title: Ethics and human rights issues experienced by nurses in leadership roles.
abstract: The aims of this study were to identify (1) the ethics and human rights issues experienced by nurses in leadership roles (NLs); (2) how frequently these issue occurred in the NLs'practices; and (3) how disturbed the NLs were by the issues. Dillman's Total Design Method (1978) for mailed surveys guided the study design. Data analysis was performed on 470 questionnaires from New England RNs in nursing leadership roles. The most frequently experienced ethics and human rights issues during the previous 12 months were (1) protecting patient right and human dignity; (2) respecting or not respecting informed consent to treatment; (3) use or nonuse of physical or chemical restraints; (4) providing care with possible risks to the RN's health; (5) following or not following advance directives; and (6) staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care. The most disturbing ethics and human rights issues experienced by the NLs were staffing patterns that limited patient access to nursing care, prolonging the dying process with inappropriate measures, working with unethical, incompetent, or impaired colleagues, implementing managed care policies that threaten quality of care, not considering quality of the patient's life, and caring for patients and families who are uninformed or misinformed about treatment, prognosis, or medical alternatives. Nearly 39% of the NLs reported experiencing ethics and human rights issues one to four times a week or more, and more than 90% handled their most recent ethics issue by discussing it with nursing peers. Study findings have implications for ethics education and resource support for nurses in leadership roles, and for further research on how NLs handle ethics and human rights issues in the workplace.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Cohn Building, Suite 112, 5557 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. b.redman@wayne.edu
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Redman
authors.forename: Sara T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000941:ethics; D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000941:ethics; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009511:New England; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000941:ethics* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology*; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000600:supply & distribution; D028701:Patient Rights / Q000941:ethics; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000941:ethics; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000941:ethics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires