title: Quantitative evaluation of the biocompatible and osteogenic properties of a range of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules using primary cultures of human osteoblasts and monocytes.
abstract: A range of 50% porous gamma-sterilized biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules, (20, 50, 80, and 100% tricalcium phosphate, TCP) were classified into two distinct size ranges, small 2-4 mm in diameter and large 4-6 mm in diameter, and their potential as bone graft extender materials was assessed in vitro using culture systems of primary-derived peripheral human blood monocytes and human osteoblasts isolated from bone. The effect of the in vitro culture conditions was evaluated prior to the introduction of the test substrates. The cellular response was assessed via quantification of viable cell adhesion to the materials, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production and release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The higher content TCP materials, 80% and 100% TCP, had a detrimental effect on viable cell adhesion after day 1, which was not related to calcium release from the granules within the local environment. TCP granules (20% and 50%) initiated a controlled level of inflammatory response that sustained and promoted viable macrophage adhesion throughout the test period, The percentage of TCP within the BCP granules was a governing factor in determining the cellular response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Engineering, Duncan Building, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK. jmerice@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gallagher
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010316:Particle Size; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D015232:Dinoprostone; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D002118:Calcium