title: Energy requirements of non-ambulatory, tube-fed adult patients with cerebral palsy and chronic hypothermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the energy requirements of non-ambulatory patients with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities and chronic hypothermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adult patients with a permanent ostomy for tube feeding were studied. Otic temperature was taken before the indirect calorimetry measurements. Prescribed tube-feeding intake and nutrient prescription changes were evaluated for 4 y for each patient. Monthly body weights and periodic anthropometric body fat assessments were measured for assessment of the need for weight gain, loss, or maintenance. The prescribed caloric intake was compared with the measured energy expenditure when normothermic, the Harris-Benedict equations, and the Arlington Developmental Center equation for non-ambulatory adult patients with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities (estimated resting energy expenditure [kcal/d] = [22.3 x fat-free mass [kg]] - [9.4 x age [y]] + 557).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean energy expenditure was 783 +/- 81 kcal/d or 29.0 +/- 10.9 kcal. kg(-1)d(-1) when normothermic versus 606 +/- 11 kcal/d or 19.5 +/- 8.5 kcal. kg(-1)d(-1) (P < 0.05) when hypothermic (36.9 degrees C +/- 0.4 versus 35.5 degrees C +/- 0.4; P < 0.02), respectively. Prescribed caloric intakes to achieve weight gain, maintenance and loss were 138 +/- 13%, 105 +/- 15%, and 74 +/- 11% of the measured energy expenditure when normothermic (P < 0.001); 107 +/- 19%, 86 +/- 18%, and 56 +/- 3% of the Harris-Benedict equations (P < 0.02); or 130 +/- 23%, 100 +/- 19%, and 75 +/- 11% of the Arlington Developmental Center equation (P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measured energy expenditure when the patient is normothermic significantly overestimated actual caloric needs. The energy intake necessary to achieve desired weight changes are restrictive when compared with the basal energy expenditure, Arlington Developmental Center equation, or measured energy expenditure when normothermic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Arlington, Tennessee 38163, USA. rdickerson@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Roland N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: Rex O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010101:Oxygen Consumption