title: [Auditory brainstem responses evoked by direct mechanical stimulation of the ossicular chain. Objective preoperative testing of candidates for implantable hearing aids].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The function of several implantable hearing systems is based on the vibratory excitation of the ossicular chain. For preoperative testing, malleus vibration audiometry has been described [7]. In special cases, it could be desirable to perform objective testing before implantation. We therefore studied the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) evoked by vibratory stimulation of the ear drum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ABR evoked by vibratory and acoustical click stimulation were recorded in 20 subjects with normal hearing at four different stimulus intensities. For the vibratory stimulation (v-ABR), the transducer rod was brought into mechanical contact with the eardrum under microscopic control. This setup was further used for the determination of the individual subjective threshold. The v-ABR were compared to conventional ABR recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all subjects, the v-ABR could clearly be identified. At high stimulus levels, the complete wave pattern was observed in 15 of 20 cases. There is no essential difference between v-ABR and conventional ABR with respect to the incidence and parameters of the potentials. At high stimulus levels, a pronounced stimulus artefact impedes the identification of wave I in some cases. Moreover, the quality of v-ABR is limited by the uncomfortable situation and incomplete relaxation of the subject.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement of vibratory evoked ABR is practicable without hazards for the patient and it yields reliable results. The hearing threshold for click stimuli can be determined from the incidence and amplitude of the responses. The loudness associated with the click stimuli can be estimated from the response latency. Therefore, the investigation of v-ABR not only gives evidence of the individual suitability for implantable hearing aids but its outcome may also be useful as an orientation for the postoperative fitting.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Heidelberg. sebastian_hoth@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lohaus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waldmann
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001300:Audiometry, Evoked Response / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008307:Malleus / Q000503:physiopathology; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D014159:Transducers; D014732:Vibration