title: Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules.
abstract: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that degrade the intracellular second messengers cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. As essential regulators of cyclic nucleotide signalling with diverse physiological functions, PDEs are drug targets for the treatment of various diseases, including heart failure, depression, asthma, inflammation and erectile dysfunction. Of the 12 PDE gene families, cGMP-specific PDE5 carries out the principal cGMP-hydrolysing activity in human corpus cavernosum tissue. It is well known as the target of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) and other similar drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Despite the pressing need to develop selective PDE inhibitors as therapeutic drugs, only the cAMP-specific PDE4 structures are currently available. Here we present the three-dimensional structures of the catalytic domain (residues 537-860) of human PDE5 complexed with the three drug molecules sildenafil, tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra). These structures will provide opportunities to design potent and selective PDE inhibitors with improved pharmacological profiles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Drug Discovery, CrystalGenomics, Inc., Daedeok Biocommunity, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-390, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Je
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Kwang Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Jin Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Young-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Eunmi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Eum
authors.forename: Sam-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jie-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Gyu
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seonggu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.forename: Joong Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D001665:Binding Sites; D002243:Carbolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011687:Purines; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones; D000068581:Tadalafil; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D007093:Imidazoles; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000068581:Tadalafil; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human