title: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using an anatomically contoured three-dimensional mesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair frequently is performed with mechanical fixation of a flat polypropylene mesh. Mechanical fixation is associated with pain syndromes, and mesh migration may occur without fixation of flat prostheses. An anatomically contoured mesh (3D Max; Davol, Cranston, RI, USA) using no or minimal fixation would avoid these problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case study reviewed 212 transabdominal preperitoneal herniaplasties with 11 x 16-cm 3D Max mesh in 146 patients. Fixation with three helical tacks at the most was used early or with very large defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fixation was used in 19% of the cases, but only for 1 of the last 98 patients. As reported, 94% of the patients returned to normal activities by 3 weeks, 97% returned to unrestricted sports by 6 weeks, and 92% complete recovery from surgery by 9 weeks. Fixation or bilateral repair did not alter recovery. Four patients had minor pain or numbness. Symptomatic recurrence was 0%. One asymptomatic indirect recurrence was noted on examination, during a mean follow-up period of 23 months, yielding a 0.55% hernia rate and a 0.42% patient-year recurrence risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An anatomically contoured mesh for transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair often requires no fixation, with minimal risk of neuropathy and less than a 0.5% patient-year recurrence rate. Recovery is excellent even with bilateral repair or some fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, 499 East Hampden Suite 450, Englewood, CO 80110, USA. rbell@surgone.com
authors.forename: R C W
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D016896:Treatment Outcome