title: Bioaccumulation and locomotor effects of manganese phosphate/sulfate mixture in Sprague-Dawley rats following subchronic (90 days) inhalation exposure.
abstract: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic manganese (Mn) compound added to unleaded gasoline in Canada. The primary combustion products of MMT are Mn phosphate, Mn sulfate, and a Mn phosphate/Mn sulfate mixture. Concerns have been raised that the combustion products of MMT containing Mn could be neurotoxic, even at low levels of exposure. The objective of this study is to investigate exposure-response relationships for bioaccumulation and locomotor effects following subchronic inhalation exposure to a mixture of manganese phosphates/sulfate mixture. A control group and three groups of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in inhalation chambers for a period of 13 weeks, 5 days per week, 6 h a day. Exposure concentrations were 3000, 300, and 30 microg/m(3). At the end of the exposure period, locomotor activity and resting time tests were conducted for 36 h using a computerized autotrack system. Rats were then euthanized by exsanguination and Mn concentrations in different tissues (liver, lung, testis, and kidney) and blood and brain (caudate putamen, globus pallidus, olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, and cerebellum) were determined by neutron activation analysis. Increased manganese concentrations were observed in blood, kidney, lung, testis, and in all brain sections in the highest exposure group. Mn in the lung and in the olfactory bulb were dose dependent. Our data indicate that the olfactory bulb accumulated more Mn than other brain regions following inhalation exposure. Locomotor activity was increased at 3000 microg/m(3), but no difference was observed in resting time among the exposed groups. At the end of the experiment, rats exposed to 300 and 3000 microg/m(3) exhibited significantly decreased body weight in comparison with the control group. Biochemical profiles also revealed some significant differences in certain parameters, specifically alkaline phospatase, urea, and chlorate.
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002704:Chlorates / Q000097:blood; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013431:Sulfates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002704:Chlorates; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D014508:Urea; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C406182:manganese phosphate; C039798:manganese sulfate