title: Lateral upper arm free flap for primary reconstruction of pharyngeal defects in ablative oncological surgery. Report of six consecutive cases.
abstract: Free microvascular flaps are an established method for soft tissue reconstruction following ablative oncological surgery in the head and neck. Functional reconstructions of the hypopharynx and the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) are of particular relevance, as they are highly demanding surgical procedures. So far, the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) and the free jejunal transfer have been the transplants predominantly used for this purpose. The lateral upper arm free flap (LUFF) presents an alternative method for the fasciocutaneous tissue transfer. We report on our experience with the LUFF in a 56-year-old male patient with a pT3pN0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. A pharyngocutaneous fistula developed 5 days after pharyngolaryngectomy with bilateral neck dissection. The fistula was localized between the pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the esophagus and was closed with an LUFF from the left arm. Excellent flap adaptation to the remaining pharyngeal mucosa was observed. Although the length of the vascular pedicle and the diameter of the vessels in the LUFF are smaller than those in the RFFF, neither pedicle length nor vessel diameter proved to be a problem. The LUFF can be recommended as a well-vascularized, relatively safe and reliable flap for reconstruction of tubular structures such as the hypopharynx and the PES after tumor ablation and as an alternative to the RFFF. The flexibility of the LUFF allows surgeons to reconstruct the anatomy of the lost soft tissues as adequately as possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.forename: Gerd Jürgen
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ridder
authors.forename: Carsten Christof
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Boedeker
authors.forename: Milo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fradis
authors.forename: Avishay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golz
authors.forename: Nils-Claudius
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gellrich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010611:Pharyngectomy; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps