title: [Effects of long-term oral administration of lanthanum nitrate on the liver of rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To probe the effects of long-term oral administration of lanthanum nitrate [La(NO(3))(3)] on morphological change in the liver, aftereffect of deposited La in the liver and their mechanism in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young Wistar rats were divided into two groups, one fed with 0.1, 0.2, 2.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg of La(NO(3))(3) for six months and the other for the control. Changes in ratio of liver to body weight were observed after exposure to La(NO(3))(3) at varied doses for six months and one month after six-month exposure, as well as morphology of the liver in the rats with routine histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. Content of La in the liver was measured with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ratio of liver to body weight was significantly higher in the male rats exposed to 20.0 mg/kg of lanthanum for six months than that in the control group. Ratio of liver to body weight restored to normal in the rats exposed to 20.0 mg/kg of La one month after six-month exposure. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the portal region of the liver, small amount of fat drops in hepatocytic cytoplasm, increased density of mitochondria stroma, lysosome containing highly-electronic-density bodies and dense granules, normal nucleus and slightly deformed nucleus of hepatocytes could be found in the rats exposed to 20.0 mg/kg. Areas of the liver deposited with glycogen after six-month exposure to 20.0 mg/kg of La accounted for (26.1 +/- 1.5)% and (4.1 +/- 1.4)%, respectively for male and female rats, significantly lower than those in the control group [(31.3 +/- 1.4)% and (39.4 +/- 0.9)%, respectively], with a statistical significance and very statistical significance, respectively. There was a little infiltration of inflammatory cells in the portal region of the liver one month after six-month exposure to 20.0 mg/kg of La, and amount of the dense bodies was lower in the rats exposed to La for six months. Liver contents of La in the rats of all experimental groups were lower one month after six-month exposure than those in the rats exposed for six months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to a dose of 20.0 mg/kg La(NO(3))(3) for a long term could damage the liver structure to certain extent, but lanthanum deposited in the liver could be eliminated from the body gradually.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ai-jun
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-xiu
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jia-zuan
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: C016534:lanthanide nitrate; D007811:Lanthanum