title: Selective use of esophageal manometry and 24-Hour pH monitoring before laparoscopic fundoplication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring commonly are used in preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing fundoplication. Here we review our experience with the selective preoperative workup of patients undergoing fundoplication to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 628 consecutive antireflux procedures was reviewed. History and physical examination, upper endoscopy, and upper gastrointestinal videofluoroscopy were obtained preoperatively on all patients; the first 30 patients also underwent esophageal manometry and pH monitoring (routine evaluation group). Thereafter, pH monitoring only was performed for atypical reflux symptoms, and manometry only was performed for a history of dysphagia, odynophagia, or for abnormal motility on videofluoroscopy (selective evaluation group). All patients underwent a laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication, and then endoscopy and fluoroscopy at 3 months and 12 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five of the patients in the selective evaluation group (14%) required manometry, and 88 (15%) underwent pH monitoring. Eighteen of the 115 patients who underwent manometry (16%) had evidence of dysmotility. None of these 18 patients had increased dysphagia postoperatively; 8 of 18 reported improvement with swallowing. Five patients in the selective group (0.8%) had persistent postoperative dysphagia caused by technical error (four patients) or with no identifiable cause (one patient). The estimated charge or collection reduction with use of the selective evaluation was 1,253,100 US dollars or 395,000 US dollars, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective use of manometry and pH monitoring was cost effective and safe in this series. Although esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring might be necessary with abnormal findings on videofluoroscopy or atypical symptoms, in our experience, their routine use is not essential in preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Constantine T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Frantzides
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Atul K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000191:economics; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies