title: Phenoloxidase activity in larval and juvenile homogenates and adult plasma and haemocytes of bivalve molluscs.
abstract: Phenoloxidase (PO) activity was studied in larval and juvenile homogenates and in the plasma and haemocytes of adult Crassostrea gigas, Argopecten ventricosus, Nodipecten subnodosus, and Atrina maura. Samples were tested for the presence of PO activity by incubation with the substrate L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine using trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, laminarin, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to elicit activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO) system. PO activity was not detected in larval homogenate. In juvenile homogenate, PO activity was found only in C. gigas and N. subnodosus. PO activity was present in adult samples and was enhanced by elicitors in the plasma of all species tested, but in haemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS) of only N. subnodosus. Activation of proPO by laminarin was suppressed by a protease inhibitor cocktail (P-2714) in plasma and HLS of all species tested.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), P.O. Box 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna-González
authors.forename: Alfonso N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Maeda-Martínez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vargas-Albores
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ascencio-Valle
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robles-Mungaray
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D007980:Levodopa / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008974:Mollusca / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D007980:Levodopa; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D002918:Chymotrypsin; C117608:alpha-chymotrypsin; D014357:Trypsin