title: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in critically ill obstetric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical, neuroradiological and evolutionary findings in obstetric patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  University intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four critically ill patients. Two patients experienced PRES in late postpartum without the classical pre-eclamptic signs. All patients showed impairment of consciousness and epileptic seizures; two of them presented cortical blindness and headache, too. True status epilepticus (SE) occurred in two cases. In all patients MRI showed the typical feature of gray-white matter edema, mainly localized to the temporo-parieto-occipital areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normalization of high blood pressure (BP) and treatment of seizures. Two patients with SE and severe impairment of consciousness were treated with an intravenous valproate (ivVPA) bolus followed by continuous infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three cases, neurological and MRI abnormalities completely resolved in about a week. Another patient died due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a well described clinical and neuroradiological syndrome characterized by headache, altered mental status, cortical blindness and seizures, and a diagnostic MRI picture; usually reversible, PRES can sometimes result in death or in irreversible neurological deficits, thus requiring early diagnosis and prompt treatment. PRES can have various etiologies, but pregnancy and postpartum more frequently lead to this condition. Treatment of seizures deserves special attention since the anti-epileptic drugs currently used in SE management may worsen vigilance as well as autonomic functions. Extensive research is needed to assess the role of ivVPA in this condition.
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences , Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy. servillo@unina.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Servillo
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Striano
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Striano
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boccella
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences , Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Robertis
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences , Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossano
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.affiliation: Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences , Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tufano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011859:Radiography; D013577:Syndrome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014635:Valproic Acid