title: RF nonlinear interactions in living cells--II: detection methods for spectral signatures.
abstract: The presence of harmonic products due to possible nonlinear interaction of amplitude modulated RF signals in living cells is best detected by using a cavity with high quality factor. Harmonic products generated by elementary oscillators can be trapped and accumulated in a cavity, permitting detection sensitivity much greater than in an open environment, where they would be radiated in all directions. The experimental method described herein is a systematic approach to detection of the non-Planck RF energy (if any) emitted by an exposed sample of living cells. Balzano and Sheppard [Balzano and Sheppard (2003): Bioelectromagnetics 24:473-482] classified the non-Planck RF emissions from living cells as coming from (1). nonlinear interactions and (2). inelastic interactions. Nonlinear harmonic products would appear in the band at twice the frequency of an amplitude modulated RF carrier. Inelastic interaction products resulting from the interaction between the incident RF energy and normally occurring mechanical vibrations are found in the band immediately adjacent to the carrier. Detection of the latter signals is difficult because of this close spectral proximity, for example, 1 part in 10(7) for 100 Hz modulation of a GHz carrier. Modern audio spectrum analyzers have excellent selectivity, providing 60 dB rejections only 2 kHz away from the carrier. By judicious selection of the amplitude modulation (AM) frequency, frequency of the RF carrier, and size of the biological sample, it is possible to achieve very high sensitivity (about -90 dBm) with commercially available instrumentation. The presence (or absence) of harmonics in the band adjacent to the amplitude modulated RF carrier would establish (or negate) the existence of coherent interactions between mechanical vibrations in the cell ensemble and the incident RF signal.
authors.affiliation: Motorola, Inc, Plantation, Florida, USA. qbfree01@aol.com
authors.forename: Quirino
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Balzano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D002477:Cells / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011846:Radio Waves; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013816:Thermodynamics