title: Enhanced cellular immune response in women with PTSD related to childhood abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disturbed regulation of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathoadrenomedullary system in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggests that immune function, which is modulated by these systems, also may be dysregulated in individuals with PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test responses were measured in 16 women with PTSD due to childhood sexual or physical abuse and 15 women who did not have a history of abuse, other trauma, or psychiatric disorders. HPA axis activity was assessed by examination of circadian salivary cortisol levels and a single time point measurement of plasma cortisol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delayed-type hypersensitivity was enhanced in women with PTSD. Cortisol measures did not differ between PTSD and healthy comparison subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cell-mediated inflammatory reactions are greater in individuals with PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Box 244, New York, NY 10021, USA. maltemus@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altemus
authors.forename: Marylene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cloitre
authors.forename: Firdaus S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Dhabhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012882:Skin Tests; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone