title: Factors associated with maintenance of long-term plasma human immunodeficiency virus RNA suppression.
abstract: To analyze factors associated with long-term (>or=2 years) suppression of virus load (VL), we performed a nested case-control analysis of 1235 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outpatient Study cohort participants who were well characterized by multiple VL and CD4(+) cell count determinations. Of these patients, 286 (23.1%) had maintained undetectable VLs (i.e., <400 copies/mm(3) or <50 copies/mm(3)) for >or=2 years. Being treatment naive at the start of antiretroviral therapy was associated with a greater likelihood of achieving long-term suppression of VL (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.0; P=.028). In multivariate models, abacavir, indinavir, efavirenz, and drug combinations that included both lamivudine and indinavir were the most effective treatments for achieving long-term suppression of VL (adjusted OR for each, >3.6; P value for each, <.01). Long-term suppression of VL is more likely in treatment-naive than in treatment-experienced patients, but there were several drugs--abacavir, efavirenz, indinavir, and drug combinations including lamivudine and indinavir--that appeared to be effective, whether they were part of a first or subsequent drug regimen.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. sdh1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Merle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.forename: Kathy C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Palella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D048588:Benzoxazines; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010078:Oxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir; D010078:Oxazines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000099227:Abacavir; C098320:efavirenz