title: Transcription from an upstream promoter controls methylation signaling from an inverted repeat of endogenous genes in Arabidopsis.
abstract: In plants, replication of RNA viruses and RNA from highly transcribed transgenes can trigger DNA methylation. These systems accumulate diced small RNA(smRNA) products of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) precursors, but it is not known which RNA species directs methylation. The methylated PAI tryptophan biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis allow the study of methylation signals for endogenous genes with lower expression levels. The PAI genes are arranged as a tandem inverted repeat plus two singlet genes at unlinked loci. Here we show that the predominant PAI transcript initiates at a novel unmethylated promoter that lies upstream of one of the inverted repeat PAI genes. Suppressed transcription from the upstream promoter using transgene-directed silencing reduces methylation on the singlet PAI genes, but not on the inverted repeat, consistent with an RNA methylation signal. RNA gel blots detect normal PAI transcripts and dsRNA read-through species, but not diced smRNAs, suggesting that either precursor dsRNAs or subdetectable levels of smRNAs, below the threshold to effectively degrade PAI transcripts, serve as the PAI methylation signal. Thus, the lower expression endogenous gene system allows dissection of a RNA-directed methylation pathway distinct from RNA degradation pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melquist
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bender
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017343:Genes, Plant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D009154:Mutation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D018749:RNA, Plant; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear