title: Dietary composition and weight change among low-income preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between dietary composition and weight change among children. We tested several hypotheses considering intake of nutrients (total fat and fiber) and predefined food groups (breads and grains, "fat foods," fruits, and vegetables) used in the North Dakota Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC Program).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study. Subjects We collected dietary, anthropometric, and sociodemographic data from 1379 children aged 2 to 5 years participating in the North Dakota WIC Program on 2 visits ranging from 6 to 12 months apart. Main Outcome Measure Annual change in weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multiple regression analyses, no significant relations were found between total intake of fat, fiber, fruits, or vegetables and weight change. There was a 0.16-kg lower weight change per year (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.20 to -0.12 kg; P<.01) with each additional daily serving of breads and grains, and a 0.05-kg greater weight change per year (95% CI, 0.1-0.09 kg; P<.05) for each additional serving of fat foods in a model adjusting for sex, age, baseline weight, change in height, and sociodemographic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intake of North Dakota WIC Program-defined fat foods, but not dietary fat per se, significantly predicted weight gain, whereas intake of North Dakota WIC Program-defined breads and grains, but not fiber per se, significantly predicted weight loss in preschool children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. pknewby@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Catherine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Berkey
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leppert
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004045:Dietary Services; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009658:North Dakota; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011632:Public Assistance; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires