title: Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of 115 patients with hepatic hemangioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic hemangiomas are congenital vascular malformations and are the most common benign hepatic tumors. Because the use of cross-sectional imaging has increased, benign hepatic tumors, especially hemangiomas, are encountered more frequently, so clinicians should be familiar with the most appropriate diagnostic tests, management, and outcomes of patients with hepatic hemangioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with a primary diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma referred for surgical evaluation at our institution between January 1992 and December 2000 were identified from a prospective database. Demographics, presentation, tumor characteristics, diagnostic studies, surgical procedures, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS; Of 115 patients in the study, nearly half were asymptomatic. In symptomatic patients, abdominal pain or discomfort was the most common presenting symptom. At our institution, the diagnosis of hemangioma was established by ultrasonographic studies in 57% of patients tested, by CT scan in 73%, and by MRI in 84%. In patients with large tumors considered for resection, direct angiography or, more recently, CT angiography, confirmed the diagnosis in 27 of 29 patients (93%). Enucleation was performed in 31 (60%) of the 52 patients who underwent surgical resection; 63 patients were observed. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (25%), and there were no perioperative deaths. Of the patients with symptoms before resection, 96% had resolution of symptoms after operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic hemangioma can be diagnosed in most patients using noninvasive studies, particularly MRI. Hepatic hemangiomas can be removed safely if patients become symptomatic or when malignancy cannot be excluded. CT angiography can be a valuable preoperative study in patients with large tumors, and enucleation is the procedure of choice. In asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients, hepatic hemangiomas usually have a benign course and can be observed.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Caleb K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Charny
authors.forename: Yuman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jarnagin
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Leslie H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Blumgart
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: DeMatteo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome