title: The effects of different intraocular irrigating solutions on the apoptosis of cultured RPE cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect on porcine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of modified intraocular irrigating solutions compared with BSS and BSS plus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Confluent cultures of RPE cells were incubated in experimental intraocular irrigating solutions. The cells were then examined for breakdown of DNA by the TUNEL procedure. Fragmentation of the DNA from cells was also confirmed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the experimentally, treated cells exhibited a shrunken appearance for up to 72 h. There was a steady increase in the number of cells labeled by the TUNEL method in three solutions with time. The data demonstrated that the influence of solutions on the percentage of RPE cell nuclei that gave a clear positive TUNEL stain was, in ascending order: modified solution>BSS>BSS plus. Of the three solutions tested, BSS plus showed least apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that BSS plus is less harmful to RPE cells than the other solutions tested. Introduction of other adjunctive solutions of antibiotics, mydriatics, miotics, and steroid, resulting in an altered electrolyte balance, pH, or osmolality in the solution, may compromise the safety and efficacy of a properly formulated and packaged solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Teaching Hospital (People's Hospital), No 11, Xizhimen South St, Xicheng District, 100044 Beijing, PR China. ycy_ophthal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Chunyue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xiaoxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008903:Minerals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; C030660:BSS solution; D001639:Bicarbonates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008903:Minerals; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C013003:glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005978:Glutathione