title: Once-a-day therapy for HIV infection: a controlled, randomized study in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complex antiretroviral regimens require optimal adherence to maintain long-lasting effectiveness. Simpler regimens, possibly with easy schedule and low pill burden, are needed for the long-term treatment of HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and tolerability of a once-a-day highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared with two other conventional twice-a-day regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective and randomized study, antiretroviral-naive patients received either EFV+ddl+3TC (once-a-day regimen; OD), or EFV+Combivir (twice-a-day and low-pill burden regimen; BID-low) or NFV+Combivir (twice-a-day and high-pill burden regimen; BID-high). Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with viral load <50 copies/ml at week 52 of follow-up. Results were evaluated according to intention-to-treat and on-treatment analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients in each arm were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were similar in the three groups. The proportion of patients with viral load <50 copies/ml at week 52 were 74.4, 74.4 and 50.0% for OD group, BID-low group and BID-high group, respectively (P=0.02, ITT analysis). According to on-treatment analysis, the same figures were 88.9, 85.7 and 60% (P<0.02). Overall, 26 (25.5%) patients discontinued treatment for different reasons and immune recovery was similar in all study arms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-a-day HAART with ddl+3TC+EFV is a safe and effective alternative to twice-a-day regimens. Once-a-day therapy, with its simple daily schedule, may be proposed as one of the first choice treatments in HIV infection.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors