title: Tissue microenvironments within functional cortical subdivisions adjacent to focal stroke.
abstract: Stroke produces a region of complete cell death and areas of partial damage, injury, and gliosis. The spatial relationship of these regions of damage to the infarct core and within spared neuronal circuits has not been identified. A model of cortical stroke was developed within functional subsets of the somatosensory cortex. Infarct size, regions of apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage, heat shock protein induction, and subtypes of reactive gliosis were precisely mapped with the somatosensory body map, quantified, and interrelated. Three tissue microenvironments were recognized: zones of partial ischemic damage, heat shock protein induction, and distributed gliosis. These three zones involved progressively more distant cortical regions, each larger than the infarct core. The zone of partial ischemic damage represents an overlap region of apoptotic cell death, oxidative DNA damage, loss of synaptic connections, and local reactive gliosis. The zone of distributed gliosis occupies distinct functional areas of the somatosensory cortex. The tissue reorganization induced by stroke is much larger than the stroke site itself. Adjacent tissue microenvironments are sites of distinct reactive cellular signaling and may serve as a link between the processes of acute cell death and delayed neuronal plasticity after focal stroke.
authors.affiliation: Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katsman
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Kateri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: S Thomas
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Carmichael
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C577486:Nes protein, rat; D064231:Nestin; D014746:Vimentin; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D003849:Deoxyguanosine