title: Nutrient intakes and physical growth of children with phenylketonuria undergoing nutrition therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate nutrient intakes, plasma phenylalanine (PHE) and tyrosine (TYR) concentrations, and physical growth of children with phenylketonuria undergoing nutrition management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children were fed three different medical foods during a one-year study. Subjects/setting Children were evaluated at baseline and every three months in metabolic clinics. Children's diets were managed at home. Statistical analyses Intakes of medical foods and nutrients, number of diaries with nutrients <67% and <100% of Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDI), and mean plasma PHE and TYR concentrations were compared among groups using two-way ANOVA. chi-squared test compared the percentage of plasma PHE and TYR concentrations in each group in specific categories. Height and body mass index were plotted against National Center for Health Statistics reference data; means were compared among groups. Tukey's test compared groups with significant treatment effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean intakes of nutrients, except energy by all groups and vitamin B-12 by the Periflex-fed group, met or exceeded RDIs. The oldest children tended to have the highest PHE intakes and plasma PHE concentrations. Mean length or height z score indicated normal linear growth. Mean body mass index z scores at study end suggested many children were overweight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietitians should prescribe adequate medical food and encourage children with phenylketonuria to ingest all prescribed daily. Linear growth of children, where mean protein equivalent intakes ranged from 113% to 129% of RDI, was normal, demonstrating the need for a protein intake greater than RDIs when an elemental diet is the primary protein source. Dietitians should prescribe and carefully monitor energy intake, physical activity, and weight.
authors.affiliation: Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH 43219, USA. phyllis.acosta@abbott.com
authors.forename: Phyllis B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yannicelli
authors.forename: Rani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mofidi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: DeVincentis
authors.forename: Elaina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jurecki
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: Malini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chetty
authors.forename: Bobbye
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rouse
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine