title: Depression in sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and examine the contribution of demographics, disease severity, and health care use variables to depressive symptoms in sickle cell patients who had been in stable health for at least one month.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were a convenience sample of 27 men and 23 women selected during a routine visit to the sickle cell clinic at Howard University Hospital. Depression was assessed using a cut-off score from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and related to a variety of health outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the analyses indicate that 44% (n=22) of the sample scored within the mild to severe (>20) range of depression on the BDI. Depressed sickle cell patients were more frequently treated in emergency rooms and more likely to be hospitalized with vaso-occlusive crises. Patients more likely to be depressed were: those with low family income (<$10,000); less than high school education; female; those who had multiple blood transfusions; poor pain control; inadequate social support; hydroxyurea use; and had histories of frequent vaso-occlusive crises.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of depressive symptoms in sickle cell patients is high compared to the general African American population. Our findings confirmed previous studies examining the occurrence of depression in adults with sickle cell disease. Treatment of depression should be strongly considered to improve the quality of life and probably disease course in sickle cell patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC 20059, USA. phasan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Syed Parwez
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alhassen
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Oswaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castro
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012944:Social Support