title: Dental calculus composition following use of essential-oil/ZnCl2 mouthrinse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that anticalculus agents cannot completely inhibit calculus formation but can influence the types of calcium phosphate which form, i.e., they can influence the composition of the inorganic component of human dental calculus (HDC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The composition of HDC specimens obtained from a 16-week multi-center clinical study using three regimens were analyzed, investigators blinded. The treatment regimens were: (a) standard dentifrice (SD), (b) pyrophosphate antitartar dentifrice, and (c) SD with Tartar Control Listerine Antiseptic mouthrinse (containing essential oils and 0.09% zinc chloride). 25 individual samples and eight pooled samples from each group were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) relative frequency of occurrence for: (a) bacteria: Group A = 100%, Group B = 60%, and Group C = 25%; (b) Carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA): Groups A, B, and C = 100%; (c) dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD): Group A = 55%; Group B = 45%; Group C = 80%; (2) The relative amount of DCPD is inversely proportional to that of CHA in HDC: the higher the amount of DCPD, the lower the amount of CHA. Group C regimen with essential oil/ZnCl2 mouthrinse and standard dentifrice showed a significant anti-microbial effect and favored the formation of DCPD, the most soluble Ca-P.
authors.affiliation: Calcium Phosphate Research Laboratory, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA. rzl1@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Raquel Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: LeGeros
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rohanizadeh
authors.forename: Shujie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dindo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mijares
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: LeGeros
authors.forename: Christine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Pauline C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification; D002712:Chlorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017886:Durapatite / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002712:Chlorides; D003802:Dentifrices; D011756:Diphosphates; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C419443:tartar control listerine; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C016837:zinc chloride; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous