title: Suppression of EBV release from irradiated B lymphoblastoid cell-lines: superior activity of ganciclovir compared with acyclovir.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  B lymphoblastoid cell-lines (BLCL), generated by exposure of PBMC to a laboratory strain of EBV, are commonly utilized in the preparation of T cells used for immunotherapy. Although most B cells are latently infected, BLCL contain a subset of cells that harbor infectious virus, which could be released into the infusion product during preparation. To reduce this known risk, laboratories have pretreated BLCL for > or = 14 days with 100 microM acyclovir (ACV), an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase, prior to use. We tested the effectiveness of ACV in preventing the release of infectious virus from irradiated fresh and previously frozen BLCL, and compared its effects with those of ganciclovir (GCV).
  
  
  METHODS
  BLCL were grown for 14 days in medium containing various doses of ACV or GCV, washed, irradiated, and tested for the presence of infectious virus in co-culture assays with cord blood mononuclear cells(CBMC) (21 CBMC to BLCL). B-cell transformation was assessed at 3-4 weeks of culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fresh and previously frozen BLCL released infectious virus, which transformed nearly all (92%) of CBMC co-cultures (n = 52). Transformation was not prevented by treatment with 100 microM ACV (88%, n = 52). Increasing the ACV dose to 200 microM (or 50 microg/mL) still allowed transformation in 4/9 (44%) cultures, while this and higher doses severely reduced the proliferation rate of the BLCL during ACV exposure. Infectious virus release was detectable within 1 day of ACV removal and BLCL irradiation. In contrast, GCV was able to prevent infectious virus release in 12/12 co-cultures at a concentration (15 microM) that only modestly reduced BLCL growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that GCV is more effective at preventing release of infectious EBV from irradiated BLCL than ACV at concentrations that do not severely inhibit B-cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Keever-Taylor
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Behn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konings
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orentas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000032:analysis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000821:virology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005615:Freezing; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000821:virology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000379:methods; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018951:Antigens, CD20; D017252:CD3 Complex; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D015774:Ganciclovir; D000212:Acyclovir