title: Long-term follow-up study of West syndrome: Differences of outcome among symptomatic etiologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of West syndrome and to elucidate the differences in the outcome related to the timing of brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 60 patients who were followed regularly for more than seven years were reviewed. The following clinical features were assessed: onset, seizure evolution, electroencephalography and intelligence. Those variables were compared among five groups: cryptogenic, prenatal, preterm, term, and postnatal groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset ages of the postnatal group were later than those of the others (P<.05). The relapse after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy of the preterm group was the earliest among the groups (P<.05). Regarding encelphalography, the ratio of patients with focal discharges was higher in the postnatal group than in the prenatal group (P<.05). The ratios of patients in whom focal epilepsy developed were higher in the term and postnatal group than in the cryptogenic and prenatal group (P<.05). The term group showed similar characteristics to those of the postnatal group. Seven of the 60 had normal intelligence, including three girls with tuberous sclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diverse outcomes of West syndrome depending on etiology seemed to be related to the timing of brain injury and brain development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 2100 Magome, Iwatsuki, Saitama 339-8551, Japan. a1091170@pref.saitama.jp
authors.forename: Shin-ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017668:Age of Onset; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000151:congenital / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone