title: Effects of cyclo (his-pro) plus zinc on glucose metabolism in genetically diabetic obese mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The specific objective of this study was to determine acute and long-term effects of cyclo (his-pro) (CHP) plus zinc and l-histidine (CZH) treatment on glucose metabolism in genetically obese (ob/ob), type 2 diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute effects of 0.3 mg of CHP plus 10 mg of zinc and 0.5 mg of l-histidine/kg body weight (BW) on fed blood glucose concentrations and 3-h average of above fasting blood glucose concentrations (TAFGCs), an index of oral glucose tolerance test, in lean and ob/ob mice were determined. To evaluate long-term effects of CZH on TAFGCs, lean and ob/ob mice were treated with drinking water containing increasing doses of CHP (0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/l) plus 10 mg zinc and 0.5 mg of l-histidine/l for 3 weeks. During the treatment period, fed blood glucose concentrations, BW and food and water intake were determined. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose concentrations, TAFGC and fed plasma insulin concentrations were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood glucose concentrations significantly decreased when CZH was administered acutely via gastric gavage in food-deprived ob/ob mice. Similarly, 1.0 mg/l CHP treatment of mice with fixed amounts of 10 mg zinc and 0.5 mg l-histidine/l was optimal to decrease fed blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations during a 3-week treatment period in ob/ob mice. TAFGC values in these mice also improved most significantly with the same combination of CHP, zinc and l-histidine used to test for fed blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Fasting blood glucose concentrations and BW gains also decreased in ob/ob mice treated with 1.0 mg of CHP/l plus the same amount of zinc and l-histidine used in the above experiments. No effects of CZH treatment in lean mice were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CZH is effective in decreasing blood glucose concentrations in genetically obese (ob/ob), type 2 diabetic mice. These data support our working hypothesis that CZH may be an important anti-hyperglycaemic agent.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: V L W
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010879:Piperazines; D015032:Zinc; C015924:histidyl-proline diketopiperazine