title: Inhibition of hemorrhagic and edematogenic activities of snake venoms by a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor, murinoglobulin; the effect on venoms from five different genera in Viperidae family.
abstract: In order to obtain basic data on the effect of broad-spectrum protease inhibitor against local symptoms of Viperidae snake envenomation, inhibitory capacity of rat murinoglobulin on local hemorrhagic and edematogenic activities of venoms from Crotalus atrox, Bothrops jararaca, Lachesis muta muta, Trimeresurus flavoviridis and Echis carinatus sochureki were examined. Murinoglobulin, pre-incubated with the crude venoms at 37 degrees C for 15 min, inhibited hemorrhagic activity of all five venoms to various extents. The activity of C. atrox was almost completely inhibited at the murinoglobulin/venom ratio (w/w) of 20. The activity of B. jararaca, Lachesis muta muta and T. flavoviridis venoms was considerably inhibited at the ratio of 20 (77.2, 80.0 and 86.2% inhibition, respectively), however some of the activity still remained even at the ratio of 40 (84.2, 79.8 and 86.2% inhibition, respectively). Among the five venoms, E. c. sochureki venom is quite resistant to murinoglobulin treatment and statistically significant inhibition was only found at the ratio of 40 (64.1% inhibition). Fibrinolytic and gelatinase activities were more susceptible to murinoglobulin inhibition. The treatment at the ratios of 10 and 20 almost completely inhibited respectively the fibrinolytic and the gelatinase activities of all the venoms. Murinoglobulin treatment also significantly inhibited the edematogenic activity of L. muta muta, T. flavoviridis and Echis carinatus sochureki. The treatment of murinoglobulin at the ratio of 40 considerably suppressed the swelling up to 60 min after subcutaneous injection of L. muta muta and E. c. sochureki venoms, and up to 30 min after T. flavoviridis venom injection. Murinoglobulin is a potent inhibitor against local effects of multiple snake venoms in Viperidae family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Miyazaki Medical College, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Wilker
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Filho
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiki
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Masugi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012712:Serum Globulins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D017819:Viperidae / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012712:Serum Globulins; C044177:murinoglobulin; D018093:Gelatinases