Prevalence, diagnosis, and pharmacological treatment of mood disorders in HIV disease.
Human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (HIV+) individuals are at a heightened risk of developing mood disorders and related syndromes. Over the past several decades, increased rates of mood disorders, including depression and mania, have been reported among HIV+ individuals. Because alterations in mood may impact on quality of life and perhaps reduce adherence to antiretroviral treatment regimens that are critical for preventing disease progression, recognition and effective treatment of mood disorders is essential. There are accumulating data showing that antidepressants and mood stabilizers, as well as other novel agents, might benefit HIV+ individuals suffering from a concomitant mood disturbance. This review highlights the relevant studies that have examined prevalence rates of mood disorders in HIV+ individuals, characteristics of HIV disease that influence the diagnosis and psychopharmacologic treatment of mood disorders, including complex interactions with antiretroviral medications, as well as the available evidence regarding the efficacy of agents used to treat depression and mania in the context of HIV disease.
Cruess
Dean G
DG
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Evans
Dwight L
DL
Repetto
Martin J
MJ
Gettes
David
D
Douglas
Steven D
SD
Petitto
John M
JM
D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D006728:Hormones