title: Capecitabine and irinotecan as first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of an extended phase I study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of the combination of capecitabine and irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer with no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were treated at three dose levels (DLs). For the first two dose levels, irinotecan (70 mg/m(2)) was administered once a week for 6 weeks in combination with 2 weeks of capecitabine at 1000 mg/m(2) (DL1) or 1250 mg/m(2) (DL2) twice daily, starting on days 1 and 22. In the last dose escalation step, the dose of irinotecan was increased to 80 mg/m(2) (DL3). One cycle lasted 7 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the subsequent phase I trial, 96 cycles of capecitabine and irinotecan were administered. At DL3, three out of six patients experienced DLTs (diarrhea, neutropenia, asthenia). In order to confirm the safety of the recommended dose, DL2 was extended to 15 patients. Five patients (33%) showed DLTs at this dose level, which was considered too high to embark on further clinical studies. Subsequently, the starting dose (DL1) was extended to a total of 16 patients, with diarrhea being the main toxicity. The overall response rate was 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21% to 58%], with a median response duration of 8.7 months (95% CI 6.4-11.5 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommended doses for further studies are irinotecan 70 mg/m(2) and capecitabine 1000 mg/m(2). The combination of capecitabine and irinotecan appears to have significant therapeutic efficacy with manageable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Cancer Research), West German Cancer Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tewes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schleucher
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Achterrath
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frings
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seeber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harstrick
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Rustum
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vanhoefer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D000077146:Irinotecan; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002166:Camptothecin