title: Alteration in calcium channel properties is responsible for the neurotoxic action of a familial frontotemporal dementia tau mutation.
abstract: Tau, a microtubule binding protein, is not only a major component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, but also a causative gene for hereditary frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). We show here that an FTDP-17 tau mutation (V337M) in SH-SY5Y cells reduces microtubule polymerization, increases voltage-dependent calcium current (ICa) density, and decreases ICa rundown. The reduced rundown of ICa by V337M was significantly inhibited by nifedipine (L-type Ca channel blocker), whereas omega-conotoxin GVIA (N-type Ca channel blocker) showed smaller effects, indicating that tau mutations affect L-type calcium channel activity. The depolarization-induced increase in intracellular calcium was also significantly augmented by the V337M tau mutation. Treatment with a microtubule polymerizing agent (taxol), an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, or a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, counteracted the effects of mutant tau on ICa. Taxol also attenuated the Ca2+ response to depolarization in cells expressing mutant tau. Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells induced by serum deprivation was exacerbated by the V337M mutation, and nifedipine, taxol, and a PKA inhibitor significantly protected cells against apoptosis. Our results indicate that a tau mutation which decreases its microtubule-binding ability augments calcium influx by depolymerizing microtubules and activating adenylyl cyclase and PKA.
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D016875:tau Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002118:Calcium