title: Association of CC chemokine receptor 7 with lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) plays a critical role in the migration of activated dendritic cells to regional lymph nodes. Recent studies have shown that CCR7 is involved in metastasis in some malignant diseases. The role of CCR7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not yet been clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed reverse transcription-PCR analysis for CCR7 in 20 esophageal SCC cell lines and immunohistochemical analysis of 96 esophageal SCC samples. We then performed a cell migration assay, F-actin polymerization, and a phagokinetic assay on esophageal SCC cell lines in the presence of CCL21, a ligand of CCR7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCR7 mRNA was detected in 9 of 20 esophageal SCC cell lines. Immunoreactive CCR7 was found mainly in esophageal cancer cells. High CCR7 expression was significantly correlated with esophageal SCC lymphatic permeation, lymph node metastasis, tumor depth, and tumor-node-metastasis stage and was associated with poor survival. In vitro studies demonstrated that CCL21 significantly increased the cell migration ability of esophageal SCC cell lines, and pseudopodia formation was induced by CCL21 stimulation. Furthermore, CCL21 markedly enhanced the motility of esophageal carcinoma cell lines by the phagokinetic assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that the CCR7/CCL21 receptor ligand system may play a role in the lymph node metastasis of esophageal SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yongzeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaganoi
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komoto
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashida
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002633:Chemotaxis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008024:Ligands; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C515370:CCR7 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D012313:RNA