title: Innovations in the management of hip fractures.
abstract: Hip fractures include fractures of the head, neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric regions. Head fractures commonly accompany dislocations. Neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures occur with greatest frequency in elderly patients with a low bone mineral density and are produced by low-energy mechanisms. Subtrochanteric fractures occur in a predominantly strong cortical osseous region that is exposed to large compressive stresses. Implants used to address these fractures must accommodate significant loads while the fractures consolidate. Complications secondary to hip fractures produce significant morbidity and include infection, nonunion, malunion, decubitus ulcers, fat emboli, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Teasdall
authors.forename: Lawrence X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011379:Prognosis; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome