title: Mineralization of matrix vesicles isolated from a human osteosarcoma cell line in culture with water-soluble chitosan-containing medium.
abstract: Chitosan is a natural bioactive material. Although it has been reported that chitosan promotes osteogenesis in bone lesions, little is known about how chitosan modulates this process. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of water-soluble chitosan relative to initiation of biologic mineralization, especially in the matrix-vesicles-(MVs) mediated process in vitro. A human osteoblastic cell line (NOS-1) was used. After 3 days of incubation, the number of cells and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased significantly in the chitosan group. RT-PCR analysis revealed that chitosan induced an increase in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 mRNA after 7 days of incubation. MVs were isolated from NOS-1 cells using a collagenase digestion and ultracentrifugation method. ALP activity of MVs isolated from chitosan-supplemented cells was significantly higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, isolated MVs were incubated in medium supplemented with Na-beta-glycerophosphate without fetal bovine serum. Needle-like crystals were observed in association with MVs after 24 h of incubation. These needle-like crystals were densely accumulated in the chitosan group. The present findings suggest that water-soluble chitosan would promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and may be useful for the acceleration of initial biologic mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D048271:Chitosan; D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012995:Solubility; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014867:Water
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014867:Water; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase