title: [Management programs for elderly patients with chronic heart failure].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most patients with heart failure are elderly with multiple coexisting diseases and heart failure is the most common discharge diagnosis in elderly hospitalized patients. Despite major advances in the pharmacotherapy of heart failure, hospitalization rates remain high, owing in large part to a multitude of psychosocial, behavioral, and financial factors that serve as barriers to effective compliance with prescribed treatment. In the last decade, several models have been proposed in order to optimise the long-term management of elderly patients with heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of most significant and recent models available was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several studies have documented the efficacy of specialized multidisciplinary heart failure disease management programs in terms of reducing hospital utilization, improving quality of life, functional capacity, patient satisfaction, compliance with diet and medications and decreasing cost of care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At present, the greatest challenge in managing elderly heart failure patients is to more effectively implement proven treatments and disease management systems.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Cardioscienze, Osp. S. Camillo, Roma, Italy. gipulig@tin.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pulignano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carmenini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Del Sindaco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlasic
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tesorio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Luozzo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherillo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovannini
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019468:Disease Management; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000191:economics / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D006699:Home Care Services; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008134:Long-Term Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors