title: Treatment of lower urethral calculi with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy: a comparison of effectiveness and complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and incidence of complications of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) compared with pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) in the treatment of lower uretheral calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 1997 to June 1999, 210 patients with lower ureteric calculi were treated with ESWL and the other 180 with URSL. The stones were fragmented with pneumatic lithotripter. The outcome was assessed by evacuation, retreatment and complication rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESWL for lower ureteric calculi resulted in a stone evacuation rate of 78.1%, compared with 93.3% for URSL (P < 0.05). ESWL had a retreatment rate of 11.9% and a perforation rate of 0, while URSL caused perforation of ureters in 3.3% of patients and a refreatment of 2.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the management of lower ureteric calculi, ESWL provides a non-invasive, simple and safe option, and URSL has a higher stone evacuation rate but causes ureter perforation more frequently than ESWL does. Both ESWL and URSL have their respective advantages. It is recommended, however, that URSL be extensively developed for better treatment efficacy, given that the operator has an adequate technical background.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First People's Municipal Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China. wdezhong@21cn.com
authors.forename: Weide
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Guangqiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yuebin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Qishan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hong'ai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*