title: Hypermethylation of p16INK4a in Chinese lung cancer patients: biological and clinical implications.
abstract: Promoter hypermethylation of the p16INK4a gene was investigated in 111 cases of tumor tissue, as well as in 136 circulating plasma and 95 sputum samples from Chinese patients with primary lung cancer, using a modified protocol of semi-nested methylation-specific-PCR (MSP). The results showed hypermethylated p16 sequence in 80.2% of tumor tissues and frequencies of 75.7 and 74.7% in plasma and sputum specimens, respectively. Among the patients, 50 cases of matched plasma, sputum and tumor tissue from the same individual were analyzed. Of these, hypermethylation of the p16 promoter was detected in 84.0% of the tumor tissues, with frequencies of 72.0 and 76.0% in the corresponding plasma and sputum, respectively. Notably, only patients whose tumor tissue showed hypermethylation of p16 exhibited the same aberrant methylation in their sputum and/or plasma. Hypermethylation of p16 in sputum and plasma samples may provide a more sensitive approach to molecular diagnosis of lung cancer than relying on conventional cytological analysis. Our data show that a combination of cytological analysis of sputum and examination of p16 hypermethylation in sputum and plasma identified 92.0% (46/50) of the lung cancer patients studied, offering an effective means of early detection of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dechao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yanning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D019175:DNA Methylation; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013183:Sputum / Q000378:metabolism