title: Static filling pressure in patients during induced ventricular fibrillation.
abstract: The static pressure resulting after the cessation of flow is thought to reflect the filling of the cardiovascular system. In the past, static filling pressures or mean circulatory filling pressures have only been reported in experimental animals and in human corpses, respectively. We investigated arterial and central venous pressures in supine, anesthetized humans with longer fibrillation/defibrillation sequences (FDSs) during cardioverter/defibrillator implantation. In 82 patients, the average number of FDSs was 4 +/- 2 (mean +/- SD), and their duration was 13 +/- 2 s. In a total of 323 FDSs, arterial blood pressure decreased with a time constant of 2.9 +/- 1.0 s from 77.5 +/- 34.4 to 24.2 +/- 5.3 mmHg. Central venous pressure increased with a time constant of 3.6 +/- 1.3 s from 7.5 +/- 5.2 to 11.0 +/- 5.4 mmHg (36 points, 141 FDS). The average arteriocentral venous blood pressure difference remained at 13.2 +/- 6.2 mmHg. Although it slowly decreased, the pressure difference persisted even with FDSs lasting 20 s. Lack of true equilibrium pressure could possibly be due to a waterfall mechanism. However, waterfalls were identified neither between the left ventricle and large arteries nor at the level of the diaphragm in supine patients. We therefore suggest that static filling pressures/mean circulatory pressures can only be directly assessed if the time after termination of cardiac pumping is adequate, i.e., >20 s. For humans, such times are beyond ethical options.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery I, University Hospital Dusseldorf, D 40225, Germany. schipke@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schipke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heusch
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sanii
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*