title: Herpes simplex virus and Meniere's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that Meniere's disease is associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in the vestibular ganglion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vestibular ganglia were obtained from archival surgical pathology specimens from patients undergoing vestibular neurectomy for vertigo caused by Meniere's disease. All patients met criteria for classification as definite Meniere's disease according to American Academy of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria. Control specimens were obtained from willed body donors. Sections from each ganglion were studied for prevalence of viral DNA using a nested polymerase chain reaction designed to amplify the HSV DNA polymerase gene. Quantitative analysis determined the number of viral copies per standard unit of ganglionic DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSV DNA was more prevalent in paraffin embedded ganglia from patients with Meniere's disease (100%) than in fresh-frozen control ganglia (81%) (P =.02). Fixation and paraffin embedding substantially reduced recovery of HSV virus in selected control specimens. Quantitative analysis found no correlation between viral copy number in control ganglia processed frozen versus formalin fixed and paraffin embedded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSV is more commonly isolated from vestibular ganglia of patients with Meniere's disease than the general population. The routine histologic preparation of formalin fixation and paraffin embedding significantly altered the quantity of virus detected though not in a predictable manner. The study provides supportive evidence for a viral etiology in Meniere's disease.
authors.affiliation: Bobby R Alford Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. jvrabec@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Vrabec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008575:Meniere Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014725:Vestibular Nerve / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral