title: Severe perinatal hypophosphatasia due to homozygous deletion of T at nucleotide 1559 in the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization and deficiency of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. This disorder is caused by various mutations in the TNSALP gene. We report here hypophosphatasia in two siblings, both of them severely affected by the perinatal (lethal) type.
  
  
  METHODS
  We diagnosed the first infant by clinical and radiologic manifestations, and laboratory findings. Laboratory findings were characterized by deficiency of serum alkaline phosphatase. Both parents and the second infant were then analyzed by molecular techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radiograph of the first infant showed severe hypomineralization of the skeleton. Molecular analysis of the second infant showed that this condition was caused by a homozygous single T nucleotide deletion at cDNA number 1559 (1559delT). Both parents were heterozygous carriers for this mutation, although they were not consanguineous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This mutation has been frequently found in Japanese hypophosphatasia patients, but this is the first observation of a homozygous deletion. This report shows that homozygosity for the 1559delT mutation of the TNSALP gene results in a severe lethal phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Reproduction, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan. sawai@hyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mornet
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D007014:Hypophosphatasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011859:Radiography; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase