title: A fatal paramethoxymethamphetamine intoxication.
abstract: During the last years in Germany a marked increase in the use of amphetamines such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) has been observed. The use of these recreational drugs is especially common among young people participating in rave parties. Occasionally ring-methoxylated phenethylamine derivatives like paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) or paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) are found in street drugs offered as ecstasy. These compounds exhibit a higher toxicity than the methylenedioxyamphetamine derivatives. We report on the death of a 22-year-old man after the ingestion of ecstasy pills containing PMMA and PMA. The PMMA concentration in femoral blood was 0.85 mg/l. Besides PMA (0.61 mg/l), amphetamine (0.21 mg/l), benzoylecgonine (<0.01 mg/l) and ethanol (0.46 per thousand ) were found in the blood. The case reflects the well-known fact that street drugs offered as ecstasy pills contain not necessarily MDMA but frequently differ in composition even if they have the same logo. Users of these pills therefore always take the risk of consuming pills with dangerous life-threatening ingredients. In many laboratories paramethoxyamphetamines are not detectable in routine analytical procedures. If the cause of an intoxication cannot be discovered by analytical routine methods, rarely occurring designer drugs such as PMA or PMMA should also be kept in mind.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Legal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Am Pulverturm 3, 55131 Mainz, Germany. jbecker@mail.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neis
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Röhrich
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zörntlein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D000662:Amphetamines; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D013287:Illicit Drugs; C106885:paramethoxymethamphetamine; D000431:Ethanol; D008694:Methamphetamine; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D000661:Amphetamine; D003042:Cocaine; C100230:4-methoxyamphetamine