title: Neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein ligand inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The role of brain insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in neuroprotection was further investigated using in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia by assessing the effects of IGF-I, IGF-II, and high affinity IGFBP ligand inhibitors (the peptide [Leu24, 59, 60, Ala31]hIGF-I (IGFBP-LI) and the small molecule NBI-31772 (1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-hydroxycarbonyl-6, 7-dihydroxyisoquinoline), which pharmacologically displace and elevate endogenous, bioactive IGFs from IGFBPs. Treatment with IGF-I, IGF-II, or IGFBP-LI (2 microg/mL) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced CA1 damage in organotypic hippocampal cultures resulting from 35 minutes of oxygen and glucose deprivation by 71%, 60%, and 40%, respectively. In the subtemporal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of focal ischemia, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of IGF-I and IGF-II at the time of artery occlusion reduced ischemic brain damage in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum reductions in total infarct size of 37% (P < 0.01) and 38% (P < 0.01), respectively. In this model of MCAO, i.c.v. administration of NBI-31772 at the time of ischemia onset also dose-dependently reduced infarct size, and the highest dose (100 microg) significantly reduced both total (by 40%, P < 0.01) and cortical (by 43%, P < 0.05) infarct volume. In the intraluminal suture MCAO model, administration of NBI-31772 (50 microg i.c.v.) at the time of artery occlusion reduced both cortical infarct volume (by 40%, P < 0.01) and brain swelling (by 24%, P < 0.05), and it was still effective when treatment was delayed up to 3 hours after the induction of ischemia. These results further define the neuroprotective properties of IGFs and IGFBP ligand inhibitors in experimental models of cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., San Diego, California 92121-1102, USA. kmackay@neurocrine.com
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loddick
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Naeve
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vana
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Verge
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007546:Isoquinolines; C436731:NBI 31772; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II