title: Targeting of adenovirus to human renal cell carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of recombinant adenoviruses in cancer gene therapy is limited by the widespread expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor on normal human cells. Targeting adenoviral vectors to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells may improve their potential in cancer gene therapy of patients with metastatic RCC. The G250 protein, also known as the carbonic anhydrase IX protein, is membranously expressed in all cases of clear cell RCC, and clinical studies have demonstrated exceptional tumor targeting with a G250 monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  METHODS
  A recombinant bispecific single-chain antibody directed against the RCC-associated G250 protein and the adenovirus fiber knob domain was constructed and used to retarget recombinant adenovirus expressing the green fluorescent protein under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. G250-specific adenoviral transduction of cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis of green fluorescent protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  G250-positive RCC cells displayed enhanced susceptibility for transduction by the green fluorescent protein recombinant adenovirus complexed with the G250-directed bispecific single-chain antibody when compared with native adenovirus. This enhanced transduction was restricted to G250-positive RCC cells and could be abolished completely in the presence of excess G250 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of immunologic retargeting of adenovirus to RCC cells with the highly tumor-specific G250 protein as the target. This strategy may provide the possibility of improving cancer gene therapy for patients with RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Urology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jongmans
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van den Oudenalder
authors.forename: Dorien M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tiemessen
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molkenboer
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Peter F A
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Mulders
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oosterwijk
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases