title: Season of birth and inflammatory response system in schizophrenia.
abstract: Infective agents (e.g., viruses) together with functional alterations of the immune system have been hypothesized to be implicated in the multifactorial pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The viral hypothesis of schizophrenia has been supported by the observation of birth peaks in winter seasons, prenatal exposure to virus epidemics and specific geographic patterns. On the other hand, not all the data published have shown consistent results supporting the immune hypothesis. Thus, it is likely that immune response factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease only in specific subgroups of patients. The aim of the study was to investigate for the presence of differences of IL-6, IL-6R, gp130 and CC16 among four groups of chronic schizophrenic patients categorized according to the season of birth. We hypothesized that patients born in winter and spring would have had increased values of these cytokines. No significant differences were found among the four groups in any of the measures considered. These preliminary results appear to exclude a major role of the season of birth in determining reported interleukins system alterations in chronic schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Luigi Sacco, Via G. B. Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy. c.altamura@hsacco.it
authors.forename: A Carlo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Altamura
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bassetti
authors.forename: Luisella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bocchio
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mundo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D058966:Contactins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D036801:Parturition / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D012621:Seasons; D014598:Uteroglobin
chemical_list: D058966:Contactins; D007378:Interleukins; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D011506:Proteins; C556389:SCGB1A1 protein, human; D014598:Uteroglobin