title: Cortical localisation of the visual and auditory word form areas: a reconsideration of the evidence.
abstract: In this paper we examine the evidence for human brain areas dedicated to visual or auditory word form processing by comparing cortical activation for auditory word repetition, reading, picture naming, and environmental sound naming. Both reading and auditory word repetition activated left lateralised regions in the frontal operculum (Broca's area), posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area), posterior inferior temporal cortex, and a region in the mid superior temporal sulcus relative to baseline conditions that controlled for sensory input and motor output processing. In addition, auditory word repetition increased activation in a lateral region of the left mid superior temporal gyrus but critically, this area is not specific to auditory word processing, it is also activated in response to environmental sounds. There were no reading specific activations, even in the areas previously claimed as visual word form areas: activations were either common to reading and auditory word repetition or common to reading and picture naming. We conclude that there is no current evidence for cortical sites dedicated to visual or auditory word form processing.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. c.price@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Winterburn
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Noppeney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014825:Vocabulary