title: Prenatal PCB exposure, the corpus callosum, and response inhibition.
abstract: The present study reports the association between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the corpus callosum, and response inhibition in children who are 4.5 years old. Children (n = 189) enrolled in the Oswego study were tested using a continuous performance test. We measured (square millimeters) the splenium of the corpus callosum, a pathway implicated in the regulation of response inhibition, using magnetic resonance imaging. Results indicated a dose-dependent association between cord blood PCBs and errors of commission. Splenium size but not other brain areas predicted errors of commission (r(2) = 0.20), with smaller size associated with more errors of commission. There was an interaction between splenium size and PCB exposure. The smaller the splenium, the larger the association between PCBs and errors of commission. If the association between PCBs and response inhibition is indeed causal, then children with suboptimal development of the splenium are particularly vulnerable to these effects. These data await replication.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York 13126, USA. pstewar1@oswego.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reihman
authors.forename: Brooks
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gump
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lonky
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darvill
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauser
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls