title: Validation of a clinical Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the accuracy, tolerance, and repeatability of the complete ophthalmic analysis system aberrometer (COAS, Wavefront Sciences Inc.) with model eyes and normal human eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Model eyes were constructed from six polymethyl methacrylate, single-surface lenses with known characteristics. Accuracy of second-order aberrations was verified by measuring defocus and astigmatism induced by series of spherical and cylindrical trial lenses. Accuracy of higher-order aberrations was evaluated by comparing ray-tracing predictions with measured spherical aberration and coma of the aspheric model eyes. Tolerance to axial and lateral misalignment was measured by controlled displacements of the model eye relative to the aberrometer. Repeatability was tested on the same model eyes with repeated measurements taken within 1 s or within half an hour with realignment between each trial. Analyses were based on a 5-mm pupil diameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Defocus and astigmatism were accurately measured within the working range of the instrument automatic focus adjustment (e.g., measured defocus was within +/-0.25 diopters over a -6.50 to +3.00 D range of refractive error). Accuracy of spherical aberration and coma agreed closely with theoretical predictions (e.g., for all six aspheric models, the mean absolute difference between predicted and measured Z(4)0 was 0.007 microm). Axial displacements over the range +/-2.5 mm had little effect on measurements for myopic and emmetropic model eyes. Also, lateral displacements over the range +/-1.5 mm did not produce significant coma. The standard deviations of repeated measurements of higher-order root mean square on model eyes were <1% of the mean with repeated measures within 1 s and 10% of the mean for five individual measurements with realignment in between each. Tolerance to small lateral displacements was also observed for human eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complete ophthalmic analysis system aberrometer can measure second-, third-, and fourth-order aberrations accurately and repeatedly on model eyes.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, Indiana University, 800 E, Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. xcheng@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Nikole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Himebaugh
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kollbaum
authors.forename: Larry N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Thibos
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*