CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression in human brain tissue: noninflammatory control versus multiple sclerosis.
An important role for CX3CL1 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration has been suggested in recent publications. In this study, we compared the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 in human brain tissue derived from control patients without neurological complications and in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Results from this study demonstrate that CX3CL1 is constitutively expressed in human central nervous system (CNS) astrocytes in vivo and under basal conditions in human adult astrocyte cultures. CX3CR1 is expressed on astrocytes and microglial cells both in vivo and in vitro. Chemotaxis assay shows a functional response upon CX3CR1 signaling in microglial cells. Although CX3CL1 expression is upregulated in cultured astrocytes in response to proinflammatory cytokines, no evidence for expression differences of CX3CL1 between control patients and MS patients was found. Our data suggest that CX3CL1 has more general physiological functions, which occur also in the absence of proinflammatory conditions.
Hulshof
Sandra
S
Research Institute Neurosciences Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. S.Hulshof@students.uu.nl
van Haastert
Elise S
ES
Kuipers
Hedwich F
HF
van den Elsen
Peter J
PJ
De Groot
Corline J
CJ
van der Valk
Paul
P
Ravid
Rivka
R
Biber
Knut
K
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine