title: Polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha in prostate cancer.
abstract: Estrogen receptor (ER) alpha polymorphisms have been shown to be involved in the oncogenesis of several organs. We hypothesize that polymorphisms of the ERalpha gene are risk factors for prostate cancer. The genotypic distributions of six different loci (codons: 10 T-->C, 87 G-->C, 243 C-->T, 325 C-->G, 594 G-->A, and intron 1 C-->T) of the ERalpha gene were analyzed in prostate cancer tissues. The DNA from 115 cases of prostate cancer (Japanese population) was analyzed by sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing to determine the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the six different polymorphic loci of ERalpha. The relative risk of variant genotype was calculated by comparison with 200 healthy controls. Results of this study showed that the frequency of the variant genotype (C/C) on codon 10 was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated as 3.26 compared to wild-type (T/T) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.58-6.73. Allele frequency at codon 10 also differed between groups. No association was found between codon 10 polymorphism and the stage of cancer. Polymorphism was not observed in codon 87, and frequencies of genotypes and alleles at other loci (intron 1, codons 243, 325, and 594) were not statistically different between cancer and controls. The present study suggests that polymorphism in codon 10 of ERalpha may be a risk factor for prostate cancer. These results are important in understanding the role of ERalpha polymorphism in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneuchi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: Rajvir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahiya
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen