title: Role of farnesoid X receptor in determining hepatic ABC transporter expression and liver injury in bile duct-ligated mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholestasis induces changes in hepatic adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression. We aimed to investigate the role of the nuclear bile acid receptor (farnesoid X receptor [FXR]) in mediating changes in ABC transporter expression and in determining liver injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatic ABC transporter (multidrug resistance-associated proteins [Mrp] 2-4 and bile salt export pump [Bsep]) expression and localization were studied in common bile duct-ligated (CBDL) FXR knockout (FXR(-/-)), wild-type (FXR(+/+)), and sham-operated mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and bile acid levels, hepatic bile acid composition, and liver histology were investigated. Cholangiomanometry and bile duct morphometry were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CBDL induced expression of Mrp 3 and Mrp 4 in FXR(+/+) and even more in FXR(-/-), whereas Mrp 2 expression remained unchanged. Bsep expression was maintained in CBDL FXR(+/+) but remained undetectable in CBDL FXR(-/-). Alanine aminotransferase levels and mortality rates did not differ between CBDL FXR(+/+) and FXR(-/-). CBDL increased biliary pressure and induced bile ductular proliferation and bile infarcts in FXR(+/+), whereas FXR(-/-) had lower biliary pressures, less ductular proliferation, and developed disseminated liver cell necroses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of Mrp 3 and Mrp 4 in CBDL mice is FXR independent and could play an important role in the adaptive hepatic ABC transporter response to cholestasis. Maintenance of Bsep expression strictly depends on FXR and is a critical determinant of the cholestatic phenotype. Lack of bile infarcts in CBDL FXR(-/-) suggests that development of bile infarcts is related to bile acid-dependent bile flow and biliary pressure. This information is relevant for the potential use of FXR modulators in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fickert
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zollner
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuchsbichler
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silbert
authors.forename: Oleksiy
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsybrovskyy
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
authors.forename: Grace L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schuetz
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Hanns-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Marschall
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trauner
mesh_terms: D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002455:Cell Division; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009336:Necrosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D000074020:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C490549:Abcb11 protein, mouse; C489540:Abcc4 protein, mouse; C114462:multidrug resistance-associated protein 3