Botulinum toxin type A for facial aesthetic enhancement: role in facial shaping.
The application of injectable chemodenervation with botulinum toxin type A has become a useful and significant tool for facial rejuvenation. Since its original discovery and descriptions of its use for improvement of dynamic facial lines and furrows, botulinum toxin type A has been shown to be effective in a host of other applications. Because of its synergistic effects, it is used as an adjunctive agent for a variety of procedures, from injectable facial soft-tissue augmentation to brow lifts. The art of using botulinum toxin type A, or Botox (Allergan, Irvine, Calif.), has evolved from a technical procedure to one that is influenced by aesthetic judgment and applications that extend beyond line eradication to improve facial form and shape.
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A