title: Hyperlactatemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving antiretroviral treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis occur in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral treatment. Our objective was to determine the incidence, course and risk factors for hyperlactatemia in our HIV-infected pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study of venous lactate concentrations during a 28-month period in 80 HIV-infected children, most of whom were receiving antiretrovirals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood lactate concentrations were measured every 6 months under optimal sample-obtaining conditions. Alanine values from the same blood sample were performed when lactate concentrations were elevated. Hyperalaninemia is observed only when mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is chronically disturbed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients (29%) were identified with hyperlactatemia, in 9 of the cases with normal alaninemia, probably caused by difficult venous punctures. The other 14 children (17%) had pathologic alanine concentrations with a mean lactate peak of 2.67 mmol/l (range, 2.05 to 4.9 mmol/l); none of them showed metabolic acidosis, and they were all symptom-free. Treatment was continued in all cases, and lactate has progressed spontaneously to normal values in 5 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptom-free hyperlactatemia was observed in HIV-infected children receiving nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In our study, only a younger age at the beginning of antiretroviral treatment was a statistically significant risk factor for hyperlactatemia. Random measurements of blood lactate concentrations should be included in the clinical follow-up of those HIV-infected children <3 years of age who are treated with nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors, symptomatic or not.
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D007773:Lactates; D019344:Lactic Acid