[Comparative evaluation of several methods preventing orthostatic disorders during simulation of the end-of-space-mission factors].
A new method for mitigation of the negative consequences of blood shift toward the cranial end as a result of simulation of the hemodynamic effects of microgravity (head-down tilt at -6 degrees) combines the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and negative pressure respiration (NPR) to accelerate blood outflow from cerebral vessels and, additively, to restrain blood inflow from the lower body. The longitudinal hydrostatic pressure gradient is thus reproduced but main hemodynamic parameters assume values characteristic of the vertical posture. The objective was to compare the strength of LBNP and LBNP + NRP training in preventing orthostatic disorders following 7-d HDT. Subjects were 6 male volunteers aged 24 to 40 yrs. In the control experiment, every subject experienced episodes of orthostatic disorders. In the second experiment (LBNP), 4 subjects were afflicted; in the third experiment (LBNP + NPR), orthostatic disorders were minor, if at all. Absence of profound hemodynamic, autonomic or pre-syncope symptoms leads to the conclusion that combination LBNP + NPR is a more favorable preventive method than discrete LBNP.
D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018493:Cardiovascular Deconditioning / Q000502:physiology*; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000517:prevention & control; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D011594:Psychometrics; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012119:Respiration; D013026:Space Flight; D013575:Syncope / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014893:Weightlessness; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation