title: p53- and drug-induced apoptotic responses mediated by BH3-only proteins puma and noxa.
abstract: Apoptosis provoked by DNA damage requires the p53 tumor suppressor, but which of the many p53-regulated genes are required has remained unknown. Two genes induced by this transcription factor, noxa and puma (bbc3), stand out, because they encode BH3-only proteins, proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family required to initiate apoptosis. In mice with either noxa or puma disrupted, we observed decreased DNA damage-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts, although only loss of Puma protected lymphocytes from cell death. Puma deficiency also protected cells against diverse p53-independent cytotoxic insults, including cytokine deprivation and exposure to glucocorticoids, the kinase inhibitor staurosporine, or phorbol ester. Hence, Puma and Noxa are critical mediators of the apoptotic responses induced by p53 and other agents.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D018390:Gene Targeting; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C438378:BBC3 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; C408009:Pmaip1 protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D015759:Ionomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate