New emergy indices for sustainable development.
The emergy indices for the evaluation of system's sustainable development ability were studied. Results indicated that the emergy indices are simplified and merged, and a new emergy index for sustainable development (EISD) is deduced. Employing EISD, two cases are conducted. The first one is to compare three different dike-pond agro-ecological engineering modes, which are: melon-melon-cabbage-four domestic fishes (mode I), melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes (mode II) and melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes combined with Siniperca chuatsi B. (mode III). The result is that the EISD of mode I is 0.53. Mode II's EISD is 5.26 times of mode I, and mode III's EISD is 6.83 times of mode I. The second one is to evaluate the development of Zhongshan City, Pearl Delta, during 1996 to 2000. The result indicated that the EISD of Zhongshan had appreciably declined from 1996 to 1998, and quickly improved from 1998 to 2000, partly because of its environment protection and product construction. Both of the two cases studies showed that EISD can assessment the sustainable development ability more roundly, with the consideration of environmental impact and social-economic effect at the same time.
Lu
Hong-fang
HF
South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
Lan
Sheng-fang
SF
Li
Lei
L
Peng
Shao-lin
SL
D002681:China; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D005544:Forecasting; D007221:Industry; D008962:Models, Theoretical