title: Developmental defects and p53 hyperacetylation in Sir2 homolog (SIRT1)-deficient mice.
abstract: SIRT1 is a mammalian homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromatin silencing factor Sir2. Dominant-negative and overexpression studies have implicated a role for SIRT1 in deacetylating the p53 tumor suppressor protein to dampen apoptotic and cellular senescence pathways. To elucidate SIRT1 function in normal cells, we used gene-targeted mutation to generate mice that express either a mutant SIRT1 protein that lacks part of the catalytic domain or has no detectable SIRT1 protein at all. Both types of SIRT1 mutant mice and cells had essentially the same phenotypes. SIRT1 mutant mice were small, and exhibited notable developmental defects of the retina and heart, and only infrequently survived postnatally. Moreover, SIRT1-deficient cells exhibited p53 hyperacetylation after DNA damage and increased ionizing radiation-induced thymocyte apoptosis. In SIRT1-deficient embryonic fibroblasts, however, p53 hyperacetylation after DNA damage was not accompanied by increased p21 protein induction or DNA damage sensitivity. Together, our observations provide direct evidence that endogenous SIRT1 protein regulates p53 acetylation and p53-dependent apoptosis, and show that the function of this enzyme is required for specific developmental processes.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital, Center for Blood Research, and Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Hwei-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mostoslavsky
authors.forename: Shin'ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Manis
authors.forename: Yansong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Parin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bronson
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Appella
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: Katrin F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D004249:DNA Damage; D007259:Infrared Rays; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D056565:Sirtuin 2; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C418743:Sirt2 protein, mouse; D056565:Sirtuin 2; D037761:Sirtuins