title: Effects of a caffeine-free Cola nitida nuts extract on elastase/alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor balance.
abstract: In an infection, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) become activated and they produce oxidizing compounds and elastase in the extracellular medium. Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1PI), a protease inhibitor which is inactivated by oxidants, is the main endogenous inhibitor of elastase helping to limit excessive elastase activity. This study evaluates the ability of a plant extract, Cola nitida nuts, to protect alpha1PI from inactivation by oxidizing compounds as reactive oxygen species. On the one hand, we have evaluated the direct effect of cola nut extract on neutrophil elastase, and on the H(2)O(2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H(2)O(2) system via cell-free systems. Results showed that cola nut extract scavenges H(2)O(2) and therefore protects alpha1PI from HOCl which is produced from the MPO-H(2)O(2) system. Experiments also showed that cola extract has the capacity to limit elastase activity. On the other hand, we have worked on cellular systems including isolated PMN with the aim to study the effect of cola extract on PMN metabolism. PMN were stimulated with PMA, calcium ionophore or fMLP. Each stimulant possesses its own stimulation pathway. According to the inhibitory concentration obtained at 50%, the results on cellular systems led to the conclusion that cola extract can reduce elastase liberation from PMN. It can then be concluded that cola nut extract can protect alpha1PI from inactivation, and has an effect both on elastase liberation and elastase activity. The cola nut extract effect is rather biased towards a reduction in elastase release, thus limiting the injurious effects caused by this enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Pharmacie Clinique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, BP 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Dominique A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Daels-Rakotoarison
authors.forename: Gisèle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kouakou
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gressier
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dine
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luyckx
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bailleul
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trotin
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D030221:Cola; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009754:Nuts; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020536:Enzyme Activators; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007476:Ionophores; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D000001:Calcimycin; D002110:Caffeine; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; C049813:N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-lysine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate