title: rRNA probes used to quantify the effects of glycomacropeptide and alpha-lactalbumin supplementation on the predominant groups of intestinal bacteria of infant rhesus monkeys challenged with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Certain milk factors may help to promote the growth of a host-friendly colonic microflora (e.g. bifidobacteria, lactobacilli) and explain why breast-fed infants experience fewer and milder intestinal infections than those who are formula-fed. The effects of supplementation of formula with two such milk factors was investigated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infant rhesus macaques were breast-fed, fed control formula, or formula supplemented with glycomacropeptide (GMP) or alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) from birth to 5 months of age. Blood was drawn monthly and rectal swabs were collected weekly. At 4.5 months of age, 10(8) colony-forming units of enteropathogenic E.coli O127, strain 2349/68 (EPEC) was given orally and the response to infection assessed. The bacteriology of rectal swabs pre- and post-infection was determined by culture independent fluorescence in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-challenge, breast-fed infants and infants fed alpha-LA-supplemented formula had no diarrhea, whilst those infants fed GMP-supplemented formula had intermittent diarrhea. In infants fed control formula the diarrhea was acute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of infant formula with appropriate milk proteins may be useful for improving the infant's ability to resist acute infection caused by E.coli.
authors.affiliation: Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. w.m.bruck@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: Wolfram M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Brück
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.forename: Glenn R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Dereck E W
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Chatterton
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnerdal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D041943:Infant Formula; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007768:Lactalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D023421:Models, Animal; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D006020:Glycopeptides; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D007768:Lactalbumin