title: Laparoscopic ileocytoplasty and continent ileovesicostomy in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bladder augmentation with autologous bowel is commonly accompanied by a continent ileovesicostomy (the Monti procedure). Herein, we describe our initial experience with laparoscopy-assisted ileocystoplasty and continent ileovesicostomy in a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen Yucatan minipigs with an average weight 49 lb underwent a laparoscopy-assisted ileocystoplasty and ileovesicostomy (Monti procedure) using a four-port technique. After catheter removal at 3 weeks, the animals underwent twice-daily catheterization of the ileovesicostomy until complete occlusion of the ileovesicostomy occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals survived the initial surgery, with 10 animals being available for catheterization at 3 weeks. The average Monti anastomotic time, average ileal patch-bladder anastomotic time, and average total surgery times were 47 minutes, 89 minutes, and 307 minutes, respectively. Eight of ten animals developed stomal stenosis after catheter removal (average time to complete occlusion of 6 days; range 1-13 days), with two animals also demonstrating partial obstruction at the Monti-bladder anastomosis and four partial obstruction at the fascial level of the Monti tube. Pathologic review of select bladder augmentation and Monti tube specimens revealed moderate to severe acute and chronic inflammation with severe scarring at the Monti-skin stoma site in the majority of specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated the feasibility of laparoscopic ileocystoplasty and continent ileovesicostomy in a porcine model. The development of stomal stenosis may be related to the intrinsic properties of the pig skin, but additional investigation is required prior to human studies of this novel surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Tibério M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Siqueria
authors.forename: Ryan F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Ramsay L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaefer
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Arieh L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shalhav
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent