title: Cardiovascular responses to physical and psychological stress in female alcoholics with transitory hypertension after early abstinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Male alcoholic patients with acute withdrawal hypertension have shown exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to stress after 3 to 4 weeks of abstinence, although resting blood pressures (BP) had returned to normal. Studies of this nature, however, have not been extended to women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 32 alcohol-dependent women, abstinent for 4 weeks, were compared with 16 healthy controls on cardiovascular hemodynamics during rest and in response to 2 moderately aversive stressors: isometric handgrip and a speech task. The alcoholics were placed according to withdrawal BP into transitory hypertensive (tHT; n = 16; BP >or=140/90 mm Hg) and normotensive (NT; n = 16; BP <140/90 mm Hg) subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During stress testing, the transitory hypertensive women had increased diastolic BP (p < 0.01), a higher peripheral resistance index (p < 0.05), and a reduced cardiac efficiency index (p < 0.03) relative to the normotensive and control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cardiovascular pattern suggests that both cardiac and vascular functions were altered adversely in the transitory hypertensives. In contrast to men examined in previous studies, the transitory hypertensive women had no exaggeration of BP reactivity, but instead showed sustained alterations of resting cardiovascular function in relation to chronic alcohol consumption. Although the pattern of cardiovascular dysregulation seems to be different in female alcoholics than in males, it is consistent with studies showing that cardiovascular effects in women are more severe than in men and emerge at a lower threshold level of chronic drinking.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D012016:Reference Values; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012737:Sex Factors; D013060:Speech; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013695:Temperance
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol