title: Effect of insulin therapy on plasma leptin and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study set out to define relationships between changes in plasma leptin and changes in body weight, plasma insulin and blood glucose control during a 12-month crossover study of once-daily Ultratard or twice-daily Insulatard insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting plasma leptin and insulin were measured during a multicentre cross-over study involving 60 subjects with type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose > 8 mM). After a 2-month run-in, there were two 6-month periods of treatment with Insulatard or Ultratard insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean plasma leptin increased significantly in both groups after insulin therapy was instigated (12.8 +/- 8.1 to 22.9 +/- 13.1 ng/ml in the Insulatard group; 12.1 +/- 7.2 to 19.2 +/- 12.3 ng/ml in the Ultratard group). Weight also increased significantly in both groups (82.4 +/- 14.3 kg to 88.8 +/- 14.3 kg and 82.2 +/- 15.3 kg to 85.3 +/- 15.2 kg respectively). The increase in plasma leptin correlated well with the increase in weight (R = 0.416, p = 0.001), and this correlation continued after the crossover point. Plasma leptin correlated with BMI throughout the study (R = 0.540, p = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sustained rise in body weight despite a substantial increase in plasma leptin suggests that either resistance to the hypothalamic action of leptin develops when insulin therapy is begun in type 2 diabetes, or that resetting of the set point for body weight occurs such that a larger body mass is tolerated for a given level of plasma leptin.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Centre, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. p.e.carey@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashworth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human; D000068880:Isophane Insulin, Human; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human; D000068880:Isophane Insulin, Human; D020738:Leptin; C023501:Insulin, Ultratard