title: Virosomal adjuvanted antigen delivery systems.
abstract: The development of novel and increasingly safer vaccines frequently utilizes well-characterized antigens, in particular highly purified proteins or synthetic peptides. In spite of some achievements, this approach is frequently impeded by the fact that such antigens are often poor immunogens when administered alone. This fact has necessitated the development of suitable adjuvants that possess the ability to enhance the immunogenicity of a given antigen, preferably with little or no side effects. This paper discusses one of the successes of vaccinology of the past decade: virosomal vaccines. The principles of the concept, immunoadjuvant action and application of virosomes in two currently licensed vaccines are detailed, with specific reference to the induction of both humoral and cellular immunity.
authors.affiliation: Virology, Berna Biotech Ltd, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Viret
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D022701:Virosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; C475022:Inflexal V; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome; D022701:Virosomes