Electrode systems for measuring cardiac impedances using optical transmembrane potential sensors and interstitial electrodes--theoretical design.
The cardiac electrical substrate is a challenge to direct measurement of its properties. Optical technology together with the capability to fabricate small electrodes at close spacings opens new possibilities. Here, those possibilities are explored from a theoretical viewpoint. It appears that with careful measurements from a well-designed set of electrodes one can obtain structural conductivities, separating intracellular from interstitial values, and longitudinal from transverse. Resting membrane resistance also can be obtained.
Barr
Roger C
RC
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, 136 Hudson Engineering Bldg., Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA. roger.barr@duke.edu
Plonsey
Robert
R
D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000502:physiology; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity