title: Drug-selected resistance mutations and non-B subtypes in antiretroviral-naive adults with established human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 antiretroviral resistance is expected to be higher in recently infected antiretroviral-naive individuals than in those who have been infected longer. Antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected adults who presented to an outpatient clinic in an urban hospital in Boston for initial evaluation in 1999 were screened for drug-selected resistance mutations and phylogenetic subtype. Drug-selected mutations were identified in 16 (18%) of 88 subjects. Twelve (14%) included mutations associated with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, 4 (5%) included mutations associated with nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and 3 (3%) included mutations associated with protease inhibitors. Two (2%) had resistance mutations associated with multiple classes of drugs. Nine (10%) subjects had infection with non-B subtype HIV-1 and did not have drug-selected mutations. Serological results indicated infection for >/=6 months. Drug-selected mutations or non-B subtypes were detected in a substantial portion of antiretroviral-naive adults who had been infected for at least 6 months.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D001900:Boston; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease