title: Comparison of the motor effects of individual vestibulo- and reticulospinal neurons on dorsal and ventral myotomes in lamprey.
abstract: In the lamprey (a lower vertebrate), motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord are transmitted through the reticulospinal (RS) and vestibulospinal (VS) pathways. The axons of larger RS neurons reach the most caudal of approximately 100 spinal segments, whereas the VS pathway does not descend below the 15th segment. This study was carried out to compare functional projections of RS and VS neurons in the rostral spinal segments that the neurons innervate together. To reveal these projections, individual RS or VS neurons were stimulated, and the responses of different groups of spinal motoneurons were recorded in ventral root branches to dorsal and ventral parts of myotomes. The responses were detected using a spike-triggered averaging technique on the background of ongoing motoneuronal activity. Individual RS and VS neurons exerted uniform effects on segmental motor output within this rostral part of the spinal cord. The effects of VS neurons on different groups of motoneurons were weaker and less diverse than those of RS neurons. The results indicate that VS neurons are able to elicit a flexion of the rostral part of the body and to turn the head in different planes without affecting more caudal parts. By contrast, larger RS neurons can elicit head movement only together with movement of a considerable part of the body and thus seem to be responsible for formation of gross motor synergies.
authors.affiliation: The Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Pavel.Zelenin@neuro.ki.se
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Zelenin
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grillner
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Orlovsky
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Deliagina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D007798:Lampreys / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*