title: Mevastatin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced Rac activation in the human monocyte cell line THP-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rac is a member of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of Rac requires lipid modification that can be blocked by statins. Lipopolysaccharide-induced rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton lead to changes in cell adhesion and motility that play a role in the cellular response to infection. The lipid products of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) modulate Rac effector pathways and have been linked to the activation of the Rac-guanosine triphosphatase. We hypothesize that lipopolysaccharide stimulation leads to Rac activation and that this may be inhibited by statin pretreatment. Furthermore, signaling downstream of Rac is linked to PI3K; therefore, we hypothesize that a signaling complex between PI3K and Rac may be involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  THP-1 cells were maintained in 1% fetal calf serum with or without 20 micromol/L mevastatin for 24 hours, followed by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Active Rac was precipitated from THP-1 total cell lysate and then detected by immunoblotting. The PI3K-Rac complex was immunoprecipitated from total cell lysate, and the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K was detected by immunoblotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipopolysaccharide stimulation activated Rac. Rac activation was suppressed by pretreatment with mevastatin. The p85 subunit of PI3K was associated with Rac.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipopolysaccharide stimulation leads to Rac activation in THP-1 cells, which may be suppressed with mevastatin pretreatment. There is an association between Rac and PI3K that demonstrates a role for PI3K in the activation of downstream Rac effector pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
authors.forename: Tushar R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Siobhan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Corbett
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C012258:mevastatin; D008148:Lovastatin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins