title: Fetal blood sampling in twin pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of fetal blood sampling for prenatal diagnosis in twin pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of 84 twin pregnancies that had undergone fetal blood sampling between the years 1977 and 2000. These results were compared with those from a similar study on amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Miscarriage occurred in 3.6% of cases after fetal blood sampling. The total fetal loss rate was 13.6% and the fetal loss that could be attributed to the procedure was 8.2%. The procedure-related fetal loss rate was dependent on the indication for fetal blood sampling. The rates of preterm delivery at </= 32 weeks, preterm delivery at </= 35 weeks, perinatal mortality at </= 28 weeks, perinatal mortality at > 28 weeks and neonatal mortality were 16.9%, 28.3%, 10.9%, 3.1% and 7.7%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal blood sampling in twin pregnancies carries higher risks for the fetus than do amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. However, it remains useful in evaluating the fetal condition in special circumstances such as hydrops and infection.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antsaklis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Souka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kavalakis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michalas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000097:blood*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014427:Twins