title: Improvement in sensitivity of screening mammography with computer-aided detection: a multiinstitutional trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study evaluated radiologist detection of breast cancer using a computer-aided detection system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three radiologists reviewed 377 screening mammograms interpreted as showing normal or benign findings 9-24 months before cancer diagnosis from 17 of the 18 participating centers. In 313 cases, study radiologists recommended additional mammographic evaluation. In 177 cases, the area warranting additional workup precisely correlated with the subsequently diagnosed cancer. These 177 missed cancers were evaluated with computer-aided detection. The proportion of radiologists identifying the missed cancers was used to determine radiologist sensitivity without computer-aided detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study radiologists determined that 123 of the 377 missed cancer cases warranted workup. Therefore, 123 additional cancers cases could have been found. The calculated radiologist sensitivity without computer-aided detection was therefore 75.4% (377 / [377 + 123]). Similarly, using the performance of the system on the missed cancers, we estimated that 80 (65.0%) of these 123 missed cancer cases would have been identified with the use of computer-aided detection. Consequently, the estimated sensitivity of radiologists using computer-aided detection was 91.4% ([377 + 80] / [377 + 123])-resulting in a 21.2% ([91.4% / 75.4%] - 1) increase in radiologist sensitivity with computer-aided detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the computer-aided detection system significantly improved the detection of breast cancer by increasing radiologist sensitivity by 21.2%. Therefore, for every 100,000 women with breast cancer identified without the use of computer-aided detection, an estimated additional 21,200 cancers would be found with the use of computer-aided detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Imaging and Intervention, George Washington University Medical Center, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Brem
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Souders
authors.forename: L Gill
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Naul
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffmeister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors