title: Epiretinal membrane formation with internal limiting membrane wrinkling after Nd:YAG laser membranotomy in valsalva retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the location of premacular hemorrhage in Valsalva retinopathy and epiretinal membrane formation with internal limiting membrane (ILM) wrinkling after neodymium;yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser membranotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 35-year-old man with a massive premacular hemorrhage due to Valsalva retinopathy underwent Nd:YAG laser membranotomy. After membranotomy, his visual acuity improved from 20/200 to 20/25. Ten months later, he developed metamorphopsia with visual acuity of 20/30. A semiopacified membrane with radiating striae was found, and pars plana vitrectomy was performed for membrane removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic examination of the membrane showed hemosiderin deposits within macrophages on the retinal side of the ILM. One year later, the patient was asymptomatic with visual acuity of 20/20.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, histopathologic confirmation of the sub-ILM hemorrhage in Valsalva retinopathy and epiretinal membrane formation with ILM wrinkling as a complication after Nd:YAG laser membranotomy have not been previously reported.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green