Interventions aimed at improving reading success: an evidence-based approach.
There is a consensus among researchers about the critical elements for effective reading instruction. These elements are the integration of explicit instruction in the alphabetic principle, reading for meaning, and opportunity to learn. These critical elements are present in classroom instruction that prevents reading difficulties as well as effective small-group and one-on-one interventions. Research on effective classroom instruction and reading interventions is described, and the case is argued that the most effective intervention is provided early--in kindergarten through 2nd grade--rather than after 3rd grade, and allows for sufficient intensity, duration, and supportiveness that no child is left behind. Policy implications for changes in (a) the way learning disabilities are identified and (b) the content of professional development of teachers are discussed.
Foorman
Barbara R
BR
Department of Pediatrics and Center for Academic Reading Skills, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, 77030, USA. Barbara.R.Foorman@uth.tmc.edu
Breier
Joshua I
JI
Fletcher
Jack M
JM
D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000628:therapy*; D004519:Education, Special; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006291:Health Policy; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities; D011584:Psychology / Q000266:history; D011932:Reading; D012073:Remedial Teaching