Neurotransmission and neurotoxicity by nitric oxide, catecholamines, and glutamate: unifying themes of reactive oxygen species and electron transfer.
This review treats the mechanism of nitric oxide, catecholamines, and glutamate as important neurotransmitters and as neurotoxins, based on involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electron transfer (ET). ROS and ET can serve as a unifying framework for both transmission and toxicity, with ROS concentration being a crucial issue. Cell signaling, electrochemistry, antioxidants, and apoptosis are also discussed.
Jacintho
Jason D
JD
Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
Kovacic
Peter
P
D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology*; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005971:Glutamates / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D002395:Catecholamines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005971:Glutamates; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide