title: Simultaneous hemodialysis during coronary angiography fails to prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in chronic renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiocontrast medium- (RM) associated nephrotoxicity continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure and may lead in patients with pre-existing chronic renal insufficiency even to end-stage renal failure requiring chronic dialysis. Since extracorporeal removal of RM after RM administration has been shown to be effective but does not prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy, the effect of a simultaneous dialysis during RM administration on renal function is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized and controlled trial, we studied the effect of a 4-hour online dialysis during RM (iomeprol) application in patients with advanced chronic renal failure (serum creatinine > or = 3 mg/dl) undergoing coronary angiography. All patients received hydration with saline before and after standardized coronary angiography and were randomized to receive a simultaneous high-flux hemodialysis (7 patients, HD group) or to control group (10 patients). 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCl) was measured in all patients before, 1 week and 8 weeks after coronary angiography. The clinical follow-up comprised 8 weeks after RM application. RM plasma levels were measured in both groups 15, 30, 60 minutes, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after application by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, CrCl (19 +/- 10 vs 17 +/- 7 ml/min), percentage of diabetics (57 vs 70%) and dose of RM (77 +/- 27 vs 86 +/- 21 ml) were similar in both groups. Pharmacokinetics: Total clearance of iomeprol was significantly higher (54 +/- 15 vs 20 +/- 12 ml/min, p < 0.001) and the area under curve (AUC) was significantly lower (23 +/- 10 g x h/l vs 94 +/- 57 g x h/l, p < 0.001) in the HD group compared to control group. RM peak plasma levels 15 min after application were not different in both groups (3.0 +/- 1.1 vs 4.2 +/- 1.7 mmol/l, NS), however, significantly lower 60 min (1.6 +/- 0.4 vs 3.7 +/- 1.5 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and 240 min (0.7 +/- 0.3 vs 2.3 +/- 0.7 p < 0.001) after angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CrCl showed no difference 1 week (24 +/- 11 vs 19 +/- 9 ml/min, ns) and 8 weeks (24 +/- 5 vs 20 +/- 9 ml/min, NS) after angiography from baseline or between the groups. In each group, 2 patients developed end-stage renal disease and requested permanent dialysis during the 8-week follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous dialysis reduces AUC of iomeprol significantly, however, does not influence plasma peak concentration after angiography. Renal function and incidence of end-stage renal failure were not influenced by online-dialysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Helga.Frank@rzmail.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klinghammer
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kunzendorf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C057937:iomeprol; D003404:Creatinine; D007479:Iopamidol