title: Occurrence of coliphages in urban stormwater and their fate in stormwater management systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the occurrence of coliphages in, and their removal from, urban stormwater.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflow and outflow concentrations of somatic and f-specific RNA coliphages to two stormwater treatment systems were determined on 21 occasions over a period of 5 months. Somatic coliphages were detected in 19 (90%) of the constructed wetland inlet samples, 13 (62%) of the pond inlet samples, and less frequently at the outlets of the two systems. F-specific RNA coliphages were detected at the inlets but only occasionally at the pond outlet. Somatic coliphages were found to attach preferentially to particles <5 microm in size and persisted in the sediments of the two systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment systems providing conditions that are conducive to the settlement of fine particles may effectively remove sediment-bound coliphages and, therefore, possibly enteric viruses from stormwater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results will aid the design of systems for effective removal of viral contaminants from urban stormwater.
authors.affiliation: Water Research Laboratory, Centre for Water and Environmental Technology, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW, Australia. c.davies@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bavor
mesh_terms: D003090:Coliphages / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D011891:Rain; D014505:Urban Population; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*