title: Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy: methodology and normal values using a lactose-free fatty-meal food supplement.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the use of a commercially available lactose-free fatty-meal food supplement, as an alternative to sincalide cholescintigraphy, to develop a standard methodology, and to determine normal gallbladder ejection fractions (GBEFs) for this supplement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy volunteers all had negative medical histories for hepatobiliary and gallbladder disease, had no personal or family history of hepatobiliary disease, and were not taking any medication known to affect gallbladder emptying. All were prescreened with a complete blood cell count, comprehensive metabolic profile, gallbladder and liver ultrasonography, and conventional cholescintigraphy. Three of the 20 subjects were eliminated from the final analysis because of an abnormality in one of the above studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After gallbladder filling on conventional cholescintigraphy, the subjects ingested the supplement and an additional 60-min study was acquired. GBEFs were calculated and ranged from 33% to 95% (mean +/- SD, 62.6% +/- 21.3%). Statistical analysis determined the lower range of normal to be 32.6%. Maximal gallbladder emptying occurred between 55 and 60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A standard methodology and normal GBEFs (> or =33%) were established for supplement-stimulated cholescintigraphy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA. Ziessma@gunet.georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Harvey A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ziessman
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Larry R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Muenz
authors.forename: Anup K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Agarval
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D007785:Lactose