title: Comparison of bladder cancer survival among Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian and Caucasian populations in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Racial differences for bladder cancer survival have been reported for Caucasians and African-Americans. However, the survival experience of bladder cancer patients in Asian and Pacific Islander ethnic groups in the United States have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to compare the bladder cancer survival rates of Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Hawaiians and Caucasians in the U.S. population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data was from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute between 1973 and 1998. Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier's estimates were used to study differences in survival between the ethnic groups, adjusting for factors including age at diagnosis, gender, year of diagnosis, histological grade, stage, surgery type, and radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall bladder cancer survival was 66% for Japanese patients, 64% for Chinese patients, 61% for Caucasians, 59% for Filipino patients and 52% for Hawaiian patients. Differences in bladder cancer survival rates between Japanese and Chinese populations in the United States were not observed. In the Asian population, higher relative risks and lower 5-year survival were observed with increasing age at diagnosis (p for trend<0.0001), grade (p for trend<0.0001), and stage (p for trend<0.0001). Asian women had lower survival and a higher risk of death due to bladder cancer than Asian men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japanese and Chinese bladder cancer patients had higher overall survival rates than Caucasians, while Filipino and Hawaiian patients had lower survival than Caucasians.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D044469:Racial Groups; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D044465:White People