title: [Massive transfusion of washed red blood cells: acid-base and electrolyth changes for different wash solutions].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The composition of normal saline (NaCl), the standard wash solution for cell saver autotransfusion, is considerably different from physiologic plasma values in small infants. Therefore, we investigated acid-base and electrolyte changes during massive cell saver autotransfusion with different wash solutions in young pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval by the animal protection authorities 15 young pigs (weight 10.6 +/- 1.1 kg, blood volume 848 +/- 88 ml, mean+/-SD) underwent 15 cycles of cell saver autotransfusion (Haemolite 2plus, Haemonetics). For each cycle, 100 ml arterial blood was withdrawn, washed with NaCl, physiologic multielectrolyte solution (PME, V Infusionslösung 296 mval Elektrolyte, Baxter) or physiologic erythrocyte protection solution (PEP, 3.2 % gelatine, pH 7.40, cHCO3 24 mmol/l), and then retransfused. Analyses of acid-base, electrolyte, and hematologic parameters were performed for systemic and washed blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For NaCl there was a progressive decrease in systemic pH, HCO3 and base excess (BE) and an increase in chloride values (Cl) (p < 0.05). Use of PME slightly decreased pH (n. s.), whereas HCO3, BE and Cl remained stable. PEP slightly increased pH, HCO3 and BE, and decreased Cl (n. s.). Free hemoglobin increased in NaCl and PME (p < 0.05) and was below baseline in PEP (n. s.). Lactic acid course was comparable in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of NaCl as wash solution for massive autotransfusion resulted in metabolic acidosis caused by dilution of HCO3 and increased Cl values. Fewer systemic acid-base and electrolyte changes were observed, when blood was washed with PME or PEP. The decreased hemoglobin release with PEP is possibly due to a gelatine specific electrostatic surface coating of erythrocyte membranes. For massive transfusion of washed red blood cells, physiologic multielectrolyte solution and physiologic erythrocyte protection solution should be preferred to NaCl, especially for small infants.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Anästhesiologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Germany. suempelmann.robert@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sümpelmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schürholz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ahrenshop
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zander
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D006454:Hemoglobins; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride
vernacular_title: Massivtransfusionen mit gewaschenen Erythrozyten: Beeinflussung des Säure-Basen-Elektrolyt-Haushalts durch verschiedene Waschlösungen.