title: Ribosomal immunostimulation: assessment of studies evaluating its clinical relevance in the prevention of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the efficacy of the ribosomal immunostimulant Ribomunyl in preventing upper and lower respiratory tract infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of studies of 3 and 6 months' duration comprising part of the international registration file.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2117 patients (1215 children and 902 adults); ribosomal immunostimulant n = 1062, placebo n = 1055.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials were performed between 1983 and 1994 in Europe. In children with ear-nose-throat (ENT) infections, 3 months' ribosomal immunostimulant treatment significantly decreased the mean number of recurrences (27-68% reduction), and reduced the duration of infection (28-66% reduction) and antibacterial requirement (29-60% reduction). Ribosomal immunostimulant was similarly effective in children with ENT and bronchopulmonary infections, reducing the mean number of recurrences by 32-61% compared with placebo. In children with otitis media, ribosomal immunostimulant reduced recurrences by 10-53% and also reduced the duration of infection, antibacterial use and local surgery requirement. Results obtained from studies of 6 months' duration confirmed or extended these results. In adult patients with ENT or mixed respiratory infections, ribosomal immunostimulant produced similar reductions to those seen in children for recurrent infections (54-78% reduction), duration of infection (42-79% reduction) and antibacterial use (38% reduction).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly demonstrate that ribosomal immunostimulant is effective in preventing and in reducing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; C034206:Ribomunyl