title: Triple antiplatelet therapy during percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with improved outcomes including one-year survival: results from the Do Tirofiban and ReoProGive Similar Efficacy Outcome Trial (TARGET).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine if clopidogrel treatment initiated before coronary stenting improved clinical outcomes among patients receiving aspirin and a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Antiplatelet therapy plays a pivotal role in contemporary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes among 4,809 patients randomized to tirofiban or abciximab during PCI with stent placement were compared according to whether they received 300 mg of clopidogrel before PCI (93.1%) versus immediately after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day primary composite end point (death, myocardial infarction [MI], or urgent target vessel revascularization [TVR]) was lower among clopidogrel-pretreated patients (6.6% vs. 10.4%, p = 0.009), mainly because of reduction of MI (6.0% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.012). The benefit of clopidogrel pretreatment was sustained at six months (death, MI, any TVR: 14.6% vs. 19.8%, HR = 0.71, p = 0.010), and this was due mainly to lowering of death and MI (7.8% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.001). At one year, clopidogrel pretreatment was associated with a lower mortality rate (1.7% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.011). Because clopidogrel pretreatment was not randomized, multivariable and propensity analyses were performed. After adjusting for baseline heterogeneity, clopidogrel pretreatment was an independent predictor for death or MI at 30 days (HR = 0.63, p = 0.012) and at six months (HR = 0.61, p = 0.003), and survival at one year (HR = 0.53, p = 0.044). No excess in 30-day bleeding events was noted with clopidogrel pretreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients undergoing coronary stent placement with aspirin and a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor, clopidogrel pretreatment is associated with a reduction of death and MI irrespective of the type of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Albert W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moliterno
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: DiBattiste
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yakubov
authors.forename: Shelly K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sapp
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolski
authors.forename: Deepak L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008145:Louisiana; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009519:New York City; D009820:Ohio; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011292:Premedication; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077466:Tirofiban; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D014443:Tyrosine; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000077466:Tirofiban; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin; D000077284:Abciximab