title: Viruses and Toll-like receptors.
abstract: Recently a number of viruses, including a poxvirus, herpesvirus, retrovirus and two paramyxoviruses, have been shown to activate cells via Toll-like receptor family members. Here we postulate that although activation via Toll-like receptor molecules can lead to anti-viral innate immune responses, in some cases viruses may use these responses to ameliorate infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology/Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 313 BRBII/III, 421, Curie Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19104-6142, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rassa
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D017053:Infection Control; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors