title: The diagnosis and management of pre-invasive breast disease: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)--current definitions and classification.
abstract: Intraductal epithelial proliferations of the breast are at present classified into three groups; distinction is made histologically and clinically between usual epithelial hyperplasia and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and between ADH and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Although evidence indicates that these boundaries are not ideal on a morphological, immunohistochemical, or genetic basis, this three-tier system is accepted and used at present. The current definitions, histological features, and system of classification of ADH and DCIS are described in this manuscript.
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham and Nottingham City Hospital NSH Trust, Nottingham, UK. sarah.pinder@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pinder
authors.forename: Ian O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy