title: Cyclosporin A enhances interleukin-8 expression by inducing activator protein-1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) are widely used as immunosuppressants. However, their use has been hampered by various adverse effects, such as acceleration of atherosclerosis. Interleukin (IL)-8, a chemotactic cytokine, plays an important role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We thus investigated whether synthesis of IL-8 from primary human aortic smooth muscle cells is influenced by CsA and FK506.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Northern blot analysis revealed that CsA increased IL-8 mRNA level and enhanced its increase by epidermal growth factor or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In contrast, FK506 had no effect on the mRNA level. IL-8 accumulation in culture media was also increased by CsA. Stability of IL-8 mRNA was not affected by CsA, whereas luciferase reporter gene assay using the human IL-8 promoter revealed that CsA significantly augmented the promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that binding activity of activator protein (AP)-1 was increased by CsA, and introduction of a mutation into the AP-1 site in the promoter abolished its CsA-dependent activation. The increased AP-1 binding activity was accompanied by c-Fos synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CsA stimulates synthesis of IL-8 via activation of AP-1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells, providing a novel aspect of biological effects of CsA on the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Molecular and Cellular Adaptation, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Fukushi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kambe
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuyama
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohara
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niwata
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013936:Thymidine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D016572:Cyclosporine; D004247:DNA; D013936:Thymidine; D016559:Tacrolimus