title: Induction of a high incidence of lung tumors in C57BL/6 mice with multiple ethyl carbamate injections.
abstract: Murine pulmonary adenomas progress to malignancy with many similarities to human pulmonary adenocarcinoma, the most common form of lung cancer. Inbred mice vary in their susceptibility to lung tumor development, and induced genetic modifications are a powerful tool for understanding this susceptibility. Many transgenic and null mutations relevant to lung cancer pathogenesis were derived on the highly resistant C57BL/B6 (B6) background. Since the inability to reliably induce lung tumors in B6 mice limits these studies, we systematically examined several carcinogenesis protocols in B6 mice. Ten weekly ethyl carbamate (EC) doses caused a nearly 100% lung tumor incidence with a tumor multiplicity >2; multiple EC dosing is thus an alternative to the time-consuming transfer of transgenes and null mutations to susceptible backgrounds.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Section 111A, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1055 Clermont St, Denver, CO 80220-3808, USA. york.miller@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: York E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Lori D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dwyer-Nield
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: Mysan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Wilbur A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Alvin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malkinson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000494:pharmacology; D002273:Carcinogens; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013997:Time Factors; D014520:Urethane / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; D014520:Urethane