title: Intraoperative ultrasound for hepatic neoplasm during surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) on the management of patients with neoplasms of the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients operated on for liver or other pathologic processes were examined intraoperatively with 5.0 MHz special ultrasound transducers during surgical exploration of the abdomen. Subjects were evaluated because of known or suspected disease of the liver. Preoperative imaging studies included percutaneous ultrasound (n = 49), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 11), and computed tomography (n = 34). Intraoperative evaluation on all patients included inspection, bimanual palpation, and ultrasonography. Comparison between preoperative imagings and IOUS were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity for detection of hepatic neoplasms showed in intraoperative ultrasound, percutaneous ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography as 100% (23/23), 74% (17/23), 74% (14/19) and 75% (6/8). Specificity showed 100% (26/26), 100% (26/26), 93% (14/15) and 67 (2/3). In seven patients (14%), the neoplasms were not found by inspection, bimanual palpation, and identified only by IOUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative ultrasound is the most sensitive and specific method for detection and surgery of liver neoplasms, especially the occult neoplasms and small size lesion (< 2 cm).
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100730.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography