title: Biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacy of doxorubicin loaded glycol-chitosan nanoaggregates by EPR effect.
abstract: An in vivo tumor targeting test of glycol-chitosan nanoaggregates was carried out with FITC-conjugated glycol-chitosan nanoaggregates (FTC-GC) and the doxorubicin conjugated glycol-chitosan (GC-DOX). To investigate its biodistribution in tumor-bearing rats, glycol-chitosan was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), which formed nanoaggregates with a diameter of about 250 nm in aqueous media. GC-DOX nanoaggregates containing acid-sensitive spacers were prepared. The GC-DOX formed micelle-like nanoaggregates spontaneously in aqueous media. GC-DOX nanoaggregates had a narrow and unimodal size distribution, and its hydrodynamic diameter measured by dynamic light scattering ranged from 250 to 300 nm. A loading content of doxorubicin into GC-DOX nanoaggregates as high as 38%, with 97% loading efficiency, could be obtained using a physical entrapment method. A tumor-bearing animal model was developed by inoculating tumor cells into the back of a rat. The FTC-GC nanoaggregates were injected into the tail vein of tumor-bearing rats and their tissue distribution was examined. The FTC-GC nanoaggregates were distributed mainly in kidney, tumor and the liver and were scarcely observed in other tissues. They were maintained at a high level for 8 days and their distribution in tumor tissues increased gradually. This suggests that chitosan nanoaggregates accumulate passively in the tumor tissue due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Doxorubicin loaded GC-DOX nanoaggregates (DOX/GC-DOX) were injected into the tail vein of tumor-bearing rats and their anti-tumor effect was examined. Tumor growth was suppressed over 10 days.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolkok-dong, Sungbuk-ku, 136-791, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoen Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Jin-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Yong Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hesson
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Rang-Won
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ick Chan
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: In-San
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Chong Rae
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006018:Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D005079:Excipients; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006018:Glycols; D002686:Chitin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D048271:Chitosan; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate