title: Genetic polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha, CYP19, catechol-O-methyltransferase are associated with familial prostate carcinoma risk in a Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estrogen is one of the crucial hormones participating in the proliferation and carcinogenesis of the prostate glands. Genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen metabolism pathway might be involved in the risk of prostate carcinoma development. The authors evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms in estrogen-related enzymes and receptors and the risk of developing familial prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, 101 cases with prostate carcinoma whose first-degree relatives had prostate carcinoma and 114 healthy age and residence-matched male controls were enrolled. The genotypes of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, aromatase (CYP19), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For single polymorphisms, a significant association of the T/T genotype of the PvuII site in the ER alpha gene (odds ratio [OR], 3.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-5.99; P = 0.0028), and the C/T and T/T genotypes of the CYP19 gene (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.09; P = 0.037) with prostate carcinoma risk, was observed. The G/A genotype of the COMT gene showed a weak tendency toward increased risk (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.85-2.57; P = 0.18). Stratification of cases according to clinical stage and pathologic grade showed that the C/T and T/T genotypes of the CYP19 gene were associated significantly with high-grade carcinoma (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.47-4.46; P = 0.048). The number of high-risk genotypes (the T/T in ER alpha, the C/T and T/T in CYP19, and the G/A in COMT) significantly increased the risk of developing prostate carcinoma (2 genotypes: OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.72-5.23; P = 0.008; 3 genotypes: OR, 6.30; 95% CI, 3.61-10.99; P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic polymorphisms of genes in the estrogen metabolism pathway were associated significantly with familial prostate carcinoma risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of low-penetrance genes are targets for understanding the genetic susceptibility of familial prostate carcinoma.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001141:Aromatase / Q000235:genetics*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011336:Probability; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D001141:Aromatase; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase