title: Phytoestrogen intake and endometrial cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of endometrial cancer is largely related to prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogens. Phytoestrogens (i.e., weak estrogens found in plant foods) may have antiestrogenic effects. We evaluated the associations between dietary intake of seven specific compounds representing three classes of phytoestrogens (isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans) and the risk of endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study from the greater San Francisco Bay Area, we collected dietary information from 500 African American, Latina, and white women aged 35-79 years who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer between 1996 and 1999 and from 470 age- and ethnicity-matched control women identified through random-digit dialing. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoflavone (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.93 for the highest versus lowest quartile of exposure) and lignan (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.44 to 1.1) consumptions were inversely related to the risk of endometrial cancer. These associations were slightly stronger in postmenopausal women (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.77 and OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.97 for isoflavones and lignans, respectively). Obese postmenopausal women consuming relatively low amounts of phytoestrogens had the highest risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 6.9, 95% CI = 3.3 to 14.5 compared with non-obese postmenopausal women consuming relatively high amounts of isoflavones); however, the interaction between obesity and phytoestrogen intake was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some phytoestrogenic compounds, at the levels consumed in the typical American-style diet, are associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Northern California Cancer Center, Union City, CA 94587, USA. phornros@nccc.org
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Horn-Ross
authors.forename: Esther M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Canchola
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Marion M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D013025:Glycine max; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations