title: Pharmacological characterization of isolated human prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human prostate contains alpha-1 adrenergic, cholinergic and nonadrenergic noncholinergic neuroreceptors. Using agonistic and antagonistic agents at these neuroreceptors we studied the resultant contractile responses in isolated human prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human prostate tissue was obtained at prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia in 37 adult male patients. Tissues were suspended in tissue bath chambers connected to force displacement transducers. Specimens were subjected to agonist induced contractions, the first always being norepinephrine (NE). Specimens were pretreated with antagonist (adrenergic, cholinergic, nonadrenergic noncholinergic or none if control), followed by contraction with a second agonist (NE or other). Contractile tensions were recorded on a polygraph and then statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The order of highest to lowest agonist induced tensile forces was NE, dopamine, acetylcholine, bethanechol, histamine and serotonin. Excitatory concentration EC(50) values were determined for each agonist tested. Significant differences were found between specific alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockers (terazosin, prazosin and the experimental drug LY253352). In addition, many other agents antagonized the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor. Inhibitory concentration IC(50) values were obtained and the order of alpha-1 adrenergic antagonistic strengths from strongest to weakest was LY253352, prazosin, terazosin, ketanserin, SCH23390, diphenhydramine, DO710, dopamine, serotonin and histamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human prostate neuroreceptors were determined to be alpha-1 adrenergic, dopaminergic, muscarinic cholinergic, 2A serotonergic and H1 histaminergic. Dopamine, serotonin, histamine and their antagonists blocked the adrenergic response, indicating possible receptor-receptor interaction. Further study of the pharmacology of human prostate would likely identify new drugs for treating patients with bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Anesthesiology, Brookdale University Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kester
authors.forename: Unni M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Mooppan
authors.forename: Angelo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gousse
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Alver
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gintautas
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gulmi
authors.forename: Adel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abadir
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000737:chemistry*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000737:chemistry*; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000737:chemistry*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D006632:Histamine; D009638:Norepinephrine