title: Effect of Italy's motorcycle helmet law on traumatic brain injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of a revised Italian motorcycle-moped-scooter helmet law on crash brain injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pre-post law evaluation of helmet use and traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurrence from 1999 to 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Romagna region, northeastern Italy, with a 2000 resident population of 983 534 persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motorcycle-moped rider survey for helmet use compliance and all residents in the region admitted to the Division of Neurosurgery of the Maurizio Bufalini Hospital in Cesena, Italy for TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Helmet use compliance and change in TBI admissions and type(s) of brain lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Helmet use increased from an average of less than 20% to over 96%. A comparison of TBI incidence in the Romagna region shows that there was no significant variation before and after introduction of the revised helmet law, except for TBI admissions for motorcycle-moped crashes where a 66% decrease was observed. In the same area TBI admissions by age group showed that motorcycle mopeds riders aged 14-60 years sustained significantly fewer TBIs. The rate of TBI admissions to neurosurgery decreased by over 31% and epidural hematomas almost completely disappeared in crash injured moped riders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The revised Italian mandatory helmet law, with police enforcement, is an effective measure for TBI prevention at all ages.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre on Neurotrauma, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy. francoservadei@libero.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Servadei
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Begliomini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gardini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giustini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taggi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006407:Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012926:Social Control, Formal / Q000379:methods