title: Genetic characterization of a novel metallo-beta-lactamase gene, blaIMP-13, harboured by a novel Tn5051-type transposon disseminating carbapenemase genes in Europe: report from the SENTRY worldwide antimicrobial surveillance programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2001, as part of the SENTRY worldwide antimicrobial surveillance programme, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 86-14571A was isolated at a hospital in Rome from a cancer patient with a bloodstream infection. The isolate was resistant to all antibiotics except amikacin, and displayed an imipenem MIC of 64 mg/L that decreased to 8 mg/L in the presence of EDTA. The resistance determinant was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The resistant determinant was cloned in Escherichia coli using a shotgun cloning approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a novel IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) gene, blaIMP-13. This encoded a protein displaying most identity to IMP variants: 93% and 92.3% identity, respectively, to IMP-8 and IMP-2 (previously identified in Italy). The protein had 19 amino acid changes from IMP-2 and 17 amino acid changes from IMP-8. The blaIMP-13 gene was found as a gene cassette in the first position of a class 1 integron. A 25 bp inverted repeat sequence IRi was identified 174 bp upstream of the class I integrase, which suggests that the integron is found on a Tn402-like transposon, or defective transposon derivative. This element, in turn, is located in the transposition locus (tnp region) of a Tn21 subfamily transposon that showed most identity to Tn5051, a transposon recently identified from a strain of Pseudomonas putida isolated in New York. Interestingly, the insertion point of the Tn402-like transposon and the sequence of the Tn5051-like genes were identical to those of the genetic element harbouring blaVIM-2 recently identified in Poland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resistance determinant of P. aeruginosa 86-14571A is a novel IMP-type MBL carried on a composite transposon responsible for wide geographical dissemination of MBL genes in Europe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK. Mark.Toleman@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Toleman
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biedenbach
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase