Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in young adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To assess prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms in young adolescents and examine associations between symptoms and sociodemographic and behavioral factors.


METHODS
Cross-sectional survey data from 3621 seventh grade students from 16 middle schools were analyzed.


RESULTS
Elevated depressive symptoms were reported by 40% of girls and 30% of boys. Socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and age group were independently associated with depressive symptomatology. For girls, monthly alcohol use, monthly smoking, heavy drinking, and inhalant use were significant correlates. For boys, monthly alcohol use and inhalant use were significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Elevated depressive symptomatology was a prevalent problem. Substance use was often associated with depressive symptoms, especially among girls.
Kubik
Martha Y
MY
School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. kubik002@tc.umn.edu
Lytle
Leslie A
LA
Birnbaum
Amanda S
AS
Murray
David M
DM
Perry
Cheryl L
CL
D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*