title: Vestibular disease and cognitive dysfunction: no evidence for a causal connection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the contribution of vestibular pathology to cognitive and affective complaints of patients with and without brain trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  An outpatient balance disorders clinic within a tertiary care neuroscience institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 patients with dizziness--half with a recent history of brain trauma and half without.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory were prospectively administered. Neurological examination and vestibular testing were performed to arrive at a diagnosis for the dizziness. Multiple regression analyses were carried out using vestibular diagnosis, psychiatric diagnosis, and trauma history as predictors of the inventory scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceived disability was higher in dizzy patients with a history of brain trauma compared with dizzy patients without a history of trauma. A diagnosis of vestibular disease had no influence on perceived disability. Similarly, cognitive complaints were more common in dizzy patients with a history of brain trauma compared to dizzy patients without a history of trauma, but a diagnosis of vestibular disease had no influence on the frequency of cognitive complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with postconcussive dizziness, cognitive complaints are likely due to neurologic injury or affective disturbance. In dizzy patients without brain trauma, cognitive complaints are likely due to concurrent affective disturbance.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, Seton Hall University, Edison, NJ 08818-3059, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gizzi
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zlotnick
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cicerone
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D015984:Causality; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000150:complications*