title: Component analysis and growth process of nasopharyngeal calculus as revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
abstract: A quite rare case of nasopharyngeal calculus in a woman in her twenties associated with the nasal discharge of pseudomonas infection was reported. As the substance was irregularly large in size, we extracted it partially by piecemeal resection using forceps and also by cracking technique using the holmium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser, under saline irrigation and stereotactic microscopic navigator (SMN) system under endoscopic observation. The substance was firmly fixed to the pharyngeal tonsil bed. The final extract was a small piece of singly folded bandage, which is probably the focal background for calculus formation. In a cross section of calculus specimen removed during surgery, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis revealed that a) signal ratio of methylene group (organic substance) to amide I (protein) was 21.6% at the nasal cavity side, gradually decreased toward nasal mucous membrane showing approximate 50%, b) signal ratio of amide I to P04(3-) (inorganic substance) ranged between 17.7% and 26.7% at the different sites and inside the calculus, the protein content was approximate 1/5 of the inorganic substance, and c) signal ratio of the methylene group to amide I at the nasal cavity site showed that their contents were almost equal. The quantity of the organic substance was estimated at approximate 1/2 quantity of the protein at both the central part and the part contacted with the mucous membrane. From these results, it seems that throughout the course of calculus growth, both inorganic substance and protein remain almost constant inside the calculus, while organic substance is released from the internal part of the calculus being probably formed at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Himeji St Mary's Hospital, 650 Nibuno, Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture, 670-0801, Japan. ogawa@himemaria.or.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohsaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002137:Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009302:Nasopharyngeal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014420:Turbinates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism