title: Primary Sjögren's syndrome associated with Gitelman's syndrome presenting with muscular paralysis.
abstract: A 38-year-old woman presented with muscle cramping of 4 extremities and paralysis for months. Laboratory results showed an elevated antinuclear antibody titer; antibodies to the ribonucleoprotein antigen Ro; hypokalemia; hypomagnesemia with hyperreninemia, but abnormally high urine potassium and magnesium levels and low urine calcium levels; and a blunted diuretic effect to thiazide, but not furosemide, which met the criteria for Gitelman's syndrome (GS) and led to the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). She received medical treatment, including a potassium supplement and aldosterone antagonist. GS as a presentation of pSS has never been reported in the literature. The features of renal diseases related to SS are reviewed. SS is the underlying cause of GS, which may precede the onset of the well-known sicca complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wu-Chang
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: An-Han
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shih-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsin-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chih-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000471:Alkalosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D001324:Autoantigens; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000209:etiology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000209:etiology*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013577:Syndrome; D000099207:SS-A Antigen
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001324:Autoantigens; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002118:Calcium; D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic; D012083:Renin; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D000099207:SS-A Antigen; C116006:RO60 protein, human; C035356:SS-A antibodies