title: Lifetime cost of stroke subtypes in Australia: findings from the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about any variations in resource use and costs of care between stroke subtypes, especially nonhospital costs. The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of resource use and to estimate the first-year and lifetime costs for stroke subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost-of-illness model was used to estimate the total first-year costs and lifetime costs of stroke subtypes for all strokes (subarachnoid hemorrhages excluded) that occurred in Australia during 1997. For each subtype, average cost per case during the first year and the present value of average cost per case over a lifetime were calculated. Resource use data obtained in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS) were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present value of total lifetime costs for all strokes was Aus 1.3 billion dollars (US 985 million dollars). Total lifetime costs were greatest for ischemic stroke (72%; Aus 936.8 million dollars; US 709.7 million dollars), followed by intracerebral hemorrhage (26%; Aus 334.5 million dollars; US 253.4 million dollars) and unclassified stroke (2%; Aus 30 million dollars; US 22.7 million dollars). The average cost per case during the first year was greatest for total anterior circulation infarction (Aus 28 266 dollars). Over a lifetime, the present value of average costs was greatest for intracerebral hemorrhage (Aus 73 542 dollars), followed by total anterior circulation infarction (Aus 53 020 dollars), partial anterior circulation infarction (Aus 50 692 dollars), posterior circulation infarction (Aus 37 270 dollars), lacunar infarction (Aus 34 470 dollars), and unclassified stroke (Aus 12 031 dollars).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-year and lifetime costs vary considerably between stroke subtypes. Variation in average length of total hospital stay is the main explanation for differences in first-year costs.
authors.affiliation: National Stroke Research Institute, Level 1, Neurosciences Bldg, Repatriation Campus, Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre, 300 Waterdale Rd, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria 3081, Australia. helend@austin.unimelb.edu au
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: Amanda G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Thrift
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mihalopoulos
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Richard A L
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Macdonell
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Donnan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000191:economics; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000191:economics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data