title: CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotypes, haplotypes, and risk of prostate cancer.
abstract: Previous case-only studies have shown that men with the CYP3A4*1B promoter variant are at an increased risk of developing more aggressive forms of prostate cancer. However, no changes in CYP3A4 activity have been found in CYP3A4*1B carriers, suggesting that its association with disease may simply reflect linkage disequilibrium with another functional variant. CYP3A5 is located within 200 kb of CYP3A4, and a variant in CYP3A5 (*1/*3) correlates with function of the CYP3A5 enzyme. In this study, the potential effect of CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*1 on prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness were evaluated in a family-based case-control population. The CYP3A4*1B variant was positively associated with prostate cancer among Caucasians with more aggressive disease [odds ratio (OR), 1.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-3.57; P=0.04], and inversely associated with risk among Caucasians with less aggressive disease (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.49; P=0.006) and men with an age of diagnosis <63 (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26-1.00; P=0.05). The CYP3A5*1 variant was inversely associated with prostate cancer, especially among Caucasians with less aggressive disease (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22-0.78; P=0.006). As expected based on these genotype-level results, the CYP3A4*1B/CYP3A5*3 haplotype was positively associated with disease (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.36-6.23; P=0.006), and the CYP3A4*1B/CYP3A5*1 haplotype was inversely associated with risk among Caucasians with less aggressive disease (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.51; P=0.009). These findings suggest that the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 variants, or other alleles on the haplotypes they help distinguish, are associated with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human