title: [The impact of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) on osseointegration, degradation and biomechanical properties of a synthetic bone substitute].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was the purpose of this investigation to test the osteointegrative capacity and the degradation rate of a neutralized glass ceramic within an animal model after loading with different growth factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The glass ceramic GB9N was implanted in the medial tibial head of mature merino sheep (n = 48) after being loaded with either Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2, 100 micro g/100 micro l), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF, 100 micro g/100 micro l), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (b-FGF, 60 micro g/100 micro l) or unloaded. At 4 weeks (n = 24) and 9 months (n = 24) after operation histomorphological, histomorphometrical and biomechanical investigations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of newly formed bone was different within the study groups after 4 weeks. BMP-2 induced a significant increase in bone formation and a significant decrease of residual substitute. b-FGF and VEGF induced no such effects in comparison to the controls. Biomechanical investigations could only demonstrate slight increases of the maximal fracture load in the BMP-2 group after 4 weeks in comparison to the others. At 9 months after operation no differences concerning newly formed bone could be found in the study groups comparing to the controls. Only the amount of residual substitute was still significantly lower in the BMP-2 group. Biomechanical data could demonstrate maximal fracture loads of all study samples achieving the level of the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation has demonstrated that by combining synthetic bone substitutes with growth factors certain parameters of the bone remodelling process can intitially be influenced in a positive way.
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Abteilung, Städtisches Krankenhaus Sindelfingen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mayr-Wohlfart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ignatius
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Puhl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Günther
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D019245:Compressive Strength; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D012756:Sheep; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2