title: Stable tracer investigations in humans for assessing the biokinetics of ruthenium and zirconium radionuclides.
abstract: The interest in the biokinetics of ruthenium and zirconium in humans is justified by the potential radiological risk represented by their radionuclides. Only a few data related to the biokinetics of ruthenium and zirconium in humans are available and, accordingly, the biokinetic models currently recommended by the ICRP for these elements are mainly based on data from animal experiments. The use of stable isotopes as tracers, coupled with a proper analytical technique (nuclear activation analysis with protons) for their determination in biological samples, represents an ethically acceptable methodology for biokinetic investigations, being free from any radiation risk for the volunteer subjects. In this work, the results obtained in eight biokinetic investigations for ruthenium, conducted on a total of three healthy volunteers, and six for zirconium, performed on a total of three subjects, are presented and compared to the predictions of the ICRP models.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Sezione di Fisica Medica, via Celoria 16, 1-20133 Milano, Italy. ivan.veronese@unimi.it
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cantone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giussani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Birattari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groppi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garlaschelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Höllriegl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Louvat
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Felgenhauer
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zilker
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011865:Radioisotope Dilution Technique; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes; D015040:Zirconium