title: Bacterial LPS and CpG DNA differentially induce gene expression profiles in mouse macrophages.
abstract: Bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNA) is a potent immune stimulating agent that holds strong promise in the treatment of many disorders. Studies have established that CpG DNA triggers an immune response through activated expression of genes in immune cells including macrophages. To dissect further the molecular mechanism(s) by which CpG DNA activates the immune system, we studied macrophage gene expression profiles in response to CpG DNA using microarray technology. Since CpG DNA is reported to use the TLR9 receptor that shares homology with the TLR4 receptor used by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we also evaluated gene expression profiles in macrophages stimulated by LPS versus CpG DNA. Both CpG DNA and LPS modulate expression of a large array of genes. However, LPS modulated the expression of a much greater number of genes than did CpG DNA and all genes induced or repressed by CpG DNA were also induced or repressed by LPS. These data indicate that the CpG DNA signaling pathway through TLR9 activates only a subset of genes induced by the LPS TLR4 signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. gaoj@umkc.edu
authors.forename: Jian Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diesl
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Stefanie N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Maximillian T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Follettie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9
chemical_list: C472452:CpG-DNA, E coli; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495370:Tlr9 protein, mouse; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9