title: IL-1beta-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1alpha via an NFkappaB/COX-2 pathway identifies HIF-1 as a critical link between inflammation and oncogenesis.
abstract: Growing evidence indicates that inflammation is a contributing factor leading to cancer development. However, pathways involved in this progression are not well understood. To examine whether HIF-1alpha is a factor linking inflammation and tumorigenesis, we investigated whether the HIF-1 signaling pathway was stimulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in A549 cells. We find that IL-1beta up-regulated HIF-1alpha protein under normoxia and activated the HIF-1-responsive gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via a pathway dependent on nuclear factor kappaB (NFkB). Interestingly, although this pathway is stimulated by upstream signaling via AKT and mTOR and requires new transcription, IL-1 mediated HIF-1alpha induction also utilizes a post-transcriptional mechanism that involves antagonism of VHL-dependent HIF-1alpha degradation, which results in increased HIF-1alpha protein stability. IL-1 mediated NFkB-dependent cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) expression served as a positive effector for HIF-1alpha induction. Although COX-2 inhibitors attenuated IL-1 mediated HIF-1alpha induction, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a physiological product of COX-2, induced HIF-1alpha protein in a dose-dependent manner. Our data, therefore, demonstrate that IL-1beta up-regulates functional HIF-1alpha protein through a classical inflammatory signaling pathway involving NFkB and COX-2, culminating in up-regulation of VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor required for tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, HIF-1 is identified as a pivotal transcription factor linking the inflammatory and oncogenic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 300, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Yun-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trepel
authors.forename: Len
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neckers
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C497446:VHL protein, human