title: Fibrinogen predicts mortality in high risk patients with peripheral artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibrinogen plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and complications of atherothrombotic disease. We investigated the prognostic impact of fibrinogen levels on mortality of high risk patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 486 patients with PAD and several cardiovascular comorbidities. Atherosclerotic risk factors and fibrinogen levels were determined at initial presentation and patients were followed for median 7 years (IQR 6-10) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to assess the predictive value of fibrinogen levels (in quartiles) on patients' outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years were 96, 91, 83 and 67%, respectively. Overall, 138 patients (28%) died, 70% of these patients died of cardiovascular complications (n=96). Patients with fibrinogen levels 10.2-12.2 micromol/l (third quartile) and patients with fibrinogen levels above 12.2 micromol/l (fourth quartile) had a significantly increased adjusted risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratios [HR] 1.87 and 1.90, p=0.025 and p=0.020, respectively) compared to patients in the lowest quartile (fibrinogen below 8.6 micromol/l). A consistent effect was observed for cardiovascular causes of death. Diabetes mellitus and critical limb ischemia were the only other independent predictor variables (HR 2.08, p<0.001 and 1.88, p=0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated fibrinogen levels in high risk patients with PAD indicate an increased risk for poor outcome, particularly for fatal cardiovascular complications.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005340:Fibrinogen