title: [Mucosa protective therapy with long-term nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs].
abstract: Due to the extraordinary high prevalence of peptic lesions in the upper gastrointestine in the long-term treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a prophylaxis in patients belonging to high-risk groups is essential. Misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors and histamine 2-receptor antagonists have been evaluated in prospective studies. The efficacy of Misoprostol is well documented, though its use in prevention is frequently limited due to side effects. Proton pump inhibitors are also well established, especially in the therapy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated peptic ulcers and in consecutive secondary prevention. The histamine 2-receptor antagonist Famotidine in a high oral dosage is able to reduce the frequency of peptic lesions too, but not to the same degree as Misoprostol and proton pump inhibitors. It is very likely that helicobacter pylori eradication without any further mucosaprotective therapy will only decrease the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in low dose Aspirin application. In spite of controversial studies this eradication seems to be a useful additional therapy for ulcer prophylaxis in high risk groups. Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may become a promising alternative, from a pathophysiological perspective. However, to date there has been a lack of clear comparative studies with common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs plus mucosaprotecting agents. Daily therapy costs are higher with a Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor than using the traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs together with either proton pump inhibitors, histamine 2-receptor antagonists or Misoprostol--a fact that should be considered in primary therapeutic decisions. In the following review we will present the most important results of the different prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. On the basis of placebo-controlled, prospective studies on the one hand and the recommendations of the scientific societies on the other, a guideline for daily clinical practice will be suggested.
authors.affiliation: 1. Medizinischen Abteilung, NO Zentrum für Rheumatologie, Humanisklinikum Niederösterreich, Stockerau.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cozzarini
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Györög
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Györög
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prenner
authors.forename: Theodorus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trianto
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maderbacher
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Höller
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grusch
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sebesta
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D016595:Misoprostol