title: Combined antitumor activity of 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) and tamoxifen against human breast carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  7-Hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) was originally isolated as a protein kinase C inhibitor and has shown antitumor activity against several human cancer cell lines. UCN-01 inhibits cell cycle progression from the G1 to the S phase and is associated with inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and induction of intrinsic CDK inhibitor p21, leading to dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Tamoxifen (TAM) traps cancer cells in the G1 phase, suggesting that the mechanism of action of TAM is similar to that of UCN-01. The present study was conducted to assess the antitumor activity of UCN-01 combined with TAM against human breast carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  MCF-7 cells were treated with UCN-01, TAM, or UCN-01 combined with TAM at various concentrations in vitro. The antitumor effect was evaluated as the inhibition rate (I.R.%) by MTT assay. Two human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice, MCF-7 and Br-10, were treated with UCN-01, TAM or both agents together. The expression of p21 and the phosphorylation status of Rb protein in MCF-7 cells were detected by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UCN-01 or TAM alone inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Combined treatment with UCN-01 followed by TAM inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells synergistically and no significant differences in cytotoxicity were observed between the different sequences of UCN-01/TAM and TAM/UCN-01. Combination treatment with UCN-01 and TAM against MCF-7 and Br-10 in vivo exhibited superior antitumor effects compared with either agent treatment alone. Although 0.1 microg UCN-01 per ml (I.R.: 48.1%) or 2 microM TAM (I.R.: 31%) induced p21 expression, phosphorylation of Rb protein was not inhibited. However, combination treatment with UCN-01 and TAM at the same concentrations resulted in an I.R. of 67% and dephosphorylation of Rb protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that combining UCN-01 and TAM could result in augmented cytotoxicity because of their similar mechanism of action. This combination may have potential clinical applications for breast cancer treatment, by reducing the toxicity of UCN-01.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saitama Social Insurance Hospital, 4-9-3, Kitaurawa, Saitama-shi, Saitama 330-0074, Japan. j-koh@jc4.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Tomofusa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Migita
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013629:Tamoxifen; C054852:7-hydroxystaurosporine; D019311:Staurosporine