title: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor by MCF-7 breast cancer cells promotes estrogen-independent tumor growth in vivo.
abstract: Alteration of the phenotype of breast cancers from estrogen-dependent to estrogen-independent growth often leads to the failure of antiestrogenic tumor therapies. We report that overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells could abolish estrogen-dependent tumor growth in ovariectomized mice. In the absence of estrogen, MCF-7 VEGF-expressing tumors with increased vessel density showed growth kinetics similar to, or even greater than, that of parental MCF-7 tumors with estrogen supplementation. Overexpression of VEGF by MCF-7 cells or treatment on parental MCF-7 cells with recombinant VEGF also stimulated cell proliferation in culture. Our data suggest that VEGF stimulation of MCF-7 tumor angiogenesis and growth is mediated by both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Research Pavilion at Hillman Cancer Center, Suite 2.26, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Huo-Quan
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shi-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007763:Lac Operon; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D004958:Estradiol; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor