title: Mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal extensive cryptic diversity within a western American springsnail.
abstract: We analysed cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I sequence variation among 29 populations of a widely ranging southwestern springsnail (Pyrgulopsis micrococcus) and 18 regional congeners. Cladistic analyses of these sequences depict P. micrococcus as a polyphyletic composite of five well-supported clades. Sequence divergences among these clades and subclades imply the possible occurrence of as many as seven or eight cryptic species in addition to P. micrococcus. Our finding that P. micrococcus contains multiple, genetically distinct and geographically restricted lineages suggests that diversification within this highly speciose aquatic genus has been structured in large part by the operation of terrestrial barriers to gene flow. However, these sequence data also indicate that recent dispersal among hydrographically separated areas has occurred within one of these lineages, which we attribute to passive transport on migratory waterbirds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hershler
authors.forename: Kayla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clift
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002140:California; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009505:Nevada; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012908:Snails / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial