title: Cumulative delivery rates after ICSI treatment cycles with freshly retrieved testicular sperm: a 7-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess cumulative delivery rates in patients with non-obstructive or obstructive azoospermia following treatment by testicular sperm extraction (TESE)-ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort follow-up study was conducted. Between January 1994 and December 2000, 364 couples with obstructive azoospermia underwent a total of 609 fresh TESE-ICSI treatment cycles. In addition, 303 fresh TESE-ICSI treatment cycles were performed in 235 couples for non-obstructive azoospermia. This study included only patients in whom sperm was recovered. In the non-obstructive group, only patients with maturation arrest, atrophic sclerosis and germ cell aplasia were included. The main outcome measure was a delivery beyond 25 weeks gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with obstructive azoospermia, the crude delivery rate after three cycles was 35% while the expected cumulative delivery rate was 48% [95% confidence interval (CI), 41-55]. On the other hand, in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, the crude cumulative delivery rate after three treatment cycles was 17% while the expected delivery rate was 31% (95% CI, 15-46). A high dropout rate in couples with both non-obstructive and obstructive azoospermia was observed (75 and 50% respectively, after the first cycle).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that there is a value in performing several TESE-ICSI attempts in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. The estimates of the non-obstructive group beginning from the third cycle are less reliable due to fewer patients. However, overall, the obstructive group performed better than the non-obstructive group.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium. osmanagaoglu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osmanagaoglu
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vernaeve
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kolibianakis
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tournaye
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camus
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
mesh_terms: D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013737:Testis; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting