title: MM3 potential energy surfaces of trisaccharides. II. Carrageenan models containing 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose.
abstract: The adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PES) of six trisaccharides-namely 3,6-An-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-3,6-An-alpha-D-Galp, beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-3,6-An-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galp, and their derivatives sulfated on positions 2 and 4 of the beta-galactose unit-were obtained using the MM3 force field. Each PES was described by a single contour map for which the energy is plotted against the two psi glycosidic angles, given the small variations of the phi glycosidic torsional angle in the low-energy regions of disaccharide maps. In five of the six examples, the surfaces are those expected from the maps of the disaccharidic repeating units of carrageenans, with less important factors altering the additive effect of both linkages. However, when a sulfate group is present on C2 of a beta-galactose reducing end, a new low-energy minimum in a different region is produced, originated in a hydrogen bond between the first and third monosaccharidic moieties of the trisaccharide. The flexibility of the beta-linkages is nearly identical to that in their disaccharide counterparts, while that of the alpha-linkages is slightly reduced, independent of their presence closer or further away from the reducing end. A fair agreement is observed between the x-ray fiber diffraction analysis for a kappa-carrageenan double helix and the surfaces obtained for the trisaccharide analogs of that polymer.
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D005690:Galactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D014312:Trisaccharides; C117625:3,6-anhydrogalactose; D002351:Carrageenan; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D005690:Galactose