title: Stable lines of genetically modified dendritic cells from mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The capacity to activate naïve T cells sets dendritic cells (DCs) apart from other antigen-presenting cells, making them attractive targets for immune intervention during deleterious immune responses. The inherent resistance of terminally differentiated DCs to conventional strategies for genetic modification has, however, greatly limited our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report the derivation of long-term cultures of untransformed DCs, uniformly expressing a defined mutant phenotype by the directed differentiation of cloned embryonic stem cells, stably transfected with a reporter gene. Introduction of the gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein into pluripotent stem cells demonstrated no observable impact on the phenotype, immunogenicity, or capacity for maturation of DCs differentiated from them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The production of unlimited numbers of mutant DCs from genetically modified embryonic stem cells paves the way for the systematic elucidation of gene function in this cell type and the rational design of DCs for use in immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom. Paul.Fairchild@path.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fairchild
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Siân
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cartland
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Graça
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014162:Transfection