title: Current research and future prospects in the development of vaccines against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle.
abstract: Vaccination is being considered as the most feasible alternative for anthelmintic drugs to control gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle. However, despite the identification of several candidate protective antigens, no vaccines against gastrointestinal nematode parasites are currently available. The main problems that hamper the development of nematode vaccines in ruminants are that vaccination with recombinant nematode proteins produced in bacterial or eukaryotic expression systems did not induce a protective immune response and no suitable antigen delivery system is available for presentation of protective worm antigens to the bovine mucosal immune system. The present review will focus on recent advances and remaining obstacles in vaccine development against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle, in particular against the abomasal parasite Ostertagia ostertagi.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. edwin.claerebout@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Claerebout
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vercruysse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010028:Ostertagia / Q000276:immunology; D010029:Ostertagiasis / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012756:Sheep / Q000469:parasitology; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D014612:Vaccines