title: Resveratrol modulates apoptosis and oxidation in human blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the effect of resveratrol (RS), a nonflavonoid polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes and red wine, and RS coincubated with the oxidant 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dR), on apoptosis and on the oxidative metabolic status of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) isolated ex vivo from healthy donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis was measured by changes of membrane permeability to propidium iodide (PI), plasma membrane exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and intracellular caspase activity. Oxidative status was assessed by recording the intracellular glutathione concentration (GSH), the activities of the enzymes y-glutamyltransferase (y-GT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and intracellular lipid peroxidation (MDA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither apoptotic nor oxidative parameters were affected by culturing PBMNCs in medium containing RS up to 20 micro M for 5 days, while the frequency of cells with intermediate permeability to PI (17% +/- 5) increased at 50 micro M of RS. Thus resveratrol was slightly toxic, but there was little apoptosis in these cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also grown first in medium plus RS for 24 h and then for 96 h in medium containing RS plus 10 mM of dR, an oxidant sugar that is apoptogenic for human lymphocytes. The apoptotic changes triggered by dR were counteracted by the phytoalexin in a dose-dependent manner, but RS activity was absent at the lowest concentration (5 micro M) and significantly reduced at the highest concentration used (50 micro M). In PBMNCs coincubated with 20 micro M of RS and 10 mM of dR the antioxidant effect of RS manifested with a significant reduction of caspases-3, -8, y-GT, GST activities and MDA content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells acquire antioxidant capacity when treated with RS. Grape resveratrol may make a useful dietary supplement for minimizing oxidative injury in immune-perturbed states and human chronic degenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Interdisciplinary Studies, Locarno and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. glosa@cerfim.ch
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Losa
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003470:Culture Media; D013267:Stilbenes; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000077185:Resveratrol