title: The pre-existence of an acute coronary event predicts differences in biological parameters and clinical evolution among patients with longstanding stable angina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, patients displaying stable angina with or without a previous acute coronary event have been grouped together and are offered nowadays, similar clinical approach. However, from clinical experience, increasing doubt exists whether they behave clinically in the same way. In the current study, we investigated whether differences might exist in the clinical, angiographic and biological parameters between these two distinct clinical presentations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cardiovascular risk factor profile, clinical evolution, angiographic data, white blood cell (WBC) count and plasma concentrations of lipids and fibrinogen were compared between two groups of patients with longstanding stable angina. The first group consisted of 160 subjects who had undergone myocardial infarction (MI) as the first manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and had no further coronary event. The second group was composed of 226 subjects who had effort-induced angina but never experienced an acute coronary event. The mean period between the first CAD manifestation and entry into the study was 7+/-6 years for MI group and 7+/-4 years for patients with uneventful angina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MI patients displayed 8% higher WBC count (P=0.038), 20% higher fibrinogen (P=0.001), 12% lower HDL cholesterol (P=0.02), 8% lower apoA1 (P=0.005) and 46% higher lipoprotein (a) (P=0.005) than patients who presented an uneventful clinical course. Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis, fibrinogen (OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.08-1.28; P=0.033), lipoprotein (a) (OR=1.19; 95% CI=1.05-1.34; P=0.0036) and HDL cholesterol levels (OR=0.97; 95% CI=0.94-0.99; P=0.0095) remained independently associated with the pre-existence of MI. Patients with prior MI evolved more frequently towards clinically refractory angina (P=0.04). In addition, fibrinogen levels were independently associated with evolution to clinically refractory angina (OR=1.03; 95% CI=1.005-1.550; P=0.0448).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stable CAD patients with a prior MI differ from those who display an uneventful effort-induced angina in their biological profile and their evolution towards clinically refractory angina.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medicine School, São Paulo, Brazil. sposito@zerbini.org.br
authors.forename: Andrei C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sposito
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Raul C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Maranhão
authors.forename: Antonio P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: Luiz A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cesar
authors.forename: Jose A F
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramires
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides; D005340:Fibrinogen