title: Germ cell transplantation in an azoospermic Klinefelter bull.
abstract: Germ cell transplantation is a technique that transfers donor testicular cells into recipient testes. A population of germ cells can colonize the recipient testis, initiate spermatogenesis, and produce sperm capable of fertilization. In the present study, a nonmosaic Klinefelter bull was used as a germ cell recipient. The donor cell suspension was introduced into the rete testis using ultrasound-guided puncture. A pulsatile administration of GnRH was performed to stimulate spermatogenesis. The molecular approach to detect donor cells was done by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction with allele discrimination based on a genetic mutation between donor and recipient. Therefore, a known genetic mutation, associated with coat-color phenotype, was used to calculate the ratio of donor to recipient cells in the biopsy specimens and ejaculates for 10 mo. After slaughtering, meiotic preparations were performed. The injected germ cells did not undergo spermatogenesis. Six months after germ cell transplantation, the donor cells were rejected, which indicates that the donor cells could not incorporate in the testis. The hormone stimulation showed that the testosterone-producing Leydig cells were functionally intact. Despite subfertility therapy, neither the recipient nor the donor cells underwent spermatogenesis. Therefore, nonmosaic Klinefelter bulls are not suitable as germ cell recipients. Future germ cell recipients in cattle could be mosaic Klinefelters, interspecies hybrids, bulls with Sertoli cell-only syndrome, or bulls with disrupted germ cell migration caused by RNA interference.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. hannes.joerg@inw.agrl.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joerg
authors.forename: Fredi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Janett
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schlatt
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graphodatskaya
authors.forename: Duangsmorn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suwattana
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stranzinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009030:Mosaicism; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000637:transplantation*; D013737:Testis / Q000637:transplantation; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone