Complementary and alternative therapies: what is their place in the management of chronic pain?
Nurses have used complementary therapies for many years to relieve anxiety, promote comfort, and reduce or alleviate pain. The therapies described in this article are examples of the many therapies available for nurses to consider when planning care for patients with chronic pain. The increasing body of scientific knowledge is providing more guidance about the efficacy of specific therapies. As with all interventions, ongoing evaluation about the effectiveness of a therapy for each patient is an important component of quality nursing care. Complementary therapies provide an avenue for nurses to be autonomous in furthering the relief of chronic pain, as many of these therapies fall within the domain of nursing. Incorporating selected therapies into the plan of care provides multiple opportunities for nurses to demonstrate caring, a premier characteristic of nursing. A number of the complementary therapies, such as journaling, hand massage, and imagery, can be taught to patients and their families, thus promoting self-care. Anecdotal evidence and findings from numerous smaller studies provide some support for the use of many complementary therapies to manage chronic pain or their use as adjuncts in the treatment regimen. Still, the nurse must weigh the risks and benefits before suggesting a therapy to a patient. Evaluating the effectiveness of the complementary therapy to promote comfort in patients with chronic pain is essential. Obtaining this information is not only critical to the care of a particular patient, but these data will assist nurses in learning more about specific therapies. Most importantly, nurses need to pursue research to further the scientific basis for many of the complementary therapies.
Snyder
Mariah
M
School of Nursing and Center for Spirituality and Healing, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, 6-101 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0342, USA. snyde002@umn.edu
Wieland
Joanne
J
D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D019341:Aromatherapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000592:standards; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D029221:Faith Healing; D006694:Holistic Health; D006705:Homeopathy; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services; D020407:Internet; D008405:Massage; D019122:Meditation; D009147:Music Therapy; D024802:Nurse's Role; D059408:Pain Management; D018579:Patient Selection; D019124:Therapeutic Touch; D016896:Treatment Outcome