title: Dexamethasone-induced exophthalmos in a group of Holstein calves.
abstract: Six Holstein calves were evaluated for progressive exophthalmos. The affected calves were receiving daily injections of dexamethasone (30 microg/kg subcutaneously twice daily) as part of a metabolic study. The control calves did not exhibit exophthalmos. The ocular examinations were normal except for the exophthalmos, which ranged from mild to marked in severity. Upon postmortem examination, marked deposition of retrobulbar adipose tissue was noted in the affected calves. Dexamethasone administration appears to increase deposition of retrobulbar adipose tissue resulting in a progressive exophthalmos.
authors.affiliation: Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. wlt@vet-purdue.edu
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renninger
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stiles
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Sheryl G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Krohne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone