title: Effect of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with long-acting oxytetracycline on non-specific immunity of calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia.
abstract: The aim of this paper was to compare the effect of flumethasone and meloxicam in combination with oxytetracycline on clinical and immunological parameters of calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia. The study was performed on 30 Black-and-White Lowland Breed calves with clinical signs of enzootic bronchopneumonia divided randomly into three equal groups and, respectively, treated with-Group I: oxytetracycline and meloxicam; Group II: oxytetracycline and flumethasone; Group III (control): oxytetracycline only. Treatment of calves with the combination of oxytetracycline and meloxicam (Group I) caused a significantly faster, in comparison to other groups, improvement in the clinical illness index score (CIIS: cough, nasal discharge, dyspnea, depression and anorexia) and a faster normalization of body temperature. A slow decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count, the number of neutrophils, MID (mixed number of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) and in the individual number of monocytes (CD14/CD45 positive cells) was observed in Groups I and III. In the blood of the calves which received oxytetracycline and flumethasone (Group II), leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis with concomitant lymphopenia and a low number of T cells (CD2+) was observed. Moreover, the calves treated with flumethasone exhibited a decrease in gamma-globulin concentration, and phagocytic parameters. Both drugs, flumethasone and meloxicam slightly decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) but meloxicam slightly increased the levels of interferon (IFN) in sera and in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs). These results suggest that the combination of meloxicam with an antibiotic in calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia is superior to the antibiotic alone and also to the combination of the antibiotic with flumethasone.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D001996:Bronchopneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005443:Flumethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007372:Interferons / Q000097:blood; D000077239:Meloxicam; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D013843:Thiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007372:Interferons; D005443:Flumethasone; D000077239:Meloxicam; D010118:Oxytetracycline