title: Clinical and cervical cytokine response to treatment with oral or vaginal metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of oral versus vaginal metronidazole treatment in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis, and to compare cytokine profiles (interleukin-1beta, -6, and -8) in the cervical secretions of these women before and after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis diagnosed both by Gram stain and clinical criteria were randomized to receive oral (n=52) or vaginal (n=50) metronidazole therapy. Cervical specimens for cytokine analysis and vaginal fluid for evaluation of bacterial vaginosis were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in therapeutic cure rates (defined as a Gram stain score of 0-3 and the absence of all four clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis) between the two groups (71% and 70% for the oral and vaginal groups, respectively, P=1.0). Cervical levels of interleukin-1beta, -6, and -8 were significantly lower after treatment among the 72 women cured of bacterial vaginosis (P<.001, P=.001, and P=.02, respectively) but not among women who failed to respond to therapy. For interleukin-1beta and -6, a significant decrease in cytokine level was observed in both the oral and vaginal treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One week of oral metronidazole and 5 days of intravaginal metronidazole are equally efficacious for treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy. The decrease in cervical interleukin-1beta, -6, and -8 levels among women who established a normal flora after treatment but not among those with persistent bacterial vaginosis suggests a direct linkage between vaginal flora abnormalities and elevated cervical levels of interleukin-1beta, -6, and -8.
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yudin
authors.forename: Daniel V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyn
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hillier
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008795:Metronidazole