title: Quality of intraoperative autologous blood withdrawal used for retransfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative autologous blood withdrawal protects the pooled blood from the deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. Following reinfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass, the fresh autologous blood contributes to less coagulation abnormalities and reduces postoperative bleeding and the need for allogeneic blood products. However, few data have been available concerning the quality and potential activation of fresh blood stored at room temperature in the operating room.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty coronary artery bypass grafting patients undergoing a consistent intraoperative and postoperative autotransfusion protocol had a median of 1,000 mL of autologous blood withdrawn before cardiopulmonary bypass. After heparinization the blood was drained from the venous catheter via venous cannula into standard blood bags and stored in the operating room until termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. Samples for hemostatic and inflammatory markers were taken from the pooled blood immediately before it was returned to the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was some activation of platelets in the stored autologous blood, as measured by an increase of beta-thromboglobulin. Indications of thrombin formation, as assessed by plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex and prothrombin fragment 1.2 were not seen, and there was no fibrinolytic activity. The red blood cells remained intact, indicated by the absence of plasma free hemoglobin. As for the inflammatory response, the levels of the terminal complement complex remained stable, and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 levels were not increased during storage. The complement activation products increased minimally, but remained within normal ranges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for slight activation of platelets, there was no indication of coagulation, hemolysis, fibrinolysis, or immunologic activity in the autologous blood after approximately 1 hour of operating room storage. The autologous blood was preserved in a condition of high quality, and retransfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass represents an uncomplicated and almost costless procedure for blood conservation.
authors.affiliation: Oslo Heart Center, Research Institute for Internal Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. hannef@klinmedf.uio.no
authors.forename: Hanne I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Flom-Halvorsen
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Øvrum
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Øystese
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brosstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care