title: Expression of HNFs and C/EBP alpha is correlated with immunocytochemical differentiation of cell lines derived from human hepatocellular carcinomas, hepatoblastomas and immortalized hepatocytes.
abstract: Objective assessment of the differentiation grade of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) is important for evaluation of the pathological diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic treatment. Differentiation of hepatocytes is reflected by their expression of hepatic functional proteins in the mouse embryo, and liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs) have been shown to regulate hepatic functional genes strictly. Previous reports demonstrated that the level of LETF expression is altered in HCC or preneoplastic nodules compared with noncancerous tissues. Therefore, LETF expression levels might be useful as a measure of HCC maturation. In this study, to clarify the correlation between the expression of LETFs and the differentiation grade of HCCs, we performed a quantitative analysis of the mRNA expressions of HNFs and C/EBP alpha using real-time reverse-transcription PCR and immunocytochemical analysis for hepatic functional proteins in twelve cell lines. Furthermore, we examined orthotopic transplantations of the HCC cell lines in C.B-17/Icrj-scid/scid mice and characterized the histologic and cytologic differentiation of the tumors that developed. Our results showed that comprehensive expressions of HNF-3beta, HNF-4 alpha, HNF-1 alpha, and C/EBP alpha were specific to HCCs with well-differentiated function and morphology. Furthermore, among these four transcription factors, HNF-4 alpha and HNF-1 alpha expressions showed synchronism and had a close relation with HCC differentiation. These in vitro results were confirmed in tumors developed in SCID mice in vivo. These findings suggested that HNF-4 alpha and HNF-1 alpha are useful markers to assess the degree of HCC differentiation, which we suggest could be evaluated objectively by the quantitative analysis of HNFs and C/EBP alpha in HCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002467:Cell Nucleus; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051537:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D051539:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000637:transplantation / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496502:FOXA2 protein, human; C496503:Foxa2 protein, mouse; C496487:HNF1A protein, human; C496495:HNF1B protein, human; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C496488:Hnf1a protein, mouse; C496496:Hnf1b protein, mouse; C403128:MLX protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C501970:Tcfl4 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051537:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta; D051539:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta