title: Citalopram for compulsive shopping disorder: an open-label study followed by double-blind discontinuation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Open-label trials suggested that fluvoxamine and citalopram may be effective for compulsive shopping disorder, but 2 double-blind fluvoxamine trials failed to confirm this. To test the hypothesis that citalopram is a safe, effective treatment for this disorder, we conducted a 7-week, open-label trial followed by a 9-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled discontinuation trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  From Jan. 2001 to Jan. 2002, we enrolled adult outpatients meeting diagnostic criteria suggested in a prior study for compulsive shopping disorder and having a score of >/= 17 on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Shopping Version (YBOCS-SV). Open-label citalopram was started at 20 mg/day and increased, absent marked response and limiting side effects, to 60 mg/day. Responders (subjects rated "much improved" or "very much improved" on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale [CGI-I] and having a >/= 50% decrease in YBOCS-SV score) were randomized to double-blind citalopram treatment at the week 7 dose or placebo for 9 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 24 subjects (23 women and 1 man). Mean +/- SD YBOCS-SV scores decreased significantly from 24.3 +/- 4.6 at baseline to 8.2 +/- 8.1 at week 7 (Wilcoxon signed rank: z = 4.20, p <.001). Fifteen of 24 subjects (63%) met the responder criteria. Three subjects (13%) discontinued for adverse events (1 each for headache, rash, and insomnia). Of the 15 responders who entered the double-blind treatment phase, 5 of 8 (63%) randomized to placebo relapsed (YBOCS-SV score >/= 17 and "minimally improved" or less on the CGI-I) compared with none of 7 randomized to continue taking citalopram (Fisher exact test p =.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Citalopram appears to be a safe and effective treatment for compulsive shopping disorder. Further trials of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Calif., USA. lkoran@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Lorrin M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Koran
authors.forename: Helen W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chuong
authors.forename: Kim D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: S Christine
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014256:Trichotillomania / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors