title: Oropharyngeal carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in India.
abstract: The present investigation represents the first study of oropharyngeal carriage of Candida and other yeasts in HIV-infected patients in India. One hundred and fifty HIV-positive patients were investigated by culturing their swish samples on plates of CHROMagar Candida. Ninety-eight patients (65.3%) were positive for Candida and four (2.7%) were positive for other yeasts. Among them, the first Indian C. dubliniensis isolate has been recovered. Molecular typing of selected C. albicans isolates by AP-PCR revealed two major genotypes based on the banding patterns. The susceptibilities of 30 Candida isolates to five antifungal agents including the new triazole voriconazole were determined in a micro-dilution test, according to the NCCLS protocol M 27. All the 22 C. albicans isolates were susceptible to five antimycotic agents (flucytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole) except one isolate (VPCI-122), which was resistant to flucytosine (MIC > or = 64 mg l-1). The azole-resistant isolates reported here endorse the role of antifungal susceptibility testing whenever antifungal treatment with azoles is planned.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 027, India. harishgugnani@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gugnani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fegeler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chattopadhya
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Baveja
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalghatgi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murlidhar
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal