title: Assessment and management of pain and distress in the neonate.
abstract: Pain management is an integral focus of neonatal care. This article reviews the physiology and impact of neonatal pain and distress and pain assessment tools, as well as clinical interventions and current controversies in the management of pain and distress in neonates. Current guidelines to enhance the recognition and treatment of pain are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Rilkean648@aol.com
authors.forename: Mae M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Kolawole
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Solarin
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017283:Neonatal Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000777:Anesthetics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009294:Narcotics