title: Laser-assisted thermal capsulorrhaphy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to review the clinical results of laser-assisted thermal capsulorrhaphy in patients with glenohumeral instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series of consecutive patients with shoulder instability treated with laser-assisted thermal capsulorrhaphy by one surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1994 through 1997, 60 shoulders in 59 patients (27 men, 32 women) with no previous shoulder surgery underwent laser-assisted thermal capsulorrhaphy. The direction of instability was classified as anterior in 30, posterior in 7, anteroposterior in 4, and multidirectional (MDI) in 19. Patients were evaluated on the basis of pain, recurrent instability, function, and satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were lost to follow-up evaluation, and 9 patients underwent revision surgery (7 MDI, 1 anterior, I posterior). Of the remaining 42 patients, none underwent further surgery; the average follow-up time was 38.4 months (range, 24 to 66 months); and pain scores improved from 7.8 +/- 2.6 (1-10 scale) to 1.7 +/- 2.6. postoperatively. In addition, 86% of patients reported none or rare episodes of instability compared with 37% preoperatively. Painless overhead use of the shoulder improved from 12% to 73%. Scores based on the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) rating system improved from 61.0 +/- 2.6 to 89.5 +/- 15.0 (P <.05). Patient satisfaction for the remaining 42 patients, on a 1 to 10 scale, averaged 8.0 +/- 2.8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, we conclude that laser-assisted thermal capsulorrhaphy is an effective adjunct in the treatment of anterior and posterior instability. Patients with MDI treated with this technique have high failure rates. We recommend caution when approaching MDI patients with this technique.
authors.affiliation: Steadman Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, Vail, Colorado 81657, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tokish
authors.forename: Karen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D003646:Debridement; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000601:surgery*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000145:classification / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome