title: Relative overexpression of macrophage-derived cytokines in orbital adipose tissue from patients with graves' ophthalmopathy.
abstract: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder involving the adipose and connective tissues of the orbit. The study of cytokines present in these tissues may reveal the nature of the cells and immune responses involved in GO pathogenesis. In the current study, we performed relative quantification of the expression of cytokine genes in orbital adipose tissue from patients with GO (n = 6) and normal individuals (n = 2). Real-time RT-PCR was performed using fluorescent probes and primers for cytokines including IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. Results showed IL-1 beta to be the gene having the greatest fold expression increase over normal in four of six patients. TNF-alpha was increased in all six GO patients. In addition, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-gamma were increased in five of six GO patients. We found no evidence of either IL-4 or IL-5 expression in any of the GO or normal samples. The increased expression of the macrophage-derived cytokines IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 suggests the presence of macrophage activation and ongoing antigen presentation within the orbit in GO. In addition, the overexpression of IFN-gamma, without evidence of IL-4 or IL-5 expression, supports the concept that cell-mediated, rather than humoral, immunity plays the predominant role in pathogenesis of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bahn
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003199:Computer Systems; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015870:Gene Expression; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011241:Prednisone