title: Long-term complications of artificial airways.
abstract: In summary, long-term complications of artificial airways are rare but important sequelae of artificial airways. Many of the potential long-term complications of translaryngeal intubation and tracheotomy are similar and overlapping. Although most patients who undergo these procedures tend to tolerate them without difficulties, significant morbidity and mortality may occur. Identifying the exact cause of the complication may not be possible at times, due to the multiple risk factors involved in the pathogenesis. It is hoped that understanding these potential complications will lead to a more vigilant preventive measures during the institution of long-term artificial airways and a judicious early search for the underlying pathology when a complication is suspected.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 37-131 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.forename: Irawan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Susanto
mesh_terms: D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000209:etiology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology; D014132:Trachea / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014456:Ulcer; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000209:etiology