title: Comparison of natural and roasted Turkish tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) volatiles and flavor by DHA/GC/MS and descriptive sensory analysis.
abstract: Natural (raw) and roasted hazelnuts were compared for their differences in volatile components and sensory responses. A total of 79 compounds were detected in both hazelnuts, of which 39 (27 positive, 5 tentative, and 7 unknown) were detected in natural hazelnut and 71 (40 positive, 14 tentative, and 17 unknown) were detected in roasted hazelnut. These included ketones, aldehydes, pyrazines, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, furans, pyrroles, terpenes, and acids. Pyrazines, pyrroles, terpenes, and acids were detected in roasted hazelnut only. Concentrations of several compounds increased as a result of roasting and these may play significant roles in the flavor of roasted hazelnut. Pyrazines together with ketones, aldehydes, furans, and pyrroles may contribute to the characteristic roasted aroma of hazelnut. Descriptive sensory analysis (DSA) showed that some flavor attributes such as "aftertaste", "burnt", "coffee/chocolate-like", "roasty", and "sweet" were rated significantly higher in roasted hazelnut compared to its natural counterpart. Natural and roasted hazelnuts can be distinguished using these attributes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Food Research Center, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, United Kingdom. calasalvar@lincoln.ac.uk
authors.forename: Cesarettin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alasalvar
authors.forename: Fereidoon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahidi
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cadwallader
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D031211:Corylus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007659:Ketones / Q000032:analysis; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013649:Taste; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D007659:Ketones; D011719:Pyrazines