title: Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the neuroprotective activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 by cisplatin.
abstract: Neurons are exposed to damaging stimuli that can trigger cell death and subsequently cause serious neurological disorders. Therefore, it is important to define defense mechanisms that can be activated in response to damage to reduce neuronal loss. Here we report that cisplatin (CPDD), a neurotoxic anticancer drug that damages DNA, triggered apoptosis and activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in cultured rat cortical neurons. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation using either pharmacological inhibitors or a dominant-negative mutant of the ERK1/2 activator, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1, increased the toxicity of CPDD. Interestingly, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) antagonists reduced the ERK1/2 activation and exacerbated apoptosis in CPDD-treated neurons. Pre-treatment with CPDD increased ERK1/2 activation triggered by exogenous NMDA, suggesting that CPDD augmented NMDAR responsiveness. CPDD-enhanced response of NMDAR and CPDD-mediated ERK1/2 activation were both decreased by inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Interestingly, PARP activation did not produce ATP depletion, suggesting involvement of a non-energetic mechanism in NMDAR regulation by PARP. Finally, CPDD toxicity was reduced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and this protection required ERK1/2. In summary, our data identify a novel compensatory circuit in central nervous system neurons that couples the DNA injury, through PARP and NMDAR, to the defensive ERK1/2 activation.
authors.affiliation: Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gozdz
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Habas
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zielinska
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chlystun
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jalili
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hetman
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020169:Caspases; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002945:Cisplatin; D005998:Glycine