title: Effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil as monotherapy in liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcineurin inhibitors (CIs) cause substantial long-term morbidity and mortality among orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) among OLT patients with CI-related side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty three adult patients, including 29 men and 4 women of mean age 57 years, underwent OLT between 1986 and 2000 under treatment with CIs (28 cyclosporine and five tacrolimus). Mean follow-up after OLT was 59 months. Adverse effects were renal dysfunction in 26, hypertension in 23, and neurotoxicity in two. MMF was added gradually while simultaneously reducing the dosage of CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean 15-months follow-up of MMF treatment, CIs had been withdrawn in 28 patients (85%). The mean time from the initiation of MMF and CI withdrawal was 5 months. During the first year of follow-up chronic renal dysfunction improved in 16 of 26 patients (61.6%) accompanied by a decreased serum creatinine and urea and an increase in creatinine clearance. Among 13/23 (56.5%) hypertensive patients, there was a significant decrease in blood pressure or the number of antihypertensive drugs (P<.05). One patient with neurotoxicity improved. Twenty-two patients (66%) displayed adverse events: five rejections (15%) including four acute episodes, controlled by CI re-introduction, and one chronic reaction. The most frequent adverse effects were herpes simplex infection in 10 patients (30%), asthenia in nine (27%), diarrhea in five (15%) and thrombocytopenia in four (12%). Nevertheless, only six patients (19%) required MMF dose reduction, namely, three patients with GI intolerance, two with repeated VHS infections, and one with anemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMF monotherapy improves renal function and blood pressure levels in more than 50% of patients with chronic renal impairment and hypertension after OLT. Many of the side effects of MMF were mild; it was safe accompanied by a low incidence of rejection reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. josemariamoren@mixmail.com
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez-Monclus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herreros
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Revilla
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sánchez Turrión
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cuervas-Mons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus