title: Paroxysmal movement disorders in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy.
abstract: We report on the electroclinical findings and the results of a molecular genetic study of a patient with typical severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (TSME) and three with borderline SME (BSME) who showed paroxysmal movement disorders, such as choreoathetosis, dystonia and ballismus, during their clinical course. BSME was defined as a clinical entity that shares common characteristics with TSME but lacks myoclonic seizures associated with ictal EEG changes. When the paroxysmal movement disorders were first observed, all the patients in this study were being treated with polytherapy including phenytoin (PHT), and these abnormal movements disappeared when PHT was discontinued or reduced. However, on other occasions, two of our cases also showed the same abnormal movements even when not being treated with PHT. One patient with TSME and two of the three patients with BSME had SCN1A gene mutations that lead to truncation of the associated protein. We conclude that paroxysmal movement disorders seen in SME patients were closely related to their AED therapy, especially the use of PHT. It is thought that patients with both TSME and BSME have some predisposition toward paroxysmal movement disorders, and that this predisposition is partly related to sodium channel dysfunction, although some other factors might influence the occurrence of this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayama, Japan. ohtsuka@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouchida
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009154:Mutation; D062550:NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D062550:NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C568242:SCN1A protein, human; D015222:Sodium Channels; D010672:Phenytoin