The toxicology of honey bee poisoning.
The use of insecticides continues to be a basic tool in pest management, since there are many pest situations for which there are no known alternative management methods. However, the harmful effects of insecticides against beneficial Insects continuous to be a serious problem. Poisoning of bee pollinators is a serious adverse effect of insecticide use which leads to a decrease in insect population, to reduction of honey yields, to destruction of plant communities, to insecticide residues in food, and to a significant loss of beekeepers' income. In bee poisoning, the identification of the responsible toxicant is necessary by both environmental and biological monitoring, to prevent bee poisoning and for the protection of public health. The different aspects of bee poisoning with anticholinesterase insecticides are discussed in detail.
D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000506:poisoning*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D007306:Insecticides