title: Temporal lobe epilepsy as a unique manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on five patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as the unique manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 350 consecutive MS patients, we identified 16/350 (4.6%) who also had epileptic seizures. Here, we review their electrophysiological and clinical features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of these 16 patients (four female, one male; mean age 34.2 years; range 31 to 38) with MS and epileptic seizures had an extremely homogeneous clinical picture characterized by TLE as the unique manifestation of MS, even at long follow-up (mean: five years; range 4 to 10). In all patients, seizures started in the second or third decade. Brain MRI revealed at least one juxta-cortical lesion within the temporal region. Antiepileptic medication was always effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides the first evidence of a peculiar form of MS characterized by TLE as the unique manifestation of the disease with no disability or MS relapses at long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, School of Medicine, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentino
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labate
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sibilia
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruscica
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colosimo
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nisticò
authors.forename: Demetrio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappia
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quattrone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants