title: In utero recombinant adeno-associated virus gene transfer in mice, rats, and primates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene transfer into the amniotic fluid using recombinant adenovirus vectors was shown previously to result in high efficiency transfer of transgenes into the lungs and intestines. Adenovirus mediated in utero gene therapy, however, resulted in expression of the transgene for less than 30 days. Recombinant adenovirus associated viruses (rAAV) have the advantage of maintaining the viral genome in daughter cells thus providing for long-term expression of transgenes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant AAV2 carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into the amniotic sac of fetal rodents and nonhuman primates. Transgene maintenance and expression was monitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene transfer resulted in rapid uptake and long-term gene expression in mice, rats, and non-human primates. Expression and secretion of the reporter gene, GFP, was readily demonstrated within 72 hours post-therapy. In long-term studies in rats and nonhuman primates, maintenance of GFP DNA, protein expression, and reporter gene secretion was documented for over one year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because only multipotential stem cells are present at the time of therapy, these data demonstrated that in utero gene transfer with AAV2 into stem cells resulted in long-term systemic expression of active transgene roducts. Thus, in utero gene transfer via the amniotic fluid may be useful in treatment of gene disorders.
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007267:Injections; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000196:embryology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004247:DNA