title: Identification of women at high STD risk among STD clinic attendees: implications for STD programmes.
abstract: We showed an association between current infection with a recognized sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogen and HIV infection in women but not in men with non-ulcerative genital disease. While the accuracy of recognition of male urethritis and genital ulcer syndromes is high, this is significantly less for non-ulcerative STIs in women. The symptoms associated with the latter have a broad differential diagnosis including conditions of a non-STI nature. Local sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees often comprise patients with and without STIs. We hypothesized that this may be responsible for the association of current STI pathogens and HIV in women. To identify a group of women that would be representative of a true STD clinic population we looked at those with a past history of treated genital ulcers. When we analysed in this subset the association of current STI pathogen and HIV infection, a pattern emerged that was comparable with that in men.
authors.affiliation: Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubataba and The Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.forename: P D J
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sturm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000453:epidemiology; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health