CXC chemokines mechanism of action in regulating tumor angiogenesis.
The CXC chemokines have recently been identified as a family of molecules which can regulate angiogenesis. Members of this family which contain the amino acid motif Glu-Leu-Arg in their amino terminus (ELR(+)) act as angiogenic factors, while ELR(-) members act as angiostatic molecules. The balance of these angiogenic versus angiostatic factors is critical in regulating homeostasis. As we detail in this review, there is increasing evidence from a variety of tumor model systems to suggest that the angiogenic members of this family and their receptors may be playing an important role in the neovascular pathology of solid tumors. In contrast, the angiostatic effects of the ELR- family members may provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating many tumors.