title: Unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms: a management strategy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate an optimal managenent strategy for unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms, the authors retrospectively reviewed their experience in the treatment of 100 patients who underwent 112 procedures for111 paraclinoid aneurysms performed using direct surgery and/or endovascular treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2002, 111 unruptured paraclinoid aneurysms categorized according to a modified al-Rodhan classification (Group la, 30 anterior wall lesions; Group lb, 25 ventral paraclinoid lesions; Group IL 18 true ophthalmic artery lesions; Group III, 37 carotid cave lesions; and Group IV, one transitional lesion) were treated by direct surgery (35 lesions) and/or endovascular treatment (77 lesions) (one aneurysm was treated by both procedures). In lesions in Groups Ia, Ib, II, and III that were treated by endovascular treatment, complete aneurysm obliteration was achieved in 50, 65, 50, and 78%, respectively, and the combined transient and permanent morbidity rates due to cerebral embolic events were 20, 25, 20, and 13.9%, respectively. Overall, the transient morbidity rate after endovascular treatment was 14.3% and the permanent morbidity rate was 6.5%. Notably, permanent visual deficits caused by retinal embolism occurred after endovascular treatment in two patients with Group II aneurysms. Direct surgery was mainly performed in Groups Ia (20 lesions), Ib (five lesions), and II (eight lesions), with complete neck clip occlusion achieved in 80, 80, and 71.4%, respectively; the transient and permanent morbidity rates associated with aneurysms treated by surgery were 8.6 and 2.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular therapy for superiorly projecting paraclinoid aneurysms (Groups Ia and II) is associated with lower rates of complete obliteration than direct surgery, and with rates of cerebral embolic events comparable to those of endovascular treatment in the other groups. Furthermore, endovascular treatment for Group II aneurysms entails additional risks of retinal embolism. Therefore, direct surgery is recommended for the treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms projecting superiorly. For other groups, especially for Group III, endovascular treatment is the acceptable first line of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan. kiihara@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iihara
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murao
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: Jun C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology