title: Archaeal proteasomes: potential in metabolic engineering.
abstract: Archaea are a valuable source of enzymes for industrial and scientific applications because of their ability to survive extreme conditions including high salt and temperature. Thanks to advances in molecular biology and genetics, archaea are also attractive hosts for metabolic engineering. Understanding how energy-dependent proteases and chaperones function to maintain protein quality control is key to high-level synthesis of recombinant products. In archaea, proteasomes are central players in energy-dependent proteolysis and form elaborate nanocompartments that degrade proteins into oligopeptides by processive hydrolysis. The catalytic core responsible for this proteolytic activity is the 20S proteasome, a barrel-shaped particle with a central channel and axial gates on each end that limit substrate access to a central proteolytic chamber. AAA proteins (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) are likely to play several roles in mediating energy-dependent proteolysis by the proteasome. These include ATP binding/hydrolysis, substrate binding/unfolding, opening of the axial gates, and translocation of substrate into the proteolytic chamber.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Room 1052, Building 981, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA. jmaupin@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maupin-Furlow
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kaczowka
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Kheir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zuobi-Hasona
authors.forename: Malgorzata A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gil
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases