title: Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of environmental organic compounds in soils using a modified supercritical fluid extractor.
abstract: Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) has been applied to the quantitative extraction of a selected list of semi-volatiles, which include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons. Two conventional supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) systems, the Suprex Prep Master and SFE/50 systems have been modified to function as ASE systems. Using solvent instead of supercritical fluid, extraction in an enclosed system proceeded under high pressure and temperature. Parameters such as extraction temperature and effect of modifiers were investigated. Although limited by a 150 degrees C maximum oven temperature, effective extraction could be carried out in less than 25 min for all the compounds studied. The technique was applied to a variety of real matrices contaminated with hydrocarbons, PAHs and phenols. Validations of the technique were performed using standard reference materials. Recoveries for these matrices were good (>75%) and precision (R.S.D.) was generally less than 10%. Primarily a rapid field extraction technique, comparison with other rapid extraction such as sonication and microwave assisted extraction (MAP) were made. Recoveries were found to be comparable to MAP and superior to sonication. On the present ASE system, only sequential extraction can be carried out but given the rapid nature of the process, about 15 samples can be carried out in a working day.
authors.affiliation: Emergencies Science Division, Environment Canada, Environmental Technology Centre, River Road, Ottawa, Ont, Canada K1A OH3. li.ken@etc.ec.gc.ca
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landriault
authors.forename: Merv
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fingas
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llompart
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010578:Petroleum; D010636:Phenols; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls