title: Oral immunization using formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae antigens entrapped in microspheres with aqueous dispersion polymers prepared using a co-spray drying process.
abstract: Oral-vaccine microspheres based on formalin-inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (AP-1) antigens and enteric-coated polymers were prepared using a co-spray drying process. We evaluated using this for a peroral vaccine. We measured specific-antibody titers and protection from challenge in mouse and pig models. In mice (24 per group), a subcutaneous aluminum-adjuvant vaccine or oral vaccination with three doses of AQ6-AP microspheres provided similar protection against intranasal challenge with 5 x 10(8) colony-formation units (cfu) of AP-1 bacterial culture broth. Two weeks after four oral vaccinations with 600 mg of AQ6-AP microsphere acetate solution (containing formalin-inactivated AP-1 antigens of 1.0 x 10(10) cfu bacterial broth), pigs (9 per group) were challenged intranasally with 1 ml of AP-1 bacterial culture broth (5 x 10(9) cfu). The clinical signs, percentage of pig survival ratio, lung lesion areas, and microscopic examinations indicated that the oral AQ6-AP vaccine provided more protection than vaccinating pigs intramuscularly with AP-1 aluminum vaccine.
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007114:Immunization / Q000662:veterinary; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D005557:Formaldehyde