title: Prognostic power of neurohumoral parameters in chronic heart failure depends on clinical stage and observation period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelin (ET) and natriuretic peptides have prognostic significance in chronic heart failure (CHF). Because stimuli for forming these neurohormones differ, this study investigates whether their prognostic power depends on clinical stage and on length of the observation period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma big ET, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal BNP (N-BNP), and N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide (N-ANP), in addition to 11 clinical and hemodynamic variables, were obtained from 452 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) </=35%. According to their New York Heart Association class and LVEF, patients were stratified into Group A, mild CHF (n = 114); Group B, moderate CHF (n = 210); and Group C, severe CHF (n = 128). To predict the combined end-point of death or urgent heart transplantation, a multivariate analysis was performed after an observation period of up to 1, 2, and 3 years in all patients and in each sub-group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Best independents predictors were as follows: All patients: up to 1 year, big ET (p < 0.0001, chi-square = 59); and 2 and 3 years, log N-ANP (p < 0.0001, chi-square = 68; p < 0.0001, chi-square = 89). Group A: up to 2 and 3 years, log N-ANP (p < 0.001, chi-square = 12; p < 0.0001, chi-square = 25). Group B: up to 1 and 3 years, log N-ANP (p < 0.0001, chi-square = 16; p < 0.0001, chi-square = 22); and 2 years, log N-BNP (p < 0.0001, chi-square = 19). Group C: up to 1, 2, and 3 years, big ET (p < 0.0001, chi-square = 23; p < 0.0001, chi-square = 22; p < 0.0001, chi-square = 20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Big ET was the best independent marker for 1-year prognosis in severe CHF, whereas natriuretic peptides (especially N-ANP) were better markers for 2- and 3-year prognoses in mild and moderate CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. rberger@gmx.at
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strecker
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huelsmann
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bojic
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanek
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacher
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides