title: XMAP215, XKCM1, NuMA, and cytoplasmic dynein are required for the assembly and organization of the transient microtubule array during the maturation of Xenopus oocytes.
abstract: During the maturation of Xenopus oocytes, a transient microtubule array (TMA) is nucleated from a novel MTOC near the base of the germinal vesicle. The MTOC-TMA transports the meiotic chromosomes to the animal cortex, where it serves as the precursor to the first meiotic spindle. To understand more fully the assembly of the MTOC-TMA, we used confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to examine the localization and function of XMAP215, XKCM1, NuMA, and cytoplasmic dynein during oocyte maturation. XMAP215, XKCM1, and NuMA were all localized to the base of the MTOC-TMA and the meiotic spindle. Microinjection of anti-XMAP215 inhibited microtubule (MT) assembly during oocyte maturation, disrupting assembly of the MTOC-TMA and subsequent assembly of the first meiotic spindle. In contrast, microinjection of anti-XKCM1 promoted MT assembly throughout the cytoplasm, disrupting organization of the MTOC-TMA and meiotic spindle. Finally, microinjection of anti-dynein or anti-NuMA disrupted the organization of the MTOC-TMA and subsequent assembly of the meiotic spindles. These results suggest that XMAP215 and XKCM1 act antagonistically to regulate MT assembly and organization during maturation of Xenopus oocytes, and that dynein and NuMA are required for organization of the MTOC-TMA.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004398:Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D022101:Microtubule-Organizing Center / Q000502:physiology; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C486738:CKAP5 protein, Xenopus; C088335:KIF11 protein, Xenopus; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C489079:NUMA1 protein, Xenopus; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D004398:Dyneins; D016547:Kinesins