title: Immune response to a diphtheria and tetanus toxoid administration in a three-dose diphtheria tetanus whole-cell pertussis/enhanced inactivated poliovirus vaccination schedule: a 7-year follow up.
abstract: The immune response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid components of a combined diphtheria tetanus whole-cell pertussis/enhanced inactivated poliovirus (DTwP/eIPV) vaccine, administered in a three-dose schedule to infants at 2, 3 1/2 and 10 months of age and followed by a booster at the age of 8 years, was compared with the immune profile of a group of children at the same ages given the customary DTwP vaccine schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age and a booster at the age of 8. Diphtheria- and tetanus-antitoxin titers were measured in parallel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). After the reinforcing dose given at 10 months of age, diphtheria antitoxin concentrations of > or = 0.01 IU/ml were found in 100% of infants in the study group, 91.7% of whom reached a titer of > or = 0.1 IU/ml and a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 0.40 and 0.93 IU/ml in ELISA and RIA, respectively. At 3 and 6 years of age, diphtheria antitoxin values of > or = 0.01 IU/ml were detected in 100 and 94% of children with GMT of 0.043 and 0.024 IU/ml, respectively. Seropositivity and GMT values indicative of protection were measured by both ELISA and RIA after the booster at the age of 8 years. Similar results were found in the control group, although the GMT tended to be higher. A good correlation between results obtained by ELISA vs. RIA was evident throughout. Priming at 2 and 3 1/2 months with diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin, as a component of a DTwP program, and reinforcing 6 months later induced an immune response indicative of protection against the diseases, which persisted up to the age of the booster recommended at school entry.
authors.affiliation: Israel Center for Disease Control, Gertner Institute for Health Policy Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. icdc@icdc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saliou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Catznelson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blondeau
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peled
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Havkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin / Q000276:immunology*; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013743:Tetanus Antitoxin / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin; D022422:Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D013743:Tetanus Antitoxin