title: Alpha tonoplast intrinsic protein is specifically associated with vacuole membrane involved in an autophagic process.
abstract: Autophagy in plant cells is induced by nutrient starvation. Initially, double membrane-bound organelles, termed autophagosomes, enclose a portion of cytoplasm, and then fuse with a vacuole or lysosome to give an autolysosome. Autolysosomes can be visualized by incubating cells in the presence of a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. The inhibitor presumably decreases proteolytic degradation of the autolysosome contents that are composed of portions of cytoplasm enclosed by the membrane originating from the inner membrane of autophagosomes, and allows them to accumulate. The origin of membranes that give rise to autophagosomes and autolysosomes is unknown. Here we use an acidotropic fluorescent dye, LysoTracker Red, to label autolysosomes specifically. We demonstrate that autolysosome membranes are marked by the presence of alpha-tonoplast intrinsic protein (alpha-TIP) but not by gamma-TIP or delta-TIP. The identification of a TIP specifically associated with membranes derived from an autophagic process may help our understanding of how plant cells generate and maintain functionally distinct types of vacuoles.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriyasu
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Guang-Yuh
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Jauh
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000502:physiology*; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C077491:tonoplast intrinsic protein, plant; D007930:Leucine; C108192:aloxistatin