title: Rectal intraganglionic laminar endings are transduction sites of extrinsic mechanoreceptors in the guinea pig rectum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vagal afferent mechanoreceptors in the upper gut have recently been identified morphologically as intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs), but little is known about the structure of mechanoreceptive endings elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. We have morphologically characterized the nerve endings of specialized mechanoreceptors in the rectum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracellular recordings from guinea pig rectal and colonic nerves were made, in vitro, in combination with rapid anterograde transport of biotinamide, to reveal the morphology of recorded fibers. Controlled distentions were used to activate mechanoreceptive afferent units, and von Frey hairs were used to identify their transduction sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rectal mechanoreceptors were present in high density, had low thresholds, and adapted slowly to maintained distention. Each afferent unit had multiple small (<200 microm diameter) transduction sites ("hot spots") at which they could be activated locally by application of a light von Frey hair (0.08-7 mN). Anterograde dye filling revealed characteristic rectal intraganglionic laminar endings (rIGLEs) in myenteric ganglia, significantly associated with hot spots, comparable to the IGLEs of vagal tension receptors, but smaller and less complex. Afferent fibers with these morphologic and physiologic features could not be recorded from colonic nerves innervating the large bowel proximal to the rectum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rectum receives a dense afferent innervation by a distinct population of low-threshold, slowly adapting mechanoreceptors with specialized intraganglionic laminar endings (rIGLEs), which are not found more proximally in the colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Penny A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zagorodnyuk
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Simon J H
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brookes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005724:Ganglia / Q000502:physiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000294:innervation*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic