Bipolar disorders during adolescence.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the incidence, correlates, course and family history of bipolar disorder (BD) and subthreshold BD in adolescents.


METHODS
Structured diagnostic interviews were conducted with a large community sample of adolescents and their first-degree relatives, and the adolescents were re-evaluated as young adults.


RESULTS
The first lifetime onset of BD and subthreshold BD almost always occurred in adolescence. Adolescent BD and subthreshold BD were associated with elevated impairment, comorbidity, and suicide attempts. Adolescents with BD were at increased risk for BD, and adolescents with subthreshold BD were at increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) in young adulthood. Relatives of BD adolescents had elevated rates of subthreshold BD and MDD, and relatives of subthreshold BD adolescents had elevated rates of BD and MDD.


CONCLUSIONS
'Classical' BD clearly exists in adolescence, but there is also a spectrum of milder bipolar conditions. Remediating and preventing BD in adolescents should be a high public health priority.
Lewinsohn
P M
PM
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Seeley
J R
JR
Klein
D N
DN
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors