title: The first identification of azaspiracids in shellfish from France and Spain.
abstract: Incidents of human intoxications throughout Europe, following the consumption of mussels have been attributed to Azaspiracid Poisoning (AZP). Although first discovered in Ireland, the search for the causative toxins, named azaspiracids, in other European countries has now led to the first discovery of these toxins in shellfish from France and Spain. Separation of the toxins, azaspiracid (AZA1) and analogues, AZA2 and AZA3, was achieved using isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled, via an electrospray ionisation source, to an ion-trap mass spectrometer. Azaspiracids were identified in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), 0.24 microg/g, from Galicia, Spain, and scallops (Pecten maximus), 0.32 microg/g, from Brittany, France. Toxin profiles were similar to those found in the equivalent shellfish in Ireland in which AZA1 was the predominant toxin.
authors.affiliation: PROTEOBIO, Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomics and Biotoxin Research, Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ana Braña
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Magdalena
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehane
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krys
authors.forename: Mariá Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Ambrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furey
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005602:France; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000506:poisoning; D008974:Mollusca / Q000378:metabolism*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning; D013030:Spain; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000506:poisoning; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C406592:azaspiracid; D000095702:Polyether Toxins