title: Copper response element and Crr1-dependent Ni(2+)-responsive promoter for induced, reversible gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
abstract: The Cpx1 and Cyc6 genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are activated in copper-deficient cells via a signal transduction pathway that requires copper response elements (CuREs) and a copper response regulator defined by the CRR1 locus. The two genes can also be activated by provision of nickel or cobalt ions in the medium. The response to nickel ions requires at least one CuRE and also CRR1 function, suggesting that nickel interferes with a component in the nutritional copper signal transduction pathway. Nickel does not act by preventing copper uptake/utilization because (i) holoplastocyanin formation is unaffected in Ni(2+)-treated cells and (ii) provision of excess copper cannot reverse the Ni-dependent activation of the target genes. The CuRE is sufficient for conferring Ni-responsive expression to a reporter gene, which suggests that the system has practical application as a vehicle for inducible gene expression. The inducer can be removed either by replacing the medium or by chelating the inducer with excess EDTA, either of which treatments reverses the activation of the target genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kropat
authors.forename: Sabeeha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merchant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003304:Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045365:Cytochromes c6 / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D045365:Cytochromes c6; D010940:Plant Proteins; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; C409675:CRD1 protein, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D003304:Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase