title: Raynaud's phenomenon and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: is there an association?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of IgG and IgM antibodies directed against different negatively charged phospholipids (that is, anticardiolipin (aCL), antiphosphatidylinositol, antiphosphatidylserine, and antiphosphatidic acid) and anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I (abeta(2)GPI), with Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety three patients with SLE (81 female), 40 with and 53 without Raynaud's phenomenon, were included in the study. IgG and IgM antiphospholipid antibodies and abeta(2)GPI were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients (54%) were positive for IgG and/or IgM antibodies to one or more phospholipid antigens or to beta(2)GPI. The prevalence of all autoantibodies evaluated, either IgG or IgM, was higher in patients without than in those with Raynaud's phenomenon. A negative association was found between IgG aCL and Raynaud's phenomenon (p=0.038), whereas autoantibodies other than aCL were not significantly associated with Raynaud's phenomenon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate no positive association between antiphospholipid antibodies and Raynaud's phenomenon in SLE and indicate that measurement of anti-negatively charged phospholipid antibodies other than aCL is not useful as a serological marker predictive for Raynaud's phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caccavo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Del Porto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garzia
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mitterhofer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galluzzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rigon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vadacca
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Navajas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amoroso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afeltra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis*; D000939:Epitopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D000939:Epitopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M