title: Moderate alcohol intake and renal function decline in women: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of moderate alcohol consumption on renal function has important public health implications given the high prevalence of alcohol use. Experimentally, alcohol may adversely affect renal function, but clinical data are limited and no large, prospective studies have examined this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study of 1658 nurses enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study, we sought to determine if there was an association between moderate alcohol consumption and rate of decline in renal function. Daily alcohol intake was measured in 1990, 1994 and 1998 using a detailed questionnaire. Maximum daily alcohol intake was measured in 1988. Creatinine, measured from blood samples provided in 1989 and 2000, was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance (CCr).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to individuals with no alcohol intake, the odds ratios (ORs) for developing a >or=25% estimated GFR decline were: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.72-1.32) for 0.1-4.9 g/day, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.56-1.21) for 5-14.9 g/day and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.50-1.31) for 15-59.9 g/day. For women with hypertension (n = 726), the ORs for a >or=25% estimated GFR decline were: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.53-1.21) for 0.1-4.9 g/day, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.34-1.12) for 5-14.9 g/day and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.25-1.12) for 15-59.9 g/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate alcohol consumption had no substantial adverse effect on renal function in women over an 11 year follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: The Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Meir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.forename: Gary C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Curhan
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies