title: Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology. Cellular features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the importance of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 17 cytologic and 5 architectural features in a series of 320 FNACs from HCC and compared them with 73 FNACs from benign lesions and with 705 FNACs from metastatic carcinomas. One thousand ninety-eight patients who were diagnosed by liver FNAC between December 1988 and July 1998 and had adequate follow-up were included in the study. The specimens were evaluated according to the presence or absence of the cytologic features and cellular arrangement. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed on the data to determine the variables predictive of HCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multinucleated tumor giant cells, cytoplasmic hyaline and central sinusoidal pattern were selected as the 3 most predictive parameters for differentiated reactive hepatocytes from HCC (P < .0001), while bile, centrally located nucleus in an atypical cell and intranuclear inclusion were selected as the 3 most predictive parameters for differentiated metastatic carcinoma from HCC (P < .0001-< .001) by stepwise logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the 1,098 patients suspected of having hepatic malignancy, a correct diagnosis was made by a combination of the above features. The sensitivity of this procedure for hepatic malignancy was 99.5%, and the specificity was 100%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cytopathology, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. isinsoy@erciyes.edu
authors.forename: Işin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soyuer
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekinci
authors.forename: Muhsin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Genç
authors.forename: Kadir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bahar
mesh_terms: D018248:Adenoma, Liver Cell / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000473:pathology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000473:pathology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies