title: Inhibitory effects of grape seed extract on lipases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase in vitro and evaluate its potential application as a treatment for obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crushed grape seeds were extracted in ethanol, and the extract was assayed for the measurement of inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities and on lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GSE rich in bioactive phytochemicals showed inhibitory activity on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase, thus suggesting that GSE might be useful as a treatment to limit dietary fat absorption and the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue. The observed reduction in intracellular lipolytic activity of cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes may reduce the levels of circulating free fatty acids that have been linked to insulin resistance in obese patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GSE rich in compounds that inhibit lipases may provide a safe, natural, and cost-effective weight control treatment.
authors.affiliation: Biotech Center, Cook College, Rutgers--The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA. moreno@aesop.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Nebojsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ilic
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulev
authors.forename: Dawn L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brasaemle
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008049:Lipase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase