Sentinel lymph node biopsy has no benefit for patients with primary cutaneous melanoma metastatic to a lymph node: an assertion based on comprehensive, critical analysis: part I.
The thesis is set forth in this treatise that there is no place in the routine practice of medicine for the procedure for melanoma known conventionally and universally as sentinel node biopsy. Our assertion is based on assessment of the extensive body of literature devoted to the subject of treatment of melanoma before any metastasis has manifested itself clinically and of that dedicated to therapy for overt metastatic melanoma by a variety of modalities, chief among those addressed here being elective lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. In this era of sentinel lymph node biopsy, elective lymph node dissection has been modified to include only patients with metastasis of melanoma to lymph nodes, a procedure now termed "selective complete lymph node dissection." Among adjuvant medical therapies, the most popular today is interferon alpha-2B. Critical, incisive scrutiny of the literature leads to the conclusion, incontrovertibly, that elective lymph node dissection has no benefit for a patient and that all modifications of it also are devoid of value. The reason, logically, for the lack of utility of elective lymph node dissection becomes apparent by virtue of the route taken by cells of melanoma as they metastasize; those cells proceed in the same fashion as does lymph, bacteria, foreign material (including vital dyes and radioactive tracers), and other kinds of cells, to wit, by passing rapidly through nodes, including the sentinel one, and even bypassing entirely the nodes. In reality, cells of metastatic melanoma are not held up in nodes for any significant period of time, contrary to what is asserted repeatedly, but without any basis in fact, by many students of the subject. Moreover, not a single adjuvant medical therapy available currently is effective against metastatic melanoma and, therefore, none of them should be invoked to justify performance of sentinel node biopsy. Even if the sentinel node is found to house cells of melanoma, which, as a rule, conveys a grim message regarding the future, the finding in an individual patient is meaningless; a particular patient may live in harmony with metastases of melanoma for more than 30 years and even die of an unrelated malady. In short, no surgeon, pathologist, or oncologist is a seer, diviner, or prophet when it comes to predicting accurately the outcome for a patient with metastasis of melanoma; the end could come in weeks, months, or decades. If, however, a sentinel node is found to contain nary a cell of metastatic melanoma, it, too, means nothing for an individual patient because the existence of metastases widely is not excluded by that finding. In short, sentinel node biopsy cannot be considered the standard of care in the daily practice of medicine; it is woefully substandard because it is without benefit. There is no justification, whatsoever, for the procedure, scientifically or practically, and for that reason it should be abandoned, without delay, now.
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary*; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*