title: A photochemical study of (E,E,E,E)-2-[9-(2-hydroxyethyl)imino-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-decatrien-1-yl]- 1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene, a derivative of all-trans-retinal and ethanolamine.
abstract: A derivative of all-trans-retinal (RAL) and ethanolamine, A2-E, is the main fluorescent component of human retinal lipofuscin. The accumulation of lipofuscin has been correlated with exposure to ambient radiation and loss of photoreceptors. A possible precursor to A2-E is the imine formed from RAL and ethanolamine. This compound, (E,E,E,E)-2-[9-(2-hydroxyethyl)imino-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,5,7- decatrien-1-yl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene (HIDD), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The photophysical and photochemical properties of HIDD and its protonated form, HIDD-H+, have been investigated using steady-state and time-resolved methods. Both HIDD and HIDD-H+ are weakly fluorescent, and the fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield for HIDD are ca 0.6 ns and 4.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(-4), respectively. HIDD forms a triplet excited state on direct excitation that decays with kd = 3.4 x 10(4) s-1. The extinction coefficient and quantum yield of intersystem crossing for the HIDD triplet are measured as 7.6 +/- 1.3 x 10(4) M-1 cm-1 and 0.055 +/- 0.006, respectively. The triplet excited state of HIDD-H+ can be sensitized by triplet energy transfer and has a decay rate constant of 1.6 x 10(4) s-1. The lifetime of the HIDD triplet excited state is observed to decrease with increasing concentration of the well-known electron or hydrogen atom donors, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone, and the bimolecular rate constants for these reactions are approximately 5.4 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 1.7 x 10(8) M-1 s-1, respectively. These types of reactions may model photooxidative mechanisms of damage in the retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
authors.forename: Willa S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gaillard
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019856:Ethanolamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D005453:Fluorescence; D010777:Photochemistry; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C479486:(E,E,E,E)-2-(9-(2-hydroxyethyl)imino-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-decatrien-1-yl)- 1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene; D000475:Alkenes; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D019856:Ethanolamine; D012172:Retinaldehyde