title: Hemispheric synchronized sounds and intraoperative anesthetic requirements.
abstract: Hemispheric synchronization is currently promoted as a treatment for preoperative anxiety and for reduction of intraoperative anesthetic and analgesic consumption. We designed this study to examine the effect of Hemisync sounds on anesthetic hypnotic depth. After obtaining informed consent, we randomized subjects undergoing general anesthesia and outpatient surgery into two groups: the treatment group received Hemisync sounds (n = 31), and the control group received a blank cassette tape (n = 29). Both groups received the intervention in the preoperative area and during the surgical procedure. Subjects underwent a propofol-based anesthetic regimen, and propofol doses required for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia were recorded. A bispectral index monitor was used to ensure that the hypnotic component of the anesthetic state was the same in all patients. We found no differences in the amount of propofol used during the induction of anesthesia (2.49 +/- 0.59 mg/kg versus 2.60 +/- 0.59 mg/kg; P = 0.48) or the maintenance of anesthesia (0.141 +/- 0.02 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) versus 0.146 +/- 0.04 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P = 0.62) between the Hemisync and control groups. We also found no differences between the Hemisync group and the control group for participants with high state anxiety (P = not significant). We conclude that Hemisync sounds do not reduce the hypnotic component of the anesthetic state of patients undergoing general anesthesia and surgery.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Anesthesiology, †Pediatrics, and ‡Child Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dabu-Bondoc
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drummond-Lewis
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaal
authors.forename: Maryanne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.forename: Alison A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Caldwell-Andrews
authors.forename: Zeev N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003344:Cortical Synchronization; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol