title: RGD-containing peptides activate S6K1 through beta3 integrin in adult cardiac muscle cells.
abstract: The enzyme p70S6 kinase (S6K1) is critical for cell growth, and we have reported its activation during cardiac hypertrophy. Because cardiac hypertrophy also involves integrin activation, we analyzed whether integrins could contribute to S6K1 activation. Using adult feline cardiomyocytes, here we report that integrin-interacting Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides activate S6K1 as observed by band shifting, kinase activity and phosphorylation at Thr-389 and Thr-421/Ser-424 of S6K1, and S6 protein phosphorylation. Perturbation of specific integrin function with blocking antibodies and by overexpressing the beta1A cytoplasmic tail revealed that beta3 but not beta1 integrin mediates the RGD-induced S6K1 activation. This activation is focal adhesion complex-independent and is accompanied by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Studies using specific inhibitors and dominant negative c-Raf expression in cardiomyocytes indicate that the S6K1 activation involves mTOR, MEK/ERK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways and is independent of protein kinase C and c-Raf. Finally, addition of fluorescent-labeled RGD peptide to cardiomyocytes exhibits its internalization and localization to the endocytic vesicles, and pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with endocytic inhibitors reduced the S6K1 activation. These data suggest that RGD interaction with beta3 integrin and its subsequent endocytosis trigger specific signaling pathway(s) for S6K1 activation in cardiomyocytes and that this process may contribute to hypertrophic growth and remodeling of myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29425-2221, USA.
authors.forename: Sundaravadivel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Dhandapani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuppuswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology; D002415:Cats; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004705:Endocytosis; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000502:physiology; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D039661:Integrin beta3; D009842:Oligopeptides; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa