title: Angular photogrammetric analysis of the soft tissue facial profile.
abstract: All medical specialties interested in improving facial appearance need to measure the face to quantify the desired facial changes. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain objective average measurements of the soft tissue facial profile to use them as a guide for aesthetic treatment goals. The analysis of the soft tissue facial profile from photographic records provides information on the morphology of the profile and its relationship with the underlying dentoskeletal tissues. In this investigation the soft tissue facial profile of a young adult European Caucasian population (212 individual, 50 males and 162 females, 18-20 years of age) was studied by means of standardized photographic records taken in the natural head position (NHP). Angular measurements were analysed digitally. Sexual dimorphism was found for several angles: nasofrontal (G-N-Prn: P < 0.01), vertical nasal (Cm-Sn/N-Prn: P < 0.01), nasal (N-Prn/TV: P < 0.01), nasal dorsum (N-Mn-Prn: P < 0.05), and mandibular contour (C-Me/G-Pg: P < 0.01). Wide individual variations in nasolabial and mentolabial angles were also observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernández-Riveiro
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smyth-Chamosa
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suárez-Quintanilla
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suárez-Cunqueiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010780:Photogrammetry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013030:Spain; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D044465:White People