title: Ultrasound imaging of the canine tympanic bulla.
abstract: A procedure for imaging the canine tympanic bulla, external ear canal and adjacent structures using currently available ultrasound equipment was established. Lateral and ventral transducer positions were identified for this purpose and a 6.5 MHz curvilinear transducer was considered to be optimal. The sonographic appearance of these structures in cadavers and live dogs unaffected by ear disease is documented. Fluid was introduced into the tympanic bullae of the cadavers and its presence could be identified through the bony wall of the bulla. The ability of ultrasound to differentiate between gas and fluid within the bulla has important clinical implications as this is a common occurrence in dogs with middle ear disease. Ultrasound has several advantages over other imaging modalities and the examination procedure was well tolerated by unsedated dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK. a.dickie@vet.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dickie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doust
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cromarty
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*