title: Early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy using double-shock stimulation of peripheral nerves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the amplitudes of a sensory nerve action potential (NAP) to a conditioning stimulus given prior to a test stimulus at 2-8 ms intervals in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus with no clinical signs of neuropathy and normal nerve conduction velocities (NCVs), to be able to diagnose peripheral neuropathy at its very early stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  NAPs in the superficial branch of the radial nerve were recorded in healthy subjects (28 women and 7 men) and type II diabetes patients without neuropathy (22 women and 12 men). Radial nerve was first stimulated with a single shock and then with double shocks at intervals of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 ms; NAP amplitudes and NAP1/NAP2 ratios were calculated in normals and diabetics. NCVs were within the normal ranges (>50 m/s) in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the independent variables--group (control, patient), sex (male, female), and hand (right, left)--only group significantly influenced NAP amplitude; mean NAP amplitude (single shock) was significantly lower in patients than controls. NAP1/NAP2 ratios were slightly below one (facilitation) in controls; it was above one at 1-8 ms stimulus intervals (inhibition) in diabetics, which was strongest at smallest intervals, gradually decreasing, and almost disappearing as the stimulus interval approached 8 ms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using double-shock stimuli, an early diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy would be possible in diabetics without clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy and exhibiting no slowing in NCV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Adana Research Hospital, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey. melihatan100@netscape.net
authors.forename: Meliha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Uner
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011826:Radial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors