title: The effects of behavior and environmental enrichment on disease resistance of turkeys.
abstract: Turkey poults were provided with environmental enrichment for the first 14 days after hatch. At 2 days of age each bird was tested for the speed in which it would cross a T-maze. At 5 weeks of age birds were treated with dexamethasone and challenged with Escherichia coli. Enriched birds had higher body weights and incidence of disease and mortality and lower numbers of leukocytes when challenged. Challenged and enriched birds that tested FAST had higher mortality and air sacculitis scores and lower body weights than SLOW birds. Non-enriched, SLOW birds were the only ones to respond to challenge with increases in leukocyte counts and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios. These data suggest that environmental enrichment during the first 2 weeks after hatch may be detrimental to those birds with a FAST T-maze response, and that poults with a FAST response in the T-maze may be more susceptible to experimental bacterial infection.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. grhuff@uark.edu
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Balog
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Rath
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004777:Environment; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology; D014422:Turkeys / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone