title: Lower urinary tract reconstruction is safe and effective in children with end stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital urinary tract anomalies with bladder dysfunction pose a formidable management challenge in children with end stage renal disease (ESRD). We report a series of patients with ESRD who underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction to assess the results and surgical complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with ESRD who underwent urinary reconstruction. The etiology for renal failure included posterior urethral valves, cloacal anomalies, VATER syndrome and reflux nephropathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1989 to 2000, 20 patients were identified. Median patient age at time of reconstruction was 4.5 years and median followup was 7.3 years. Pre-transplant augmentation cystoplasty was performed in 14 patients (70%) and continent reconstruction without bladder augmentation was performed in 6 patients. Subsequent renal transplant was performed in 19 patients (15 with a living related donor). Overall patient survival was 95%. There was 1 death in the immediate post-transplant period secondary to cerebral edema thought to be due to a precipitous decrease in blood urea nitrogen. The overall graft survival rate is 82%. No patients lost grafts due to infection or technical complications. All patients have stable upper tracts, and mean creatinine is 1.2 mg/dl. Three patients required major surgery due to complications of the reconstruction and 2 treated with gastrocystoplasty had severe hematuria while anuric before transplantation. All patients are continent of urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our long-term data confirm that severe bladder dysfunction can be managed safely and effectively with continent urinary reconstruction in children with ESRD.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000151:congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000151:congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*