title: Temporal patterns in long-term survival after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the past quarter century, advances in treatment of cardiovascular disease have occurred that might potentially benefit survivors of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Little is known, however, about the temporal patterns in long-term survival among persons resuscitated from SCA. We hypothesized that long-term survival would improve over time and that this temporal pattern would be most evident for cardiac causes of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The investigation was a retrospective cohort study of survival among persons who were discharged alive from the hospital after resuscitation from out-of-hospital SCA due to heart disease in King County, Wash, between May 1, 1976, and December 31, 2001 (n=2035). Calendar time was divided into four 5-year intervals: 1976 to 1980, 1981 to 1985, 1986 to 1990, and 1991 to 1995, and one 6-year interval, 1996 to 2001. Age-adjusted survival curves were constructed, and Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between mortality and time period. During 11 201 person-years of follow-up, 1334 persons died. Compared with the initial time period, the HR for total mortality was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.01) for 1981 to 1985, 0.82 (0.69 to 0.96) for 1986 to 1990, 0.66 (0.55 to 0.79) for 1991 to 1995, and 0.58 (0.47 to 0.71) for 1996 to 2001 (HR for trend=0.87 [0.84 to 0.91] for each successive time period). In analyses that assessed cardiac mortality, an even stronger temporal association was evident (HR for trend=0.79 [0.75 to 0.84]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term survival after resuscitation from SCA improved steadily over time in this cohort. To continue this trend, future studies should identify circumstances in which proven treatments are underutilized as well as investigate new therapies that might benefit survivors of SCA.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle-King County, Emergency Medical Services Division, Seattle, Wash 98104-4039, USA. rea123@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crouthamel
authors.forename: Mickey S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Ann R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013995:Time; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology