title: Randomized trial of cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy and palliative surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the findings from uncontrolled studies that aggressive cytoreduction in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is superior to standard treatment in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1998 and August 2001, 105 patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard treatment consisting of systemic chemotherapy (fluorouracil-leucovorin) with or without palliative surgery, or experimental therapy consisting of aggressive cytoreduction with HIPEC, followed by the same systemic chemotherapy regime. The primary end point was survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up period of 21.6 months, the median survival was 12.6 months in the standard therapy arm and 22.3 months in the experimental therapy arm (log-rank test, P =.032). The treatment-related mortality in the aggressive therapy group was 8%. Most complications from HIPEC were related to bowel leakage. Subgroup analysis of the HIPEC group showed that patients with 0 to 5 of the 7 regions of the abdominal cavity involved by tumor at the time of the cytoreduction had a significantly better survival than patients with 6 or 7 affected regions (log-rank test, P <.0001). If the cytoreduction was macroscopically complete (R-1), the median survival was also significantly better than in patients with limited (R-2a), or extensive residual disease (R-2b; log-rank test, P <.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytoreduction followed by HIPEC improves survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. However, patients with involvement of six or more regions of the abdominal cavity, or grossly incomplete cytoreduction, had still a grave prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. v.verwaal@nki.nl
authors.forename: Vic J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Verwaal
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Ruth
authors.forename: Eeclo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Bree
authors.forename: Gooike W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: van Sloothen
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.forename: Frans A N
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Zoetmulder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome