title: Functional evaluation of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in the promoter regions of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 genes.
abstract: Interindividual variation in the expression of the carcinogen- and estrogen-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P4501B1 and 1A1 (CYP1B1 and CYP1A1) has been detected in human lung. To search for polymorphisms with functional consequences for CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 gene expression, we examined 1.5 kb of the promoter region of each gene. Genomic DNA from 21 Caucasian individuals was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for direct cycle sequencing. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for CYP1B1 and 13 SNPs for CYP1A1 were found. The majority of polymorphisms occurred as multiSNP combinations for individual subjects. The wild-type sequences were cloned into a luciferase reporter construct. The most frequent polymorphisms were then recreated by iterative site-directed mutagenesis, replicating single polymorphisms and multiSNP combinations. These wild-type and variant constructs were functionally evaluated in transient transfection experiments employing exposures to either the index polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inducer benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a composite mixture of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), or the repressor chemopreventive agent trans-3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene (reseveratrol). Results indicated that all wild-type and variant constructs responded in qualitatively concordant fashion to the inducers and to the repressor. The CYP1B1 haplotypes and the majority of CYP1A1 haplotypes were shown to have no functional consequence, as compared to those of the wild-type promoter sequences. Two constructs of composite polymorphisms of CYP1A1 appeared to result in a statistically significant increase in basal promoter activity (1.38- and 1.50-fold, respectively), but the degree of functional impact was judged unlikely to be biologically important in vivo. We conclude that the observed promoter region polymorphisms in these genes are common, but are of unclear functional consequence.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Pentecost
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Spivack
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D017931:DNA Primers; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017931:DNA Primers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D013267:Stilbenes; D008156:Luciferases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585496:CYP1B1 protein, human; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases; D000077185:Resveratrol