title: Treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema with low-level laser therapy: a double blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study describes the results of a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, single crossover trial of the treatment of patients with postmastectomy lymphedema (PML) with low-level laser therapy (LLLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants received placebo or one cycle or two cycles of LLLT to the axillary region of their affected arm. They were monitored for reductions in affected limb volume, upper body extracellular tissue fluid distribution, dermal tonometry, and range of limb movement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant improvement reported immediately after any of the treatments. However, the mean affected limb volume was found to be significantly reduced at 1 month or 3 months of follow-up after 2 cycles of active laser treatment. Approximately 31% of subjects had a clinically significant reduction in the volume of their PML-affected arm (> 200 mLs) approximately 2-3 months after 2 cycles of treatment. There was no significant effect of placebo treatment, or one cycle of laser treatment, on affected limb volume. The extracellular fluid index of the affected and unaffected arms and torso were reported to be significantly reduced at 3 months after 2 cycles of laser therapy, and there was significant softening of the tissues in the affected upper arm. Treatment did not appear to improve range of movement of the affected arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two cycles of laser treatment were found to be effective in reducing the volume of the affected arm, extracellular fluid, and tissue hardness in approximately 33% of patients with postmastectomy lymphedema at 3 months after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. colin.carati@flinders.edu.au
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Carati
authors.forename: Sandy N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Bren J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.forename: Neil B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Piller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005110:Extracellular Space; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular