title: Human pituitary adenomas infrequently contain inactivation of retinoblastoma 1 gene and activation of cyclin dependent kinase 4 gene.
abstract: Components of cyclinD1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)/p16INK4a/pRb pathway are the frequent target of many tumor types. We examined the role of retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) and the CDK4 gene in human pituitary tumorigenesis. For the RB1 gene, pRb expression and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 13q in pituitary adenomas were analysed. Immunostaining of pRb revealed lack of expression in 1 of 29 pituitary adenomas. In 4 of 31 pituitary adenomas, allelic imbalances including LOH of RB1 on 13q14 were detected. Three of 4 pituitary adenomas, in which one adenoma lacked pRb expression, had a common LOH region at least from D13S219 on 13q12.3-q13 to D13S265 on 13q31-32. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with a probe of RB1 showed 2 copies of RB1 gene suggesting that mitotic recombination events, not deletion or chromosome loss, led to LOH in the 3 pituitary adenomas analyzed. All 27 exons, intron-exon boundaries, and essential promoter region of RB1 gene were then sequenced in genomic DNA from 4 pituitary adenomas with allelic imbalance on 13q14 including one adenoma without pRb expression and 3 adenomas with pRb expression. Any somatic mutations, insertions, or microdeletions in the RB1 gene were not detected in 4 pituitary adenomas. Methylation sensitive (MS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed hypomethylated status of CpG islands in the promoter region of the RB1 genes of 4 pituitary adenomas. In addition, activating mutations of CDK4 gene, which is a component of cyclinD1/CDK4/p16INK4a/pRb pathway, were not detected in 31 pituitary adenomas. Based on these results, it is concluded that somatic mutations of the RB1 gene or CDK4 gene do not appear to play a major role in pituitary tumorigenesis. This supports the presence of potential tumor suppressor gene(s) on 13q12.3-q13 to 13q31-32 in pituitary adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanaka-Kosugi
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016161:Genes, Retinoblastoma; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases