title: Effect of combined oral estrogen/progestogen preparation (Kliogest) on bone mineral density, plasma lipids and postmenopausal symptoms in HRT-naïve Thai women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kliogest is commonly prescribed for the relief of acute postmenopausal symptoms and prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. However, there have been few data on its effect in Asian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 1-year, single-center, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Kliogest in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-naïve Thai women. The subjects were 120 healthy Thai women aged between 45 and 65 years, with intact uterus, and who had been amenorrheic for at least 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kliogest increased spine (+ 6%, p < 0.01) and hip (+2%, p < 0.01) bone mineral density (BMD), and lowered plasma total cholesterol (TC) (-16%, p < 0.05) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-16%, p < 0.05) concentrations. However, Kliogest also resulted in a decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration (-18%, p < 0.05). Compared to placebo, the reduction in menopausal symptoms by Kliogest was not statistically significant. The frequency and severity of treatment-related uterine bleeding decreased with the duration of Kliogest treatment. Furthermore, there was a fairly strong relationship between the change in serum estrone concentration and the average monthly weighted bleeding scores over the first 6 months (Spearman's correlation r = 0.54; p < 0.001), which became weaker over the entire treatment period (Spearman's correlation r = 0.27; p < 0.01). Although there was a small to moderate relationship between baseline estrone concentration and both lumbar (r = 0.23, p < 0.02) and hip (r = 0.20, p < 0.05) BMD, there was no significant relationship between Kliogest-induced change in estrone concentration and change in lumbar and hip BMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous treatment with Kliogest for 1 year reversed the potential postmenopausal bone loss in HRT-naïve Thai postmenopausal women. However, its effect on cardiovascular risk is uncertain. Furthermore, Kliogest is safe but appears to have no significant effect on climacteric symptoms in the patients in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. ramjy@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Mayuree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jirapinyo
authors.forename: Urusa
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Theppisai
authors.forename: Jittima
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manonai
authors.forename: Charnchai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suchartwatnachai
authors.forename: Lars Nelleman
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004964:Estriol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013785:Thailand; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins; D004958:Estradiol; C032040:Trisequens; D002784:Cholesterol; D004964:Estriol; D009640:Norethindrone