title: Development and evaluation of a miniaturized procedure for determining the bonding index: a novel prototype for solid dosage formulation development.
abstract: The purpose of this study was a comparative evaluation of miniaturized vs. University of Minnesota's (i.e., U of Minn. = Hiestand's) procedures for determining the tensile strength, indentation hardness, and bonding index (BI), one out of three Indices of Tableting Performance (ITP). Tableting properties of six direct compression placebo formulations were determined by using a compaction simulator and a Texture Analyser TA-XT2I, or by following the U of Minn. method, which included a specially designed triaxial compression device, a computer-controlled mechanical stress-strain analyzer, and a dynamic pendulum impact apparatus. Miniaturization of the procedures to determine the ITP, as well as the ability to differentiate between materials while operating compaction cycles more comparable to standard tablet production conditions, enabled proper evaluation of each material's inherent tableting properties. Indentation diameter calculated via an empirical equation appeared to correlate well with, and provided acceptable precision of accuracy to, the determination of indentation diameter via standard optical microscopy methods. The miniaturized and U of Minn. procedure exhibited a significant degree of correlation when comparing the BI. However, the tensile strength and indentation hardness values were somewhat different due to the use of triaxial decompression for the U of Minn. procedure vs. standard compaction profiling for the miniaturized procedure. The present direct compression placebo formulation data gathered from the miniaturized procedures and compared with the U of Minn. method for determining the ITP suggest that both techniques yield similar conclusions. However, discrimination of out-of-die compaction properties determined via the miniaturized procedures, such as tensile strength and indentation hardness, appeared to associate more precisely with changes in strain rate, thus allowing better discrimination of particle-particle interactions and ductile-to-brittle characteristics as a function of compaction speed and pressure.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA. Kimberly_A_Lamey@gsk.com
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lamey
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006244:Hardness; D008904:Miniaturization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013718:Tensile Strength