title: Low dose daily rhGM-CSF application activates monocytes and dendritic cells in vivo.
abstract: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a powerful cytokine with multiple actions. We investigated the effects of low dose daily rhGM-CSF application on monocytes and peripheral circulating dendritic cells (DC) in malignant melanoma patients in vivo. Twenty patients were included; rhGM-CSF was given as daily subcutaneous injections for 14 days. A significant increase was noted in monocytes and granulocytes, starting on the 5th day. Expression of CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) and CD45RO on monocytes increased significantly on the 5th day, and CD4 expression on monocytes increased significantly on the 14th day. Peripheral circulating dendritic cells which were 0.94% in the beginning, increased to 1.35% (P<0.04) and to 1.96% (P<0.001) on days 5 and 14, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Husrev Gerede Cad 35/4 Tesvikiye, 80200 Istanbul, Turkey. gdemir@turk.net
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Hans Otto
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Nukhet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tuzuner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006098:Granulocytes; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019014:fas Receptor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens