title: Changes in volatile compounds of carrots (Daucus carota L.) during refrigerated and frozen storage.
abstract: Carrots (Daucus carota L.) of cv. Bolero and cv. Carlo were processed into shreds and stored for up to 4 months at -24 degrees C (frozen storage), or the roots were stored for up to 4 months at 1 degrees C (refrigerated storage) followed by processing into shreds. Volatiles from the carrot shreds were collected by dynamic headspace technique and analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, and GC-O to determine the volatile composition and aroma active components of carrots stored under different temperature conditions. A total of 52 compounds were quantified, of which mono- and sesquiterpenes accounted for approximately 99% of the total volatile mass. Major volatile compounds were (-)-alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, (-)-limonene, (+)-limonene, (+)-sabinene, gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, terpinolene, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, and (E)- and (Z)-gamma-bisabolene. A considerable increase in the concentration of mono- and sesquiterpenes was observed during refrigerated storage, whereas the concentration of terpenoids was around the same level during frozen storage. GC-O revealed that the major volatiles together with (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, (+)-beta-pinene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (-)-beta-bisabolene, beta-ionone, and myristicin had an odor sensation, which included notes of "carrot top", "terpene-like", "green", "earthy", "fruity", "citrus-like", "spicy", "woody", and "sweet".
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Aarslev, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: Lars P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edelenbos
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D005519:Food Preservation; D005615:Freezing; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012903:Smell; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D013729:Terpenes