title: Embryonic stem cells generated by nuclear transfer of human somatic nuclei into rabbit oocytes.
abstract: To solve the problem of immune incompatibility, nuclear transplantation has been envisaged as a means to produce cells or tissues for human autologous transplantation. Here we have derived embryonic stem cells by the transfer of human somatic nuclei into rabbit oocytes. The number of blastocysts that developed from the fused nuclear transfer was comparable among nuclear donors at ages of 5, 42, 52 and 60 years, and nuclear transfer (NT) embryonic stem cells (ntES cells) were subsequently derived from each of the four age groups. These results suggest that human somatic nuclei can form ntES cells independent of the age of the donor. The derived ntES cells are human based on karyotype, isogenicity, in situ hybridization, PCR and immunocytochemistry with probes that distinguish between the various species. The ntES cells maintain the capability of sustained growth in an undifferentiated state, and form embryoid bodies, which, on further induction, give rise to cell types such as neuron and muscle, as well as mixed cell populations that express markers representative of all three germ layers. Thus, ntES cells derived from human somatic cells by NT to rabbit eggs retain phenotypes similar to those of conventional human ES cells, including the ability to undergo multilineage cellular differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental Biology, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhi Xu
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ailian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Jian Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zheng Fu
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Ying Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Qing Zhang
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Da Yuan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min Kang
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shao Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiang Yin
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Yao Zhou
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhi Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jia Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Zhi Gao
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Zhi Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Wen Xiang
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Hui Zhen
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial