title: Comparison of individual and combination DNA vaccines for B. anthracis, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
abstract: Multiagent DNA vaccines for highly pathogenic organisms offer an attractive approach for preventing naturally occurring or deliberately introduced diseases. Few animal studies have compared the feasibility of combining unrelated gene vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that DNA vaccines to four dissimilar pathogens that are known biowarfare agents, Bacillus anthracis, Ebola (EBOV), Marburg (MARV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), can elicit protective immunity in relevant animal models. In addition, a combination of all four vaccines is shown to be equally as effective as the individual vaccines for eliciting immune responses in a single animal species. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of combined DNA vaccines for these agents and point to a possible method of rapid development of multiagent vaccines for disparate pathogens such as those that might be encountered in a biological attack.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riemenschneider
authors.forename: Aura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geisbert
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jahrling
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hevey
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Negley
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmaljohn
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mary Kate
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanderzanden
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Custer
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivins
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmaljohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022122:Anthrax Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019470:Biolistics; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008379:Marburg Virus Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D029024:Marburgvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids / Q000276:immunology; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D022122:Anthrax Vaccines; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines