title: QRS duration: a simple marker for predicting cardiac mortality in ICD patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients resuscitated from ventricular tachyarrhythmias benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) as opposed to medical treatment. Patients with increased QRS duration receiving an ICD in the presence of heart failure are at greatest risk of cardiac death and benefit most from ICD therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether an increased QRS duration predicts cardiac mortality in ICD recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with heart failure in New York Heart Association functional class III were grouped according to QRS duration (< 150 ms, n = 139, group 1; v > or = 150 ms, n = 26, group 2) and followed up for (mean (SD)) 23 (20) months.
  
  
  METHODS
  165 patients were studied (80% men, 20% women); 73% had coronary artery disease and 18% had dilated cardiomyopathy. Their mean age was 62 (10) years and mean ejection fraction (EF) was 33 (14)%. They presented either with ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall and cardiac mortality; recurrence rates of VT, fast VT, or VF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean left ventricular EF did not differ between group 1 (33 (13)%) and group 2 (31 (15)%). Forty patients died (34 cardiac deaths). There was no difference in survival between patients with EF > 35% and < or = 35%. Cardiac mortality was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (31.3% at 12 months and 46.6% at 24 months, v 9.5% at 12 months and 18.2% at 24 months, respectively; p = 0.04). The recurrence rate of VT was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within subgroups at highest risk of cardiac death, QRS duration-a simple non-invasive index-predicts outcome in ICD recipients in the presence of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology and Institute for Research in Arteriosclerosis, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bode-Schnurbus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Böcker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gradaus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinecke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breithardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borggrefe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*