title: Continuous use of an oral contraceptive for endometriosis-associated recurrent dysmenorrhea that does not respond to a cyclic pill regimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain whether long-term reduction of pain is obtained by continuous administration of an oral contraceptive (OC) in women with endometriosis-associated recurrent dysmenorrhea that does not respond to cyclic OC use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, therapeutic, self-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care and referral center for patients with endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty women who underwent surgery for endometriosis in the previous year and experienced recurrent dysmenorrhea despite cyclic OC use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous use of an OC containing ethinyl estradiol (0.02 mg) and desogestrel (0.15 mg) for 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dysmenorrhea variation during cyclic and continuous OC use, evaluated with a 100-mm visual analog scale and a 0- to 3-point verbal rating scale, and degree of satisfaction with continuous OC treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study period, amenorrhea, spotting, and breakthrough bleeding were reported by 19 (38%), 18 (36%), and 13 (26%) women. The mean +/- SD number of >7-day bleeding episodes with consequent 7-day OC suspension was 5.5 +/- 2.1. The mean +/- SD dysmenorrhea visual analog scale and verbal rating scale scores were 75 +/- 13 and 2.4 +/- 0.5 at baseline and 31 +/- 17 and 0.7 +/- 0.6 at 2-year follow-up, respectively. Moderate or severe side effects were reported by 7/50 (14%) women. At final evaluation, 13 (26%) women were very satisfied, 27 (54%) were satisfied, 1 (2%) was uncertain, 8 (16%) were dissatisfied, and 1 (2%) was very dissatisfied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term continuous OC use can be proposed to women with symptomatic endometriosis and menstruation-related pain symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica I, Istituto Luigi Mangiagalli, University of Milano, Milan, Italy. vercellini@unimi.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vercellini
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frontino
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pietropaolo
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasin
authors.forename: Pier Giorgio
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Crosignani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications*; D045166:Estradiol Congeners / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019233:Retreatment
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D045166:Estradiol Congeners; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel