title: Transforming growth factor-beta-dependent and -independent pathways of induction of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in beta6(-/-) mice.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are key mediators in kidney fibrosis. Integrin alphavbeta6, a heterodimeric matrix receptor expressed in epithelia, binds and activates latent TGF-beta1. We used beta6 integrin-null mice (beta6(-/-)) to determine the role of local TGF-beta1 activation in renal fibrosis in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Obstructed kidneys from beta6(-/-) mice showed less injury than obstructed kidneys from wild-type (WT) mice, associated with lower collagen I, collagen III, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and TGF-beta1 mRNA levels and lower collagen content. Infusion with either angiotensin II (Ang II) or aldosterone (Aldo) or combination in beta6(-/-) UUO mice significantly increased collagen contents to levels comparable to those in identically treated WT. Active TGF-beta protein expression in beta6(-/-) mice was less in UUO kidneys with or without Ang II infusion compared to matched WT mice. Activated Smad 2 levels in beta6(-/-) obstructed kidneys were lower than in WT UUO mice, and did not increase when fibrosis was induced in beta6(-/-) UUO mice by Ang II infusion. Anti-TGF-beta antibody only partially decreased this Ang II-stimulated fibrosis in beta6(-/-) UUO kidneys. In situ hybridization and immunostaining showed low expression of PAI-1 mRNA and protein in tubular epithelium in beta6(-/-) UUO kidneys, with increased PAI-1 expression in response to Ang II, Aldo, or both. Our results indicate that interruption of alphavbeta6-mediated activation of TGF-beta1 can protect against tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Further, the robust induction of tubulointerstitial fibrosis without increase in activated Smad 2 levels in obstructed beta6(-/-) mice by Ang II suggests the existence of a TGF-beta1-independent pathway of induction of fibrosis through angiotensin.
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis; D016023:Integrins / Q000172:deficiency*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D013599:Systole; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016023:Integrins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497783:Smad2 protein, mouse; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C073878:integrin alphavbeta6; D000450:Aldosterone