title: Efficacy and morbidity of therapeutic renal embolization in the spectrum of urologic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the largest series of renal embolizations performed for a variety of indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on embolizations performed in our institution from 1997 to 2002 encompassing 36 patients who underwent 44 procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embolization was successful on the first attempt in 87% of the patients. A second embolization was performed in four of the five unsuccessful cases, three successfully, increasing the success rate to 95%. The mean postoperative narcotic use was 27.2 mg of morphine equivalent, and 10 mg or less was required by 45% of the patients. In the 14 patients who had not also undergone a surgical procedure, the mean narcotic use was 21 mg, and 64% required 10 mg or less. Only 15% of the patients developed fever, which resolved within 2 days in all cases. Leukocytosis was seen in 47%. Follow-up creatinine and hypertension information was available in 16 and 18 patients, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 269 days, only one patient had a clinically significant rise in the creatinine concentration. After a mean follow-up of 496 days, two patients had new-onset hypertension. There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate, narcotic use, complications, creatinine concentrations, or the likelihood of fever, leukocytosis, or hypertension according to the indication for embolization or the agent used. Use of a microcatheter was associated with less parenchymal loss, and decreased parenchymal loss was associated with a significant reduction of narcotic use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal embolization is a highly effective and well-tolerated procedure in a variety of urologic conditions. The indications and material used did not have a significant effect on the outcome. Reducing parenchymal loss can significantly reduce morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA.
authors.forename: Avi I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Amukele
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcovich
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aldana
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology; D009017:Morbidity; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D003404:Creatinine