title: The lipid and clinical effects of sequential transdermal estradiol and estradiol/norethisterone acetate in 674 women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure lipid changes induced by patches delivering continuous estradiol (E(2)) and sequential norethisterone acetate (NETA) in a large population of symptomatic menopausal women, compared with a non-symptomatic control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 748 women recruited in 42 different hospital services and clinics in Spain were invited to participate in a prospective, open, controlled study for 48 weeks. Six hundred and seventy-four women were evaluated in the treatment group, and 74 in the control group. Treatment consisted of patches delivering 0.05 mg/day E(2) for the first 14 days of the cycle, and 0.05 mg/day E(2) plus 0.25 mg/day NETA for another 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of patches led to a slight, but significant decrease of 1.3% and 0.9% in concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), respectively. A substantial 37.0% decrease in triglycerides concentration was observed in treated women. The treatment effectively reduced climacteric symptoms (Kupperman index) for the duration of the study. Compliance was acceptable, with 489 (72.6%) women completing the study. Adverse events were reported by 137 (20.3%) women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transdermal administration of E(2) and sequential NETA for a period of 48 weeks (twelve 28-day cycles) was associated with beneficial changes, albeit of differing magnitudes, in the concentration of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides. This protective lipid profile, together with satisfactory clinical efficacy and acceptable safety and compliance, makes this system a good alternative in hormone replacement therapy.
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone