title: The feasibility of intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to analyse in detail the feasibility of intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether 139 consecutive breast cancer patients with metastases in axillary sentinel nodes were included in a prospective study. A combination of imprint cytology and frozen section was used as the method of intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel node metastases. The definite postoperative evaluation of the sentinel nodes was taken as the gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall sensitivity of intraoperative diagnosis was 83%, reaching 81% if the intraoperative assessment had been limited to the two first retrieved sentinel nodes. False negative (FN) findings were more common in connection with invasive lobular carcinoma (28%) than with invasive ductal carcinoma (8%) (P < 0.01) as well as in connection with micro-metastases, in 38% of the cases, compared to the larger metastases, 6% (P < 0.00005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative examination of sentinel lymph nodes enables breast surgery, axillary staging, and treatment in the same operation in a substantial proportion of breast cancer patients. Hospital costs as well as workload in the pathology laboratory may be reduced, limiting the intraoperative assessment to the two first retrieved nodes.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy