title: Variation in bradykinin receptor genes increases the cardiovascular risk associated with hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The contribution of kinins to the beneficial effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in cardiovascular risk reduction remains unclear. The genes for the kinin inducible B1 receptor (B(1)R) and constitutive B2 receptor (B(2)R) contain functional variants: the B(1)R-699C (rather than G) and the B(2)R(-9) (rather than +9) alleles are associated with greater mRNA expression and the B(2)R(-9) allele with reduced left ventricular hypertrophic responses. We tested whether these gene variants influenced hypertensive coronary risk in a large prospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thousand, seven hundred and six previously healthy UK men (mean age at recruitment 56 years; median follow-up 10.8 years) were genotyped for the kinin receptor variants. The coronary risk attributable to systolic hypertension (SBP>/=160 mmHg) was significantly higher only in B(1)R-699GG homozygotes (HR 2.14 [1.42-3.22]; P<0.0001) and B(2)R(+9,+9) individuals (HR 3.51 [1.69-7.28]; P=0.001) but not in B(1)R-699C allele carriers (HR 0.82 [0.28-2.42]; P=0.76) or in B(2)R(-9,-9) homozygotes (HR 1.25 [0.51-3.04]; P=0.63).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common variation in the genes for the kinin B(1)and B(2)receptors influences prospective hypertensive coronary risk. These are the first reported human data to suggest a role for the B(1)R in human coronary vascular disease, and the first prospective study to demonstrate a similar role for the B(2)R.
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1 / Q000235:genetics*; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2