title: The roles of changes in deoxyhemoglobin concentration and regional cerebral blood volume in the fMRI BOLD signal.
abstract: To study the behavior of cerebral physiological parameters and to further the understanding of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) effect, multisource frequency-domain near-infrared and BOLD fMRI signals were recorded simultaneously during motor functional activation in humans. From the near-infrared data information was obtained on the changes in cerebral blood volume and oxygenation. To relate our observations to changes in cerebral blood flow the well-known "balloon" model was employed. Our data showed that the deoxyhemoglobin concentration is the major factor determining the time course of the BOLD signal. The increase in cerebral blood oxygenation during functional activation is due to an increase in the velocity of blood flow, and occurs without significant swelling of the blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. toronov@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Vlad
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Toronov
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Rajarsi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Jee H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratton
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hueber
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin