title: Pregnancy-related death and health care services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between health care services variables and pregnancy-related death using a contemporary geographically defined population and enhanced methods for case identification.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a population-based, case-control study from North Carolina for the 7-year period 1992-1998. Pregnancy-related deaths after a live birth (n = 118) were identified after review of pregnancy-associated deaths (n = 400) ascertained from death certificate codes and linkage of birth and death files. Controls (n = 3697) were randomly selected from all registered live births for the same 7-year period and were not matched with cases. This sample size was sufficient to ensure that the standard errors for subgroup prevalences were less than 1%. The associations between pregnancy-related death and health care services were explored with univariate and multivariable regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither maternity care coordination nor nutritional services were protective. There was no association with source of care, private versus public. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for pregnancy-related death associated with cesarean delivery was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5, 6.1). The adjusted OR for pregnancy-related death associated with the receipt of prenatal care was 0.2 (95% CI 0.1, 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removing barriers to and actively promoting use of prenatal care services and decreasing the rate of cesarean deliveries could decrease the number of pregnancy-related deaths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. mharper@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Byington
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naughton
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012044:Regression Analysis