title: [Liver failure due to mushroom poisoning: clinical course and new treatment perspectives].
abstract: Mushroom poisoning, mainly due to the Amanita genus, is an infrequent cause of liver failure in our environment. However, because of its high morbidity and mortality, it constitutes a medical emergency. The characteristic initial symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are nonspecific and may be confused with gastroenteritis. If correct and early treatment is not given, renal and hepatic failure can develop, sometimes requiring liver transplantation. We present three cases of mushroom poisoning, which presented a different clinical course ranging from complete recovery with traditional medical treatment to severe acute liver failure requiring transplantation in one patient and albumin dialysis (molecular absorbent recycling system [MARS]) in another with favorable outcome. Although controlled clinical studies of the treatment of mushroom poisoning are lacking, recommendations based on the experience of various authors have been established. Penicillin G and silymarin seem to be useful. The development of new techniques of extracorporeal detoxification, mainly MARS, may represent an important support system in the treatment of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Sección de Hepatología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Catalina
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Núñez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponferrada
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menchén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matilla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bañares
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005751:Gastric Lavage; D006801:Humans; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009145:Mushroom Poisoning / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome