title: Improvement of acetate production from lactose by growing Clostridium thermolacticum in mixed batch culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to increase the acetate production by Clostridium thermolacticum growing on lactose, available as a renewable resource in the milk and whey permeate from the cheese industry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiments for increased acetate productivity by thermophilic anaerobes grown on lactose were carried out in batch cultures. Lactose at concentration of 30 mmol l(-1) (10 g l(-1)) was completely degraded by Cl. thermolacticum and growth rate was maximal. High concentrations of by-products, ethanol, lactate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide were generated. By using an efficient hydrogenotroph, Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus, in a defined thermophilic anaerobic consortium (58 degrees C) with Cl. thermolacticum and the acetogenic Moorella thermoautotrophica, the hydrogen partial pressure was dramatically lowered. As a consequence, by-products concentrations were significantly reduced and acetate production was increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through efficient in situ hydrogen scavenging in the consortium, the metabolic pattern was modified in favour of acetate production, at the expense of reduced by-products like ethanol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of this thermophilic anaerobic consortium opens new opportunities for the efficient valorization of lactose, the main waste from the cheese industry, and production of calcium-magnesium acetate, an environmentally friendly road de-icer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology (LBE), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. christophe.collet@epfl.ch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schwitzguébel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Péringer
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology; D003013:Clostridium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D017013:Methanobacteriaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D010313:Partial Pressure
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003470:Culture Media; D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol; D006859:Hydrogen; D007785:Lactose