title: Blind canalicular marsupialization in complete punctal absence as part of a systematic approach for classification and treatment of lacrimal system obstructions.
abstract: The procedure of choice for epiphora caused by bipunctal and canalicular obstruction is conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. Despite its high success rate, it may result in multiple complications, such as extrusion, migration, and secondary obstruction. The author describes a simple alternative procedure to conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy for patients with epiphora caused by bipunctal and proximal canaliculus complete occlusion and a systematic approach to treat lacrimal system obstructions. Ten instances of bipunctal and proximal canaliculus absence in five consecutive patients, caused in four patients by ocular surface disorders (topical drug toxicity, herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, and trachoma), were treated by blunt dissection of the presumed lower punctal site under a surgical microscope. The punctal site was determined by several landmarks, the peaked medial lid margin, a dimple at that site, or an area of relative avascularity. The canaliculus was exposed and expanded to create a pocket. After the procedure, the lacrimal drainage system was found patent in nine of the 10 procedures. After one additional procedure, irrigation of the lacrimal drainage system revealed a nasolacrimal duct obstruction that was treated with dacryocystorhinostomy and silicone tube insertion. After these procedures, an objective resolution of the epiphora was noted in all patients. Epiphora resulting from lack of punctal and proximal canaliculus caused by ocular surface diseases may be treated with blind exposure and marsupialization of the proximal canaliculus instead of conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. If, in addition, the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed, a dacryocystorhinostomy may be performed. If this proposed procedure fails, the patient can still undergo conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy or other procedures. The procedure may be part of a systematic approach to treat lacrimal drainage obstructions that is based on an association between the location and the cause of the obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Western Galilee-Nahariya Medical Center and Hadassah University Hospital, Nahariya, Israel.
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rumelt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000601:surgery; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged