title: Cognitive consequences of early phase of literacy.
abstract: The effect of the degree of illiteracy (complete or incomplete) on phonological skills, verbal and visual memory and visuospatial skills is examined in 97 normal Brazilian adults who considered themselves illiterate, and 41 Brazilian school children aged 7 to 8 years, either nonreaders or beginning readers. Similar literacy effects were observed in children and in adults. Tasks involving phonological awareness and visual recognition memory of nonsense figures distinguish the best nonreaders and beginning readers. Children performed better than adults at oral repetition of short items and figure recall, and adults better than children at semantic verbal fluency, digit span, and word list recall. A principal component analysis of the correlations between tasks showed that phonological awareness/reading, phonological memory/oral repetition, and semantic verbal memory/fluency tasks, generated different components. The respective role of culturally based preschool activities and literacy on the cognitive functions that are explored in this study is discussed.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U.472, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IFR 69, Villejuif, France. dellatolas@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dellatolas
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Willadino Braga
authors.forename: Ligia do Nascimento
authors.initials: Ldo N
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Gilberto Nunes
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deloche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011932:Reading; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology