title: Donor lymphocyte infusion-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effects in mixed chimeras established with a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen: extinction of graft-versus-leukemia effects after conversion to full donor chimerism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated an approach to separating graft-versus-lymphoma (GVL) effects from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice receiving a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen allowing establishment of mixed hematopoietic chimerism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the ability of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) to mediate GVL effects without GVHD in mixed chimeras prepared with cyclophosphamide, anti-T-cell antibodies, and thymic irradiation. To examine the fate of GVH-reactive donor CD8+ T cells, we used the 2C T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse strain, which carries an Ld-specific transgenic TCR on the B6 background.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of DLI on day 35 post-BMT led to conversion from mixed to full donor chimerism and mediated a powerful GVL effect with complete protection (100% survival) against mortality induced by a host-type lymphoma (EL4) administered 7 days later (100% mortality in non-DLI controls; P<0.001). No GVHD occurred in DLI recipients. Rechallenging the surviving DLI recipients, which had converted to full chimerism, with the same tumor dose 17 weeks later led to rapid tumor mortality. Long-term DLI recipients had anti-host proliferative responses, but not CTL responses in vitro. When given as DLI together with wild-type spleen cells, marked expansion of GVH-reactive 2C CD8+ T cells was observed on day 10, followed by a marked decline in their numbers by week 10 post-DLI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonmyeloablative induction of mixed chimerism followed by administration of DLI can mediate powerful GVL effects. The late loss of DLI-mediated GVL effects may reflect the eventual loss of donor-derived GVH-reactive CTL, which occurs in association with conversion to full donor chimerism.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Bone Marrow Transplantation Section, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Markus Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mapara
authors.forename: Yong-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sykes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D020544:Graft vs Leukemia Effect / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018183:Transplantation Chimera / Q000276:immunology*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide