title: Mother-newborn contact in a randomized trial of kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the type and percent time of contact 0-48 hours postbirth for mother-preterm newborn (infant) dyads given kangaroo care (skin-to-skin) or standard care (controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial with assignment by computerized minimization to kangaroo care (n = 48) or control (n = 43).
  
  
  METHODS
  Postpartum units and neonatal intensive-care units (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants 32 to less than 37 weeks gestation and their mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kangaroo (skin-to-skin, SS) care (KC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Type and percent time of mother-infant contact (SS versus holding wrapped in blankets).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses were based on four groups: assignment for infants in each group to postpartum or NICU. For KC dyads, SS postpartum was 22.0%; SS NICU was 7.5%. KC wrapped holding postpartum was 11.6%; NICU was 1.8%. For control dyads, wrapped holding postpartum was 13.9%; NICU was 6.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amount of SS was much less than expected. Reasons include unavailability of infants or mothers and hospital staff interrupting contact. However, KC postpartum dyads were held wrapped almost as often as control postpartum dyads. Total contact time for KC dyads (SS plus wrapped) was more than double that of controls. These data suggest that hospital and social supports for families are needed to facilitate early initiation of SS, prolonged periods of mother-infant SS contact, and reduction of maternal stress.
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA. gca@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: Gene Cranston
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Sheau-Huey
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Mary Alice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dombrowski
authors.forename: Joan Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Swinth
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007224:Infant Care / Q000523:psychology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D017283:Neonatal Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D014110:Touch; D016896:Treatment Outcome