title: Long-term outcome of antiandrogen monotherapy in advanced prostate carcinoma: 12-year results of a phase II study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the long-term outcome of patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate carcinoma treated by first-line antiandrogen monotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1983 to 1990, 41 patients with advanced prostate carcinoma were treated with flutamide monotherapy until progression or the appearance of toxicity. Twenty-five patients (61%) had T3-T4N0M0 and 16 (39%) T2-4N0-3M1 prostate carcinoma. Consensus criteria were adopted to evaluate the response. Plasma testosterone and sexual function were recorded for the first 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flutamide was administered for up to 147 months; seven patients (17%) interrupted the treatment because of toxicity. There was an objective response in 17 (41%) patients; 20 (49%) had stable disease while four (10%) progressed. There were objective responses, lasting up to 150 months, in 82% of those with M0 and in 18% with M1 disease (P = 0.05). The median time to progression in patients with an objective response and stable disease was 45 and 16 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Thirty-one patients (76%) died from prostate cancer and 10 (24%) from unrelated diseases. The median survival was 67 and 36 months in patients with an objective response and stable disease, respectively (P < 0.001). There was an improvement in performance status in 85% and reduction in bone pain in 83% of the patients; sexual activity was maintained in 63%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monotherapy with flutamide is well tolerated. Objective responses are more frequent in patients with locally advanced disease. Patients with an objective response within 6 months have a prolonged progression-free and overall survival.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013739:Testosterone; D005485:Flutamide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen