title: Advancing age is associated with diminished vascular remodeling and impaired vasodilation in resistance coronary arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compensatory enlargement of the coronary arterial wall has been described in the early stages of native atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the specific effect of aging on this adaptive process in atherosclerosis. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the effects of advancing age on vascular remodeling and endothelium-dependent and -independent coronary vasodilation in patients without coronary artery disease risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients without coronary risk factors and with normal and mildly diseased coronary arteries were studied. Vessel, lumen and atherosclerotic plaque areas were evaluated by intravascular ultrasound and coronary flow response was assessed using papaverine and acetylcholine in the left anterior descending coronary artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a weak but significant correlation between plaque area and age (r = 0.29, P<0.01). Vessel area was also weakly but significantly correlated with age (r = 0.22, P<0.05). However, lumen area had no correlation with age. Vessel area in the younger group (<50 years) and the older group (> or =50 years) increased 1.64 and 0.55 mm2 for every 1 mm2 increase in plaque area (r = 0.62, P<0.0001 and r = 0.39, P<0.05, respectively). With regard to vascular reactivity, there was an inverse correlation between the percentage increases in coronary blood flow (CBF) evoked by acetylcholine and aging (r = -0.49, P<0.05). The percentage increases in CBF evoked by papaverine also inversely correlated with aging (r=-0.53, P<0.01). However, the percentage changes in coronary artery diameter evoked with acetylcholine did not correlate with aging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation of the resistance coronary artery are impaired with advancing age, which may be in association with attenuated coronary vascular remodeling with aging.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanemasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamekou
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshitama
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saihara
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minagoe
authors.forename: Chuwa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tei
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000367:Age Factors; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010208:Papaverine; D000109:Acetylcholine