title: Teratogenic and anti-metamorphic effects of bisphenol A on embryonic and larval Xenopus laevis.
abstract: Effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on embryonic and larval development were investigated. In Xenopus laevis blastulae treated with 2.5-3.0 x 10(-5) M BPA or with 10(-5) M 17beta estradiol (E2), malformation of the head region, scoliosis (curved vertebrate), and suppression of organogenesis were observed. In addition, 10(-5)-10(-4) M BPA blocked tri-iodothyronine (T3)-inducible resorption of the tail segments from premetamorphic (stage 52-54) larvae in vitro. When stage 52 tadpoles were immersed in 1.0-2.5 x 10(-5) M BPA, deceleration of both spontaneous and thyroxin (T4)-induced metamorphic changes occurred. Furthermore, BPA suppressed thyroid hormone receptor (TR) beta gene expression both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, we concluded that BPA at the concentrations examined affects both embryonic development and larval metamorphosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan. iwamuro@bio.sci.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shawichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwamuro
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Chizuko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurobe
authors.forename: Tomokuni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shigeura
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects*; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037042:Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D013723:Teratogens; D037042:Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta; D014284:Triiodothyronine; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds