title: Sustained efficacy and long-term safety of oxcarbazepine: one-year open-label extension of a study in refractory partial epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term efficacy, tolerability, and safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC) in medically refractory partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is the open-label extension phase that followed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, dose-response clinical study of OXC monotherapy in patients with medically refractory partial epilepsy. We analyzed the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of OXC during the first 48 weeks of open-label therapy. To evaluate efficacy, we compared the change in seizure frequency throughout the 48 weeks of treatment with OXC with the baseline seizure frequency that preceded the double-blind phase of the core study by an intent-to-treat and completer analysis. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by using an intent-to-treat analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 87 patients enrolled in the double-blind study, 76 patients participated in the open-label extension phase. Fifty-five (72%) patients completed 48 weeks of open-label treatment on a median OXC dose of 2,400 mg/day. Based on an intent-to-treat analysis, the median reduction in seizure frequency was 47%(p = 0.0054); the 50 and 75% responder rates were 46.1 and 25.0%, respectively, with 6.6% of patients remaining seizure free. The completer analysis yielded comparable efficacy results. OXC was well tolerated, with 13% of patients exiting because of adverse events. The six most common adverse events, irrespective of their causal relation to OXC, were dizziness, headache, fatigue, diplopia, nausea, and rash. For the most part, these adverse events tended to be transient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy of OXC is sustained with good safety and tolerability profiles during long-term treatment of patients with medically refractory partial epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0036, USA. beydoun@umich.edu
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beydoun
authors.forename: Rajesh C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sachdeo
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kutluay
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCague
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D002220:Carbamazepine; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine