title: Shoulder instability with absence of the long head of the biceps tendon.
abstract: We present a case of a 25-year-old woman undergoing arthroscopy for multidirectional instability. She was found to have a complete absence of the long head of the biceps tendon, thought to be congenital. It is hypothesized that the absence of the biceps may have played a role in the instability.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0284, USA.
authors.forename: Dane A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Glueck
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: Darren L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology*; D017006:Rotator Cuff; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis; D013710:Tendons / Q000002:abnormalities*