title: Prostaglandin E2 inhibits TNF production in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: Exposure to pathogens induces dendritic cells to release inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The inflammatory response is controlled by endogenous agents such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, glucocorticoids, anti-inflammatory neuropeptides, and lipid mediators. This study is the first report on the inhibition by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of TNF release from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 ligand, or peptidoglycan, a TLR2 ligand. The inhibition of TNF occurs at both mRNA and protein level. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 is mediated by the EP2 and EP4 receptors, and involves both PKA signaling and mediation by DC-derived IL-10. Intraperitoneal administration of PGE2 together with LPS results in a reduction in serum TNF and intracellular TNF in peritoneal exudate cells, compared to LPS alone. In addition, administration of PGE2 in vivo reduces the numbers of CD11c+ DCc that accumulate in the peritoneal cavity in response to LPS. The various implications of the PGE2-induced reduction in TNF are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 101 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
authors.forename: Evros
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: Huie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Doina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000378:metabolism; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D039521:CD11c Antigen; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C545645:Ptger2 protein, mouse; C545651:Ptger4 protein, mouse; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015232:Dinoprostone