title: Endoscopic-assisted repair of subcondylar fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate outcomes of a series of mandibular subcondylar fractures repaired with endoscopic reduction and fixation. Study design Six consecutive subcondylar fractures were treated endoscopically. Intermaxillary fixation was used intraoperatively to aid in fracture reduction. A modified Risdon incision was used to gain access to the lateral ramus, and a modified retractor and endoscope were used for retraction and visualization. Fracture fixation was achieved with a 2-mm titanium plate and screws. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 6 months and functional, radiographic, and esthetic parameters were assessed at each time period (1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients demonstrated a stable occlusion in the postoperative period and anatomic alignment of the condyle radiographically. By 1 month, maximum interincisal opening was 42.2 +/- 5.7 mm. There was no joint noise or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain postoperatively. Radiographs at each follow-up visit indicated the ramus height was maintained in most cases. There was minimal transient facial nerve paresis following surgery. Scar perception was considered acceptable by all patients. Operative times were acceptable as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic-assisted repair of subcondylar fractures is an additional tool for management of subcondylar fractures, however there is a steep learning curve based on this study. The technique allows good visualization of the fracture site for reduction through an incision with an acceptable cosmetic result.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5180, USA. mmiloro@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miloro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D004724:Endoscopy; D017050:Episode of Care; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery*