title: Exploring doctor and patient views about risk communication and shared decision-making in the consultation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been significant conceptual developments regarding shared decision-making (SDM) and assessments of people's hypothetical preferences for involvement in treatment or care decisions. There are few data on the perceptions of patients and professionals about SDM in actual practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore, from paired doctor-patient interviews, participants' perceptions of SDM in the consultation and the level of consensus between the participants in the consultation process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interview data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty general practitioners received training packages in 'risk communication' (RC) and 'SDM' to use as tools within the consultation. Forty patients with one of four conditions, for which a range of treatment options is available, were selected. Patient/doctor pairs were interviewed separately following consultations at four stages -'baseline' [general practitioner's (GP) usual consultation style], SDM training, RC alone, and both RC and SDM training. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using NVivo software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk communication interventions by doctors appeared to result in a greater perception of decisions being made in the consultation. High levels of satisfaction with consultations were evident before application of the interventions and did not change after the interventions. Doctors' and patients' perceptions of the consultations were highly congruent at all phases of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shared decision-making and RC approaches were helpful in selected consultations and showed no detrimental effects to patients. However, the use of RC and SDM made only small differences to decision-making in consultations within the population studied. Increasing patient participation may be seen as more ethically justifiable than the traditional paternalistic approach but this needs to be set against the additional training costs incurred.
authors.affiliation: School of Care Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, UK. redavis@glam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mead
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nehammer
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moseley
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elwyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018570:Risk Assessment; D006113:United Kingdom