title: Laparoscopic enhancement of tumour cell binding to the peritoneum is inhibited by anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There still remain some concerns over the phenomenon of port-site metastases (PSM) after laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the pneumoperitoneum on tumor-mesothelial cell interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The adhesion of a colon carcinoma cell line to a mesothelial cell monolayer exposed to carbon dioxide, helium, or air was assessed using an in vitro adhesion assay. Changes in adherence were correlated with alterations in cell surface molecule expression by the mesothelial cells using flow cytometry after exposure to the different environments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of the mesothelial cells to an in vitro pneumoperitoneum significantly enhanced tumor cell binding to the mesothelial cell monolayer. No differences in cell viability were observed between the groups. This was associated with increased expression of mesothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mediated by nuclear factor kappa-B. The enhanced adhesion was abolished by ICAM-1 inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the laparoscopic environment increases the susceptibility of the mesothelium to tumor cell adherence, and this may be explained by changes in ICAM-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, 10th Floor QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London. W2 1NY, England, UK. p.ziprin@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ziprin
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ridgway
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Darzi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D000388:Air; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium; D006371:Helium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010455:Peptides; C118258:SN50 peptide; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006371:Helium