title: DLX genes as targets of ALL-1: DLX 2,3,4 down-regulation in t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
abstract: Dlx genes constitute a gene family thought to be essential in morphogenesis and development. We show here that in vertebrate cells, Dlx genes appear to be part of a regulatory cascade initiated by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-1, a master regulator gene whose disruption is implicated in several human acute leukemias. The expression of Dlx2, Dlx3, Dlx5, Dlx6, and Dlx7 was absent in All-1 -/- mouse embryonic stem cells and reduced in All-1 +/- cells. In leukemic patients affected by the t(4;11)(q21;q23) chromosomal abnormality, the expression of DLX2, DLX3, and DLX4 was virtually abrogated. Our data indicate that Dlx genes are downstream targets of ALL-1 and could be considered as important tools for the study of the early leukemic cell phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro IST, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Giulio L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Palmisano
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paleari
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mangioni
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fidanza
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albini
authors.forename: Carlo M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brigati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics*; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; C105304:DLX4 protein, human; C491014:DLX6 protein, human; D017931:DNA Primers; C088334:Distal-less homeobox proteins; C104149:Dlx4 protein, mouse; C100597:Dlx6 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D014157:Transcription Factors; C092261:antigen Dlx-2