title: Superinfecting microorganisms in patients under treatment with cyclosporin-A and its correlation to gingival overgrowth.
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of superinfecting microorganisms (Gram-negative enteric rods and Candida sp.) in heart transplant patients and correlate this with gingival overgrowth. Thirty patients (10 females, 20 males--mean age 45 years) were examined. All were under cyclosporin-A (CsA) therapy. Patients who had taken any antibiotics 3 months prior the study or had been submitted to periodontal therapy were not enrolled. Patients were required to have at least 6 teeth. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. Microbiological samples were taken from sulcus/pocket (s/p) and from stimulated saliva (ss) and submitted to analysis. Patients were divided into two groups: the ones with gingival overgrowth (GO) and those without gingival overgrowth (WGO). After statistical analysis (chi-square test, Student's t-test, Fisher test, p < or = 0.05), we concluded that there was no statistical difference between groups in the parameters of gender, CsA dosage, time since transplantation, PI, GI, PD and CAL. Gram-negative rods from either the sulcus/pocket or saliva samples were not found. Candida sp. was detected (s/p-30% and ss-30%). Stimulated saliva samples analysis determined that the presence of Candida sp. was associated with patients without gingival overgrowth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Alexandre
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Romito
authors.forename: Roberto Fraga
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lotufo
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.forename: Alessandro Nautili
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Pustiglioni
authors.forename: Francisco Emílio
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Pustiglioni
authors.forename: Noedir Antônio
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stolf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology; D005885:Gingival Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000382:microbiology; D005888:Gingival Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine