Effect of a high-linolenic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, and meat quality in the growing pig.
Forty-eight Duroc-cross gilts (40 kg initial BW) were fed a control or a linseed diet containing 60 g of whole crushed linseed/kg. Both diets were supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E/kg. Eight pigs from each dietary treatment were slaughtered at 20, 60, or 100 d after the start of the experiment. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of diet on growth, carcass characteristics, or foreloin tissue composition. Feeding the linseed diet increased (P < 0.05) the content of n-3 PUFA in plasma, muscle, and adipose tissue, but docosahexaenoic acid was not (P > 0.05) altered by diet. The proportions of n-3 PUFA were highest (P < 0.01) in pigs fed the linseed-diet for 60 d, regardless of tissue (plasma, muscle, or adipose tissue) or lipid (neutral lipids and phospholipids) class. The linseed diet produced a PUFA:saturated fatty acid ratio > or = 0.4 in all groups and tissues, which is close to the recommended value for the entire diet of humans, as well as a robust decrease in the n-6:n-3 ratio. The decrease (P < 0.01) in the percentage of oleic acid in adipose tissue of pigs fed the linseed diet for 60 d could be attributed to a 40% decrease (P < 0.001) in stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activity. Diet did not (P > 0.05) affect the activities of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase, malic enzyme, or glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase in any tissues. Muscle vitamin E content was decreased (P < 0.001) 30% in pigs fed crushed linseed for 60 d, whereas lower (P < 0.001) concentrations of skatole in pork fat were observed in linseed-fed pigs at all slaughter times. Inclusion of linseed (flaxseed) in swine diets is a valid method of improving the nutritional value of pork without deleteriously affecting organoleptic characteristics, oxidation, or color stability.
Kouba
M
M
Unité Mixte de Recherches Veau-Porc INRA-ENSAR, 35 590 Saint-Gilles, France. kouba@st-gilles.rennes.inra.fr
Enser
M
M
Whittington
F M
FM
Nute
G R
GR
Wood
J D
JD
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D012639:Seeds; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D014810:Vitamin E; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases