title: Lymphoscintigraphic evaluation of chronic lower limb oedema.
abstract: Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), venography, lymphoscinti-graphy (LS) and contrast lymphography are frequently utilized in the evaluation of lower limb oedema but no clinical data from the Caribbean have been published on the role of LS despite its well-recognized clinical application. The successful clinical application of CT, colour doppler sonography and MRI in differentiating the various causes of lower limb oedema is well understood. Lymphoscintigraphy has found less acceptability especially in the Caribbean where nuclear imaging techniques are only now currently being developed. This paper describes the initial experience with this technique in 15 patients over a five-year period and discusses its value when lower limb lymphoedema is suspected. Scintigrams were analyzed for visualization of lymph vessels and lymph nodes, dilatation of lymphatic vessels, collaterals and dermal back flow. Lymphoscintigrams were classified as normal (n = 5) or consistent with lymphoedema (n = 10). Failure to visualize lymphatic vessels occurred in two cases of suspected primary lymphoedema. In the remaining eight cases of secondary lymphoedema, a positive study based on altered lymphatic flow and anatomy was recorded. An alternative explanation was offered in three out of five cases in which a normal lymphoscintigram was obtained.
authors.affiliation: Units of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. swisscon@tstt.net.tt
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rampaul
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Archibald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naipaul
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loutan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017691:Caribbean Region; D017046:Cost Savings; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid