title: cDNA microarray analysis of altered gene expression in Ara-C-treated leukemia cells.
abstract: The acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM is sensitive to Ara-C and undergoes apoptosis. In contrast, the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K562 is highly resistant to Ara-C, which causes the cells to differentiate into erythrocytes before undergoing apoptosis. We used cDNA microarrays to monitor the alterations in gene expression in these two cell lines under conditions leading to apoptosis or differentiation. Ara-C-treated CCRF-CEM cells were characterized by a cluster of down-regulated chaperone genes, whereas Ara-C-treated K562 cells were characterized by a cluster of up-regulated hemoglobin genes. In K562 cells, Ara-C treatment induced significant down-regulation of the asparagine synthetase gene, which is involved in resistance to L-asparaginase. Sequential treatment with Ara-C and L-asparaginase had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of K562 cell growth, and combination therapy with these two anticancer agents may prove effective in the treatment of CML, which cannot be cured by either drug alone.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd, 3-14-1 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan. t.takagaki@nippon-shinyaku.co.jp
authors.forename: Kazuchika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagaki
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsuma
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horio
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaminishi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hada
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tadaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohgi
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D003561:Cytarabine