title: Fluoride supplements and changes in tooth decay on the Island of Tristan da Cunha: 1966-1996.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The island of Tristan Da Cunha is one of the few examples in the world of a remote enclosed community. The inhabitants of the island were transported to England in 1961 as a result of a volcanic eruption and during their time in England they received a detailed dental health examination. They were later examined back on the island in 1966 by Dr John Fisher and in 1982 a school fluoride supplementation programme was introduced.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present paper reports the results of the first dental health survey to be carried out on the island since the introduction of a regular school fluoride supplementation programme in 1982.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 6-19-year-old subjects on the island were examined in 1996 using a similar protocol to that which was used by Fisher in the 1966 examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the 6-12-year-olds who were caries free in 1966 with those caries free in 1996 using the Chi-squared statistic reveals a statistically significant greater number caries free in the more recent cohort (X2 - 6.0, P- 0.014). For the older age group (13-19 years), a similar comparison reveals a highly statistically significant difference(Z2 - 12.26, P 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant increase in the number of caries free 6-19-year-old children in Tristan Da Cunha between 1966 and 1996 was noted: 1) This is a significant finding in the light of the school fluoride supplementation programme that was introduced on the island in 1982; and 2) Appropriate fluoride supplementation regimes may have conferred a protective effect in a group of children with a cariogenic diet. The paper discusses the significance of this study in the support of fluoridation as a method of reducing the prevalence of dental caries a nd also discusses possibilities for future research on the island of Tristan Da Cunha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Health, University of Dundee Dental School, Park Place, Dundee DD1 4HR, Scotland, UK. p.a.mossey@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mossey
authors.forename: C A P
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Southwick
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wrieden
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Longbottom
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Topping
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stirrups
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001266:Atlantic Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012571:School Dentistry; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides