title: Pneumonia in neutropenic patients.
abstract: Radiologists have a special role in the management of neutropenic patients. The appropriate investigational technique, frequently targeted differential diagnosis, and the special needs of these patients, need to be understood. Early detection of a focus is the major goal in febrile neutropenic patients. As pneumonia is the most common focus, chest imaging is a special radiological task. The sensitivity of chest X-ray, especially in supine position, is known to be low; therefore, the very sensitive high-resolution CT (HRCT) became gold standard in neutropenic hosts and will probably be replaced by thin-section multislice CT (MSCT) in the near future. Costs of high-resolution CT are low in comparison to antibiotics. An infiltrate needs to be localised, so that a physician can utilise this information as a guidance for invasive procedures for further microbiological work-up. The radiological characterisation of infiltrates gives a first and rapid hint to differentiate between different sorts of infectious (typical bacterial, atypical bacterial, fungal) and non-infectious aetiologies. Follow-up investigations need careful interpretation according to disease and concomitant treatment. Due to an increased incidence of fungal infiltrates even with appropriate therapy, follow-up of an infiltrate must use further parameters in addition to lesion size. Temporary exclusion of infectious involvement of the lung with high accuracy remains of special interest for clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. heussel@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Heussel
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ullmann
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed