title: The value of combining anterior segment fluorescein angiography with indocyanine green angiography in scleral inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the value of anterior segment indocyanine green (ICG) angiography combined with anterior segment fluorescein angiography in scleral inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 18 patients with various forms of scleral and episcleral disease and a single normal subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior segment angiography using both ICG and fluorescein was performed to identify any vascular abnormalities and pathologic changes in the anterior segment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pathologic criteria for anterior segment fluorescein angiography described by Watson and Bovey (1995) were used to compare and contrast the results of the angiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescein angiography and ICG angiography provide different and complementary information. Both dyes have different leakage patterns caused by their difference in optical and chemical properties. Areas of slow flow are more readily determined with fluorescein angiography. ICG angiography determines damage to and patency of individual vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescein angiography and ICG angiography detect areas of damage not clinically visible and can be useful in the differential diagnosis, the selection of appropriate medication, and monitoring and regulation of treatment in scleritis. To obtain the most information both investigations should be performed sequentially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuizen
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Katinka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emmanouilidis-van der Spek
authors.forename: Jan E E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Keunen
authors.forename: Martine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jager
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D015590:Fluorophotometry; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015423:Scleritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green