Effects of exercise intensity on physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether "low-intensity" exercise (walking) and "high-intensity" exercise (aerobic dance), when added to a weight loss diet, have different effects on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and physical fitness.


METHODS
Ninety obese women were divided into diet only (DO), diet plus walking (DW), and diet plus aerobic dance (DA) groups. DXA was used to evaluate segmental body composition. Leg-extension strength and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were the indicators of physical fitness. Blood pressure, lipoproteins, and fasting glucose were used as indices for CHD risk factors. These items were measured before and after a 14-week intervention period.


RESULTS
Whole-body plus all segmental fat masses were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Reductions in whole-body and lower-limb fat- and bone-free masses were significantly less (p < 0.01) in the DA group (-1.5 and -0.1 kg, respectively) compared with the DO (-2.1 and -0.4 kg, respectively) and DW (-2.5 and -0.5 kg, respectively) groups. Improvements in leg-extension strength and VO2max were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the DA group compared with the DO group. The CHD risk factors clearly improved (p < 0.05) within each group. Reductions in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and fasting glucose were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the DA group compared with the DO and DW groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Adding higher intensity aerobic dance to a weight-loss diet program may help maintain fat- and bone-free mass and may be more effective in improving CHD risk factors compared with low-intensity walking.
Okura
Tomohiro
T
Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, University of Tsukuba. okura@nils.go.jp
Nakata
Yoshio
Y
Tanaka
Kiyoji
K
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids