title: Competitive degradation and detoxification of carbamate insecticides by membrane anodic Fenton treatment.
abstract: The competitive degradation of six carbamate insecticides by membrane anodic Fenton treatment (AFT), a new Fenton treatment technology, was carried out in this study. The carbamates studied were dioxacarb, carbaryl, fenobucarb, promecarb, bendiocarb, and carbofuran. The results indicate that AFT can effectively degrade these insecticides in both single component and multicomponent systems. The carbamates compete for hydroxyl radicals, and their kinetics obey the previously developed AFT kinetic model quite well. Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants were obtained, and they decrease in the following order: dioxacarb approximately carbaryl > fenobucarb > promecarb > bendiocarb > carbofuran. The AFT is shown to have higher treatment efficiency at higher temperature. Degradation products of the carbamates were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and it appears that degradation can be initiated by hydroxyl radical attack at different sites in the molecule, depending on the individual structure of the compound. Substituted phenols are the commonly seen degradation products. The AFT treatment can efficiently remove the chemical oxygen demand of the carbamate mixture, significantly increasing the biodegradability. Earthworm studies show that the AFT is also an effective detoxification process.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, TXA, MVR Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA.
authors.forename: Qiquan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ann T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lemley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002219:Carbamates; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D007501:Iron; D007700:Kinetics; D009835:Oligochaeta; D013696:Temperature; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D007306:Insecticides; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron