title: Posthypnotic suggestion and the modulation of Stroop interference under cycloplegia.
abstract: Recent data indicate that under a specific posthypnotic suggestion to circumvent reading, highly suggestible subjects successfully eliminated the Stroop interference effect. The present study examined whether an optical explanation (e.g., visual blurring or looking away) could account for this finding. Using cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops to pharmacologically prevent visual accommodation in all subjects, behavioral Stroop data were collected from six highly hypnotizables and six less suggestibles using an optical setup that guaranteed either sharply focused or blurred vision. The highly suggestibles performed the Stroop task when naturally vigilant, under posthypnotic suggestion not to read, and while visually blurred; the less suggestibles ran naturally vigilant, while looking away, and while visually blurred. Although visual accommodation was precluded for all subjects, posthypnotic suggestion effectively eliminated Stroop interference and was comparable to looking away in controls. These data strengthen the view that Stroop interference is neither robust nor inevitable and support the hypothesis that posthypnotic suggestion may exert a top-down influence on neural processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY 10605, USA. amr2006@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: Kim S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Landzberg
authors.forename: Heather R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: Zohar R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zephrani
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Posner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003118:Color Perception; D003519:Cyclopentolate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011932:Reading; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; D003519:Cyclopentolate