title: Bronchoendoscopic involvement in patients with carcinoma of middle third of esophagus in absence of respiratory symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchoscopic examination has been advocated as an essential part of evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed esophageal malignancy. The present study describes the role of routine preoperative fibreoptic bronchoscopy in staging disease and assessing resectibility in patients with malignancy involving the middle third of esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 125 patients with carcinoma of the middle third of esophagus. None of the patients had clinical or chest radiographic evidence of extension of disease outside the esophagus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormalities were detected in 33 patients (25.6%), the commonest being external compression over the posterior wall of trachea in 17 (13.6%). Other abnormalities noted were left vocal cord paresis in seven (5.6%); compression over one or both major bronchi in seven (5.6%) and over the left lower lobe bronchus in one (0.8%); infiltration of the left main bronchus in two (1.6%); and growth in trachea in four (3.2%), in left main bronchus in two (1.6%) and over cricoarytenoid area in one (0.8%) patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tracheobronchial involvement, even in the absence of clinical or radiological features, is not uncommon in esophageal cancer. Preoperative bronchoscopy is useful to assess the extent of disease and resectibility in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Behera
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jindal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies