title: Differential utilization of systemic and enteral ammonia for urea synthesis in control subjects and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency carriers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female carriers of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) have nearly normal rates of total urea synthesis, but they derive less urea from systemic glutamine amide nitrogen than do healthy persons.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate whether females with symptomatic OTCD rely on alternative pathways to compensate for the reduced urea synthesis activity observed in this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 5-d study involved 6 control subjects (3 males, 3 females) and 6 female OTCD carriers who had a fixed energy intake of 133 kJ. kg(-)(1). d(-)(1) and a protein intake of 0.8 g. kg(-)(1). d(-)(1). They underwent two 12-h periods of isotopic tracer administration, separated by 2 d. On both occasions, [(18)O] or [(13)C]urea was infused intravenously, and the subjects consumed hourly meals. During the first period, [(15)N]NH(4)Cl was given intravenously; during the second period, the tracer was given as hourly oral doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OTCD carriers produced less urea (P < 0.05) but had a higher (P < 0.05) mean ammonia appearance rate and plasma ammonia concentration than did control subjects. OTCD carriers incorporated a lower (P < 0.001) mean (+/- SE) proportion of the intravenous [(15)N]NH(4)Cl dose into circulating urea than did control subjects (16 +/- 1% compared with 36 +/- 2%), but there was no genotypic difference in the incorporation of orally administered tracer (81 +/- 4% compared with 72 +/- 4%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A good degree of dietary protein tolerance seemed to be retained in OTCD carriers by the maintenance of higher ammonia appearance rates, expansion of the plasma ammonia pool, and reliance on the ability of the perivenous hepatocytes to clear excess ammonia via glutamine synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scaglia
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garlick
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reeds
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002353:Carrier State; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020163:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea