title: [Chronic back pain: more than pain in the back. Findings of a regional survey among insurees of a workers pension insurance fund].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surveys with a main focus on back pain tend to isolate the complaint from possibly concomitant pains, other symptoms and disorders. Severe chronic back pain is assumed here to imply more than pain in the back.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report results from a two stage survey conducted in 1998 - 2000. The initial postal questionnaire addressed all 10,000 actively employed blue collar workers from a regional pension fund (Landesversicherungsanstalt Schleswig-Holstein) aged 40 - 54 and residing in or around Luebeck/Germany (68 % males). Subjects reporting severe and disabling back pain were invited to a socio-medical examination. The response and participation rates were 58 % and 65 % respectively. Non-response and non-participation seem to result in minor though opposite, effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of current back pain (back pain of any severity within the past 7 days) is high (68 %; including 16 % with severe, disabling back pain) despite the preponderance of males and a probable healthy worker effect. 82 % of subjects participating in the second round reported recurrent or persisting back pain on the day of examination, in the majority with a chronic fluctuating and overall deteriorating course pattern. 18 % reported no current back pain and hence gave prospective (and additionally retrospective) evidence of an episodic-intermittent course of the disorder. The former group showed significantly more pains, bodily complaints, dysfunctional cognitions, emotional distress and concomitant disorders. 35 % of them indicated back pain as their dominant health problem; 49 % identified back pain and another disorder as dominant, and 16 % reported other prominent health problems. More than 70 % of "other" disorders originated from the musculoskeletal system often involving the extremities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Back pain is very common among blue collar workers. Severe disabling back pain is usually associated with numerous other pains, bodily complaints, disorders, and indicators of psychological distress ("amplified back pain"). However, even amplified back pain is not always the sole or dominant health problem. Assessing the degree of "amplification" seems helpful in splitting a previously homogeneous group of severely affected back pain sufferers-with possible prognostic and therapeutic consequences.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Sozialmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck. angelica.raspe@sozmed.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raspe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matthis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Héon-Klin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raspe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D015989:Healthy Worker Effect; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018868:Insurance, Disability / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*