title: Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.
abstract: After more than 20 years of cyclosporine use its nephrotoxicity remains a significant clinical problem. Cyclosporine-induced renal injury has been described in solid organs recipients and in patients treated for autoimmune diseases. It is manifested in 2 distinct and well characterized forms, acute nephrotoxicity and chronic nephrotoxicity. This communication reviews the current literature analyzing the available data about the pathogenesis and mechanisms of acute and chronic cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. A working hypothesis for the possible mechanisms of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity will be provided.
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine