title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast-milk components.
abstract: We conducted the present study to determine which of the 4 components of breast milk (whole milk, skim milk, lipid layer, and breast-milk cells) had the highest sensitivity and concentration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA burden and to determine biological correlates to these factors. The probability of detection of HIV (sensitivity) and the concentration of HIV-1 RNA were both associated with the choice of milk component, CD4(+) cell count, concentration of blood serum HIV-1 RNA, and the presence of breast inflammation. Whole milk demonstrated higher sensitivity and mean concentration than any other single component. Sensitivity was enhanced by analyzing all 4 components of breast milk.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7030, USA. hoffmani@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Irving F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Francis E A
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Martinson
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chilongozi
authors.forename: Szu-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kazembe
authors.forename: Topia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banda
authors.forename: Willard
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dzinyemba
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Myron S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fiscus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D007774:Lactation; D008413:Mastitis / Q000821:virology; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral