title: Expression of the zinc transporter ZnT4 is decreased in the progression from early prostate disease to invasive prostate cancer.
abstract: We have utilized oligonucleotide microarrays to identify novel genes of potential clinical and biological importance in prostate cancer. RNA from 74 prostate cancers and 164 normal body samples representing 40 different tissues were analysed using a customized Affymetrix GeneChip oligonucleotide microarray representative of over 90% of the expressed human genome. The gene for the zinc transporter ZnT4 was one of several genes that displayed significantly higher expression in prostate cancer compared to normal tissues from other organs. A polyclonal antipeptide antibody was used to demonstrate ZnT4 expression in the epithelium of all 165 elements of benign and 326 elements of localized prostate cancers examined and in nine of 10 advanced prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, decreased intensity of ZnT4 immunoreactivity occurred in the progression from benign to invasive localized prostate cancer and to metastatic disease. Immunofluorescence analysis and surface biotinylation studies of cells expressing ZnT4 localised the protein to intracellular vesicles and to the plasma membrane. These findings are consistent with a role for ZnT4 in vesicular transport of zinc to the cell membrane and potentially in efflux of zinc in the prostate.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Henshall
authors.forename: Daniel E H
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Afar
authors.forename: Krishan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Rasiah
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gish
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caras
authors.forename: Vanitha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jeffry
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kench
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Warick
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Delprado
authors.forename: C-Soon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golovsky
authors.forename: Phillip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Gordon F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Raji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kooner
authors.forename: Phillip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grygiel
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011467:Prostate / Q000502:physiology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C491597:SLC30A4 protein, human