title: Integrin beta3 Leu33Pro homozygosity and risk of cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased tumor cell expression of integrins containing the beta3 subunit is associated with increased progression to invasive tumors, whereas inhibition of beta3 integrin expression and/or function may reduce tumor growth and metastasis. The Leu33Pro polymorphism of the beta3 subunit modulates the function of alpha(IIb)beta3 integrin. We examined whether this polymorphism influences cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using participants (n = 9242) from the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 24 years of follow-up and endpoints from the Danish Cancer Registry, we assessed the risk of all cancers and of 27 cancer types in individuals who carry the Leu33Pro polymorphism (heterozygotes and homozygotes) relative to those without the polymorphism (non-carriers). Relative risks (RRs) of cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Differences in cumulative cancer incidence (per 10 000 person-years) were tested using log-rank statistics. Statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participants, 70.0% were non-carriers, 27.3% were heterozygotes, and 2.7% were homozygotes. We detected 1296 participants with a first cancer. Cumulative incidences in non-carriers, heterozygotes, and homozygotes were 81, 83, and 112, respectively (homozygotes versus non-carriers, P =.02). The age-adjusted RR of all cancers in homozygotes relative to non-carriers was 1.4 (95% CI = 1.1 to 1.9). Incidences in non-carriers, heterozygotes, and homozygotes were 3, 4, and 16 for ovarian cancer; 19, 24, and 36 for breast cancer; and 2, 3, and 7 for melanoma (homozygotes versus non-carriers; P =.002, P =.06, and P =.03, respectively). The age-adjusted RR in homozygotes relative to non-carriers was 4.7 (95% CI = 1.6 to 14) for ovarian cancer, 1.9 (95% CI = 1.0 to 3.7) for breast cancer, and 3.5 (95% CI = 1.1 to 12) for melanoma. Adjustment for other cancer risk factors did not alter these results. Heterozygotes did not differ from non-carriers with respect to cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals homozygous for the Leu33Pro polymorphism of the beta3 integrin subunit have an increased cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Stig E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bojesen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tybjaerg-Hansen
authors.forename: Børge G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nordestgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D003596:Cytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000235:genetics*; D007930:Leucine / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013941:Thymine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039661:Integrin beta3; D003596:Cytosine; D011392:Proline; D007930:Leucine; D013941:Thymine