title: Craniofacial surgery for malignant skull base tumors: report of an international collaborative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant tumors of the skull base are rare. Therefore, no single center treats enough patients to accumulate significant numbers for meaningful analysis of outcomes after craniofacial surgery (CFS). The current report was based on a large cohort that was analyzed retrospectively by an International Collaborative Study Group.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand three hundred seven patients who underwent CFS in 17 institutions were analyzable for outcome. The median age was 54 years (range, 1-98 years). Definitive treatment prior to CFS had been administered in 59% of patients and included radiotherapy in 367 patients (28%), chemotherapy in 151 patients (12%), and surgery in 523 patients (40%). The majority of tumors (87%) involved the anterior cranial fossa. Squamous cell carcinoma (29%) and adenocarcinoma (16%) were the most common histologic types. The margins of surgical resection were reported close/positive in 412 patients (32%). Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy was received by 510 patients (39%), and chemotherapy was received by 57 patients (4%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative complications were reported in 433 patients (33%), with local wound complications the most common (18%). The postoperative mortality rate was 4%. With a median follow-up of 25 months, the 5-year overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival rates were 54%, 60%, and 53%, respectively. The histology of the primary tumor, its intracranial extent, and the status of surgical margins were independent predictors of overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFS is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with malignant tumors of the skull base. The histology of the primary tumor, its intracranial extent, and the status of surgical margins are independent determinants of outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Snehal G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Bhuvanesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polluri
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bridger
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cantu
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cheesman
authors.forename: Geraldo M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: deSa
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donald
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fliss
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gullane
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janecka
authors.forename: Shin-Etsu
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Luiz P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Dennis H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Luiz R M
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Snyderman
authors.forename: William I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jatin P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy