title: 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) concentrations in egg shells as a predictor of nicarbazin consumption and DNC dose in goose eggs.
abstract: Nicarbazin is being investigated as an infertility agent for the control of non-migratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis L) populations. Nicarbazin is presently registered for use as a coccidiostat for poultry. Geese fed sufficient quantities of nicarbazin will lay non-viable eggs. We established nicarbazin consumption by measuring the concentration of a component of the formulation, 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) in the egg contents (yolk, albumin) in non-viable eggs. To estimate the nicarbazin consumption of birds that laid viable eggs (eggs that hatched or contained an embryo), a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to measure the concentration of DNC in egg shells. A statistically significant correlation was established using linear regression between the mean concentrations of DNC in the egg shell and in the egg contents in non-viable eggs. Viable eggs were estimated to contain lower levels of DNC than non-viable eggs. DNC concentrations in both the egg contents and the egg shell increased with increases in nicarbazin dose in feed. Our method allows for the estimation of nicarbazin consumption and DNC dose in eggs under field conditions, which is important in developing an effective infertility agent for over-abundant non-migratory goose populations.
authors.affiliation: National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521, USA. randal.s.stahl@aphis.usda.gov
authors.forename: Randal S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Kurt C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: VerCauteren
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000378:metabolism*; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005777:Geese / Q000378:metabolism*; D009528:Nicarbazin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002224:Carbanilides; D011744:Pyrimidinones; C044189:2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine; D009528:Nicarbazin; C039493:4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide