title: Relaxing intraoperative natural sound blunts haemodynamic change at the emergence from propofol general anaesthesia and increases the acceptability of anaesthesia to the patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is known that auditory input, such as comforting music or sound, blunts the human response to surgical stress in conscious patients under regional anaesthesia. As auditory perception has been demonstrated to remain active under general anaesthesia, playing comforting sounds to patients under general anaesthesia might also modulate the response of these patients to surgical stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were anaesthetized with propofol general anaesthesia in combination with epidural anaesthesia. Natural sounds, chosen preoperatively by each patient as being comforting, were played to 29 patients using headphones during surgery (S group) and the remainder of the patients (n = 30) were fitted with dummy open-type headphones (N group). We compared the haemodynamic change during anaesthesia and the acceptability of anaesthetic practice between the two groups in a randomized double-blind design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in haemodynamics between the S and N groups during surgery. During the emergence from anaesthesia, the mean blood pressure and heart rate gradually increased; both parameters were significantly higher in the N group than in the S group. Postoperatively, patients in the S group perceived the experience of anaesthesia as significantly more acceptable than did those in the N group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that allowing patients comforting background sounds during general anaesthesia may blunt haemodynamic changes upon emergence from general anaesthesia and increase the acceptability of the experience of anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ryo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012063:Relaxation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015742:Propofol