title: Autotransplantation of human carotid body cell aggregates for treatment of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we assessed the feasibility of autotransplantation of carotid body (CB) cell aggregates into the striatum for the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with advanced PD underwent bilateral autotransplantation of CB cell aggregates into the striatum. They were evaluated clinically preoperatively and for 18 months after surgery according to the recommendations of the Core Assessment Program for Intracerebral Transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major complications or adverse events resulted from the cell implantation or surgical procedures. During the course of the study, there was no significant aggravation of dyskinesia or decline in cognitive function in any of the patients. Five of the six patients who underwent transplantation manifested a measurable degree of clinical improvement evidenced by standardized clinical rating scales for PD. A decrease in the blinded Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III in the "off" state, the main measure of transplant efficacy in our study, was found to be maximal (between 26 and 74%) at 6 months after surgery. At 1 year, clear reductions in the blinded Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III were maintained in three patients (24, 38, and 52%, respectively). Modest improvement was seen in two patients (13 and 17%), and the sole patient who showed no improvement had the most fibrosis in the CB. The age of the patient and the state of the CB tissue were adversely correlated with clinical improvement after CB autotransplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study indicates that CB autograft transplantation is a relatively simple, safe, and viable therapeutical approach for the treatment of patients with advanced PD. More studies are needed to optimize the procedure and to assess its general applicability for the treatment of patients with PD.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Neurocirugía and Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ventura
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arjona
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mínguez-Castellanos
authors.forename: Rafael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Montoro
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Escamilla
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Toledo-Aral
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pardal
authors.forename: Simón
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Méndez-Ferrer
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Majed J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Katati
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Barneo
mesh_terms: D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous