title: Quantitative estimation of HRP-labeled sensory and motor neurons during nerve-dependent and nerve-independent periods of urodele limb regeneration.
abstract: The relationship between urodele regeneration and possible regeneration in mammalian prospects is hard to evidence, but the idea of possible regeneration of neural elements in people is an area of potential clinical importance that is under investigation. One of the great challenges of the future is to understand enough about the basic biology of animal regeneration and to use it for the betterment of the mankind. It is well established that the initial stages of urodele limb regeneration depend on the presence of intact nerve fibres connected to their cell bodies. The nerve fibres severed at the limb amputation level, regrow and invade the blastema, providing blastema cells with indispensable factors. These factors are elaborated within the neuron perikarya and transported via their axons to the blastema. Numerous studies have been so far performed and have elucidated the quantitative relationships between nerve fibres and limb regeneration. However, there are no reports dealing with the individual nerve cells at work. The aim of the present investigation was to analyse the quantitative participation and qualitative distinction of nerve cells innervating regenerating parts of the urodele limb and their possible interrelationship with the nerve-dependent and nerve-independent periods of regeneration. The cells under study are housed in the dorsal ganglia (sensory neurons) and in the ventral aspect of the spinal cord grey matter (motor neurons). As a means of visualizing the direct implication of these neurons during various regeneration periods, the enzyme horseradish peroxidase was chosen. A total of 34 animals were used, 21 experimental and 13 controls, in order to study labeled nerve cell fluctuations. The results are summarized as follows: (a) The first nerve cells incorporating HRP within 5 days post amputation are found in the dorsal ganglia. Motor neurons in the grey matter are labeled within 7 days. (b) The number of labeled perikarya increases during the nerve-dependent regeneration period (0-21 dpa). The percentage of implicated sensory neurons exceeds that found in the control series. (c) During the next, nerve-independent period, the number of participating labeled neurons decreases gradually. Such fluctuations in the number of labeled neurons might represent the metabolic status of these cells in their effort to provide the blastema cells with the factors needed at the appropriate time. The current findings support previous observations that the periods of dependence and independence of urodele limb regeneration from the integrated control of brachial nerves reflect changes in the metabolism of individual sensory and motor neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stauros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koussoulakos
authors.forename: Loukas H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Margaritis
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mitashov
authors.forename: Hermann-Josef
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Anton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005121:Extremities / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000502:physiology; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014319:Triturus
chemical_list: D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase