title: [Repairing large alar defects by using a retro-grade auricular flap].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a retro-grade auricular flap for repairing large alar defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine adult cadavers were anatomically used for vascular investigation of the frontal, nasal and temporal regions by injecting a dye into the main vessels. Based on the anatomical study in these regions, a retro-grade auricular flap was designed for repairing alar defects in 16 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood supply of the auricle could be nourished by the inner carotid artery system from the supratrachlear artery and supraorbital artery through the frontal arterial anastomotical network into the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery. It is then passing the main trunk of the superficial temporal artery into the ear area through the auricular branches of the superficial temporal artery. The retro-grade auricular island flap could be formed by basing the supratrachlear artery and the supraorbital artery through the vascular network between the superficial temporal artery and the supratrachlear artery or the supraorbital artery. Sixteen patients with large alar defects and half-sized nasal defects were successfully repaired by this technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retro-grade auricular island flap, based on the inner carotid artery system, could be a good and safe flap for repairing a large alar defect or half-sized nasal reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing 100041, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Zong-ji
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chuan-de
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Nian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yun-chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Lian-zao
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries; D002102:Cadaver; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D013699:Temporal Arteries