title: Effects of 2,4-D and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol on antioxidant enzymes and level of glutathione in human erythrocytes.
abstract: The effects of in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were studied. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. The activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase SOD decreased with increasing dose of 2,4-D and 2,4-DCP, while glutathione peroxidase activity increased. 2,4-D (500 ppm) decreased the level of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes by 18% and 2,4-DCP (250 ppm) by 32%, respectively, in comparison with the controls. These results lead to the conclusion that in vitro administration of herbicide-2,4-D and its metabolite 2,4-DCP causes a decrease in the level of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. Comparison of the toxicity of 2,4-D and 2,4-DCP revealed that the most prominent changes occurred in human erythrocytes incubated with 2,4-DCP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Lódz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lódz, Poland. bukow@biol.uni.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bukowska
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000633:toxicity; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D002733:Chlorophenols; D006540:Herbicides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol