title: Expression and regulation of the novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor neuropilin-1 by epidermal growth factor in human pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was recently shown that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which was described originally as a receptor for the semaphorins/collapsins (ligands involved in neuronal guidance), is a coreceptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increases the affinity of specific isoforms of VEGF to its receptor, VEGF-R2.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors investigated the expression and regulation of NRP-1 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens and cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that NRP-1 was expressed in 12 of 12 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens but was absent in nonmalignant pancreatic tissue. Northern blot analysis revealed NRP-1 mRNA expression in 8 of 11 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. NRP-1 mRNA expression was increased by epidermal growth factor (EGF) but not by tumor necrosis factor alpha in several of the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines studied. Treating human Panc-48 adenocarcinoma cells with EGF activated Akt and Erk but not P-38. Blockade of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk, or P-38 pathways abrogated EGF-induced NRP-1 expression. Finally, EGF receptor blockade in vivo led to a decrease in NRP-1 expression in an orthotopic model of human pancreatic carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NRP-1 is expressed in most human pancreatic adenocarcinomas and cell lines but not in nonmalignant pancreatic tissue. EGF regulates NRP-1 expression through the PI-3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways, and blockade of the EGF receptor is associated with decreased expression of NRP-1 in vivo. NRP-1 may act as a coreceptor for VEGF in pancreatic carcinoma, as it does in other tumor systems, thereby enhancing angiogenesis and the effect of VEGF on the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Wen Biao
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stoeltzing
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reinmuth
authors.forename: Christiane J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: Corazon D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bucana
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D039942:Neuropilin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D039942:Neuropilin-1; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007633:Keratins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases