title: Brief, repeated, oxygen-glucose deprivation episodes protect neurotransmission from a longer ischemic episode in the in vitro hippocampus: role of adenosine receptors.
abstract: 1. Ischemic preconditioning in the brain consists of reducing the sensitivity of neuronal tissue to further, more severe, ischemic insults. We recorded field epsps (fepsps) extracellularly from hippocampal slices to develop a model of in vitro ischemic preconditioning and to evaluate the role of A1, A2A and A3 adenosine receptors in this phenomenon. 2. The application of an ischemic insult, obtained by glucose and oxygen deprivation for 7 min, produced an irreversible depression of synaptic transmission. Ischemic preconditioning was induced by four ischemic insults (2 min each) separated by 13 min of normoxic conditions. After 30 min, an ischemic insult of 7 min was applied. This protocol substantially protected the tissue from the irreversible depression of synaptic activity. 3. The selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 100 nm), completely prevented the protective effect of preconditioning. The selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol (ZM 241385, 100 nm) did not modify the magnitude of fepsp recovery compared to control slices. The selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists, 3-propyl-6-ethyl-5[ethyl(thio)carbonyl]-2-phenyl-4-propyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate (MRS 1523, 100 nm) significantly improved the recovery of fepsps after 7 min of ischemia. 4. Our results show that in vitro ischemic preconditioning allows CA1 hippocampal neurons to become resistant to prolonged exposure to ischemia. Adenosine, by stimulating A1 receptors, plays a crucial role in eliciting the cell mechanisms underlying preconditioning; A2A receptors are not involved in this phenomenon, whereas A3 receptor activation is harmful to ischemic preconditioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corradetti
authors.forename: Felicita
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pedata
mesh_terms: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000502:physiology; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000502:physiology; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3 / Q000502:physiology; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C419146:2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011725:Pyridines; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; D014970:Xanthines; C097270:ZM 241385; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen