title: Factor XII deficiency is strongly associated with primary recurrent abortions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate factor XII deficiency in women with primary and secondary recurrent abortion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven women with primary and 33 women with secondary recurrent abortion of unexplained nature and 49 healthy controls with no history of thrombotic disease or adverse pregnancy outcomes. MAIL OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Plasma factor XII activity, activated protein C resistance, factor V Leiden mutation analysis, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, karyotyping, and anticardiolipin antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of 67 women with primary recurrent abortion (14.9%) and 4 of 33 women (12.1%) with secondary recurrent abortion had reduced factor XII activity (<60%). These results are highly significant in the former group and showed a tendency toward significance in the latter group. All controls had normal factor XII activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factor XII deficiency is strongly associated with primary recurrent abortion, and women with secondary recurrent abortion show a tendency toward factor XII deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. hpauer@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Pauer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burfeind
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Köstering
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emons
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hinney
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000150:complications*; D020016:Activated Protein C Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics; D005175:Factor XII Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V