title: Measurement and prediction of energy expenditure in males during household and garden tasks.
abstract: Participation in at least 30 min of moderate intensity activity on most days is assumed to confer health benefits. This study accordingly determined whether the more vigorous household and garden tasks (sweeping, window cleaning, vacuuming and lawn mowing) are performed by middle-aged men at a moderate intensity of 3-6 metabolic equivalents (METs) in the laboratory and at home. Measured energy expenditure during self-perceived moderate-paced walking was used as a marker of exercise intensity. Energy expenditure was also predicted via indirect methods. Thirty-six males [ X (SD): 40.0 (3.3) years; 179.5 (6.9) cm; 83.4 (14.0) kg] were measured for resting metabolic rate (RMR) and oxygen consumption ( VO(2)) during the five activities using the Douglas bag method. Heart rate, respiratory frequency, CSA (Computer Science Applications) movement counts, Borg scale ratings of perceived exertion and Quetelet's index were also recorded as potential predictors of exercise intensity. Except for vacuuming in the laboratory, which was not significantly different from 3.0 METs ( P=0.98), the MET means in the laboratory and home were all significantly greater than 3.0 ( P</=0.006). The sweeping and vacuuming MET means were significantly higher ( P<0.001) at home than in the laboratory, whereas the converse applied for window cleaning and lawn mowing. Measured RMR was significantly lower ( P<0.001) than the 1-MET constant. Estimating METs by fitting random intercept regression models to the data resulted in standard deviations for the "leave-one-out" prediction errors (predicted-measured) of 0.4 and 0.5 METs for the laboratory and home equations, respectively. While the means indicate that all the activities were performed at a moderate intensity, there was great inter-individual variability in energy expenditure. The laboratory and home-based equations predicted with correct classification rates of 89% and 88%, respectively, whether energy expenditure was <3.0 or >/=3.0 METs.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Education, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5001.
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.forename: Grant E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: van der Ploeg
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Neville
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Adrian E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cormack
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005544:Forecasting; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014894:Weights and Measures