title: Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes containing a treated posterior uveal melanoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety of pars plana vitrectomy in eyes containing a treated posterior uveal melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series of patients with posterior uveal melanoma who underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Complications, vitreous cytology, local tumor control, and metastasis were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients met study criteria. Tumors were treated with (125)I plaque radiotherapy (seven patients) or transpupillary thermotherapy (two patients). Vitrectomy was performed for vitreous hemorrhage (five patients), macular pucker (two patients), macular hole (one patient), and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (one patient). Vitrectomy was performed at a mean of 24.7 months (range, 7-47 months) after melanoma treatment. Dispersion of tumor cells at vitrectomy was not observed in any patients. Melanoma cells were detected in the vitreous aspirate in one of seven cases examined cytologically. This patient had intratumoral and vitreous hemorrhage before plaque radiotherapy, underwent combined vitrectomy/cataract extraction, and developed intraocular tumor dissemination 56 months after vitrectomy. No other patients developed intraocular tumor dissemination. At mean follow-up of 24 months (range, 3-63 months) after vitrectomy, none of the nine patients developed systemic metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pars plana vitrectomy rarely may lead to intraocular tumor dissemination, although the risk of this complication is probably low if the tumor has been treated and has responded to therapy before vitrectomy. Vitrectomy should be approached with caution if a vitreous hemorrhage is present, especially if the hemorrhage occurred before tumor treatment, as this may seed tumor cells into the vitreous cavity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, and Barnes Retina Institute, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: J William
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Harbour
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Holekamp
authors.forename: Gaurav K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*