title: Comparison of 3 tests to detect acaricide resistance in Boophilus decoloratus on dairy farms in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
abstract: The susceptibility of the larval offspring of engorged female Boophilus decoloratus, and of the engorged females, collected from cattle on the dairy farms Brycedale, Sunny Grove and Welgevind in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, was tested against the acaricides amitraz, chlorfenvinphos and cypermethrin. Resistance was determined by means of the Shaw Larval Immersion Test (SLIT) for larvae and the Reproductive Estimate Test (RET) and Egg Laying Test (ELT) for adults. At Brycedale the tests all indicated resistance to chlorfenvinphos, and RET and ELT indicated resistance to amitraz and emerging resistance to cypermethrin. At Sunny Grove, B. decoloratus was resistant to cypermethrin using SLIT and exhibited emerging resistance to chlorfenvinphos with SLIT and to cypermethrin with both RET and ELT At Welgevind, resistance was recorded against chlorfenvinphos (SLIT) and against cypermethrin (ELT), and emerging resistance against permethrin (RET). The results obtained with RET and ELT were generally comparable, but often differed from those obtained with SLIT. Resistance could be detected within 7 days with ELT compared to 42 days with RET and 60 days with SLIT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mekonnen
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spickett
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strydom
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Horak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D002709:Chlorfenvinphos / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013019:South Africa; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013987:Ticks / Q000254:growth & development*; D014052:Toluidines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014052:Toluidines; C017160:cypermethrin; C014983:amitraz; D002709:Chlorfenvinphos