title: Effects of Na+/Ca2+ exchange induced by SR Ca2+ release on action potentials and afterdepolarizations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
abstract: In cardiac cells, evoked Ca2+ releases or spontaneous Ca2+ waves activate the inward Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INaCa), which may modulate membrane excitability and arrhythmogenesis. In this study, we examined changes in membrane potential due to INaCa elicited by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in guinea pig ventricular myocytes using whole cell current clamp, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy. Inhibition of INaCa by Na+-free, Li+-containing Tyrode solution reversibly abbreviated the action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) by 50% and caused SR Ca2+ overload. APD90 was similarly abbreviated in myocytes exposed to the Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor KB-R7943 (5 microM) or after inhibition of SR Ca2+ release with ryanodine (20 microM). In the absence of extracellular Na+, spontaneous SR Ca2+ releases caused minimal changes in resting membrane potential. After the myocytes were returned to Na+-containing solution, the potentiated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients dramatically prolonged APD90 and [Ca2+]i oscillations caused delayed and early afterdepolarizations (DADs and EADs). Laser-flash photolysis of caged Ca2+ mimicked the effects of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations, confirming that APD prolongation, DADs, and EADs could be ascribed to intracellular Ca2+ release. These results suggest that Na+/Ca2+ exchange is a major physiological determinant of APD and that INaCa activation by spontaneous SR Ca2+ release/oscillations, depending on the timing, can account for both DADs and EADs during SR Ca2+ overload.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: C Ian
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: James S K
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sham
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D010782:Photolysis; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C037692:Tyrode's solution; C057014:DM-nitrophen; D008094:Lithium; D002118:Calcium