title: A new method for studying the adhesion of Candida albicans to dentin in the presence or absence of smear layer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a reproducible, quantitative model of Candida albicans adhesion to human dentin through the use of a colorimetric method and to evaluate the effect of smear layer on candidal adhesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dentin disks with or without smear layer were incubated with C albicans (10(8) cells/mL) for 4 hours. After incubation, the disks were exposed to an (2,3)-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide-coenzyme Q solution for 2 hours. The color of (2,3)-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide formazan in the supernatant was determined spectrophotometrically at 492 nm. To relate formazan formation to cell numbers, standard curves were generated with known numbers of yeast cells without dentin. The number of adherent cells per square millimeter was then calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of attached C albicans cells was 2.4 x 10(4) per square millimeter in dentin with smear layer and 1.5 x 10(4) in dentin without smear layer (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (2,3)-Bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay is a potential microbiologic tool for the quantitative determination of Candida adhesion to human dentin.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif, USA. bhsen@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bilge Hakan
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Nadia M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Chugal
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003124:Colorimetry; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology*; D005562:Formazans; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016369:Smear Layer; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013997:Time Factors; D014451:Ubiquinone
chemical_list: D005562:Formazans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D014451:Ubiquinone; C059088:1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan