Pharmacokinetics of xylazine, 2,6-dimethylaniline, and tolazoline in tissues from yearling cattle and milk from mature dairy cows after sedation with xylazine hydrochloride and reversal with tolazoline hydrochloride.
Xylazine hydrochloride was administered i.m. at 0.35 mg/kg to 13 steers and 10 lactating dairy cows at Time 0. Ten minutes later, tolazoline hydrochloride was given i.v. at 4 mg/kg. Tissue and milk samples were analyzed using gas chromatography with nitrogen and phosphorous detection to determine concentrations of xylazine, 2,6-dimethylaniline (a toxic metabolite of xylazine), and tolazoline (at various intervals). Concentrations of xylazine and 2,6- dimethylaniline were below the limit of quantitation (10 microg/kg) by 72 hours in tissues and 12 hours in milk. The concentration of tolazoline was below 10 microg/kg by 96 hours in tissues and 48 hours in milk. Based on the results of these residue studies submitted by the sponsoring agency to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in New Zealand, withholding periods for both xylazine hydrochloride and tolazoline hydrochloride injection were established.
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003612:Dairying; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D014043:Tolazoline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014991:Xylazine; C007766:2,6-xylidine; D014043:Tolazoline