title: The effect of static stretching of the calf muscle-tendon unit on active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.
abstract: METHODS
  Masked randomized trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of a 6-week program of static stretching of the calf muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADFROM) in healthy subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Static stretching of the calf MTU is often prescribed to increase flexibility in patients with shortened connective tissues or to maintain ADFROM in healthy individuals. Presently, physical therapists lack specific information on the optimal dosage of calf MTU stretching necessary to produce improvement in ADFROM.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred one adults (63 women, 38 men; mean age +/- SD, 40.0 +/- 10.9 years; range, 21-59) with no visual evidence of gait impairment due to lower-extremity dysfunction participated in the study. Active ADFROM was measured with a universal goniometer. Participants were randomly assigned to group 1, no stretch controls (n = 24), or to 1 of 3 experimental groups carrying out a 6-week program of standing wall stretches once per day: individuals in group 2 stretched for 30 seconds (n = 26); individuals in group 3 stretched for 1 minute (n = 24); individuals in group 4 stretched for 2 minutes (n = 27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 weeks, the results of an analysis of variance found no effect of treatment on active ADFROM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that a 6-week program of once-per-day static stretching for up to 2 minutes is not sufficient to increase active ADFROM in healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Medical School of Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Youdas
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: Terry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Therneau
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Laskowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular