title: Protein disregulation in red blood cell membranes of type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: The proteomics analysis was used to search for the membrane proteins related to the type 2 diabetes in human red blood cell (RBC). To improve the solubilization and separation for membrane proteins during two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), several types of chaotropes and surfactants were tested. The optimized condition was then screened. About 1000 protein spots from RBC membranes can be resolved on the 2-D gel. To compare the 2-DE patterns between RBC membranes of type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls, a total of 42 proteins that were differentially expressed were found. The analysis shows that flotillin-1, a recently discovered membrane protein of RBC lipid rafts, appears to be affected in the disease. The result would be quite interesting because flotillin-1 in adipocytes functions is related to stimulate activation of glucose transporter 4 in response to insulin. Additionally, syntaxin 1C and arginase were also disregulated in patient RBC membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Linzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D050827:Syntaxin 1; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D007328:Insulin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C494212:STX1A protein, human; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D050827:Syntaxin 1; C106354:flotillins; D001119:Arginase