title: [Complications associated with the technique of pedicle screw fixation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the causes of the complications associated with the pedicle screw fixation during and after operation, as well as the methods for prevention and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1988 to December 1999, 475 patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation for various spinal disorders were reviewed retrospectively with statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and twenty-eight patients (90.1% of all) were followed up for (6.0 +/- 3.7) years. Complications of CD, DRFS, Dick, RF and steffee among 72 cases (80% of all) occurred during the operation of pedical screw fixation in 26 cases with the incidence of 5.5% and after the operation in 64 cases with the incidence of 15%. The incidence of operative/postoperative complications were 0-12.9% in CD, 6.8%-11.9% in DRFS, 7.3%-12.7% in Dick, 2.4%-19.5% in RF, and 10.1%-21.5% in Steffee respectively. The main complications included pseudoarthrosis, pedicle screw broken, pedicle screw malposition and so on. The complications were mainly due to unskilled technique of pedicle screw fixation, implant defect in design and so on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complications associated with the technique of pedicle screw fixation must not be neglected. The main causes are laid on unskilled technique of pedicle screw fixation and implant defect in design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100730, China. xshweng@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Xi-sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Gui-xing
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-gang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qi-bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*