title: Effect of resin surface sealers on improvement of stain resistance for a composite provisional material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resistance to staining is desirable to maintain the esthetic appearance of a provisional material. A resin sealant may improve stain resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Color changes of a resin composite provisional material were measured by reflection spectrophotometry after storage in three staining solutions and water to determine stain resistance when treated with three methacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate resin surface sealants and when left untreated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens of a resin composite provisional material received one of three resin sealants (Fortify Plus, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL; Jet Seal, Lang Dental Manfacturing, Wheeling, IL; Triad LC, Dentsply International, York, PA, USA) or no surface sealer and then were stored for 72 hours in one of four staining solutions (water [control], black coffee, cranberry juice, red wine). Color was measured by CIE L*a*b* on a reflection spectrophotometer (Color-Eye 7000, Macbeth Division, Kollmorgen Instruments, Newburgh, NY, USA) at baseline and after storage. Color change (deltaE*) was calculated and analyzed statistically by two-factor analysis of variance, with four solutions and four surface treatments as independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  deltaE* ranged from 0.7 to 1.7 in water, from 1.1 to 5.5 in cranberry juice, from 1.1 to 6.5 in black coffee, and from 1.5 to 3.9 in red wine. Statistically significant differences were observed (p < .05), with Fortify Plus showing increased staining (deltaE* > 3.3) and Jet Seal and Triad LC showing decreased staining (deltaE* < 2.0) in cranberry juice and coffee compared with staining of the unsealed specimens. Only Jet Seal provided resistance to staining in red wine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specimens without a surface sealer had statistically higher (p < .05) and perceptible or nearly perceptible color changes in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine than in water. Specimens coated with Jet Seal had statistically lower (p < .05) color changes than uncoated specimens in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine. When coated, the color changes of the stained specimens were not perceptible. Specimens coated with Triad LC had statistically lower (p < .05) color changes than unsealed specimens in cranberry juice and black coffee. When sealed, the color changes of the specimens stained with cranberry juice and black coffee were not perceptible. Both unsealed and sealed specimens stained with red wine were nearly perceptible. Specimens coated with Fortify Plus had statistically higher (p < .05) color changes than uncoated specimens in cranberry juice and black coffee but statistically the same (p < .05) color change as uncoated specimens in red wine. These specimens had perceptible color changes in cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface of methacrylate or dimethacrylate resins can improve resistance of a resin composite provisional material to staining caused by cranberry juice, black coffee, and red wine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Doray
authors.forename: Magda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Eldiwany
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D008422:Materials Testing; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003188:Composite Resins; C095811:Fortify sealant; D019279:Resin Cements; C060386:Triad resin