title: Health and economic impact of the premenstrual syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on health-related quality of life, health care utilization and occupational functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional cohort study of women prospectively diagnosed with PMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among women completing the survey, 28.7% were diagnosed with PMS. Women with PMS had significantly lower scores on the Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) scale scores of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 as compared to women without PMS (MCS = 42.8 vs. 49.5, P < .001, and PCS = 51.1 vs. 53.0, P = .04). Women with PMS reported reduced work productivity, interference with hobbies and greater number of work days missed for health reasons (P < .001). In addition, women with PMS experienced an increased frequency of ambulatory health care provider visits (P = .04) and were more likely to accrue > $500 in visit costs over 2 years (P < .006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study suggest that premenstrual symptoms significantly affect health-related quality of life and may result in increased health care utilization and decreased occupational productivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Health Services Research, Cedars-Sinai Health System, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Borenstein
authors.forename: Bonnie B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endicott
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yonkers
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016387:Women's Health