title: Interleukin (IL)-4 and to a lesser extent either IL-13 or interferon-gamma regulate the production of eotaxin-2/CCL24 in nasal polyps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eotaxin-2/CCL24 is a potent eosinophil attractant that has been implicated in the recruitment of eosinophils in allergic disease. We have investigated whether the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-gamma regulate eotaxin-2/CCL24 in nasal polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal polyps were cultured in the presence of the cytokines described above and the concentration of eotaxin-2/CCL24 was measured in the culture supernatant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-4 was found to be the major stimulus for eotaxin-2/CCL24 production from nasal polyps followed by IL-13 and IFN-gamma. IL-4 induced eotaxin-2/CCL24 in a dose-dependent manner with concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml being able to induce eotaxin-2/CCL24. By immunohistochemistry, eotaxin-2/CCL24 immunoreactivity was localized to mononuclear cells in the IL-4 stimulated nasal polyp tissue. Interestingly, nasal turbinates obtained from patients suffering from nonallergic rhinitis (vasomotor rhinitis) were also found to release eotaxin-2/CCL24 both spontaneously and following cytokine stimulation with IL-4 and IFN-gamma being major inducers of this cytokine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All together these findings suggest that Th1 and Th2 cytokines may regulate eotaxin-2/CCL24 production in nasal polyps and nonallergic rhinits.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054423:Chemokine CCL24; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C515484:CCL24 protein, human; D054423:Chemokine CCL24; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma