title: Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals with controlled defects by use of multiple exposures and direct write.
abstract: We have developed an approach for relatively rapid and easy fabrication of large-area two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal structures with controlled defects in the lattice. The technique is based on the combination of two lithographic steps in UV-sensitive SU-8 photoresist. First, multiple exposures of interference fringes are used in combination with precise rotation of the sample to define a 2-D lattice of holes. Second, a strongly focused UV laser beam is used to define line-defect waveguides by localized exposure in the recorded but not yet developed lattice from the first step. After development, the mask is transferred into a GaAs substrate with dry etching in chemically assisted ion-beam etching.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA. lpang@ece.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yeshaiahu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fainman