title: Structural basis for substrate specificity of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
abstract: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzes reversible phosphorolysis of purine nucleosides and 2'-deoxypurine nucleosides to the free base and ribose (or 2'-deoxyribose) 1-phosphate. Whereas the human enzyme is specific for 6-oxopurine ribonucleosides, the Escherichia coli enzyme accepts additional substrates including 6-oxopurine ribonucleosides, 6-aminopurine ribonucleosides, and to a lesser extent purine arabinosides. These differences have been exploited in a potential suicide gene therapy treatment for solid tumors. In an effort to optimize this suicide gene therapy approach, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the E. coli enzyme in complex with 10 nucleoside analogs and correlated the structures with kinetic measurements and computer modeling. These studies explain the preference of the enzyme for ribose sugars, show increased flexibility for active site residues Asp204 and Arg24, and suggest that interactions involving the 1- and 6-positions of the purine and the 4'- and 5'-positions of the ribose provide the best opportunities to increase prodrug specificity and enzyme efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paula W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ealick
mesh_terms: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011684:Purine Nucleosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011683:Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012266:Ribose; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D011684:Purine Nucleosides; D012266:Ribose; D011683:Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase