title: Microwave breast imaging: 3-D forward scattering simulation.
abstract: Active microwave imaging (MWI) is emerging as a promising technique for the detection of biomedical anomalies such as breast cancer because of the high electrical contrasts between malignant tumors and normal tissue. Previously, we have developed fast two-dimensional forward and inverse scattering algorithms for MWI systems. In this paper, we report the full three-dimensional (3-D) forward scattering simulation in order to account for 3-D effects and to provide a fast solver in future 3-D nonlinear inverse scattering methods. The 3-D fast forward method is based on the stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (BCGS-FFT) algorithm. The method has been validated for various MWI measurement scenarios. Using this fast simulation method, we demonstrate the importance of accounting for 3-D effects in MWI, and we compare numerical results with the measurements from an experimental prototype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0291, USA.
authors.forename: Zhong Qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing Huo
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chunjiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ybarra
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Joines
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008872:Microwaves; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012542:Scattering, Radiation