title: Down-regulation of Flt-1 gene expression by the proteasome inhibitor MG262.
abstract: The mechanisms involved in the anti-angiogenic actions of the proteasome inhibitors are poorly understood. Here, we report that the gene expression of the VEGF receptor Flt-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1) was down-regulated by the reversible proteasome inhibitor MG262 in explant cultures of the developing chicken pecten oculi, a vascular organ consisting of endothelial cells, pericytes, and macrophages. In addition, the inhibitor prevented the induction of Flt-1 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages and down-regulated the expression of Flt-1 after LPS induction. Flt-1 gene expression was also down regulated by MG262 in cultures of human microvascular endothelial cells. Interestingly, a transcript of Flt-1, coding for a soluble form of the receptor (sFlt-1) with anti-angiogenic properties, was not down-regulated in the same extent. Only a small decrease in the expression of VEGF and Ang-2 was detected in the pecten oculi upon inhibition of the proteasome, while no major changes were observed in the expression of other angiogenic molecules, such as KDR or Ang-1. Since recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of anti-Flt-1 therapy in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, retinal angiogenesis, arthritis, and atherosclerosis (Luttun et al. [2002]: Nat Med 8:831-840), our observation on down-regulation of Flt-1 in microvascular endothelial cells and macrophages by MG262 supports the postulated role of the proteasome inhibitors as potential candidates for therapeutic modulation of angiogenesis and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mezquita
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mezquita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mezquita
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D017931:DNA Primers; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D001897:Boronic Acids; D017931:DNA Primers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C423917:MG 262; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex