title: [Two occasions of anesthetic management for a patient with Williams syndrome].
abstract: A 5-year-old boy with Williams syndrome received open reduction of fracture of the antebrachium twice. He had been diagnosed as having Williams syndrome with some characteristic symptoms, including elfin face, mental retardation and primary pulmonary hypertension. Williams syndrome has a tetrad of cardiovascular disease, elfin face, mental retardation and hypercalcemia. Operations were performed twice under general anesthesia. Airway management with mask technique was easily performed. Tracheal intubation was accomplished successfully. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium, and maintained with propofol, fentanyl and the inhalation of oxygen with nitrous oxide. Both anesthetic courses were uneventful and he was discharged without any complications. Special anesthetic considerations should be taken for difficulties of intubation, management of circulatory system, malignant hyperthermia, and hypercalcemia in this syndrome.
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005543:Forearm Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012086:Reoperation; D018980:Williams Syndrome