title: Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder.
abstract: This Commentary summarizes findings from three other papers in this issue with recommendations for evidence-based treatment with lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antidepressants in bipolar disorder. We will also provide a summary of levels of evidence and examine two important methodological issues in assessing drug-induced mania: reliance on significance testing for assessment of side-effects, and limitations of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for assessing frequency of side-effects. If a study is not specifically powered and designed to assess a side-effect, then no significance testing should be conducted, and side-effects should simply be reported as effect estimates and confidence intervals. Further, RCTs only establish a categorical response to a research question, i.e. whether or not something happens. The frequency of an event (treatment response, side-effects) is often more accurately assessed with observational studies.
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Health Alliance, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ghaemi@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: S Nassir
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ghaemi
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soldani
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents