title: Raf1 plays a pivotal role in lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of dendritic cells.
abstract: Activation of extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK) is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cellular responses such as the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38 are also activated by LPS and have been postulated to be important in the control of these end points. Therefore, establishing the relative contribution of MAPKs in each cell type is important, as is elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which these MAPKs are activated in LPS-induced signaling cascades. We demonstrated in DC2.4 dendritic cells that ERK regulates tyrosine phosphorylation of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3-K) and the production of TNF-alpha. We also demonstrated that Raf1 is phosphorylated and involved in the production of TNF-alpha and tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-K via ERK. Raf1 also regulates the activation of NF-kappaB. We propose that Raf1 plays a pivotal role in LPS-induced activation of the dendritic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ise
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.forename: Kunihisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagimoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014443:Tyrosine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases