Co-stimulatory members of the TNFR family: keys to effective T-cell immunity?
Interactions between co-stimulatory ligands and their receptors are crucial for the activation of T cells, the prevention of tolerance and the development of T-cell immunity. It is now evident that members of the immunoglobulin-like CD28-B7 co-stimulatory family cannot fully account for an effective long-lasting T-cell response or the generation of memory T cells. Several members of the tumour-necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily--OX40, 4-1BB, CD27, CD30 and HVEM (herpes-virus entry mediator)--are poised to deliver co-stimulatory signals both early and late after encounter with antigen. The roles of these molecules in initiating and sustaining the T-cell response and in promoting long-lived immunity are discussed.
Croft
Michael
M
Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA. mick@liai.org
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology*; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / Q000276:immunology; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen; C406562:OX40Ig; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C506028:TNFRSF14 protein, human; C505714:TNFRSF9 protein, human; C506029:Tnfrsf14 protein, mouse; C505715:Tnfrsf9 protein, mouse; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9