title: Standardized quality-assessment system to evaluate pressure ulcer care in the nursing home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate reliability and feasibility of a standardized protocol to assess and score quality indicators relevant to pressure ulcer (PU) care processes in nursing homes (NHs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight NHs.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-one NH residents for whom the PU Resident Assessment Protocol of the Minimum Data Set was initiated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine quality indicators (two related to screening and prevention of PU, two focused on assessment, and five addressing management) were scored using medical record data, direct human observation, and wireless thigh monitor observation data. Feasibility and reliability of medical record, observation, and thigh monitor protocols were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of participants who passed each of the indicators, indicating care consistent with practice guidelines, ranged from 0% to 98% across all indicators. In general, participants in NHs passed fewer indicators and had more problems with medical record accuracy before a PU was detected (screening/prevention indicators) than they did once an ulcer was documented (assessment and management indicators). Reliability of the medical record protocol showed kappa statistics ranging from 0.689 to 1.00 and percentage agreement from 80% to 100%. Direct observation protocols yielded kappa statistics of 0.979 and 0.928. Thigh monitor protocols showed kappa statistics ranging from 0.609 to 0.842. Training was variable, with the observation protocol requiring 1 to 2 hours, medical records requiring joint review of 20 charts with average time to complete the review of 20 minutes, and the thigh monitor data requiring 1 week for training in data preparation and interpretation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standardized quality assessment system generated scores for nine PU quality indicators with good reliability and provided explicit scoring rules that permit reproducible conclusions about PU care. The focus of the indicators on care processes that are under the control of NH staff made the protocol useful for external survey and internal quality improvement purposes, and the thigh monitor observational technology provided a method for monitoring repositioning care processes that were otherwise difficult to monitor and manage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. batesjen@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bates-Jensen
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadogan
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schnelle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009068:Movement; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000592:standards*; D011187:Posture; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013848:Thigh; D013997:Time Factors