title: Changes in median nerve somatosensory transmission and motor output following transient deafferentation of the radial nerve in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if transient anaesthetic deafferentation of the radial nerve would lead to alterations in processing of early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from the median nerve or alter cortico-motor output to the median nerve innervated abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spinal, brainstem, and cortical SEPs to median nerve stimulation were recorded before, during and after ipsilateral radial nerve block with local anaesthesia. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and motor cortex output maps were recorded from the APB muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant changes to most early SEP peaks. The N30 peak, however, showed a significant increase in amplitude, which remained elevated throughout the anaesthetic period, returning to baseline once the anaesthetic had completely worn off. MEP amplitude of the median nerve innervated APB muscle was significantly decreased during the radial nerve blockade. There was also a significant alteration in the APB optimal site location, and a small but significant decrease in the silent period during the radial nerve blockade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient anaesthetic deafferentation of the radial nerve at the elbow leads to a rapid modulation of cortical processing of median nerve input and output. These changes suggest an overall decrease in motor cortex output to a median nerve innervated muscle not affected by the radial nerve block, occurring concomitantly with an increased amplitude of the median nerve generated N30 SEP peak, thought to represent processing in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Independent subcortical connections to the SMA are thought to contribute to the N30 response observed in this study. Unmasking of pre-existing but latent cortico-cortical and/or thalamo-cortical connections may be the mechanism underlying the cortical SEP increases observed following radial nerve deafferentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transient deafferentation of the radial nerve, which supplies wrist and hand extensor muscles, has been shown to alter sensory processing from and motor output to the median nerve innervated thenar muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Tamaki Campus, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. b.murphy@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haavik Taylor
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D011826:Radial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors