title: Global gridded emission inventories of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane.
abstract: As the contamination of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) in the Arctic air, seawater, and biota is an environmental concern, there is a need for emission inventories of beta-HCH to be used by the modeling community to predict the fate and transport of beta-HCH. This paper presents such emission inventories for beta-HCH. The total global usage of beta-HCH between 1945 and 2000 is estimated at 850 kt, 230 kt of which was emitted to the atmosphere over the same time period. Usage of beta-HCH was estimated to be around 36 kt in 1980 and 7.4 kt in 1990. Total beta-HCH emissions in 1980 were 9.8 kt with 83% attributed to the application in 1980 and 17% to soil residues due to prior applications. Total beta-HCH emissions in 1990 were 2.4 kt with 78% attributed to the application in 1990 and 22% to soil residues. While it assumed that no usage of technical HCH occurred in 2000, the global beta-HCH emissions in this year due to soil residues were estimated at 66 t. It has shown that the global beta-HCH emissions have undergone a "southward tilt" over the time period studied as more northern countries have banned the use of technical HCH.
authors.affiliation: Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada. yi-fan.li@ec.gc.ca
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M Trevor
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Scholtz
authors.forename: Bill J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Van Heyst
mesh_terms: D000392:Air Movements; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis*; D007536:Isomerism; D012016:Reference Values; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane