title: Metabolism of citalopram enantiomers in CYP2C19/CYP2D6 phenotyped panels of healthy Swedes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of citalopram (CT) and its metabolites desmethylcitalopram (DCT) and didesmethylcitalopram (DDCT) in Swedish healthy volunteers in relation to CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 geno- and phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Racemic CT was given for seven days to panels with different genotypes and the following mephenytoin (Me) and debrisoquine (De) hydroxylation phenotypes: EMDe/EMMe, PMDe/EMMe, EMDe/PMMe (n = 6 in all groups), and one PMDe/PMMe subject. Blood sampling was carried out during day 7, and all urine was collected for 12 h after the last dose of CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AUC of S-CT was significantly higher in the EMDe/PMMe panel compared to the EMDe/EMMe and PMDe/EMMe panels (P < 0.05), whereas the AUC of R-CT did not differ between the panels. Similar differences, although they did not reach statistical significance, were noted for S-DCT and R-DCT. The enantiomers of DDCT were not quantifiable in PMDe, and there was no difference in DDCT enantiomer concentrations between the other two panels. A PMDe/PMMe subject stopped taking CT after five days due to severe adverse effects. Based on two time points, this subject had a very long CT half-life of 95 h. The value of 1.0 for the S/R ratio of the CT trough in this subject was similar to the mean S/R CT trough ratio of the EMDe/PMMe panel, but higher than the S/R CT ratio of the EMDe/EMMe panel (0.56; 95% CI 0.49-0.63) and the PMDe/EMMe panel (0.44; 95% CI 0.31-0.57). Thus the latter two phenotypes eliminated S-CT more rapidly via CYP2C19. An adverse effect described as an 'alcohol hangover' feeling was reported by one subject from each of the three panels. These individuals had the highest concentrations of both CT enantiomers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AUC of S-, but not R-(CT) was found to be significantly higher in PM of mephenytoin compared to EMs, PMs may need a lower dosage of CT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology at Department of Medicine Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. karin.herrlin@labtek.ki.se
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herrlin
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui-Furukori
authors.forename: Gunnel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tybring
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Widén
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertilsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D008297:Male; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015283:Citalopram; C046304:desmethylcitalopram; C064735:didesmethylcitalopram; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6