title: Laparoscopic adrenal surgery for neuroblastomas in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of laparoscopy in children with neuroblastomas has not been fully defined. The laparoscopic approach to the adrenal gland is already largely used in adults and a few cases have been reported in children. We report the experience of a single surgical team center with laparoscopic adrenal surgery for neuroblastomas in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2000 and October 2002 laparoscopic adrenalectomy for neuroblastoma was performed in 9 patients (6 girls and 3 boys) with a mean age of 38 months (range 2 months to 9 years). Two tumors were detected prenatally and 7 postnatally. Preoperative diagnosis was neuroblastoma stage I in 4 cases and stage IV in 3 cases, and nondetermined suprarenal calcified masses in 2 cases. A 4 or 5-trocar transperitoneal approach was used in all cases. The adrenal tumors were completely excised, placed into a plastic bag and removed through the umbilical trocar site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the adrenal tumors were well encapsulated and completely excised. One of the 9 procedures was converted to open surgery because of adhesions to renal vessels. In 1 case a second hepatic localization was removed simultaneously, and in 3 cases 1 or more lymph nodes were resected. Average operative time was 85 minutes (range 45 to 170). There were no deaths. There were no postoperative complications, except 1 port site infection that was treated locally. Blood transfusion was not required. Average hospital stay was 4.5 days (range 2 to 10). Histological analysis of the 9 specimens (maximum length 6 cm) confirmed the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. N-myc status was studied in 8 of the 9 resected neuroblastomas and was amplified in 2 cases (both stage IV with preoperative biopsy). Average postoperative followup was 15 months (range 1 to 25). There was no local recurrence or metastasis, except in the case that required conversion to open surgery (local recurrence 7 months later).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for neuroblastoma is safe and feasible in children, with good results. Experience with advanced laparoscopic surgery is required to achieve this result in optimal oncological conditions. Our short-term results must be reevaluated at long term, and further studies are needed to compare laparoscopy to open surgical techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HOP Paris, 48 boulevard Serurier, 75019 Paris, France. pascal.delagausie@rdb.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Lagausie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berrebi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Philippe-Chomette
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Ghoneimi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brisse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peuchmaur
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aigrain
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal