title: Construction and analysis of cells lacking the HMGA gene family.
abstract: The high mobility group A (HMGA) family of non-histone chromosomal proteins is encoded by two related genes, HMGA1 and HMGA2. HMGA proteins are architectural transcription factors that have been found to regulate the transcription of a large number of genes. They are also some of the most commonly dysregulated genes in human neoplasias, highlighting a role in growth control. HMGA1 and HMGA2 have also been found to stimulate retroviral integration in vitro. In this study, we have cloned chicken HMGA1, and used the chicken DT40 B-cell lymphoma line to generate cells lacking HMGA1, HMGA2 and both in combination. We tested these lines for effects on cellular growth, gene control and retroviral integration. Surprisingly, we found that the HMGA gene family is dispensable for growth in DT40 cells, and that there is no apparent defect in retroviral integration in the absence of HMGA1 or HMGA2. We also analyzed the activity of approximately 4000 chicken genes, but found no significant changes. We conclude that HMGA proteins are not strictly required for growth control or retroviral integration in DT40 cells and may well be redundant with other factors.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beitzel
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bushman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D024003:HMGA Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D025742:HMGA1b Protein / Q000235:genetics; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D024003:HMGA Proteins; D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D025742:HMGA1b Protein; D008156:Luciferases