Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
BACKGROUND
This study compares the cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).


METHODS
We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. Ninety ASA I-II females, 18-65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesia for major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperative analgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), were randomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mg plus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later (Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide each group into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on the incidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects and their treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculated for each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the hospital point of view.


RESULTS
Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) than Group 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive. Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patient without PONV was euro;6.99 (95% CI, -1.26 to 36.57) for Group 1 and euro;13.55 (95% CI, 0.89-132.90) for Group 3.


CONCLUSIONS
Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least as effective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effective than dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004329:Droperidol / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000932:Antiemetics; D017294:Ondansetron; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004329:Droperidol