title: Differential caveolin-1 polarization in endothelial cells during migration in two and three dimensions.
abstract: Endothelial cell (EC) migration is a critical event during multiple physiological and pathological processes. ECs move in the plane of the endothelium to heal superficially injured blood vessels but migrate in three dimensions during angiogenesis. We herein investigate differences in these modes of movement focusing on caveolae and their defining protein caveolin-1. Using a novel approach for morphological analysis of transmigrating cells, we show that ECs exhibit a polarized distribution of caveolin-1 when traversing a filter pore. Strikingly, in these cells caveolin-1 seems to be released from caveolar structures in the cell rear and to relocalize at the cell front in a cytoplasmic form. In contrast, during planar movement caveolin-1 is concentrated at the rear of ECs, colocalizing with caveolae. The phosphorylatable Tyr14 residue of caveolin-1 is required for polarization of the protein during transmigration but does not alter polarization during planar movement. Palmitoylation of caveolin-1 is not essential for redistribution of the protein during either mode of movement. Thus, ECs migrating in three dimensions uniquely exhibit dissociation of caveolin-1 from caveolae and phosphorylation-dependent relocalization to the cell front.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Parat
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anand-Apte
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D021941:Caveolae / Q000378:metabolism*; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins