title: Antibodies to myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocytes peptides, alpha-beta-crystallin, lymphocyte activation and cytokine production in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure neurone-specific humoral and cellular immune parameters in MRI-positive patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been postulated from animal models for MS and in situ evidence in MS patients that antibodies, activated T cells and proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the destruction of myelin sheaths and loss of oligodendrocytes in active areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were obtained from 20 healthy control subjects and 20 patients with abnormal MRI and clinical diagnosis of MS. Sera were tested for levels of IgG, IgM and IgA against myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptides, and a small heat-shock protein, alpha-beta-crystallin. Lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of MBP, MOG peptides and alpha-beta-crystallin, measured for stimulated T cells, cytokine production and compared with controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with MS showed the highest levels of IgG, IgM or IgA antibodies against one or all three tested antigens. Moreover, in the presence of MBP, MOG peptides or alpha-beta-crystallin, a significant percent- age of lymphocytes from MS patients underwent blast transformation, which resulted in high levels of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and tumour necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta) production. Sensitivity of these assays was 60-80% and specificity, 65-70%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of antibodies against MBP, MOG peptides, alpha-beta-crystallin, lymphocyte stimulation and production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to these antigens could be used as surrogate markers for the confirmation of MS diagnosis. A combination of antibodies, lymphocyte activation or cytokine production with abnormal MRI may significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity of MS diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Immunosciences Lab., Inc., Beverly Hills Facility [corrected] USA. immunsci@ix.netcom.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vojdani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vojdani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain; D007371:Interferon-gamma