Postural control in the rabbit maintaining balance on the tilting platform.
A deviation from the dorsal-side-up body posture in quadrupeds activates the mechanisms for postural corrections. Operation of these mechanisms was studied in the rabbit maintaining balance on a platform periodically tilted in the frontal plane. First, we characterized the kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) patterns of postural responses to tilts. It was found that a reaction to tilt includes an extension of the limbs on the side moving down and flexion on the opposite side. These limb movements are primarily due to a modulation of the activity of extensor muscles. Second, it was found that rabbits can effectively maintain the dorsal-side-up body posture when complex postural stimuli are applied, i.e., asynchronous tilts of the platforms supporting the anterior and posterior parts of the body. These data suggest that the nervous mechanisms controlling positions of these parts of the body can operate independently of each other. Third, we found that normally the somatosensory input plays a predominant role for the generation of postural responses. However, when the postural response appears insufficient to maintain balance, the vestibular input contributes considerably to activation of postural mechanisms. We also found that an asymmetry in the tonic vestibular input, caused by galvanic stimulation of the labyrinths, can affect the stabilized body orientation while the magnitude of postural responses to tilts remains unchanged. Fourth, we found that the mechanisms for postural corrections respond only to tilts that exceed a certain (threshold) value.
Beloozerova
I N
IN
The Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
Zelenin
P V
PV
Popova
L B
LB
Orlovsky
G N
GN
Grillner
S
S
Deliagina
T G
TG
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology