title: Negative pressure breathing enhances nitrogen elimination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rate of nitrogen elimination during decompression is primarily dependent on tissue perfusion and, therefore, cardiac output (CO). Negative pressure breathing (NPB) is thought to increase CO by enhancing venous return and, consequently, the rate of nitrogen elimination. This notion was investigated in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nitrogen elimination was measured in five subjects lying supine while breathing a nitrogen free gas (79% Ar, 20% O2) supplied at -15 cm H2O (-1.5 kPa) or at atmospheric pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 2-h washout period, NPB increased nitrogen elimination by 39.2 +/- 21.7% (mean +/- SD), increased calf blood flow by 34.1 +/- 34.6%, and elevated BP slightly during the last half of the experiment. Negative pressure breathing did not significantly change CO; the increase in nitrogen elimination may have been due to redistribution of blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative pressure breathing appears to be a useful means of increasing nitrogen elimination and should be considered in situations such as decompression or treatment of decompression sickness where this effect may be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Claes E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lundgren
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000628:therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015919:Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen