title: Prostate cancer overexpresses CD44 variants 7-9 at the messenger RNA and protein level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In prostate cancer, prior data show down-regulated immunohistochemical expression of cell adhesion protein CD44 standard (CD44s) and most variants (CD44v).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of CD44 mRNA was studied by RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing in 19 prostate cancers and 10 benign controls. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with anti-CD44v7/8 in 80 prostatectomy specimens, and 12 were used for in situ hybridization for CD44v7 (exon 12). Western blotting with monoclonal antibody to CD44 standard, v6, v7/8, or v9 was performed using cancerous and benign prostate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequencing of RT-PCR products showed that benign tissue and cancer express CD44 standard and v10 mRNA at 482 base pairs (bp). In contrast, cancer tissues also overexpressed 800-1000 bp bands corresponding to v7-9 isoforms. In situ hybridization revealed increased CD44v7 signal in cancer compared to benign acini. Immunostaining for CD44v7/8 was increased, proportional to Gleason grade. By Western blot, cancer and benign tissue disclosed major bands of reactivity at 75-100 kD consistent with intact standard and variant isoforms. Tumors, however, had 6-45 kD bands for CD44 standard, v7/8 and v9, consistent with cleavage products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD44 v7-9 isoform messenger RNA is increased in prostate cancer, and translation yields low molecular weight polypeptides of probable cleavage origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA. iczkoka@pathology.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Iczkowski
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Cooley G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pantazis
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger