title: The maintenance of the permeability barrier of bladder facet cells requires a continuous fusion of discoid vesicles with the apical plasma membrane.
abstract: The luminal surface of the bladder epithelium is continuously exposed to urine that differs from blood in its ionic composition and osmolality. The apical plasma membrane of facet or umbrella cells, facing the urine, is covered with rigid-looking plaques consisting of hexagonal uroplakin particles. Together with tight junctions these plaques form a specialized membrane compartment that represents one of the tightest and most impermeable barriers in the body. Plaques also occur in the membrane of cytoplasmic discoid vesicles. Here it is shown shown that synaptobrevin, SNAP23 and syntaxin are perfectly colocalized with uroplakin III at the apical plasma membrane as well as with membranes of discoid vesicles. Such a distribution suggests that discoid vesicles in facet cells may gain access to the apical plasma membrane probably by combination of homotypic and heterotypic fusion events. Furthermore, we detected uroplakin III-containing membranes of different sizes in the urine of healthy humans and rats. Probably facet cells maintain their permeability barrier by a process of continuous membrane regeneration that includes the cutting off of areas of the apical membrane and its replacement by newly fused discoid vesicles.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anatomie der Charité, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pahner
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahnert-Hilger
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jöns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D050766:Qb-SNARE Proteins; D050767:Qc-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D051381:Rats; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D060171:Uroplakin III; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D050766:Qb-SNARE Proteins; D050767:Qc-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; C100493:SNAP23 protein, human; C554660:UPK3A protein, human; D060171:Uroplakin III