title: Lupus nephritis: current issues.
abstract: Despite the development of new modalities, cyclophosphamide (CYC) remains the preferred initial treatment for severe proliferative lupus nephritis. Controversies continue about the best route, dosage, and duration of CYC treatment. For recalcitrant disease, new immunosuppressive and immunomodulating agents, immunoablative high dose CYC, nucleoside analogues, apheresis, and the biological response modifiers can be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Mavragani
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Moutsopoulos
mesh_terms: D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide