title: Single megadose vitamin A supplementation of Indian mothers and morbidity in breastfed young infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In developing countries low maternal vitamin A stores combined with increased demands of pregnancy and lactation may lead to its deficiency in breastfed infants. This study evaluates the effects of maternal supplementation with a high dose of vitamin A on the serum retinol levels of exclusively breastfed infants, and their morbidity in the first six months of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital based.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers of the test group (n=150) were orally supplemented with a single dose of retinol (209 micro mol) soon after delivery and were advised exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Before supplementation retinol levels were estimated in the mothers' and newborns' blood, and in colostrum. On follow up, breastmilk and infants' serum retinol contents were assessed monthly for six months. Retinol level <0.7 micro mol/l indicated vitamin A deficiency. Morbidity patterns like vitamin A deficiency, diarrhoea, febrile illnesses, acute respiratory infection, measles, and ear infection were also studied and compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presupplement mean maternal serum retinol levels were 0.98 and 0.92 micro mol/l and mean breastmilk levels were 3.85 and 3.92 micro mol/l in the test and control groups respectively (p>0.05). Mean cord blood retinol levels were also comparable (0.68 v 0.64 micro mol/l). After supplementation, the test group showed a rise in mean breastmilk retinol content (12.08 v 2.96 micro mol/l) which remained significantly higher for four months. The infants' mean serum retinol level, initially 322.06% of the baseline value, was significantly higher for five months. In the control group, significant numbers of mothers and infants showed deficient breastmilk and serum retinol throughout the follow up (p<0.01). Decreased incidence and duration of various diseases were also found in the test group suggesting lesser morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal supplementation with single megadose vitamin A is an effective strategy for vitamin A prophylaxis of exclusively breastfed infants of 0-6 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, NRS Medical College and Hospitals, Calcutta, West Bengal, India. drsriparnabasu@rediffmail.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.forename: P K Roy
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Paladhi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009035:Mothers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014504:Urban Health; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A