title: [Surgical treatment of therapy resistant atrial fibrillation].
abstract: Atrial fibrillation in patients with isolated, therapy resistant, chronic or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) or AF in combination with additional valvular and non-valvular cardiac pathology can be surgically treated by different techniques. Unipolar high frequency, cryotherapy and microwave energy is a curative approach for the treatment of the left atrium for AF. The postoperative mortality and morbidity rate is comparable to other cardiac surgery procedures. It is a technically less challenging procedure as compared to the MAZE procedure and can be applied using a minimally invasive approach. Alternative techniques such as new cryotechnologies, laser application and bipolar high frequency energy need to be evaluated for effectiveness and safety.
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012008:Recurrence; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome