title: The value of augmented preparative regimens combined with an autologous bone marrow transplant for the management of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial.
abstract: Several single-institution pilot studies have suggested that augmented preparative regimens, including those containing total body irradiation combined with an autologous bone marrow transplantation, are superior to standard regimens for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease. On the basis of these data, we undertook, in the cooperative group setting, a phase II trial of augmented preparative regimens for patients experiencing treatment failure with conventional chemotherapy. Eighty-one patients with either sensitive or refractory (induction failures or chemoresistant) relapse received etoposide (60 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg), and either total body irradiation (12 Gy) or, if previously irradiated, carmustine (15 mg/kg), followed by an autologous bone marrow transplantation. Progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival were estimated, and a Cox regression model was used to assess potential prognostic variables. The 5-year PFS and OS for the 74 eligible patients treated at 20 Southwest Oncology Group centers were 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-53%) and 54% (95% CI, 43%-65%), respectively, despite a median remission after initial chemotherapy of only 6 months. The 3-year OS for those whose induction therapy failed was 72% (95% CI, 52%-93%). There was 1 (1.4%) early treatment-related death, 2 late deaths due to lung toxicity, and only 1 death due to myelodysplasia. There were no differences in PFS or OS on the basis of regimen or chemosensitivity. A Cox prognostic factor analysis determined that >2 prior regimens, relapse in a radiated field, and extranodal disease were adverse prognostic factors. Among the 46 patients who received prior radiotherapy, the 5-year OS was 38% (95% CI, 14%-61%) for patients with 2 or 3 adverse factors, versus 60% (95% CI, 42%-78%) for those with 0 factors or 1 adverse factor. Augmented preparative regimens seem promising for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin disease, without an increase in regimen-related mortality. A poor-prognosis group was identified that should be treated with novel therapies.
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stiff
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: Anne R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Auayporn P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nademanee
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bolwell
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019468:Disease Management; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002330:Carmustine