title: Automated image analysis of proliferating cells in carcinoma of the larynx.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of cell proliferation neoplastic progression in the larynx and possibly derive criteria of clinical significance using automated quantitative image analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study involving archival material, the occurrence and location, size, shape and staining intensity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells (12,538 cells in total) were analyzed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as well as in pre- and non-neoplastic conditions, using computer-assisted morphometry with reproducibility and sensitivity exceeding 99%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemically detectable PCNA-positive cells were located in the basal layer in non-neoplastic states, in well-differentiated SCCs in layers adjacent to the basal membrane and in poorly differentiated neoplasms in the neoplastic epithelial islets. An increased degree of dysplasia was associated with an increased number of PCNA-immunoreactive cells of increased nuclear size and staining intensity. There was a significant difference between carcinomas and dysplasia in terms of altered nuclear shape. With increasing malignancy of SCCs, nuclear shape alterations and PCNA staining intensity increased, whilst nuclear size decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated image analysis of cell populations allowed the identification of populations of malignant cells and provided information on the severity of preneoplastic and neoplastic conditions of use in studies of tumor behavior and with potential clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laitakari
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Frej
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stenbäck
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen