Adenomyosis: MRI of the uterus treated with uterine artery embolization.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the MRI features seen after uterine artery embolization and to evaluate the clinical response in patients with adenomyosis.


METHODS
Thirty women with adenomyosis underwent uterine artery embolization and follow-up MRI for 1 year. Of the 30, 27 patients were diagnosed with uterine fibroids and adenomyosis on the basis of MRI before uterine artery embolization. In six of the 27 patients, the dominant disease was adenomyosis. Three of the 30 patients had adenomyosis alone. The distribution, thickness, and enhancement of adenomyosis were analyzed in each patient. Patients completed a symptom questionnaire.


RESULTS
After uterine artery embolization, the junctional zone-myometrial ratio did not change significantly. There were regions of devascularization of adenomyosis on contrast-enhanced images in 12 patients, all with a junctional zone thickness before uterine artery embolization of more than 20 mm (mean thickness, 39.2 mm). Eleven of the 12 patients had focal or asymmetric distribution patterns of adenomyosis. All three patients with pure adenomyosis and all six patients with dominant adenomyosis reported an improvement in symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients treated with uterine artery embolization, MRI shows changes in areas of adenomyosis with a decrease in junctional zone vascularity in patients with thickening of the junctional zone greater than 20 mm. Devascularization may be related to the distribution of adenomyosis. The presence of adenomyosis should not be used as a contraindication to uterine artery embolization because most patients show clinical improvement after undergoing this procedure.
Jha
Reena C
RC
Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd. N.W., Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Takahama
Junko
J
Imaoka
Izumi
I
Korangy
Shahin J
SJ
Spies
James B
JB
Cooper
Cirrelda
C
Ascher
Susan M
SM
D000328:Adult; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*
D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol