External cephalic version: an approach with few complications.
We performed a retrospective study of all patients referred for external cephalic version (ECV) at > or = 36 weeks gestation from 1993 to 2000. Exclusion criteria included ominous fetal heart rate changes, complete or multiple loops of nuchal umbilical cord, extension of the fetal head, oligohydramnios and poorly controlled hypertension. Three groups were compared: spontaneous cephalic version (SCV), ECV attempted (ECV) and ECV not attempted (NoECV). A total of 289 patients were referred. ECV was attempted in 191, 118 by one operator (D.W.S.). ECV was successful in 98/191 (51%) attempts. Spontaneous reversion to breech after successful ECV occurred in 6/98 (6%). There were 4 complications: 1 occult cord prolapse, 2 nonreassuring fetal heart patterns, and 1 placental abruption; all led to nonemergent cesarean delivery (CD). The CD rate (SCV 2/18, 11%; ECV 114/179, 64%; NoECV 49/51, 96%) was highest in the no-attempt group (p=0.001). The CD rate after successful ECV was 29/91 (32%). Maternal postdelivery complications (SCV 1/16, 6%; ECV 24/161, 15%; NoECV 13/48, 27%) and neonatal complications were not significantly different. With careful attention to contraindications, ECV can be performed with few complications. ECV lowers the CD rate.
Skupski
Daniel W
DW
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Center, New York, NY, USA. dwskupsk@med.cornell.edu
Harrison-Restelli
Catherine
C
Dupont
Rebecca B
RB
D001946:Breech Presentation; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014710:Version, Fetal / Q000009:adverse effects