title: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by marine and freshwater planctomycete-like bacteria.
abstract: Recently, two fresh water species, " Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans" and " Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis", and one marine species, " Candidatus Scalindua sorokinii", of planctomycete anammox bacteria have been identified. " Candidatus Scalindua sorokinii" was discovered in the Black Sea, and contributed substantially to the loss of fixed nitrogen. All three species contain a unique organelle--the anammoxosome--in their cytoplasm. The anammoxosome contains the hydrazine/hydroxylamine oxidoreductase enzyme, and is thus the site of anammox catabolism. The anammoxosome is surrounded by a very dense membrane composed almost exclusively of linearly concatenated cyclobutane-containing lipids. These so-called 'ladderanes' are connected to the glycerol moiety via both ester and ether bonds. In natural and man-made ecosystems, anammox bacteria can cooperate with aerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria, which protect them from harmful oxygen, and provide the necessary nitrite. The cooperation of these two groups of ammonium-oxidising bacteria is the microbial basis for a sustainable one reactor system, CANON (completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite) to remove ammonia from high strength wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, KU Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, NL 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. M.Jetten@sci.kun.nl
authors.forename: M S M
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jetten
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sliekers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalsgaard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Niftrik
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cirpus
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van de Pas-Schoonen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lavik
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thamdrup
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Paslier
authors.forename: H J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Op den Camp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hulth
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Abma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Third
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kuenen
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sinninghe Damsté
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Revsbech
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weissenbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strous
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds