title: Carrier risk status changes resulting from mutation testing in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and hereditary breast-ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In hereditary cancer syndrome families with an identified cancer associated mutation, mutation testing changes the carrier risk status of the tested person and may change the carrier risk status of relatives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe the change in the distribution of carrier risk status resulting from testing in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort included members of 75 HBOC and 47 HNPCC families. Of the 10 910 cohort members, 1408 were tested for a mutation and learned their test results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carrier risk for all cohort members was assessed before and after mutation testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a change in carrier risk status in 2906 subjects after testing of 1408 family members. The most common type of carrier risk change, from at risk to non-carrier status, accounted for 77% of the risk changes; 12% were a change to known carrier status from a lower risk. Sixty percent of persons with a carrier risk status change were not themselves tested; their risk status changed because of a relative's test result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carrier risk status changes from uncertainty to certainty (that is, to carrier or to non-carrier) account for 89% of risk changes resulting from testing. These risk changes affect cancer prevention recommendations, most commonly reducing their burden. Current practices do not ensure that untested family members are informed about changes in their carrier risk status which result from mutation testing of their relatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. patrice@creighton.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Narod
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fodde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tinley
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Coronel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinarsky
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein