title: Studies on the bronchodilator, tremorogenic, cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol dry powder in asthma.
abstract: 1. The airway and tremor response and cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects of single and cumulative doses of fenoterol given by dry powder capsules (DPC) and by metered dose inhaler (MDI) were studied in asthmatics in two randomized, crossover trials. 2. Single doses of fenoterol DPC and MDI (0.2 mg, 0.4 mg), investigated in 24 subjects, produced similar, dose-dependent increases in FEV1. Fenoterol DPC caused less tremor response and less hypokalaemic effects than fenoterol MDI. 3. Cumulative doses of fenoterol DPC and MDI (0.2, 0.6, 1.4, 3.0, 6.2 mg), investigated in 12 subjects, produced a comparable bronchodilatation (mean maximum increase in FEV1 was 0.53 +/- 0.06/0.52 +/- 0.081 for DPC/MDI) and a similar, dose-dependent rise in heart rate (35 +/- 3.81/41 +/- 2.25 beats min(-1)). The rise in tremor and the fall in plasma potassium were smaller after DPC than after MDI. The mean maximum changes were 51.58 +/- 6.41/95.83 +/- 6.75 cm s(-2) for tremor and -0.68 +/- 0.09/-0.96 +/- 0.10 mmol l(-1) for potassium. 4. Our findings may result from a difference in the pharmacokinetics of the dry powder and the aerosol formulation, particularly differences in distribution and absorption. 5. In conclusion, fenoterol DPC used in low therapeutic doses (0.2,0.4 mg), is preferable to the MDI. Fenoterol DPC used as rescue medication in high cumulative doses, do not suggest a greater safety margin than the MDI and the same restrictions should be considered for the fenoterol dry powder formulation as suggested for the MDI.
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaik
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sertl
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kaik
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002214:Capsules; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005280:Fenoterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005385:Fingers; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D008875:Middle Aged; D011208:Powders; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002214:Capsules; D011208:Powders; D005280:Fenoterol