title: Treatment of secondary peritonitis: is a less expensive broad-spectrum antibiotic as effective as a carbapenem?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this retrospective study, the possibility of using amoxicillin/clavulanate for empirical therapy of secondary peritonitis as an alternative to imipenem was explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  All secondary peritonitis cases at our institution between 1998 and 2000 were included. Susceptibility to imipenem and amoxicillin/clavulanate of microorganisms isolated in peritoneal fluid and success rates were compared. Therapeutic failure was defined as death, necessity of repeated surgical intervention, or clinical deterioration with persistent positive cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six cases of secondary peritonitis with 156 microorganisms were found. One hundred and forty-nine (98%) were susceptible to imipenem versus 124 (82%) to amoxicillin/clavulanate (p = 0.0001). Thirteen therapeutic failures occurred in 52 patients treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate (25%) versus 3 out of 8 (38%) with imipenem (p = 0.43). The proportion of organisms resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate in therapeutic failures was greater in nosocomial versus community-acquired secondary peritonitis (p = 0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite its better in vitro bacteriological activity, clinical efficacy of imipenem was identical to amoxicillin/clavulanate. The use of amoxicillin/clavulanate instead of imipenem would save 889 Euro per case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of La Chaux-de-Fonds, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. daniel.genne@ne.ch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Genné
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menetrey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaquet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Indino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sénéchaud
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Siegrist
mesh_terms: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016527:Drug Costs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015378:Imipenem; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination