title: Rapid musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging using integrated parallel acquisition techniques (IPAT)--initial experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of using multiple receiver coil elements for time saving integrated parallel imaging techniques (iPAT) in traumatic musculoskeletal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 patients with traumatic derangements of the knee, ankle and hip underwent MR imaging at 1.5 T. For signal detection of the knee and ankle, we used a 6-channel body array coil that was placed around the joints, for hip imaging two 4-channel body array coils and two elements of the spine array coil were combined for signal detection. All patients were investigated with a standard imaging protocol that mainly consisted of different turbo spin-echo sequences (PD-, T (2)-weighted TSE with and without fat suppression, STIR). All sequences were repeated with an integrated parallel acquisition technique (iPAT) using a modified sensitivity encoding (mSENSE) technique with an acceleration factor of 2. Overall image quality was subjectively assessed using a five-point scale as well as the ability for detection of pathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding overall image quality, there were no significant differences between standard imaging and imaging using mSENSE. All pathologies (occult fracture, meniscal tear, torn and interpositioned Hoffa's cleft, cartilage damage) were detected by both techniques. iPAT led to a 48 % reduction of acquisition time compared with standard technique. Additionally, time savings with iPAT led to a decrease of pain-induced motion artifacts in two cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In times of increasing cost pressure, iPAT using multiple coil elements seems to be an efficient and economic tool for fast musculoskeletal imaging with diagnostic performance comparable to conventional techniques.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. roman@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romaneehsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberholzer
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: K-F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kreitner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis*; D025981:Hip Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors