title: Deficient anti-listerial immunity in the absence of perforin can be restored by increasing memory CD8+ T cell numbers.
abstract: Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, Listeria monocytogenes (LM)-vaccinated perforin-deficient (PKO) mice have elevated levels of CD8(+) T cell memory, but exhibit reduced levels of protection against virulent LM. In this study, Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells from LM-vaccinated WT and PKO mice were used in adoptive transfer assays to determine the contribution of perforin-dependent cytolysis in protective immunity to LM. Perforin deficiency resulted in an approximately 5-fold reduction in the per-cell protective capacity of Ag-specific memory CD8(+) T cells that was not caused by differences in memory cell quality as measured by CD62L/CD27 expression, TCR repertoire use, functional avidity, differences in expansion of Ag-specific cells upon infection, or maintenance of memory levels over time. However, perforin-deficient CD8(+) T cells exhibited reduced in vivo cytotoxic function compared to WT CD8(+) T cells. Consistent with the existence of perforin-independent effector pathways, double-vaccinated PKO mice were as resistant to challenge with LM as single-vaccinated WT mice. Thus, increasing the number of memory CD8(+) T cells can overcome diminished per-cell protective immunity in the absence of perforin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly A Nordyke
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Messingham
authors.forename: Vladimir P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Badovinac
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Harty
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000637:transplantation; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000235:genetics; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D054353:Perforin; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D054353:Perforin