title: Expression of c-ABL, c-KIT, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta in ovarian serous carcinoma and normal ovarian surface epithelium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tyrosine kinases, such as c-KIT, c-ABL, and platelet-derived growth factor-beta (PDGFR-beta), are important regulators of cell growth. Highly potent and selective inhibitors of tyrosine kinases are being investigated as alternatives to standard chemotherapy. One such inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, is being used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Ovarian carcinomas frequently develop resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Immunohistochemical expression of c-ABL, PDGFR-beta, and c-KIT was evaluated in ovarian carcinomas to determine whether treatment with imatinib mesylate might be feasible.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of c-ABL, c-KIT, and PDGFR-beta in tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of 52 ovarian serous carcinomas, including 21 low-grade (well differentiated) and 31 high-grade (poorly differentiated) tumors. Fourteen normal ovaries were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal ovarian surface epithelium, c-ABL was expressed universally. PDGFR-beta was expressed in the majority (93%) of samples of normal ovarian epithelium, whereas the c-KIT protein was undetectable in normal ovarian surface epithelium. Overall, c-ABL was expressed in 71% of serous carcinomas. c-ABL was expressed more frequently in the low-grade serous carcinomas (81%) compared with the high-grade serous carcinomas (65%). PDGFR-beta expression was observed in 81% of serous carcinomas overall and was observed more frequently in higher-grade tumors. c-KIT immunohistochemical staining was absent in low-grade tumors but was present in 26% of high-grade serous carcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of ovarian serous carcinomas express one or more of the kinases targeted by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, suggesting the potential usefulness of this drug in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. rschand@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Rosemarie E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schmandt
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broaddus
authors.forename: Karen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shvartsman
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Anais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malpica
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bodurka
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gershenson
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010053:Ovary / Q000737:chemistry*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000032:analysis*; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000032:analysis*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl