title: In vitro performance of hemodialysis membranes after repeated processing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dialyzers reprocessed with chlorine-based solutions have been associated with increases in ultrafiltration coefficient and middle-molecule removal. Increased pore size has been hypothesized as the mechanism for the latter phenomenon. Dialyzers exposed to Amukin-D (Amuchina Int Inc, Gaithersburg, MD), a chlorine-based reprocessing agent, were evaluated for changes in molecular weight (MW) cutoff and ultrafiltration properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro MW cutoff studies were performed on Fresenius F-80A (Fresenius, Lexington, MA) and Gambro Polyflux 17 (Gambro, Lakewood, CO) hemodialyzers that were reprocessed 20 times using Amukin-D. Permeability (Uf-A), defined as the area from the ultrafiltered compartment (Uf) compared with the area from the equivalent arterial compartment (A), for dextran across the hemodialyzer membrane was determined after the initial use and after reuses 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 by using size-exclusion chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uf-A for dextran increased approximately 10-fold between hemodialyzer reuses 1 and 5. Thereafter, additional reprocessing did not increase the Uf-A ratio further. MW cutoff increased during these 5 washes and did not change thereafter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reprocessing with Amukin-D increased the MW cutoff and permeability of both hemodialyzers between reuses 1 and 5, resulting in a greater ultrafiltration rate and greater middle-molecule removal. After reuse 5, there were no further increases in MW cutoff with additional reprocessing in either hemodialyzer. This suggests that reprocessing and storage of each hemodialyzer with Amukin-D affects the permeability of dextran in a nonlinear fashion and to a finite level, such that subsequent reprocessing has no further effect on the MW cutoff of the membrane.
authors.affiliation: George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Mishkin
authors.forename: Susie Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishkin
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lecchi
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003911:Dextrans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017743:Equipment Reuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D011073:Polyamines; D011108:Polymers; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D013450:Sulfones; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003911:Dextrans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011073:Polyamines; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; C017662:polysulfone P 1700; D000583:Amikacin