title: [EMG support in botulinum toxin treatment].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this work is to sum up how the use of EMG improves BT therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature in the Pub Med computer database, along with a manual biography, allowed us to choose the most synthetic and the most pertinent publications according to our own practical experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no consensus of opinion, but the great majority of authors emphasize the importance of EMG in the different stages of botulinum toxin treatment: before injections, at the time of the injection, and finally during the follow-up after the first injection or after the repeated injections that transient efficiency make necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A symptomatic therapeutic means recently recognized in focal dystonias and spasticity, BT is injected locally into the muscles to be treated. EMG can be used: at pre-injection for physiopathological evaluation but above all to establish a diagnosis and precise pre-intervention evaluation; at the moment of injection to provide guidance in precise muscle selection and for maximum efficiency with reduced, therefore less costly, doses. It also limits the risk of product diffusion susceptible of causing iatrogenic side effects and/or auto-immunisation resulting in resistance to the toxin; during follow-up, to understand why treatment failed and to look for changes in the dystonia pattern leading to objective re-evaluations and adapted reinjections. Although neglected by some, electrological logistics seem to us, as to many other practitioners who inject, to be a considerably helpful aid, particularly at the moment of injection when targeting the muscle to be treated.
authors.affiliation: Explorations et pathologies neuromusculaires, CHU Jean-Minjoz, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France. guy.monnier@univ-fcomte.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monnier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parratte
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tatu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cosson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Metton
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins