title: Campylobacter-stimulated INT407 cells produce dissociated cytokine profiles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the action of factors produced by living Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) against those present within sonicated and filtrated bacteria on induction of potential cytokines by the human intestinal cell line INT407.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used immunohistochemical technique modified to detect intracellular production of cytokines protein and RT-PCR to read RNA messages for evaluation of de novo cytokine synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data herein display dissociation of cytokine profiles induced on by living C. jejuni. Exposure of INT407 cells to 10(6) live bacteria showed the highest numbers of cytokine producing cells of all examined cytokines. IFN-gamma was the highest induced cytokine followed by IL-10, TNF-alpha and lastly IL-4. Also, abrogation of induction of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but not the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 by sonicated and filtrated bacteria was depicted. At the mRNA level, TNF-alpha signals were noted in accordance with its protein levels since increased TNF-alpha mRNA signals were registered only after stimulation with living bacteria. Very low or no induction of TNF-alpha was registered with non-stimulated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results illustrate for the first time a role for factors from living bacteria in directing the immune response towards Th1 type. Characterization of such factors may be essential for future immunotherapeutic interventions during severe bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain, P. O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain.
authors.forename: Fajer Subah
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Al-Salloom
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Mahmeed
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismaeel
authors.forename: Giuseppe A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Botta
authors.forename: Moiz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhiet
mesh_terms: D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma