title: Zebrafish Cx35: cloning and characterization of a gap junction gene highly expressed in the retina.
abstract: The vertebrate connexin gene family encodes protein subunits of gap junction channels, which provide a route for direct intercellular communication. Consequently, gap junctions play a vital role in many developmental and homeostatic processes. Aberrant functioning of gap junctions is implicated in many human diseases. Zebrafish are an ideal vertebrate model to study development of the visual system as they produce transparent embryos that develop rapidly, thereby facilitating morphological and behavioral testing. In this study, zebrafish connexin35 has been cloned from a P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) library. Sequence analysis shows a high degree of similarity to the Cx35/36 orthologous group, which are expressed primarily in nervous tissue, including the retina. The gene encodes a 304-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 35 kDa. Injection of zebrafish Cx35 RNA into paired Xenopus oocytes elicited intercellular electrical coupling with weak voltage sensitivity. In development, Cx35 is first detectable by Northern analysis and RT-PCR, at 2 days post-fertilization (2 dpf), and in the adult it is expressed in the brain and retina. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the Cx35 protein is expressed in two sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer of the adult retina. A similar pattern was seen in the 4 and 5 dpf retina, but no labeling was detected in the retina of earlier embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Chioma
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ugonabo
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: James I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valdimarsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004594:Electrophysiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009865:Oocytes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013997:Time Factors; D014981:Xenopus; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D000097004:Gap Junction delta-2 Protein
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D000097004:Gap Junction delta-2 Protein; C100585:connexin 35 protein, vertebrate; C491009:gjd2b protein, zebrafish