title: Adiponectin gene activation by thiazolidinediones requires PPAR gamma 2, but not C/EBP alpha-evidence for differential regulation of the aP2 and adiponectin genes.
abstract: We examined the role of PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha for adiponectin and aP2 gene activation in C/EBP alpha(-/-) fibroblasts by stably expressing PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP alpha. PPAR gamma 2, but not PPAR gamma 1, mRNA markedly increased during the differentiation to adipocytes in cells expressing C/EBP alpha. Both infected cell lines differentiated to an adipocyte phenotype and the mRNA for both aP2 and adiponectin increased in parallel. However, adiponectin mRNA was considerably higher when C/EBP alpha was present, suggesting that this transcription factor is important for full gene activation. Thiazolidinediones markedly activated the gene in PPAR gamma 2-expressing cells in the absence of C/EBP alpha, suggesting that the adiponectin promoter may have functional PPAR gamma-response elements. Several observations showed that the adiponectin and aP2 genes can be differentially regulated in adipocytes: (1) Topiramate, an anti-epileptic agent with weight-reducing properties, increased adiponectin mRNA levels and secretion, but did not, like the thiazolidinediones, increase aP2 expression; (2) IL-6 reduced adiponectin, but significantly increased, aP2 expression; and (3) TNFalpha inhibited adiponectin, but paradoxically increased, aP2 expression in PPAR gamma 2-infected C/EBP alpha null cells. These data show that activation of the adiponectin gene can be separated from effects on adipogenic genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg SE-413 45, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Maia M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Samuel W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D013997:Time Factors; D000077236:Topiramate; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008024:Ligands; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione; D008156:Luciferases