title: Cross-infection and the use and decontamination of placebo inhalers.
abstract: Historically, inhaled placebos have been provided by pharmaceutical companies and have been widely used by nurses both in primary and secondary care to teach respiratory patients how to use prescribed inhaled therapy. Over recent years, the author of this article has had concerns about the potential risk of cross-infection as a result of reusing placebos with disposable mouthpieces. This concern has been heightened by the lack of verbal and written guidance from the pharmaceutical companies that provide these placebos. There are no recognized protocols or guidelines on the most effective cleaning methods that would minimize or prevent cross-infection. The cleaning of large volume spacers, which are used to enhance a patient's inhaler technique, are particularly problematic as it is not possible to use a disposable mouthpiece with this device. In response to this problem, a cross-sectional, multicentre, regional audit was designed to identify the decontamination process adopted by nurses working in the fields of respiratory care and infection control. The audit outcome confirmed that nurses were using a number of different cleaning methods, with no sound evidence base to support their chosen methods of decontamination. This is an issue that requires further investigation and clarification if nurses are to continue assessing patients' techniques with inhaled devices.
authors.affiliation: Pennine Acute NHS Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clancy
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000382:microbiology*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017743:Equipment Reuse / Q000592:standards; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000382:microbiology*; D009720:Nurse Clinicians; D009731:Nursing Audit; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010919:Placebos; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013664:Teaching Materials
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos