title: Multiple effects of paclitaxel are modulated by a high c-myc amplification level.
abstract: Paclitaxel affects microtubule stability by binding to beta-tubulin, thus leading to cell accumulation in the G(2)/M phase, polyploidization, and apoptosis. Because both cell proliferation and apoptosis could be somehow regulated by the protooncogene c-myc, in this work we have investigated whether the c-myc amplification level could modulate the multiple effects of paclitaxel. To this aim, paclitaxel was administered to SW613-12A1 and -B3 human colon carcinoma cell lines (which are characterized by a high and low c-myc endogenous amplification level, respectively), and to the B3mycC5 cell line, with an enforced exogenous expression of c-myc copies. In this experimental system, we previously demonstrated that a high endogenous/exogenous level of amplification of c-myc enhances serum deprivation- and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, the present results indicate that a high c-myc amplification level potentiates paclitaxel cytotoxicity, confers a multinucleated phenotype, and promotes apoptosis to a great extent, thus suggesting that c-myc expression level is relevant in modulating the cellular responses to paclitaxel. We have recently shown in HeLa cells that the phosphorylated form of c-Myc accumulates in the nucleus, as distinct nucleolar and extranucleolar spots; here, we demonstrated that, after the treatment with paclitaxel, phosphorylated c-Myc undergoes redistribution, becoming diffused in the nucleoplasm.
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005784:Gene Amplification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D018628:Gene Dosage; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017239:Paclitaxel