title: Local side effects observed among long-term users of norplant contraceptive implants.
abstract: The prevalence of local signs and symptoms related to the site of insertion of implants, and the association of these signs and symptoms with time of use, skin color and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated among users of the Norplant implant system. Three hundred and three Norplant users attending at the reproductive health clinic of PROFAMILIA in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, were asked if they had ever had any discomfort at the site/arm of implant insertion and the implant insertion area was examined and hyperpigmentation and hollowing of the surface was recorded. Half of the subjects reported either pain or paresthesia or both, in almost equal numbers, some time since insertion. Hyperpigmentation was observed in 35.6% and hollowing in 22.4% of the subjects. Report of pain and paresthesia was inversely associated to time of use and to BMI. Hyperpigmentation was directly associated to time of use and darker skin, and hollowing of the arm surface in the implants area with time of use and BMI. Local signs and symptoms were more frequent than previously reported, although they were of mild nature and appeared not to worry most of the users.
authors.affiliation: PROFAMILIA, P.O. Box 1053, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brache
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faundes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000209:etiology; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; D016912:Levonorgestrel