title: Adolescent dual use of condoms and hormonal contraception: trends and correlates 1991-2001.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of condoms with hormonal contraceptive methods (dual use) is recommended for adolescents at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to measure the extent of dual use among adolescents, to estimate trends in dual use 1991-2001, to assess factors associated with dual use in 2001, and to develop information useful for prevention programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 6 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of 9th-12th graders conducted 1991-2001. Each survey was an independent, nationally representative sample. Sample sizes ranged from 10,904 to 16,262, and overall response rates ranged from 60-70%. We estimated trends in dual use for the 1991-2001 period using linear logistic regression models of dual use on year of survey controlling statistically for grade, sex, and race/ethnic group, and evaluated correlates of dual use with chi-squared analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dual use increased significantly throughout 1991-2001, from 3.2% (95% confidence interval, +/- 0.7%) in 1991 to 7.2% (+/- 0.8%) in 2001. During this period, condom use increased and pill use did not. In 2001, 32% (+/- 2.6%) of all users of hormonal methods (pill or injection) also used condoms. Students in a number of categories had higher rates of dual use: those who were white (8.9% +/- 1.2%), 12th graders (9.2% +/- 1.5%), and those aged 17 and older (8.8% +/- 1.3%). Greater dual use was not associated with increased sexual or drug use risk behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual use has increased but remains low, especially among those most at risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jea1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santelli
authors.forename: Brenda Colley
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D016497:Adolescent Health Services; D017280:Condoms; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate