title: Naturalistic evaluation of inpatient treatment of mania in a private Brazilian psychiatric hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical practices on the treatment of mania in a Brazilian hospital, and to compare them to other international similar reports and practice guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chart revision of 425 consecutive admissions (269 patients) for the treatment of manic or mixed episodes (ICD-10 criteria) in a private psychiatric hospital of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 1996 to 2000. The rates of utilization of each antimanic medication and ECT were compared to those reported in similar international observational studies (X2, bicaudate, alpha =0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed frequencies of use of each treatment modality were: lithium (71.5%); carbamazepine (34.8%); valproate (9.4%); antipsychotics (83.3%); benzodiazepines (62.4%); antidepressants (7.5%) and ECT (33.2%). The differences detected between local practice and international guidelines were: lower rate of valproate and higher rate of carbamazepine prescription; the use of sine wave devices for ECT; frequent concomitant use of ECT with lithium (72.3%), benzodiazepines (46.8%) and/or carbamazepine (31.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the need to develop national practice guidelines for the treatment of mania and for the use of ECT, and to promote their propagation through specific medical educational programs, aiming at the standardization of practices based on the available scientific evidence.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. fmvolpe@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Fernando Madalena
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Almir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Correa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D016304:Hospitals, Private; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies