title: Validation of the Spanish version of the Liver Disease Quality of Life questionnaire in transplant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to validate Spanish and Catalan versions of the Liver Disease Quality of Life questionnaire (LDQOL) for use in liver transplant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LDQOL consists of the SF-36 generic measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and 12 disease-specific dimensions for liver disease patients. The Spanish and Catalan versions of the questionnaire were administered to 138 patients with a liver transplant. Cronbach's alpha coefficients (CAC) were used to test the internal consistency of disease-specific scales. Test-retest reliability was calculated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) in a sub-group of 41 patients who completed the questionnaire on two occasions 1 to 2 weeks apart. Validity was analysed by determining the instrument's capacity to discriminate between patient groups classified according to years since transplant, disease etiology, and symptom severity. Ceiling and floor effects were also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency in the disease-specific dimensions was acceptable or good (CACs 0.60-0.97), as was test-retest reliability in all dimensions (statistically significant CCIs of 0.62-0.89), except the symptoms dimension (CCI=0.46, P<.05). Few differences were found in disease-specific dimension scores between patients classified according to number of years since transplant or etiology, but differences were found in some dimensions according to symptom severity. Moderate to severe ceiling effects were found in several disease-specific dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish and Catalan versions of the LDQOL may be useful for measuring HRQOL in this population, though it will be important to investigate further the instrument's sensitivity to change.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge (Hospitalet), Barcelona, Spain. t.casanavas@esub.scs.es
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Casanovas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Fariña
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tremosa
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figueras
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Casais
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012890:Sleep; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires