title: The utility of MRI in suspected MS [RETIRED]: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.
abstract: Advancements in imaging technologies and newly evolving treatments offer the promise of more effective management strategies for MS. Until recently, confirmation of the diagnosis of MS has generally required the demonstration of clinical activity that is disseminated in both time and space. Nevertheless, with the advent of MRI techniques, occult disease activity can be demonstrated in 50 to 80% of patients at the time of the first clinical presentation. Prospective studies have shown that the presence of such lesions predicts future conversion to clinically definite (CD) MS. Indeed, in a young to middle-aged adult with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), once alternative diagnoses are excluded at baseline, the finding of three or more white matter lesions on a T2-weighted MRI scan (especially if one of these lesions is located in the periventricular region) is a very sensitive predictor (>80%) of the subsequent development of CDMS within the next 7 to 10 years. Moreover, the presence of two or more gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions at baseline and the appearance of either new T2 lesions or new Gd enhancement on follow-up scans are also highly predictive of the subsequent development of CDMS in the near term. By contrast, normal results on MRI at the time of clinical presentation makes the future development of CDMS considerably less likely.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA. elliot.frohman@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Frohman
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Goodin
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Calabresi
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Corboy
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Galetta
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawker
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kachuck
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Racke
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Stuart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012106:Research; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium