title: Alcohol as a risk factor for global burden of disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To make quantitative estimates of the burden of disease attributable to alcohol in the year 2000 on a global basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two dimensions of alcohol exposure were included: average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking. There were also two main outcome measures: mortality, i.e. the number of deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), i.e. the number of years of life lost to premature mortality or to disability. All estimates were prepared separately by sex, age group and WHO region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol causes a considerable disease burden: 3.2% of the global deaths and 4.0% of the global DALYs in the year 2000 could be attributed to this exposure. There were marked differences by sex and region for both outcomes. In addition, there were differences by disease category and type of outcome; in particular, unintentional injuries contributed most to alcohol-attributable mortality burden while neuropsychiatric diseases contributed most to alcohol-attributable disease burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The underlying assumptions are discussed and reasons are given as to why the estimates should still be considered conservative despite the considerable burden attributable to alcohol globally.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research Institute, Zürich, Switzerland. jtrehm@aol.com
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rehm
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Room
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gmel
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rehn
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sempos
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jernigan
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors