title: In vivo evaluation of pretargeted 64Cu for tumor imaging and therapy.
abstract: Pretargeting involves administration of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) covalently linked to a molecule having a high-affinity binding site for a rapidly distributed radiolabeled effector molecule. The aim of this study was to compare pretargeting to a conventionally labeled antibody for tumor targeting of the intermediate-lived radionuclide (64)Cu, which has shown promise for PET imaging and radioimmunotherapy of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  DOTA-biotin (where DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid) and the intact immunoconjugate DOTA-NR-LU-10 were labeled to high specific activities with (64)Cu, and the serum stabilities and target binding capabilities of each agent were assayed in vitro. Nude mice bearing SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma xenografts were administered (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin, with and without pretreatment with the mAb-streptavidin conjugate NR-LU-10/SA and the synthetic clearing agent Biotin-GalNAc(16), or injected with (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10. Biodistributions of both agents were obtained from 5 min to 48 h after injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin and (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10 were 100% stable in serum in vitro. (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin exhibited >98% specific binding to immobilized streptavidin, whereas the immunoreactivity of (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10 averaged nearly 80%. Biodistributions in SW1222-bearing mice showed that NR-LU-10/SA-pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin attained a peak tumor uptake of 18.9 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 1 h, with concomitant rapid disappearance from blood and renal excretion. In the absence of pretargeting, (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin had very similar biodistribution and clearance properties, except with extremely low nonspecific tumor uptake. In contrast, (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10 reached 80.3 %ID/g in tumor tissue, after 48 h, whereas blood clearance was considerably slower than pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin. Comparison of the time-activity curves for tumor uptake and blood clearance of pretargeted (64)Cu and the (64)Cu-labeled antibody revealed that the maximum tumor accumulations of radioactivity were similar for each agent, 17.9 percentage injected activity per gram (%IA/g) and 20.7 %IA/g, respectively. However, the tumor-to-blood ratio of areas under the curves was 14 times higher for pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin because of the substantial increase in blood clearance of the small effector molecule.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extremely rapid tumor uptake and blood clearance of pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin should afford markedly superior PET imaging contrast and therapeutic efficacy, compared with conventionally labeled (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10. Further comparison of the therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, and dosimetry of these 2 agents is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Road, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Mu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Axworthy
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Theodore
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fritzberg
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009928:Organ Specificity; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016719:Radioimmunodetection / Q000379:methods; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C477724:copper-64-DOTA-NR-LU-10; C477723:copper-64-DOTA-biotin; D001710:Biotin