title: [Integrons and antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes in Shigella flexneri strains ].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The resistance of Shigella flexneri to antimicrobial agents can be associated to the presence of integrons that may contain and express antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study antimicrobial resistance and the presence of integrons and antimicrobial gene cassettes in Shigella flexneri strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro susceptibility to 27 antimicrobials was studied in twenty four Shigella flexneri strains isolated from stools. The presence of integrons class 1, 2 and 3 and antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for each gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most strains were resistant to one of the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, sulphonamide, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or chloramphenicol. Twenty nine percent were simultaneously resistant to all these antimicrobials. Integrons class 1 and 2 were found in 19 strains (79%). Class 3 integrons were not found. Gene cassettes dfrA1 and ant(3")I were associated to integrons class 2 in most strains (15/20, 75%). Genes cat, tetB and blarTEM were detected in 18/24 (75%), 7/24 (29%) and 4/24 (17%) of the strains, respectively and were not associated to any of the studied integrons. Genes that codify enzymes AAC(6')Ib and APH(3')VI were not detected in any strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high frequency of integrons found in the studied strains, could partly explain the increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri strains, isolated in Chile.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides