title: [Ultrasound surveillance of cervical lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the accuracy of preoperative evaluation of cervical lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma underwent neck ultrasonography. Enlarged lymph nodes with their long axis greater than 10 mm and a short-to-long axis ratio greater than 0.5 were considered as metastatic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative neck ultrasonography revealed the enlarged lymph nodes in 16 patients, but only in 5 (31%) cases the nodes were palpable. Among them 9 were classified as metastatic (cM(1-LN)), including 4 patients with palpable nodes. In 5 cM(1-LN) patients surgical intervention was canceled and the remaining 37 patients underwent trans-thoracic esophagectomy. Cervical node metastasis (pM(1-LN)) was confirmed pathologically in 6 surgical patients, 4 with tumors invading the adventitia (pT3) and the other 2 into the surrounding structure (pT(4)) (pT(1), pT(2) vs. pT(3), pT(4), P = 0.020). All 6 pM(1-LN) patients had concomitant mediastinal node metastasis and 4 of them had upper abdominal node metastasis. Statistically significant relationship was detected between cervical and abdominal nodal status (r = 0.536, P = 0.007). In comparison with the results of pathological examination and treatment response, the accuracy and sensitivity were 81% and 95% (P = 0.043), 36% and 82% (P = 0.081), respectively, for palpation and ultrasonography. Five out of 39 (13%) patients had their therapy changed due to ultrasonographic findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neck ultrasonography for cervical lymphadenopathy is of high sensitivity and accuracy, which plays an important role in the preoperative evaluation and therapeutic decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Wen-tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Zhan-hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-hu
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ju-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yun-zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography