title: Connective tissue growth factor expressed in rat alveolar bone regeneration sites after tooth extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand bone regeneration process after tooth extraction could be a clue to develop a new strategy for alveolar bone reconstruction. Recently, accumulated evidences support that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is implicated in tissue repair of many tissues. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal expression of CTGF in the rat tooth extraction sockets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five weeks old wild type male rats (weighing 120 g) were used for this experiment. Expression of CTGF was determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in the rat upper molar tooth extraction sockets at 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after tooth extraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CTGF was expressed strongly in the endothelial cells migrating into the granulation tissue at the bottom of the sockets during 4 days after tooth extraction. During the reparative process, no apparent chondrocyte-like cell appeared in the sockets, while osteoblast-like cells proliferated in the sockets with low CTGF expression at 7, 10, 14 days after extraction. As expected, no staining was observed with the preimmune rabbit IgG and CTGF sense probe. CTGF may play an important role in angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation specifically at early healing stage after tooth extraction to initiate alveolar bone repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTGF was expressed at early healing stage of the rat tooth extraction wound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanyama
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuboki
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nawachi
authors.forename: Fabiora M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatani
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takigawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor