title: Beta-catenin accumulation in the progression of human hepatocarcinogenesis correlates with loss of E-cadherin and accumulation of p53, but not with expression of conventional WNT-1 target genes.
abstract: Beta-catenin integrates intracellular WNT signalling and the intercellular E-cadherin-catenin adhesion system. To date, little is known about the role of beta-catenin activation and nuclear accumulation in hepatocarcinogenesis. This study has analysed beta-catenin expression patterns in human dysplastic nodules (DNs), as well as in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in comparison with proliferation, expression of WNT-1 target genes, E-cadherin, and p53. One hundred and seventy HCCs and 25 DNs were categorized according to established criteria and analysed for the expression pattern of beta-catenin. Analysis of the proliferative activity and expression of E-cadherin, cyclin D1, MMP-7, c-myc, and p53 was performed on a representative subgroup of cases. All DNs lacked nuclear beta-catenin, while 36% of all HCCs were positive, with the number of nuclear stained cells ranging from less than 1% to more than 90%. Increasing nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin correlated with reduced membranous E-cadherin expression and nuclear p53 but not with proliferation. Cyclin D1, MMP-7, and c-myc expression was detected in 54%, 26%, and 65% of HCCs, respectively, but did not correlate with nuclear beta-catenin, proliferation, or grading. Sequence analysis of the beta-catenin gene revealed no detectable mutations in DNs, but mutations in the GSK-3beta binding site were present in 14.3% of the HCCs. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin is a frequent progression event in human hepatocarcinogenesis which correlates with nuclear p53 accumulation and loss of membranous E-cadherin, but not with the expression pattern of established WNT-1 target genes. It is hypothesized that the role of beta-catenin in human HCC differs significantly from its established function in colon carcinogenesis.
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C495247:WNT1 protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin