title: Interleukin-4 directly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophages.
abstract: Recently it has been found that osteoclast differentiation is induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Interleukin (IL)-4 was reported to suppress osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. However, no study has investigated the effect of IL-4 on TNF-alpha-induced osteoclast formation. In this study, we investigated whether IL-4 inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM). First, IL-4 suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Next, when BMM were cultured with TNF-alpha, osteoclast-like cells were formed. When they were cultured with both TNF-alpha and IL-4, osteoclast formation and bone resorption was suppressed by IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner. It has been recently found that TNF-alpha and RANKL synergistically promote osteoclastogenesis. Finally, we investigated whether IL-4 had the ability to inhibit synergistic TNF-alpha and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, with the result that it effectively inhibited the synergistic osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that IL-4 can strongly inhibit osteoclast formation that is related to both physiological bone resorption induced by RANKL and pathological bone resorption induced by TNF-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontic and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitaura
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotokezaka
authors.forename: Mutsuhito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatamiya
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase