title: Surgeon-led initiatives cut costs and enhance the quality of endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Public perception depicts surgical cost control and quality of care as polar opposites. We describe a program led by practicing surgeons that demonstrates that quality can be maintained, and often improved, while substantial cost reductions are realized.
  
  
  METHODS
  A set of evidence-based protocols was developed, revised, and followed for 42 procedures in general, otolaryngologic, urologic, and orthopedic surgery. Each protocol consists of surgeon-initiated guidelines on operative indications, preoperative testing, preadmission planning, length of stay, resource utilization, convalescence, and pharmacy services. Information was collected for 24 months from July 1998 to July 2000 by 62 surgeons in Kentucky and Indiana. Data were obtained for 4302 cases, among them colonoscopy (1145), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (714), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (418), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (235), and laparoscopic fundoplication (87).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific cost reductions occurred in laparoscopic cholecystectomy by limiting the administration of perioperative antibiotics. Sixty-seven percent of patients did not receive antibiotics. Outpatient cholecystectomy was the norm (60%), due primarily to preadmission planning through discussion with the patients and their family. Interestingly, when surgeons were educated on the costs of certain instruments and medications, their practices changed. The avoidance of a particular postoperative antiemetic, which was more than tenfold more expensive than other choices, was rapidly adopted by all surgeons when the costs were discovered. One participating teaching hospital used its own financial data and predicted that if all surgeons at their facility followed the protocols and had similar results, a savings of dollar 1.1 million per quarter would be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Center for Advanced Surgical Technologies of Norton Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Thomas X
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: Hiram C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Polk
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000191:economics; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003363:Cost Control; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000191:economics; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards*; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D011787:Quality of Health Care
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000932:Antiemetics