title: Tissue factor antisense oligonucleotides prevent renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue factor (TF) expression is induced on macrophages and endothelial cells during the immune response. We designed an antisense (AS) phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to specifically inhibit the expression of rat TF to study the effects of the AS ODN on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  AS-1 ODN for TF was delivered intravenously to inhibit the expression of TF in endothelial cells. After 8 hr, the right kidney was harvested and the left renal artery and vein were clamped. The kidney was reperfused after 90 min of ischemia, and rats were killed at 0, 1.5, 5, 12, and 24 hr after reperfusion. TF expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the untreated ischemic group, 0 of 20 rats survived beyond day 3. However, treatment with AS-1/TF led to 12 of 20 rats surviving beyond day 4. TF was detected on distal tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and blood vessels but not on necrotic and proximal tubular epithelial cells. The necrotic area extended and encompassed nearly all of the ischemic kidney within 12 hr after reperfusion. The necrotic area and the grade of TF staining were more significantly reduced in the AS-1/TF-treated group than in the control group. Furthermore, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled AS-1/TF was significantly intense in tubular epithelial cells 8 hr after intravenous administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that AS-1/TF inhibited the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney. Microcirculatory incompetence resulting from microthrombus may cause the formation and development of necrosis.
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013925:Thromboplastin; D011188:Potassium