title: Enhanced androgen receptor signaling correlates with the androgen-refractory growth in a newly established MDA PCa 2b-hr human prostate cancer cell subline.
abstract: Bone metastasis is commonly found in prostate cancer (PC) patients. Although the mechanisms for the recurrence of bone metastasis-derived PC during medical or surgical castration therapy are still unclear because of the lack of suitable experimental models, one hypothesis is that enhanced androgen receptor (AR) signaling causes androgen-refractory PC growth. To test this hypothesis, we first established a novel androgen-refractory MDA PCa 2b cell subline, MDA PCa 2b-hr, which was generated in vitro from bone metastasis-derived, androgen-dependent MDA PCa 2b human PC cells after approximately 35 weeks of growth suppression by androgen-depletion treatment to mimic the clinical PC recurrence during androgen-ablation therapy. The changes of the androgen responsiveness of growth and the AR expression levels during the transition from an androgen-dependent to androgen-refractory proliferative phase through a temporal growth-suppressed phase precisely paralleled that of the basal growth rate. Furthermore, the androgen-refractory growth of MDA PCa 2b-hr cells in androgen-depleted medium was suppressed by an antiandrogen, bicalutamide. Next, we established nude mouse xenograft models to clarify whether AR signaling in MDA PCa 2b-hr cells is also enhanced in vivo. Both the MDA PCa 2b and MDA PCa 2b-hr tumors grew in gonadally intact mice, but only the MDA PCa 2b-hr tumors grew in castrated mice. The growth rate of MDA PCa 2b-hr tumors was significantly higher in gonadally intact mice than in castrated mice. Treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone pellets, which produced clinical castration levels of serum testosterone, accelerated the MDA PCa 2b-hr but not MDA PCa 2b tumor growth in castrated mice and increased blood prostate-specific antigen levels in castrated mice bearing MDA PCa 2b-hr tumors but not in mice bearing MDA PCa 2b tumors. Our data suggest that the enhanced AR signaling should be closely correlated with the androgen-refractory growth of human bone metastasis-derived PC, which might come to use adrenal androgens remaining in the blood even after castration therapy and warrant the continuation of hormone therapy for the recurrent PC.
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000473:pathology*; D009570:Nitriles; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D000813:Anilides; D009570:Nitriles; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; C053541:bicalutamide