title: Adenosine biosynthesis in the collecting duct.
abstract: Adenosine regulates tubular transport in collecting ducts (CDs); however, the sources of adenosine that modulate ion transport in CDs are unknown. The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway refers to the conversion of cAMP to AMP by ectophosphodiesterase, followed by metabolism of AMP to adenosine by ecto-5'-nucleotidase, with all steps occurring in the extracellular compartment. The goal of this study was to assess whether the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway exists in CDs. Studies were conducted in both freshly isolated CDs and in CD cells in culture (first passage) that were derived from isolated CDs. Purity of CDs was confirmed by microscopy, by Western blotting for aquaporin-1, aquaporin-2, bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter type 1, and thiazide-sensitive cotransporter; and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for adenosine receptors. Both freshly isolated CDs and CD cells in culture converted exogenous cAMP to AMP and adenosine. In both freshly isolated CDs and CD cells in culture, conversion of cAMP to AMP and adenosine was affected by a broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), an ectophosphodiesterase inhibitor (1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine), and a blocker of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (alpha,beta-methylene-adenosine-5'-diphosphate) in a manner consistent with exogenous cAMP being processed by the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway. In CD cells in culture, stimulation of adenylyl cyclase increased extracellular concentrations of cAMP, AMP, and adenosine, and these changes were also modulated by the aforementioned inhibitors in a manner consistent with the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway. In conclusion, the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is an important source of adenosine in CDs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 623 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. edj+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Edwin K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Zaichuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Chongxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Raghvendra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009399:Nephrons / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014970:Xanthines; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; C053896:1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D000241:Adenosine; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine