Underlying issues including approaches and information needs in risk assessment.
Risk assessment requires a delicate consideration of the factors modifying exposure and effects. In this contribution a review is given of the qualitative and quantitative information needs that are essential for a proper risk assessment. The focus is on the details of metal exposure and exposure assessment, following the themes of environmental, physicochemical, and biological components that define exposure. Apart from a description of the principle processes and pathways, exposure assessment is placed in the context of risk assessment and its use in policy and regulatory decision making.
Baker
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S
International Copper Association, Environment Program, 260 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Herrchen
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M
Hund-Rinke
K
K
Klein
W
W
Kördel
W
W
Peijnenburg
W
W
Rensing
C
C
D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003657:Decision Making; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment
D019216:Metals, Heavy