title: [Early hospital mortality due to infectious diseases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infectious diseases are an important health problem. Early hospital mortality (EHM) (first 48 hours after hospital admission) give us information about the etiology and the focus of infection. This study was designed because no articles have been found about this subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records coded by the ICD-9-CM of all patients that suffered from EHM due to infectious diseases during the period 1992 to 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all the patients analyzed, 0.7% died of EHM, and of theses, 6.9% were due to an infectious disease. Median age was 73.2 years; 56.1% were men. Index of comorbidity was higher than 1 in 59,9%, and 70,7% never has been admitted to the hospital before. At admission, fever was present in 43.9%. The illness severity was 60.9% sepsis, 24.4% severe sepsis, 13.4% septic shock and 1.2% multiorgan failure. Causes of death were respiratory (76.8%; pneumonia 58.5%). Pneumonia was more frequent among aged 65 years and older (p = 0.03). In 69.5% no microbiological techniques were performed with independence of the clinical severity or the presence or absence of fever. In 85.4% the casual agent was unidentified, but in the case of isolation, gram positive was the most frequent microorganism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infections are an important cause of EHM, and community-acquired respiratory tract infection (mainly pneumonia) the most frequent cause of EHM. Patients were admitted to the hospital with sepsis in 60.9%, perhaps due to a diagnostic or therapeutic delay. Among aged 65 years and older, microbiological diagnostic procedures were rarely employed.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna. Complejo Hospitalario San Millán-San Pedro. Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mosquera
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bergua
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Echevarría
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zabala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors