title: The pedicle artery sign based on sonography with color Doppler imaging can replace second-stage tests in women with abnormal vaginal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unenhanced transvaginal sonography is not accurate in the detection of endometrial polyps. Currently, second-stage tests such as saline contrast sonohysterography and office hysteroscopy are used to diagnose endometrial lesions, but both have limitations and side effects. We proposed visualization of the pedicle artery on color Doppler imaging as a sign of polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study involving 3099 consecutive patients referred for assessment of the endometrium and myometrium. The uterus was assessed in sagittal and coronal planes using color Doppler sonography. Patients with suspected endometrial pathology on sonography were noted and the volume of the focal lesion was calculated. Patients with a clearly visible pedicle artery reaching the central part of the endometrium were regarded as test-positive. The gold standard was defined as the presence or absence of an endometrial polyp at hysterectomy, hysteroscopy and/or endometrial histology on dilatation and curettage within 1 year of sonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 3099 women, no gold standard was available in 2230. Only 28 of the 199 patients who were test-positive did not have a gold standard. In the 869 patients in whom a gold standard was available, 182 had one or more endometrial polyps. The pedicle artery test had an apparent sensitivity for detection of endometrial polyps of 76.4%, specificity of 95.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 81.3%, and negative predictive value of 93.8%. When extending the test to the prediction of any focal intracavitary pathology the PPV was 94.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pedicle artery test has a very high PPV for intracavitary pathology. We expect that in the majority of patients with an endometrial polyp this test may replace more invasive established second-stage tests, such as saline contrast sonohysterography and office hysteroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. dirk.timmerman@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verguts
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Konstantinovic
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Schoubroeck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deprest
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Huffel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011127:Polyps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology