title: Mitral valve replacement in children: predictors of long-term outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitral valve replacement (MVR) in children has been associated with a high complication rate. We sought to assess predictors of outcomes in children undergoing MVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of clinical, surgical, and echocardiographic records of patients undergoing MVR was performed. Between 1982 and 2000, 53 children underwent 76 MVR procedures at a median age of 5 years (range, 1 day to 18 years) and weight of 17 kg (range, 3 to 121 kg). Eighteen patients (34%) had more than one MVR. Previous cardiac surgery had been performed in 39 (74%), with 27 (51%) undergoing previous mitral repair. Patients were followed for 9.2 +/- 4.8 (range, 2 to 20) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 14 patient deaths, with 6 patients dying within 30 days, and five transplants (36%). Ten-year freedom from reoperation was 66%. Long-term survivors were older at initial repair (7.0 vs 2.5 years, p = 0.02), with a lower incidence of residual cardiac lesions (3% vs 37%, p < 0.001) and a lower incidence of surgical procedures at the time of MVR (31% vs 63%, p = 0.04). Survivors had better left ventricular function preoperatively (ejection fraction, 68% vs 54%; p = 0.001) and placement of a prosthetic valve within 1 z-score of the echocardiographically measured mitral valve annulus (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse outcome after MVR is common, particularly in the young child undergoing palliative surgery or requiring additional surgical procedures. Preoperative assessment of mitral valve size and ventricular function is essential for risk stratification of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA.
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Eble
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Fiser
authors.forename: Pippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Drummond-Webb
authors.forename: Anji T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yetman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography