title: Neurobehavioral outcome in persons with violent or nonviolent traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To broaden the investigation of those injured violently by examining neuropsychological and psychosocial outcomes in relation to circumstances of traumatic brain injury and preinjury factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 752 adults with traumatic brain injury was grouped into those injured by violent or nonviolent circumstances and followed to 1-year post injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circumstance groups were compared on demographics, preexisting conditions, brain injury severity, and neuropsychological and psychosocial outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate significant differences between the groups on demographics, preexisting conditions, and head injury severity. Neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome did not differ between the circumstance groups when all other factors were taken into account.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injury severity and characteristics of the person that predate the injury were important to outcome rather than the circumstances of the injury itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Joan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Machamer
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Temkin
authors.forename: Sureyya S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dikmen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014754:Violence