PARTIAL NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT: FIXED-RATIO ESCAPE.
Rats were unable to sustain performance when eight bar-presses turned off shock (-FR 8). In a second experiment, thirsty rats were able to maintain a moderate response rate when performance on -FR 8 was also reinforced with water. Some rats continued to bar-press on -FR 8 after withdrawal of positive reinforcement, but at a much lower rate. A possible explanation of the results is that during intermittent escape conditioning in a free-responding situation the absence of shock itself acquires aversive properties.
D004560:Electricity; D051381:Rats; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012106:Research
ELECTRICITY; EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY; RATS; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY)