Effects of a weighted vest on attention to task and self-stimulatory behaviors in preschoolers with pervasive developmental disorders.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the effectiveness of using a weighted vest for increasing attention to a fine motor task and decreasing self-stimulatory behaviors in preschool children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).


METHODS
Using an ABA single-subject design, the duration of attention to task and self-stimulatory behaviors and the number of distractions were measured in five preschool children with PDD over a period of 6 weeks.


RESULTS
During the intervention phase, all participants displayed a decrease in the number of distractions and an increase in the duration of focused attention while wearing the weighted vest. All but 1 participant demonstrated a decrease in the duration of self-stimulatory behaviors while wearing a weighted vest; however, the type of self-stimulatory behaviors changed and became less self-abusive for this child while she wore the vest. During the intervention withdrawal phase, 3 participants experienced an increase in the duration of self-stimulatory behaviors, and all participants experienced an increase in the number of distractions and a decrease in the duration of focused attention. The increase or decrease, however, never returned to baseline levels for these behaviors.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that for these 5 children with PDD, the use of a weighted vest resulted in an increase in attention to task and decrease in self-stimulatory behaviors. The most consistent improvement observed was the decreased number of distractions. Additional research is necessary to build consensus about the effectiveness of wearing a weighted vest to increase attention to task and decrease self-stimulatory behaviors for children with PDD.
Fertel-Daly
D
D
Challenge Infant Developmental Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
Bedell
G
G
Hinojosa
J
J
D001288:Attention; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012653:Self Stimulation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012919:Social Behavior; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014894:Weights and Measures