title: Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en Y gastric bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate pre- and postoperative clinical parameters associated with improvement of diabetes up to 4 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The surgical treatment of morbid obesity leads to dramatic improvement in the comorbidity status of most patients with T2DM. However, little is known concerning what preoperative clinical factors are associated with postoperative long-term improvement in diabetes in the morbidly obese patient with diabetes. METHODS We evaluated pre- and postoperative data, including demographics, duration of diabetes, metabolic parameters, and clinical outcomes, in all patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type T2DM undergoing LRYGBP from July 1997 to May 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this 5-year period, 1160 patients underwent LRYGBP and 240 (21%) had IFG or T2DM. Follow up was possible in 191 of 240 patients (80%). There were 144 females (75%) with a mean preoperative age of 48 years (range, 26-67 years). After surgery, weight and body mass index decreased from 308 lbs and 50.1 kg/m2 to 211 lbs and 34 kg/m2 for a mean weight loss of 97 lbs and mean excess weight loss of 60%. Fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations returned to normal levels (83%) or markedly improved (17%) in all patients. A significant reduction in use of oral antidiabetic agents (80%) and insulin (79%) followed surgical treatment. Patients with the shortest duration (<5 years), the mildest form of T2DM (diet controlled), and the greatest weight loss after surgery were most likely to achieve complete resolution of T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRYGBP resulted in significant weight loss (60% percent of excess body weight loss) and resolution (83%) of T2DM. Patients with the shortest duration and mildest form of T2DM had a higher rate of T2DM resolution after surgery, suggesting that early surgical intervention is warranted to increase the likelihood of rendering patients euglycemic.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. schauerpr@msx.upmx.edu
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schauer
authors.forename: Bartolome
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burguera
authors.forename: Sayeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikramuddin
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cottam
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gourash
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattar
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barinas-Mitchel
authors.forename: R Harsha
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Lewis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin