title: The temporal and spatial variability of sediment transport and yields within the Bradford Beck catchment, West Yorkshire.
abstract: Recent EU directives have emphasised the need to understand and limit potential water quality problems within urban river systems. Under certain conditions sediments and contaminants derived from industrial and domestic waste and the urban surface may be expelled into urban rivers via the sewer and drainage system. These discharges may lead to water quality problems within urban catchments. One aspect of water quality is the suspended sediment. This can be directly detrimental to water quality by affecting the habitat for fish and other biota but it is also closely associated with pollutants, such as heavy metals, which may be adsorbed onto the sediments surface. This paper presents a comparative analysis of sediment yields for a small mixed rural/urban catchment, the Bradford Beck in West Yorkshire, over a number of precipitation events. Flow and water quality parameters were monitored at a high temporal resolution at strategic sites within the urban watercourse over a 2-year period. Rainfall was measured at six locations within the catchment. Analysis of discrete rainfall events allowed an understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of sediment transport within the catchment to be developed. The results demonstrated that for individual storms the sediment yields from the urban sub-catchment were generally higher than those from the rural system although the annual yields were comparable. Sediment transport within the urban area, for large events, was dominated by the impact of the Combined Sewer Overflows discharging. Within these events peak suspended sediment concentration, SSC, were generally higher than the rural system. Within smaller events the main sediment source within the urban area was the surface runoff discharging directly to the urban river. Analysis of SSC and discharge relationships illustrated the different sources of sediment for contrasting events. Within the rural system clockwise hysteresis, indicating exhaustion of sediment supply, was noted for larger storms. The high temporal resolution monitoring has enabled a better understanding of sediment dynamics within the Bradford Beck system to be developed. The general conclusions drawn can provide guidance for addressing sediment related water quality issued in other urban systems.