title: Analysis of environmental Escherichia coli isolates for virulence genes using the TaqMan PCR system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the presence of virulence genes in environmental and foodborne Escherichia coli isolates using the TaqMan PCR system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three TaqMan pathogen detection kits called O157:H7, StxI and StxII were used to investigate the presence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolates. All 54 foodborne E. coli O157:H7 isolates showed expected results using these kits. Ninety (15%) of 604 environmental isolates gave positive amplification with an O157:H7-specific kit. TaqMan PCR amplification products from these 90 isolates were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and 90% (81 of 90) of the environmental samples contained the expected PCR product. Sixty-six of these 90 were chosen for serotyping tests and only 35% (23 of 66) showed agglutination with both anti-O157 and anti-H7 antibodies. Further ribotyping of 16 sero-positive isolates in an automated Riboprinter did not identify these to be O157:H7. Multiplex PCR with primers for eaeA, stxI and stxII genes was used to confirm the TaqMan results in 10 selected environmental isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three TaqMan pathogen detection kits were useful for virulence gene analysis of prescreened foodborne O157:H7 isolates, while the O157:H7-specific kit may not be suitable for virulence gene analysis of environmental E. coli isolates, because of high false positive identification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to rapidly identify the presence of pathogenic E. coli in food or environmental samples is essential to avert outbreaks. These results are of importance to microbiologists seeking to use TaqMan PCR to rapidly identify pathogenic E. coli in environmental samples. Furthermore, serotyping may not be a reliable method for identification of O157:H7 strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nakatsu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turco
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Weagant
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhunia
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D021521:Ribotyping / Q000379:methods; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic