title: Comparison of the effects of two intrathecal anaesthetic techniques for transurethral prostatectomy on haemodynamic and pulmonary function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transurethral prostatectomy is routinely performed under spinal anaesthesia. This technique can cause hypotension, which is particularly undesirable in the elderly. The objective was to compare spinal anaesthesia for transurethral prostatectomy using hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg (control group) and hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg (limiting spread by maintaining the upright position for 15 min) and fentanyl 25 microg (fentanyl group) in terms of haemodynamic and pulmonary function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty ASA I-III patients were randomly selected and underwent spinal anaesthesia with either hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg (immediately positioned supine) or hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg (upright for 15 min) and fentanyl 25 microg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The greatest changes in mean arterial pressure (P = 0.9), ephedrine requirements (P = 0.8) and mean maximum change in forced vital capacity (P = 0.5) were similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of fentanyl 25 microg to bupivacaine 10 mg and limiting the spread of the block does not improve either haemodynamic or pulmonary function compared with bupivacaine 15 mg in patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Cork University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. kenwalsh@ireland.com
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iohom
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McAdoo
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine