Injury status and perspectives on developing community safety promotion in China.
The objective of this paper is to introduce the epidemiology of injuries in China, and then consider the development of safe communities in regard to injury prevention and safety promotion. The disease spectrum has changed in recent decades in the People's Republic of China. Both in cities and rural areas, injury has become the fifth leading cause of death. At least 800 000 people die from injury each year, and 50 million non-fatal injuries occur, of which 2.3 million lead to disability of varying degrees of severity. The average injury-related death rate in China from 1990 to 1997 was 66 per 100 000, which accounts for 11% of total deaths. The potential years of life lost (PYLL) of injury accounts for 24% of the total, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) account for 17%. Main injury causes of death, in descending order, are: suicide, traffic accident, drowning, falling, poisoning, homicide, burn and scald, and iatrogenic injury. Considering China's current injury status and its rapid societal change, injury prevention and safety promotion need to be strengthened further, and there is a special need for the development of Safe Communities programmes. The prevention of injuries through safety promotion has been increasingly focussed on over recent decades. The WHO Safe Community model is recognized as representing an effective and long-term approach to the prevention of injuries at a local level, and has been beneficially applied all over the world. A programme may cover several aspects of injury prevention and safety promotion simultaneously, or only include one or two aspects. In a Safe Community programme in China, children, the elderly, cyclists and their passengers, and farmers should be among the prioritized target populations. However, multi-focussed inter-sectoral programmes have been shown to have additional effects to distinct sectoral programmes.
Zhao
Zhongtang
Z
Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Svanström
Leif
L
D000056:Accident Prevention; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D018672:Community Health Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003256:Community Participation; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D016730:Program Development; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*