title: Overexpression of BAD preferentially augments anoikis.
abstract: BAD is a BH3-only protein, and its proapoptotic activity is negatively regulated by serine phosphorylation. Here, we show that overexpression of BAD preferentially augments anchorage loss-induced apoptosis (anoikis). Gene transfer-mediated BAD overexpression alone did not induce apoptosis in attached MDCK cells but strongly augmented apoptosis when cells were cultured in suspension. In contrast, overexpression of another BH3-only protein, BID, displayed much lower augmentation of anoikis, suggesting a preferential contribution of BAD to anoikis. During suspension culture, unphosphorylated BAD was gradually increased and targeted to the mitochondria. Cotransfection of BAD with constitutively active Akt cDNA strongly inhibited this change. In contrast, the increase of unphosphorylated BAD was not significantly inhibited by several phosphatase inhibitors or cotransfection with a dominant negative calcineurin cDNA, implying that the increase may be mainly due to a decrease of serine kinase activity, such as that of Akt. Similar results were observed in COS-7 cells, suggesting that BAD overexpression can increase sensitivity of anchorage-dependent cancer cells to anoikis. Thus, we propose that BAD can serve as a valuable gene therapeutic molecule to inhibit carcinoma progression.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idogawa
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Takae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Kohzoh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023102:Anoikis; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
chemical_list: C494819:BAD protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012694:Serine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020169:Caspases