title: FXR and ABCG5/ABCG8 as determinants of cholesterol gallstone formation from quantitative trait locus mapping in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholesterol gallstone formation is a complex genetic trait. To identify additional cholesterol gallstone susceptibility loci, we performed a quantitative trait locus analysis using an intercross of PERA/Ei and I/LnJ inbred strains of mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice of both sexes were examined for gallstone weight and evaluated according to a scoring system for the physical chemistry of cholelithiasis during feeding of a lithogenic diet. Intercross offspring were genotyped, and linkage analysis was performed by interval mapping. Differences in messenger RNA expression of positional candidate genes were determined using reverse-transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified significant loci associated with gallstone weight on chromosomes 10 and 4, named Lith7 and Lith8, respectively (both susceptibility alleles conferred by strain I/LnJ). Positional candidate genes with higher expression in I/LnJ mice are Fxr (official symbol, Nr1h4), encoding the nuclear bile salt receptor, on chromosome 10 and Shp1 (official symbol, Nr0b2), encoding the small heterodimer partner 1, on chromosome 4. A significant locus associated with gallstone score on chromosome 17, named Lith9 (susceptibility allele conferred by strain PERA/Ei), colocalizes with the genes Abcg5 and Abcg8 that encode the canalicular cholesterol transporter. Higher hepatic messenger RNA expression of Abcg5 and Abcg8 in strain PERA/Ei correlates positively with higher biliary cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest a primary role of the nuclear bile salt receptor FXR and the canalicular cholesterol transporter ABCG5/ABCG8 in the genetic susceptibility and pathogenesis of cholesterol cholelithiasis in these strains of inbred mice.
authors.affiliation: The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wittenburg
authors.forename: Malcolm A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Renhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Churchill
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paigen
mesh_terms: D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D002784:Cholesterol; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C462600:ABCG5 protein, mouse; C462601:ABCG8 protein, mouse