title: Prophylactic efficacy of linezolid alone or combined with levofloxacin and vancomycin in a rat subcutaneous pouch model of graft infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of linezolid, alone or in combination with levofloxacin and vancomycin, in the prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infection resulting from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Graft infections were established in the subcutaneous tissue of adult male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron prostheses, followed by topical inoculation with S. epidermidis. The study comprised: one group without inoculation; one inoculated group without prophylaxis; six inoculated groups that received intraperitoneal linezolid (8 mg/kg), levofloxacin (7 mg/kg) or vancomycin (7 mg/kg) alone or in combination at the dosages mentioned above. Each group included 20 animals. The grafts were removed after 7 days and evaluated by quantitative culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative graft cultures from animals treated with a single drug showed a significant efficacy only for linezolid. The efficacy of levofloxacin was similar to that of vancomycin. Combination studies demonstrated that only the treatments that included linezolid produced no evidence of staphylococcal infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linezolid as perioperative prophylaxis can be useful for the prevention of graft infections caused by multiresistant staphylococcal strains.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy. anconacmi@interfree.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacometti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghiselli
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cirioni
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mocchegiani
authors.forename: Fiorenza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Maria Simona
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Del Prete
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amato
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scalise
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D064704:Levofloxacin; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D006020:Glycopeptides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D064704:Levofloxacin; D014640:Vancomycin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D000069349:Linezolid