title: Interleukin-1beta and barrier function of retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19): aberrant expression of junctional complex molecules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of interleukin (IL)-1beta on the resistance and permeability of the tight junctions of cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) cultured on microporous filter-supports was used. IL-1beta and monoclonal anti-IL-1beta antibody-treated IL-1beta (mAbIL-1beta) were added to the standard culture medium. Transepithelial resistance (TER) of confluent RPE cells was measured by epithelial voltmeter. The permeability of the RPE cells to sodium fluorescein, horseradish peroxidase, and inulin was measured. The expression of the occludin and claudin was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly greater decrease of TER occurred in IL-1beta-supplemented medium than in standard medium plus mAbIL-1beta after several days of stimulation. A significantly greater increase of sodium fluorescein, horseradish peroxidase, and inulin permeability occurred in IL-1beta-supplemented medium than in standard medium. The expression of the occludin gene and some types of claudin genes was observed. The expression of occludin was downregulated and that of claudin-1 upregulated more in IL-1beta-supplemented medium than in standard medium by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tight junctions of ARPE-19 cells are altered by IL-1beta supplementation either directly or through other factors activated by IL-1beta. The downregulation of occludin and upregulation of claudin-1 may have participated in the dysfunction of the RPE tight junctions in these in vitro experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan. toshi@oph.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saigo
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamai
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D062445:Claudin-1; D017931:DNA Primers; D015536:Down-Regulation; D017097:Electric Impedance; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007444:Inulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D062793:Occludin; D010539:Permeability; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C568108:CLDN1 protein, human; D062445:Claudin-1; D017931:DNA Primers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007444:Inulin; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D019793:Fluorescein