title: Bone mineral density in children with myelomeningocele: effect of hydrochlorothiazide.
abstract: Children with myelomeningocele experience difficulty with ambulation, which leads to immobilization and secondary loss of bone mineral density (BMD). In addition, non-ambulatory myelomeningocele patients have higher urinary calcium losses than their ambulatory counterparts. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is known to reduce urinary calcium loss and increase BMD in non-myelomeningocele patients with hypercalciuria. This study examines the effect of HCTZ on urinary calcium and BMD in non-ambulatory children with myelomeningocele. Thirteen of 20 non-ambulatory patients with myelomeningocele completed the year-long randomized double-blinded study (placebo = 7 and HCTZ = 6). Evaluation included electrolytes, PTH, osteocalcin, 1, 25-OH vitamin D, urinary pyridinolines/deoxypyridinolines (U(pyr/dpyr)), urinary calcium/creatinine (U(Ca/Cr)), and forearm BMD (dual X-ray absorptiometry). Follow-up electrolytes were obtained at 1-2, 6, and 12 months and U(Ca/Cr) and BMD was obtained again at 12 months. There were no initial differences between the placebo and HCTZ groups. U(Ca/Cr) decreased in the HCTZ group after treatment (0.20+/-0.09 vs. 0.04+/-0.02, p<0.05). However, forearm BMD ( z-scores) after 1 year remained unchanged in both the HCTZ (-5.95+/-0.98 to -5.86+/-0.92) and placebo (-7.19+/-0.69 to -6.67+/-0.63) groups. While use of HCTZ for 1 year did not affect BMD, it reduced urinary calcium excretion in non-ambulatory children with myelomeningocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA. albert.quan@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekmark
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D004232:Diuretics; D005542:Forearm; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004232:Diuretics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D002118:Calcium