title: Gender, kinship and caregiver burden: the case of community-dwelling memory impaired seniors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined whether there were gender and kinship (spouse, child, more distant relative) differences in caregiver burden. It further examined the constellation of gender and kinship by examining whether adult daughter caregivers experienced greater burden compared to wives, husbands, sons, and other more distant relatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 305 family caregivers of memory-impaired individuals who were age 70 years or older and resided in non-institutional settings in Arkansas. A cross-sectional design was employed using validated measures to assess both the memory-impaired elders' and family caregivers' self-reported physical and memory status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for the age and health status characteristics of the memory-impaired elder, sociodemographic and health status characteristics of the family caregiver, and the caregiver coping response (measured by the sense of coherence), multiple regression analyses found kinship, but not gender differences in caregiver burden. Adult children experienced more caregiver burden than more distant relatives. There were no significant differences in caregiver burden between adult children and spouses. Adult daughters had greater caregiver burden scores compared to more distant relatives, but had comparable scores to wives, sons, and husbands. Other significant correlates of burden included caregiver personal characteristics (age and ethnicity) and the sense of coherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study discusses the practice implications of adult children and adult daughters' propensity to suffer burden when caring for their memory-impaired parents living in the community. It also discusses the relevance of caregiver personal characteristics and the sense of coherence as correlates of burden.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Outcomes Research Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, and Department of Health Services Administration, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32608-1197, USA. neale.chumbler@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Neale R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Chumbler
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Marisue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cody
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors