title: Cytokines in periradicular lesions: the effect of linezolid treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to quantify the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (RA), IL-6, and transforming growth factor beta(1) found in extracts of inflammatory periapical tissues and to study the effect of a new antibiotic (linezolid) on the levels of these cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with root-filled teeth with persisting periapical pathoses were randomly divided into a control group or an antibiotic group. One tooth from each of the patients was resected at the root-end, and the periapical tissue was collected. IL-1RA, IL-6, and TGF-beta(1) were quantified in tissue extracts through the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurable amounts of all 3 cytokines were found in all extracts. A statistically significant reduction in IL-1RA per milliliter was observed in the linezolid group in comparison with the control group (P <.05). The difference in variation of IL-1RA in the treatment and control groups was also highly statistically significant (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although drawn from a limited sample size, the results indicate that IL-1RA is a sensitive indicator of the effect of antibacterial treatment on the immune response in periapical inflammatory tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. john.danin@ofa.ki.se
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danin
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Gösta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wretlind
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016207:Cytokines; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000069349:Linezolid