title: Hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in Alberta patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections: a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine whether outcomes of pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons differed from those among HIV-negative persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alberta hospital patient abstracts for HIV-positive per-sons requiring hospitalization for pneumonia from April 1, 1994,until March 31, 1999, were matched by age and sex with four HIV-negative counterparts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia decreased for those with HIV (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome[AIDS]) and increased for those with HIV (non-AIDS) during the study period. HIV (AIDS) patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (n=130) manifested three times higher odds for a longer length of hospital stay and had three and 10 times higher odds for excess in-hospital and one-year mortality, respectively, than their matched controls. Similarly, HIV (non-AIDS) patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (n=46) manifested two times high-er odds for a longer length of hospital stay and had four times higher odds for excess one-year mortality than their matched controls. The in-hospital and one-year mortality rates for the HIV (AIDS) patients were 21.2% and 64.3%, respectively, during the first three years, and decreased to 8.7% and 40.7%, respectively, in the last two years of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcomes for community-acquired pneumonia were worse for those with HIV (non-AIDS) and HIV (AIDS)compared with non-HIV hospitalized patients matched for age and sex, and controlling for severity of illness and comorbidity. In-hospital and one-year mortality rates for patients with HIV (AIDS)showed a marked decline over the study period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton. cujecjohnson@shaw.ca
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Keumhee C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carriere
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Predy
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafran
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Marrie
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D017721:Hospital Costs; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology*