title: Hematopoietic cell regulation by Rac1 and Rac2 guanosine triphosphatases.
abstract: The Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Rac1 and Rac2 are critical signaling regulators in mammalian cells. The deletion of both Rac1 and Rac2 murine alleles leads to a massive egress of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) into the blood from the marrow, whereas Rac1-/- but not Rac2-/- HSC/Ps fail to engraft in the bone marrow of irradiated recipient mice. In contrast, Rac2, but not Rac1, regulates superoxide production and directed migration in neutrophils, and in each cell type, the two GTPases play distinct roles in actin organization, cell survival, and proliferation. Thus, Rac1 and Rac2 regulate unique aspects of hematopoietic development and function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Marie-Dominique
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cancelas
authors.forename: Jamie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Siefring
authors.forename: Emily P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Aparna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jasti
authors.forename: Chad E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rethinasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002465:Cell Movement; D048429:Cell Size; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097766:RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D005353:Fibronectins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D013481:Superoxides; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D000097766:RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein