title: Achilles tendinitis in psoriasis: clinical and sonographic findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Involvement of the Achilles tendon is frequent in psoriatic arthritis, but it is easily missed at clinical examination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To seek evidence of Achilles tendon abnormalities by means of sonography in psoriatic patients and to correlate sonographic findings with clinical symptoms (tendon and soft-tissue swelling, pain, and difficulty in walking).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients with plaque-type psoriasis (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, 3.7-34.7) and 50 healthy, aged-matched volunteers underwent clinical and sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendons and peritendinous structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen (30.5%) of the 59 patients had clinical symptoms of Achilles tendinitis. Thirty-five (59.3%) of the patients had sonographic abnormalities. Of these, 13 patients had clinically symptomatic abnormalities, and 11 had psoriatic arthritis. Degenerative tendinitis was the most frequent sonographic finding (76.9%) among patients with symptomatic conditions. Five patients with symptoms did not have sonographic alterations. None of the controls had clinical or sonographic changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In psoriatic patients Achilles tendon abnormalities cannot be excluded even when they are clinically absent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Università Carrolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. lutri@tin.it
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guerriero
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giampetruzzi
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Gregorio
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amerio
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giampietruzzi
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography