title: Multistate evaluation of invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection: serotype and antimicrobial resistance patterns in the United States.
abstract: Persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have a higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) than other adults, and many receive long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) prophylactic therapy. We used 1998-1999 data from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance of the Emerging Infections Program Network to compare IPD infections between adults aged 18-64 years with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other adults. Of 2346 patients with IPD, 416 (18%) had HIV or AIDS (HIV/AIDS). Certain serotypes (serotypes 6A, 6B, 9N, 9V, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F) were more common among patients with HIV/AIDS than in adults with no underlying disease (P<.05, vs. serotype 4), even when TMP-SMZ-nonsusceptible isolates were excluded. HIV/AIDS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.59), immunocompromising conditions other than HIV/AIDS (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.12-2.18), and black race (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.20-1.88) were independent risk factors for infection with these serotypes. HIV/AIDS was not an independent risk factor for TMP-SMZ nonsusceptibility. Vulnerability to certain serotypes among adults with HIV/AIDS may have implications in prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Facklam
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Plikaytis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuchat
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination