title: Coffee and tea intake and risk of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal cancer.
abstract: The relation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea and oral/pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer risk is inadequately quantified. Data were derived from hospital-based case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland. The study on oral/pharyngeal cancer included 749 cases and 1772 controls, and that of esophageal cancer 395 cases and 1066 controls. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. The OR for >3 cups/day of coffee compared with </=1 were 0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.9) for oral/pharyngeal, and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-0.9) for esophageal cancer, consistent across strata of age, sex, education and alcohol. The inverse trends in risk were significant. No association emerged with decaffeinated coffee (OR 1.1 for oral/pharyngeal and 0.6 for esophageal cancer) or tea (OR 0.9 for both cancers), consumed in low amounts by these populations. Coffee may decrease the risk of oral/pharyngeal and esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. tavani@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavani
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parpinel
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea