title: Long-term results of preoperative radiotherapy for 113 cases of UT3 and UT4 rectal cancer: a need for long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eighty percent of local recurrence after resection of rectal adenocarcinoma classically occurs within two years of surgery. Pretherapeutic staging is frequently limited to clinical examination, although the accuracy of endoanal ultrasonography has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to report the long-term results of preoperative radiation therapy and resection of pretherapeutic endoanal ultrasonography-staged T3 and T4 rectal adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective review analyzed a series of 113 patients who underwent radiation therapy followed by surgery. All patients underwent an endoanal ultrasonography. Median follow-up was 75 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven percent of patients were pT3 or T4. Thirty-six percent had involvement of lymph nodes. Five-year rates of survival, local recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival were 79, 73, and 68 percent, respectively. Ten-year rates were 65, 63, and 62 percent, respectively. Median time to detection of local recurrence was 39 months. Eight of ten local recurrences occurred after two years of follow-up. Eight of ten patients with local recurrence had pretherapeutic endoanal ultrasonography-staged N+ tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results appear to justify a follow-up program for patients with pretherapeutic endoanal ultrasonography-staged N+ tumor. However, a minimum of seven years of follow-up is needed to obtain an accurate assessment of results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moutardier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tardat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lelong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guiramand
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magnin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Houvenaeghel
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Delpero
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis