title: In vivo release of oxytetracycline from a biodegradable controlled-release gel injected subcutaneously in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
abstract: A long-acting, biodegradable, controlled-release formulation of oxytetracycline (CR-OTC) was evaluated in 18 adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) following a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Prior to characterizing the release of oxytetracycline (OTC) from the CR-OTC, the pharmacokinetic parameters of intravenously (i.v.) administered OTC were determined. Concentrations of free OTC were measured using a bioassay. The plasma concentration-time profile of OTC after a single i.v. injection at 20 mg/kg was best fit to an open two-compartmental model, with the following pharmacokinetic parameters: area under the curve (AUC) = 36.72 mg. h/L, terminal elimination half-life = 2.34 h, clearance (Cl) = 0.545 L/kg/h. Plasma [OTC] was >1.0 micro g/mL for at least 4 h following i.v. injection. The CR-OTC gel was well tolerated at a dosage of 1500 mg/kg s.c. Plasma [OTC] rose to >1.0 micro g/mL within 24 h; it remained >1.0 micro g/mL for at least 10 days in all birds sampled at that time point (n = 9) and for at least 18 days in two of nine birds. Using a deconvolution technique, it was determined that approximately 54.8% of the administered OTC was released from the CR-OTC over the 45-day observation period. This long-acting, biodegradable controlled-release OTC formulation may have potential for the treatment of chlamydophila infections and other OTC-sensitive bacteria in Japanese quail, however further studies are necessary to determine its safety and clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95606, USA. latell@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001682:Biological Availability; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D003370:Coturnix; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010118:Oxytetracycline