title: Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injection regimens in children with type 1 diabetes: a randomized open crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and feasibility of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) in children with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included 23 children (10 males) aged 9.4 to 13.9 years with type 1 diabetes. An open randomized crossover design was used to compare 3.5 months of CSII to 3.5 months of MDI therapy for the following variables: diabetic control, incidence of adverse events, daily insulin requirement, body mass index standard deviation scores, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The changes in HbA(1c) and fructoseamine values were similar in the 2 arms over time. At the end of the study, mean HbA(1c) level measured 8.05 +/- 0.78%. There were no differences between the treatment modes in frequency of symptomatic hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events. There was 1 event of severe hypoglycemia during pump therapy and 3 during MDI, yielding a rate of 0.26 events per patient-year. There were no episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. Body mass index standard deviation scores decreased during CSII and increased during MDI, as did mean insulin dose. Patients expressed a higher treatment satisfaction from CSII than MDI, although there was no difference in quality of life between the 2 modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive insulin therapy by either insulin pump or MDI is safe in children and young adolescents with type 1 diabetes, with similar diabetes control and a very low rate of adverse events. We suggest that both modes be available to the diabetic team to better tailor therapy.
authors.affiliation: Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. nweintrob@clalit.org.il
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weintrob
authors.forename: Hadassa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benzaquen
authors.forename: Avinoam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galatzer
authors.forename: Shlomit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shalitin
authors.forename: Liora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fayman
authors.forename: Pearl
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lilos
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dickerman
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillip
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin