title: [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) protects liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  [D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5)] enkephalin (DADLE) is a synthetic delta class of opioid and is reported to induce hibernation as well as hibernation induction trigger (HIT) in the serum of hibernating mammals. DADLE and HIT have been demonstrated to protect the heart, lung, and jejunum against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of DADLE on I-R injury of the liver in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  After administration of DADLE (DADLE group) or normal saline as a vehicle (Control group), partial hepatic ischemia was induced by occluding the vessels supplying 92% of the liver for 45 min, followed by declamping the vessels and resection of the non-ischemic lobe. After 120 min of reperfusion, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), hyaluronic acid (HA) levels, and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissue were measured. Additionally, bile output from the ischemic lobes was measured after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GPT levels were significantly lower in the DADLE group as compared to those of the Control group (P < 0.05), but the serum levels of HA were not different between the two groups. The concentrations of MDA of the liver tissue were significantly lower in the DADLE group than in the Control group (P < 0.01). The bile output after reperfusion was not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DADLE protects against I-R injury in hepatocytes, but not in the sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver in rats. An anti-oxidative effect is suggested to be responsible for this effect.
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000502:physiology; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006605:Hibernation / Q000502:physiology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D000410:Alanine Transaminase