title: Relative influences of tumor volume before surgery and the cytoreductive outcome on survival for patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the relative influences of the extent of disease present before surgery and completeness of cytoreduction on survival for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (408) with stage IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer had cytoreductive surgery before systemic platinum-based combination chemotherapy. A ranking system (0-3) was devised to prospectively quantify the extent of disease involving: (1) right upper quadrant (diaphragm/hepatic, and adjacent peritoneal surfaces), (2) left upper quadrant (omentum/gastro-colic ligament, spleen, stomach, transverse colon, splenic flexure of colon), (3) pelvis (reproductive organs, recto-sigmoid, pelvic peritoneum), (4) retroperitoneum (pelvic/aortic nodes), and (5) central abdomen (small bowel, ascending/descending colon, mesentery, anterior abdominal wall, pericolic gutters). Survival was analyzed (log rank and Cox regression) on the basis of the rankings at these anatomic regions, the sum of intraabdominal rankings, and the cytoreductive outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall median and estimated 5-year survivals were 58.2 months and 49%. On univariate analysis, the central abdominal (P = 0.008) and left upper quadrant (P = 0.03) rankings, the sum of rankings (P = 0.01), and the cytoreductive outcome (P </= 0.0001) influenced survival (log rank). Survival was independently (stepwise Cox model) influenced by the sum of rankings (0-5, RR 1.00; 6-10, RR 1.24; 11-15, RR 1.44; P = 0.05), and completeness of cytoreduction (visibly disease-free, RR 1.00; </=1 cm residual, RR 2.32; >1 cm residual, RR 2.98; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytoreduction to a visibly disease-free outcome has a more significant influence on survival than the extent of metastatic disease present before surgery. Operative efforts should not be abbreviated on the hypothesis that extensive disease at specific anatomic regions precludes long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Women's Cancer Center: Encino-Tarzana, 5525 Etiwanda Ave., Suite 311, Tarzana, CA 91356, USA. dobsncats@AOL.com
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Eisenkop
authors.forename: Nick M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Spirtos
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Wei-Chien Michael
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perticucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome