title: Tobacco use is associated with reduced central serotonergic neurotransmission in type 1 alcohol-dependent individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced central serotonergic neurotransmission in alcohol dependence may be attributed to the effects of cigarette smoking (and possibly more specifically to nicotine) rather than to alcoholism or its subtypes. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare central serotonergic neurotransmission in tobacco-using (cigarette smokers and users of smokeless tobacco, i.e., snuffers) alcohol-dependent individuals to that of tobacco-nonusing alcohol-dependent individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The central serotonergic neurotransmission was assessed by the prolactin (PRL) response to the serotonin-releasing agent D-fenfluramine (30 mg orally). Male subjects (n = 37) aged 20-65 years were recruited for this purpose. They were all type 1 alcohol-dependent individuals and had ended their alcohol intake the day before the D-fenfluramine challenge test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in baseline PRL concentrations between tobacco-using (n = 18) and tobacco-nonusing (n = 19) alcohol-dependent individuals. On the other hand, the maximum PRL response after D-fenfluramine was significantly lower in the tobacco-using group as compared to the tobacco-nonusing individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whether the reduction in central serotonergic neurotransmission in tobacco-using alcohol-dependent individuals is pre-existing or a result of tobacco use remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fahlke
authors.forename: Matts
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balldin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005277:Fenfluramine; D011388:Prolactin; D012701:Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors