title: Immunohistological distribution of the tight junction components ZO-1 and occludin in regenerating human epidermis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Molecular characterization of tight junction proteins during the past few years has provided novel methods for studying these specialized junctions. Tight junctions have recently been characterized in the granular cell layer of human epidermis, and the role of these junctions in the epidermal barrier is now being re-evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of tight junction components during the re-epithelialization of suction blisters and the regeneration of the corneal layer after tape stripping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suction blisters were induced in eight healthy volunteers, and skin biopsies were taken 4 or 6 days afterwards. The restoration of epidermal barrier function was evaluated by measuring water evaporation (WE) from the wound area. Tape stripping was performed on three volunteers to remove the corneal layer. The tissues were immunolabelled using indirect immunofluorescence or the avidin-biotin method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to the biopsies, WE from the blister wounds was markedly elevated in comparison with normal skin. In the epidermis surrounding the blister, occludin and ZO-1 were expressed in the granular cell layer only. In the hyperproliferative zone adjacent to the border of the blister, the expression of ZO-1 was redistributed into several spinous cell layers, while occludin expression was restricted to the upper epidermis. In the leading edge of migrating keratinocytes, both proteins were expressed exclusively in the most superficial layer of keratinocytes. Double labelling for ZO-1 and involucrin showed expression of both proteins in the same layers of hyperproliferative keratinocytes, while the expression patterns were clearly different in the migrating keratinocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tight junctions of regenerating epidermis may provide a functional barrier prior to regeneration of the corneal layer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malminen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koivukangas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: S-L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oikarinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peltonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004817:Epidermis / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D062793:Occludin; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000378:metabolism*; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C569042:TJP1 protein, human; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; C032253:involucrin