title: [Urate transporter and renal hypouricemia].
abstract: Urate, a purine metabolite, is a cause of gout(hyperuricemia), which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Urate is a scavenger of reactive oxygen radicals that are involved in numerous diseases. Because humans have a renal urate reabsorption system and have lost hepatic uricase by mutational silencing in evolution, urate is present in human blood at high levels. We identified the long-hypothesized urate transporter in the human kidney (URAT1, encoded by SLC22A12), a urate anion exchanger regulating blood urate levels and targeted it with uricosuric and antiuricosuric agents. Moreover, we demonstrated that patients with renal hypouricemia have mutational defects in SLC22A12.
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University Hospital, Department of Clinical Preventive Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Thosimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endou
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D006073:Gout / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; C491241:SLC22A12 protein, human; C103862:urate transporter; D014527:Uric Acid