title: The costs of benzodiazepine-associated hospital-treated fall Injuries in the EU: a Pharmo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the hospitalisation costs of accidental fall injuries in the EU resulting from the use of benzodiazepines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk and exposure data were obtained from the Dutch Pharmo system, a population-based register of drug-dispensing records and hospital records. The population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated using the age-specific prevalence estimates of benzodiazepine use and the corresponding relative risk (RR), obtained from a case-control study in community-dwelling inhabitants over 55 years of age in defined areas of The Netherlands covering the period 1985-2000. Annual hospitalisation costs of benzodiazepine-related fall injuries were based on the age-specific PARs and extrapolated to the European population using accident and demographic data of the EU. All analyses were performed from the perspective of a third-party payer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fall injuries in the study population were significantly associated with benzodiazepine use (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.7), especially in those aged over 85 years (RR 3.6, 95% CI 2.9-4.5). The total annual hospital direct medical costs in 2000 of fall-related injuries attributable to benzodiazepine use were Euro 1.8 billion (95% CI Euro 1.5-2.2 billion) in the EU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The estimated costs of hospitalisations of accidental-fall injuries related to benzodiazepine use in the EU varied between Euro 1.5 and Euro 2.2 billion each year. More than 90% of these costs were in the elderly, with hip fractures as the major contributor. Discontinuing benzodiazepines in the elderly and/or substituting them with other drugs not associated with the risk of falls in the elderly will to a large extent prevent these accidents.
authors.affiliation: Pharmo Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martien J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Panneman
authors.forename: Wim G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Goettsch
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kramarz
authors.forename: Ron M C
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Herings
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005062:European Union; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines