title: Beta-arrestin 2 mediates endocytosis of type III TGF-beta receptor and down-regulation of its signaling.
abstract: beta-Arrestins bind to activated seven transmembrane-spanning (7TMS) receptors (G protein-coupled receptors) after the receptors are phosphorylated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), thereby regulating their signaling and internalization. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected and analogous role of beta-arrestin 2 (betaarr2) for the single transmembrane-spanning type III transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor (TbetaRIII, also referred to as betaglycan). Binding of betaarr2 to TbetaRIII was also triggered by phosphorylation of the receptor on its cytoplasmic domain (likely at threonine 841). However, such phosphorylation was mediated by the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRII), which is itself a kinase, rather than by a GRK. Association with betaarr2 led to internalization of both receptors and down-regulation of TGF-beta signaling. Thus, the regulatory actions of beta-arrestins are broader than previously appreciated, extending to the TGF-beta receptor family as well.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kellye C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kirkbride
authors.forename: Tam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: How
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Jinyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: Xiao-Fan
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lefkowitz
authors.forename: Gerard C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Blobe
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019390:Arrestins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000071560:beta-Arrestin 2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: C000605254:ARRB2 protein, human; C000605258:Arrb2 protein, mouse; D019390:Arrestins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000071560:beta-Arrestin 2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; C071736:betaglycan; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II