title: Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux by endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic Acid copolymer: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue augmenting substances has become an established alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and open surgery for the management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. Recently, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux, Q-Med AB, Uppsala, Sweden) a biodegradable injectable material has been reported to be a promising alternative to other tissue augmenting substances. However, the experience with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer is limited. We prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer in the endoscopic treatment of VUR.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 males and 81 females with a median age of 1 year (range 3 months to 10 years) underwent endoscopic correction of primary VUR with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer. Reflux was unilateral in 58 cases and bilateral in 54, affecting 166 ureters. Reflux was grades II to V in 7 (4.2%) cases, 91 (54.8%), 63 (38%) and 5 (3%), respectively. All patients underwent endoscopic correction as a day procedure and have been followed for 3 months to 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reflux was corrected in 143 (86%) of the 166 ureters after a single injection, and resolved after a second and third injection in 22 (13%) and 1 (1%) ureter, respectively. No untoward effects were seen in any of these patients with the use of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer as an injectable material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer is an effective tissue augmenting substance in the endoscopic treatment of all grades of VUR.
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C094535:deflux; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid