title: The impact of donor chemical overdose on the outcome of liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To overcome the critical shortage of liver grafts, many centers have been widening the acceptance criteria for liver donation. Use of liver grafts from victims who have suffered chemical overdose (COD) may be one option that could help to expand the donor pool. However, this practice has been poorly documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 1,195 orthotopic liver transplantations performed at our institution between June 1994 and March 2001, 22 involved livers (1.8%) were retrieved from COD donors. Donor and recipient characteristics and posttransplantation outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main chemicals causing brain death of the donor were carbon monoxide (n=4), cocaine (n=4), tricyclic antidepressants (n=3), 3,4-methylenedioxy- methamphetamine (n=2), opiates (n=2), aspirin (n=1), gamma hydroxybutyrate (n=1), heroin (n=1), insulin (n=1), verapamil (n=1), barbiturate (n=1), and brompheniramine/phenylpropanolamine (n=1). Primary nonfunction developed in one patient who had received a liver from an 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-intoxicated donor. Another patient died of fungal meningitis 10 days after transplantation with a functioning graft. The remaining 20 patients experienced acceptable early graft function, as demonstrated by initial mean peak values of bilirubin (4.8 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (624 U/L), and alanine aminotransferase (730 U/L). One-year graft survival rate estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 86%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satisfactory outcomes of graft function were achieved in orthotopic liver transplantations from COD donors. The cautious use of liver grafts from selected COD donors may be a worthwhile method of increasing the availability of scarce donor organs.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komokata
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Les
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tzakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014019:Tissue Donors