title: Effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy on postsurgical morbidity and mortality in cT3-4 +/- cM1lymph cancer of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very few studies have examined post-operative morbidity after resection of oesophageal carcinoma, especially in patients treated with induction chemo- and radiotherapy for locally advanced stages. This study assessed the effects of induction chemoradiotherapy on post-operative course after resection of locally advanced oesophageal carcinoma (cT3-4 + cM1lymph).
  
  
  METHODS
  Induction therapy consisted of 5-fluorouracil days 1-5 and days 21-25, cisplatin day 1 + day 21 and concomitant radiotherapy 18-20 fractions of 2Gy (total dose 36-40Gy). Induction chemoradiotherapy was completed in 109 patients. Surgery was performed in 90 patients (operability: 90/109 = 83%): 85 patients underwent resection with curative intent (resectability: 85/109 = 78%), bypass operation was performed in five patients. Nineteen patients could not be operated on. Results were compared to a matched group of pT3M1LYM/pT4 patients (n = 86) who underwent primary surgery in the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resection was complete (R0) in 68 patients (68/90 = 76%). Mean duration of surgery was 428 min (range: 240-690). Peroperative complications were haemorrhage in three patients (3/90 = 3.3%), tracheobronchial perforation in three patients (3/90 = 3.3%). Median total hospital stay was 20.5 days (range: 8-355). Mean duration of intubation was 7 days (range: 1-190); 67 patients (67/90 = 74.4%) were intubated for less than 24 h. Non-tumour related hospital mortality after resection was 8.3% (7/84 patients). Mortality after two-field lymphadenectomy was 5.2 versus 11.7% after three-field lymphadenectomy. After primary surgery (n = 86) overall mortality was 2.3% (P = 0.015) and nil after two- and three-field lymphadenectomy (P = 0.011). Medical morbidity consisted of pneumonia in 43 patients (43/90 = 48%), atelectasis in ten patients (10/90 = 11%), dysrhythmia in 21 patients (21/90 = 23%), sepsis in 11 patients (11/90 = 12%) and adult respiratory distress syndrome in ten patients (10/90 = 11%). Surgical morbidity included pleural effusion in 16 patients (16/90 = 18%), tracheal fistula in two patients (2/90 = 2%), chylothorax in two patients (2/90 = 2%) and acute pancreatitis in one patient (1/90 = 1%). Ten patients (10/90 = 11%) had a radiologically confirmed anastomotic leak; however only in four out of them with clinical manifestation; treatment was conservative in all four patients. Major morbidity occurred in 27 patients (27/90 = 30%). Overall rate of morbidity was significantly higher after three-field lymphadenectomy (85%) as compared to two-field lymphadenectomy (68.7%; P = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemoradiotherapy followed by resection of cT3-4 +/- cM1lymph oesophageal carcinoma is feasible with acceptable mortality. Mortality, however, seems to be significantly higher when compared to a group of pT3M1LYM/pT4 patients who underwent primary surgery (8.3 versus 2.3%; P = 0.015) in the same period in our department.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals, U.Z. Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hagry
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coosemans
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Leyn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nafteux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Raemdonck
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Cutsem
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hausterman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lerut
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D002299:Cardia; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome