title: Detecting mycobacteria in Romanowsky-stained cytologic smears. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytologic features of mycobacterial infections are granulomatous inflammation with or without caseous necrosis and the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli with special stains. However, immuno-compromised patients might not mount the expected response.
  
  
  METHODS
  A routinely used Romanowsky (Leishman) stain was used for the presumptive diagnosis of mycobacterial infection in a 30-year-old man with AIDS. The mycobacteria were identified as inclusions, described as "negative images," in the cytoplasm of macrophages in smears of bone marrow aspirate. They were then confirmed to be acid-fast bacilli with Ziehl-Neelsen stain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative images of mycobacteria may be seen in Romanowsky-stained cytologic smears from patients with immunodeficiency. This is a rapid and cost-effective way of detecting the mycobacteria before more specific results are available. Such a search should be undertaken routinely in all patients suspected to have such infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India. ddbasu@satyam.net.in
authors.forename: Debdatta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Jeevana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilkund
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D001399:Azure Stains; D001706:Biopsy; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001399:Azure Stains; C046541:Romanowsky-Giemsa stain; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS)