title: Ajulemic acid, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid acid, induces apoptosis in human T lymphocytes.
abstract: Oral administration of ajulemic acid (AjA), a synthetic nonpsychoactive cannabinoid acid, prevents joint cartilage and bone damage in an experimental model of arthritis in rats. Joint tissue injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is due in part to activation of T lymphocytes in the synovium, and T lymphocytes in synovium of RA patients are resistant to apoptosis. Thus, a potential mechanism whereby AjA prevents joint tissue injury in the animal model might be enhanced apoptosis of T lymphocytes. Apoptosis of human T cells in vitro was assessed by Annexin V expression, caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, and microscopy. AjA induced apoptosis of T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis preceded loss of cell viability by trypan blue dye exclusion, confirming that cell loss was due to programmed cell death rather than necrosis. A nontoxic compound such as AjA may be a useful therapeutic agent for patients with diseases such as RA which are characterized by T-cell-driven chronic inflammation and tissue injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bidinger
authors.forename: Roxabella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beltre
authors.forename: Sumner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burstein
authors.forename: Jane B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Zurier
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D013759:Dronabinol; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; C471849:lenabasum