title: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, expression, and targeting in cells of the cardiovascular system.
abstract: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cGMP regulate a myriad of cellular functions, such as metabolism, contractility, motility, and transcription in virtually all cell types, including those of the cardiovascular system. Considerable effort over the last 20 years has allowed identification of the cellular components involved in the synthesis of cyclic nucleotides, as well as effectors of cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling. More recently, a central role for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) has also been elaborated in many cell types, including those involved in regulating the activities of the cardiovascular system. In this review, we introduce the PDE families whose members are expressed in cells of the cardiovascular system including cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Because cell behavior is a dynamic process influenced by numerous factors, we will attempt to emphasize how changes in the activity, expression, and targeting of PDE influence cyclic nucleotide-mediated regulation of the behavior of these cells.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Career Investigator, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Botterell Hall, A215, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6. mauriced@post.queensu.ca
authors.forename: Donald H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Maurice
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tilley
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Dunkerley
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Netherton
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Hisham S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Elbatarny
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jimmo
mesh_terms: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases