title: Bone mineral density and fractures in Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether women with Turner syndrome who were treated with estrogen were more likely to have osteoporosis and fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Areal bone density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured in 40 adult women with Turner syndrome and 43 age-matched healthy women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Histories of estrogen treatment and fractures were obtained by structured personal interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/- SD) areal bone density was significantly lower at the lumbar spine (0.87 +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) vs. 0.98 +/- 0.10 g/cm(2), P <0.001) and femoral neck (0.68 +/- 0.07 g/ cm(2) vs. 0.83 +/- 0.08 g/cm(2), P <0.001) in women with Turner syndrome than in controls. The diagnostic criterion for osteoporosis (T-score <-2.5) was met by 8 women with Turner syndrome (20%) with scores at the lumbar spine and by 3 (8%) with scores at the femoral neck. All women diagnosed with osteoporosis were less than 150 cm in height. Areal bone density correlated significantly with height (lumbar spine: R(2) = 0.3, P <0.001; femoral neck: R(2) = 0.4, P <0.001). Adjustments for skeletal size reduced the differences between the groups as well as the number of women diagnosed with osteoporosis (e.g., from 8 to 2 women based on lumbar spine scores). The prevalence and type of fractures were similar in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of osteoporosis and bone fractures is not increased significantly in women with Turner syndrome who are treated with standard estrogen therapy. Women less than 150 cm in height are likely to be misdiagnosed with osteoporosis when areal bone density is measured, unless adjustments for body size are made.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bakalov
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Lori B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hanton
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Constantine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stratakis
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bondy
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens