title: DNA ploidy as a prognostic factor in rhabdomyosarcoma. Analysis of 35 cases with image cytometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate DNA ploidy in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with other prognostic factors and patient survival and to search for possible reasons for inconsistent conclusions in similar, published studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA content was measured in archival specimens obtained from 35 patients (23 children and 12 adults) with RMS. Cell suspensions were prepared by the modified Hedley technique, stained by the modified Feulgen-thionin method and analyzed by automated high-resolution image cytometry. DNA ploidy was assessed on the basis of DNA index values. We used the chi 2 test to correlate DNA ploidy with other prognostic factors, Kaplan-Meier procedure to estimate overall survival in terms of individual prognostic factors, log-rank test to calculate differences in survival between groups and Cox multivariate regression analysis to determine the independence of variables in relation to survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant correlation was found only between DNA ploidy and histologic subtype of RMS, patient sex and patient age. A hyperdiploid DNA pattern predominated among patients with embryonal RMS, and a tetraploid pattern dominated among patients with alveolar RMS. The highest 5-year survival rate was seen among patients with hyperdiploid RMS, followed by those with diploid, tetraploid and hypertetraploid RMS. Although DNA ploidy was a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis, it did not retain its independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis, in which patient age, tumor size and histologic subtype were the only significant factors. We found 12 articles reporting on the association between DNA ploidy and survival of patients with RMS: 6 found a correlation, and 6 did not. The main reasons for the discrepancies seem to be the inclusion of chemotherapy-treated and nontreated patients, low number of patients and differences in grouping DNA histograms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The precise prognostic value of DNA ploidy in RMS remains equivocal. Larger, cooperative studies could give statistically more reliable results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. zpohar@onko-i.si
authors.forename: Ziva
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pohar-Marinsek
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bracko
authors.forename: Jaka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavrencak
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Us-Krasovec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm