title: Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: neuropathies from Bordetella pertussis.
abstract: Having found positive the research for anti-Bordetella antibodies in the 95.47% of 92 patients affected by defined multiple sclerosis and in the 100% of 55 patients affected by non-patched neuropathies (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and correlated neuropathies), I reassessed the pathogenesis of the neuropathies from Bordetella pertussis. In the two categories of neuropathies (with and without patches), the beginning pathogenetic mechanisms are the same: 1) pertussis re-infection in patients with mucociliary barrier defect; 2) pertussis toxins passage in the blood; and 3) formation of circulating immune complexes. In multiple sclerosis, astrocytes produce class II human leukocyte antigens, the endothelia of the small brain vessels show the "adhesion molecules," and the immune complexes fall in the central nervous system (patches are formed). In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in the other non-patched neuropathies, the astrocytes do not produce the class II human leukocyte antigens, the endothelia do not show adhesion molecules, and immune complexes do not fall in the central nervous system; but they increase in blood until they inhibit the ulterior antibodies production. For relative antibodies lack, pertussis toxins fix directly on neuro-epithelia; their pathogenic power and physiopathologic astrocytes role in the central nervous system produce the damage. With a blood sample, we can assess Bordetella etiology. In all these neuropathies, an extended antibiotic therapy to clear mucosae and to prevent reinfections is necessary.
authors.affiliation: domenicofiore@libero.it
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001886:Bordetella pertussis; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000954:Antigens, Surface