title: The effects of gracilis muscle transplantation on speech in children with Moebius syndrome.
abstract: Speech and communication are major problems for children with Moebius syndrome, a congenital anomaly that includes facial and abducens nerve paralysis and, often, other cranial nerve deficits. In addition, these children frequently have severe functional problems such as drooling as well as poor self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of speech with bilateral gracilis muscle transplants innervated by the masseteric nerve in children with Moebius syndrome. The outcome of this two-stage procedure was investigated in 12 patients. Assessments were done before and after surgery, and additional data were collected from video records. After surgery, the children showed improved intelligibility of speech with a significantly lower frequency of all compensatory phonemes, including the sounds of /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/, "sh", /f/, and /v/. This procedure had evident positive impact in all problematic areas and is the procedure of choice for these unfortunate children.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000294:innervation; D020331:Mobius Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013065:Speech Intelligibility