title: Aberrant p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is generally thought to facilitate signal transduction to genomic, rather than metabolic responses. However, recent evidence implicates a role for p38 MAPK in the regulation of glucose transport; a site of insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes. Thus we determined p38 MAPK protein expression and phosphorylation in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro effects of insulin (120 nmol/l) or AICAR (1 mmol/l) on p38 MAPK expression and phosphorylation were determined in skeletal muscle from non-diabetic (n=6) and Type 2 diabetic (n=9) subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p38 MAPK protein expression was similar between Type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects. Insulin exposure increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation in non-diabetic, but not in Type 2 diabetic patients. In contrast, basal phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was increased in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin increases p38 MAPK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle from non-diabetic subjects, but not in Type 2 diabetic patients. However, basal p38 MAPK phosphorylation is increased in skeletal muscle from Type 2 diabetic patients. Thus, aberrant p38 MAPK signalling might contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Koistinen
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Chibalin
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zierath
mesh_terms: D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide