title: Biochemical characterization of an exonuclease from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals similarities to the DNA exonuclease of the human Werner syndrome protein.
abstract: The human Werner syndrome protein (hWRN-p) possessing DNA helicase and exonuclease activities is essential for genome stability. Plants have no homologue of this bifunctional protein, but surprisingly the Arabidopsis genome contains a small open reading frame (ORF) (AtWRNexo) with homology to the exonuclease domain of hWRN-p. Expression of this ORF in Escherichia coli revealed an exonuclease activity for AtWRN-exo-p with similarities but also some significant differences to hWRN-p. The protein digests recessed strands of DNA duplexes in the 3' --> 5' direction but hardly single-stranded DNA or blunt-ended duplexes. In contrast to the Werner exonuclease, AtWRNexo-p is also able to digest 3'-protruding strands. DNA with recessed 3'-PO4 and 3'-OH termini is degraded to a similar extent. AtWRNexo-p hydrolyzes the 3'-recessed strand termini of duplexes containing mismatched bases. AtWRNexo-p needs the divalent cation Mg2+ for activity, which can be replaced by Mn2+. Apurinic sites, cholesterol adducts, and oxidative DNA damage (such as 8-oxoadenine and 8-oxoguanine) inhibit or block the enzyme. Other DNA modifications, including uracil, hypoxanthine and ethenoadenine, did not inhibit AtWRNexo-p. A mutation of a conserved residue within the exonuclease domain (E135A) completely abolished the exonucleolytic activity. Our results indicate that a type of WRN-like exonuclease activity seems to be a common feature of the DNA metabolism of animals and plants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Plchova
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Puchta
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D017354:Point Mutation; D053484:RecQ Helicases; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D008345:Manganese; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D004265:DNA Helicases; D053484:RecQ Helicases; C098785:WRN protein, human; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase; D008274:Magnesium