title: Use of low molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin) in newborn infants: a prospective cohort study of 62 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detail low molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin) use in the first few months of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, consecutive cohort of unselected newborn infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn infants were divided into groups by gestational age, underlying condition, hepatic and renal function, thrombocytopenia, and prothrombin time (PT/INR). Groups were analysed with respect to many aspects of enoxaparin treatment using multivariate methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty two newborn infants received enoxaparin representing 5.39 treatment years. Thromboembolic events (TEs) occurred predominantly in the lower and upper venous system in the presence of indwelling catheters (69%). Preterm infants required longer than full term infants to achieve an anti-(factor Xa) level in the target range (six versus two days). Preterm infants required higher doses of enoxaparin than full term infants to maintain anti-(factor Xa) levels in the target range (2.1 v 1.7 mg/kg/12 h). Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) required less enoxaparin than those without CHD to maintain an anti-(factor Xa) level in the target range (1.7 v 2.1 mg/kg/12 h). Impaired renal and liver function influenced the number of dose changes needed (three versus one a month). Complete or partial resolution of TE was accomplished in 59% of newborn infants. Four infants developed major bleeds (1.2% per patient year). Recurrent TE and clot extension occurred in three infants (0.9% per patient year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm infants are more difficult to treat with enoxaparin than full term infants. Enoxaparin appears to be an alternative to treatment with standard heparin or no treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Innsbruck, Austria. Werner.Streif@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Streif
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: A K C
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Massicotte
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D000990:Antithrombin III