title: Comparison of the caudal lung borders determined by percussion and ultrasonography in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of thoracic percussion and ultrasonography with the help of distance measurements and statistical methods in the determination of the caudal lung border in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Examinations were performed on 11 healthy, warm-blooded horses of different breeds, age and grade of disease. First, the caudal lung border was determined by the traditional indirect percussion method in the 10th, 12th, 14th and 16th intercostal spaces at the end of inspiration and expiration on both sides of the thorax. To apply standardised measurements, a fix point was chosen as described earlier by the same authors for healthy horses. The distance between this point and the caudal lung border was measured with a tape-measure. Percussion was followed by ultrasonographic determination of the caudal lung border. Measurements were performed in the same way as described for the percussion technique. Mean values and standard errors of absolute values of differences between percussion and ultrasonographic measurements were the following, in centimetres (10th, 12th, 14th and 16th intercostal spaces). Left side expiration: 1.4, 0.4; 0.8, 0.2; 0.9, 0.2; 0.8, 0.4; left side inspiration: 0.8, 0.3; 1.5, 0.3; 1.4, 0.3; 1.1, 0.3; right side expiration: 2.1, 1.0; 2.1, 0.5; 1.6, 0.5; 0.8, 0.1; right side inspiration: 1.5, 0.7; 1.2, 0.6; 0.8, 0.2; 0.8, 0.3, respectively. Ultrasonography proved to be reliable in determining the caudal lung borders in horses with RAO. Results of the percussion examination did not differ significantly from those of the ultrasound method which was used as a reference technique. The differences between inspiration and expiration were greater in horses with RAO than in healthy horses in a previous study. Based on these results, percussion can be used as an integrated part of the physical examination in diagnosing caudal shift of the caudal lung border of horses suffering from RAO.
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010474:Percussion / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*