title: Laboratory monitoring of heparin and the combination of heparin and the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antibody fragment abciximab (c7E3) in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) have restricted laboratory monitoring to the activated clotting time (ACT). It remains unknown whether the ACT-prolonging effect of abciximab is clinically equivalent to a comparable degree of anti-coagulation by heparin.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 patients undergoing PTCA received 100 IU of heparin/kg body weight. Another 30 patients received an initial bolus of 70 IU of heparin/kg + abciximab. We determined ACT, laboratory and onsite activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma heparin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite markedly different preintervention heparin dosing, the ACTs were not significantly different between groups. After termination of PTCA, the median ACTs of both study groups were nearly equivalent (267 vs. 272 s; p = 0.79). The median ACT-prolonging effect of abciximab could be equated with 0.68 IU/ml heparin. Both APTT assays were not suitable for monitoring the anticoagulant effects during PTCA due to their high sensitivity. By contrast, the plasma heparin levels clearly reflected the different heparin doses. The weak correlation (r = 0.23) between ACTs and heparin levels in patients receiving heparin + abciximab was due to excessively prolonged ACTs in six patients (540-1,245 s). These data could be attributed to an unusually high response to abciximab. By contrast, the ACT was a reliable measure of the anticoagulant effect of heparin in patients receiving exclusively heparin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACT reflects both heparin and abciximab therapy, whereas heparin levels reflect only heparin dose. The APTT assays were not suitable for monitoring the anticoagulant effects during PTCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Ludwigshafen, Germany. erzahn@aol.com
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zahn
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haubelt
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bechtloff
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frilling
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rustige
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marsalek
authors.forename: Karlheinz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senges
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellstern
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D006493:Heparin; D000077284:Abciximab