title: Transesophageal cardioversion of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation using an electric balloon electrode system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility and efficiency of terminating atrial flutter (AFL) and atrial fibrillation (AF) using synchronous low-energy shocks delivered through a novel transesophageal electric balloon electrode system.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using a novel electric balloon electrode system, we attempted 91 transesophageal cardioversions in 52 patients, to treat 53 episodes of AFL and 38 episodes of AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 40 patients of AFL that failed to respond to drug therapy, 37 (92.5%) were successfully countershocked to sinus rhythm by transesophageal cardioversion, with a mean energy of (22.70 +/- 4.50) J (20 - 30 J). Of the 19 patients in AF, transesophageal cardioversion was successful in 16 (84.2%) cases, requiring a mean delivered energy of (17.38 +/- 8.58) J (3 - 30 J). There were no complications such as heart block or ventricular fibrillation, and no evidence of esophageal injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transesophageal cardioversion using an electric balloon electrode system is an effective and feasible method for the treatment of AFL and AF. It requires low energy and no anesthesia, leads to less trauma, and shows a high cardioversion success rate that may prove valuable in the management of tachyarrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266000, China. zfs_yisheng@163.com
authors.forename: Fangsheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xuewen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000628:therapy*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004947:Esophagus; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome