title: Suppressive effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on cytokine release in human neutrophils.
abstract: To clarify whether a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor can affect various functions in human peripheral blood neutrophils. For this purpose, the effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors, NS-398 and nimesulide, on the expression of COX-2, PGE2 release and respiratory burst, degranulation and cytokine release in activated neutrophils were examined. Peripheral blood neutrophils were stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP; 100 nM) or opsonized zymosan (OZ; 200 microg/ml). Then, the expression of COX-2 at protein and mRNA levels was detected by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. The concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines in the culture supernatant of neutrophils was determined using ELISA. Superoxide generation was measured by the cytochrome c reduction method. Elastase activity was measured using a chromogenic substrate assay specific for human neutrophil elastase. FMLP and OZ enhanced PGE2 release through induction of COX-2 protein and mRNA expression. FMLP- or OZ-induced PGE2 release was abolished by the addition of NS-398 or nimesulide; nevertheless, even a high concentration of COX-2 inhibitor did not change FMLP- or OZ-induced expression of COX-2 at message and protein levels. Although FMLP- or OZ-induced superoxide generation and elastase release were not affected by the addition of COX-2 inhibitor, cytokine release such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly inhibited by high concentration of COX-2 inhibitor, but tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was partially attenuated. These studies showed that selective COX-2 inhibitors, NS-398 and nimesulide, suppressed PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokine release in activated neutrophils. These results suggest that selective COX-2 inhibitors may contribute to resolution of acute inflammation through the reduction of inflammatory cytokine release in activated neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagumo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013481:Superoxides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; C012655:nimesulide