title: Description of microangiopathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 19-year retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to estimate the outcome of patients with type 1 diabetes followed in a university hospital in the paediatric department and then in the adult diabetic department for at least 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We made a retrospective analysis of 50 patients (28 women and 22 men) with type 1 diabetes with disease duration of 19 +/- 6 years and analysed whether retinopathy and nephropathy had progressed, had remained unchanged or had improved or normalised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of diabetes onset was 8 +/- 4 years (1-16). Ketoacidosis revealed diabetes in 36% of the children. Mean HbA(1c) was 8.6 +/- 1.8%, and was over 8.5% in 34% of the patients. The mean age at onset of puberty (Tanner stage II) was 12 +/- 1 years in girls and 13 +/- 1 years in boys. Mean HbA(1c) was 7.9 +/- 1.2% during the year before onset of puberty and 8.7 +/- 1.1% in the following 3 years, corresponding to a 10% pubertal increase in HbA(1c). Retinopathy was seen in 50% of the patients at a mean age of 22 +/- 5 years, 15 +/- 6 years after onset of diabetes. Mean HbA(1c) was 9.7 +/- 1.6% in patients with proliferative retinopathy, 9.0 +/- 1.5% in patients with non proliferative retinopathy, and 8.1 +/- 1.3% in those without (p=0.02, proliferative versus no retinopathy, p > 0.05 non proliferative versus no retinopathy). Microalbuminuria was diagnosed in 26% of the patients. Mean HbA(1c) was 9.3 +/- 2.1% in patients with microalbuminuria versus 8.1 +/- 1.3% in those with normoalbuminuria (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycemic control was similar in patients with non proliferative retinopathy and those without. Proliferative retinopathy and nephropathy were both related to the level of glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Adult Department of Diabetology, Service de Medecine B, Angers, France. BeBouhanick@chu-angers.fr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouhanick
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raguin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rohmer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ebran
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simard
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Limal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors