title: Differential voltage-dependent K+ channel responses during proliferation and activation in macrophages.
abstract: Voltage-dependent K+ channels (VDPC) are expressed in most mammalian cells and involved in the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes. However, the role of VDPC in macrophage responses is not well established. This study was undertaken to characterize VDPC in macrophages and determine their physiological role during proliferation and activation. Macrophages proliferate until an endotoxic shock halts cell growth and they become activated. By inducing a schedule that is similar to the physiological pattern, we have identified the VDPC in non-transformed bone marrow-derived macrophages and studied their regulation. Patch clamp studies demonstrated that cells expressed outward delayed and inwardly rectifying K+ currents. Pharmacological data, mRNA, and protein analysis suggest that these currents were mainly mediated by Kv1.3 and Kir2.1 channels. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent proliferation induced both channels. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation differentially regulated VDPC expression. While Kv1.3 was further induced, Kir2.1 was down-regulated. TNF-alpha mimicked LPS effects, and studies with TNF-alpha receptor I/II double knockout mice demonstrated that LPS regulation mediates such expression by TNF-alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. This modulation was dependent on mRNA and protein synthesis. In addition, bone marrow-derived macrophages expressed Kv1.5 mRNA with no apparent regulation. VDPC activities seem to play a critical role during proliferation and activation because not only cell growth, but also inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression were inhibited by blocking their activities. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the differential regulation of VDPC is crucial in intracellular signals determining the specific macrophage response.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escalada
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coma
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Tilló
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Iglesias
authors.forename: Concepció
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solsona
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celada
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Felipe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051664:Kv1.3 Potassium Channel; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000096:biosynthesis; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C496974:Kcna3 protein, mouse; D051664:Kv1.3 Potassium Channel; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor