title: Clinical observations during induction and recovery of xylazine-midazolam- propofol anesthesia in horses.
abstract: To evaluate clinical usefulness of xylazine (1.0 mg/kg)-midazolam (20 microg/kg)-propofol (3.0 mg/kg) anesthesia in horses, 6 adult Thoroughbred horses were examined. The quality of induction varied from poor to excellent and 5 out of 6 horses presented myotonus in the front half of the body. However, paddling immediately after induction observed in other reports of equine propofol anesthesia was not observed. Recovery time was 35.3 +/- 9.3 min and the quality of recovery was calm and smooth in all horses. Respiration rate decreased after induction and hypoxemia was observed during lateral recumbency. Heart rate also decreased after induction, however mean arterial blood pressure was maintained above approximately 100 mmHg.
authors.affiliation: Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Nagatoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashihara
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujinaga
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006736:Horses; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011292:Premedication; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014991:Xylazine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol