title: Effects of chronic exposure of electromagnetic fields from mobile phones on hearing in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little attention has been paid to the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) of mobile phones on hearing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to EMF emitting from mobile phones on the inner ear of adult and developing rats using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  EMF of mobile phones exposure was scheduled according to a sham-exposure controlled experimental design. Every day seven of 14 adult and four newborn rats were exposed to 1-h mobile phone EMF for 30 days, while the other seven adult rats were assigned to control group. DPOAEs were measured in both groups before and after the chronic exposure to EMF. The newborn rats were tested following similar exposure beginning on the 2nd day after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No measurable EMF associated changes in DPOAEs either in adult or developing rat inner ears were determined (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that chronic exposure of EMF, as long as 30 days 1 h per day, emitting from a mobile phone did not cause any hearing deterioration in adult and developing rats, at least at outer and middle ear and cochlear levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey. akizilay@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kizilay
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturan
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: M Tayyar
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kalcioglu
authors.forename: Murat Cem
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Miman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D010469:Perceptual Distortion; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors