Depression: links with ischemic heart disease and erectile dysfunction.
This article examines the relationships among depression, ischemic heart disease, and erectile dysfunction. Depression is an independent risk factor for the development of ischemic heart disease, and depression in the post-myocardial infarction patient is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Ischemic heart disease and erectile dysfunction are also frequently comorbid and share many common risk factors including age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking. Depression and erectile dysfunction often occur together; however, the causal relation may be difficult to determine because erectile dysfunction may be a symptom of depression, social distress accompanying erectile dysfunction may precipitate depressive symptoms, or both conditions may result from a common factor such as vascular disease.
Roose
Steven P
SP
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. spr2@columbia.edu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D002395:Catecholamines; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D006854:Hydrocortisone