title: Anti-ICAM-2 monoclonal antibody synergizes with intratumor gene transfer of interleukin-12 inhibiting activation-induced T-cell death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic treatment with an anti-ICAM-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb; EOL4G8) eradicates certain established mouse tumors through a mechanism dependent on the potentiation of a CTL-mediated response. However, well-established tumors derived from the MC38 colon carcinoma cell line were largely refractory to this treatment as well as to intratumor injection of a recombinant adenovirus encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12; AdCMVIL-12). We sought to design combined therapy strategies with AdCMVIL-12 plus anti-ICAM-2 mAbs and to identify their mechanism of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of antitumor and toxic effects were performed with C57BL/6 mice bearing established MC38 tumors. Anti-ovalbumin T-cell receptor transgenic mice and tumors transfected with this antigen were used for in vitro and in vivo studies on activation-induced cell death (AICD) of CD8(+) T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined treatment with various systemic doses of EOL4G8 mAb plus intratumor injection of AdCMVIL-12 induced complete regression of MC38 tumors treated 7 days after implantation. Unfortunately, most of such mice succumbed to a systemic inflammatory syndrome that could be prevented if IFN-gamma activity were neutralized once tumors had been rejected. Importantly, dose reduction of EOL4G8 mAb opened a therapeutic window (complete cure of 9 of 18 cases without toxicity). We also show that ICAM-2 ligation by EOL4G8 mAb on activated CTLs prevents AICD, thus extending IFN-gamma production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of intratumor gene transfer of IL-12and systemic anti-ICAM-2 mAb display synergistic therapeutic and toxic effects. CTL life extension resulting from AICD inhibition by anti-ICAM-2 mAbs is the plausible mechanism of action.
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; C065289:ICAM2 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma