title: Sex-peptide is the molecular basis of the sperm effect in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Mating elicits two major changes in the reproductive behavior of many insect females. The egg-laying rate increases and the readiness to accept males (receptivity) is reduced. These postmating responses last approximately 1 week in Drosophila melanogaster. Males that do not transfer sperm but transfer seminal fluid during mating induce a short-term response of 1 day. The long-term response of 1 week requires the presence of sperm (sperm effect). Hence, sperm is essential for the long-term persistence of the postmating responses. Three seminal fluid peptides elicit postmating responses: ovulin, sex-peptide (SP), and DUP99B. Using the technique of targeted mutagenesis by homologous recombination, we have produced males with mutant SP genes. Here, we report that males lacking functional SP elicit only a weak short-term response. However, these males do transfer sperm. Thus, (i) SP is the major agent eliciting the short-term and the long-term postmating responses and (ii) sperm is merely the carrier for SP. The second conclusion is supported by the finding that SP binds to sperm. The 36-aa-encoding SP gene is the first small Drosophila gene knocked out with the method of homologous recombination.
authors.affiliation: Zoological Institute, University of Zurich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Huanfa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kubli
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003307:Copulation; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018390:Gene Targeting; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007301:Insect Hormones; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C489177:Acp36DE protein, Drosophila; C056736:SP protein, Drosophila