title: Impairment of glucose metabolism in hearts from rats treated with endotoxin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients and animals with sepsis or critical illness, the mechanical function of the heart is often impaired. Although these conditions are accompanied by dramatic metabolic and hormonal changes, little is known about alterations of cardiac metabolism. In this study, we assessed the impact of an endotoxin-induced inflammation on cardiac glucose utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial endotoxin (1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium, LPS) was injected intravenously to rats. Six hours after LPS application, hearts were isolated and perfused in the Langendorff mode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular pressure was reduced by 50% in hearts from LPS-treated rats, compared to those from saline-injected control animals. With glucose as the sole fuel, there was no difference in glycolysis between the groups. However, on addition of beta-hydroxybutyrate (an alternative fuel which inhibits phosphofructokinase via an increased citrate level), the glycolytic rate in the LPS group was 44 and 48% lower (in basal, and insulin-stimulated conditions, respectively; P<0.01) than in control hearts. At the end of perfusions with beta-hydroxybutyrate and insulin, the cardiac citrate content was 40% higher in LPS vs. controls (P<0.001). In addition to the reduced glycolysis, the insulin-dependent increase of cardiac glycogen was 77% smaller in LPS hearts. The difference between LPS and control glycolysis was abolished if the hearts were perfused with the ceramidase inhibitor N-oleyl-ethanolamine (5 microM), and also with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398 (10 microM), or the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ-29548 (1 microM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory reaction caused by endotoxin impairs cardiac glucose metabolism (and in particular, the action of insulin) in at least two ways: through the exacerbation of the counterregulatory effect of alternative fuels on glycolysis, and through a reduction in net glycogen synthesis. Impairment of glycolysis may be mediated by a sphingomyelin derivative, and COX-2-derived thromboxane A2.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52057, Aachen, Germany. yvan.fischer@solvay.com
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thurner
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jüngling
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lückhoff
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis; D006019:Glycolysis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D017725:Ventricular Pressure
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose