title: Immunomodulatory drug costimulates T cells via the B7-CD28 pathway.
abstract: Although thalidomide (Thal) does not directly induce T-cell activation, it increases proliferation of T cells following CD3 activation. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory effects of a more potent analog of Thal, immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), on T cells. Although IMiD3 does not directly stimulate proliferation of normal donor CD3+ T cells, it significantly costimulates proliferation of CD3+ T cells induced by CD3 ligation (stimulation index [SI], 2.4), immature dendritic cells (DCs; SI, 2.1), and mature DCs (SI, 2.6). T-cell proliferation triggered by DCs was abrogated by cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA-4-Ig), and IMiD3 partially overcomes this inhibitory effect. IMiD3 also overcomes the inhibitory effects of CTLA-4-Ig on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and influenza (Flu)-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses, as measured by cytokine capture and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. IMiD3 did not induce up-regulation of CD28 expression on T cells, or of CD80-CD86 expression on dendritic cells. Importantly, IMiD3 triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28 on T cells, followed by activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), a known downstream target of CD28 signaling. These results therefore define the costimulatory mechanism whereby IMiD3 induces T-cell activation and provide the cellular and molecular basis for use of IMiD3 as an adjuvant in immunotherapeutic treatment strategies for multiple myeloma.
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000737:chemistry; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002455:Cell Division; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000378:metabolism; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015847:Interleukin-4; D014443:Tyrosine; D013792:Thalidomide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000077269:Lenalidomide