title: Nonclinical safety evaluation of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin mucosal adjuvant as a component of a nasal influenza vaccine.
abstract: Conventional influenza vaccines currently in use are administered parenterally and generally confer good protection against systemic disease through the induction of high titers of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies. Parenteral vaccines are suboptimal in that they fail to induce a local mucosal response that may prevent the early stages of virus infection. Thus, the intranasal administration of a vaccine may provide a viable alternative to the parenteral route. Indeed, intranasal administration of vaccine antigens when formulated with an appropriate mucosal adjuvant (e.g., bacterial toxins), results in a vigorous local and systemic immune response. This review discusses the nonclinical safety evaluation of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin as a mucosal adjuvant for an intranasally administered influenza vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Pevion Biotech Ltd, Bern, Switzerland. rinaldo.zurbriggen@pevion.com
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zurbriggen
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glück
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Viret
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D020330:Bell Palsy / Q000209:etiology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005289:Ferrets; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism; D010215:Papio; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012449:Safety; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli