One- and two-item measures of pain beliefs and coping strategies.
Pain-related beliefs and pain coping strategies are central components of current cognitive-behavioral models of chronic pain, and have been found in numerous studies to be associated significantly with psychosocial and physical disability. However, the length of most measures of pain-related beliefs and coping restricts the ability of clinicians and researchers to perform a thorough assessment of these variables in many situations. The availability of very brief versions of existing scales would make possible the assessment of a range of important pain beliefs and coping strategies in settings where subject or patient assessment burden is an issue. In this study, one- and two-item versions of the subscales of several commonly used measures of pain beliefs and coping strategies were developed using both rational and empirical procedures. The findings support the validity of these brief subscales. The appropriate use and limitations of these measures are discussed.
Jensen
Mark P
MP
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, P.O. Box 356490, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-6490, USA Multidisciplinary Pain Center, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 N.E. Pacific, Seattle, WA 98195-6044, USA Pain Prevention and Treatment Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 3159, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA Department of Psychology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 356560, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA.
Keefe
Francis J
FJ
Lefebvre
John C
JC
Romano
Joan M
JM
Turner
Judith A
JA
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results