title: Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gut hormone fragment peptide YY3-36 (PYY) reduces appetite and food intake when infused into subjects of normal weight. In common with the adipocyte hormone leptin, PYY reduces food intake by modulating appetite circuits in the hypothalamus. However, in obesity there is a marked resistance to the action of leptin, which greatly limits its therapeutic effectiveness. We investigated whether obese subjects were also resistant to the anorectic effects of PYY.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the effects of PYY infusion on appetite and food intake in 12 obese and 12 lean subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The plasma levels of PYY, ghrelin, leptin, and insulin were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caloric intake during a buffet lunch offered two hours after the infusion of PYY was decreased by 30 percent in the obese subjects (P<0.001) and 31 percent in the lean subjects (P<0.001). PYY infusion also caused a significant decrease in the cumulative 24-hour caloric intake in both obese and lean subjects. PYY infusion reduced plasma levels of the appetite-stimulatory hormone ghrelin. Endogenous fasting and postprandial levels of PYY were significantly lower in obese subjects (the mean [+/-SE] fasting PYY levels were 10.2+/-0.7 pmol per liter in the obese group and 16.9+/-0.8 pmol per liter in the lean group, P<0.001). Furthermore, the fasting PYY levels correlated negatively with the body-mass index (r = -0.84, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that obese subjects were not resistant to the anorectic effects of PYY. Endogenous PYY levels were low in the obese subjects, suggesting that PYY deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine at Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Batterham
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Carel W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: Dominic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D019894:Peptide YY; C061785:peptide YY (3-36)