In vitro investigation of indirect bonding with a hydrophilic primer.
The aim of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate bond strength for a custom base indirect bonding technique using a hydrophilic primer on moisture-contaminated tooth surfaces. Stainless steel brackets were bonded to 100 permanent bovine incisors using a light-cured custom base composite adhesive, a chemically cured sealant, and the hydrophilic primer Transbond MIP (3M-Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Five groups (A-E) of 20 teeth each were formed according to the time of contamination (before or after application of the primer) and the type of contaminant (distilled water or saliva): A, control group with no contamination; B, contamination with saliva before application of the primer; C, contamination with water before application of the primer; D, contamination with saliva before and after application of the primer; and E, contamination with water before and after application of the primer. Mean bond strength for the group without contamination (A) was 15.07 +/- 4.14 MPa and was not significantly different from bond strengths for groups B (14.91 +/- 3.99 MPa) and C (16.12 +/- 3.67 MPa), in which contamination occurred before application of the hydrophilic primer. Average bond strength in group D was 11.92 +/- 4.76 MPa. The lowest mean bond strength was measured for group E (9.85 +/- 3.77 MPa) and was significantly lower than for groups A, B, and C. Contamination after primer application resulted in an increased risk of bond failure at clinically relevant levels of stress.
Klocke
Arndt
A
Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Hamburg, Germany. klocke@uke.uni-hamburg.de
Shi
Jianmin
J
Kahl-Nieke
Bärbel
B
Bismayer
Ulrich
U
D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D007180:Incisor; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D000269:Adhesives; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C458821:Transbond moisture-insensitive primer; D014867:Water; D013193:Stainless Steel; D000431:Ethanol