title: Staurosporine induces rapid homotypic intercellular adhesion of U937 cells via multiple kinase activation.
abstract: 1. Staurosporine is a broad-specificity kinase inhibitor, which has acted as lead compound for the development of some novel cytotoxic compounds for treatment of cancer. This study investigates the unexpected observation that staurosporine can also induce homotypic cellular aggregation. 2. In this study, staurosporine is shown to activate rapid homotypic aggregation of U937 cells, at concentrations below those required to induce cell death. This activity is a particular feature of staurosporine, and is not shared by a number of other kinase inhibitors. The proaggregating activity of staurosporine is inhibited by deoxyglucose, cytochalasin B and colchicine. Staurosporine-induced aggregation can be distinguished from that induced by the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate by faster kinetics and insensitivity to cycloheximide. Staurosporine induces translocation of conventional and novel, but not atypical isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC). Aggregation induced by staurosporine is inhibited by a number of inhibitors of PKC isoforms, and by inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases. Staurosporine also induces rapid phosphorylation of ERK and p38, and inhibitors of both these enzymes block aggregation. 3. Staurosporine induces dysregulated activation of multiple kinase signaling pathways in U937 cells, and the combined activity of several of these pathways is essential for the induction of aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF.
authors.forename: Jae Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Chain
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D001578:Benzopyrans; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D019012:Integrin beta1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008301:Maleimides; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011725:Pyridines; C081021:Go 6976; D014443:Tyrosine; C016658:phorbolol myristate acetate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019833:Genistein; C085746:rottlerin; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019311:Staurosporine; C058819:calphostin C; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one