title: The gammaherpesvirus 68 latency-associated nuclear antigen homolog is critical for the establishment of splenic latency.
abstract: Open reading frame 73 (ORF 73) is conserved among the gamma-2-herpesviruses (rhadinoviruses) and, in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), has been shown to encode a latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). The KSHV and HVS LANAs have also been shown to be required for maintenance of the viral genome as an episome during latency. LANA binds both the viral latency-associated origin of replication and the host cell chromosome, thereby ensuring efficient partitioning of viral genomes to daughter cells during mitosis of a latently infected cell. In gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68), the role of the LANA homolog in viral infection has not been analyzed. Here we report the construction of a gammaHV68 mutant containing a translation termination codon in the LANA ORF (73.STOP). The 73.STOP mutant virus replicated normally in vitro, in both proliferating and quiescent murine fibroblasts. In addition, there was no difference between wild-type (WT) and 73.STOP virus in the kinetics of induction of lethality in mice lacking B and T cells (Rag 1(-/-)) infected with 1000 PFU of virus. However, compared to WT virus, the 73.STOP mutant exhibited delayed kinetics of replication in the lungs of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. In addition, the 73.STOP mutant exhibited a severe defect in the establishment of latency in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. Increasing the inoculum of 73.STOP virus partially overcame the acute replication defected observed in the lungs at day 4 postinfection but did not ameliorate the severe defect in the establishment of splenic latency. Thus, consistent with its proposed role in replication of the latent viral episome, LANA appears to be a critical determinant in the establishment of gammaHV68 latency in the spleen post-intranasal infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Immunology and The Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Nathaniel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Willer
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Speck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D018144:Rhadinovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000821:virology*; D014775:Virus Activation; D017735:Virus Latency; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C109540:latency-associated nuclear antigen