title: Molecular sensors of estrogen receptor conformations and dynamics.
abstract: The ligand-induced conformation of a nuclear receptor ligand-binding domain (LBD) is a principal factor leading to transcriptional activity and determining the pharmacological response. Using the estrogen receptor (ER) LBD-labeled site specifically with a fluorophore, we demonstrate that effects of ligand binding on the conformation and dynamics of this domain can be studied directly, in a quantitative and convenient fashion, by various fluorescence methods. Estrogen ligands of different pharmacological character-agonists, selective ER modulators (SERMs), and pure antagonists-each produce distinctive spectroscopic signatures, characteristic of the conformational or dynamic features of their ER-LBD complexes. We can directly follow the equilibrium of helix 12 positions through the degree of local fluorophore rotational freedom and receptor helicity near the C terminus of helix 11. We observe differences even between ligands within a specific pharmacological class, such as the SERMs raloxifene and trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen, highlighting the ability of these fluorescent receptor sensors to detect unique ER conformations induced even by closely related ligands, yet ones that produce distinctive biological activities in estrogen target cells. Fluorophore-labeled LBDs can serve as versatile molecular sensors predictive of ligand pharmacological character and should be broadly applicable to other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Anobel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamrazi
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Katzenellenbogen
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D019281:Dimerization; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D008024:Ligands; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011994:Recombinant Proteins