title: Mutant p53 is constitutively phosphorylated at Serine 15 in UV-induced mouse skin tumors: involvement of ERK1/2 MAP kinase.
abstract: Upon DNA damage, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor protein signals its functional activation. However, very little is known about phosphorylation and localization of mutant p53. We found that mutant p53 protein in UV-induced murine primary skin tumors and cultured cell lines was constitutively phosphorylated at serine 15 residue and localized in the cell's nuclei. To investigate the mechanism of constitutive phosphorylation of mutant p53, we tested the involvement of a wide range of protein kinases and found that ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase was physically associated with mutant p53 in the nucleus. Addition of active recombinant ERK2 kinase protein in vitro to immunoprecipitated mutant p53 resulted in increased phosphorylation at serine 15. Furthermore, ERK1/2 activity was higher in tumor cells than normal cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of mutant p53 at serine 15 depends on the level of ERK1/2 activation. Interestingly, accumulation of mutant p53 in tumor cells was paralleled by low levels of Murine Double Minute 2 protein (MDM2) expression. However, when MDM2 was overexpressed, the fraction of mutant p53 that was phosphorylated at serine 15 resisted degradation, whereas the level of total p53 decreased, suggesting that phosphorylation at serine 15 and downregulation of MDM2 protein may both contribute to stabilization of mutant p53 in tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 178, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
authors.forename: Vladislava O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Melnikova
authors.forename: Annette B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.forename: Svetlana V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Bolshakov
authors.forename: Honnavara N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Ananthaswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D012016:Reference Values; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D012694:Serine; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases