title: Cost-effectiveness of home-based care versus hospital care for chronically ill tuberculosis patients, Francistown, Botswana.
abstract: METHODS
  Francistown, Botswana, 1999.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the affordability and cost-effectiveness of home-based directly observed therapy (DOT) compared to hospital-based DOT for chronically ill tuberculosis (TB) patients, and to describe the characteristics of patients and their caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Costs for each alternative strategy were analysed from the perspective of the health system and caregivers, in 1998 US dollars. Caregiver costs were assessed using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 50 caregivers. Health system costs were assessed using interviews with relevant staff and documentary data such as medical records and expenditure files. These data were used to calculate the average cost of individual components of care, and, for each alternative strategy, the average cost per patient treated. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the cost per patient compliant with treatment. The characteristics of caregivers and patients were assessed using demographic and socio-economic data collected during interviews, and medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, home-based care reduced the cost per patient treated by 44% compared with hospital-based treatment (dollars 1657 vs. dollars 2970). The cost to the caregiver was reduced by 23% (dollars 551 vs. dollars 720), while the cost to the health system was reduced by 50% (dollars 1106 vs. dollars 2206). The cost per patient complying with treatment was dollars 1726 for home-based care and dollars 2970 for hospitalisation. Caregivers were predominantly female relatives (88%), unemployed (48%), with primary school education or less (82%), and with an income of less than dollars 1000 per annum (71%). Of those patients with an HIV test result, 98% were HIV-positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Home-based care is more affordable and cost-effective than hospital-based care for chronically ill TB patients, although costs to caregivers remain high in relation to their incomes. Structured home-based DOT should be included as a component of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme in Botswana.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moalosi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phatshwane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moeti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Binkin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kenyon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001902:Botswana; D017028:Caregivers; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000191:economics*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D014478:Unemployment