title: Influence of modest endotoxemia on postoperative antithrombin deficiency and circulating secretory immunoglobulin a levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of modest endotoxemia on postoperative antithrombin deficiency and cholestasis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has not been determined whether endotoxin translocation in small amounts is a physiological phenomenon or whether it is a potential health hazard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood endotoxin, antithrombin III (ATIII), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which was selected as a marker of cholestasis, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) concentrations were measured from the 20 patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer preoperatively and postoperatively. Portal and systemic blood samples were taken for the analysis of endotoxin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations during surgery in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although plasma endotoxin levels showed a significant increase during surgery, we did not find a correlation with ATIII, sIgA, CRP, and IL-6 levels. Systemic blood endotoxin levels during surgery correlated with a postoperative rise of serum AAT levels. Plasma ATIII levels transiently decreased on the first and third postoperative day, and sIgA levels were shown to increase on the seventh postoperative day. There was a weak relationship between the extent of postoperative endotoxemia and a reduction in ATIII concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of modest endotoxemia on postoperative antithrombin deficiency and cholestasis was limited, and increased translocational endotoxemia during abdominal surgery may be a physiological phenomenon to trigger off an acute-phase protein response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. dai3geka@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020152:Antithrombin III Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000097:blood*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004731:Endotoxins; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein