title: Distinct brain representations for early and late learned words.
abstract: Recently there has been a renewed interest in cognitive psychology on the effects of the age of word acquisition (AoA) on lexical processing. In particular, it is currently unclear whether AoA or word frequency are better predictors of word recognition. To date no study has investigated the neural bases of the AoA effect or attempted to dissociate it from word frequency. We report a visual and an auditory event-related fMRI experiment investigating the influence of AoA and word frequency on neural activity, and show that AoA modulates brain areas that are not influenced by word frequency. The precuneus was activated for early learned words across auditory and visual presentation modalities. Additional activity in the auditory cortex was observed specifically for the reading of early acquired words. Late learned words, in contrast, led to a selective activation increase in lateral inferior frontal areas. These findings support models that suggest that early and late learned words are represented differently in the brain. They further allow to specify the nature of the representational differences, namely that early learned words are represented in the brain in a more sensory manner than late learned words.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, PO Box 500 355, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany. fiebach@cns.mpg.de
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fiebach
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Friederici
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: D Yves
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: von Cramon
authors.forename: Arturo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011932:Reading; D012660:Semantics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*