title: Skeletal growth and long-term bone turnover after enterocystoplasty in a chronic rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate skeletal growth and bone metabolism in a chronic animal model of urinary diversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young male Wistar rats (120) were allocated randomly to four groups undergoing: ileocystoplasty, ileocystoplasty and resection of the ileocaecal segment, colocystoplasty, and controls. All animals received antibiotics for 1 week after surgery; half of each group remained on oral antibiotics. Bone-related biochemistry was measured in serum and urine. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) were used to determine bone mass ex vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most (90%) of the rats survived the study period (8 months); six rats died from bowel obstruction at the level of the entero-anastomosis and four had to be killed because of persistent severe diarrhoea. Vital intestinal mucosa was found in all augmented bladders. There were no differences in bone length and volume. Loss of bone mass was almost exclusively in rats with ileocystoplasty and resection of the ileocaecal segment (-37.5%, pQCT, P < 0.01). There was no hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis or gross impairment of renal function. Hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcaemia and decreased insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 were the only significant findings on blood analysis. Deoxypyridinoline crosslinks in urine were higher in rats with an enterocystoplasty than in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enterocystoplasty in rats neither impairs skeletal growth nor bone quantity, but leads to significant loss of bone mass when combined with resection of the ileocaecal segment. Rarefaction of the trabecular network is confined to the metabolically highly active cancellous compartment, most likely as a consequence of intestinal malabsorption.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Urology & Nephrology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK. Gerharz_E@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gerharz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosekilde
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moniz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sitter
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ransley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riedmiller
authors.forename: C R J
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D004798:Enzymes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D003404:Creatinine