title: Methods of measuring gallbladder motor functions--the need for standardization: scintigraphy.
abstract: Emptying the gallbladder is part of the complex process of food digestion. The gallbladder interacts with other gastrointestinal organs and its movements are coordinated and modified by functions of the stomach, intestine and pancreas. Many factors can modify gallbladder motility, for example, sex and age of the subject, their body mass, the kinds of food ingested and stimulus used. The assumption that the gallbladder progressively empties during meals and refills during fasting is incorrect. Using a combination of ultrasonography and cholescintigraphy, it is possible to measure absolute and net gallbladder emptying. In this way we demonstrated that the gallbladder begins to refill immediately after emptying begins, and the difference between net and absolute emptying of the gallbladder indicates the refilling of bile and provides a measure of bile turnover rate, an accurate index to assess gallbladder motility.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Corso Giovecca 203, Ferrara 44100, Italy. n.prandini@unife.it
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prandini
mesh_terms: D002766:Cholecystokinin; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying; D006801:Humans; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin