title: Liver transplantation for fulminant and subfulminant hepatic failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the long-term course and outcome after liver transplantation (LTX) for fulminant/subfulminant hepatic failure (FSHF) to determine which factors relate to outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1990 and October 2002, 30 adult patients with FSHF underwent LTX. King's College criteria were used to decide which patients needed LTX. Pretransplantation parameters (age, sex, degree of hepatic encephalopathy, etiology, and time between onset of symptoms and LTX) were examined as risk factors for LTX outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at LTX was 40.4+/-13.9 years and 46.7% were men. The most frequent causes of FSHF were virus B in 23.3%, autoimmune hepatitis in 23.3%, and cryptogenic in 20%. Fifty percent of the patients with a survival longer than 15 days suffered episodes of acute rejection; chronic rejection occurred in 25%. One- and five-year patient and allograft survival rates for FSHF were 56.3% and 54.7%, respectively. Autoimmune hepatitis was the only factor associated with better posttransplantation outcome, although there were no differences in posttransplant course. Patient survival rates increased during the study period. During the first 5 years (1990-1995) the survival rates were 53.3% (1-year and 5-year), whereas they were 60% at 1 and 5 years in the second interval (1996-2002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mortality rate of FSHF is high during the first year post-LTX. LTX for FSHF of autoimmune etiology showed better outcomes with increasing patient survival rates during the study period.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. onumar@inicia.es
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Núñez-Martínez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De la Cruz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Diego
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rincón
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matilla
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bañares
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calleja
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clemente
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors