title: Assessment of drug salt release from solutions, suspensions and in situ suspensions using a rotating dialysis cell.
abstract: A rotating dialysis cell consisting of a small (10 ml) and a large compartment (1000 ml) was used to study the release of drug salt (bupivacaine 9-anthracene carboxylate) from (i). solutions, (ii). suspensions and (iii). in situ formed suspensions. Initial release experiments from suspensions indicated that the release of drug salt in deionized water was predominantly limited by the diffusion across the membrane whereas it is essentially dissolution rate controlled in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.40). Thus, the in vitro model appears to have a potential in formulation screening when phosphate buffer is used as release media. Generally, the initial release of the drug salt from in situ suspensions occurred faster as compared to conventional suspensions, probably due to incomplete precipitation of the drug salt, and hence formation of supersaturated solutions where the rate of release is predominantly determined by the concentration gradient. However, when an adequately concentrated solution of the drug salt was used to prepare the in situ suspension, the initial fast release was followed by a substantial sustained release indicating that the release had become dissolution rate limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parshad
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frydenvang
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liljefors
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornett
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000737:chemistry*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003956:Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D004058:Diffusion; D012399:Rotation; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012492:Salts; D012996:Solutions; D013535:Suspensions; D002045:Bupivacaine