title: A randomised controlled trial of educational counselling on the management of women who have suffered suboptimal outcomes in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether proactive educational counselling, in addition to routine clinical care, reduces psychological morbidity and improves quality of life and client satisfaction among women who suffer suboptimal outcomes during childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obstetric unit of a tertiary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who had unexpected antenatal, intrapartum or postpartum events leading to suboptimal outcomes during pregnancy and childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Educational counselling provided by a trained research nurse in the postnatal ward after delivery. Women in the control group received routine clinical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the General Health Questionnaire and the Clinical Global Impression (before and after counselling, at six weeks and six months post-delivery) and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life scale (WHO-QOL) (at six weeks and six months post-delivery).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in psychological morbidity, quality of life or client satisfaction between the counselling group and the control group. Participants who underwent elective caesarean section and who had the educational counselling had significantly lower depression scores [mean 2.6 (SD 2.6)] compared with those receiving routine care [mean 3.9 (SD 3.2)]. On the other hand, educational counselling may have deleterious effect to women's quality of life in those who had instrumental delivery. Participants allocated to the counselling group had a lower mean score 68 (SD 13) in the physical domain of WHO-QOL than those in the intervention group 74 (SD 13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Educational counselling, given on top of routine clinical care, does not give additional beneficial effects on the psychological wellbeing and quality of life of women who encountered suboptimal outcomes during pregnancy.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D003376:Counseling; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors