title: The influence of measured versus assumed uptake of oxygen in assessing pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of data relating to pulmonary vascular resistance data in patients with a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis as calculated using predicted versus measured uptake of oxygen.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied retrospectively the data from 33 patients with a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis who underwent cardiac catheterisation prior to surgery to complete the Fontan circulation. Their weight ranged from 5.4 to 51.7 kg, and they were aged up to 12 years. Uptake of oxygen was measured using the Deltatrac II metabolic monitor. From the calculated indexed pulmonary vascular resistance, cases were stratified according to the risk of failure of the subsequent Fontan circulation. The six patients with a resistance of greater than 4 Um2 were deemed at high risk, the six with a resistance from 3 to 4 Um2 at moderate risk, and the 21 patients with a resistance less than 3 Um2 at low risk. Uptake of oxygen was also estimated from the predictive formulas of Lindahl, Lundell et al. and LaFarge and Miettinen. The indexed resistance was similarly calculated using these formulas and a comparable stratification of risk made from this data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predicted values for uptake of oxygen were consistently higher than those measured, leading to an underestimation of indexed resistance, with mean difference between -0.62 and -1.57 Um2. This difference resulted in misclassification of between five and nine of the 12 patients considered at moderate or high risk as being at low-risk. No other haemodynamic data could reliably separate the subjects deemed at low-risk from those considered to be at high-risk. A transpulmonary gradient of greater than 7 mm of mercury was found to be 100 percent specific for elevated indexed resistance, but only 60 percent sensitive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with bidirectional Glenn anastomoses, all formulas based on predictive uptake of oxygen lead to underestimation of the true indexed pulmonary vascular resistance, to an extent that could significantly influence clinical decision-making. The transpulmonary gradient is not a reliable surrogate for indexed pulmonary vascular resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Measurement, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. snrcardtech@adhb.govt.nz
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shanahan
authors.forename: Nigel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Tom L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gentles
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014690:Venous Pressure