title: Long-term statin use and psychological well-being.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to study the effect of long-term statin use on psychometric measures in an adult population with underlying coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested associations between cholesterol lowering and psychological well-being.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were recruited from an outpatient cardiology clinic. Psychological well-being was assessed at baseline and annually during follow-up. The exposure of interest was long-term statin use and the outcomes of interest were depression, anxiety, and hostility. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) that represented the strength of association between statin use (vs. no use of any cholesterol-lowering drug) and the risk of having abnormal depression, anxiety, and hostility scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study subjects had an average follow-up of four years and maximum of seven years. Comparing the 140 patients who had continuous use of statins with the 231 patients who did not use any cholesterol-lowering drugs, statin use was associated with lower risk of abnormal depression scores (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.93), anxiety (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.99), and hostility (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.93) after adjustment for the propensity for statin use and potential confounders. The beneficial psychological effects of the statins appeared to be independent of the drugs' cholesterol-lowering effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term use of statins among patients with CAD appeared to be associated with reduced risk of anxiety, depression, and hostility.
authors.affiliation: Lown Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446, USA. yyoungxu@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Yinong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Young-Xu
authors.forename: K Arnold
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravid
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Blatt
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors