title: Vertebral osteonecrosis related to intradiscal electrothermal therapy: a case report.
abstract: METHODS
  A case of a patient in whom vertebral osteonecrosis developed after intradiscal electrothermal therapy is reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To illustrate a potential complication of intradiscal electrothermal therapy and potential strategies to avoid it.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Thermal energy delivered in a controlled fashion directly to the annular wall and disc nucleus has been developed as an alternative to surgical methods for treating internal disc disruption. Although 2-year follow-up data are available, few complications and no vertebral body injury have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  After intradiscal electrothermal therapy, a patient exhibited MRI changes consistent with osteonecrosis in the adjacent vertebral body. The clinical and radiologic findings are presented, along with a review of the pertinent literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The magnetic resonance images, the temporal relation of intradiscal therapy, and the patient's clinical symptoms are consistent with focal osteonecrosis of the vertebral body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case study highlights a potential complication of intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Catheter placement may expose cortical and cancellous bone to temperatures well within the range reported to induce necrosis. In addition, focal disruption of the endplate may prove to be a relative contraindication for intradiscal electrothermal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Theiss
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ben
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraft
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*