title: LABAZ1: A metastatic tumor model for renal cell carcinoma expressing the carbonic anhydrase type 9 tumor antigen.
abstract: A metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumor model xenograft that expresses the targetable, membrane-bound tumor-associated antigen carbonic anhydrase type 9 (CA IX) is described. The xenograft, established from a high-grade type-2 chromophil RCC (cRCC), has been serially transplanted in immune compromised mice, in which it grows orthotopically under the renal capsule, doubling its size every 9 weeks and sending metastases to the lung and liver at approximately 20 weeks. Tumors were capable of being imaged using a micro-PET (micro-positron emission tomograph) with an 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) tracer. Subsequent xenograft generations have conserved immunohistochemical and ultrastructural properties typical for malignant renal epithelium-derived neoplasia (vimentin+, CK-19+, CA IX+ with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha constitutive expression) and have demonstrated extensive proliferation, lack of apoptosis, severe genetic alterations, and molecular expression alterations; transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), proto-oncogene (c-met), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C and D were overexpressed, whereas human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9, VEGF-R3, p53, and p27 were severely down-regulated, suggesting a proangiogenic environment, local invasiveness, and facilitated lymphatic metastasis. Altogether, LABAZ1 provides a relevant and flexible model to study the biology of cRCC, the role of CA IX in RCC tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis, and a platform for testing new targeted therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zisman
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pantuck
authors.forename: Matthew H T
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Randy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Caliliw
authors.forename: Nagesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shintaku
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Sanjiv S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gambhir
authors.forename: Arie S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Belldegrun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000556:secondary*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D014157:Transcription Factors; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases