Outcomes associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococci: a meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Because patients with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus bacteremia (VREB) usually have a higher severity of illness, it has been unclear whether VREB is worse than vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus bacteremia (VSEB).


METHODS
Data on morbidity and case fatality rates and costs were pooled from studies comparing VREB and VSEB, identified by Medline January 1986 to April 2002) and meeting abstracts. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with contingency table chi-square. Multivariate analyses (MVAs) controlling for other predictors were evaluated.


RESULTS
Thirteen studies compared case-fatality rates of VREB and VSEB. VREB case fatality was significantly higher (48.9% vs 19%; RR, 2.57; CI95, 2.27 to 2.91; attributable mortality = 30%). Five studies compared VREB with VSEB when bacteremia was the direct cause of death; VREB case fatality was significantly higher (39.1% vs 21.8%; RR, 1.79; CI95, 1.28 to 2.5; attributable mortality = 17%). Four MVAs found significant increases in case-fatality rates (OR, 2.10 to 4.0), 3 showed trends toward increase (OR, 1.74 to 3.34 with wide confidence intervals), and 3 with low statistical power found no difference. VREB recurred in 16.9% versus 3.7% with VSEB (P < .0001). Three studies reported significant increases in LOS, costs, or both with VREB.


CONCLUSIONS
Most studies have had inadequate sample size, inadequate adjustment for other predictors of adverse outcomes, or both, but available data suggest that VREB is associated with higher recurrence, mortality, and excess costs than VSEB including multiple studies adjusting for severity of illness.
D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance