Cardiac effects of anthracycline treatment and their implications for aeromedical certification.
BACKGROUND
In 1997 an autopsy on a professional pilot killed in an aircraft accident demonstrated myocardial fibrosis, thought to be the result of previous anthracycline treatment. The United Kingdom (UK) Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) was tasked with investigating the possible dangers to flight safety of treatment with this type of chemotherapy.


METHODS
From CAA computer records of 18,319 professional license holders, 14 were identified as having received anthracycline treatment. These subjects underwent clinical cardiological examination, exercise and 24 h ambulatory electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Other studies were performed as needed.


RESULTS
Of the 14 subjects, 9 demonstrated arrhythmias on ambulatory electrocardiography, including 4 with ventricular tachycardia and 5 with supraventricular tachycardia, a much higher incidence than expected. One pilot had evidence of left ventricular dysfunction and another developed symptomatic sinus arrest at first follow-up. Another died shortly after completing the investigations from acute lymphatic leukemia, probably a complication of his original chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. In this small cohort there seemed to be no correlation of abnormal findings with anthracycline dose nor with time since completion of treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
The results presented strongly suggest the need for cardiological review of individuals who have received anthracycline treatment and who are seeking initial certification or recertification for professional aviation licensing.
D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000592:standards; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D002568:Certification; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis
D018943:Anthracyclines