title: Impact of naled on honey bee Apis mellifera L. survival and productivity: aerial ULV application using a flat-fan nozzle system.
abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of naled on honey bees as a result of their exposure to aerial ULV applications of this insecticide during three routine mosquito spray missions by Manatee County Mosquito Control District in Florida during the summer of 1999. Naled deposits were collected on filter paper and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography. Mortality of adult honey bees Apis mellifera L. was estimated based on numbers from dead bee collectors placed in front of the entrance of the beehives. We found that honey bees clustering outside of the beehives were subject to naled exposure. Bee mortality increased when higher naled residues were found around the hives. The highest average naled deposit was 6,227 +/- 696 microg/m2 at the site 1 forest area following the mosquito spray mission on July 15, 1999. The range of naled deposition for this application was 2,818-7,101 microg/m2. The range of dead bees per hive was 0-39 prior to spraying and 9-200 within 24 h following this spray mission. The average yield of honey per hive was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for naled-exposed hives compared with unexposed hives. Because reduction of honey yield also may be affected by other factors, such as location of the hives relative to a food source and vigor of the queen bee, the final assessment of honey yield was complicated.
authors.affiliation: John A. Mulrennan, Sr., Public Health Entomology Research and Education Center, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture, Florida A & M University, 4000 Frankford Avenue, Panama City, Florida 32405, USA. zhong_h99@popmail.firn.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Latham
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hester
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Frommer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brock
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000254:growth & development*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006722:Honey; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D009267:Naled / Q000506:poisoning*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009267:Naled