title: Cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord injuries.
abstract: Endotracheal intubation usually causes transient hypertension and tachycardia. We investigated whether the cardiovascular responses to intubation change as a function of the time elapsed in patients with spinal cord injury. One-hundred-six patients with traumatic complete spinal cord injury were grouped into acute and chronic groups according to the time elapsed (less than and more than 4 wk after injury) and into those with quadriplegia and paraplegia according to the level of injury (above C7 and below T5): acute quadriplegia, n = 26; chronic quadriplegia, n = 27; acute paraplegia, n = 24; and chronic paraplegia, n = 29. Twenty-five patients with no spinal cord injury served as controls. Systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines were measured. The intubation did not affect SAP in either the acute or chronic quadriplegics, but it significantly increased SAP in both acute and chronic paraplegics. Heart rate was significantly increased in all groups; however, the magnitude of change was less in acute quadriplegics than in the other groups. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine increased in every group but the acute quadriplegics. The magnitude of increase was attenuated in chronic quadriplegics, accentuated in acute paraplegics, and similar in chronic paraplegics when compared with controls. The incidence of arrhythmias did not differ among groups. We conclude that the cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to endotracheal intubation may change as a function of the time elapsed and the level of spinal cord injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to endotracheal intubation may differ according to the time elapsed and the level of injury in patients with complete spinal cord injury.
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000503:physiopathology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine