title: [The bonding characteristic of titanium and RG experiment porcelain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the bonding characteristic of Titanium and RG experiment porcelain.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 specimens with a size of 10 mm x 5 mm x 1.4 mm were cast from pure titanium. Then 1 mm of RG experiment opaque and body porcelain were fused on the surface of the titanium specimens. The interface of titanium and porcelain was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope with energy-despersive spectrometry; 6 metal specimens with the size of 25 mm x 3 mm x 0.5 mm were cast from Ni-Cr alloy and a uniform thickness of 1 mm of VMK 99 porcelain was veneered on the central area of 8 mm x 3 mm 18 metal specimens as the same size were cast from pure titanium. The uniform thickness of 1 mm of VITA TITANKERAMIK porcelain, of Noritake super porcelain Ti-22 and of RG experiment porcelain were veneered on every 6 specimens respectively in the central area of 8 mm x 3 mm. The specimens were subjected to a three-point bending test on a load-test machine with a span of 20 mm, then the failure loads were recorded and statistically analysised. The RG porcelain/titanium crown was fabricated by fusing RG opaque porcelain and body porcelain to cast titanium substrate crown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SEM results show no porosity and crackle were found in the interface. The energy-dispersive spectrometry show that there are Si, Ti and O in the 1 micro m layer between porcelain and titanium, which suggesting titanium and experiment porcelain bonding well. The three point test showed the fracture force for the combinations of titanium/VITA TITANKERAMIK porcelain, titanium/Noritake super porcelain Ti-22 and titanium/RG experiment porcelain were (7.233 +/- 2.539) N, (5.533 +/- 1.199) N and (6.316 +/- 1.433) N respectively. There were not statistically significant differences among them (t test, P < 0.01). The fracture force for the Ni-Cr alloy/VMK99 porcelain combination (12.733 +/- 3.297) N was significantly greater than those of the cast titanium/porcelain (t test, P > 0.05). The crown was translucent with no crack.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RG porcelain is well compatible with titanium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Hospital for Stomatology, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Wei-hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Tian-wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jie-mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yun-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D014025:Titanium