title: Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor I by the PPARalpha ligand, Wy-14,643, is dependent on ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
abstract: Impairment of the fibrinolytic system, mostly due to elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), is often associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and insulin-resistance syndrome. Moreover, insulin, as we have previously shown, directly stimulates PAI-1 production with a mechanism underlying a complex signaling network which ultimately leads to ERK activation. In this study we have analyzed the effects of agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma on PAI-1 biosynthesis in HepG2 cells in the presence or absence of insulin. The high affinity PPARalpha agonist, Wy-14,643, increased basal and insulin-stimulated PAI-1 antigen release with a mechanism involving gene transcription. We then investigated whether the MAP kinase pathway also plays a role in the stimulatory properties of Wy-L4,643. Wy-L4,643 increases phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in a time-dependent manner without affecting that of SAPK/JNK or ERK5. Moreover, the MEK (ERK kinase) inhibitors, PD98059 and UO126, completely prevented PAI-1 induction by Wy-14,643 without inhibiting the activation of a reporter gene carrying the PPRE element. Interestingly, the addition of p38 inhibitor followed by insulin and Wy-14,643 resulted in a greater than additive stimulation of PAI-1 secretion acting through ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, the synthetic PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, did not change PAI-1 level, although this compound induced transcription from the PPRE-driven luciferase reporter construct. In conclusion, Wy-14,643 induces PAI-1 gene expression, in the presence or absence of insulin, with a mechanism which is independent on PPARalpha activation and requires signaling through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008024:Ligands; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; C006253:pirinixic acid; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases