title: Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula identified by three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography--technical note.
abstract: Conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) identified a right carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF). Three-dimensional DSA (3D-DSA) was used to evaluate the CCF before treatment. The 3D-DSA images showed the anatomical relationship of the parent artery and the veins, which was difficult to understand on conventional DSA. The endoscopic image revealed the fistula and cavernous sinus. The direction and location of the fistula could be confirmed. However, the size of the fistula significantly varied depending on the adjustment of the window thresholds, so the balloon size could not be selected based on the images. Catheterization and subsequent embolization of the cavernous sinus with a detachable balloon via the femoral artery was successfully accomplished by referring to the 3D-DSA images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan. nsfuji@khaki.plala.or.jp
authors.forename: Fujimaro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murao
authors.forename: Waro
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Taki
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods