title: Effects of smoking opportunity on cue-elicited urge: a facial coding analysis.
abstract: The authors analyzed smokers' facial expressions using the Facial Action Coding System (P. Ekman & W. V. Friesen, 1978) under varyingsmoking opportunity conditions. In Experiment 1, smokers first were told that they either could (told-yes) or could not (told-no) smoke during the study. Told-yes smokers reported higher urges than did told-no smokers. Unexpectedly, told-yes smokers became increasingly likely to manifest expressions related to negative affect and less likely to evince expressions related to positive affect, compared with told-no smokers. In Experiment 2, smokers were more likely to show positive affect-related expressions if the delay was 15 s than if it was 60 s. Craving may be related to both a desire to use and an impatient desire to use immediately.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Psychology.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sayette
authors.affiliation: Dept of Psychology.
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wertz
authors.affiliation: Dept of Psychiatry & Dept of Psychology.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Dept of Psychology.
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.affiliation: Dept of Psychology.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perrott
authors.affiliation: Dept of Psychology.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hobel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003463:Cues; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*