title: The expression of gelatinase A (MMP-2) is required for normal development of zebrafish embryos.
abstract: Gelatinase A, also called matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), belongs to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. MMP-2 cleaves type IV collagen, denatured collagen (gelatin), and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. MMP-2 has been reported to be involved in a number of biological and pathological processes, but previous studies have not indicated that its expression is essential for early embryogenesis. In the current study, we have utilized zebrafish as a developmental model to study the role of MMP-2 during embryogenesis. We have successfully isolated a zebrafish MMP-2 (zMMP-2) homologue showing over 80% identity and over 90% similarity to its human counterpart. In situ analysis showed that zMMP-2 was expressed as early as the one-cell stage implying a maternal origin during oogenesis, and embryos continued to express zMMP-2 through at least the 72-h stage of development. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the in situ expression pattern and gelatin zymography indicated that a metalloproteinase with the same gel mobility as vertebrate MMP-2 was present in zebrafish embryos. Injection of zMMP-2 antisense morpholino oligonucleotides into 1- to 4-cell embryos resulted in a truncated axis, monitored through 72 h of development indicating that this metalloproteinase plays an important role in zebrafish embryogenesis. Monpholino-induced alterations in development began to be observed at 12 h of embryogenesis based on morphological and axis marker studies. The results obtained in zebrafish are in contrast to murine knockout studies that indicate that MMP-2 does not have a major role in mouse embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160-7400, USA.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sarras
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000201:enzymology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2