title: The triterpenoid CDDO inhibits expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-13 and Bcl-3 in primary human chondrocytes.
abstract: A synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties and to decrease the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-13. We have shown previously that IL-1 induces expression of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) family member Bcl-3, and that this contributes to MMP-1 expression. To quantify the effects of CDDO on IL-1-induced MMP-1, MMP-13 and Bcl-3 expression, we stimulated the chondrosarcoma cell line SW-1353 and human primary chondrocytes with IL-1, in the presence or absence of CDDO. Harvested RNA was subjected to quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In SW-1353 cells, 300 nM CDDO significantly decreased the induction of MMP-1 and MMP-13 by IL-1. In human primary chondrocytes, 300 nM CDDO inhibited the induction of these genes by IL-1 to an even greater extent. In both cell types, inhibition of MMP-1 required 24 hours of pretreatment with CDDO, whereas MMP-13 could be inhibited when CDDO and IL-1 were added simultaneously to culture. In human primary chondrocytes, IL-1-induced Bcl-3 expression was inhibited when cells were pretreated with CDDO. To determine whether the inhibitory effect of CDDO on MMP worked through inhibition of Bcl-3 gene expression, SW-1353 cells stably transfected with a Bcl-3 expression plasmid were treated with IL-1 and/or CDDO, and MMP gene expression was assayed. Overexpression of Bcl-3 increased MMP-1, but not MMP-13, mRNA levels. Furthermore, overexpressed Bcl-3 could sustain the CDDO-dependent inhibition of IL-1-induced MMP-1 expression. Our data demonstrate that CDDO inhibits IL-1-induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression in human chondrocytes. CDDO also inhibits the expression of Bcl-3, an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Ezra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayor
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sporn
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vincenti
mesh_terms: D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017364:Collagenases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000473:pathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: C116817:2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid; D000081242:B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein; C000631344:BCL3 protein, human; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1