title: Growth hormone modulates cholecalciferol metabolism with moderate effects on intestinal mineral absorption and specific effects on bone formation in growing dogs raised on balanced food.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of growth hormone (GH) on Vitamin D3 metabolism and the subsequent effects on calcium (Ca) homeostasis and skeletal growth in growing dogs. A group of Miniature Poodles received supraphysiological doses of GH (GH group; n = 6; 0.5 IU GH per kg body per day) from 12 to 21 weeks of age and was compared with a control placebo-treated group (n = 8). Biologic activity of GH in the GH compared to the control group was indicated by (a) the 2.5- to 3.5-fold increase in the plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), (b) the increased production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as indicated by the significantly increased plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and the 12.9-fold increase in renal 1alpha-hydroxylase gene expression, and (c) the inhibited production of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as indicated by the significantly lower plasma 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and the similar levels of renal 24-hydroxylase gene expression. Despite the distinct effects on Vitamin D(3) metabolism in the GH group, there were only moderate effects on the intestine, i.e. at 20 weeks of age there was a significant increase of 14.4 and 5.6% in fractional absorption of Ca and phosphate (Pi), respectively, compared to the control group. GH administration resulted in significantly elevated glomerular filtration rate, with no differences in Pi urine excretion as a result of a concomitant increase in the tubular reabsorption of Pi. GH had only limited disturbing effects on endochondral ossification as indicated by the maintenance of the regularity of the growth plates. However, GH had specific anabolic effects on bone formation without concomitant effect on bone resorption that may result in disorders of skeletal remodeling and manifestation of enostosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. M.A.Tryfonidou@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tryfonidou
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Holl
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vastenburg
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: van den Brom
authors.forename: H A W
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hazewinkel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000097:blood; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008903:Minerals; D010710:Phosphates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D002117:Calcitriol