title: [School refusal: classification, developmental psychopathology, prognosis and therapeutic approaches].
abstract: In many cases the refusal of school is one manifestation of a complex psychiatric disorder. There is an increased comorbidity with depression, phobia and other anxiety disorders. The program of therapy should be conceptualized as multimodal. In general there is no rapid remission of the symptoms. As catamnestic studies proved, long-term consequences should be anticipated concerning the occupational integration as well as further psychiatric morbidity. Triggering and sustainable factors are heterogeneous and there is no typical psychosocial pattern.
authors.affiliation: Henning Flechtner, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Strasse 10, 50931 Köln.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flechtner
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*
vernacular_title: Schulverweigerung: Klassifikation, Entwicklungspsychopathologie, Prognose und therapeutische Ansätze.