title: Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp: a multidisciplinary approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiosarcoma is a malignant tumor of vascular endothelial cells that arises in the head and neck. It is a rare, difficult to treat, and lethal tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data from patients who were diagnosed with angiosarcoma of the scalp between 1975 and 2002 at the University of Michigan were reviewed. Analysis was performed to assess for factors impacting time to recurrence and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was comprised of 29 patients with a median age of 71.0 years. Most patients presented after a delay in diagnosis with either a bruise-like macule (48.3%) or a nonbruise-like nodule (51.7%). Seventy-five percent of patients had pathologic Stage T2 disease, and 76% of patients had high-grade tumors. Virtually all patients underwent surgical excision (96.6%); however, negative surgical margins were achieved in only 21.4% of patients. Multiple lesions on presentation were associated with a shorter time to recurrence (P = 0.02). The median actuarial survival was 28.4 months. Younger patients and patients with Stage T1 disease had improved survival (P = 0.024 and P = 0.013, respectively). Radiation therapy was associated significantly with a decreased chance of death (hazard ratio, 0.16; P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although surgery remains the first option for the treatment of patients with angiosarcoma of the scalp, achieving negative margins often is impossible. Patients who are younger and who have less extensive disease fare better. Postoperative radiation therapy should be employed routinely, as it may lead to improved survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.forename: Augusto F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.forename: Cornelius J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.forename: Laurence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Jeffery S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Riley
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Vernon K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sondak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012535:Scalp; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate