title: alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone induces cell death in mast cells: involvement of NF-kappaB.
abstract: Mast cells play a major role in the initiation of inflammation and allergic reactions. As cell numbers are tightly controlled by the interplay of factors affecting cell proliferation, development, and death the regulation of mast cell number may be important. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits most forms of inflammation by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we have found that the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) inhibited endotoxin-mediated nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in different cells correlated with the expression of alpha-MSH receptors. We have also found for the first time that it induces cell death alone or in endotoxin-stimulated mast cells. alpha-MSH-mediated apoptosis was not observed in NF-kappaB overexpressed cells. The inhibitory effect of alpha-MSH was mediated through generation of cAMP, as inhibitors of adenylate cyclase and of protein kinase A reversed its inhibitory effect. Overall, our results suggest that NF-kappaB is the key molecule involved in alpha-MSH-mediated cell death and this may help to regulate mast cell-mediated inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500 076, India.
authors.forename: Abira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Yashin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sreenivasan
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Manna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone; D000521:alpha-MSH; C029446:MSH receptor; D000242:Cyclic AMP