title: Neurosis of acquired helplessness and role of hypoxia in the formation of this disorder in rats.
abstract: Acquisition of instrumental defense response with pain reinforcement uncertainty (25% reinforcement) induced the development of acquired helplessness in 50% rats. Acquired helplessness is characterized by the absence of responses to conditioned (light) and unconditioned stimuli (pain), minor response of plasma corticosterone to learning, gas markers of circulatory cerebral hypoxia (Delta A/V pO2 carotid artery/jugular vein), low sensitivity to severe hypobaric conditions, and high resistance of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Piracetam improved learning and prevented the development of acquired helplessness. Local changes in cerebral blood flow and energy deficit in neurons responsible for emotional stress during acquired helplessness impair adaptive capacity, but reduce energy consumption and protect neuronal structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy.
authors.forename: O Yu
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Vvedenskaya
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Avrushchenko
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bol'shakova
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Khitrov
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Moroz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen