title: Rhabdoid differentiation of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rhabdoid change represents an aggressive form of divergent differentiation previously reported in conventional (clear-cell) and papillary renal cell carcinoma. This study aims to characterise rhabdoid differentiation in a case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) and to investigate its origin by genetic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large tumour mass arising in the right kidney of a 76-year-old male was investigated using routine stains (H&E, Hale's colloidal iron), immunostains (vimentin, cytokeratin) and genetic analysis for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 1, 2, 3p, 6q, 10q, 13q, 17q, 17p and 21q.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumour mass was comprised of the following histological subtypes: (i) typical ChRCC, (ii) eosinophilic variant ChRCC and (iii) rhabdoid variant RCC. Tumour cells of all three different histological subtypes had a positive reaction to Hale's colloidal iron stain, negative immunostaining for vimentin and LOH on chromosomes 2, 10q, 13q and 17p. These results are consistent with a diagnosis of ChRCC and indicate a common genetic origin for all three histological cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that the aggressive rhabdoid variant can arise from ChRCC, as has been previously demonstrated for conventional (clear-cell) and papillary RCC.
mesh_terms: D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018335:Rhabdoid Tumor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm