title: Circulating and cardiac levels of apelin, the novel ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, in patients with heart failure.
abstract: The orphan receptor APJ and its recently identified endogenous ligand, apelin, are expressed in the heart. However, their importance in the human cardiovascular system is not known. This study shows that apelin-like immunoreactivity is abundantly present in healthy human heart and plasma. Gel filtration HPLC analysis revealed that atrial and plasma levels of high molecular weight apelin, possibly proapelin, were markedly higher than those of mature apelin-36 itself. As assessed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis, left ventricular apelin mRNA levels were increased 4.7-fold in chronic heart failure (CHF) due to coronary heart disease (p<0.01) and 3.3-fold due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (p<0.05), whereas atrial apelin mRNA levels were unchanged. Atrial and plasma apelin-like immunoreactivity as well as atrial and ventricular APJ receptor mRNA levels were significantly decreased in CHF. Our results suggest that a new cardiac regulatory peptide, apelin, and APJ receptor may contribute to the pathophysiology of human CHF.
authors.affiliation: Ist Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Földes
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horkay
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szokodi
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vuolteenaho
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ilves
authors.forename: Ken A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäyränpää
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sármán
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seres
authors.forename: Réka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skoumal
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lakó-Futó
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: deChâtel
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruskoaho
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tóth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; C104575:APLNR protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled