title: Echocardiographic predictors of hemodynamic response and significance of dyspnea development in patients with mitral stenosis during dobutamine stress echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In mitral stenosis (MS) patients, resting hemodynamic data do not always correlate with symptom severity. Stress tests may be carried out in these patients, but the mechanisms of different hemodynamic and clinical responses to stress are not clearly established. The study aim was to evaluate hemodynamic changes that correlate with dyspnea development during dobutamine infusion (DI) in patients with MS, and to assess determinants of transmitral gradient response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five consecutive mild or moderately symptomatic patients (36 women, nine men; mean age 44 +/- 10 years; range: 26-66 years), in NYHA class II and with MS (mean mitral valve area (MVA) 1.6 +/- 0.1 cm2; range: 1.5-1.9 cm2) were evaluated with dobutamine stress echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During DI, dyspnea developed in 12 patients, and 33 patients remained asymptomatic. During infusion, both mean transmitral gradient (6 +/- 3 versus 11 +/- 6 mmHg, p = 0.01) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (13 +/- 4 versus 21 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.001) were significantly increased in patients who developed dyspnea compared to others. Hence, a subgroup of patients with more serious MS was identified using the hemodynamic response to dobutamine. Based on these clinical and hemodynamic results, management was changed in 12 patients (27%); five underwent percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy and seven received intensive medical treatment. In all patients, PASP at rest (p = 0.001), MVA (p < 0.0001) and subvalvular mitral score (p = 0.004), which is indicative of mitral valve damage, were significantly correlated with mean mitral valve gradient response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that patients in whom dyspnea is provoked during DI show a greater increase in hemodynamic parameters than patients in whom provocation does not occur. The mean mitral valve gradient-response correlates with baseline pulmonary artery pressure, MVA and subvalvular echo score, and may be predicted by these parameters. Association between dyspnea and presence of severe mitral valve hemodynamics showed a high sensitivity and negative and positive predictive value. It is possible that dyspnea may be of value in identifying those patients with significant mitral valve obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aytül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belgi
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yalcinkaya
authors.forename: Dogan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Umuttan
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gölbasi
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kabukcu
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sancaktar
authors.forename: Filiz Ersel
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Tüzüner
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002404:Catheterization; D004231:Diuresis / Q000502:physiology; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004280:Dobutamine