title: Retransplantation in 7,290 primary transplant patients: a 10-year multi-institutional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac retransplantation is a controversial procedure due to the disparity between donor heart demand and supply.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 7,290 patients undergoing primary cardiac transplantation between January 1990 and December 1999 at 42 institutions contributing to the Cardiac Transplant Research Database (CTRD), 106 patients later underwent a second and 1 patient a third cardiac transplant procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actuarial freedom from retransplantation was 99.2% and 96.8% at 1 and 10 years, respectively. Reasons for retransplantation included early graft failure (n = 34), acute cardiac rejection (n = 15), coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV, n = 39), non-specific graft failure (n = 7), and miscellaneous (n = 10). The only risk factor associated with retransplantation was younger age, reflecting the policy of preferential retransplantation of younger patients. Survival after retransplantation was inferior to that after primary transplantation (56% and 38% at 1 and 5 years, respectively). Risk factors associated with death after retransplantation included retransplantation for acute rejection (p = 0.0005), retransplantation for early graft failure (p = 0.03), and use of a female donor (p = 0.005). Survival after retransplantation for acute rejection was poorest (32% and 8% at 1 and 5 years, respectively) followed by retransplantation for early graft failure (50% and 39% at 1 and 5 years, respectively). Survival after retransplantation for CAV has steadily improved with successive eras.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of retransplantation for acute rejection and early graft failure are poor enough to suggest that this option is not advisable. However, retransplantation for CAV is currently associated with satisfactory survival and should continue to be offered to selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Branislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Radovancevic
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: McGiffin
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kobashigawa
authors.forename: Guillermo B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cintron
authors.forename: G Martin
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Cindi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bourge
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Naftel
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure