title: Expression of glucocorticoid resistance following social stress requires a second signal.
abstract: Stimulation of splenocytes from socially stressed mice [social disruption (SDR)] with Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed a state of functional glucocorticoid (GC) resistance. LPS-stimulated splenocytes were less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of corticosterone. This study demonstrated that activation signals were required for the expression of splenic GC resistance. The results demonstrated that six cycles of SDR induced splenomegaly and increased the number of CD11b-positive monocytes. SDR also increased the viability of cultured, nonstimulated splenocytes, and addition of corticosterone reduced the viability of these cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, following stimulation with LPS, the sensitivity of SDR splenocytes to GC was reduced. Similar results were obtained using lipid A, a fraction of the LPS molecule that binds to Toll-like receptor (TLR)4. Furthermore, C3H/HeJ mice that do not possess a functional TLR4 molecule responded to SDR with an increased number of CD11b-positive monocytes in the spleen and increased viability of nonstimulated splenocytes. However, neither LPS nor lipid A stimulation resulted in the expression of GC resistance. Together, these findings suggest that the expression of GC resistance in response to SDR requires a second signal that can be provided by ligation of TLR4.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43218-2357, USA.
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avitsur
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Padgett
authors.forename: Firdaus S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Dhabhar
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Kari A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engler
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sheridan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008050:Lipid A / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013163:Splenomegaly / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D008050:Lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D003345:Corticosterone