title: Oral administration of formalin-inactivated cells of Aeromonas hydrophila A3-51 controls infection by atypical A. salmonicida in goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.).
abstract: There has been increasing interest in the use of probiotics in aquaculture to control fish diseases (e.g. Douillet Langdon 1994; Gildberg, Mikkelsen, Sandaker & Ringo 1997; Kennedy, Tucker, Neidic, Vermeer, Cooper, Jarrell & Sennett 1998; DeSchrijver & Ollevier 2000; Robertson, O'Dowd, Burrells, Williams & Austin 2000), and a diverse range of Gram-positive (such as Carnobacterium inhibens) (Robertson et al. 2000) and Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio alginolyticus (Garriques & Arevalo 1995), have been evaluated at various times. However, the possible use of probiotics to control diseases of ornamental fish has been neglected. Consequently, following previous success with live (Irianto & Austin 2002) and inactivated probiotics in salmonids (Irianto & Austin, in press), research has focused on the usefulness of inactivated bacterial preparations for the control of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infections in goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.). Goldfish, of average 40-50 mm in length, were obtained from a commercial farm in England, and maintained in aerated re-circulating dechlorinated fresh water at 17 degrees C. Their health status was examined immediately upon arrival in the aquaria and at 1-2-week periods thereafter (after Austin & Austin 1989).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irianto
authors.forename: P A W
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D006054:Goldfish / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde; D009113:Muramidase