title: Patient attitudes regarding causes of depression: implications for psychoeducation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient attitudes toward mental illness are an important determinant of treatment compliance and treatment outcome. A patient's age, sex, style of thinking, lifestyle, and beliefs all may influence perceptions. This study aimed to determine patient attitudes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a depressive disorder (n = 102) who were referred for psychiatric consultation and treatment to a community general hospitial psychiatric outpatient clinic completed a 9-item self-report questionnaire to determine their perceptions of the biological, psychological, cognitive, and spiritual causes of their depressive disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were more likely to endorse their depressive disorder as related to a biological abnormality. With respect to age, older individuals were less likely to identify cognitive factors and loss of spirituality as causal factors in their depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relation exists between demographic variables, including sex and age, and beliefs about causes of depression and related disorders. These findings have implications for refining patient psychoeducation.
authors.affiliation: Depression Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario. janaki_srinivasan@camh.net
authors.forename: Janaki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Sagar V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Parikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015984:Causality; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012737:Sex Factors