Anti-kindling effect of slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats.
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals exposed to electroconvulsive shock (ECS) has anticonvulsant properties when injected into naive animals. The present study investigated whether the CSF of humans exposed to 1 or 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has similar properties. Using a 4 day rat flurothyl kindling seizure model we found that the kindling rate was significantly decreased by intraventricular injection of CSF from depressed patients exposed to 1 Hz rTMS. The CSF from patients that underwent 10 Hz rTMS showed a trend toward an increased kindling rate. These results support the similarity of ECS and rTMS and suggest that 1 Hz and 10 Hz rTMS produce distinct physiologic changes.
Anschel
David J
DJ
Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. danschel@stanford.edu
Pascual-Leone
Alvaro
A
Holmes
Gregory L
GL
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000627:therapeutic use*