Percutaneous stenting of incidental unilateral renal artery stenosis: decision analysis of costs and benefits.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of prophylactic percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent placement (PTA-S) in patients with incidentally discovered, asymptomatic renal artery stenosis (RAS) compared to delaying PTA-S until patients develop refractory hypertension or renal insufficiency (therapeutic PTA-S).


METHODS
The Markov decision analysis model was used to determine the incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) saved for prophylactic PTA-S as compared to therapeutic PTA-S in a hypothetical cohort of patients with 50% unilateral atherosclerotic RAS followed from age 61 to death.


RESULTS
Prophylactic PTA-S compared to therapeutic PTA-S results in more QALYs/patient (10.9 versus 10.3) at higher lifetime costs ($23,664 versus $16,558). The incremental cost effectiveness of prophylactic PTA-S was estimated to be $12,466/QALY. Prophylactic stenting was not cost effective (>$50,000/QALY) if the modeled incidence of stent restenosis exceeded 15%/year and the incidence of progression in the contralateral renal artery was <2% of arteries/year.


CONCLUSIONS
PTA-S of incidental, asymptomatic unilateral RAS may improve patients' quality of life at an acceptable incremental cost. However, this technology should be used hesitantly until a randomized comparison confirms its effectiveness.
Axelrod
David A
DA
Departments of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 498109-0604, USA. devaxe@umich.edu
Fendrick
A Mark
AM
Carlos
Ruth C
RC
Lederman
Robert J
RJ
Froehlich
James B
JB
Weder
Alan B
AB
Abrahamse
Paul H
PH
Stanley
James C
JC
D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008390:Markov Chains; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents / Q000191:economics*