title: Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLI. Arthropod parasites of impalas, Aepyceros melampus, in the Kruger National Park.
abstract: Ectoparasites were collected from impalas, Aepyceros melampus, at four localities within the Kruger National Park, namely Skukuza, in the Biyamiti region, Crocodile Bridge and Pafuri. Animals were also examined at Skukuza during a severe drought and at Skukuza and Pafuri towards the end of a second drought. Parasite burdens were analysed in relation to locality, sex, age class, month and drought. The impalas were infested with 13 ixodid ticks species, including two that were identified only to genus level. Except for four animals at Pafuri, all were infested with Amblyomma hebraeum. The highest intensity of infestation with larvae of this tick occurred from April to June and during November and December at Skukuza and in the Biyamiti region. Infestation with nymphs was highest during late winter. All animals were infested with Boophilus decoloratus, and the intensity of infestation was highest during spring. The intensity of infestation with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was highest at Crocodile Bridge and at Pafuri, and that of Rhipicephalus zambeziensis at Skukuza. With both the latter species the intensity of infestation of larvae was highest from April to August, of nymphs from July to September or October and of adults during February and March. Rhipicephalus kochi was present only at Pafuri. The impalas also harboured five louse species and two species of hippoboscid flies. The intensity of infestation with lice tended to be greater during late winter and spring than during other seasons and greater on lambs than on yearlings on which it was greater than on adult animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gallivan
authors.forename: L E O
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Braack
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boomker
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Vos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000469:parasitology*; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000469:parasitology*; D000866:Antelopes / Q000469:parasitology*; D004175:Diptera; D005260:Female; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*