title: Cystine urinary lithiasis in Thailand: a report of five cases.
abstract: Cystine urinary stone is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease, frequently recurring and resisting fragmentation by Shockwave lithotripsy. As cases have never been reported before in Thailand, five cases of renal cystine stones at Ramathibodi Hospital were reported. Two were in the same family. In all cases the stones were removed by open surgery or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Postoperatively, all the stones were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy for cystine. In two cases, cystine stones were also identified by scanning electron microscopy. Urine was analyzed for cystine by sodium cyanide-nitroprusside test, its concentration by spectrophotometry and cystine crystals were identified by the new crystal induction technique under light microscopy. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) test, urinary dibasic amino acids (ornithine, lysine, arginine) in these cases were also found to be significantly elevated. Clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cystine stones are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Urological Section, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suchart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaimuangraj
authors.forename: Kamolkant
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jamavan
authors.forename: Chintana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mokkhavesa
authors.forename: Chuchart
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Timvipak
authors.forename: Narumon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Junvimalaung
authors.forename: Wasana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stitchantrakul
authors.forename: Wachira
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kochakarn
authors.forename: Phaitun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gojaseni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003555:Cystinuria / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013785:Thailand; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery