title: Diagnosing dry eye using a blue-free barrier filter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the benefit of the blue-free barrier filter (BF filter) in diagnosing dry eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized clinical comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three eyes with Sjögren syndrome (n = 42) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (n = 11) were enrolled. Fluorescein staining was performed in temporal and nasal conjunctiva, and staining was scored with (BF score) and without the filter (FL score) from 0 to 3. Rose bengal staining was also scored (RB score) similarly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With FL scores of 0, 1, or 2, the BF score was significantly higher: 0.85 +/- 0.37 (P =.031), 1.74 +/- 0.65 (P =.001), and 2.65 +/- 0.48 (P =.001), respectively; with a FL score of 3, the BF score was 3 at all sites. The BF score was superior to the FL score in 66.6% of cases when the FL score was 0 and 1 and in 65.2% when the FL score was 2, but not when the FL score was 3. When the RB score was 0, 1, or 2, the BF score was higher: 1.88 +/- 0.92, 1.78 +/- 0.79, and 2.57 +/- 0.50, respectively (P =.001 for all); when the RB score was 3, the BF score was 2.97 +/- 0.16. The BF score was superior to the RB score in 75.5% of cases when the RB score was 0 and 1 and in 57.8% when the FL score was 2, but not in cases with a RB score of 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BF filter detects damaged conjunctival epithelium stained with fluorescein. Using the filter was beneficial in mild-to-moderate cases, not in severe cases. The BF filter allows diagnosis of dry eye even at the initial stage that is undetectable by conventional observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hosohata
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Sawako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hibino
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D015590:Fluorophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007638:Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012395:Rose Bengal; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D012395:Rose Bengal; D019793:Fluorescein