title: Apoptosis in the endometrium of postmenopausal women receiving tibolone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tibolone, a synthetic derivative of the 19-nortestosterone family, induces atrophy of the endometrium, especially via its progestogenic Delta(4) isomer. The aim of the study was to determine whether tibolone induces apoptosis in the endometrium of postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy postmenopausal women (mean age +/- SD 52.4 +/- 4.21 years) who had amenorrhea for at least 1 year and who had no history of any systemic illness and estrogen replacement therapy were enrolled in the study. All patients were offered office endometrial samplings, and then tibolone was prescribed (2.5 mg/day p.o., once daily) to all patients. Repeat endometrial samples were obtained after completion of the 6-month course of tibolone therapy. All samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for the presence of apoptotic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the median proportion of apoptotic nuclei between the pre- and posttreatment samples (2 vs. 3%; p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that tibolone did not affect the rate of apoptosis in the postmenopausal endometrium. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of apoptosis in overall effects of hormonal compounds on the postmenopausal endometrium.
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001284:Atrophy; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017698:Postmenopause
chemical_list: D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D009652:Norpregnenes; C027385:tibolone