title: Are eating disorders culture-bound syndromes? Implications for conceptualizing their etiology.
abstract: The authors explore the extent to which eating disorders, specifically anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), represent culture-bound syndromes and discuss implications for conceptualizing the role genes play in their etiology. The examination is divided into 3 sections: a quantitative meta-analysis of changes in incidence rates since the formal recognition of AN and BN, a qualitative summary of historical evidence of eating disorders before their formal recognition, and an evaluation of the presence of these disorders in non-Western cultures. Findings suggest that BN is a culture-bound syndrome and AN is not. Thus, heritability estimates for BN may show greater variability cross-culturally than heritability estimates for AN, and the genetic bases of these disorders may be associated with differential pathoplasticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA. pamela-keel@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Pamela K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Keel
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Klump
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence