title: Mandibular bone remodeling under a choline-deficient diet: a histomorphometric study in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A deficiency of lipotropic factors in the rat induces renal, hepatic, and/or hematic damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a choline-deficient diet and refeeding on mandibular bone remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1 (G1): control diet for 15 days; group 2 (G2): choline-deficient diet for 15 days; group 3 (G3): control diet for 30 days; group 4 (G4): choline-deficient diet for 30 days; and group 5 (G5): choline-deficient diet for 15 days and control diet for 15 days. All animals were sacrificed by ether overdose. The mandibles were resected, radiographed, decalcified, processed, and embedded in paraffin. Bucco-lingually oriented sections were obtained at the level of the interradicular bone of the medial roots of the left first molar, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Bone tissue density and bone remodeling were determined histomorphometrically. Body weight, food intake, hematocrit, and hemoglobinemia were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microscopic observation revealed that osteogenesis was lower in rats fed a choline-deficient diet, at both 15 and 30 days, and that this decrease did not revert with a control diet. Histomorphometric evaluation showed 37% and 27% reduction in bone tissue density at 15 and 30 days, respectively, and a 30% decrease in bone formation at 30 days, compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this experimental model, a choline-deficient diet led to altered bone remodeling as observed by a marked reduction in osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. alegorustov@ciudad.com.ar
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gorustovich
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Espósito
authors.forename: María B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Guglielmotti
authors.forename: Máximo J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Giglio
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002794:Choline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004032:Diet; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008082:Lipotropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D008082:Lipotropic Agents; D002794:Choline