title: Variation of the genome size estimate with environmental conditions in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genome size is known to exhibit interspecies differences, but also to vary between populations within a given species and even between individual cells within an organism. Major differences have often been reported and attributed to differences in measurement conditions, in internal controls of genome size, and in the stains used. Flow cytometry using intercalating dyes is the most attractive method for measuring genome size.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated relative genome size of nuclei from heads of Drosophila melanogaster adult males using a FACScalibur flow cytometer and propidium iodide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have shown that the genome size estimates depended on the temperature and humidity of the rearing medium and decreased with age in adult flies. There were large differences in genome size estimates between the vials in which the flies were maintained, but only slight variations within the vials, supporting the idea that the size estimate depends on the fly rearing conditions. Changes in the temperature of the solution of head nuclei analyzed by the cytometer also influenced the genome size estimate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings clearly show that the environmental conditions under which the flies were reared influence the genome size estimate, perhaps as a result of a change in the accessibility of the DNA to the fluorochrome. Caution is therefore called for when estimating genome size. Experimental artifact rather than adaptation may account for some of the correlations between genome size and environmental conditions reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nardon
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biémont
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002469:Cell Separation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016678:Genome; D008297:Male; D011419:Propidium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D011419:Propidium; D004247:DNA