title: Detection of chromosome 21-encoded mRNA of placental origin in maternal plasma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  mRNA of placental origin (i.e., human placental lactogen and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) has been demonstrated to be easily detectable in maternal plasma. We tested whether detection of chromosome 21-encoded mRNA of placental origin is possible in maternal plasma obtained during the first trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples were obtained from pregnant women between weeks 9-13 of pregnancy. RNA was isolated from 800 or 1600 microL of plasma by silica-based affinity isolation and, after on-column DNase treatment, was subjected to two-step, one-tube reverse transcription-PCR with gene specific primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three chromosome 21-encoded genes located within the Down syndrome critical region with overexpression in trisomy 21 placentas were screened for expression in early placental tissue to select their potential use for RNA based plasma screening. One of the chromosome 21-encoded genes (LOC90625) showed strong expression in first trimester placenta similar to CSH1 (human placental lactogen) and was selected for plasma analysis. The RNA isolation assay was validated with CSH1 mRNA, which could be detected in the plasma of all women tested in weeks 9-13 of pregnancy. RNA from the chromosome 21-encoded, placentally expressed gene, LOC90625, was present in maternal first-trimester plasma and could be detected in 60% of maternal plasma samples when 800 microL of plasma was used and in 100% of samples when 1600 microL of plasma was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of chromosome 21-encoded mRNA of placental origin in maternal plasma during the first trimester may allow development of plasma-RNA-based strategies for prenatal prediction of Down syndrome. LOC90625 is a candidate gene for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cees B M
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Oudejans
authors.forename: Attie T J J
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Allerdien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Monique A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mulders
authors.forename: Bart A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Westerman
authors.forename: Marinus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blankenstein
authors.forename: John M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Vugt
mesh_terms: D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger