title: Effect of the combination of two bronchodilators on breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A crossover clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyspnea is the major limiting symptom for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was designed to investigate the impact of the combination of two bronchodilators on perception of dyspnea in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with moderate to severe COPD (age was [mean +/- standard deviation (SD)] 64 +/- 7 years, FEV1/FVC ratio was 45 +/- 11%) were randomized in a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to receive two puffs of either ipratropium bromide plus salbutamol (IB+S), IB+placebo (P), S+P, or P+P through metered dose inhalers (MDIs) daily over a 2-week period for each combination. At the end of each period, spirometry was obtained at baseline and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after bronchodilator. Dyspnea was evaluated using a Borg scale during a 12-min walking test (12-MWT) performed at baseline and 120 min after MDIs use. In addition, the dyspnea component of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ) and a diary of symptoms were used to evaluate this symptom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 15 days of treatment, FEV1 improved significantly with all three combinations of MDIs containing bronchodilator agents. In comparison with placebo, significant improvement in dyspnea during 12-MWT was observed only when the combination of IB+S was used. No significant changes in CRDQ or patients' symptom diaries were observed with any combinations used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of the two bronchodilators used in this study appears to alleviate perception of dyspnea more than use of either agent alone.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación en Tabaco y COPD/Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico. rhsansores@aol.com
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sansores
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Vanegas
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mejía-Alfaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000473:pathology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010919:Placebos; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D010919:Placebos; D010100:Oxygen