title: Evidence and thoughts about thyroid nodules that grow after they have been identified as benign by aspiration cytology.
abstract: Coherent management of thyroid nodules that grow after being identified as benign will vary depending on their biology. Some are thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) regulated, so a dose of levothyroxine that reduces TSH to the lower limits of normal (subsuppression) may prevent or reverse enlargement; others are controlled by poorly understood mechanisms that must be elucidated before effective medical treatment can be designed; a few are autonomous requiring obliteration, and a very few are "missed" malignancies that should be excised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Nuclear Endocrine Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. blum@nucmed.med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Mehboob A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002455:Cell Division; D006801:Humans; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine