title: Vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphism and blood lead concentration in children.
abstract: Variation in blood lead concentration is caused by a complex interaction of environmental, social, nutritional, and genetic factors. We evaluated the association between blood lead concentration and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism. Environmental samples and blood were analyzed for lead, nutritional and behavioral factors were assessed, and VDR -Fok1 genotype was determined in 245 children. We found a significant interaction between floor dust lead and genotype on blood lead concentration. For every 1 microg/ft(2) increase in floor dust, children with VDR -FF genotype had a 1.1% increase in blood lead [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-1.5], VDR -Ff, 0.53% increase (95% CI, 0.1-0.92), and VDR -ff, 3.8% increase (95% CI, 1.2-6.3); however, at floor dust levels < 10 microg/ft(2), children with VDR -ff had the lowest blood lead concentrations. These data suggest that VDR -Fok1 is an effect modifier of the relationship of floor dust lead exposure and blood lead concentration.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center and General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. erin.haynes@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Erin N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kalkwarf
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wenstrup
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Bruce P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lanphear
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D007854:Lead