title: Effect of hydroxamic acid-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on human gingival cells and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered to play key roles in tissue destruction during periodontitis. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of hydroxamic acid-based MMP inhibitors (ONO-4817, ONO-MI1-514, and ONO-MI1-570), and their inhibitory effects on MMP-2 and -9 activities and growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human gingival epithelial cells (HGE) were incubated with test inhibitors prior to investigating cell viability, cell proliferation, and mRNA expression for MMP-2 and -9. Gelatin zymography and a colorimetric MMP assay were performed to study the inhibitory effects on MMP-2 and -9 activities derived from HGF and HGE, respectively. The effect of MMP inhibitors on keratinocyte migration and P. gingivalis growth was also tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability was not affected by any of the inhibitors at a final concentration of 50 microM, nor was cell proliferation at 20 microM. All inhibitors clearly inhibited MMP-2 produced by HGF and MMP-9 produced by HGE in a dose-dependent manner. No change was found in mRNA expression of MMPs by gingival cells treated with the inhibitors. ONO-4817 and ONO-MI1-514 inhibited keratinocyte migration. ONO-4817 showed a slightly inhibitory effect on the growth of P. gingivalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data obtained in this study support the potential use of the three MMP inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; C414368:N-hydroxy-5-ethoxymethyloxy-2-methyl-4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)aminopentanamide; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases