title: SIFT-MS measurement of VOC distribution coefficients in human blood constituents and urine.
abstract: The new technique of selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been applied to the measurement of Henry's Law constants for the volatile organic chemicals o-xylene and trichloroethylene that both have low solubility in aqueous solvents. The method is validated by measurements in water at 298 K using the equilibrium partitioning in closed systems (EPICS) methodology in which the equilibrium headspace concentrations for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are measured in two sealed bottles containing different liquid volumes of very dilute solutions of the VOC. The range of solvents is then extended to human body fluids at 309 K including urine, saline, whole blood, red cells in saline, and plasma. The dimensionless distribution coefficients for these solvents vary markedly in the different fluids. For o-xylene they range from k(H) = 0.12-0.15 for water, saline, and urine; 0.53 for red cells in saline; 1.9 for whole blood; to 2.4 for plasma. For trichloroethylene the distribution coefficients range from k(H) = 0.070-0.091 for water, saline, and urine; 0.28 for red cells in saline; 0.35 for plasma; to 0.48 in whole blood. The very different solubilities of organic solvents in body fluids influence the uptake of solvents in workers exposed to VOCs. Some implications of these measurements are briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Colin G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Murray J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McEwan
authors.forename: Randall A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Allardyce
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009520:New Zealand; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D014835:Volatilization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014992:Xylenes; D014241:Trichloroethylene; C026114:2-xylene