title: Human periodontal ligament cell responses to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with and without bone allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been found to promote the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Its effect depends on the delivery system used. In this study we examined the effect of rhBMP-2 on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells cultured alone or with 3 different bone allografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rhBMP-2 effect on cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation was examined by measuring [3H] thymidine incorporation and ALPase activity, respectively, on human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Two human demineralized freeze-dried allografts of cortical (DFDBAco) and cancellous (DFBDAca) bone origin and 1 non-demineralized freeze-dried allograft (FDBA) of cancellous bone origin, derived from different tissue banks, were used to evaluate the rhBMP-2 effect on cell osteoblastic differentiation. The measurements were taken on various days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rhBMP-2 decreased hPDL cell proliferation. rhBMP-2 acted on the third day of the process of cell differentiation, had a specific time of action, achieved its peak effect on the fourth and fifth days, and then did not provoke any further effects. The 3 bone allografts were efficiently combined with rhBMP-2. The combination of rhBMP-2 and DFDBAco showed the effect with the longest duration. rhBMP-2, on day 4, made the inactive bone allograft more active while, on the other days, its effect was dependent on the allograft alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rhBMP-2 promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells and decreases cell proliferation. In this study rhBMP-2 in the presence of the bone allografts tested resulted in hPDL cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, University of Athens Dental School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Markopoulou
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vrotsos
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Vavouraki
authors.forename: X E
authors.initials: XE
authors.lastname: Dereka
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Mantzavinos
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004247:DNA; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D013936:Thymidine