title: [Early evaluation using PET-FDG of the efficiency of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy treatment in locally advanced neoplasia of the lower rectum].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preoperative chemoradiation allows downstaging of locally advanced rectal cancer and in selected patients also a sufficient downsizing to ensure sphincter preservation. Selection of patients warranting a preoperative approach is improved by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is able to define the involvement of mesorectal circumferential margin. Similarly it would be crucial to define the response to chemoradiation during the treatment but traditional morphologic imaging techniques may fail in differentiating neoplastic tissue from scarring. PET-FDG has been successfully used in the detection of metastatic colorectal cancer allowing imaging of deposits as small as 0.5 cm and may have a role in evaluating early response to chemoradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, in patients with T3-T4 rectal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiation PET-FDG and flow cytometry analysis on endoscopic biopsy specimen have been performed before, during and after preoperative chemoradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemoradiation treatment has been successful in terms of downsizing and downstaging of the tumor. PET-FDG was able to demonstrate local response at only ten-fifteen days after the beginning of neoadjuvant therapy, also identifying non responding patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET may have a role in defining the response to chemoradiation and modulate the treatments strategy in patients with advanced rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Oncologia Chirurgica C, INT Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delrio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lastoria
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avallone
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cremona
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palaia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruffolo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Puppio
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guidetti
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cascini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casaretti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tatangelo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marone
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budillon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrillo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comella
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morrica
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tempesta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Botti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parisi
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D012074:Remission Induction; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D011799:Quinazolines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013876:Thiophenes; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C068874:raltitrexed; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil