title: Corticothalamic modulation during absence seizures in rats: a functional MRI assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify areas of brain activation during absence seizures in an awake animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI in the brain was measured by using T2*-weighted echo planar imaging at 4.7 Tesla. BOLD imaging was performed before, during, and after absence seizure induction by using gamma-butyrolactone (GBL; 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The corticothalamic circuitry, critical for spike-wave discharge (SWD) formation in absence seizure, showed robust BOLD signal changes after GBL administration, consistent with EEG recordings in the same animals. Predominantly positive BOLD changes occurred in the thalamus. Sensory and parietal cortices showed mixed positive and negative BOLD changes, whereas temporal and motor cortices showed only negative BOLD changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the BOLD fMRI technique, we demonstrated signal changes in brain areas that have been shown, with electrophysiology experiments, to be important for generating and maintaining the SWDs that characterize absence seizures. These results corroborate previous findings from lesion and electrophysiological experiments and show the technical feasibility of noninvasively imaging absence seizures in fully conscious rodents.
authors.affiliation: Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA. jeffrey.tenney@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Tenney
authors.forename: Timothy Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Jean A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Craig F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ferris
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology