title: Properties of the temperament and character inventory in a Chinese sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of language and culture on the temperament and character (TCI) measure in a Chinese sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  We translated the TCI into Mandarin and had a non-psychiatric sample of Malaysian Chinese subjects complete the TCI at baseline and at a 1-month retest, with subsets completing English or Mandarin versions alternatively or on both occasions. Analyses examine the TCI factor structure and any impact of language and culture on TCI scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified age, gender, occupation and language effects on TCI scale scores. Test-retest reliability was high and not compromised by language. Scale internal consistency was also high. Factor analyses of separate sets of TCI scales corresponded strongly to the structure identified in the TCI development studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that TCI is likely to have applicability to Chinese subjects, and argue against properties being constrained by the English language or by western culture.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Mood Disorders Unit, Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, Australia. g.parker@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Cheah
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results