title: Underlying issues including approaches and information needs in risk assessment.
abstract: Risk assessment requires a delicate consideration of the factors modifying exposure and effects. In this contribution a review is given of the qualitative and quantitative information needs that are essential for a proper risk assessment. The focus is on the details of metal exposure and exposure assessment, following the themes of environmental, physicochemical, and biological components that define exposure. Apart from a description of the principle processes and pathways, exposure assessment is placed in the context of risk assessment and its use in policy and regulatory decision making.
authors.affiliation: International Copper Association, Environment Program, 260 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrchen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hund-Rinke
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kördel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peijnenburg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rensing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003657:Decision Making; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy