title: Deficient attentional modulation of the startle response in patients with schizotypal personality disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attentional deficits have been identified as an abnormality that individuals with schizotypal personality disorder share with schizophrenia patients. The purpose of this study was to examine automatic sensorimotor gating and controlled attentional modulation of the startle eye blink response in unmedicated subjects with schizotypal personality disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen unmedicated patients with schizotypal personality disorder and 16 healthy individuals were assessed in an acoustic attention-to-prepulse paradigm. The participants performed a selective attention task involving the presentation of attended, ignored, and novel tones that served as prepulse tones. Acoustic startle probes were presented at short and long lead intervals after the onset of tones and occasionally during the intertone interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparison subjects showed greater prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation during the attended than the ignored prepulses, demonstrating early and later attentional modulation of startle eye blink response. In contrast, the subjects with schizotypal personality disorder failed to show this pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with schizotypal personality disorder have deficits in controlled attentional processing, as indexed by modification of the startle eye blink response, that are similar to those observed in patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1505, New York, NY 10029, USA. erin.hazlett@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Erin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Monte S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sevin
authors.forename: Liza A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Maldari
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Siever
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology