title: Insulin is protein-anabolic in chronic renal failure patients.
abstract: To examine the protein anabolic actions of insulin in chronic renal failure, the authors measured four sets of whole body leucine fluxes during insulin alone and insulin with amino acid infusion in nine uremic patients before hemodialysis (B-HD). Seven were restudied 8 wk after initiation of maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Six normal subjects served as control (N). All values ( micro mol/kg/h, mean +/- SEM) are presented in the sequence of B-HD, HD, and N, and only P < 0.05 are listed. During Flux 1 (baseline), D (leucine release from body protein degradation) were 114 +/- 7, 126 +/- 4, and 116 +/- 6, respectively. C (leucine oxidation rates) were 18 +/- 2, 17 +/- 2, and 21 +/- 3, respectively. S (leucine disappearance into body protein [index of protein synthesis]) were 96 +/- 6, 107 +/- 4, and 94 +/- 4, respectively, and balances (net leucine flux into protein [values were negative during fasting]) were -18 +/- 2, -17 +/- 2, and -21 +/- 3, respectively. During Flux 2 (low-dose insulin infusion), D were 89 +/- 3, 98 +/- 6, and 94 +/- 5, respectively; C were 12 +/- 1, 11 +/- 2, and 18 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.02); S were 77 +/- 4, 87 +/- 5, and 76 +/- 5, respectively, and balances were -12 +/- 1, -11 +/- 2, and -18 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.02). During Flux 3 (high-dose insulin infusion): D were 77 +/- 3, 82 +/- 7, and 84 +/- 5, respectively; C were 9 +/- 1, 8 +/- 1, and 14 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.005); S were 68 +/- 4, 74 +/- 6, and 70 +/- 5, respectively, and balances were -9 +/- 1, -8 +/- 1, and -14 +/- 1, respectively (P = 0.005). In Flux 4 (insulin infused with amino acids): D were 73 +/- 3, 107 +/- 18, and 85 +/- 7, respectively; C were 35 +/- 4, 29 +/- 5, and 39 +/- 3, respectively; S were 105 +/- 5, 145 +/- 15, and 113 +/- 6, respectively (P = 0.02), and balances were 32 +/- 4, 38 +/- 5, and 27 +/- 3, respectively. These data show that B-HD and HD patients were as sensitive as normal subjects to the protein anabolic actions of insulin. Insulin alone reduced proteolysis and leucine oxidation, and insulin given with amino acids increased net protein synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. victoria-lim@uiow.edu
authors.forename: Victoria S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Yarasheski
authors.forename: Jan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fangman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flanigan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004573:Electrolytes; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D004573:Electrolytes; D007328:Insulin; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D012996:Solutions; C545824:amino-acid, glucose, and electrolyte solution; D007930:Leucine; D005947:Glucose