title: Solid-state microstructure of poly(l-lactide) and l-lactide/meso-lactide random copolymers by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
abstract: Tapping mode atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the lamellar morphology of poly(l-lactide) and two poly(l-lactide-co-meso-lactide) random copolymers containing 3% and 6% meso-lactide. Samples were isothermally crystallized at selected temperatures, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of lamellar structure were performed using height and phase images. This is the first study of the morphology of polylactide stereocopolymers using a real-space probe, and the important effects of scanning parameters on the acquired images are described. More open spherulites with an abundance of screw dislocations between edge-on lamellar stacks were observed in samples crystallized at higher temperatures. Mean lamellar thicknesses are lower for the random copolymers compared to PLLA, particularly at lower DeltaT, in agreement with the results of our previous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Mean lamellar thicknesses derived from the current real-space examination are in good agreement with those determined previously from SAXS. Internal surfaces-from microtomed specimens-were also studied to investigate the bulk crystal morphology. Although quantitative analysis was not feasible (for reasons discussed in the text), lamellar organization similar to that seen in the surface experiments is observed at high magnifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Mantana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanchanasopa
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manias
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Runt
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011091:Polyesters; C033616:poly(lactide)