title: 4G/5G promoter polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, lipid profiles, and ischemic stroke.
abstract: The 4G allele of common 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene is associated with increased PAI-1 transcription and has been proposed as a candidate genetic risk factor for thrombotic diseases. We investigated the relationship between this polymorphism and lipid profiles and stroke risk. One hundred patients with ischemic stroke and 150 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled. PAI-1 genotype was determined with the use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction-length analysis. Genotype distribution in the stroke group was 40% 4G/4G, 46% 4G/5G, and 14% 5G/5G; in the control group it was 38.7% 4G/4G, 45.3% 4G/5G, and 16% 5G/5G. The allele and genotype frequencies of 4G/5G polymorphism were not different between the stroke and control groups. Control subjects who were homozygous for the 4G allele had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels than did those carrying the 5G allele (51.2 +/- 11.8 vs 58.4 +/- 15.8 mg/dL; P =.002). In the control group, regression analysis revealed a significant contribution of 4G/4G genotype to increased triglyceride (P =.042) and to decreased HDL cholesterol (P <.001) levels. Our findings suggest that PAI-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism alone is not associated with ischemic stroke. However, this polymorphism influences lipid levels, and the underlying mechanism must be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. z7807012@email.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hock-Liew
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tzu-Tung
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ming-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Hsiao-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chien-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tsun-Mei
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1