title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Parkinson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce dopaminergic neuron degeneration in animal models of Parkinson disease (PD). However, no epidemiological data have been available on NSAID use and the risk of PD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate prospectively whether the use of nonaspirin NSAIDs or aspirin is associated with decreased PD risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohorts of 44 057 men and 98 845 women free of PD, stroke, or cancer (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986-2000, and Nurses' Health Study, 1980-1998). Main Outcome Measure Newly diagnosed PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We documented 415 incident PD cases (236 men and 179 women). Participants who reported regular use of nonaspirin NSAIDs at the beginning of the study had a lower risk of PD than nonregular users during the follow-up; the pooled multivariate relative risk was 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.96, P =.04). Compared with nonusers, a nonsignificantly lower risk of PD was also observed among men and women who took 2 or more tablets of aspirin per day (relative risk, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-1.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that use of NSAIDs may delay or prevent the onset of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. hchen@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shumin M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hernán
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schwarzschild
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: Frank E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Speizer
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ascherio
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D001241:Aspirin