title: Failure of benefit and early hazard of bucindolol for Class IV heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risks and benefits of beta-blockade with bucindolol were assessed in heart failure (HF) patients with Class IV symptoms within the Beta-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  beta-blockade is accepted therapy for mild to moderate HF, but its safety and efficacy in advanced HF have not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  BEST recruited 2708 HF patients; of these, 226 with Class IV symptoms (n=114 randomized to bucindolol, n=112 to placebo) formed the basis of this study. All-cause death, HF hospitalization, and drug discontinuations occurring early during therapy (< or =6 months) and overall during follow-up were assessed. Compared with Class III, Class IV patients were older and had higher plasma norepinephrine levels, prevalence of coronary disease, S3 gallops, and lower ejection fractions, but characteristics of the 2 Class IV treatment groups were similar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean of 1.6 years, 49% Class IV patients died, and 54% were hospitalized for HF. Bucindolol increased the combined endpoint of death or HF hospitalization within the first 6 months (hazard ratio [HR]=1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.1-2.7) and did not result in benefit overall (HR=1.2, 95% CI=0.9-1.6). HF hospitalization alone within 6 months was increased by bucindolol (HR=1.7), and an early adverse trend for death was seen (HR=1.6) with no benefit overall (HR=1.1). Bucindolol was discontinued more frequently than placebo for worsening HF (11% versus 4%) and hypotension (3% versus 0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Class IV HF patients in BEST were at high risk. Bucindolol did not reduce death or HF hospitalization and was associated with early hazard.
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002423:Cause of Death; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013995:Time; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D011412:Propanolamines; C024307:bucindolol