title: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and receptor docking simulations of 2-[(acylamino)ethyl]-1,4-benzodiazepines as kappa-opioid receptor agonists endowed with antinociceptive and antiamnesic activity.
abstract: The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of new derivatives of 2-substituted 5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepines, structurally related to tifluadom (5), are reported. Chemical and pharmacological studies on compounds 6 have been pursued with the aim of expanding the SAR data and validating the previously proposed model of interaction of this class of compounds with the kappa-opioid receptor. The synthesis of the previously described compounds 6 has been reinvestigated in order to obtain a more direct synthetic procedure. To study the relationship between the stereochemistry and the receptor binding affinity, compounds 6e and 6k were selected on the basis of their evident structural resemblance to tifluadom. Since a different specificity of action could be expected for the enantiomers of 6e and 6k, owing to the results shown by (S)- and (R)-tifluadom, their racemic mixtures have been resolved by means of liquid chromatography with chiral stationary phases (CSP), and the absolute configuration of the enantiomers has been studied by circular dichroism (CD) and (1)H NMR techniques. Moreover, some new 2-[(acylamino)ethyl]-1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives, 6a-d,f,g,j, have been synthesized, while the whole series (6a-o) has been tested for its potential affinity toward human cloned kappa-opioid receptor. The most impressive result obtained from the binding studies lies in the fact that this series of 2-[2-(acylamino)ethyl]-1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives binds the human cloned kappa-opioid receptor subtype very tightly. Indeed, almost all the ligands within this class show subnanomolar K(i) values, and the least potent compound 6o shows, in any case, an affinity in the nanomolar range. A comparison of the affinities obtained in human cloned kappa-receptor with the correspondent one obtained in native guinea pig kappa-receptor suggests that the human cloned kappa-receptor is less effective in discriminating the substitution pattern than the native guinea pig kappa-receptor. Furthermore, the results obtained are discussed with respect to the interaction with the homology model of the human kappa-opioid receptor, built on the recently solved crystal structure of rhodopsin. Finally, the potential antinociceptive and antiamnesic properties of compounds 6e and 6i have been investigated by means of the hot-plate and passive avoidance test in mice, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy. anzini@unisi.it
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anzini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canullo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braile
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallelli
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vomero
authors.forename: M Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Menziani
authors.forename: Pier G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: De Benedetti
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collina
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Azzolina
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sbacchi
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghelardini
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galeotti
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000700:Analgesics / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D008024:Ligands; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D001569:Benzodiazepines