title: Effects of elevated serum prolactin on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in female patients with schizophrenia: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to prospectively examine differential effects of sustained "high" and "low" serum prolactin levels on bone mineral density and peripheral markers of bone metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer was used to measure bone mineral density. Peripheral markers of bone formation and resorption were used to measure bone metabolism in 14 Caucasian female patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone or olanzapine monotherapy over 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses of variance failed to show an association between elevated prolactin and bone mineral loss over time. However, higher rates of bone formation and resorption were seen in those with high prolactin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results failed to show that elevated prolactin accelerates bone mineral density loss. However, sustained hyperprolactinemia did have an impact on the rate of bone metabolism. Perhaps higher prolactin levels over longer time periods are necessary before the metabolic processes become uncoupled, leading to bone mineral density loss.
authors.affiliation: Arthur P. Noyes Research Foundation, 1001 Sterigere Street, Norristown, PA 19401, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Wynn Wynn
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Paing
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kohegyi
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Josiassen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D011388:Prolactin