title: Biliary tract complications following liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary tract complications, which occur in 5.8% to 24.5% of adult liver transplant recipients, remain one of the most common problems following transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate these problems and analyze methods of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1989 to 2003, 36 (18.7%) among 193 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantations in our center developed biliary complications. Biliary strictures that developed in 18 cases (9.3%) were the most common complications. Clinical manifestations of strictures developed at 2 to 24 months after transplantation. Bile leaks occurred in 10 patients (5.2%), and were diagnosed in along the T-tube 4 cases and was not accompanied by any clinical manifestation. Bile leak to the peritoneum after T-tube removal occurred in 2 patients (1.1%). Solitary gallstone formation in one case (0.5%) was removed with the use of ECPW. One patient required retransplantation within 3 months after transplantation, because of the most severe complication-ischemic necrosis of biliary tract.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uneventful recovery was achieved in 34 patients in the analyzed group (94.4%). There was no case of recurrence during outpatient follow up. Two patients died in late follow-up of unrelated causes: namely, gastrointestinal bleeding due to a duodenal ulcer and multi-organ failure (MOF) due to a third severe episode of acute liver transplant rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biliary complications remain an important problem in liver transplantation. Endoscopic and radiologic management are effective in the majority of cases. Surgical intervention is obligatory in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplantation, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Patkowski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyckowski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zieniewicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Michalowicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotulski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smoter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grodzicki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skwarek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziolkowski
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oldakowska-Jedynak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niewczas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paczek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
mesh_terms: D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000453:epidemiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies