title: Transcriptional coactivator Cited2 induces Bmi1 and Mel18 and controls fibroblast proliferation via Ink4a/ARF.
abstract: Cited2 (CBP/p300 interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2) is required for embryonic development, coactivation of transcription factor AP-2, and inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 transactivation. Cited2 is induced by multiple growth factors and cytokines and oncogenically transforms cells. Here, we show that the proliferation of Cited2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts ceases prematurely. This is associated with a reduction in growth fraction, senescent cellular morphology, and increased expression of the cell proliferation inhibitors p16(INK4a), p19(ARF), and p15(INK4b). Deletion of INK4a/ARF (encoding p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF)) completely rescued the defective proliferation of Cited2(-/-) fibroblasts. However, the deletion of INK4a/ARF did not rescue the embryonic malformations observed in Cited2(-/-) mice, indicating that INK4a/ARF-independent pathways are likely to be involved here. We found that Cited2(-/-) fibroblasts had reduced expression of the polycomb-group genes Bmi1 and Mel18, which function as INK4a/ARF and Hox repressors. Complementation with CITED2-expressing retrovirus enhanced proliferation, induced Bmi1/Mel18 expression, and decreased INK4a/ARF expression. Bmi1- and Mel18-expressing retroviruses enhanced the proliferation of Cited2(-/-) fibroblasts, indicating that they function downstream of Cited2. Our results provide genetic evidence that Cited2 controls the expression of INK4a/ARF and fibroblast proliferation, at least in part via the polycomb-group genes Bmi1 and Mel18.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kamil R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kranc
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bamforth
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bragança
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Norbury
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Lohuizen
authors.forename: Shoumo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C489421:Bmi1 protein, mouse; C486381:CITED2 protein, human; C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; C110087:Cited2 protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C489348:PCGF2 protein, human; C066476:Pcgf6 protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1