title: Type-h thioredoxins accumulate in the nucleus of developing wheat seed tissues suffering oxidative stress.
abstract: Thioredoxin h (Trx h) proteins are ubiquitous in all wheat organs, but show the highest accumulation in mature seeds. This distribution suggests the expression of Trx h during seed development. In the present study, we have analyzed the pattern of Trx h expression in developing wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Northern blot analysis detected a single band at any stage of development, which corresponded to the expression of at least two genes, TrxhA and TrxhB, as shown by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments. The analysis of the content of Trx h polypeptides showed the highest content in the embryo. The spatial pattern of accumulation of these proteins was established by immunocytological techniques. At early stages of development Trx h proteins localized to maternal tissues (nucellus projection cells and pedicel), the route of transport of nutrients to the developing endosperm. In the endosperm, Trx h proteins accumulated at a high level in the aleurone layer. At later stages of development, during seed maturation, Trx h proteins localized predominantly to the nucleus of both aleurone and scutellum cells, a feature exclusive of these seed tissues. The nuclear localization of Trx h proteins was associated with oxidative stress in these tissues, as shown by in situ staining of superoxide radicals in developing and germinating seeds.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Avda Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Serrato
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cejudo
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D054480:Thioredoxin h; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054480:Thioredoxin h; D013481:Superoxides; D013879:Thioredoxins