title: Smoking and occupation from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking is among the most important personal and modifiable risk factors for adverse health outcomes. The workplace offers a potentially effective venue for tobacco prevention programmes; identifying occupational groups with high smoking prevalence may assist in targeting such programmes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine smoking prevalence among occupational groups in the European Union.
  
  
  METHODS
  The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), a cross sectional health survey conducted in 1992-93, was used to examine smoking prevalence by occupation among 14 565 subjects from 30 centres in 14 participating countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an approximately twofold range in smoking prevalence by occupation. For occupational groups with at least 50 subjects, the highest smoking prevalence was seen in metal making and treating for men (54.3%) and cleaners for women (50.7%). Increased smoking prevalence by occupation persisted after adjustment for age, country, and age at completion of education. Smoking was also increased among occupations with high exposure to mineral dust and gas or fumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking rates vary significantly by occupation. Prevention efforts in the workplace should focus on occupations with high smoking prevalence and large employment bases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8638, USA. samccurdy@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McCurdy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zock
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antó
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005062:European Union; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016272:Occupational Health; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods