title: Comparison of the results of human embryo biopsy and outcome of PGD after zona drilling using acid Tyrode medium or a laser.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zona pellucida opening for blastomere removal can be done by mechanical or chemical means, or by laser. So far, only limited data on the use of laser systems for zona drilling in cases of PGD are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of embryo biopsy and outcome of PGD in two periods were compared. In the first period, acid Tyrode medium was used for zona drilling. In the second period, zona drilling was performed by a 1.48 micro m infrared laser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first period, 59 cycles resulted in 53 biopsy procedures with 356 biopsied embryos. In the second period, these numbers were 69 cycles, 69 biopsy procedures and 402 biopsied embryos. Fewer blastomeres were intact (95.2%) after zona drilling with acid Tyrode than after laser zona drilling (98.3%, P = 0.02). Rates of positive HCG (37.5% versus 35.5%), ongoing pregnancy rates (31.3% versus 25.0%) and ongoing implantation rates (18.9% versus 14.9%) did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a laser for zona drilling in cases of PGD is an easier procedure and results in more intact blastomeres. Since similar pregnancy rates are obtained, it is advantageous to use a laser for zona drilling. Further follow-up is necessary to prove the safety of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. hubert.joris@az.vub.ac.be
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Vos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liebaers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000032:analysis; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007834:Lasers; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C037692:Tyrode's solution