title: Further standardization of some NES3 tests.
abstract: NES3 is a computer-based neurobehavioral testing system designed for use in investigating potential cognitive impairment. Data from NES3 tests employed in a study of epilepsy self-management were analyzed to estimate test-retest reliability for NES3 tests on a large sample and to estimate the effect of some common covariates of test performance. A total of 319 participants in an epilepsy self-management study were examined on three occasions (baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up) with a set of psychological questionnaires and seven neuropsychological tests from NES3. Test-retest correlations were calculated between measures obtained at baseline and at 3 months. Principal components analysis was performed on the baseline data. The potential effects of covariates (age, education, reading test scores, depression status, and examiner) were investigated in regression models. Three-month test-retest correlations were excellent for Adult Reading Test (ART) (r=0.95), strong for Digit-Symbol (r=0.82), Sequence B (r=0.79), and Sequence A (r=0.76); and modest (r's between 0.56 and 0.67) for Digit Span Forward and Backward, Visual Span Forward and Backward, and Pattern Memory. Alternate-forms correlations were strong for HVLT (r's between 0.71 and 0.82). Principal components analysis yielded four interpretable components. Age and reading score were significant covariates of virtually all of the test summary measures, while education, gender, race, and depression were not generally significant covariates. Changes to the method of calculation of some summary measures, changes to the initial instructions to the subjects, and addition of correctional feedback to subjects during the tests appeared to improve the reliability of some NES3 tests. Implementation of the HVLT and ART in computer-assisted format added breadth of coverage to the battery. NES3 tests may provide reliable, efficient data for use in epidemiologic studies of potential cognitive effects of occupational and environmental exposures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. rletz@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Letz
authors.forename: Colleen K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: DiIorio
authors.forename: Patricia O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Schomer
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003199:Computer Systems / Q000592:standards*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors