title: Assessing the zearalenone-binding activity of adsorbent materials during passage through a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model.
abstract: A novel approach is presented herein to study the intestinal absorption of mycotoxins by using a laboratory model that mimics the metabolic processes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of healthy pigs. This model was used to evaluate the small-intestinal absorption of zearalenone from contaminated wheat (4.1 mg/kg) and the effectiveness of activated carbon and cholestyramine at four inclusion levels (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2%) in reducing toxin absorption. Approximately 32% of ZEA intake (247 microg) was released from the food matrix during 6 h of digestion and was rapidly absorbed at intestinal level. A significant reduction of intestinal absorption of ZEA was found after inclusion of activated carbon or cholestyramine, even at the lowest dose of adsorbents, with a more pronounced effect exhibited by activated carbon. In particular, when 2% of activated carbon or cholestyramine was added to the meal the ZEA intestinal absorption was lowered from 32% of ZEA intake to 5 and 16%, respectively. The sequestering effect of both adsorbents took place already during the first 2 h of digestion and persisted during the rest of the experiment. The GI-model is a rapid and physiologically relevant method to test the efficacy of adsorbent materials in binding mycotoxins and can be used to pre-screen mycotoxin/adsorbent combinations as an alternative to animal experiments.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, I-70125 Bari, Italy. giuseppina.avantaggiato@ispa.cnr.it
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avantaggiato
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havenaar
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visconti
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D002606:Charcoal; D002792:Cholestyramine Resin / Q000737:chemistry; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005506:Food Contamination; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D002792:Cholestyramine Resin; D002606:Charcoal; D015025:Zearalenone