title: Reproductive factors and ovarian cancer risk in Jewish BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether oral contraceptive (OC) use, childbearing, breastfeeding and tubal ligation differ between ovarian cancer cases with and without a BRCA1/2 mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-only study of 242 Jewish women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Women were genotyped for three Ashkenazi founder mutations (185delAG and 5382insC in BRCA1 and 6174delT in BRCA2). We obtained data on OC use, childbearing, breastfeeding, gynecologic surgeries and other reproductive factors from each woman. We compared the frequencies of these risk factors in carriers and non-carriers using unconditional logistic-regression, controlling for other covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 242 cases, 64 (26.4%) carried one of the BRCA1 founder mutations, and 31 (12.8%) carried the BRCA2 mutation. Although there were no differences in the percent of nulliparous women between carriers and non-carriers, parous BRCA1 carriers reported fewer live births than non-carriers (average of 2.1 versus 2.5 live births, OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.95, adjusted for age at diagnosis, tubal ligation and duration of OC use). Carriers and non-carriers did not differ in their history of breastfeeding, or in their lifetime use of OCs. BRCA1 carriers were more likely than non-carriers to have had a tubal ligation (25.0 versus 10.2%, OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.55-8.70, adjusted for age at diagnosis, number of live births and OC duration).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, OC use, childbearing and breastfeeding do not differ between BRCA1/2 carriers and non-carriers with ovarian cancer. However, the effects of tubal ligation may differ between BRCA1 carriers and non-carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. fm@cs.cmu.edu
authors.forename: Francesmary
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Modugno
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moslehi
authors.forename: Roberta B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: Deborah Brooks
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belle
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Aimee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wonderlick
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karlan
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Narod
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral