title: [Recent concept of protection of workers and general population against electromagnetic fields in the European countries].
abstract: In 1994, guidelines for protection against EM fields were elaborated by the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). In 1998, they were slightly modified and became the base for the 1999 recommendation of the UE Commission. The ICNIRP recommendations are based on few selected criteria, and thus provide good protection in the case of short-term exposures to EM fields, but possible effects of EM fields at intensities lower than those admissible by the ICNIPR standards raise still growing doubts. Over a couple of years, well educated and organized groups of citizens and non-governmental organizations call attention to risks of long-term exposure of humans to weak EM fields. In their reviews, the members of these groups/organizations draw attention to the need for a precautionary approach on the one hand, and postulate better protection of the general population and workers from weak EM fields on the other. The evaluation of the present situation indicates that the range of the influence of independent groups/organizations supporting the modification of ICNIPR guidelines to include the effects of low-level EM fields is steadily growing.
authors.affiliation: Zakładu Ochrony Mikrofalowej Wojskowego Instytut Higieny i Epidemiologii w Warszawie. szmigielski@wihe.waw.pl
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szmigielski
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sobiczewska
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004782:Environmental Health / Q000592:standards*; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016272:Occupational Health; D009787:Occupational Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D011044:Poland; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors