Effusion cytology in ovarian cancer: new molecular methods as aids to diagnosis and prognosis.
Carcinoma of the ovary is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in western countries. Ovarian carcinoma is commonly associated with the accumulation of fluid that contains malignant cells in the peritoneal and pleural cavities. This article details the current knowledge regarding the diagnostic and biologic characteristics of ovarian carcinoma cells in effusions, and the genotypic and phenotypic differences between solid primary tumors and metastatic lesions. Finally, we present a new approach, by which the analysis of fresh frozen viable cells allows us to study in vivo the links between expression and activity of extracellular mediators, membrane receptors, intracellular signaling, and transcription factors, and their potential therapeutic and prognostic significance.
Davidson
Ben
B
Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello N-0310 Oslo, Norway. bend@ulrik.uio.no
Risberg
Björn
B
Reich
Reuven
R
Berner
Aasmund
A
D003585:Cell Biology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis