title: Suppression versus induction of androgen receptor functions by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in prostate cancer LNCaP cells with different passage numbers.
abstract: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway controls several important biological functions, such as cell growth regulation, apoptosis, and migration. However, the way in which PI3K/Akt controls androgen receptor (AR)-mediated prostate cancer cell growth remains unclear and controversial. Here, we demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt pathway regulates AR activity in a cell passage number-dependent manner. Specifically, PI3K/Akt pathway can suppress AR activity in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells with low passage numbers. In contrast, it can also enhance AR activity in LNCaP cells with high passage numbers. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that insulin-like growth factor-1 can activate the PI3K/Akt pathway that results in the phosphorylation of AR at Ser210 and Ser790. The consequence of these events may then change the stability of AR protein. Together, our results demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt pathway may have distinct mechanisms to modulate AR functions in various stages of prostate cancer cells and that a combined therapy of antiandrogens and anti-PI3K/Akt inhibitors may be worth considering as a future therapeutic approach to battle prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, and The Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Hui-Kuan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yueh-Chiang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altuwaijri
authors.forename: Yen-Ta
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Yo
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Chawnshang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C065700:myotrophin; C494918:AKT1 protein, human