title: Cross-national comparisons of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination-revised: the CAMCOG-R: results from the European Harmonization Project for Instruments in Dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transnational and psychometrically appropriate versions of instruments used in the diagnosis of dementia are essential for comparing information between different countries. The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly incorporates a brief neuropsychological test battery, Cambridge Cognitive Examination (recently revised version), which provides objective data on performance across a number of cognitive domains.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To harmonise the Cambridge Cognitive Examination between seven European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients with probable or possible Alzheimer's disease of each of the seven countries were administered the Cambridge Cognitive Examination. The Nurse Observation Scale for Geriatrics was used to assess concordance between cognitive and behavioural measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only small differences between the various Cambridge Cognitive Examination versions were found, and patterns of correlation between Cambridge Cognitive Examination and the Nurse Observation Scale for Geriatrics were consistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that the harmonisation of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination was successful.
authors.affiliation: Institute Brain and Behaviour, University Hospital of Maastricht, The Netherlands. f.verhey@np.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Frans R J
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: Felicia A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Huppert
authors.forename: Edith C C M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Korten
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houx
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Vugt
authors.forename: Natasja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Lang
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: DeDeyn
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saerens
authors.forename: Mirco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Vreese
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peña-Casanova
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoppe
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: Huub
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Middelkoop
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: Edwin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Klinkenberg
authors.forename: Mayke M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Derix
authors.forename: Jellemer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jolles
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results