title: A preliminary investigation into bacterial contamination of Welsh emergency ambulances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this regional study across Wales was to perform a preliminary examination of Welsh emergency vehicles to determine levels of bacterial contamination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specific sites within emergency vehicles were swabbed, before and after vehicle cleaning, over a 12 month period, on a monthly basis. All swabs were sent to pathology laboratories for culturing and analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that most sites within emergency vehicles across Wales were contaminated with a range of bacterial species before vehicle cleaning. After vehicle cleaning, many sites in vehicles were still contaminated, and some sites that were previously uncontaminated, became freshly contaminated as a result of cleaning methods used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that the Welsh emergency vehicles examined exhibited an unacceptable level of bacterial contamination. This finding should be carefully considered and all attempts must be made to tackle the problem of vehicle cleanliness and infection control.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Science, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK. y.nigam@swansea.ac.uk
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cutter
mesh_terms: D000552:Ambulances; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014852:Wales