title: Induction of mitogenic signalling in the 1LN prostate cell line on exposure to submicromolar concentrations of cadmium+.
abstract: Cadmium exposure increases the risk of prostate cancer. We now describe the effects of Cd2+ on signalling and proliferation in 1LN prostate cells. Cd2+ increased [3H]thymidine uptake and cell number twofold. Cd2+ elevated intracellular IP3, cytosolic-free Ca2+, phosphorylated MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK two- to threefold. Increased PDK1 and phosphorylation of the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase, Akt and p70s6k were also observed. Cd2+ treatment increased transcription factors NFkappaB and CREB, and the expression of c-fos and c-myc. Cd2+-induced increased uptake of [3H]thymidine was abolished by translational and transcriptional inhibitors, and Ca2+ channel blockers. Inhibition of phospholipase C and of Ca2+ binding to IP3 receptors inhibited Cd2+-induced DNA synthesis as did inhibition of tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C, PI 3-kinase, farnesyl transferase, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p38MAPK. Thus signalling events, which are triggered on exposure of 1LN cells to submicromolar concentrations of Cd2+, induce increased proliferation of these cells.
mesh_terms: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D004768:Enterotoxins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D021122:Protein Subunits; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C082174:cytolytic enterotoxin protein, Aeromonas; C578562:PDPK1 protein, human