title: Identification of a unique core domain of par-4 sufficient for selective apoptosis induction in cancer cells.
abstract: Recent studies indicated that the leucine zipper domain protein Par-4 induces apoptosis in certain cancer cells by activation of the Fas prodeath pathway and coparallel inhibition of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. However, the intracellular localization or functional domains of Par-4 involved in apoptosis remained unknown. In the present study, structure-function analysis indicated that inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and apoptosis is dependent on Par-4 translocation to the nucleus via a bipartite nuclear localization sequence, NLS2. Cancer cells that were resistant to Par-4-induced apoptosis retained Par-4 in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, a 59-amino-acid core that included NLS2 but not the C-terminal leucine zipper domain was necessary and sufficient to induce Fas pathway activation, inhibition of NF-kappaB activity, and apoptosis. Most important, this core domain had an expanded target range for induction of apoptosis, extending to previously resistant cancer cells but not to normal cells. These findings have identified a unique death-inducing domain selective for apoptosis induction in cancer cells (SAC domain) which holds promise for identifying key differences between cancer and normal cells and for molecular therapy of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Guendy
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurumurthy
authors.forename: Ravshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burikhanov
authors.forename: Vivek M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rangnekar
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; C101296:prostate apoptosis response-4 protein