title: Dendritic cells generated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IFN-alpha are potent inducers of HIV-specific CD8 T cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IFN-alpha to induce the differentiation of peripheral monocytes into dendritic cells (DC) and their ability to trigger an HIV-specific CD8 T-cell response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocytes isolated from both seronegative controls and HIV-infected individuals were differentiated into DC using GM-CSF with either IL-4 or IFN-alpha for 7 days. We assessed the phenotypic characteristics and IL-12 production by flow cytometry. The ability of DC to trigger CD8 T-cell responses was assessed by means of ELISpot and cytotoxicity assays. In addition, HIV-1-RNA levels were measured in culture supernatants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control DC generated in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, DC generated in the presence of GM-CSF and IFN-alpha expressed higher levels of MHC class I molecules and produced similar or higher levels of IL-12 after CD40 ligation or Staphyloccus aureus Cowan stimulation. GM-CSF/IFN-alpha DC expressed low levels of CD4, CXCR4 and DC-SIGN and did not produce detectable virus during the differentiation period. Pulsed GM-CSF/IFN-alpha DC were found to prime CD8 T cells from HIV-negative controls to exert cytotoxic activity against target cells expressing HIV antigens. HIV peptide-pulsed GM-CSF/IFN-alpha DC promote specific IFN-gamma production by autologous CD8 T cells from HIV-seronegative donors. Furthermore, GM-CSF/IFN-alpha DC from HIV-seropositive patients efficiently present HIV peptides to autologous CD8 T lymphocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM-CSF and IFN-alpha allow the generation of DC with high CD8 T-cell stimulating abilities. Therefore, this strategy may represent a novel approach to therapeutic vaccination in HIV disease.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U430, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carbonneil
authors.forename: Albertine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aouba
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burgard
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardinaud
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rouzioux
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langlade-Demoyen
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor