GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in the human fetal brain and multiple sclerosis lesions.
Chemokines, small proinflammatory cytokines, are involved in migration of inflammatory cells, but also have a role in normal central nervous system development. One chemokine, growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) and its receptor CXCR2, are involved in proliferation and migration of oligodendrocyte progenitors in rats. Here we studied the regional and cell type-specific expression of GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in the human telencephalon at midgestation, the time that oligodendrocytes are being generated in the human brain. Our results showed that both GRO-alpha and CXCR2 are predominately expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitors and activated microglial cells in the highly proliferative subventricular zone. This cellular and regional localization suggests that GRO-alpha/CXCR2 may play a role in human oligodendrocyte proliferation and subsequent migration. We also studied the expression of GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in brain sections of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Consistent with their role in the inflammatory process of MS, both GRO-alpha and CXCR2 were expressed in activated microglia localized on the border of MS lesions. However, neither GRO-alpha nor CXCR2 were present in early oligodendrocyte progenitors, a finding that may partially explain why remyelination is not more efficient in MS.
Filipovic
R
R
Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, Conn 06030-3401, USA.
Jakovcevski
I
I
Zecevic
N
N
D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B