title: Safety and efficacy of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides as immunological adjuvants in rabbits.
abstract: The efficacy of oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) as an adjuvant for rabbits was assessed alone and in combination with aluminum hydroxide (CpG/alum). The CpG/alum combination elicited a greater immune response to several antigens compared to Freund's adjuvant. A non-CpG/alum combination did not have the same effects as CpG/alum suggesting that the adjuvanticity was related to the CpG motifs. In addition, we formulated one of the antigens with combinations of CpG ODN and 30 or 10% Emulsigen (Em) [CpG/Em (30%) and CpG/Em (10%)]. Both CpG/Em (30%) and CpG/Em (10%) were more effective than Em, and equivalent to CpG/alum. The CpG/Em (10%) combination caused minimal tissue damage. Our results demonstrate that the addition of CpG ODN to aluminum hydroxide or to 10% Em significantly improves the efficiency of these adjuvants, without enhancing tissue reaction.
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000534:Alum Compounds; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002417:Cattle; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D018112:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D009841:Oligonucleotides; C041524:aluminum sulfate