title: Accessibility of alcohol-related attitudes: a cross-lag panel model with young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the alcohol literature, most cognition research has focused on alcohol expectancies. Overall scores on alcohol expectancy questionnaires predict longitudinal changes in drinking behavior. However, the association between expectancy subscale scores and drinking behavior is inconsistent and modest. Attitudinal information may vary in accessibility (i.e., the ease or speed with which attitudinal information is evaluated), and more accessible (i.e., faster) attitudinal evaluations may predict heavier alcohol consumption. An alternative hypothesis arising from response competition theory is that heavy drinkers will show slow attitudinal evaluations, given that heavy drinkers frequently show mixed, inconsistent, or opposing alcohol-related beliefs. In this study we examined the degree to which speed of processing of alcohol-related evaluative judgments longitudinally predicted alcohol consumption in university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Response latencies for alcohol- and non-alcohol-related attitudinal inquiries and measures of alcohol use were administered at two intervals 4 months apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The key findings were that response times for tension reduction and cognitive impairment items at time 1 positively predicted alcohol consumption at time 2. These results held after we accounted for autocorrelation in drinking and individual variability in reactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For items relating to tension reduction, response times fit a response competition hypothesis better than the attitude accessibility hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia. a.kelly@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Adrian B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witkiewitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology