title: Bead injection ELISA for the determination of antibodies implicated in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: This work introduces a novel analytical method for the detection and study of GAD65 autoantibodies, which have been implicated in the onset of type 1 diabetes. There is a clinical need for a rapid and automated assay for GAD65 autoantibodies. Therefore, this method was designed to exploit the advantages of bead injection (BI) analysis for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). BI ELISA is a microscale technique that uses enzyme labeled secondary antibodies to detect the capture of target antibodies on immobilized antigen in the flow cell of the lab-on-valve (LOV) manifold. A detection limit of 20 ng mL(-1) of GAD65 monoclonal antibody 144 compares favorably with the sensitivity and precision of a standard ELISA currently employed to detect GAD65 autoantibodies. Compared to the standard ELISA protocol, BI ELISA offers a significantly reduced assay time and complete automation of solution handling and detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scampavia
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lernmark
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
mesh_terms: D001322:Autoanalysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007527:Isoenzymes; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2