title: [Digestive tract and botulinum toxin].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the aim of this work was to check literature to assess botulinum toxin injection efficacy in gastrointestinal motor disorders with special emphasis on controlled clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  literature was carried out with the Medline data bank.
  
  
  RESULTS
  seventy three articles in French and in English including a recent general review were retained. Comparative clinical trials only concerned achalasia and anal fissure. The other gastrointestinal motor disorders only gave rise to open non-controlled trials assessed on clinical end points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  this review of literature helps to determine usefulness and safety of Botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of esophageal achalasia and anal fissure. The main limitation is its brief duration of action. Studies concerning the others spastic motor disorders are based on unknown physiopathology and controlled trials are required to assess its efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  botulinum toxin is increasingly used for gastrointestinal motor disorders with worthwhile results. Its efficacy has been yet established for only two disorders : it has a valuable palliative role in achalasia and may be curative for anal fissure.
authors.affiliation: Service d'hépatogastroentérologie, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. marianne.gaudric@cch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaudric
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaussade
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins