title: Influence of glutamine-supplemented Caco-2 cells on cytokine production of mononuclear cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caco-2 cells, cultured with mononuclear cells, were used as an in vitro model of human intestinal cell function. This study shows the effect of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  
  
  METHODS
  Confluent Caco-2 cells were cultured in media with Gln at 0 mmol/L, 4 mmol/L, or 10 mmol/L +/- 1 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), treated with fluorescein isothiocyanate- (FITC-) conjugated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mononuclear antibody, and assessed for ICAM-1 expression levels via flow cytometry. Confluent Caco-2 cells alone in apical inserts, or mononuclear cells (MNCs) alone in basal chambers of transwells, were cultured in media with 0 mmol/L, 4 mmol/L, or 10 mmol/L Gln. Supernatants were taken to assess cytokine and endotoxin levels. Confluent Caco-2 cells in apical inserts of transwells were cultured in media containing Gln at 0 mmol/L, 4 mmol/L, or 10 mmol/L, whereas MNCs were cultured in the basal chamber in media containing Gln at 4 mmol/L +/- LPS. Supernatants were collected to determine cytokine levels in each chamber.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With Gln supplementation of the media at 10 mmol/L, enterocytes displayed a decrease in ICAM-1 expression. MNCs showed a decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 production and an increase in IL-10 production when incubated with Caco-2 cells in media supplemented with Gln at 10 mmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cytokine production by Caco-2 or mononuclear cells incubated alone was not influenced by the Gln concentration of the media, cultured together, Gln levels affected cytokine production by mononuclear cells, which suggests that Caco-2 cells produce mediators in Gln-rich conditions that can influence mononuclear cell cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3095, USA.
authors.forename: Suefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aosasa
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wells-Byrum
authors.forename: J Wesley
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Cora K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ogle
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005973:Glutamine; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10