title: The gene encoding pyolysin, the pore-forming toxin of Arcanobacterium pyogenes, resides within a genomic islet flanked by essential genes.
abstract: The plo gene, encoding the Arcanobacterium pyogenes cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin (PLO), was localized to a 2.7-kb genomic islet of reduced %G+C content and alternate codon usage frequency. This islet, conserved among isolates from diverse hosts and geographical locations, separated the housekeeping genes smc and ftsY, which are found adjacent in many prokaryotes. The ftsY and ffh genes, located downstream of the plo islet, encode components of the signal recognition particle. Mutational analysis suggested that these genes were essential for viability in A. pyogenes. The A. pyogenes ffh gene was unable to complement a conditional ffh mutant of Escherichia coli and its overexpression was toxic in E. coli. Mutagenesis of the islet-encoded orf121 did not affect plo expression, indicating that it may not be involved directly in the regulation of plo expression. Regardless, the presence of the plo gene as part of a genomic islet inserted between genes essential for normal growth may provide selective pressure for the retention of this important virulence factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, The University of Arizona, 1117 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Stefani T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Rudnick
authors.forename: B Helen
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.forename: J Glenn
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Songer
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Billington
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001482:Base Composition; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003355:Corynebacterium pyogenes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D020043:Genes, Essential; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006461:Hemolysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D018271:Signal Recognition Particle / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C082931:Ffh protein, E coli; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C108448:Pyolysin, Arcanobacterium pyogenes; D018271:Signal Recognition Particle