title: Effects of hypertonic/hyperoncotic treatment after rat cortical vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of hypertonic/hyperoncotic treatment on physiologic variables and regional cerebral blood flow and to test its neuroprotective efficiency in a model of permanent venous ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats, weighing 359 +/- 54 g (n = 38).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to photochemical occlusion of two adjacent cortical veins. A randomized infusion with vehicle (0.9% NaCl), 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200,000 (HES), or 7.5% saline plus 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200,000 (HHES) was started 30 mins after two-vein occlusion. Effects on physiologic variables and regional cerebral blood flow (assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry) were studied up to 120 mins after two-vein occlusion. Two days after occlusion, the brains were removed for histologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After occlusion, regional cerebral blood flow decreased by 50%, significantly in all groups (from 47.3 +/- 3 to 22.2 +/- 2.2 laser Doppler units). In the vehicle and HES groups, regional cerebral blood flow further decreased to 12.9 +/- 1.9 and 17.8 +/- 2.3 laser Doppler units, respectively. HHES improved regional cerebral blood flow significantly to 27.3 +/- 3.5 laser Doppler units, particularly by reducing no-flow/low-flow areas and reducing infarct size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that HHES reduced infarct size as a consequence of an improved regional cerebral blood flow and reduced no-flow/low-flow areas in the tissue at risk in the two-vein occlusion model.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alessandri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noppens
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kempski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic