title: Argatroban anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an intensely prothrombotic syndrome managed by discontinuation of heparin therapy and substitution of an alternative inhibitor of thrombin. We describe our experience with argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor, in patients with HIT or HIT with thrombosis (HITTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, nonrandomized prospective study, 418 patients with HIT were administered intravenous argatroban, 2 micro g/kg per minute, adjusted to maintain the activated partial thromboplastin time at 1.5 to 3 times the baseline value for a mean of 5 to 7 days. Comparisons were made with a historical control cohort (n = 185). The prospectively defined, primary efficacy end point was a composite of all-cause death, all-cause amputation, or new thrombosis in 37 days. Other end points included the components of the composite, death due to thrombosis, increased platelet count, and bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HIT arm, the composite end point was significantly reduced in argatroban-treated patients vs controls (28.0% vs 38.8%; P =.04). In the HITTS arm, the composite end point occurred in 41.5% of argatroban-treated patients vs 56.5% of controls (P =.07). By time-to-event analysis of the composite end point, argatroban therapy was significantly better than historical control therapy in HIT (P =.02) and HITTS (P =.008). Argatroban therapy also significantly reduced new thrombosis in HIT and HITTS and death due to thrombosis in HITTS. There were no significant between-group differences in all-cause death or amputation. Platelet counts recovered more rapidly in argatroban-treated patients than in controls. Bleeding rates were similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Argatroban therapy, compared with historical control, improves outcomes, particularly new thrombosis and death due to thrombosis, in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leya
authors.forename: Marcie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hursting
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kelton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D013449:Sulfonamides; D006493:Heparin; D001120:Arginine; C031942:argatroban