The role of dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells required for generation of adaptive immunity. These cells are one of the initial target cells for HIV-1 infection or capture of virions at site of transmission in the mucosa. DCs carrying HIV-1 will migrate to the lymphoid tissue where they can contribute to the dissemination of the virus to adjacent CD4+ T cells. In addition, HIV-1-exposed DCs may have impaired antigen-presenting capacity resulting in inadequate expansion of HIV-1-specific T cell responses. Here, we review the infection of different subtypes of DCs by HIV-1 and the relevance of these cells in the transmission and establishment of HIV-1 disease. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms through which HIV-1-DC interactions could be exploited to optimise the generation and maintenance of HIV-1-specific T cell immunity.
Lore
Karin
K
Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3022, USA. klore@mail.nih.gov
Larsson
Marie
M
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
D016915:AIDS Vaccines