title: The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on the arteriolar hyporesponsiveness in hemorrhagic-shocked rats.
abstract: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) has been implicated in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that leads to increase production of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, NO has been implicated to cause hyporesponsiveness of blood vessel in vitro towards vasoconstrictors in refractory (decompensated) HS. In our in vivo model, we examined the effects of aminoguanidine (AG), a known iNOS inhibitor, with angiotensin II (ANG II), a vasoconstrictor, following hemorrhagic shock decompensatory phase (HSDP) on percentage survival, vascular responsiveness, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate and mean nitrate/nitrite levels in anaesthetized rats. HSDP (3 h) was achieved via constant pressure method (40-45 mmHg). MABP and heart rate was measured via the left carotid artery. Plasma collected from HSDP rats was used to measure nitrate/nitrite levels. Vascular hyporeactivity to ANG II was carried out using HSDP aortic strips, precontracted with KCl and noradrenaline. Sham-operated rats served as controls. HSDP rats decreased percentage survival, vascular contractility to ANG II and noradrenaline, MABP, heart rate while showing increased levels of nitrate/nitrite. Infusion of AG with ANG II, increased percentage survival and had reversed these cardiovascular effects of HSDP rats. This study indicates that excessive NO formation from iNOS activity induces vascular hyporeactivity and decompensation in HSDP. This might suggest that selective NOS inhibitor, AG, when coupled with ANG II, show reduction in NO's effect in HSDP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shirhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Md
authors.forename: Shabbir M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moochhala
authors.forename: Kerwin Low
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Siew-Yang
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C004479:pimagedine