title: Expression profiling identifies dysregulation of myosin heavy chains IIb and IIx during limb immobilization in the soleus muscles of old rats.
abstract: Aged individuals suffer from multiple dysfunctions during skeletal muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to determine differential changes in gene expression in atrophied soleus muscle induced by hindlimb immobilization in young (3-4 months) and old (30-31 months) rats. The hypothesis was that differentially expressed mRNAs with age-atrophy interactions would reveal candidates that induce loss of function responses in aged animals. Each muscle was applied to an independent set of Affymetrix micoarrays, with 385 differentially expressed mRNAs with atrophy and 354 age-atrophy interactions detected by two-factor ANOVA (alpha of 0.05 with a Bonferroni adjustment). Functional trends were observed for 23 and 15 probe sets involved in electron transport and the extracellular matrix, respectively, decreasing more in the young than in the old. Other functional categories with atrophy in both ages included chaperones, glutathione-S-transferases, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reductions in Z-line-associated proteins and increases in probe sets for protein degradation. Surprisingly, myosin heavy chain IIb and IIx mRNAs were suppressed in the atrophied soleus muscle of old rats as opposed to the large increases in the young animals (16- and 25-fold, respectively, with microarrays, and 61- and 68-fold, respectively, with real-time PCR). No significant changes were observed in myosin heavy chain IIb and IIx mRNA with micoarrays in the atrophied soleus muscles of old rats, but they were found to increase six- and fivefold, respectively, with real-time PCR. Therefore, deficiencies in pre-translational signals that normally upregulate myosin heavy chain IIb and IIx mRNAs during atrophy may exist in the soleus muscle of old animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.forename: Lillian C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Folk
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Espen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Spangenburg
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Booth
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000502:physiology*; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D024462:Myosin Type II; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains