title: Drug interactions of clinical significance for the dermatologist: recognition and avoidance.
abstract: While it would be impossible for any dermatologist to remember all potential drug interactions, knowledge of the mechanisms of drug interactions can help reduce the risk of serious adverse outcomes. Most drugs are associated with interactions but the majority do not produce significant outcomes. Dealing with drug interactions is a challenge in all clinical practice, including dermatology. New information continues to appear, and dermatologists need to know about the drugs they use.This article focuses on the mechanisms of drug interactions. In particular, the life of a drug in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are reviewed with the focus on points of importance and relevance to drug interactions. The most clinically important drug interactions in dermatological practice are caused by alterations in drug metabolism. The contributions of P-glycoprotein, pharmacogenetic variation and genetic polymorphisms to drug interactions are highlighted, and the best evidence for drug interactions involving drug classes relevant to the dermatologist is presented. Since the initial evidence for clinically relevant drug interactions comes from case reports, prescribing physicians can have a major role in collating information on interactions. By understanding the mechanisms behind drug interactions and staying alert for toxicities, we can help make drug therapy safer and reduce the fear of drug interactions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shear
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000009:adverse effects; D032083:Citrus paradisi / Q000009:adverse effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000009:adverse effects; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000009:adverse effects; D010868:Pimozide / Q000009:adverse effects; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D018942:Macrolides; D028321:Plant Preparations; D010868:Pimozide; D002927:Cimetidine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System