title: HIV infection risk, behaviors, and attitudes about testing: are perceptions changing?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People at high risk for HIV infection could be increasing their risk behaviors, especially now that improved treatments for HIV infection are available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to investigate whether risk behaviors, perceptions of personal risk for HIV infection, and attitudes toward HIV testing among high-risk persons in Oregon differed in 1996 and 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the HIV Testing Survey (HITS), a cross-sectional survey administered to HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual adults at high-risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and intravenous drug users (IDUs) at high risk for HIV infection in 1996 (HITS-I), were compared with data from a similar group surveyed in 1998 (HITS-II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proportions of participants reporting specific risk behaviors remained relatively constant in 1996 and 1998. Personal risk of HIV infection was perceived as low by 54% of HITS-II participants and 61.2% of HITS-I participants (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-1.7). IDUs in HITS-II were more likely than IDUs in HITS-I to perceive their risk as low (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persons at high risk might underestimate their risk for HIV infection while practicing risky behaviors. The prevalence of risk behaviors in these populations could be considered the baseline against which to measure future prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. adamsan@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Annette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lapidus
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Modesitt
authors.forename: J Stan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Mark O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Loveless
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D015438:Health Behavior; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000821:virology