title: ASC/TMS1, a caspase-1 activating adaptor, is downregulated by aberrant methylation in human melanoma.
abstract: ASC/TMS1 is an adaptor protein activating caspase-1 that stimulates processing of proIL-1beta and proIL-18. ASC was reported to be aberrantly methylated and silenced in human breast cancers. In our present study, ASC expression was examined in 12 melanoma cell lines by Western blot analysis and in 18 benign melanocytic nevi and 32 melanoma tissues by immunohistochemical staining. ASC expression was absent or reduced in 7 of 12 (58.3%) cell lines and in 20 of 32 (62.5%) melanoma tissues, whereas all 18 benign melanocytic nevi showed intensive ASC expression. To investigate whether ASC silencing in melanoma is involved in aberrant methylation, methylation specific PCR was carried out. Five of ten (50%) melanoma tissues exhibited methylation in CpG island of ASC companied with reduced ASC expression. Six of twelve (50%) melanoma cell lines showed aberrant methylation in the ASC gene, and 4 of the 6 (66.7%) methylation positive cell lines exhibited reduced ASC expression. We characterized methylation patterns in melanoma cell lines by using bisulfite genomic sequencing, and found that the degree of aberrant methylation correlated with the level of reductive ASC expression. Treatment with demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in both demethylation of the ASC gene and the upregulation of ASC expression in the methylation positive melanoma cell lines. Our study shows that ASC is downregulated in melanoma, and that its suppression is partially mediated by aberrant methylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koganehira
authors.forename: Misae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saida
authors.forename: Shun'ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018899:CpG Islands; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013447:Sulfites / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C402202:PYCARD protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D013447:Sulfites; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D020170:Caspase 1; D001374:Azacitidine; C009279:sodium bisulfite