title: Peripheral cytokine release in Alzheimer patients: correlation with disease severity.
abstract: Various studies suggested that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated cytokine release from LPS-stimulated blood cells of 32 AD patients, with different disease severity, compared to 16 age-related controls. A significant decrease of IL-1beta and IL-6 secretion was observed in severely demented patients; TNF-alpha release was also decreased, but not significantly. By contrast, mild and moderate patients showed a cytokine release similar to controls. IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion was negatively correlated with the severity of dementia, quantified by the MMSE. Our data suggest that alterations of the immune profile are associated with AD progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, via Donizetti, 106, Monza 20052 (MI), Italy.
authors.forename: Gessica
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canevari
authors.forename: Maria Elisabetta
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Raggi
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Isella
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Facheris
authors.forename: Ildebrando
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Appollonio
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrarese
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003348:Cortisone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003348:Cortisone