title: A review of evidence-based traffic engineering measures designed to reduce pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes.
abstract: We provide a brief critical review and assessment of engineering modifications to the built environment that can reduce the risk of pedestrian injuries. In our review, we used the Transportation Research Information Services database to conduct a search for studies on engineering countermeasures documented in the scientific literature. We classified countermeasures into 3 categories-speed control, separation of pedestrians from vehicles, and measures that increase the visibility and conspicuity of pedestrians. We determined the measures and settings with the greatest potential for crash prevention. Our review, which emphasized inclusion of studies with adequate methodological designs, showed that modification of the built environment can substantially reduce the risk of pedestrian-vehicle crashes.
authors.affiliation: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 N. Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201, USA. rretting@iihs.org
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Retting
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Anne T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McCartt
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology; D002958:City Planning / Q000379:methods*; D004738:Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D004779:Environment Design; D006801:Humans; D012449:Safety; D013995:Time; D014796:Visual Perception; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries / Q000523:psychology