title: Parental stress in mothers of boys with duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine parental stress in mothers of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Stress and its predictors were examined in mothers of boys with DMD (n = 112). Comparisons were made with mothers of healthy children (n = 800), children with cerebral palsy (CP; n = 28), siblings of boys with DMD (n = 46), and longitudinally (n = 16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of problem child behaviors consistently predicted maternal stress. Stress related to child behavior was higher in the DMD versus the normative group. No differences in stress were found in the DMD versus CP groups. Stress related to boys with DMD versus siblings was not significantly different. Over time, maternal stress related to child variables diminished.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress in mothers of boys with DMD is elevated, possibly due to increased problem behaviors, particularly in social interactions, rather than due to the physical demands of the disease alone.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital and Health Center and University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Nereo
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fee
authors.forename: Veronica J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Hinton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne; D016487:Parenting; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires