title: Staged posterior surgery for severe adult spinal deformity.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective analysis with prospective outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the strategy of dividing one prolonged, complex, posterior surgery into two smaller posterior procedures staged during one hospitalization.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  When operating on complex revision adult deformity, the posterior surgery alone can be unduly prolonged, placing patients at risk for hemodynamic complications associated with protracted same-day surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two consecutive adults with severe deformity and 2 years or more of follow-up were included. Thirty-three presented for revision surgery. Twenty-two had more than one previous fusion. During first-stage posterior surgery, existing implants were removed, decompressions performed, and new fixation points established. Five to 7 days later, patients underwent second-stage posterior surgery, consisting of osteotomies (34 patients), completion of instrumentation, and fusion. Anterior surgery was performed during either stage as necessary. Age at surgery was 47 (range 18-68); 4.8 (range 1-9) levels were fused anteriorly and 11.3 (range 4-17) levels posteriorly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major perioperative medical complications occurred (e.g., myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, death). All completed staged surgery as planned. Only five required any postoperative intubation. There was only one perioperative deep infection, one superficial infection, and one sterile seroma. No medical or surgical complication could be related to the staging of posterior surgery. SRS-24 and radiographic outcomes were excellent at >or=2-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staged posterior surgery can be performed safely with few surgical complications and no major medical complications, as well as excellent outcomes in a population known to be at high risk. Such staging can be useful in performing complex posterior revision and osteotomy surgery while limiting hemodynamic stresses.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome