title: Vascular remodeling induced by naturally occurring unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously identified unsaturated (16:1, 18:1, and 18:2) but not saturated (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0) lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) as potent factors for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation. Unsaturated LPAs strongly induce VSMC dedifferentiation via the coordinated activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), resulting in the proliferation and migration of dedifferentiated VSMCs. Here, we investigated the effects of 18:1 and 18:0 LPAs (as representative unsaturated and saturated LPAs, respectively) on the vasculature in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rat common carotid arteries (CCAs) were treated transiently with 18:1 or 18:0 LPA and then examined by histological and biochemical analyses. The 18:1 but not 18:0 LPA potently induced vascular remodeling that was composed primarily of neointima. The incorporation of [3H]18:1 LPA into the CCAs revealed that a sufficient amount of unmetabolized [3H]18:1 LPA to induce VSMC dedifferentiation was present in the vascular wall. The 18:1 LPA-induced neointimal formation in vivo was also dependent on the coordinated activation of ERK and p38MAPK. Unlike balloon-injured CCAs, the 18:1 LPA-treated CCAs showed a histological similarity to human atherosclerotic arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report demonstrating a role for a naturally occurring unsaturated LPA in inducing vascular remodeling in vivo and provides a novel animal model for neointimal formation.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005224:Fats, Unsaturated / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D005224:Fats, Unsaturated; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases