title: Phospholipase C-independent activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and C-terminal Src kinase by Galphaq.
abstract: It is generally thought that activation of phospholipase Cbeta (PLCbeta) by Galphaq accounts for most of the effects of Gq-coupled receptors. Here we describe a novel effect of Galphaq that is independent of the PLCbeta pathway. Expression of the constitutively active Galphaq mutant Galphaq(Q209L) promoted an increase in glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) activity that was associated with increased phosphorylation of Tyr216 on GSK-3beta. Galphaq(Q209L)-AA, a mutant that cannot activate PLCbeta, also induced GSK-3beta activation and phosphorylation of Tyr216. We speculate that the protein-tyrosine kinase Csk (C-terminal Src kinase), which is also activated by Galphaq(Q209L) and Galphaq(Q209L)-AA, acts upstream of GSK-3beta. Expression of Csk accentuated the activation of GSK-3beta by Galphaq(Q209L), whereas catalytically inactive Csk blocked GSK-3beta activation by Galphaq(Q209L). Recombinant Csk phosphorylated and activated GSK-3beta in vitro, and GSK-3beta coprecipitated with Csk from cell lysates. These results suggest that activation of Csk and GSK-3beta by Galphaq may contribute to the physiological and pathological effects of Gq-coupled receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Gaofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ballou
authors.forename: Richard Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002384:Catalysis; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D004247:DNA; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11