title: In vitro quality control of red blood cell concentrates outdated in clinical practice.
abstract: The properties of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates stored in different additive solutions have been previously examined under laboratory conditions at the end of shelf-life. However, whether these data are representative for RBC units used in clinical practice has not been shown. Therefore, we examined 164 RBC units from six manufacturers outdated after clinical usage in a hospital-based transfusion service for cellular content, hemolysis, adenosin triphosphate, 2,3-DPG, pH, oxygen saturation and levels of beta-thromboglobulin and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1beta (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Results were correlated with the number of interruptions of recommended storage conditions and with different manufacturers. TNFalpha and IL-8 levels in the supernatant of RBC concentrates showed a weak correlation with the number of interruptions of recommended storage conditions (TNFalpha: r = 0.25, P < 0.01; IL-8: r = 0.20, P < 0.01) for the whole series. We detected no significant correlation between hemolysis and interruptions of recommended storage conditions or any of the remaining studied parameters. However, we found significant differences between RBC concentrates supplied by different manufacturers with respect to cellular content and most of the studied parameters. RBC concentrates containing SAG-M from one single manufacturer had higher in vitro hemolysis at the end of shelf-life compared to all other manufacturers (P < 0.05). We conclude from our data that interruptions of optimal conditions for storage of red cell components during cross-match testing and transport in our setting play a minor role for in vitro properties of RBC units at the end of shelf-life. The influence of processes of production, storage and/or transport until entry of RBC units into our blood component depot seems to be much more important for final product quality at the end of shelf-life than subsequent events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. robert.zimmerman@trans.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Weisbach
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zingsem
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neidhardt
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eckstein
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins