Reduction of postoperative adhesions by N,O-carboxymethylchitosan and spermine NONOate in rats.
BACKGROUND
Postsurgical adhesions can occur following virtually all types of surgery, resulting in serious clinical complications. Therefore, prevention of adhesions is an important goal of surgical practice. A rat uterine horn model was used to investigate the efficacy of N,O-carboxymethylchitosan (NOCC) and spermine NONOate (SPER/NO) alone and in combination in preventing adhesion formation.


METHODS
Sixty Wistar albino rats underwent bilateral uterine horn injury with a unipolar cautery. Study groups were as follows: (i) control group, no adjuvant therapy; and those with adjuvant applied, (ii) normal saline group, 2 ml of normal saline was given; (iii) NOCC group, 2 ml of 2% NOCC gel was given; (iv) SPER/NO group, 2 ml of SPER/NO (0.5 mg/ml) was given, and (v) NOCC plus SPER/NO group, 2 ml of 2% NOCC gel including SPER/NO (0.5 mg/ml) was given. After 14 days, all animals were euthanatized, and a standard adhesion scoring system including extent and severity scores was applied by a blinded examiner.


RESULTS
The extent score in NOCC plus SPER/NO group was significantly lower than those of control and normal saline groups (p < 0.05). The extent score in NOCC group was significantly lower than that of normal saline group (p < 0.05). The extent score in NOCC plus SPER/NO group was significantly lower than that of SPER/NO group (p < 0.05). The severity score was significantly lower in NOCC plus SPER/NO and NOCC groups than that of control group (p < 0.05). The severity score was significantly lower in NOCC plus SPER/NO group than that of SPER/NO group (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative administration of NOCC gel and SPER/NO alone and especially in combination to the site of peritoneal injury reduces the formation of adhesions in the rat uterine horn model.
Duran
Bulent
B
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
Ak
Dogan
D
Cetin
Ali
A
Guvenal
Tevfik
T
Cetin
Meral
M
Imir
Ayse Gonca
AG
D000818:Animals; D002686:Chitin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013096:Spermine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control
D005782:Gels; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; C077199:O,N-carboxymethylchitosan; C091861:spermine nitric oxide complex; D002686:Chitin; D013096:Spermine; D048271:Chitosan