title: Quantitative tumor apoptosis imaging using technetium-99m-HYNIC annexin V single photon emission computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiolabeled annexin V may allow for repetitive and selective in vivo identification of apoptotic cell death without the need for invasive biopsy. This study reports on the relationship between quantitative technetium-99m- (99mTc-) 6-hydrazinonicotinic (HYNIC) radiolabeled annexin V tumor uptake, and the number of tumor apoptotic cells derived from histologic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients (18 men, two women) suspected of primary (n = 19) or recurrent (n = 1) head and neck carcinoma were included. All patients underwent a spiral computed tomography (CT) scan, 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tomography, and subsequent surgical resection of the suspected primary or recurrent tumor. Quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V uptake in tumor lesions divided by the tumor volume, derived from CT, was related to the number of apoptotic cells per tumor high-power field derived from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays performed on sectioned tumor slices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnosis was primary head and neck tumor in 18 patients, lymph node involvement of a cancer of unknown primary origin in one patient, and the absence of recurrence in one patient. Mean percentage absolute tumor uptake of the injected dose per cubic centimeter tumor volume derived from tomographic images was 0.0003% (standard deviation [SD], 0.0004%) at 1 hour postinjection (PI) and 0.0001% (SD, 0.0000%) at 5 to 6 hours PI (P =.012). Quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tumor uptake correlated well with the number of apoptotic cells if only tumor samples with no or minimal amounts of necrosis were considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of necrosis, absolute 99mTc-HYNIC annexin V tumor uptake values correlate well with the number of apoptotic cells derived from TUNEL assays.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185B, Ghent 9000, Belgium. christophe.vandeweile@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van de Wiele
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lahorte
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vermeersch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loose
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mervillie
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vanderheyden
authors.forename: Claude A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuvelier
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Slegers
authors.forename: Rudi A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dierck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017304:Annexin A5; D017209:Apoptosis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C117287:technetium Tc 99m HYNIC annexin V