title: Clonal vaccinia virus grown in cell culture as a new smallpox vaccine.
abstract: Although the smallpox virus was eradicated over 20 years ago, its potential release through bioterrorism has generated renewed interest in vaccination. To develop a modern smallpox vaccine, we have adapted vaccinia virus that was derived from the existing Dryvax vaccine for growth in a human diploid cell line. We characterized six cloned and one uncloned vaccine candidates. One clone, designated ACAM1000, was chosen for development based on its comparability to Dryvax when tested in mice, rabbits and monkeys for virulence and immunogenicity. By most measures, ACAM1000 was less virulent than Dryvax. We compared ACAM1000 and Dryvax in a randomized, double-blind human clinical study. The vaccines were equivalent in their ability to produce major cutaneous reactions ('takes') and to induce neutralizing antibody and cell-mediated immunity against vaccinia virus.
authors.affiliation: Acambis Inc., 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. richard.weltzin@acambis.com
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weltzin
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Konstantin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Pugachev
authors.forename: Gwendolyn A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Brie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Casey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Monath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023482:Bioterrorism; D002460:Cell Line / Q000821:virology; D002999:Clone Cells; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011817:Rabbits; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014776:Virus Cultivation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C078786:DryVax vaccine; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine