title: Preoperative natural killer cell activity as a prognostic factor for distant metastasis following surgery for colon cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether preoperative natural killer (NK) cell activity has any prognostic significance in colon cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 140 patients with colon cancer. NK cell activity was determined within 2 weeks before surgery in 128 patients and at the time of diagnosis in the remaining 12 patients who either did not undergo surgery or who underwent palliative surgery only. Disease progression and postoperative prognosis were examined in relation to NK cell activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreases in NK cell activity did not necessarily correspond to tumor stage. In curatively operated stage I-III diseases, preoperative NK cell activity of 20% or less correlated with poor survival. Lower activity was also associated with metachronous distant metastases but not with local recurrences. In particular, more than half the stage III patients with attenuated NK cell activity developed metastases. Multivariate analysis indicated that attenuated NK cell activity was a significant parameter for predicting distant metastasis following curative surgery for colon cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative NK cell activity has a significant prognostic value in curatively operated colon cancer, particularly for the development of metachronous distant metastasis in stage III patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seike
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000276:immunology*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models