title: Balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver surgery.
abstract: Inflammatory response in surgery is associated with the release of cytokines. Many cytokines are produced by macrophages; therefore surgical injuries to the liver may have great influence on the release of cytokines. Ischemia creates tissue injury and may contribute to the cytokine release. A balanced ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is important for appropriate immune response; excessive inflammation or hypo-responsiveness can lead to post-operative complications. To determine the magnitude of the cytokine response caused by liver surgery and to evaluate the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines released during the operation, we measured levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 in 19 patients undergoing liver resection. The results showed a continuous rise of IL-6 and a transient elevation of IL-10. Levels of TNFalpha remained low; IL-1beta was not detected at any sampling time. We conclude that liver surgery induces cytokine response characterized predominantly by an early appearance of IL-6 and IL-10, the elevation of IL-6 may be mainly caused by splanchnic ischemia. The IL-6/IL-10 ratio could possibly reflect the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver surgery better than the TNFalpha/IL-10 ratio, which can well represent inflammatory status in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: University Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. ales.jerin@kclj.si
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerin
authors.forename: Neva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pozar-Lukanovic
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sojar
authors.forename: Dragoje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanisavljevic
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paver-Erzen
authors.forename: Josko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osredkar
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10