title: SM-20, EGL-9, and the EGLN family of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases.
abstract: Key to the transduction of signals from the environment to the cell nucleus are enzymes that post-translationally modify proteins. Modifications such as protein phosphorylation have long been known to regulate protein interactions, stability, and localization, as well as enzyme activity. Recent investigations into how cells respond to varying oxygen levels have identified a new mechanism for regulating signal transduction involving the post-translational hydroxylation of proline. The enzymes that catalyze this reaction comprise a novel family of prolyl hydroxylases, which include a growth-factor-responsive and cell-death-related protein (SM-20) in mammals, and a protein (EGL-9) in C. elegans important for normal egg laying.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D064799:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C403074:Egl-9 protein, C elegans; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C490190:EGLN1 protein, human; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; D064799:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases