title: Neurotrophic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and neurotrophins on cultured major pelvic ganglia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of using a ganglial culture system to screen various growth factors as potential therapeutic agents for pelvic nerve injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were isolated from male rats and attached to culture dishes with the aid of Matrigel (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA, USA). Alternatively, the dorso-caudal region (DCR) of MPG, from which the cavernous nerves originate, was dissected and then attached to a Matrigel-coated coverslip. The MPG or DCR was cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control), 50 ng/mL of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 20 ng/mL of a neurotrophin (BDNF, NT3, or NT4), or combinations of these growth factors. After 2 days of incubation, the ganglial tissues with their outgrowing nerve fibres were stained for the expression of NADPH-diaphorase, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The length and staining intensity of nerve fibres were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outgrowing fibres were significantly longer in MPG treated with any of the four tested growth factors than in PBS-treated MPG. The combination of VEGF and NT3 induced the best fibre growth. Improvements to the culturing conditions allowed a histological examination of the outgrowing fibres for the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), TH and AChE. VEGF and BDNF were equally capable of inducing NOS- and TH-expressing fibres. BDNF was much weaker than VEGF for inducing AChE-expressing fibres.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This improved culturing system is potentially useful for screening nerve-regenerating factors; VEGF had neurotrophic effects comparable with BDNF, NT3, or NT4.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005724:Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000294:innervation*; D020196:Trauma, Nervous System / Q000628:therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors