title: Clinical and radiological features of patients with macroprolactinaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Macroprolactin is a complex of prolactin (PRL) and IgG and may account for a significant proportion of cases of 'idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia'. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence and clinical features of macroprolactinaemia in patients diagnosed with hyperprolactinaemia in our region, with a view to determining how patients with macroprolactinaemia should be investigated and managed.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Immuno-1 automated immunoassay system with polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation was used to identify macroprolactin, with a recovery of </= 50% taken as indicating significant macroprolactinaemia. Macroprolactin was found in 58 (21%) of 273 patients with a total PRL > 700 mU/l. The clinical records of 51 (44 female) were available for retrospective review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (range) age of patients was 39.5 (18-82) years. The median (range) concentrations for the various forms of PRL were: total PRL 1130 mU/l (728-5116), monomeric PRL 240 mU/l (50-656) and macroprolactin 895 mU/l (381-4854). Classical symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia were present in 39% of patients, although in many there were other possible explanations for their symptomatology. Pituitary adenomas were identified in six out of 36 people who underwent neuroimaging. Five of these patients had a microadenoma and one had a 10-mm macroadenoma (although, in this patient macroprolactin was identified after the discovery of the tumour). There was no relationship between macroprolactin concentrations and the presence of hyperprolactinaemic symptoms or neuroimaging abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macroprolactinaemia is a common occurrence in patients with hyperprolactinaemia, but associated symptomatology may not necessarily be linked. The neuroimaging abnormalities were also probably incidental findings and it is questionable whether neuroimaging is necessary when significant macroprolactinaemia is identified and the concentration of monomeric PRL is not elevated (using the Immuno-1 assay system, following PEG precipitation).
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. mark.strachan@luht.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Mark W J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: Wei Leng
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Don-Wauchope
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoddart
authors.forename: Geoffrey J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Beckett
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005687:Galactorrhea / Q000097:blood; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C060678:prolactin, polymeric; D011388:Prolactin