title: Urine polymerase chain reaction as a screening tool for the detection of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a defined population in Israel as diagnosed by urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to assess the utility of this method for screening for congenital CMV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenient sample of urine specimens from asymptomatic newborns were subjected to CMV PCR. Positive results were validated by urine tube culture and by determination of serum CMV IgM antibodies. Maternal CMV IgG was determined in a representative sample of mothers. Newborns with positive urine specimens underwent full clinical evaluation. Epidemiological characteristics of the mothers were extracted from the medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two medical centres in Israel with different population characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2000 newborns (1000 in each medical centre).
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of CMV DNA in the urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite significant epidemiological differences between the populations in the two hospitals, the CMV seroprevalence was similar, 80.5% and 85%. Fourteen of the 2000 newborns screened (0.7%) were PCR positive. Urine culture was positive in nine of 10 specimens; IgM was positive in only two of 13 newborns with positive PCR. Eleven newborns underwent full or partial evaluation, and only one (9%) was symptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of congenital CMV infection in the study population was 0.7%; over 90% were asymptomatic. Urinary CMV PCR is a reliable, rapid, and convenient method, and thus may serve as a screening tool for the detection of congenital CMV infection.
authors.affiliation: Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, affiliated with Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. yechiel@szmc.org.il
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schlesinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halle
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Eidelman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dayan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rudensky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raveh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Branski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shefer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miron
mesh_terms: D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012423:Rural Health; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G