title: [PTEN coding product: a marker for tumorigenesis and progression of endometrial carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new candidate tumor suppressor gene, called phosphatase and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), was the first gene that was found to be phospholipase tumor suppressor gene. Loss of PTEN function by mutation or other mechanisms is closely related to tumorigenesis and progression of multiple carcinomas. This study was designed to investigate the expression of PTEN in carcinogenesis and development of endometrium carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of PTEN were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 24 cases with endometrial carcinoma, 10 cases with endometrial atypical hyperplasia, 10 cases with endometrial hyperplasia,and 10 cases with normal endometrium and by SP immunohistochemical methods for 73 cases with endometrial carcinoma, 25 cases with endometrial atypical hyperplasia, 71 cases with endometrial hyperplasia,and 31 cases with normal endometrium. The results were compared with clinical parameters (histological classification, differentiation, depth of myometrium invasion, and clinical stage).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTEN expression levels of both RNA and protein in patients with endometrial carcinoma and endometrial atypical hyperplasia were significantly lower than those in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and normal endometrium. mRNA relative values were 0.35+/-0.13, 0.46+/-0.11, 2.32+/-0.32, and 2.45+/-0.51, respectively. Loss of PTEN expression rates were 66.67% (38/57), 76.00% (19/25), 5.63% (4/71), and 0 (0/31), respectively. Loss of PTEN expression in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly related to histological classification (P< 0.0001) and differentiation (P=0.0349). It was not related to depth of myometrium invasion and clinical stage(P >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of PTEN expression is an early event in endometrial tumorigenesis. Detection of PTEN protein may be a diagnostic biomarker for the earliest endometrial precancers and adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
authors.forename: Qing-Lei
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yun-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human