title: The impact of cognitive remediation on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between psychopathology and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia is of interest, both for an understanding of the nature of the disease, and for comprehensive treatment planning. The aim of this study was to investigate how psychiatric symptoms affect, and are affected by, cognitive remediation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four psychiatric inpatients received either cognitive remediation exercises (remediation group) or no cognitive intervention (control group). The subjects' scores on tests of cognition and on the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) were measured before, after the 10 session treatment, and again 4 weeks post treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the remediation group showed significant and persistent improvement on all three PANSS Subscales as well as on the Positive Symptoms and Depression Factors. There were no significant between-group differences on any PANSS pre/posttreatment change scores. Baseline measures of psychopathology did not correlate meaningfully with amount of change made on cognitive measures after rehabilitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A brief 10-session course of cognitive remediation is sufficient to benefit cognition and has some positive effects on psychopathology as measured by the PANSS, but does not add significantly to the effects of standard psychiatric treatment on psychopathology. Furthermore, psychiatric symptom profile is not predictive of the degree to which cognitive symptoms respond to cognitive remediation. The differential impact of cognitive remediation on cognition and psychopathology may imply that psychopathology and cognitive functioning follow fairly independent treatment courses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bark
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Revheim
authors.forename: Firdouse
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.forename: Vitaliy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khalderov
authors.forename: Zina Watras
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medalia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011340:Problem Solving; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012073:Remedial Teaching; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome