title: Biological correlates of abuse in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and healthy controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the biological correlates associated with histories of sexual or physical abuse in women meeting DSM criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and in healthy, non-PMDD controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight women with prospectively confirmed PMDD were compared with 28 non-PMDD women for cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures at rest and in response to mental stressors, and for beta-adrenergic receptor responsivity, during both the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Structured interview was used to assess psychiatric history and prior sexual and physical abuse experiences. All subjects were free of current psychiatric comorbidity and medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More PMDD women had prior sexual and physical abuse experiences than controls (20 vs. 10, respectively). Relative to nonabused PMDD women, PMDD women with prior abuse (sexual or physical) exhibited significantly lower resting norepinephrine (NE) levels and significantly greater beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor responsivity and greater luteal phase NE reactivity to mental stress. For non-PMDD control women, abuse was associated with blunted cortisol, cardiac output, and heart rate reactivity to mental stress relative to nonabused controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this initial study suggest that a history of prior abuse is associated with alterations in physiological reactivity to subsequent mental stress in women, but that the biological correlates of abuse may be different for PMDD vs. non-PMDD women.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology; D012742:Sex Offenses; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D014754:Violence
chemical_list: D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine