title: Experiencing activation: energetic arousal and tense arousal are not mixtures of valence and activation.
abstract: R. E. Thayer (1989) proposed 2 types of activation: energetic arousal (awake-tired) and tense arousal (tense-calm). This view has been challenged by claims that energetic arousal and tense arousal are mixtures of valence and a single activation dimension. The authors present a direct test of this hypothesis by computing the correlation between the residuals of energetic arousal and tense arousal after removing the shared variance with valence. Whereas the valence activation hypothesis predicts a strong positive correlation between the 2 residuals, the authors found that it was not significantly different from 0. This finding reaffirms the view of energetic arousal and tense arousal as 2 distinct types of activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. uli.schimmack@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schimmack
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reisenzein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000145:classification*; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D014851:Wakefulness