title: Increased incidence of symptomatic venous thrombosis in patients with cervical carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy, radiation, and erythropoietin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because studies have suggested that anemia has an adverse effect on outcome for patients with cervical carcinoma who are treated with radiation, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) has been used increasingly to maintain hemoglobin levels in these patients. Erythropoietin may increase the risk of thrombosis. The authors performed a retrospective analysis to determine whether there was an increased rate of symptomatic venous thrombosis associated with the use of rHuEpo in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix and vagina.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, case-control study was performed on consecutive patients with localized carcinoma of the uterine cervix or vagina who were treated with chemotherapy and radiation (chemoradiotherapy). The primary outcome was symptomatic venous thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-seven patients were reviewed. When they were divided into women who received rHuEpo (n = 75 patients) and women who did not receive rHuEpo (n = 72 patients), there were no significant differences in age, height, weight, disease stage, or body mass index. Fewer patients in the rHuEpo group required transfusions. In the rHuEpo group, 17 of 75 patients had either an upper extremity thrombosis (n = 12 patients) or a lower extremity thrombosis (n = 7 patients): 2 patients had both, and 2 patients had more than 1 event. Two of 72 patients who did not receive rHuEpo had symptomatic thrombosis. Patients who received rHuEpo had an odds ratio (OR) of developing thrombosis of 10.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.3-46.2). Multiple logistic regression revealed that only the use of rHuEpo was associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (OR, 15.3; 95% CI, 3.1-76.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cervical carcinoma who received chemoradiotherapy and rHuEpo had an increased risk of symptomatic venous thrombosis.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin