title: Stress-associated immunomodulation and its implications for responses to vaccination.
abstract: The rapidly growing field of psychoneuroimmunology involves the elucidation of the complex interactions between the CNS, the endocrine system and the immune system and its effects on health. Although the mechanisms involved in this bidirectional communication is not yet fully understood, studies in psychoneuroimmunology have shown that stress, through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes, can induce modulation of the immune system. In this review, we discuss human studies and animal models, which focus on psychological stress and its effects on the immune response to vaccination, emphasizing the implications of these effects on health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glaser
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000523:psychology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014612:Vaccines