title: Differential effects of cell cycle regulatory protein p21(WAF1/Cip1) on apoptosis and sensitivity to cancer chemotherapy.
abstract: p21(WAF1/Cip1) was initially identified as a cell cycle regulatory protein that can cause cell cycle arrest. It is induced by both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. This mini-review briefly discusses its currently known functions in apoptosis and drug sensitivity. As an inhibitor of cell proliferation, p21(WAF1/Cip1) plays an important role in drug-induced tumor suppression. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have shown that p21(WAF1/Cip1) can assume both pro- or anti-apoptotic functions in response to anti-tumor agents depending on cell type and cellular context. This dual role of p21(WAF1/Cip1) in cancer cells complicates using p21(WAF1/Cip1) status to predict response to anti-tumor agents. However, it is possible to develop p21(WAF1/Cip1)-targeted reagents or p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene transfer techniques to have a beneficial effect within a well-defined therapeutic context. Better understanding of the roles of p21(WAF1/Cip1) in tumors should enable a more rational approach to anti-tumor drug design and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Biological Research-Oncology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA. suxing.liu@spcorp.com
authors.forename: Suxing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins