title: Unusual facial markings and lethal mechanisms in a series of gasoline inhalation deaths.
abstract: A review of deaths associated with hydrocarbon toxicity from gasoline sniffing in South Australia throughout a 10 year period from July 1987 to June 2002 revealed 4 cases. The victims were all Aboriginal people from remote inland communities. Each death had occurred while the victim was lying in bed sniffing gasoline from a can held to the face. Once unconsciousness had occurred, the mouth and nose had been pressed firmly against the can by the weight of the head. In each case, the effects of gasoline toxicity had been exacerbated by hypoxia and hypercapnia from rebreathing into the container once a tight seal had been established between the face and the can. The circular impressions left by the can edges on the faces of each of the victims provided an autopsy marker that assisted in clarifying the details of the fatal episodes. Discouraging solitary gasoline sniffing in bed may reduce the death rate in communities where this behavior is practiced.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Science Centre and State Coroner's Office, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. byard.roger@saugov.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Byard
authors.forename: Wayne C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chivell
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000506:poisoning*; D001315:Australia; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D005742:Gasoline / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000209:etiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline