title: Type VIII adenylyl cyclase in rat beta cells: coincidence signal detector/generator for glucose and GLP-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The secretory function of pancreatic beta cells is synergistically stimulated by two signalling pathways which mediate the effects of nutrients and hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) or glucagon. These hormones are known to activate adenylyl cyclase in beta cells. We examined the type of adenylyl cyclase that is associated with this synergistic interaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin release, cAMP production, adenylyl cyclase activity, mRNA and protein expression were measured in fluorescence-activated cell sorter-purified rat beta cells and in the rat beta-cell lines RINm5F, INS-1 832/13 and INS-1 832/2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In primary beta cells, glucagon and GLP-1 synergistically potentiate the stimulatory effect of 20 mmol/l glucose on insulin release and cAMP production. Both effects are abrogated in the presence of the L-type Ca(2+)-channel blocker verapamil. The cAMP-producing activity of adenylyl cyclase in membranes from RINm5F cells is synergistically increased by Ca(2+)-calmodulin and recombinant GTP(gamma)S-activated G(s alpha)-protein subunits. This type of regulation is characteristic for type I and type VIII AC isoforms. Consistent with this functional data, AC mRNA analysis shows abundant expression of type VI AC, four splice variants of type VIII AC and low expression level of type I AC in beta cells. Type VIII AC expression at the protein level was observed using immunoblots of RINm5F cell extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies type VIII AC in insulin-secreting cells as one of the potential molecular targets for synergism between GLP-1 receptor mediated and glucose-mediated signalling.
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000494:pharmacology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D002147:Calmodulin; D004338:Drug Combinations; C000593835:Glp1r protein, rat; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D014700:Verapamil; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; C118292:adenylyl cyclase 8; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium