title: Effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover affected ambulatory blood pressure and forearm vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen postmenopausal type 2 diabetics treated with diet or oral hypoglycaemic therapy completed a randomized double-blind crossover trial of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover (approximately 50 mg/day) for 4 weeks compared to placebo. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine, nitroprusside and L-nitromonomethylarginine (L-NMMA) were measured at the end of each treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower during isoflavone therapy compared to placebo (-8.0 +/- 3.4 and -4.3 +/- 1.9 mmHg respectively, p < 0.05). The increase in forearm vascular resistance following L-NMMA was significantly greater during isoflavone supplementation (20.9 +/- 6.5) than placebo (3.7 +/- 2.9 arbitrary units, p < 0.05), suggesting an improvement in basal endothelial function. Plasma lipoproteins, glycated haemoglobin and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine and nitroprusside did not differ significantly between isoflavone and placebo therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflavone supplementation from red clover may favourably influence blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. George Hospital UNSW, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brillante
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Howes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017698:Postmenopause; D029921:Trifolium; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D010936:Plant Extracts