title: Measurement of Brn-3a levels in Pap smears provides a novel diagnostic marker for the detection of cervical neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously demonstrated that Brn-3a cellular transcription factor activates transcription of the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes in human cervical cancer cells and that Brn-3a levels are dramatically elevated in biopsies from women with high-grade cervical neoplasia. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between Brn-3a levels in Pap smears and the histological diagnoses. We also analysed whether Brn-3a levels can be used in combination with Pap smear to predict the presence of cervical intraepithelial lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-eight women who were referred with abnormal Pap smear underwent a diagnostic colposcopy, repeat in-study Pap smear, colposcopically directed biopsy, and assessment of Brn-3a and HPV-16 E6 m-RNA levels. Data were analysed to assess the association between Brn-3a levels and the histological diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brn-3a was readily measured in smears and showed a statistically significant correlation with the grade of cervical abnormality. Positive Brn-3a is associated with increased relative risk of higher-grade lesion. Moreover, measurement of Brn-3a levels in smears can be used to detect a significant proportion of cervical lesions that were missed by Pap smear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of Brn-3a levels in routinely taken Pap smears is a feasible technique that correlates with the severity of the epithelial abnormality and is a useful adjunct to cytology. Brn-3a appears to have great promise since it detects activation of oncogenic HPVs rather than simply detecting their presence, as is currently being done.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK. sindosgyn@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sindos
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ndisang
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pisal
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Latchman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003127:Colposcopy; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050819:Transcription Factor Brn-3A; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; C494188:POU4F1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050819:Transcription Factor Brn-3A; D014157:Transcription Factors