title: Plasma total homocysteine in Mexican rural and urban women fed typical model diets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present work was to determine the fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and the time-course response of tHcy concentrations after the consumption of urban and rural Mexican model diets in two groups of Mexican women from urban and rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three adult women (age range = 18-49 y) were studied. Fifteen women were from a rural community in the state of Mexico. The other 18 were from cities and consumed diets that regularly included an important amount of animal foods. The study was designed as a two-period crossover study in which subjects consumed the model urban or rural diet in a 2-wk interval. Seven milliliters of venous blood was drawn before ingestion of experimental diets (basal) to measure total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, tHcy, folate, vitamin B12, and methionine. Blood samples were then obtained 30, 60, 90, 180, and 240 min after the beginning of meal consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rural and urban groups showed similar concentrations of tHcy 4 h after meal consumption and after fasting. However, the urban and rural groups had higher methionine plasma concentrations after the urban diet than after the rural diet. In contrast, there was no significant difference in methionine plasma levels between the rural and urban groups with each diet. Those women with low tHcy concentrations maintained those values over the study period, and those with high tHcy concentrations maintained those values. There was no significant difference in tHcy concentrations due to consumption of the two diets (P = 0.31) or the interaction between population and diet (P = 0.84). However, there was a significant difference in the concentration of tHcy between the rural (8.73 +/- 0.17 microM/L) and the urban (9.27 +/- 0.13 microM/L) populations (P = 0.01). In both groups, average tHcy concentration was in the normal range. In both populations, the nutrition status for folate and vitamin B12 was adequate, although plasma folate concentration was significantly lower in the rural population than in the urban population (P < 0.01). Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were similar in both groups. No subject had low plasma vitamin B12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma tHcy concentrations in rural and urban Mexican women were within the range considered adequate; however, urban women showed significant higher concentrations than did rural women independently of the consumed diet and the plasma methionine concentration. These results indicated that there is no short-term variation in plasma tHcy due to the consumption of rural or urban diets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencia Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico DF, Mexico. zrtovar@quetzal.innsz.mx
authors.forename: Armando R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: Nimbe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barrales-Benitez
authors.forename: Adriana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rosado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008715:Methionine / Q000097:blood; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012016:Reference Values; D012423:Rural Health; D014504:Urban Health; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D008715:Methionine; D014805:Vitamin B 12