title: Prospective analysis of accuracy of positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasonography in staging of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exact preoperative staging of esophageal cancer is essential for accurate prognosis and selection of appropriate treatment modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction suitable for radical esophageal resection were staged with positron emission tomography (PET), spiral computed tomography (CT), and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnostic sensitivity for the primary tumor was 83% for PET and 67% for CT; for local peritumoral lymph node metastasis, it was 37% for PET and 89% for EUS; and for distant metastasis, it was 47% for PET and 33% for CT. Diagnostic specificity for local lymph node metastasis was 100% with PET and 54% with EUS, and for distant metastasis, it was 89% for PET and 96% for CT. Accuracy for locoregional lymph node metastasis was 63% for PET, 66% for CT, and 75% for EUS, and for distant metastasis, it was 74% with PET and 74% with CT. Of the 10 patients who were considered inoperable during surgery, PET identified 7 and CT 4. The false-negative diagnoses of stage IV disease in PET were peritoneal carcinomatosis in two patients, abdominal para-aortic cancer growth in one, metastatic lymph nodes by the celiac artery in four, and metastases in the pancreas in one. PET showed false-positive lymph nodes at the jugulum in three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic value of PET in the staging of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction is limited because of low accuracy in staging of paratumoral and distant lymph nodes. PET does, however, seem to detect organ metastases better than CT.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jari V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: Eero I T
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Sihvo
authors.forename: M Juhani
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Knuuti
authors.forename: Heikki R I
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Minn
authors.forename: Markku E S
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Luostarinen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laippala
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Viljanen
authors.forename: Jarmo A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Salo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019160:Endosonography; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals