Overweight and obese anovulatory patients with polycystic ovaries: parallel improvements in anthropometric indices, ovarian physiology and fertility rate induced by diet.
BACKGROUND
This prospective study evaluated the effect of weight reduction on anthropometric indices and ovarian morphology in anovulatory overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).


METHODS
Thirty-three anovulatory overweight patients with PCOS were enrolled in the study. All had patent Fallopian tubes and chronic anovulation: 27 of them were oligo-amenorrhoeic. The partners were normospermic. Patients were prescribed a 1200 kcal/day diet, and physical exercise was recommended. Anthropometric indices and ovarian imaging parameters were assessed at baseline and after weight loss of 5 and 10%.


RESULTS
Twenty-five patients (76%) lost at least 5% of their body weight. Eleven of these patients (33%) reached a 10% decrease in weight. Waist circumference at the umbilical level, hip circumference, four skin folds, body mass index and fatty mass ratio were significantly reduced after 5 and 10% weight loss. Ovarian morphology changed during the diet: we observed a significant reduction in ovarian volume and in the number of microfollicles per ovary. Among the 27 patients with oligo-amenorrhoea, 18 had a resumption of regular cycles and 15 experienced spontaneous ovulation; 10 spontaneous pregnancies occurred in patients who lost at least 5% of their weight.


CONCLUSIONS
Weight loss through a controlled low-calorie diet improves anthropometric indices in obese PCOS patients, reduces ovarian volume and microfollicle number and can restore ovulatory cycles, allowing spontaneous pregnancy.
Crosignani
Pier Giorgio
PG
Infertility Unit of the First Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy. piergiorgio.crosignani@unimi.it
Colombo
Michela
M
Vegetti
Walter
W
Somigliana
Edgardo
E
Gessati
Alessio
A
Ragni
Guido
G
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D000858:Anovulation / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014463:Ultrasonography