title: Substances which inhibit ice nucleation: a review.
abstract: There are a number of substances described in the published literature which inhibit ice nucleation. Certain bacterial strains, mostly found among the nonfluorescent pseudomonade species, release material into the growth medium which reduces the nucleation temperature of water droplets to below that of distilled water. Extracts from the seeds of food crops including apricot, peach and plum can reduce the nucleation temperature of water droplets and dispersions of silver iodide. Antifreeze glycoproteins can reduce the nucleation temperature of saline solutions. Antifreeze proteins can inhibit the activity of some biological ice nucleators but not others. Certain novel polymers have been shown to inhibit the nucleation activity of dispersions of silver iodide and ice-nucleating bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Unilever, R & D Colworth, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, UK.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D007053:Ice; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D007053:Ice; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers