title: HPLC determination of amoxicillin comparative bioavailability in healthy volunteers after a single dose administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An accurate, precise and sensitive HPLC assay was developed for the determination of amoxicillin in human plasma samples, to compare the bioavailability of two amoxicillin capsule (500mg) formulations (Amoxicilina from Brazil, as a test formulation and Amoxil from SmithKline Beecham Laboratories Ltda., Brazil, as a reference formulations) in 24 volunteers of both sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amoxicillin concentrations were analyzed by combined reversed phase liquid chromatography and UV detection (lambda=229 nm). Amoxicillin and cefadroxil (internal standard) were extracted from the plasma by addition of cold methanol. The separation was achieved using the Lichrosorb 10 microm, C18 reversed phase column at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of a 95% phosphate buffer (0.01 mol/L), pH=4.8 and 5% acetonitrile mixture. The study was conducted using an open randomized 2-period crossover balanced design with a 1-week washout period between the doses. Plasma samples were obtained over an 8-hour period. The bioequivalence between the two formulations was assessed by calculating individual peak plasma concentrations (C(max) ) and area under the curve (AUC(0-8h) ) ratios (test/reference). The statistical interval proposed was 80-125%, as established by the US Food and drug administration Agency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal standard and amoxicillin eluted about 4.2 and 5.2 min, respectively at a flow rate of 1.3ml/min. The mean absolute recovery of AMO in plasma was 90.0% at 3 microg/ml, 98.6% at 25 microg/ml and 95.3 at 50 microg/ml. The assay showed excellent relationships between peak height ratios and plasma concentrations (r(2)>or= 0.999). The limit of quantification was 1g/ml, based on 200l of plasma. The geometric mean of Amoxicilina/Amoxil 500 mg capsules individual percentage ratio was 101.4% for AUC(0-8h), and 99.9% for C(max). The 90% confidence intervals were 98.3-104.4% and 95.7-103.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This simple, rapid and selective method is suitable for pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies. Since the 90% CI for both C(max )and AUC(0-8h) lies within the 80-125% interval proposed by the Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that Amoxicilina 500 mg capsules was bioequivalent to Amoxil capsules 500 mg, in terms of both the rate and extent of absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. lrpabreu@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Luis Renato
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pires de Abreu
authors.forename: Rodrigo Mas
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Silvana Calafatti
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedrazzoli
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010406:Penicillins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D000658:Amoxicillin