title: Effects of a triphasic combination oral contraceptive containing norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in young women with osteopenia secondary to hypothalamic amenorrhea.
abstract: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of 45 patients evaluated the short-term effects of an oral contraceptive [Ortho Tri-Cyclen, 180-250 micro g of norgestimate (NGM) and 35 microg of ethinyl estradiol (EE)] on biochemical markers of bone resorption, formation, and osteoprotegerin in young women (mean age +/- SD, 26.5 +/- 6.3 yr) with hypothalamic amenorrhea and osteopenia. Body fat, endocrine, and cognitive function were evaluated as secondary endpoints. Biomarkers of bone metabolism were measured at baseline and after three cycles of NGM/EE or placebo. There were significant decreases in mean values of N-telopeptide [mean (SD), -13.4 (13.4) vs. 1.2 (23.8) nmol bone collagen equivalents (BCE)/mmol creatinine (Cr); P = 0.001] and deoxypyridinoline [-1.2 (2.9) vs. -0.5 (1.5) nmol deoxypyridinoline/mmol Cr; P = 0.021] as well as significant decreases in bone specific alkaline phosphatase [-5.1 (3.5) vs. 0.4 (3.1) ng/ml; P < 0.001], osteocalcin [-5.9 (3.6) vs. -2.9 (3.7); P = 0.016], and procollagen of type I propeptide [-35.2 (44.6) vs. -0.2 (30.0) ng/ml; P = 0.025], but not osteoprotegerin [0.39 (1.46) vs. -0.2 (0.49) pmol/liter; P = 0.397] in the NGM/EE vs. placebo group. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to changes in cognitive function, mood, body weight, body mass index, body fat, percentage of body fat, and all endocrine levels except FSH, [-3.7 (3.8) vs. -0.6 (2.1) IU/liter; P < 0.001, NGM/EE vs. placebo]. No serious adverse events were reported in either group. These results suggest that NGM/EE decreases bone turnover in osteopenic premenopausal women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Further studies are needed to determine whether estrogen will increase bone density in this population.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2696, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Grinspoon
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lippman
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; C017576:norgestimate