title: Allowed N-glycosylation sites on the Kv1.2 potassium channel S1-S2 linker: implications for linker secondary structure and the glycosylation effect on channel function.
abstract: N-glycosylation is a post-translational modification that plays a role in the trafficking and/or function of some membrane proteins. We have shown previously that N-glycosylation affected the function of some Kv1 voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels [Watanabe, Wang, Sutachan, Zhu, Recio-Pinto and Thornhill (2003) J. Physiol. (Cambridge, U.K.) 550, 51-66]. Kv1 channel S1-S2 linkers vary in length but their N-glycosylation sites are at similar relative positions from the S1 or S2 membrane domains. In the present study, by a scanning mutagenesis approach, we determined the allowed N-glycosylation sites on the Kv1.2 S1-S2 linker, which has 39 amino acids, by engineering N-glycosylation sites and assaying for glycosylation, using their sensitivity to glycosidases. The middle section of the linker (54% of linker) was glycosylated at every position, whereas both end sections (46% of linker) near the S1 or S2 membrane domains were not. These findings suggested that the middle section of the S1-S2 linker was accessible to the endoplasmic reticulum glycotransferase at every position and was in the extracellular aqueous phase, and presumably in a flexible conformation. We speculate that the S1-S2 linker is mostly a coiled-loop structure and that the strict relative position of native glycosylation sites on these linkers may be involved in the mechanism underlying the functional effects of glycosylation on some Kv1 K+ channels. The S3-S4 linker, with 16 amino acids and no N-glycosylation site, was not glycosylated when an N-glycosylation site was added. However, an extended linker, with an added N-linked site, was glycosylated, which suggested that the native linker was not glycosylated due to its short length. Thus other ion channels or membrane proteins may also have a high glycosylation potential on a linker but yet have similarly positioned native N-glycosylation sites among isoforms. This may imply that the native position of the N-glycosylation site may be important if the carbohydrate tree plays a role in the folding, stability, trafficking and/or function of the protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poholek
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koss
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Chaowen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Recio-Pinto
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Thornhill
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D015151:Immunoblotting; D051662:Kv1.1 Potassium Channel; D051663:Kv1.2 Potassium Channel; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C496972:Kcna2 protein, rat; D051663:Kv1.2 Potassium Channel; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D051662:Kv1.1 Potassium Channel