title: Association between apolipoprotein E alleles and calcific valvular heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on apolipoprotein E (apoE) alleles have reported an increased risk of coronary heart disease in patients with the apoE4 allele. Given the risk factor and histological similarities between coronary and calcific valvular heart disease (aortic stenosis [AS] and mitral annular calcification [MAC]), we postulated that apoE alleles might be associated with the development of these valvular lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated the association between apoE alleles and calcific valvular lesions in 802 patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography using logistic regression analyses. No difference was noted in genotype distribution (P=0.59) or prevalence of apoE4 between those with or without MAC (30% versus 27%, respectively; P=0.57). Compared with patients without AS, the genotype distribution of patients with AS differed significantly (P=0.03), with increasing prevalences of the apoE 4 allele (27% in those without versus 40% in those with AS; P=0.01). In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and coronary artery disease, increasing age and the apoE4 allele were significant independent predictors of AS (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 3.71; P=0.046), whereas the apoE4 allele was not predictive of MAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support extension of the importance of the apoE4 allele beyond atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease to calcific AS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Desk A-23, The Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, Fla 33331, USA. novarog@ccf.org
authors.forename: Gian M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Novaro
authors.forename: Ravish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sachar
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sprecher
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E