title: Inverse dynamic investigation of voluntary trunk movements in weightlessness: a new microgravity-specific strategy.
abstract: Present investigation faces the question of quantitative assessment of exchanged forces and torques at the restraints during whole body posture exercises in long-term microgravity. Inverse dynamic modelling and total angular momentum at the ankle joint were used in order to reconstruct movement dynamics at the restraining point, represented by the ankle joint. The hypothesis is that the minimisation of the torques at the interface point assumes a key role in movement planning in 0 g. This hypothesis would respond to an optimisation of muscles activity, a minimisation of energy expenditure and therefore an accurate control of body movement. Results show that the 0 g movement strategy adopted ensures that the integral of the net ankle moment between the beginning and the end of the movement is zero. This expected mechanical constraint is not satisfied when 0 g movement dynamics is simulated using terrestrial kinematics. This accounts for a significant imposed change of movement strategy. Particularly, the efficient compensation of the inertial effects of the segments in terms of total angular momentum at the ankle joint was evidenced. These results explain the exaggerated axial synergies, observed on kinematics and which moved centre of mass (CM) backward from its already backward initial positioning, as a tool for enhancing the compensation and achieving the desired minimisation of the torques exchanges at the restraints.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan 33 20133, Italy. pedrocchi@biomed.polimi.it
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedrocchi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedotti
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Massion
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrigno
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D018480:Astronauts; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology*; D014893:Weightlessness; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation / Q000379:methods*