title: Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses to oral Norwalk virus-like particles in volunteers.
abstract: Norwalk virus-like particles (VLPs), made from recombinant capsid protein, are a promising vaccine. Thirty-six healthy adult volunteers received 250 microg (n = 10), 500 microg (n = 10), or 2000 microg (n = 10) of orally administered VLP or placebo (n = 6). All vaccinees developed significant rises in IgA anti-VLP antibody-secreting cells. Ninety percent who received 250 microg developed rises in serum anti-VLP IgG; neither the rates of seroconversion nor geometric mean titers increased at the higher doses. About 30-40% of volunteers developed mucosal anti-VLP IgA. Lymphoproliferative responses and IFN-gamma production were observed transiently among those who received 250 microg or 500 microg but not 2000 microg of VLP. Studies to increase immunogenicity using a mucosal adjuvant are planned.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D002213:Capsid / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009663:Norwalk virus / Q000276:immunology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma