Comparison of individual and combination DNA vaccines for B. anthracis, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
Multiagent DNA vaccines for highly pathogenic organisms offer an attractive approach for preventing naturally occurring or deliberately introduced diseases. Few animal studies have compared the feasibility of combining unrelated gene vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that DNA vaccines to four dissimilar pathogens that are known biowarfare agents, Bacillus anthracis, Ebola (EBOV), Marburg (MARV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), can elicit protective immunity in relevant animal models. In addition, a combination of all four vaccines is shown to be equally as effective as the individual vaccines for eliciting immune responses in a single animal species. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of combined DNA vaccines for these agents and point to a possible method of rapid development of multiagent vaccines for disparate pathogens such as those that might be encountered in a biological attack.
Riemenschneider
Jenny
J
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
Garrison
Aura
A
Geisbert
Joan
J
Jahrling
Peter
P
Hevey
Michael
M
Negley
Diane
D
Schmaljohn
Alan
A
Lee
John
J
Hart
Mary Kate
MK
Vanderzanden
Lorna
L
Custer
David
D
Bray
Mike
M
Ruff
Albert
A
Ivins
Bruce
B
Bassett
Anthony
A
Rossi
Cynthia
C
Schmaljohn
Connie
C
D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022122:Anthrax Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019470:Biolistics; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008379:Marburg Virus Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D029024:Marburgvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids / Q000276:immunology; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D022122:Anthrax Vaccines; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines