title: High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent epidemiological data indicate that a history of increased exposure to sexually transmitted diseases is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family, is sexually transmitted in adults and can persistently infect prostatic epithelium in non-immunocompromised hosts. Based on increased awareness of the oncogenic potential of this virus, we decided to reexplore the issue of whether HCMV might be involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin embedded biopsy specimens from 22 randomly selected patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions and prostatic carcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to detect HCMV nucleic acids and determine whether HCMV gene products were specifically associated with neoplastic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected HCMV proteins and/or nucleic acids in all 22 of the 22 preneoplastic and neoplastic prostate lesions evaluated. HCMV proteins were specifically and often highly expressed in basal cell hyperplasia and PIN lesions, and to a lesser degree in carcinoma cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To our knowledge these data demonstrate for the first time the specific localization of HCMV nucleic acids and proteins in a high percent of PIN and prostate carcinoma lesions, and raise the possibility that HCMV might contribute to the natural history of prostatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Minu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.forename: Lualhati
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harkins
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klemm
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Britt
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cobbs
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000821:virology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins