title: Racial disparity in the use of atypical antipsychotic medications among veterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the current state of antipsychotic prescription practices regarding race among veterans receiving care through the Department of Veterans Affairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined pharmacy records over a 12-month period for all veterans with schizophrenia and antipsychotic prescriptions in fiscal year 1999. They used logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of race on the use of various atypical antipsychotic agents. Analytic models controlled for age, sex, comorbid substance use, bipolar disorder, and other psychosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample of 69,787 veterans with schizophrenia was 61.3% white, 30.1% African American, and 8.5% Hispanic. Among them, 39% had prescriptions for conventional antipsychotics, 37% for atypical antipsychotics, and 23% for both atypical and conventional antipsychotics. Use of any atypical agent during the year was less likely for Hispanic veterans (55%) than for two other groups (both 61%). When examining specific medications in a multivariate model, the authors found that African American and Hispanic veterans were much less likely to receive clozapine than were white veterans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall use of atypical antipsychotics was slightly less common for African American and Hispanic veterans with schizophrenia than for white patients. However, use of clozapine, the first choice for refractory illness and possibly uniquely effective for patients with comorbid substance abuse, did vary greatly by race. This may reflect concern over serious side effects, such as loss of white blood cells and fluctuations of serum glucose levels, or patient preference.
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D010890:Pirenzepine; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine