title: Successful treatment of mucormycosis peritonitis with liposomal amphotericin B in a patient on long-term peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: A 42-year-old man, with a history of immunoglobulin A nephropathy, underwent a living-related kidney transplant. Allograft function progressively deteriorated secondary to chronic rejection and recurrence of IgA nephropathy, and he returned to peritoneal dialysis after 5 years of the transplant. Fifteen months after the discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy, Eschericia coli peritonitis developed, which was treated with ceftazidime intraperitoneally; he received fluconazole as prophylactic antifungal therapy during this period. After completing his course of treatment, abdominal pain occurred with an increased peritoneal fluid white blood cell count. Peritoneal fluid cultures were negative. He received broad-spectrum antibiotics and fluconazole with no appreciable response. After removal of the Tenckoff catheter, peritoneal fluid cultures grew a zygomycete. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) intravenously for 6 weeks. He had episodes of recurrent intraabdominal abscesses requiring surgical drainage and antibiotics. A second course of liposomal amphotericin B was administered for histopathologic evidence of filamentous fungal recurrence. After 5 months, the patient remains well without any evidence of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Serna
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wanger
authors.forename: Akinsansoye K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dosekun
mesh_terms: D018784:Abdominal Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001441:Bacteroides fragilis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006084:Graft Rejection; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole