Isosporiasis in Venezuelan adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characterization.
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of isosporiasis and its clinical and laboratory pattern in Venezuelan patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 397). At enrollment, they underwent a thorough clinical history and physical examination, and provided stool specimens for the identification of Isospora belli and other parasites. Isospora belli was identified in 56 subjects (14%) and diarrhea, either acute or chronic, was present in 98% of these cases (P < 0.001). Eosinophilia was strongly associated with isosporiasis (P = 0.01). It was also found that the presence of eosinophilia was more common in I. belli-infected patients without weight loss (P < 0.001). Twenty-six (81.25%) subjects with I. belli infection had CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 (P = 0.03). In addition, the data and its description shows the association to be < 100 cells/mm3. This infection seems to be seasonal because the recovery of oocysts occurred mainly in months with significant rainfall. In fact, isosporiasis should be suspected in HIV-infected patients from tropical countries with diarrhea, weight loss, eosinophilia, and low CD4+ cell counts.
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D007549:Isospora; D021865:Isosporiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D014687:Venezuela / Q000453:epidemiology