title: Epigenetic silencing of RNA polymerase I transcription.
abstract: The genes that encode ribosomal RNA exist in two distinct types of chromatin--an 'open' conformation that is permissive to transcription and a 'closed' conformation that is transcriptionally refractive. Recent studies have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that silence either entire nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in genetic hybrids or individual rRNA genes within a NOR. An emerging theme from these studies is that epigenetic mechanisms operating at the level of DNA methylation and histone modifications alter the chromatin structure and control the ratio of active and inactive rRNA genes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. i.grummt@dkfz.de
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grummt
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pikaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005363:Ficusin / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D012318:RNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006657:Histones; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012318:RNA Polymerase I; D005363:Ficusin