title: Value of measuring gallbladder motility in clinical practice.
abstract: Measurement of gallbladder motility is a powerful research tool, but its value in clinical practice is uncertain. Three main conditions have been investigated for potential clinical application of this measurement. The first potential application is for identification of patients at risk of recurrence following gallstone dissolution with medical therapy. Results in this clinical setting are disappointing due to the low positive predictive value for gallstone recurrence in sluggish gallbladder emptying. The second potential application is for identification of obese patients at risk of gallstone formation during rapid weight loss. In this condition, a high negative predictive value has been reported for a normal gallbladder emptying pattern. The third potential application is for patients with recurrent biliary colic and acalcolous gallbladder disease. The diagnostic value of a provocative test involving intravenous cholecystokinin injection as a method of identifying patients likely to benefit from cholecystectomy is uncertain, partly as a consequence of non-standardized methodology. The balance of evidence reported in this review suggests a low inherent value of measurement of gallbladder motility in clinical practice. Acalcolous gallbladder disease is the clinical setting deserving further investigation on the value of the cholecystokinin provocative test, but this test needs to be standardized.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine 1, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy. lanzini@med.unibs.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lanzarotto
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baisini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benini
mesh_terms: D042101:Acalculous Cholecystitis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002765:Cholecystography; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D042882:Gallstones / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002766:Cholecystokinin