Power-law versus exponential distributions of animal group sizes.
There has been some confusion concerning the animal group size: an exponential distribution was deduced by maximizing the entropy; lognormal distributions were practically used; as power-law decay with exponent 3/2 was proposed in physical analogy to aerosol condensation. Here I show that the animal group-size distribution follows a power-law decay with exponent 1, and is truncated at a cut-off size which is the expected size of the groups an arbitrary individual engages in. An elementary model of animal aggregation based on binary splitting and coalescing on contingent encounter is presented. The model predicted size distribution holds for various data from pelagic fishes and mammalian herbivores in the wild.
Niwa
Hiro-Sato
HS
Behavioral Ecology Section, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Hasaki, Ibaraki 314-0421, Japan. hiro.s.niwa@fra.affrc.go.jp
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology; D008322:Mammals / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012919:Social Behavior; D013269:Stochastic Processes