title: Frequency of polymorphisms of genes coding for HIV-1 co-receptors CCR5 and CCR2 in a Brazilian population.
abstract: Entry of human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) into target cells requires both CD(4)and one of the chemokine receptors. Viruses predominantly use one, or occasionally both, of the major co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, although other receptors, including CCR2B and CCR3, function as minor co-receptors. A 32-nucleotide deletion (D32) within the b-chemokine receptor 5 gene (CCR5) has been described in subjects who remain uninfected despite extensive exposition to HIV-1. The heterozygous genotype delays disease progression. This allele is common among Caucasians, but has not been found in people of African or Asian ancestry. A more common transition involving a valine to isoleucine switch in transmembrane domain I of CCR2B (64I), with unknown functional consequences, was found to delay disease progression but not to reduce infection risk. As the Brazilian population consists of a mixture of several ethnic groups, we decided to examine the genotype frequency of these polymorphisms in this country. There were 11.5% CCR5 heterozygotes among the HIV-1 infected population and 12.5% among uninfected individuals, similar to data from North America and Western Europe. The prevalence of CCR2-64I homozygotes and heterozygotes was 0.06 and 15.2%, respectively, also similar to what is known for North America and Western Europe.
authors.affiliation: Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munerato
authors.forename: Maria Lúcia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Maria Cecília Araripe
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sucupira
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pardini
authors.forename: Gedson Humberto Novaes
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catroxo
authors.forename: Inara Espinelli
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Ricardo Sobhie
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C515334:CCR2 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine