title: [Interleukin-1beta-induced transdifferentiation of renal proximal tubular cells is mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of p38MAPK signaling pathway in interleukin (IL)-1beta induced transdifferentiation and its functional influences in human renal proximal tubular cell line HK-2 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human renal proximal tubular cells, cell line HK-2, were cultured and then co-incubated with IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) for 24 hours. The expression and distribution of cytokeratin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), markers of transdifferentiation of renal proximal tubular cells, were detected by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Western blot technique was used to detect the expression of alpha-SMA 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after IL-1beta stimulation. The morphology of cells was monitored from the 1st to the 5th day. Expression of alpha-SMA, phosphorylation of p38MAPK was assayed by western blot. Specific p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 was added into the culture of HK-2 cells, 24 hours later IL-1beta was added for 24 hours Cell-cell adhesion and migration assay were performed. Inverted microscopy was used to examine the morphology of cells after stimulation of IL-1beta for 24 hours. Western blot technique was used to detected total and phosphorylated p38MAPK after stimulation of IL-1beta for 2, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phosphorylation of p38MAPK was increased after treatment of IL-1beta, and reached the level of 1.7 times the basic level 5 - 30 minutes after stimulation (P < 0.05). Almost no expression of alpha-SMA was shown in the control group. Two hours after IL-1beta stimulation, the expression of alpha-SMA was increased a little followed by an up-regulated expression of alpha-SMA 6 to 48 hours after the stimulation. The expression of alpha-SMA was down-regulated by 40% in the SB203580 group in comparison with that in the control (P < 0.01) and by 50% in comparison with that in the IL-1beta group (P < 0.001). The cell number was not significantly different between the IL-1beta group and control group (P > 0.05). A decreased expression of cytokeratin and disordered distribution of alpha-SMA were shown in the cells 24 hours after stimulation of IL-1beta. The morphology of cells remained unchanged 1 to 5 days after IL-1beta stimulation. The cell-cell adhesion was almost identical in the groups with IL-1beta and/or SB203580 no in comparison with that in the control group (P > 0.05). The migration ability of HK-2 cells was 2.2 times that in the control group in the IL-1beta group (P < 0.05) and decreased by 35% in the SB203580 group (P < 0.01). SB203580 uppercased the IL-1beta-induced expression of alpha-SMA and the enhancement of cell migration ability were suppressed by 51% (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1beta induces transdifferentiation of renal proximal tubular cells characterized by alpha-SMA expression and enhanced ability of cell migration. These effects are mediated, at least in part, through the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Medicine, First Hospital and Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jia-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiao-mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007633:Keratins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011725:Pyridines; D007633:Keratins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580