title: Evaluation and treatment of fever in the non-neutropenic child with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the current approach to the evaluation and treatment of febrile non-neutropenic children with cancer by surveying American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (ASPHO) members.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred ninety-five ASPHO members were sent questionnaires polling their current practices in the evaluation and treatment of clinically stable, febrile (oral temperature of 38 degrees C x2, or >or=38.3 degrees C), non-neutropenic (absolute neutrophil count > 500/microL) pediatric cancer patients who have no identifiable bacterial infection. Patients were assigned to one of four groups based on the presence or absence of a central venous catheter (CVC) and no source (NS) or presumed viral source (VS) for fever.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred sixteen ASPHO members (53%) responded and 300 questionnaires were evaluable. If a CVC was present, respondents universally drew blood cultures (99% NS, 96% VS) from the CVC, but only one third drew peripheral blood cultures (33% NS, 29% VS). If a CVC was not present, the majority of respondents (80% NS, 61% VS) drew peripheral cultures. ASPHO members started empiric antibiotics more frequently in patients with a CVC (69% NS, 55% VS) than in patients without a CVC (33% NS, 23% VS). Most did not admit these patients to the hospital (40% CVC and NS, 33% CVC and VS, 22% no CVC and NS, 19% no CVC and VS). ASPHO members with more years of experience were more likely to obtain peripheral blood cultures if a CVC was present and to admit a patient without a CVC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly all respondents obtained a blood culture from the CVC in the initial assessment of the febrile, non-neutropenic patient with a CVC, but other evaluation and management practices varied considerably.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. wanda.salzer@keesler.af.mil
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Salzer
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Liewehr
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freifeld
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Balis
authors.forename: Brigitte C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Widemann
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010372:Pediatrics; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents