title: Intraoperative ultrasound and prophylactic ursodiol for gallstone prevention following laparoscopic gastric bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that ursodiol decreases gallstone formation from 32% to 2% following open gastric bypass, but no data exist on laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) using intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  LRYGB with IOUS were performed on 195 consecutive patients. Patients with gallstones underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy, and patients without gallstones were prescribed ursodiol, 300 mg twice daily, for 6 month. Follow-up survey and ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 195 patients, 44 (23%) had had a prior cholecystectomy, 21 (11%) underwent a simultaneous cholecystectomy, 129 (66%) had gallbladders left intact, and one (0.5%) false negative IOUS was excluded. Of 69 patients with ultrasound and survey follow-up (mean, 10 months), 19 (28%) developed gallstones seven with symptoms), and 50 (72%) were gallstone free. Forty-one percent of patients were compliant with ursodiol. There was no difference in compliance between patients with and without gallstones. In patients with gallstones, all of the symptomatic patients were noncompliant, whereas none of the compliant patients developed symptoms. Medication side-effects occurred in 17 of 69 patients (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IOUS during LRYGB efficiently screens for gallstones, and selective cholecystectomy followed by prophylactic ursodiol results in low morbidity. Improvements in compliance may lower the incidence of postoperative gallstone formation.
authors.affiliation: Southwestern Center for Surgery for Obesity, Southwestern Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235-9092, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Provost
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid