title: Chemokine stimulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes induces rapid dephosphorylation of ERM proteins, which facilitates loss of microvilli and polarization.
abstract: Lymphocyte microvilli mediate initial rolling-adhesion along endothelium but are lost during transmigration from circulation to tissue. However, the mechanism for resorption of lymphocyte microvilli remains unexplored. We show that chemokine stimulation of human peripheral blood T (PBT) cells is sufficient to induce rapid resorption of microvilli. Microvilli in other cells are regulated by ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, which link the plasma membrane to the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton; maintenance of these linkages requires ERM activation, reflected by phosphorylation at a specific carboxy-terminal threonine residue. Carboxyphosphorylated-ERM (cpERM) proteins in resting PBT cells show a punctate peripheral distribution consistent with localization to microvilli. cpERM dephosphorylation begins within seconds of stimulation by chemokines (stromal derived factor 1 alpha [SDF-1 alpha] or secondary lymphoid tissue cytokine), and ERM proteins lose their punctate distribution with kinetics paralleling the loss of microvilli. The cpERM proteins are preferentially associated with the cytoskeleton at rest and this association is lost with chemokine-induced dephosphorylation. Transfection studies show that a dominant-negative ERM construct destroys microvilli, whereas a construct mimicking cpERM facilitates formation of microvilli, retards chemokine-induced loss of microvilli, and markedly impairs chemokine-induced polarization. Thus, chemokine induces rapid dephosphorylation and inactivation of cpERM, which may in turn facilitate 2 aspects of cytoskeletal reorganization involved in lymphocyte recruitment: loss of microvilli and polarization.
authors.affiliation: Human Immunology Section, Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, Rm 4B36, 10 Center Dr, MSC 1360, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ruchika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nijhara
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hallam
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gignac
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Erlandsen
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delon
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruhlak
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D018925:Chemokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000099149:Ezrin
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000099149:Ezrin; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; C071058:moesin; C071776:radixin