title: Lipoproteins in the DCCT/EDIC cohort: associations with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipoproteins may contribute to diabetic nephropathy. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can quantify subclasses and mean particle size of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL), and LDL particle concentration. The relationship between detailed lipoprotein analyses and diabetic nephropathy is of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, lipoproteins from 428 women and 540 men from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort were characterized by conventional lipid enzymology, NMR, apolipoprotein levels, and LDL oxidizibility. Linear regression was performed for each lipoprotein parameter versus log albumin excretion rate (AER), with and without covariates for age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, hypertension, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and DCCT treatment group. Significance was taken at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By multivariate analysis, conventional profile, total triglycerides, total- and LDL cholesterol, but not HDL cholesterol, were associated with AER. NMR-determined large, medium, and small VLDL were associated with AER in both genders (except large VLDL in women), and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) was associated with AER (men only). LDL particle concentration and ApoB were positively associated with AER (in men and in the total cohort), and there was a borderline inverse association between LDL diameter and AER in men. Small HDL was positively associated with AER and a borderline negative association was found for large HDL. No associations were found with ApoA1, Lp(a), or LDL oxidizibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potentially atherogenic lipoprotein profiles are associated with renal dysfunction in type 1 diabetes and further details are gained from NMR analysis. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if dyslipoproteinemia can predict patients at risk of nephropathy, or if lipoprotein-related interventions retard nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Deyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Otvos
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lackland
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: W Timothy
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D003404:Creatinine