title: Possible modulators of IL-8 and GRO-alpha production by granulosa cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) have been proved to be important modulators of leukocyte chemotaxis in the mechanism of human ovulation. This study investigated the possible effects of IL-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), protein kinase C (PKC) activators (TPA), and db-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on IL-8 and GRO-alpha production by immortalized GC1a and granulosa-lutein cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Confluent granulosa-lutein cells were placed in serum-free medium before incubated for 8 hr with the above-mentioned test agents. Finally, we measured IL-8 and GRO-alpha levels in the culture media using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of granulosa-lutein cells with of IL-1alpha (1 nM), TNF-alpha (1 nM), TPA (1 nM) and db-cAMP (100 microM) produced higher levels of IL-8 than untreated cells by 8 hr (2274.7 +/- 146.3, 1489.8 +/- 190.1, 1452.9 +/- 152.7, 1313.6 +/- 48.4 pg/mL, respectively; control = 457.7 +/- 38.2 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Treatment of granulosa-lutein cells with 1 nM of IL-1alpha, TNFalpha, TPA, and db-cAMP (100 microM) resulted in higher levels of GRO-alpha than untreated cells by 8 hr (993.7 +/- 9.5, 171.4 +/- 6.5, 147.5 +/- 6.7, 472.4 +/- 16.2 pg/mL respectively; control = 73.8 +/- 8.2 pg/mL; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data strongly suggests roles for IL-1alpha, TNFalpha, and PKC activators in the inflammation-like mechanism of human ovulation. Furthermore, our study suggests a positive, but still debatable, role for cAMP in the same mechanism.
mesh_terms: D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008184:Luteal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003994:Bucladesine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013110:Sphingosine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate