title: The effects of double-shifts (15.5 hours) on sleep, fatigue and health.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate how "double-shifts" (15.5 hours) affects sleep, fatigue and self-rated health. The study was carried out on male construction workers of which 80% were long-distance commuters. The schedule involved two work periods and each work period involved two double shifts in a row. The subjects filled in a sleep/wake diary at 8 times across a year and a questionnaire at 3 times. They also wore an actigraph during one shift cycle. The results showed that sleepiness, and to a certain extent, mental fatigue increased during double shifts and accumulated across days. The short rest time (8.5 hours) between days caused insufficient sleep and approximately 5.5 hours of sleep was obtained between double shifts. Questionnaire data showed that complaints of insufficient sleep, exhaustion on awakening and pain symptoms increased across the year. It was concluded that a shift system involving double shifts has a negative effect on fatigue, recovery and health-related well-being.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kecklund
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekstedt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akerstedt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samuelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005222:Mental Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013548:Sweden; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000523:psychology*