title: Energy use by biological protein transport pathways.
abstract: The targeting of proteins into and across biological membranes to their correct cellular locations is mediated by a variety of transport pathways. These systems must couple the thermodynamically unfavorable processes of substrate translocation and integration with the expenditure of metabolic energy, using the free energy of ATP and GTP hydrolysis and/or a transmembrane protonmotive force. Several recent advances in our knowledge of the structure and function of these transport systems have provided insights into the mechanisms of energy transduction, force generation and energy use by different protein transport pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Alder
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Theg
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases