Developmental roles of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in Drosophila.
The formation of complex patterns in multi-cellular organisms is regulated by a number of signaling pathways. In particular, the Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways have been identified as critical organizers of pattern in many tissues. Although extensive biochemical and genetic studies have elucidated the central components of the signal transduction pathways regulated by these secreted molecules, we still do not understand fully how they organize gradients of gene activities through field of cells. Studies in Drosophila have implicated a role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in regulating the signaling activities and distribution of both Wnt and Hh. Here we review these findings and discuss various models by which HSPGs regulate the distributions of Wnt and Hh morphogens.
Lin
Xinhua
X
Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. linyby@chmcc.org
Perrimon
Norbert
N
D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017344:Genes, Insect; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C077245:hh protein, Drosophila