title: Transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic measurement of left atrial appendage blood flow velocity: comparison with transoesophageal measurement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We validated transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of left atrial appendage flow velocity by comparing them with transoesophageal echocardiographic measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four consecutive patients (mean age, 64.6 years) with various cardiac diseases, who underwent both transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography were studied. Thirty-two patients were in sinus rhythm, and the remaining 52 patients were in atrial fibrillation. On transthoracic echocardiography, the transducer was placed somewhat superior and outside from the position viewing the conventional parasternal short-axis image of the aortic valve, so that the angle between left atrial appendage midline and Doppler beam could be narrowed. The left atrial appendage flow velocity pattern was recorded by pulsed Doppler mode with a sampling volume placed at the left atrial appendage orifice on both transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography. In both approaches, the peak emptying velocity (LAA-E) and the peak filling velocity (LAA-F) of the left atrial appendage were measured. In sinus rhythm, the LAA-E was detectable in 25 of the 32 patients (78.1%) and the LAA-F in 20 of the 32 patients (62.5%). Both LAA-E and LAA-F were detectable in 46 of the 52 patients (88.5%) in atrial fibrillation. Good correlations of LAA-E and LAA-F were observed between transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography measurements in sinus rhythm (r=0.94, r=0.95, respectively; both, P<0.0001) and in atrial fibrillation (r=0.89, r=0.95, respectively; both, P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The left atrial appendage flow velocities could be sufficiently recorded and assessed by transthoracic echocardiography in 84 Japanese unselected consecutive patients with sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, National Zentsuji Hospital, Zentsuji City, Kagawa, Japan. nfukuda@jun.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onose
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013223:Statistics as Topic