title: Ragaglitazar: a novel PPAR alpha PPAR gamma agonist with potent lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing efficacy in animal models.
abstract: Ragaglitazar [(-) DRF 2725; NNC 61-0029] is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma. In ob/ob mice, ragaglitazar showed significant reduction in plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin (ED50 values <0.03, 6.1 and <0.1 mg kg-1). These effects are three-fold better than rosiglitazone and KRP-297. In Zucker fa/fa rats, ragaglitazar showed dose-dependent reduction in triglyceride and insulin, hepatic triglyceride secretion and triglyceride clearance kinetics (maximum of 74, 53, 32 and 50% at 3 mg kg-1), which are better than rosiglitazone and KRP-297. In a high-fat-fed hyperlipidaemic rat model, the compound showed an ED50 of 3.95, 3.78 mg kg-1 for triglyceride and cholesterol lowering, and 0.29 mg kg-1 for HDL-C increase. It also showed improvement in clearance of plasma triglyceride and hepatic triglyceride secretion rate. All these effects are 3-10-fold better than fenofibrate and KRP-297. Ragaglitazar treatment showed significant reduction in plasma Apo B and Apo CIII levels, and increase in liver CPT1 and CAT activity and ACO mRNA. Significant increase of both liver and fat LPL activity and fat aP2 mRNA was also observed. In a high-fat-fed hamster model, ragaglitazar at 1 mg kg-1 showed 83 and 61% reduction in triglyceride and total cholesterol, and also 17% reduction in fat feed-induced body weight increase. In these hyperlipidaemic animal models, PPARgamma ligands failed to show any significant efficacy. Taken together, ragaglitazar shows better insulin-sensitizing and lipid-lowering potential, as compared to the standard compounds.
authors.affiliation: Discovery Biology, Dr Reddy's Laboratories-Discovery Research, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 050, India.
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: Reeba K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vikramadithyan
authors.forename: Parimal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Jagadheshan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiriyan
authors.forename: Suryaprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raichur
authors.forename: Ravi K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Damarla
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gershome
authors.forename: Juluri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Ramanujam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D010078:Oxazines; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; C432703:ragaglitazar