title: Does depression influence symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome? Case study of a patient with irritable bowel syndrome and bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently associated with mood disorder. However, it is typically difficult to distinguish between disturbed mood as a causal agent and disturbed mood as a consequence of the experience of IBS. This report considers the association between mood and symptom severity in a patient with diarrhea-predominant IBS and stable, rapid cycling bipolar disorder with a predominantly depressive course. Such a case provides an important opportunity to determine the direction of the relationship between mood and IBS symptom severity because the fluctuations of mood in bipolar disorder are assumed to be driven largely by biological, rather than psychosocial, processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out prospectively, with ratings of mood and IBS symptom severity made daily by the patient for a period of almost 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient experienced regular and substantial changes in mood as well as fluctuations in the level of IBS symptoms during the study period. Contrary to expectation, the correlation between mood and IBS symptom severity on the same day suggested that the patient experienced less severe IBS symptoms during periods of more severe depression. However, time series analysis revealed no significant association between these two processes when serial dependence within each series was controlled for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unusual co-occurrence of IBS with bipolar disorder provides direct evidence to indicate that depression does not necessarily lead to an increase in the reported severity of IBS, at least in the context of bipolar disorder, and may under certain circumstances actually be associated with a reduction in the severity of IBS symptoms. Factors that might moderate the relationship between depression and symptom severity are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010507:Periodicity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014191:Tranylcypromine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014227:Triazines; D014191:Tranylcypromine; D014364:Tryptophan; D008094:Lithium; D007099:Imipramine; D000077213:Lamotrigine