title: Aged garlic extract attenuates gentamicin induced renal damage and oxidative stress in rats.
abstract: Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic whose clinical use is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Experimental evidences suggest a role of reactive oxygen species in GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, we investigated if aged garlic extract (AGE), an antioxidant, has a protective role in this experimental model. Four groups of male Wistar rats were studied: 1) Control (CT), injected subcutaneously (s.c.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline, 2) GM, treated s.c. with GM (70 mg/kg/12 hours/4 days), 3) AGE, treated i.p with AGE (1.2 mL/kg/12 hours/6 days), and 4) GM + AGE treated with GM and AGE. The treatment with AGE started two days before the first dose of GM (GM + AGE group) or saline (AGE group). Animals were sacrificed on day 5, and blood, urine, and kidneys were obtained. Nephrotoxicity was made evident by: 1) the increase in blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine, 2) the decrease in plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and the urinary increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and total protein, and 3) necrosis of proximal tubular cells. These alterations were prevented or ameliorated by AGE treatment. Furthermore, AGE prevented the GM-induced increase in the renal levels of oxidative stress markers: nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyl groups and the decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), GPx, and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. The protective effect of AGE was associated with the decrease in the oxidative stress and the preservation of Mn-SOD, GPx, and GR activities in renal cortex. These data suggest that AGE may be a useful agent for the prevention of GM-nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 D.F., México, Mexico.
authors.forename: Perla D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.forename: Omar N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Medina-Campos
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Pando
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ibarra-Rubio
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza-Chaverrí
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005839:Gentamicins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013481:Superoxides; D002374:Catalase