title: The effects of exercise and exercise-related changes in blood nitric oxide level on migraine headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on migraine headache, to assess exercise-related changes in blood nitric oxide (NO) levels, and to examine the impact of such changes on migraine attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty women with general migraine attending the Neurology Department of the Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Dokuz Eylül University.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assigned alternately into two groups: exercise group undertaking 1 hour aerobic exercise three times weekly, and a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assessed before and after treatment using three clinical scales--visual analogue scale for headache, Pain Disability Index and Quality of Life Scale--and chemiluminescence analysis for plasma nitric oxide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the eight-week therapy period, patient complaints concerning the intensity, frequency and duration of pain had decreased significantly in both groups; however, visual analogue scale scoring showed better pain relief in the exercised group than in the controls (from 8.8 +/- 1.7 to 4.0 +/- 1.4 and from 8.5 +/- 0.8 to 7.0 +/- 0.9 respectively). Quality of life measures also revealed better migraine relief in the exercised women than in those who received medical treatment only. Blood NO rose significantly from pre- to post-therapy in the exercised group, but the change was not significant in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that regular long-term aerobic exercise reduced migraine pain severity, frequency and duration possibly due to increased nitric oxide production.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. selnur62@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S Osün
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Narin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erbas
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Idiman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide