title: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Brazilian population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population-based Brazilian cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study was conducted with 1091 individuals identified through multi-stage probability sampling in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Risk factors were investigated among demographic and anthropometric characteristics, including education, smoking habits, income, alcoholic beverage consumption, and blood pressure. A fatal or non-fatal episode of myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure, and cases of sudden death comprised the composite endpoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vital status was determined in 982 (90.0%) of the participants of the original cohort after 6.0+/-1.7 years of follow-up. A total of 52 individuals presented a cardiovascular event. Male gender (hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95% CI 1.03-3.91), systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04) and alcohol consumption (g/day) (HR 1.001, 95% CI 1.00-1.003) were associated with the incidence of CVD after controlling for confounding. Body mass index (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99-1.11) and current or previous smoking (HR 1.65, 95% CI 0.83-3.26) showed a trend for a positive association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed that male gender, systolic blood pressure, obesity and smoking are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Brazilian population. The positive association between alcohol consumption and incident CVD was unexpected and deserves replication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital de Cli;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan Stoll
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Flávio Danni
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Leila Beltrami
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiehe
authors.forename: Gerson Martins
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Sandra Costa
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects