title: Cost-effectiveness of serotesting compared with universal immunization for varicella in refugee children from six geographic regions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unknown whether it is more cost-effective to test for varicella antibody or to immunize without testing in immigrant populations. The reliability of history of varicella disease is also unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalences of varicella antibody in immigrant children from six regions of the world were used in a cost-effectiveness model to calculate the antibody prevalence above which it is more cost-effective to test rather than to immunize. History of varicella disease was obtained from chart review. We calculated the positive and negative predictive values of varicella history by age group and region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of varicella antibody above which it is more cost-effective to test than to immunize was 34% for children less than 13 years old and 17% for those aged 13 years and older. Overall, the positive predictive value of varicella history was 93-100% and the negative predictive value of varicella history was 28-66% among the six geographic regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunization without serotesting was cost-effective in children <5 years of age. Testing prior to immunization was cost-effective in children 5 years of age and older. History of varicella was a good predictor of the presence of antibody to varicella, whereas a negative history was a poor predictor of the absence of antibody to varicella.
authors.affiliation: Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.forename: Demian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Barnett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000351:Africa, Eastern / Q000208:ethnology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007493:Iraq / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000191:economics*; D015995:Prevalence; D012036:Refugees; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000191:economics*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology; D015022:Yugoslavia / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral