title: Prevalence, clinical spectrum and health care utilization of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in a Chinese population: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Population-based data on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Chinese are lacking. The prevalence, clinical spectrum and health care-seeking behaviour of subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethnic Chinese (3605) were invited to participate in a telephone survey using a validated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2209 subjects (58% female; mean age, 40.3 years) completed the interview. The annual, monthly and weekly prevalence rates of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were 29.8%, 8.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms were associated with non-cardiac chest pain [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.7-3.1], dyspepsia (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5), globus (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), acid feeling in the stomach (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 4.5-7.5) and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.6), but not with dysphagia, bronchitis, asthma, hoarseness and pneumonia. Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had a significantly higher anxiety and depression score and required more days off work when compared with subjects without. The frequency of heartburn (P = 0.032), female gender (P < 0.001), degree of depression (P = 0.004) and social morbidity (P < 0.001) were independent factors associated with health care-seeking behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was lower than that in Western populations, but carried a significant socio-economic burden in the studied Chinese population. The frequency of heartburn, female gender and psychosocial factors were associated with health care utilization in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. bcywong@hku.hk
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: W H C
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: C L K
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: H H X
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: B C Y
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors