title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: The introduction of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) has occurred in several surgical specialties. It allows the laparoscopic surgeon to insert a hand into the peritoneal cavity, through a small incision, while maintaining pneumoperitoneum. This technique has been made possible through the engineering of several unique devices. By returning the hand to the peritoneal cavity, the surgeon is allowed the return of tactile sensation, atraumatic retraction, blunt dissection, and digital vascular control. Proper device placement is mandatory. The principles include port-site triangulation, conversion to a convenient open incision if necessary, location away from bony prominences, and placement to minimize hand fatigue. Application and advantages of HALS can be shown in several procedures; specifically, laparoscopic splenectomy in cases of splenomegaly, laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy, and laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease. Its use in these procedures does not appear to be detrimental to the benefits associated with a completely laparoscopic technique, and may offer advantages. It may alter the learning curve regarding advanced laparoscopic procedures for the neophyte laparoscopic surgeon, and allow them to perform operations they otherwise would not attempt. For the experienced laparoscopic surgeon, it may allow them to complete operations laparoscopically they might otherwise have to convert. In time, HALS may have a larger role in many advanced surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gordie K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kaban
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Czerniach
authors.forename: Demetrius E M
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Litwin
authors.forename: Demetrius E M
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Litwin
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity