title: Auditory processing of spectral cues for sound localization in the inferior colliculus.
abstract: The head-related transfer function (HRTF) of the cat adds directionally dependent energy minima to the amplitude spectrum of complex sounds. These spectral notches are a principal cue for the localization of sound source elevation. Physiological evidence suggests that the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) plays a critical role in the brainstem processing of this directional feature. Type O units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) are a primary target of ascending DCN projections and, therefore, may represent midbrain specializations for the auditory processing of spectral cues for sound localization. Behavioral studies confirm a loss of sound orientation accuracy when DCN projections to the inferior colliculus are surgically lesioned. This study used simple analogs of HRTF notches to characterize single-unit response patterns in the ICC of decerebrate cats that may contribute to the directional sensitivity of the brain's spectral processing pathways. Manipulations of notch frequency and bandwidth demonstrated frequency-specific excitatory responses that have the capacity to encode HRTF-based cues for sound source location. These response patterns were limited to type O units in the ICC and have not been observed for the projection neurons of the DCN. The unique spectral integration properties of type O units suggest that DCN influences are transformed into a more selective representation of sound source location by a local convergence of wideband excitatory and frequency-tuned inhibitory inputs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Ramnarayan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: Bradford J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D017626:Cochlear Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D003655:Decerebrate State; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007245:Inferior Colliculi / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018756:GABA Antagonists; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D001640:Bicuculline