title: Lung transplantation in young infants with interstitial pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe our experience with infants suffering from interstitial pneumonia referred for lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1998 to December 2000, three infants were admitted to our lung transplantation program: a 9-month-old girl (patient 1) suffering from surfactant protein C deficiency who had high oxygen requirements (fraction of inspired oxygen: 70% to 90%), and two boys, ages 2 (patient 2) and 9 months (patient 3), who were ventilator-dependent due to chronic pneumonitis of infancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were transplanted at the age of 5 months (patient 2) and 13 months (patients 1 and 3) at 87 to 105 days after being accepted for lung transplantation. All cases underwent a sequential double lung transplant on cardiopulmonary bypass. The immunosuppressive regime included tacrolimus, prednisone, and azathioprine. Patients 2 and 3 also received basiliximab. Two cases suffered a mild rejection episode that responded to high-dose steroids. Patient 2 was ventilator-dependent for 8 months after transplant, owing to severe bronchomalacia and left main bronchus stenosis. Bronchial stenosis resolved after pneumatic dilatation and endobronchial stenting. This patient also presented with a pulmonary artery anastomosis stricture that required percutaneous balloon dilatation. All three patients are at home, carrying out normal activities for their age, with no respiratory symptoms after a period of 8 to 29 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interstitial pneumonia of infancy is a rare disease with a bad prognosis and no specific treatment; therefore, lung transplantation represents a good therapeutic option for these infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maestre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balcells
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marhuenda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cobos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Montferrer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liñan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gartner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roqueta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Majo
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000601:surgery*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome