The carcinogenic potential of extractable organic matter from urban airborne particles in Shanghai, China.
The genotoxicity of extractable organic matter (EOM) from airborne particles in Shanghai has been determined using short-term bioassays. EOM samples were investigated using cell morphological transformation and two-stage model of mouse skin tumorigenicity assays to detect their carcinogenic activity. DNA adducts were detected using the 32P-postlabeling technique. The results showed that EOMs induced cell morphological transformation and played a role in tumor-initiating carcinogenesis. The EOMs of airborne particles from different districts of Shanghai had similar carcinogenic activity except the result of sample E (at downtown of Shanghai) was relatively high. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction makes a major contribution to carcinogenic activity according to the results of cell morphological transformation assay. DNA adducts were also detected in skin, liver, and kidney of mouse after treatment with EOMs. It is suggested that the urban airborne particles in Shanghai, which show carcinogenic potential and genotoxic activity in our bioassays, may be responsible for the increased incidence of lung cancer in Shanghai in last few years.
Zhao
Xiansi
X
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. xszhao@bu.edu
Wan
Zhi
Z
Zhu
Huigang
H
Chen
Renping
R
D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D002681:China; D006224:Cricetinae; D018736:DNA Adducts; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
D000393:Air Pollutants; D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D009153:Mutagens; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate