title: [Mucosal viral vaccines: progress and problems].
abstract: Data obtained in the recent years on developing the viral inactivated mucosal vaccines by applying the mucosal-adhesive adjuvants are presented in the survey. Progress achieved in designing the mucosal influenza vaccines and mucosal vaccines against a variety of other viral infections is pointed out. Cross-protection against variations of a virus within its subtype limits as well as overcoming of a negative influence of parent antibodies produced on the immunogenicity of live-vaccines', which were used at young age, were observed in the intranasal administration of viral mucosal vaccines. A number of shortcomings of bacterial toxins used as mucosal-adhesive adjuvants as well as problems, which may arise when the viral mucosal vaccines are used on a large-scale basis due to a need in their two- and-threefold intranasal administration, are in the focus of attention.
authors.forename: Iu Z
authors.initials: IuZ
authors.lastname: Gendon
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D000075202:Contraindications; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired / Q000276:immunology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines