title: Chondral and osteochondral injuries associated with acute patellar dislocation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and precise pathology of articular cartilage injuries after acute patellar dislocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 39 consecutive knees with initial lateral patellar dislocation, the articular cartilage injuries were examined using arthroscopy or macroscopic observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven knees (95%) had articular cartilage injuries of the patellofemoral joint and 2 knees (5%) had no cartilage injury. In all 37 knees (95%), articular cartilage injuries were observed in the patella. The appearances were categorized into 3 groups: cracks alone (9 knees), cartilage defect caused by osteochondral or chondral fracture (7 knees), and cartilage defects caused by osteochondral or chondral fracture associated with cracks (21 knees). The main site of osteochondral fracture was the medial facet, and the main site of cracks was the central dome. Twelve knees (31%) had cartilage injury of the lateral femoral condyle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From this study, articular cartilage injuries, especially of the patella, seem to be common occurrences after acute patellar dislocation. Chondral and osteochondral injuries of the patella were classified into 3 groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan. edk-nomura@spn1.speednet.ne.jp
authors.forename: Eiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Motoyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurimura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D031222:Patellar Dislocation / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies