title: [Sedation with intravenous midazolam during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--changes in hemodynamics, oxygen saturation and memory].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiorespiratory adverse effects are often observed in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation. In this study, we examined hemodynamics, oxygen saturation and memory during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation with intravenous midazolam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy outpatients without any obvious complications received intravenous midazolam 5 mg for sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Blood pressure, heart rate and percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured before, during and after endoscopy. After the arousal by intravenous flumazenil, we inquired the patients about the level of memory during the endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure decreased significantly two minutes after midazolam administration, but increased significantly after the insertion of an endoscope which was not different from the control value. Heart rate increased significantly one and three minutes after the insertion of the endoscope. SpO2 decreased significantly after midazolam administration and stayed at around 95%. No patients remembered the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sedation with intravenous midazolam during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is useful to control the cardiovascular responses, and to obtain amnesia. However, a decrease in SpO2 should be watched carefully.
authors.affiliation: Pain Relief Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655.
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuki
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gouda
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen