title: Mutagenic activity and heterocyclic amine carcinogens in commercial pet foods.
abstract: Twenty-five commercial pet foods were analyzed for mutagenic activity using the Ames/Salmonella test with strain TA98 and added metabolic activation. All but one gave a positive mutagenic response. Fourteen of these samples were analyzed for heterocyclic amine mutagens/carcinogens and all but one contained 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 10 of 14 contained 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) as analyzed by HPLC and confirmed by photodiode array peak matching. From these findings it is hypothesized that there is a connection between dietary heterocyclic amines and cancer in animals consuming these foods.
authors.affiliation: Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. knizel@llml.gov
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Knize
authors.forename: Cynthia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Felton
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002273:Carcinogens; D005504:Food Analysis; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002273:Carcinogens; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; D011810:Quinoxalines; C036990:2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine