title: Iontophoresis promotes percutaneous absorption of L-ascorbic acid in rat skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous absorption of ascorbic acid is limited by its impermeability and instability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to improve the percutaneous absorption of ascorbic acid by use of iontophoresis after topical application of ascorbic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radioactivities extracted from epidermal, dermal and blood compartments after topical application of [14C]ascorbic acid was measured in the presence or absence of iontophoresis. Autoradiography was also performed to study the histological distribution of the radioactivity of ascorbic acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iontophoresis greatly enhanced percutaneous absorption of [14C]ascorbic acid in the rat skin. Radioactive ascorbic acid in the dermis reached a maximum level at 1 h after application whereas, in the topical application method, the uptake of ascorbic acid in both epidermis and dermis was quite low. Autoradiography of skin specimens indicated that iontophoresis accelerated the absorption of ascorbic acid through both transepidermal and pilo-sebaceous routes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iontophoretic delivery system of ascorbic acid may provide a more efficient tool for its percutaneous absorption than a simple topical application.
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001345:Autoradiography; D001692:Biological Transport; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid