title: Enhanced infectivity of HIV-1 by X4 HIV-1 coinfection.
abstract: Two strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expressing different reporters, human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and murine heat stable antigen (HSA, CD24), were used for dual infection. Flow cytometric analysis enabled us to distinguish cells not only infected with individual reporter virus but also superinfected with both reporter viruses. When the CD4 positive T cell line, PM1, was dually infected by both reporter viruses with different coreceptor utilization, coinfection with CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 (X4 HIV-1) expressing one reporter increased the rate of cells infected with HIV-1 expressing another reporter. This enhancement was accompanied by an increased level of p24 antigen Gag in culture supernatant, indicating that infectivity of HIV-1 was augmented by X4 HIV-1 coinfection. The CXCR4 antagonist, T140 eliminated this enhancement, suggesting the role of X4 envelope via CXCR4. These results imply the role of X4 HIV-1 at the late stage of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. ymaeda@kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yusa
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051927:CD24 Antigen; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051927:CD24 Antigen; C497889:CD24 protein, human; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase