title: The effect of early treatment in children with chronic hepatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of interferon alpha (IFN) or IFN and ribavirin (IFN+RIB) combination therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Most children were infected during treatment for pediatric malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the charts of 20 patients (11 boys and 9 girls) aged 10.6 +/- 3.7 years with CHC who were treated between 1995 and 2001. Seven patients diagnosed with CHC before 1998 were treated with 3 million units of IFN three times weekly for 6 to 12 months. Thirteen children diagnosed after 1998 were treated with 3 million units of IFN three times weekly plus 15 mg/kg of ribavirin daily for 6 months (IFN+RIB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic and clinical characteristics were not different between the two treatment groups. A sustained complete response defined as serum alanine aminotransferase normalization and hepatitis C virus RNA clearance at 6 and 12 months after termination of treatment occurred in three of seven children (43%) treated with IFN monotherapy compared with 7 of 12 children (54%) in the group treated with IFN+RIB combination therapy (not significant). The only difference between responders and nonresponders was the duration of infection before the initiation of therapy, which was significantly shorter in responders (1 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.6 +/- 2.2; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small cohort of children with CHC, early initiation of antiviral treatment was associated with a sustained response rate independent of treatment type. Regular follow-up of children at risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus infection should assist in the early diagnosis. Early initiation of antiviral treatment may improve the rate of sustained response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Meyer Children's Hospital of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Drora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rimon
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamir
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014766:Viremia
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012254:Ribavirin