title: Role of phosphodiesterase 3 in NO/cGMP-mediated antiinflammatory effects in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Atherosclerosis involves cellular immune responses and altered vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. Nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP is uniquely capable of inhibiting key processes in atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the effects of NO/cGMP and their molecular mechanisms in the regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in VSMCs. We found that cGMP-elevating agents such as the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), reduced TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression in rat aortic VSMCs in a cGMP-dependent manner. The effects of SNAP and CNP on NF-kappaB are mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) but not cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) based on the findings that the selective PKA inhibitor, PKI, abolished the effects of SNAP and CNP on NF-kappaB, whereas the PKG inhibitor Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMP had no effect. Inhibition of cGMP-inhibited cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) blocked SNAP- and CNP-elicited effects on NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Furthermore, cGMP analogues such as 8-pCPT-cGMP, which selectively activates PKG but does not inhibit PDE3, had no effect on NF-kappaB-mediated transcription. Activation of PKA by SNAP or cAMP-elevating agents not only inhibited TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression but also reduced endogenous NF-kappaB-dependent adhesion molecule and chemokine expression. These results suggest that SNAP and CNP exert inhibitory effects on NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by activation of PKA via cGMP-dependent inhibition of PDE3 activity. Therefore, PDE3 is a novel mediator of inflammation in VSMCs.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 679, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miano
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Bradford C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011810:Quinoxalines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013873:Thionucleotides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; C083763:8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C055656:8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-GMP; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D008156:Luciferases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP