title: Celecoxib inhibits metabolism of cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate metoprolol in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro data have shown that celecoxib inhibits the metabolism of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 substrates. However, very limited data are available on the influence of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on the disposition of CYP2D6 substrates in humans. Therefore the objective of this study was to examine the effect of celecoxib and rofecoxib on the pharmacokinetics of the clinically relevant CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open, randomized, 3-period crossover study was performed in 12 healthy male volunteers. Metoprolol (50 mg) was given in all 3 periods without or after 7 days of pretreatment with celecoxib (200 mg twice daily) or rofecoxib (25 mg daily) to achieve steady-state conditions of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors in periods 2 and 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Celecoxib significantly increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of metoprolol from 271 to 414 micro g. h/L (64% +/- 57%, P <.001) and by more than 200% in 1 volunteer. The extent of this drug interaction was more pronounced in volunteers with 2 fully functional alleles compared with volunteers with 1 fully functional allele (103% +/- 75% versus 36% +/- 23%, P <.05). After administration of celecoxib, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol decreased significantly from 474 to 387 micro g. h/L (P <.01). Rofecoxib caused no significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that celecoxib inhibits the metabolism of the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol but that rofecoxib does not. Clinically relevant drug interaction may occur between celecoxib and CYP2D6 substrates, particularly those with a narrow therapeutic index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical pharmacology and Toxicology and II Medical Clinic, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. ulrike.werner@pharmakologie.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Dierk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brune
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D000068579:Celecoxib; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D065690:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013450:Sulfones
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D065690:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007783:Lactones; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D008790:Metoprolol; D000068579:Celecoxib