title: 9-cis-retinoic acid during in vitro maturation improves development of the bovine oocyte and increases midkine but not IGF-I expression in cumulus-granulosa cells.
abstract: The isomer 9-cis of retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) exerts a beneficial effect on bovine in vitro development when added to in vitro maturation (IVM) culture. In the present work, 9-cis-RA 5 nM was found to be stimulatory as opposed to 500 nM (toxic). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with the found physiological dose 9-cis-RA 5 nM, and the next determinations performed: (1) relative expression of midkine (MK) and IGF-I, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in cumulus-granulosa cells detached from oocytes; (2) cytoplasmic granular migration, by labeling of oocytes with fluoroscein isothiocyanate lectins; and (3) in vitro survival of blastocysts after vitrification and warming. Gene expression of MK was enhanced by 9-cis-RA, but not by 1% ethanol (vehicle). However, we did not detect IGF-I expression, both in dependence on or in the absence of 9-cis-RA acting on cumulus-granulosa cells. The ability of vitrified blastocysts to survive in vitro was not improved by 9-cis-RA. Nevertheless, since only blastocysts obtained from oocytes matured with serum survived, more factors should be considered when evaluating cryopreservation survival. The complete granular migration observed in oocytes matured with 9-cis-RA anticipates the gain in developmental competence of the oocyte, being MK probably involved in this beneficial effect.
mesh_terms: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078792:Midkine; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I