title: BRAF and K-ras gene mutations in human pancreatic cancers.
abstract: We investigated the frequency of BRAF mutations in human pancreatic cancer specimens to determine its role in the development of pancreatic cancer. Nine pancreatic cancer samples without a K-ras codon 12 mutation and 19 with a K-ras mutation were included in the study. Analyses of the BRAF sequence revealed mutations in exon 15 (V599E) in two cases, both of which also exhibited a K-ras codon 12 mutation. No BRAF mutation was found in cases without a K-ras mutation. The BRAF V599E mutation was not found to be a major mutation in pancreatic cancers that had no K-ras codon 12 mutation.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasawa
authors.forename: Mohammad Azharul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karim Rumi
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nio
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higami
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf