title: Field testing the influence of sperm competition based on sperm mobility in breeder turkey toms.
abstract: 1. Commercial reproduction of turkeys relies on pooling of semen from multiple males for inseminations. Understanding how sperm characteristics influence paternity under commercial breeding conditions is important to improving production efficiency. 2. The objective of this study was to evaluate progeny production of individual toms following commercial practices of pooling semen to determine if sperm mobility influences progeny production in field conditions. 3. A total of 104 toms were evaluated for sperm mobility. A subset of 10 toms were housed together and semen was collected, pooled and used to inseminate hens (n = 28). Hens were inseminated at 30 weeks of age and weekly thereafter. 4. Ejaculates from each tom were evaluated on two separate days for sperm mobility. Semen from each tom was diluted and layered upon 6% (wt/vol) Accudenz solution. The sperm suspension was incubated at 41 degrees C for 5 min and absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer. 5. Toms were ranked by absorbance and categorised as high or low if mobility score was +/- 1 SD from the flock mean (average). 6. For parentage determination, DNA was extracted from tom, hen and poult blood. Poult parentage (n = 276) was determined at one day of age or at 14 weeks by analysis of marker genotypes that were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA with selected microsatellite markers. 7. Sperm mobility differed across males with absorbance values ranging from 0.147 to 0.366. 8. Findings demonstrate differences in poult production among individual toms when semen from multiple males was pooled and inseminated. Toms classified as high, average and low produced 55, 41 and 4% of the offspring, respectively. 9. It appears that sperm mobility is a trait that influences sperm competition among toms under field conditions where sperm numbers inseminated from individual toms are not controlled or constant and that toms with low sperm mobility produce few offspring.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. donoghue@uark.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Froman
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Sonstegard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D005838:Genotype; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D014422:Turkeys / Q000502:physiology*