title: Vigabatrin-induced decrease in serum phenytoin concentration does not involve a change in phenytoin bioavailability.
abstract: The possibility that vigabatrin (VGB) decreases serum phenytoin (PHT) concentration by lowering the oral bioavailability of PHT was investigated in 21 patients with epilepsy. Each patient was switched from oral to intravenous PHT for 5 days before and after combined treatment with VGB. After VGB (2-3.5 g day(-1) for at least 5 weeks), serum PHT concentrations decreased slightly from 87 +/- 25 to 76 +/- 31 micromol l(-1) (means +/- s.d., P < 0.05), but in a subgroup of seven patients the decrease was more prominent (from 72 +/- 22 to 49 +/- 17 micromol l(-1), P < 0.005). At baseline (before VGB), serum PHT remained unaffected (85 +/- 30 micromol l(-1)) after switching PHT dosage to the intravenous route, indicating that the oral availability of the drug was virtually complete. During VGB treatment, serum PHT was also unchanged (74 +/- 34 micromol l(-1)) after switching from oral to intravenous therapy, and this was also true for the subgroup of patients showing a prominent interaction (48 +/- 18 micromol l(-1)). The urinary recoveries of PHT and its metabolites pHPPH and mHPPH remained constant throughout the study. It is concluded that the oral availability of PHT is unaffected by VGB and that the VBG-induced decrease in serum PHT is mediated by alternative mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marchiselli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michelucci
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tassinari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaccara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Timmings
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richens
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perucca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020888:Vigabatrin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010672:Phenytoin; D020888:Vigabatrin