title: An economic evaluation of irbesartan in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and nephropathy: cost-effectiveness of Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) in the Belgian and French settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT), treatment with irbesartan demonstrated 23 and 20% reductions in the combined endpoint of doubling of serum creatinine (DSC), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy compared with amlodipine and control, respectively. A simulation model was developed to project long-term cost consequences of the IDNT in Belgium and France.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model simulated progression from nephropathy to DSC, ESRD and death in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. Treatment-specific probabilities were derived from IDNT. Country-specific ESRD-related data were retrieved from published sources. Delay in onset of ESRD, life expectancy and mean lifetime costs were calculated for patients with a baseline age of 59 years. Future costs were discounted at 3% per annum (p.a.), and clinical benefits were discounted at 0 and 3% p.a. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Onset of ESRD was delayed with irbesartan by 1.41 and 1.35 years vs amlodipine and control, respectively. When a 10-year time horizon was considered, delay in ESRD onset led to anticipated improvements in life expectancy of 0.13 years vs amlodipine and 0.26 years vs control. Irbesartan was associated with cost savings of 14 949 and 9205/patient in Belgium, and 20 128 and 13 337 in France, vs amlodipine and control, respectively. The results were robust under a wide range of plausible assumptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treating patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy using irbesartan was both cost- and life-saving compared with amlodipine and control.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001530:Belgium; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D015994:Incidence; D000077405:Irbesartan; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000077405:Irbesartan