title: Anthropometry and body composition of 18 year old men according to duration of breast feeding: birth cohort study from Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between duration of breast feeding and measures of adiposity in adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based birth cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelotas, a city of 320 000 inhabitants in a relatively developed area in southern Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  All newborn infants in the city's hospitals were enrolled in 1982; 78.8% (2250) of all male participants were located at age 18 years when enrolling in the national army.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight, height, sitting height, subscapular and triceps skinfolds, and body composition (body fat, lean mass).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither the duration of total breast feeding nor that of predominant breast feeding (breast milk plus non-nutritive fluids) showed consistent associations with anthropometric or body composition indices. After adjustment for confounding factors, the only significant associations were a greater than 50% reduction in obesity among participants breast fed for three to five months compared with all other breastfeeding categories (P = 0.007) and a linear decreasing trend in obesity with increasing duration of predominant breast feeding (P = 0.03). Similar significant effects were not observed for other measures of adiposity. Borderline direct associations also occurred between total duration of breast feeding and adult height (P = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant reduction in obesity among children breast fed for three to five months is difficult to interpret, as no a priori hypothesis existed regarding a protective effect of intermediate duration of breast feeding. The findings indicate that, in this population, breast feeding has no marked protective effect against adolescent adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CP 464, 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. cvictora@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Cesar G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Victora
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Rosângela C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Bernardo L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013997:Time Factors