title: Release of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan from depth-type membrane filters and their in vitro effects on proinflammatory cytokine production.
abstract: To clarify the origin of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in blood products and assess the biological activity of filter extracts, we evaluated (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan extraction from depth filters used to process blood products and their in vitro effects on proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages. Cellulose or nylon filters were analyzed for (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan using the Fungitec G test. To evaluate the biological activity of the filter extracts, Mono Mac 6 cells (a human macrophage cell line) were cultured with filter extracts with or without lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) concentrations in the culture media were measured. (1-->3)-beta-D-Glucan was released from seven cellulose filters but the nylon filter level was undetectable. Proinflammatory cytokine production ranged from 74.3% to 119.0% of the control for TNF-alpha and 81.2% to 115.9% for IL-1beta. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were low without lipopolysaccharide. The data indicate that (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in blood products is contaminated with the depth filters and that these filter extracts modulate proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D005936:Glucans / Q000032:analysis*; D017583:Hemodiafiltration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D047071:beta-Glucans
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047071:beta-Glucans; C064197:beta-1,6-glucan