title: Increase of activity of tioconazole against resistant microorganisms by the addition of butylated hydroxyanisole.
abstract: Tioconazole (TCZ) killed resistant Candida albicans in less than 3 min, after the addition of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a phenolic antioxidant, at subinhibitory concentrations. The bactericidal activity was also rapid against resistant Escherichia coli. BHA increased the TCZ activity in RPMI 1640 medium 18 times against ten strains of resistant C. albicans as judged by MIC and increased the activity 43 times against ten resistant E. coli strains. BHA at subinhibitory concentrations promoted the reduction of C. albicans virulence by reducing 180 times the hyphal cells of TCZ and decreasing hydrophobicity. The synergy could be due to changes in cellular permeability because of increased leakage of cellular enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Microbiologia-Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Roma la Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Adelaide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villa
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C020527:tioconazole; D008751:Methylene Blue