title: Stress reactions in Vitis vinifera L. following soil application of the herbicide flumioxazin.
abstract: In order to evaluate the stress effects of flumioxazin (fmx) on grapevine, a non-target plant (Vitis vinifera L.), physiological parameters such as carbohydrate content, water status or nitrogenous metabolites were investigated on fruiting cuttings and plants grown in vineyard. In the leaves of cuttings, the soil-applied herbicide induced stress manifestations including a decrease of the dry weight percentage and the soluble carbohydrate content during the first week after treatment. Thereafter, a decrease of the osmotic potential was observed, as well as a decrease of total protein content and a parallel accumulation of free amino acids, including proline. Altogether, these results suggest that soil-applied fmx induced a stress in grapevines, leading to leaf proteolysis. However, this stress was partially recovered 3 weeks after herbicide application, suggesting that the cuttings were capable to adapt to the fmx exposure. In the vineyard, the flumioxazin effects were still significant 5 months after the treatment, particularly in the CH cv. They included a decrease of the leaf dry weight percentage and soluble carbohydrate content, as well as an increase of the osmotic potential. The decrease of leaf soluble carbohydrates may have dramatic consequences for the berry growth and the reserve constitution. Moreover, treated plants were characterized by a decrease of the free amino acid content and an accumulation of ammonium, while the protein level did not significantly increase, suggesting a degradation of amino acids. The alteration of carbon and nitrogen status after herbicide treatment may affect the grapevine vigour in a long term.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, URVVC UPRES EA 2069, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saladin
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magné
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clément
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000502:physiology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010797:Phthalimides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects; D011392:Proline / Q000187:drug effects; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D048588:Benzoxazines; D002241:Carbohydrates; D006540:Herbicides; D010078:Oxazines; D010797:Phthalimides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011392:Proline; C106487:flumioxazin