title: Synchronous fluorescence spectrometry of 1-hydroxypyrene: a rapid screening method for identification of PAH exposure in tissue from marine polychaetes.
abstract: The uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by marine deposit-feeding invertebrates can be determined by screening for PAH-derived metabolites. We identified 1-hydroxypyrene as the only intermediate metabolite in tissue of four species of deposit-feeding polychaetes, Nereis diversicolor, Nereis virens, Arenicola marina, and Capitella sp. I exposed to pyrene spiked sediment. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) provides a fast and simple method for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene in all four species. The SFS assay was validated using HPLC with ultraviolet detection. A good correlation between 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations determined by the two methods was observed. We used HPLC with fluorescence detection combined with enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated metabolites to investigate species specific metabolite patterns. A tentative aqueous metabolite identification scheme indicates that Nereid polychaetes predominately make use of glucuronide conjugation whereas Capitella sp. I. and Arenicola marina appear to utilize predominantly sulfate and/or glucoside conjugation. The usefulness of 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker for PAH exposure in deposit-feeding invertebrates is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573, USA. anders@giessing.dk
authors.forename: Anders M B
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giessing
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Forbes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D011077:Polychaeta; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene