title: Bisindolylmaleimide IX is a potent inducer of apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemic cells and activates cleavage of Mcl-1.
abstract: New agents are required for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We show here that a protein kinase C inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide IX, is a potent inducer of apoptosis in CLL cells, and investigate the mechanisms by which this is induced. Bisindolylmaleimide IX induced a conformational change and subcellular redistribution of Bax from the cytosol to the mitochondria, resulting in the release of the proapoptotic mediators cytochrome c, Smac and Omi/HtrA2 from the mitochondrial inner membrane space. This was followed by the activation of caspase-9 as the apical caspase and subsequent activation of effector caspases. CLL cells undergoing apoptosis showed a rapid caspase-mediated cleavage of Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family implicated in CLL survival and poor prognosis. This cleavage was mediated primarily by caspase-3. Cleavage of Mcl-1 may provide a feed-forward amplification loop, resulting in the rapid induction of apoptosis. Bisindolylmaleimide IX or a related derivative may be of clinical use in the treatment of CLL.
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000097:blood*; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C467001:bisindolylmaleimide IX; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; C088060:bisindolylmaleimide