title: Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion inpatients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: the glucose-insulin-potassium study: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we considered the question of whether adjunction of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion to primary coronary transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) is effective in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A combined treatment of early and sustained reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery and the metabolic modulation with GIK infusion has been proposed to protect the ischemic myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1998 to September 2001, 940 patients with an acute MI and eligible for PTCA were randomly assigned, by open-label, to either a continuous GIK infusion for 8 to 12 h or no infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day mortality was 23 of 476 patients (4.8%) receiving GIK compared with 27 of 464 patients (5.8%) in the control group (relative risk [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46 to 1.46). In 856 patients (91.1%) without signs of heart failure (HF) (Killip class 1), 30-day mortality was 5 of 426 patients (1.2%) in the GIK group versus 18 of 430 patients (4.2%) in the control group (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.75). In 84 patients (8.9%) with signs of HF (Killip class > or =2), 30-day mortality was 18 of 50 patients (36%) in the GIK group versus 9 of 34 patients (26.5%) in the control group (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.65 to 3.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion as adjunctive therapy to PTCA in acute MI did not result in a significant mortality reduction in all patients. In the subgroup of 856 patients without signs of HF, a significant reduction was seen. The effect of GIK infusion in patients with signs of HF (Killip class > or =2) at admission is uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Isala Klinieken, Hospital de Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Iwan C C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: Arnoud W J
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: van 't Hof
authors.forename: Carine J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Doggen
authors.forename: Menko-Jan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suryapranata
authors.forename: Jan C A
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoorntje
authors.forename: Jan-Henk E
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dambrink
authors.forename: Rijk O B
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Gans
authors.forename: Henk J G
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bilo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium