title: Increased concentration of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product, and interleukin-6 in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: To investigate the relationship between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the development of diabetic retinopathy, we determined the concentrations of pentosidine, a well-characterized AGE, and IL-6 in the vitreous of 62 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 50 non-diabetic control subjects. We also investigated the effect of AGEs on the production of IL-6 by human retinal Müller cells. The levels of pentosidine and IL-6 in the vitreous of patients with PDR were significantly higher compared with controls. In patients with PDR with vitreous hemorrhage (VH), the mean vitreous concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher than that in PDR patients without VH. There was a strong positive correlation between the vitreous levels of pentosidine and IL-6. Levels of IL-6 were strikingly higher in the vitreous compared with the serum and there was no correlation between IL-6 concentrations in the two fluids. Treatment of Müller cells with AGEs for 48 h resulted in a dose-dependent increase of IL-6 in the culture medium. These results suggest that increased formation of AGEs in the vitreous may be involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy by inducing the production of IL-6 from retinal Müller cells.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan. naoto@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Goji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujinami
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D015850:Interleukin-6; D001120:Arginine; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine