title: Seasonal variation of fibrinogen in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A seasonal variation with higher values in winter has been previously reported in plasma fibrinogen, a recognized marker of the potential risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. The lack of nocturnal decline in blood pressure has also been associated with an increase in cardiovascular events. Accordingly, we have compared the yearly variation of plasma fibrinogen in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 1006 stage 1 to 2 hypertensive patients (482 men and 524 women, 53.0+/-13.4 years of age). Blood pressure was measured every 20 minutes during the day and every 30 minutes at night for 48 consecutive hours. Physical activity was simultaneously evaluated at 1-minute intervals with a wrist actigraph. A blood sample was collected on the same day before starting blood pressure monitoring. The circannual variation of fibrinogen was established for all patients as well as for subgroups of dippers and nondippers (n=513; nocturnal blood pressure decline <10%) by multiple-component analysis. For the whole group of patients, fibrinogen was characterized by a highly significant seasonal variation (P<0.001) with a mean value of 318 mg/dL, double circannual amplitude (extent of predictable change along the year) of 40 mg/dL, and time of peak value in February. Throughout the year, the nondippers showed higher plasma fibrinogen levels than did the dippers (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated plasma fibrinogen levels in nondipper patients appear to be directly related to their increased risk in vascular events, which are more prominent during the late winter months.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering and Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario, Vigo, Spain. rhermida@tsc.uvigo.es
authors.forename: Ramon C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hermida
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Artemio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mojón
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Covelo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen