title: Inverse ultrasonic determination of imperfect interfaces and bulk properties of a layer between two solids.
abstract: A method for determination of the complete set of physical, geometrical, and interfacial properties of an isotropic layer embedded between two known solids is discussed. These properties are: Lamé elastic moduli, density and thickness of the layer, and complex normal and transverse interfacial stiffnesses between the layer and the substrates. The properties are combined in the form of eight nondimensional parameters, which are determined from experimental reflection spectra at two incident angles: normal and oblique. The conditions for simultaneous determination of bulk layer properties and the interface normal and transverse springs with losses and the stability of the inversion method against data scatter are addressed. The inversion model is validated by experiment on normal and angular ultrasonic reflectivity from a layer between two semispaces in dry mechanical contact and from an environmentally degraded adhesive joint. The layer properties were measured independently, showing good agreement with the reconstructed results.