title: Anthrax toxin induces hemolysis: an indirect effect through polymorphonuclear cells.
abstract: Anthrax toxin can induce hemolysis in the presence of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), an activity primarily mediated by protective antigen, with synergic effects provided by lethal factor and edema factor. Lethal factor and edema factor, individually or in combination, are incapable of lysing red blood cells. The requirement for the presence of PMNs indicates that hemolysis associated with Bacillus anthracis infection is indirect rather than direct, as observed in many other bacterial infections.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Biosystems Inc, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA. aiguo.wu@analex.com.
authors.forename: Aiguo G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Darya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alibek
authors.forename: Yue Lydia
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bradburne
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alibek
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006454:Hemoglobins; C030325:anthrax toxin