title: Visualization of localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects with the GDx with individualized and with fixed compensation of anterior segment birefringence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the visualization of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects in GDx images with fixed and with individualized compensation of anterior segment birefringence (FC and IC, respectively) with their visualization in red-free fundus photographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight eyes of six glaucoma patients with localized, wedge-shaped RNFL defects in red-free fundus photographs with matching visual field defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We imaged all eyes with a GDx equipped with a variable corneal compensator (VCC). The VCC replaced the standard fixed compensator and could be set to compensate for birefringence of up to 120 nm at any axis. Individual anterior segment birefringence was estimated from a macular retardation profile that resulted from the interaction between birefringence of the anterior segment and that of Henle's fiber layer. Measurements of RNFL retardation were made with the GDx with FC (60 nm of retardation with a slow axis of 15 degrees nasally downward) and with IC. Maps of retardation measurements with FC and IC were superimposed on red-free fundus photographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visualization of localized RNFL defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Localized RNFL defects were visible in GDx retardation maps obtained with IC. The defects closely matched those observed in red-free fundus photographs. With FC, however, the GDx retardation images did not correlate well with red-free fundus photography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An individualized anterior segment compensation in the GDx improves the visualization of localized glaucomatous loss.
authors.affiliation: The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicolaas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Colen
authors.forename: Hans G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lemij
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001718:Birefringence; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*