title: Motor function under lower and higher controlled processing demands in early and continuously treated phenylketonuria.
abstract: This study examined motor control in 61 early and continuously treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and 69 control participants, aged 7 to 14 years. The pursuit task demanded concurrent planning and execution of unpredictable movements, whereas the tracking task required a highly automated circular movement that could be planned in advance. PKU patients showed significantly poorer motor control in both tasks compared with control participants. Deficits were particularly observed for younger patients (age < 11 years). Differences between control participants and PKU patients were significantly greater in the pursuit task compared with the tracking task, indicating more serious deficits when a higher level of controlled processing is required. Correlations with historical phenylalanine levels indicated a later maturation of the level of control required by the pursuit task compared with the tracking task.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. stephan.huijbregts@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: S C J
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huijbregts
authors.forename: L M J
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: De Sonneville
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Van Spronsen
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Berends
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Licht
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Verkerk
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sergeant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D010649:Phenylalanine