title: Normal endoscopic anatomy of the pharynx and larynx.
abstract: The pharynx and larynx are readily visualized in ambulatory settings during endoscopic examination. Although these organs may be perceived as the portal to the lungs or upper digestive tract, endoscopists could refine their technical and diagnostic acumen by becoming more familiar with this special area of anatomy. Further, an anatomic description of these structures may augment the generalist's understanding of their physiologic functioning. The basic skills required for examining the pharynx and larynx are generally quite easy to obtain. This article reviews the endoscopic anatomy and basic physiology of this region and offers suggestions for improving technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Merati
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rieder
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011187:Posture