title: Relationship of locus of control in women with migraine and healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate potential differences in various aspects of personality in women with migraine with aura, without aura, and in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following instruments were used to evaluate a sample of 35 women with migraine with aura, 35 women with migraine without aura, and 35 healthy women: Locus of Control and Competence Questionnaire, Health Locus of Control Questionnaire, Trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the depression scale by von Zerssen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in generalized locus of control beliefs among the 3 groups. Migraineurs with aura were found to score very low on the social locus of control scale. Statistically significant differences were found regarding anxiety in migraineurs with aura as opposed to migraineurs without aura and healthy control subjects. As for depression, migraineurs with aura were significantly more likely to indicate feelings of worthlessness and lack of self-confidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that migraineurs with aura differ from migraineurs without aura and healthy control subjects in terms of anxiety and depression. With regard to health-related locus of control, there was no correlation among mean number of migraine attacks per year, duration of disease, time of last migraine attack, and number of aura symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pain and Headache Center, General Hospital, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lampl
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heuberger
authors.forename: Selina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Kambiz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yazdi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buzath
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kemetzhofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000523:psychology; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000523:psychology; D011897:Random Allocation