Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain edema and perihematomal cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage.
OBJECTIVE
Hyperglycemia has a deleterious effect on brain ischemia. However, the effect of hyperglycemia in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is not well known. We investigated the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of brain edema and perihematomal cell death in ICH.


METHODS
Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) in adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. ICH was induced by stereotaxic infusion of 0.23 U of collagenase into the left striatum. Seventy-two hours after ICH, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed for perihematomal cell death. We also measured brain water content to evaluate edema formation.


RESULTS
The serum glucose level of the hyperglycemic group was 394.0+/-180.3 mg/dL (n=31), and that of the normoglycemic group was 97.5+/-27.4 mg/dL (n=31). The size of hemorrhage was similar between groups, without any significant difference (n=8 in each group). The brain water content of hyperglycemic rats (n=17) increased in both lesioned (81.0+/-0.5%) and nonlesioned hemispheres (78.7+/-0.6%) compared with the normoglycemic group (n=17; lesioned: 78.9+/-0.8%; nonlesioned: 77.3+/-1.1%). In the hyperglycemic group, more TUNEL-positive cells were found in the perihematomal regions (n=6).


CONCLUSIONS
Hyperglycemia caused more profound brain edema and perihematomal cell death in experimental ICH.
Song
Eun-Chol
EC
Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Chu
Kon
K
Jeong
Sang-Wuk
SW
Jung
Keun-Hwa
KH
Kim
Seong-Hoon
SH
Kim
Manho
M
Yoon
Byung-Woo
BW
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001834:Body Water / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D001786:Blood Glucose