IL-10 subfamily members: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26.
It has been reported that the CD4+ T cell is a very important source of interleukin 10 (IL-10), while CD8+ cells produce low amounts. IL-10 exerts several immune stimulating, as well as inhibitory effects. There are at least five novel human IL-10 family-related molecules: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26. Activated T cells produce IL-19, IL-22 and IL-26, while IL-24 is produced by activated monocytes and T-cells. IL-20 induces cheratin proliferation and Stat-3 signal transduction pathway, while IL-22 induces acute-phase production by hepatocytes and neonatal lethality with skin abnormalities reminiscent of psoriasic lesions in humans. In addition, IL-22 mediates inflammation and binds class II cytokine receptor heterodimers IL-22 RA1/CRF2-4. This cytokine is also involved in immuno-regulatory responses. IL-26 (AK155) is a novel cytokine generated by memory cells and is involved in the transformed phenotype of human T cells after infection by herpes virus. All these new IL-10 subfamily member cytokines are strongly involved in immune regulation and inflammatory responses.
Conti
P
P
Immunology Department, University of Chieti, Immunology Division, School of Medicine, Via dei Vestini, 31, Chieti 661013, Italy. pconti@unich.it
Kempuraj
D
D
Frydas
S
S
Kandere
K
K
Boucher
W
W
Letourneau
R
R
Madhappan
B
B
Sagimoto
K
K
Christodoulou
S
S
Theoharides
T C
TC
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D007378:Interleukins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D016753:Interleukin-10