title: Evaluation of minimally invasive therapies and rationale for a prospective randomized trial to evaluate selective intra-arterial lysis for clinically complete central retinal artery occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of commonly used minimally invasive treatments for clinically complete nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and design a prospective randomized trial to evaluate selective intra-arterial lysis for this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective noncomparative case series, all medical records of patients with a diagnosis of CRAO treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, from 1994 through 1999 were reviewed for treatments administered and course of visual acuity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at initial and last visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 102 patient medical records; 71 were suitable for further analysis. Forty-four (62%) of the 71 patients included were treated with oral acetylsalicylate; 44 (62%), with oral acetazolamide; 32 (45%), with ocular massage; 22 (31%), with isovolemic hemodilution; 19 (27%), with oral pentoxifylline; 8 (11%), with topical beta-blocker; 6 (8%), with paracentesis of the anterior chamber; 4 (6%), with subcutaneous heparin. A mean +/- SD number of treatments of 2.5 +/- 1.4 was administered per patient, and BCVA increased by a mean +/- SD number of Snellen lines of 0.7 +/- 2.8. The BCVA in 11 patients (15%) increased by 3 or more lines. Multivariate stepwise regression did not reveal any single or combination treatment as a significant factor for improvement in BCVA. Patient age and duration of visual impairment before initial examination were not significant predictors of final BCVA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Commonly used minimally invasive treatments of CRAO do not improve the natural course of the disease. A prospective trial by the European Assessment Group for Lysis in the Eye is under way to evaluate selective intra-arterial lysis, and in this trial some of these minimally invasive treatments are used in the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. amueller@helios-med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Aljoscha S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: Anselm
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampik
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000379:methods; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000379:methods; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D006493:Heparin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D000086:Acetazolamide; D001241:Aspirin; D010431:Pentoxifylline