title: Convergence of signaling pathways induced by systemin, oligosaccharide elicitors, and ultraviolet-B radiation at the level of mitogen-activated protein kinases in Lycopersicon peruvianum suspension-cultured cells.
abstract: We tested whether signaling pathways induced by systemin, oligosaccharide elicitors (OEs), and ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation share common components in Lycopersicon peruvianum suspension-cultured cells. These stress signals all induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. In desensitization assays, we found that pretreatment with systemin and OEs transiently reduced the MAPK response to a subsequent treatment with the same or a different elicitor. In contrast, MAPK activity in response to UV-B increased after pretreatment with systemin and OEs. These experiments demonstrate the presence of signaling components that are shared by systemin, OEs, and UV-B. Based on desensitization assays, it is not clear if the same or different MAPKs are activated by different stress signals. To identify specific stress-responsive MAPKs, we cloned three MAPKs from a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaf cDNA library, generated member-specific antibodies, and performed immunocomplex kinase assays with extracts from elicited L. peruvianum cells. Two highly homologous MAPKs, LeMPK1 and LeMPK2, were activated in response to systemin, four different OEs, and UV-B radiation. An additional MAPK, LeMPK3, was only activated by UV-B radiation. The common activation of LeMPK1 and LeMPK2 by many stress signals is consistent with the desensitization assays and may account for substantial overlaps among stress responses. On the other hand, MAPK activation kinetics in response to elicitors and UV-B differed substantially, and UV-B activated a different set of LeMPKs than the elicitors. These differences may account for UV-B-specific responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Holley
authors.forename: Roopa D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Yalamanchili
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Clarence A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Johannes W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Stratmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000528:radiation effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000819:agonists* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019657:Solanaceae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010455:Peptides; C073704:systemin; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases