title: Low maternal vitamin D as a risk factor for schizophrenia: a pilot study using banked sera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence from epidemiology suggests that low maternal vitamin D may be a risk factor for schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on sera taken during the third trimester, we compared the level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 in mothers of individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders versus mothers of unaffected controls. For each case, we selected two controls matched on race, gender and date of birth of the offspring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in third trimester maternal vitamin D in the entire sample (cases = 26, controls = 51). Within the subgroup of black individuals (n = 21), there was a trend level difference in the predicted direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal vitamin D does not operate as a continuous graded risk factor for schizophrenia, however, the results in the black subgroup raise the possibility that below a certain critical threshold, low levels of maternal vitamin D may be associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, University of Queensland, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol Q4076, Australia. john_mcgrath@qcsr.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eyles
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mowry
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yolken
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012621:Seasons; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D002112:Calcifediol