title: Coping with everyday stress and links to medical and psychosocial adaptation in diabetic adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study coping with everyday stressors in a longitudinal sample of 98 adolescents with insulin-dependent mellitus (type 1) diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The adolescents with type 1 diabetes were classified into three homogeneous groups of metabolic control by latent class analysis, based on annual tests of hemoglobin A1 values. Questionnaires assessing frequent minor stressors as well as ways of coping with these stressors were given annually over the course of 4 years. Latent class analysis revealed three distinctive groups of metabolic control over time. Adolescents who exhibited continuously poor, satisfactory, and good metabolic control. Eighty percent of the adolescents stayed in the group assigned to them over the 4-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with stable good metabolic control were characterized by lower levels of minor stressors that decreased over time, but those with stable satisfactory and poor metabolic control experienced continuously higher stress levels. Adolescents with stably good metabolic control also employed less avoidant coping in dealing with minor stressors, compared with the two other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the danger of long-term complications, it is important to discriminate among different groups of metabolic control over time. Further, the impact of non-illness-related minor stressors on metabolic control should be considered for prevention purposes.
authors.affiliation: University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany. seiffge@psych.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seiffge-Krenke
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stemmler
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires