title: Survivin gene expression in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, overexpressed in most human malignancies and implicated in mitosis regulation and preservation of cell viability. In order to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of survivin in early-stage non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), survivin mRNA levels and protein expression were evaluated, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in a series of 83 patients with stage I (IA and IB) surgically resected NSCLC. Detectable survivin mRNA levels could be demonstrated in all non-neoplastic lung tissue samples and in the tumours analysed. Survivin mRNA levels were elevated in 80 carcinomas (96%) compared to normal lung (p = 0.008). Among all tumours, survivin transcripts were present at a higher level in squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.0022). Cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity was found in 70% and 80% of tumours, respectively and both were present in 54%. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity correlated with tumour stage (p = 0.019). Survivin expression levels did not correlate with patient survival. In one specimen, cytoplasmic and focal nuclear immunostaining was observed in dysplastic bronchial squamous metaplasia. These results document that survivin overexpression is almost always present in early-stage NSCLC, suggesting that this protein may play a role in lung tumourigenesis. This ubiquitous expression makes survivin an appealing new target for novel therapies in lung cancer. In addition, this study also documents that survivin overexpression could be exploited for diagnostic purposes and that quantitative real-time RT-PCR can be a useful tool for evaluating survivin activation in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dental Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Milan, AO S Paolo, Via A Di Rudini 8, 20142 Milan, Italy. monica.falleni@unimi.it
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falleni
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oprandi
authors.forename: Fiamma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buttitta
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barassi
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santambrogio
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coggi
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bosari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D000077022:Survivin