title: The effect of systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide on cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation in the 0.65 gestation ovine fetus in utero.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of intravenous lipopolysaccharide on systemic and cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation in the preterm ovine fetus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research centre for perinatal brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine fetal sheep at circa 93 days of gestation (0.65).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal sheep were chronically instrumented with arterial and venous catheters and a flow probe in the carotid artery. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure changes in cerebral oxygenation and total haemoglobin concentration. Three days after surgery, each fetus was given 100 ng/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Observations were continued for 48 hours post-injection and compared with baseline control values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal heart rate, mean arterial pressure, carotid blood flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three fetuses died after administration of the lipopolysaccharide. In the survivors fetal heart rate rose from 193 (SEM 7) to a mean maximal level of 226 (SEM 31 bpm) (P = 0.01) after 6.5 (SEM 1.0) hours. The mean arterial pressure decreased from 40.5 (SEM 4.2) to 29.4 (SEM 1.6) mmHg (P < 0.05) after 7.0 (SEM 2.0) hours, and carotid blood flow increased from 29.6 (SEM 1.6) to 45.8 (SEM 5.7) mL/min (P = 0.0002) at 12 (SEM 3) hours. All values returned to control levels by 48 hours. Histological assessment showed evidence of periventricular leucomalacia in three out of six brains studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data do not suggest that cerebral ischaemia is the main aetiological factor in endotoxin-related fetal brain injury. Fetal tachycardia and cerebral vasodilation may indicate endotoxaemia in fetuses exposed to prenatal infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Peebles
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000473:pathology; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009336:Necrosis; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins