title: When the world health organization analgesic therapies ladder fails: the role of invasive analgesic therapies.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Palliative Care Unit, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA. user479069@aol.com.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coyne
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing; D002447:Celiac Plexus / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing / Q000601:surgery*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine