title: Transporters involved in uptake of di- and tricarboxylates in Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: Di- and tricarboxylates found as intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle can be utilized by many bacteria and serve as carbon and energy source under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A prerequisite for metabolism is that the carboxylates are transported into the cells across the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacillus subtilis is able to metabolize many di- and tricarboxylates and in this overview the available data on all known and putative di- and tricarboxylate transporters in B. subtilis is summarized. The B. subtilis transporters, that are of the secondary type, are discussed in the context of the protein families to which they belong. Available data on biochemical characterization, regulation of gene expression and the physiological function is summarized. It is concluded that in B. subtilis multiple transporters are present for tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.
authors.affiliation: Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bastiaan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Krom
authors.forename: Jessica B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Wil N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Konings
authors.forename: Juke S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lolkema
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029382:Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D027981:Symporters; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C102671:CitM protein, Bacillus subtilis; D029382:Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D027981:Symporters; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids; C073786:dctA protein, Sinorhizobium meliloti