title: Cytokine profiles in patients receiving wide-field + prostate boost radiotherapy (xRT) for adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
abstract: As a result of the association between ionizing irradiation and the induction of inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines, circulating levels of IL-1alpha, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and TGFbeta were measured in a group of 37 patients who presented with well-defined adenocarcinoma of the prostate and were treated with wide-field pelvic (WFP) + prostate boost (PB) radiotherapy (xRT) according to RTOG protocols 94-08 and 94-13. First and foremost, patients with prostate cancer (PC) were found to have a significantly (p<0.05) elevated plasma level of the three cytokines prior to treatment. Moreover, during WFP + PB xRT, these circulating cytokine levels were further elevated, the elevation occurring in the form of cyclic waves; the concurrent waves of elevated IL-1alpha and M-CSF preceding that of TGFbeta. In addition to providing support for the existence of a humoral response to xRT in patients receiving WFP + PB xRT, the data demonstrated a significant correlation between the integral radiation dose (ID) and the temporal expression and magnitude of plasma IL-1alpha, M-CSF and TGFbeta levels in patients that had received 1-5 fractions (1.8-9Gy) of WFP + PB xRT. Thereafter, the appearance of elevated waves of cytokine expression in the patient's plasma continued independent of additional fractions of WFP + PB xRT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiobiology and Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA. kovacsc@mail.ecu.edu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Johnke
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: U L
authors.initials: UL
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eaves
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Biggs
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor