title: Nipple reconstruction in Asian females using banked cartilage graft and modified top hat flap.
abstract: Nipple reconstruction is usually the final stage of breast reconstruction and there are over 50 articles that describe different techniques. The majority of methods use local soft tissue as local flaps but they face the disadvantage of reduction in nipple projection after the initial two months. This is particularly troublesome in Asian females who may have wider nipples with prominent projection but small areola surface area. We developed a method to correct this problem using cartilage graft harvested during the initial breast reconstruction operation and banked beneath the skin flap. Using the modified 'top hat' flap, we found that no excess soft tissue is required to compensate for the reduction. We have used this method in 25 cases of nipple reconstruction and have obtained satisfactory result in projection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Chung Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ho-Asjoe
authors.forename: Fu-Chen
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: David C C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D002356:Cartilage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D012272:Ribs; D019738:Surgically-Created Structures