title: Small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K+ channels provide different facets of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in rat mesenteric artery.
abstract: Activation of both small-conductance (SKCa) and intermediate-conductance (IKCa) Ca2+-activated K+ channels in endothelial cells leads to vascular smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. The contribution that each endothelial K+ channel type makes to the smooth muscle hyperpolarization is unknown. In the presence of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, ACh evoked endothelium and concentration-dependent smooth muscle hyperpolarization, increasing the resting potential (approx. -53 mV) by around 20 mV at 3 microM. Similar hyperpolarization was evoked with cyclopiazonic acid (10 microM, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)) while 1-EBIO (300 microM, an IKCa activator) only increased the potential by a few millivolts. Hyperpolarization in response to either ACh or CPA was abolished with apamin (50 nM, an SKCa blocker) but was unaltered by 1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (1 microM TRAM-34, an IKCa blocker). During depolarization and contraction in response to phenylephrine (PE), ACh still increased the membrane potential to around -70 mV, but with apamin present the membrane potential only increased just beyond the original resting potential (circa -58 mV). TRAM-34 alone did not affect hyperpolarization to ACh but, in combination with apamin, ACh-evoked hyperpolarization was completely abolished. These data suggest that true endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells in response to ACh is attributable to SKCa channels, whereas IKCa channels play an important role during the ACh-mediated repolarization phase only observed following depolarization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dora
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Garland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D011720:Pyrazoles; C411671:TRAM 34; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D001030:Apamin; C000543:cyclopiazonic acid