title: Orally administered melatonin reduces oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines induced by amyloid-beta peptide in rat brain: a comparative, in vivo study versus vitamin C and E.
abstract: To determine the efficacy of antioxidants in reducing amyloid-beta-induced oxidative stress, and the neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) in vivo, three injections of fibrillar amyloid-beta (fAbeta) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) into the CA1 region of the hippocampus of the rat were made. Concomitantly, one of the three free radical scavengers, i.e. melatonin, vitamin C, or vitamin E was also administered. Besides being a free radical scavenger, melatonin also has immunomodulatory functions. Antioxidant treatment reduced significantly oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. There were no marked differences between melatonin, vitamin C, and vitamin E regarding their capacity to reduce nitrites and lipoperoxides. However, melatonin exhibited a superior capacity to reduce the pro-inflammatory response induced by fAbeta.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. sarco60@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosales-Corral
authors.forename: Dun-Xian
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Russel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdivia-Velázquez
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martínez-Barboza
authors.forename: J Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Acosta-Martínez
authors.forename: Genaro G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D009566:Nitrates; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); D014810:Vitamin E; D008550:Melatonin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid