title: [Management of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Outcome apropos of 326 cases treated with high-dose pentamidine isethionate].
abstract: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the outcome of pentamidine isethionate treatment (4 mg/kg of Pentamidine by the intramuscular route on Days 1 and 3) of cutaneous leishmaniasis in 326 cases that occurred during an outbreak among French military personnel in French Guyana from 1998 to 1999. A great difference was found between the 205 patients treated in French Guyana (series G) and 32 patients treated at the Laveran Military Hospital in Marseille, France (series L). Failure rate, i.e. 25% in series L versus 5% in series G, was significantly correlated with the delay to treatment which was much longer in series L. Extensive rhabdomyolysis was observed in all cases tested: this side-effect has not been reported. Based on these findings and a review of the literature on pentamidine isethionate, the authors recommend prompt treatment using lower doses. Other treatment alternatives for American cutaneous leishmaniasis are also presented including two of the latest developments in the field, i.e., oral treatment using miltefosine and topical treatment using agents such as paromomycine.
authors.affiliation: Service de Dermatologie, HIA Laveran, 13998 Marseille-Armées, France. ed.light@free.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lightburn
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meynard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaudier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pages
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garnotel
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Patte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banzet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dampierre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morillon
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boutin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hovette
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chouc
mesh_terms: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005602:France / Q000208:ethnology; D005616:French Guiana; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008889:Military Personnel; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010419:Pentamidine