title: Enhanced anterior pituitary mitotic response to adrenalectomy after multiple glucocorticoid exposures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glucocorticoid withdrawal in man is associated with transient but sometimes prolonged impairment of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis secretory responsiveness. This has led to continued concern in the clinical arena. The acute anterior pituitary response to glucocorticoids in the rat includes apoptosis-mediated deletion of a cell population. Whilst continued cell turnover following glucocorticoid withdrawal and the potential for differentiation of uncommitted precursor cells and transdifferentiation of other secretory cell types predicts that, given sufficient time, complete anterior pituitary trophic recovery is likely, this hypothesis has not previously been tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have quantified pituitary mitotic and apoptotic rate, as well as corticotroph number and pro-opiomelanocortin transcript prevalence, together with hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone and vasopressin transcript prevalence 5 weeks after three short dexamethasone treatments each separated by a week. Bilateral adrenalectomy was then carried out as a maximal secretory and trophic stimulus, and the response to a fourth dexamethasone treatment assessed 1 week later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior pituitary mitotic index was significantly higher in rats previously exposed to dexamethasone compared with age-matched controls exposed to dexamethasone for the first time. No differences were found in the subsequent apoptotic response to a fourth dexamethasone treatment or in the levels of paraventricular corticotrophin-releasing hormone or vasopressin transcripts or pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin transcripts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that full recovery of pituitary mitotic activity takes longer than the recovery of secretory parameters, and suggest that, for several weeks after glucocorticoid exposure, the ability of the pituitary to meet fresh demands placed on it may be suboptimal.
authors.affiliation: University Research Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK. lesley.a.nolan@bris.ac.uk
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002452:Cell Count; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone