title: Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange is acetazolamide sensitive and activated by a muscarinic receptor-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase in salivary acinar cells.
abstract: Large volumes of saliva are generated by transepithelial Cl(-) movement during parasympathetic muscarinic receptor stimulation. To gain further insight into a major Cl(-) uptake mechanism involved in this process, we have characterized the anion exchanger (AE) activity in mouse serous parotid and mucous sublingual salivary gland acinar cells. The AE activity in acinar cells was Na(+) independent, electroneutral, and sensitive to the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS, properties consistent with the AE members of the SLC4A gene family. Localization studies using a specific antibody to the ubiquitously expressed AE2 isoform labeled acini in both parotid and sublingual glands. Western blot analysis detected an approximately 170-kDa protein that was more highly expressed in the plasma membranes of sublingual than in parotid glands. Correspondingly, the DIDS-sensitive Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity was significantly greater in sublingual acinar cells. The carbonic anhydrase antagonist acetazolamide markedly inhibited, whereas muscarinic receptor stimulation enhanced, the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity in acinar cells from both glands. Intracellular Ca(2+) chelation prevented muscarinic receptor-induced upregulation of the AE, whereas raising the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration with the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin mimicked the effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation. In summary, carbonic anhydrase activity was essential for regulating Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange in salivary gland acinar cells. Moreover, muscarinic receptor stimulation enhanced AE activity through a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism. Such forms of regulation may play important roles in modulating fluid and electrolyte secretion by salivary gland acinar cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Ha-Van
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stuart-Tilley
authors.forename: Seth L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Alper
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Melvin
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D017920:Antiporters; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D064606:SLC4A Proteins; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000502:physiology; D013361:Sublingual Gland / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D017920:Antiporters; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D064606:SLC4A Proteins; D012964:Sodium; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D000086:Acetazolamide; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D002118:Calcium