title: Constitutive cytoplasmic localization of p21(Waf1/Cip1) affects the apoptotic process in monocytic leukaemia.
abstract: In the present study, we analysed the expression and localization of p21(Waf1/Cip1) in normal and malignant haematopoietic cells. We demonstrate that in normal monocytic cells, protein kinase C (PKC)-induced p21 gene activation, which is nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) independent, results in predominantly cytoplasmic localized p21 protein. In acute monocytic leukaemia (M4, M5), monocytic blasts (N=12) show constitutive cytoplasmic p21 expression in 75% of the cases, while in myeloid leukaemic blasts (N=10), low nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of p21 could be detected, which is also PKC dependent. Constitutive p21 expression in monocytic leukaemia might have important antiapoptotic functions. This is supported by the finding that in U937 cells overexpressing p21, VP16-induced apoptosis is significantly reduced (20.0+/-0.9 vs 55.8+/-3.8%, P<0.01, N=5), reflected by a reduced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Similarly, AML blasts with high cytoplasmic p21 were less sensitive to VP16-induced apoptosis as compared to AML cases with low or undetectable p21 expression (42.25 vs 12.3%, P<0.01). Moreover, complex formation between p21 and ASK1 could be demonstrated in AML cells, by means of coimmunoprecipitation. In summary, these results indicate that p21 has an antiapoptotic role in monocytic leukaemia, and that p21 expression is regulated in a PKC-dependent and NF-kappaB-independent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schepers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geugien
authors.forename: B J L
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Eggen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vellenga
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D001752:Blast Crisis / Q000473:pathology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010617:Phenanthridines; C016299:chelerythrine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate