title: Tele-screening for diabetic retinopathy with the retinal thickness analyzer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of tele-screening using a novel enhanced retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) with onsite routine ophthalmologic examination for diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 31 eyes from diabetic patients were included. All underwent ophthalmologic examination, including stereoscopic dilated funduscopy and scanning with the RTA. The RTA reports consisted of a wide-angle, red-free fundus photograph and a macular-region retinal thickness map. Reports were graded by three independent graders in a masked manner. The diagnoses of proliferative retinopathy, macular edema, and treatment decisions made by the RTA graders and the clinical examiner were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On clinical examination 5 of 31 eyes were diagnosed with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). All five were referred for treatment by two graders and four eyes by one grader. All eyes with PDR and 12 of the 26 eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy showed severe macular edema. Seven of the 12 eyes with macular edema were clinically eligible for focal laser treatment, and all of them were detected by all RTA graders. Macular thickening was detected in eight eyes by RTA where no treatment was necessary, as judged by clinical examination. Thus, sensitivity was 93% (mean) for detecting PDR and 100% for detecting macular edema, with a specificity of 58-96% depending on the grader. The RTA did not allow valid assessment due to poor image quality in only one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening for diabetic retinopathy with a combination of wide-angle fundus photography and macular thickness mapping by an objective method, such as optical coherence tomography or the RTA, offers the prerequisites for establishing a successful tele-screening program.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000473:pathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation; D008875:Middle Aged; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D010211:Papilledema / Q000473:pathology; D010781:Photography; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*