title: [Oleyl pyroglutamate for use as transdermal enhancer and its enhancing mechanism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the enhancing activity and the mechanism of oleyl pyroglutamate used as transdermal enhancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The penetration-enhancing effects of oleyl pyroglutamate, oleyl alcohol and oleic acid on the three drugs (caffeine, tinidazole and cortisone) were observed; the transdermal enhancing mechanism of oleyl pyroglutamate was studied with the attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) of the human stratum corneum in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The penetration-enhancing ratio of the three drugs was 7.9 fold, 41.8 fold and 2.8 fold, respectively. The absorptions at 2,800-2,950 cm-1 and 1,642-1,646 cm-1 (amide-I) in the ATR-FTIR spectrum of the stratum were found to be shifted differently following removal of the stratum corneum which was treated with oleyl pyroglutamate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oleyl pyroglutamate showed better penetration-enhancing effect on the penetration of drugs. Its transdermal enhancing mechanism may be that oleyl pyroglutamate induced not only disordering of the stratum corneum lipid, but also change of the secondary structure of keratin.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zycheng@gzsums.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zhi-yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hao-fan
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; C484877:oleyl pyroglutamate; D014011:Tinidazole; C010268:oleyl alcohol; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002110:Caffeine; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; D003348:Cortisone