title: Thiazolidinedione safety and efficacy in ambulatory patients receiving hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether thiazolidinediones cause significant changes in intravascular volume, anemia, or chronic heart failure; to determine which thiazolidinedione, rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, has a greater propensity to cause these adverse effects; and to evaluate thiazolidinedione efficacy in patients with diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease who require hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory hemodialysis clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty ambulatory patients receiving hemodialysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 40 patients (26 men, 14 women, mean +/- SD age 64.8 +/- 11.5 yrs), diabetes mellitus was the cause of end-stage renal disease in 37 (92.5%). The men were older than the women (mean +/- SD age 67.65 +/- 11.43 yrs and 59.58 +/- 10.6 yrs, respectively, p=0.03). Additional demographic data collected were start date and cause of end-stage renal disease, comorbid conditions, drug profile, hospitalization dates, and reason for admission. Laboratory values were obtained for hematocrit, iron indexes (transferrin saturation and ferritin), mean corpuscular volume, and hemoglobin A1c (A1C); body weight before and after dialysis, and predialysis systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. All monitoring parameters were evaluated for 3 months before and after the start of therapy. Three patients were hospitalized for new or worsening chronic heart failure (two were receiving rosiglitazone therapy, one pioglitazone, p=0.555). Changes in A1C values were reviewed to determine thiazolidinedione efficacy; no statistical difference was observed between thiazolidinedione agents prescribed. Combined thiazolidinedione data yielded nonsignificant effects for all clinical and laboratory findings except A1C (-0.61%, p=0.05) and blood pressure (systolic -5.57 +/- 12.09 mm Hg, p=0.01; diastolic -3.24 +/- 6.17 mm Hg, p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiazolidinedione therapy is safe and effective for ambulatory patients receiving hemodialysis. However, as we found that these drugs reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, further investigation into this drug effect is warranted.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA. ManleyH@UMKC.edu
authors.forename: Harold J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Allcock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077205:Pioglitazone