Atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry.
Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is the last arrival in the family of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods to couple mass spectrometry (MS) to liquid-phase separation techniques. The basic idea was to further extend the fields of application of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS to those molecules that are not, or are poorly amenable, to electrospray (ESI) or APCI. The present review explores the literature. After a short introduction with an historical background and the premises for its development, we describe the technique, its physical principles, and the factors that affect its efficiency. The review also presents a survey of applications in different fields.
Raffaelli
Andrea
A
Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, CNR-Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici-Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. raffa@dcci.unipi.it
Saba
Alessandro
A
D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013256:Steroids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D001685:Biological Factors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013256:Steroids