title: Psychosocial aspects of patient-activated atrial defibrillation.
abstract: Atrial Defibrillator.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The atrial defibrillator empowers patients to cardiovert themselves from atrial arrhythmias at a time that is socially and physically acceptable, thereby preventing hospitalization. The long-term psychosocial effects of repeated use of the patient-activated atrial defibrillator at home are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients underwent placement of the Jewel AF atrial defibrillator for persistent atrial fibrillation only. All patients performed manually activated cardioversions at home under self-administered sedation. Automatic shock therapies were disabled. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control questionnaires were obtained before implant. All patients completed questionnaires 1 year after device implant and at long-term follow-up. The spouse or partner of each patient was interviewed to identify positive and negative aspects of manual cardioversion at home. The baseline patient scores for both anxiety (5.7 +/- 2.7) and depression (3.4 +/- 2.3) fell within the predefined range of normality. At 1 year, there was no significant change in anxiety (4.9 +/- 3.7, P = 0.39) or depression (2.4 +/- 1.8, P = 0.06). At long-term follow-up (mean 28 months), a total of 377 patient-activated cardioversions were performed out of hospital (median 15 per patient). Scores for anxiety (6.0 +/- 4.0, P = 0.70) and depression (3.2 +/- 2.5, P = 0.68) remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During long-term follow-up, patient-activated cardioversion using the atrial defibrillator was not associated with increased anxiety or depression. The procedure was well tolerated by patients and their partners, offering an acceptable treatment option for patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne General Hospital, Eastbourne, United Kingdom. mitcharj@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Andrew R J
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Philip A R
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Spurrell
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boodhoo
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sulke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*