variety of craniofacial malformations makes classification difficult. A simple classification system allows an overview of the current understanding of the causes, assessments, and treatments of the most frequently encountered craniofacial anomalies. Facial clefts and encephaloceles are reviewed with respect to their diverse causes, pathogenesis, anatomical features, and treatments. Approaches to the surgical treatment of these conditions are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75246. USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: P Craig
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hobar
mesh_terms: D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans