title: Phytotoxic compounds from Flourensia cernua.
abstract: Bioassay-directed fractionation of a CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Flourensia cernua led to the isolation of three phytotoxic compounds, namely, dehydroflourensic acid (1), flourensadiol (2) and methyl orsellinate (3). Dehydroflourensic acid is a new natural product whose structure was established by spectral means. In addition, the known flavonoid ermanin and seven hitherto unknown gamma-lactones were obtained, these being tetracosan-4-olide, pentacosan-4-olide, hexacosan-4-olide, heptacosan-4-olide, octacosan-4-olide, nonacosan-4-olide, and triacontan-4-olide. Compounds 1-3 caused significant inhibition of radicle growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crus-galli, interacted with bovine-brain calmodulin and inhibited the activation of the calmodulin-dependent enzyme cAMP phosphodiesterase.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. 04510, Mexico. rachel@sevidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bye
authors.forename: Edelmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Linares
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rivero-Cruz
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Barbara N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Timmermann
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D027721:Amaranthus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002417:Cattle; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D031747:Echinochloa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015394:Molecular Structure; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010947:Plants, Toxic / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1