Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings.
This series of papers provides a description of the toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette (EHC). With this novel cigarette design the tobacco is heated by a series of electric heating elements, which allows for greater control of the available heat and results in lower temperatures and less combustion compared with conventional lit-end cigarettes. This design was subjected to testing, including an evaluation of smoke chemistry, in vitro bacterial genotoxicity, in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity and a 90-day smoke inhalation study in rats. A conventional lit-end cigarette, the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 1R4F, was used as a point of comparison in these experiments. When adjusted for the yield of total particulate matter, the EHC delivered 50% lower amounts of about two-thirds of the 69 smoke constituents measured. Mutagenic activity (Salmonella reverse mutation assay) of the particulate phase material in the presence of metabolic activation was ca. 90% lower, with a slight reduction of activity in the absence of metabolic activation. Cytotoxic activity (neutral red assay) of the particulate phase material was ca. 40% lower, with about equal activity of the gas/vapor-phase material. Equal activity was noted between cigarette types in a whole smoke rat inhalation assay. The results from this series of tests demonstrate that the EHC produces a much different smoke--with an at least partially reduced yield of smoke constituents and biological activity--from that of a standard reference cigarette.
Patskan
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Philip Morris USA, RD&E, Research Center, 4201 Commerce Road, Richmond, VA 23234, USA. George.J.Patskan@pmusa.com
Reininghaus
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W
D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004560:Electricity; D006361:Heating; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
D012906:Smoke