title: Discrimination of left atrial and pulmonary vein potentials in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ablation of muscular fascicles around the ostium of pulmonary veins (PVs) resulting in electrical isolation of the veins may prove to be an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Correctly discriminating atrial and PV potentials is necessary to effectively isolate PVs from the left atrium in patients with paroxysmal AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A training set of 151 electrode recordings obtained from 10 patients with AF was used to develop an algorithm to discriminate atrial and PV potentials. Bipolar electrograms were collected from a multielectrode basket catheter placed sequentially into each PV. Amplitude, slope, and normalized slopes of both bipolar and quadripolar electrograms (difference between adjacent bipoles) were entered into a binary logistic regression model. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define a threshold able to effectively discriminate atrial and PV potentials. The normalized slopes of both domains, bipolar and quadripolar, produced a logistic function that discriminated atrial and PV potentials against a threshold (0.38) with 97.8% sensitivity and 94.9% specificity. The algorithm then was evaluated on a test set of 214 electrode recordings from four patients who also had paroxysmal AF. These patient electrograms also were evaluated by two independent electrophysiologists. The algorithm and electrophysiologists matched identification of activation origin in 84% of electrograms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atrial and PV potentials acquired from a multielectrode basket catheter can be discriminated using the normalized slopes of bipolar and quadripolar electrograms. These additional parameters need to be included by physicians determining the preferential ablation site within PVs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Nirav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: G Neal
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Raymond E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ideker
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D013614:Tachycardia, Paroxysmal / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology