title: Evidence for a significant role of a Gs-triggered mechanism unrelated to the activation of adenylyl cyclase in the cyclic AMP-independent relaxant response of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle.
abstract: Cyclic AMP is a key molecule in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone. Increased cyclic AMP leads to relaxation of this smooth muscle and its inhibition results in the muscle contraction. A constitutive role for cyclic AMP in the contraction and relaxation of airway muscle is supported by the observations that direct activators of adenylyl cyclase, such as forskolin and membrane-permeable cyclic AMP analogues, relax this smooth muscle potently. This traditional view of the role for cyclic AMP is the basis for the idea that relaxation of airway smooth muscle mediated through adenylyl cyclase-linked, G(s)-coupled receptors, including the beta(2)-adrenoceptor, is achieved mainly by the elevation of cyclic AMP content [cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism(s)]. However, recent pharmacological and biochemical evidence raises a fundamental question concerning the role of cyclic AMP; can G(s)-coupled receptor-mediated relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle be attributed exclusively to cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism(s)? In the present study, we show that cholera toxin (CTX, 5 microg/ml), an activator of the heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding protein G(s), relaxes guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. CTX also elevates tissue cyclic AMP content by about 30-fold and this is practically abolished by an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, SQ 22,536 (100 microM). However, unexpectedly, the relaxant response to CTX is not affected by SQ 22,536. These results firstly show that activation of G(s) is able to produce a relaxation in tracheal smooth muscle independently of the elevation of cyclic AMP. G(s)-triggered, cyclic AMP-unrelated cellular mechanism(s) seem(s) to play a substantial role in smooth muscle relaxation mediated through adenylyl cyclase-linked receptors. This mechanism may account in part for the cyclic AMP-independent relaxant response of tracheal smooth muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Toho University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Miyama 2-2-1, Chiba 274-8510, Funabashi-City, Japan. yotanaka@phar.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamaki
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horinouchi
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigenobu
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005576:Colforsin; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases