EFFECT OF NATURALLY OCCURRING XANTHINES ON BACTERIA. I. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION AND POTENTIATING EFFECT ON ANTIBIOTIC SPECTRA.
The effect of xanthines on various microorganisms was studied. The antibacterial effect was not high; most of the test organisms could easily withstand a concentration of 2,500 mug/ml. Caffeine was more antibacterial than theophylline, and the latter more than theobromine. Caffeine citrate exhibited greater inhibitory effect than did pure caffeine. The effect was both bacteriostatic and bactericidal against susceptible organisms. The susceptibility of organisms to xanthines differed greatly even in related species. The morphology of Aerobacter aerogenes and A. cloacae was affected under the influence of caffeine; filamentation of cells followed sublethal doses. Potentiation was seen with antibiotics and caffeine; resistant strains were killed with a lower dose of drug in the presence of caffeine. This potentiating effect was pronounced with the tetracyclines; with streptomycin, the effect was the contrary.
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D001419:Bacteria; D002110:Caffeine; D002175:Candida; D002951:Citrates; D003353:Corynebacterium diphtheriae; D004754:Enterobacter; D021902:Enterobacter aerogenes; D004926:Escherichia coli; D007709:Klebsiella; D009161:Mycobacterium; D010600:Pharmacology; D011511:Proteus; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D012106:Research; D012482:Salmonella paratyphi A; D012485:Salmonella typhi; D012505:Sarcina; D012762:Shigella dysenteriae; D013210:Staphylococcus; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes; D013307:Streptomycin; D013752:Tetracycline; D013805:Theobromine; D013806:Theophylline; D014970:Xanthines
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002951:Citrates; D014970:Xanthines; D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline; D013752:Tetracycline; D013805:Theobromine; C026189:caffeine citrate; D013307:Streptomycin
AEROBACTER; AEROBACTER AEROGENES; ANTIBIOTICS; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIA; CAFFEINE; CANDIDA; CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE; DIPLOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY; KLEBSIELLA; MYCOBACTERIUM; PHARMACOLOGY; PROTEUS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; SALMONELLA PARATYPHI; SALMONELLA TYPHOSA; SARCINA; SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES; STREPTOMYCIN; TETRACYCLINE; THEOBROMINE; THEOPHYLLINE; XANTHINES