title: Assessment of ocular and nasal irritation in asthmatics resulting from fragrance exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many asthmatics report worsening of symptoms following exposure to odours and sensory irritants commonly found in household and cosmetic products. Despite this, little evidence exists to confirm the degree to which such subjective reports are correlated with localized, objective changes in the upper or lower airways following a fragranced product exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Subjective symptom reports were compared to objective measures in mild asthmatics, moderate asthmatics and non-asthmatics following exposure to one of two fragranced household aerosol mixtures and a clean air control condition to determine if asthmatics reported greater subjective symptoms of nasal congestion or exhibited objective measures of elevated ocular irritation and nasal congestion following exposure than did healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of nasal mucosal swelling, using acoustic rhinometry, and photographic assessments of ocular hyperemia, using macro-photography, were taken before exposure, immediately after an initial 5-min exposure and again following a 30-min exposure to either of two, fragranced aerosol products and a clean air control. Self-reports of nasal patency at each time-point were also obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although moderate asthmatics tended to report more nasal congestion following fragranced product exposure than did non-asthmatics, no exposure-related changes in ocular redness or nasal mucosal swelling were observed among the three groups. Spirometry readings also failed to show evidence of any exposure-related changes in pulmonary function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite claims that exposure to fragranced products may trigger ocular and respiratory symptoms among asthmatics, we found no evidence that 30 min of exposure to one of two fragranced aerosols elicited objective adverse effects in the ocular or nasal mucosa of mild and moderate asthmatics. While physiological mechanisms of fragrance impact may yet be responsible for some of the adverse reports among asthmatics following fragrance exposure, such reports may also reflect a non-physiological locus of symptom perception triggered by other sensory cues.
authors.affiliation: Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. opiekun@monell.org
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Opiekun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulewski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vedula
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dalton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006795:Household Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic / Q000379:methods; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D007509:Irritants