title: Nasopharyngeal reservoir of bacterial otitis media and sinusitis pathogens in adults during wellness and viral respiratory illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The carriage rate of pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx (NP) was determined using three separate techniques for obtaining samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NP of 99 healthy adults was sampled with (1) nasal swab, (2) oral swab, and (3) nasal aspiration; 49 adults with common cold were sampled with an oral swab and nasal aspiration. Three selective agars were used to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three percent of healthy adults and 74% of cold sufferers had at least one pathogen detected in the NP. Detection rates were 65% (oral NP swab), 38% (catheter aspiration), and 28% (nasal swab; p < 0.001). Carriage rates for S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, and H. influenzae were 45, 33, and 30%, respectively. Both a nasal and an oral sample were required for optimal detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial pathogens were present in the NP of three-quarters of adults during wellness and during colds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22906-0713, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: J Owen
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hendley
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.forename: Frederick G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winther
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003139:Common Cold / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*