title: Apple and pear peel and pulp and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the bioactive compounds of apple and pear peel and pulp in vitro and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in vivo. The antioxidant potentials measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), beta-carotene bleaching (beta-carotene), and nitric oxide inhibition radical scavenging (NO) tests in apple peel and pulp were significantly higher than in pear peel and pulp, respectively. The ethanol extract of apple peels showed the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation as a function of its concentration and was comparable to the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxyanisole. The pear pulp extract had the weakest antioxidant ability, whereas other extracts such as apple pulp and pear peel were nearly equal. The antioxidant activities comprised contributions from polyphenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids and correlated well with polyphenols and flavonoids. The correlation coefficients between polyphenols and antioxidant activities by DPPH, beta-carotene, and NO were as follows: 0.9207, 0.9350, and 0.9453. Contrarily, the correlation coefficient between the content of dietary fiber and the antioxidant activities test was low. The content of all studied indices in apple and pear peel was significantly higher than in peeled fruits (p < 0.05). Diets supplemented with fruit peels exercised a significantly higher positive influence on plasma lipid levels and on plasma antioxidant capacity of rats than diets with fruit pulps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw Agricultural University, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leontowicz
authors.forename: Shela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorinstein
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leontowicz
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krzeminski
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lojek
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katrich
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cíz
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martin-Belloso
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soliva-Fortuny
authors.forename: Ratiporn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haruenkit
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trakhtenberg
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D000431:Ethanol; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis; D031989:Pyrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005419:Flavonoids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers; D019207:beta Carotene; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C017616:phenolic acid