title: The role of parental hypertension in the frequency and age of diagnosis of hypertension in offspring with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients is associated with more rapid progression of renal disease and a high incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The present study was undertaken to examine the role of parental hypertension in the occurrence of hypertension in 475 ADPKD offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult subjects participating in an ongoing study of the natural history of ADPKD were included in the analysis if they were diagnosed with ADPKD, had a known affected parent, and knew the hypertensive status of both parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the affected parent was hypertensive, the ADPKD male (82% versus 62%, P < 0.05) and female (61% versus 37%, P < 0.005) offspring had a significantly higher frequency of hypertension than when the ADPKD-affected parent was normotensive. The median age of diagnosis of hypertension was also significantly earlier in both male (33 years versus 40 years, P < 0.05) and female (38 years versus 50 years, P < 0.05) ADPKD patients when their affected parents were hypertensive as compared with normotensive. These effects of hypertension in the affected parent on hypertension in the ADPKD offspring were independent of age, renal volume, and renal function in the offspring. Hypertension in unaffected parents also increased the frequency of hypertension in the ADPKD female (69% versus 53%, P < 0.01), but not male (89% versus 77%, NS) subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that parental hypertension influences the frequency of hypertension in ADPKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. Robert.Schrier@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Schrier
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFann
authors.forename: Arlene B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010290:Parents; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis