title: Complications in bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis using internal devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the possibility of distraction osteogenesis as an alternative to conventional bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Complications (intraoperative, intradistraction, and postdistraction) were evaluated retrospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy consecutive patients (40 males and 30 females, 11.2-37.3 years old; mean, 14.2 years) underwent distraction osteogenesis to lengthen the mandible. The surgical procedure was carried out with the patient under general anesthesia. After the osteotomy was performed, 2 intraoral monodirectional distraction devices were placed on the mandibular cortex in the third molar region. The rate of distraction was 1 mm/day. The different complications encountered during all phases of the distraction procedure were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 28 complications (40%) were recorded. In 10 patients (14.3%), the complications were technique- or device-related, or both, and occurred early in the learning period. Five patients (7.1%) had infection occur, and 3 patients (4.3%) had prolonged sensory loss in the distribution of the alveolar nerve. Severe complications occurred in 6 patients (8.6%). Rehospitalization was necessary in 5 patients (7.1%), 4 of whom (5.7% of the series) required further surgery under general anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distraction osteogenesis can be considered a safe and predictable procedure for lengthening the mandible, with a low incidence of major complications. The infection rate and the incidence of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (2.1%) are low. Compliance of both patients and parents during the whole treatment period is of the utmost importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands. strijenp@zgv.nl
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Strijen
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Breuning
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Becking
authors.forename: F B T
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Perdijk
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Tuinzing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000209:etiology; D016268:Internal Fixators / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000379:methods*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology