title: [Protection against electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phone facilities in Poland and the European Union countries].
abstract: In personal communication, the mobile phone systems have developed most rapidly. To enlarge the area of mobile phone availability one needs to fine a base antenna network. This means that the base antennas are closer and closer to people. Each antenna is the source of electromagnetic fields, and thus it has to be designed carefully with respect to public health. The standards are different for the general public and for occupational groups. In Polish standards, the limits for the frequency range of 0.3-300 GHz are expressed in power density with value of 0.1 W/m2. The EU standards are more sophisticated as they relate limit values to frequencies. This paper presents these values and other limits binding in the EU countries. Other limits are laid down for the population of workers. In this respect, there is a considerable discrepancy between the Polish and EU standards. The approach to standard setting is quite different. The Polish standards are exactly determined and very restrictive. They require from operators to take great care in establishing new base stations. The question whether the Polish standards should be compatible with the European Union standards remains still open. The EU regulations do not require any change in the standardization of member states if their standards prove to be more restrictive. From 1998, a tendency towards more restrictive limits, especially in respect to the general population, has been observed.
authors.affiliation: Polskiej Telefonii Cyfrowej Sp. z o.o. w Warszawie. ADackiewicz@era.pl
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dackiewicz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone / Q000592:standards*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000592:standards*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D004782:Environmental Health / Q000592:standards*; D005062:European Union; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000592:standards; D016272:Occupational Health; D011044:Poland; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011835:Radiation Protection; D013997:Time Factors