title: Effect of cysteamine on redox-sensitive thiol-containing proteins in the duodenal mucosa.
abstract: Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that Egr-1 is upregulated in the rat duodenal mucosa during cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration and that antisense egr-1 oligonucleotide aggravates the duodenal ulcers. This study was aimed to determine the effects of cysteamine on redox-sensitive Egr-1 transcriptional activity and on other thiol-containing proteins such as redox factor-1 (Ref-1) and thioredoxin (Trx). Here we demonstrate for the first time that cysteamine increases the expression and nuclear translocation of Egr-1, Ref-1, and Trx, and activates binding of Egr-1 to DNA. Moreover, we also show that Egr-1 forms a complex with other redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., AP-1, AP-2, NFATc, Sp1, PAX-5, MTF-1, c-Myb, and CREB) in rat duodenal mucosa and that cysteamine enhances the formation of these complexes. The antioxidant ebselen markedly elevated the nuclear Ref-1 expression and Egr-1/DNA binding, and decreased the ulcerogenic effect of cysteamine as did catalase. Thus, redox-sensitive signaling systems seem to play an important role in cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003543:Cysteamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D005260:Female; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486110:Egr1 protein, rat; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013879:Thioredoxins; D003543:Cysteamine; D004247:DNA; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase