title: The application of ultrasound contrast, 3D imaging and tissue harmonic imaging in the differential diagnosis of lymph nodes enlargement in children.
abstract: The application of Power Doppler mode examination introduced the assessment of vascularisation and measurement of blood flow parameters in lymph node's vessels as a differentiating criterion of benign and malignant lymphadenopathy. However, those criteria appeared insufficient in evaluation of the malignancy grade of enlarged lymph nodes, especially in the cases of lymph nodes with invisible or scantly visible vascularisation in Power Doppler mode. Introducing contrast media in ultrasonographic examinations enabling intensification of the Doppler signal even by 20 dB creates the hope of increasing diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography in evaluation of vascularisation in lymph nodes enlargement. The purpose of the study was to define the usefulness of ultrasonographic contrast media (Levovist), 3D presentation and harmonic imaging in differential diagnosis of lymph nodes enlargement in children. 32 children with cervical lymph nodes enlargement underwent examination with ultrasonography. In the examinations, Levovist by Schering was used in concentration 300, the amount depending on patient's body mass. The analysis of results obtained in the study revealed that application of contrast media enables better visualisation of lymph node vascularisation. Localisation of the vessels which were not shown in conventional Doppler mode enables visualisation of the vessel architecture in the lymph node and better defining of vascularisation pattern. Application of the new methods of THI and 3D imaging and contrast media in Power Doppler examinations increases the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography in differentiating lymph nodes alternations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lublin.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dybiec
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brodzisz
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietka
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obłoza
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niedzielska
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D009333:Neck; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011134:Polysaccharides; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508