title: Conformations of 2-carboxy-1,4-butanedioic acid as a function of ionization state in dimethyl sulfoxide.
abstract: [reaction: see text] The conformational equilibria of 2-carboxy-1,4-butanedioic acid and its mono-, di-, and trianions were estimated by NMR couplings in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Intramolecular hydrogen bonding was inferred for the mono- and dianions, but not for the triacid. For the di- and trianions, the (3)J(HH) couplings were consistent with the negative carboxylate groups being much closer together than might be expected from electrostatic repulsion considerations. The successive triacid pK(a) values were estimated as 7.0, 13.4, and approximately 20(?) on the Bordwell scale.