title: Diagnostic modalities for the detection of Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: Numerous techniques are available to detect Helicobacter pylori. The first were invasive methods based on biopsy specimens. While these methods still constitute the reference, noninvasive tests are in continuous development. After laboratory-based serology and (13)C-urea breath tests, an antigen stool test is now available, as well as tests to detect antibodies in saliva, urine and whole blood tests which can be used in the physician's office. Most of the tests are adapted to a particular situation. However, more evaluation is needed, especially in pediatric and geriatric populations.
authors.affiliation: French National Reference Center for Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mégraud