title: Efficacy of local nasal immunotherapy for Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice: Using Dp2 peptide and fungal immunomodulatory peptide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) is an effective immunotherapy. Peptides derived from the group 2 allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dp2 28-40 and Dp2 28-40A, and fungal immunomodulatory peptide (FIP) have been shown to act as T(H)1 potential and response-inducing adjuvant. LNIT by the use of Dp2 peptides in conjunction with FIP were investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether Dp2-induced airway inflammation in mice could be downregulated by Dp2 peptides or a mixture of Dp2 peptides with FIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were sensitized with rDp2 followed by LNIT with Dp2 peptides, FIP, or FIP and a mixture of Dp2 peptides. After intratracheal challenge with rDp2, the airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness were determined by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis and methacholine challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Dp2 peptides and FIP were able to inhibit rDp2-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. An increase in IFN-gamma and a decrease in IL-5 in BALF and sera were found after LNIT with Dp2 peptides, FIP, and mixtures of both. Serum levels of TGF-beta were reduced after LNIT with FIP and Dp2 28-40. Penh values were significantly decreased after methacholine challenge in both the early and late phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNIT with allergen-derived peptides and FIP can produce an anti-inflammatory effect on allergen-induced airway inflammation. LNIT with selected peptides and FIP might be a good alternative therapy for allergic airway disease.
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy and Immunology, Cathay General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsia
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mei-Chen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Yih-Loong
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jaw-Ji
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D037102:Lectins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C451163:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 2; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D037102:Lectins; D010446:Peptide Fragments