title: Neurophysiological study of corticomotor pathways in restless legs syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the variations in cerebral motor excitability in patients with primary restless legs syndrome (RLS) by using electrophysiological techniques. In RLS patients periodic legs movements (PLMs) in sleep and wake have been described and it is hypothesised that PLMs result from a sleep-related disinhibition of descending central motor inhibitory pathways. Moreover, in primary RLS, these modifications are still debated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 15 patients with primary RLS, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was carried out using several paradigms, particularly paired pulse TMS with short interstimulus intervals (ISI) in abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short ISI paired TMS showed a significant decrease in inhibition and increase in facilitation in ADM muscles. This result was even more evident in TA muscles of patients as compared to the controls and these modifications were more evident in the limbs which were more affected by PLM. Moreover, intracortical (corticocortical) inhibition (ICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) unchanged their biphasic time course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study the changes in short paired-pulse ICI and ICF revealed the presence of an altered excitability of central motor pathways, with good correlation with asymmetric distribution of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, S. Anna Hospital, University of Ferrara, C.so Giovecca, 203 I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. quatrale@iol.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quatrale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manconi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gastaldo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eleopra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tugnoli
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tola
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Granieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004056:Differential Threshold; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; C001443:Immobilizine