title: Human biomonitoring of pyrethrum and pyrethroid insecticides used indoors: determination of the metabolites E-cis/trans-chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization.
abstract: This work describes a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method employing negative chemical ionization (NCI) for the determination of E-cis/trans-chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid (CDCA) in human urine used as a biomarker for the exposure to pyrethrum and/or certain pyrethroids in insecticide formulations applied indoors. Mixed-mode solid phase extraction was utilized for sample cleanup. Extraction recoveries ranged from 92 to 104% (2-9% R.S.D.). The acids were esterified with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) allowing both their gas chromatographic separation and their sensitive mass spectrometric detection under NCI conditions. Detection limits of ca. 0.05 microg/l urine were achieved.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elflein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berger-Preiss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elend
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Levsen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wünsch
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C007051:chrysanthemic acid