title: Sensations from initial exposure to nicotine predicting adolescent smoking in China: a potential measure of vulnerability to nicotine.
abstract: Sensations derived from initial exposure to nicotine are a potential indicator of an individual's vulnerability to nicotine. This study assessed whether sensations experienced during the first lifetime exposure to nicotine could predict current and established cigarette smoking. Data from 210 respondents who reported having ever tried cigarette smoking in Wuhan, China, were obtained for this study from 610 students in 10th grade at two schools. Subjects were participants in a multipurpose pilot survey for an adolescent smoking prevention trial. The survey was administered in a classroom setting using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Sensations reported were cigarette smell (59.2%), coughing (54.1%), dizziness (52.1%), nausea (42.5%), relaxation (19.1%), and pleasurable buzz/rush (9.0%). After controlling for confounders, multiple logistic regression analyses identified three sensations significantly associated with smoking: (a) Cigarette smell (OR for days smoked in the past 30 days=2.93, p<.05, OR for number of cigarettes smoked per day=2.69, p<.05, and OR for 100-cigarette smoking=5.40, p<.01), (b) pleasurable buzz/rush (OR for 100-cigarette smoking=11.09, p<.05), and (c) relaxation (OR for past 30-day smoking measures ranged from 3.69 to 4.48, p<.01, and OR for 100-cigarette smoking=4.12, p<.05). A dose-response relationship was observed between the sensations and cigarette smoking. Self-reported sensations from initial exposure to nicotine may be a useful indicator of an individual's vulnerability to nicotine. This information can be used for adolescent smoking prevention and cessation interventions.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra CA, USA. jchen@crcm.med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Xinguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stacy
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spruijt-Metz
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallaher
authors.forename: Chunhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azen
authors.forename: Sohaila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakib
authors.forename: Anderson Johnson C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ph D
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002681:China; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D009538:Nicotine