title: Immortalization of human articular chondrocytes and induction of their phenotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To immortalize human articular chondrocytes (HACs) using gene transfection and to maintain stable phenotype of transformed HACs after induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  HACs were transfected with the retroviral vector pLXSN encoding human papillomavirus 16E7 (HPV16E7), and the transformed clones were sorted and proliferated. Karyotype analysis, clone forming tests and nude mice tumor forming tests were applied to check the characteristics of the transformation. Type II collagen of transformed chondrocytes was inducted with free serum medium (FSM) supplemented with nutridoma-sp and ascorbate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immortalized HACs were isolated with fifty passages achieved. The HPV16E7 transformed cells were confirmed to be benign. Induction of FSM with nutridoma-sp and ascorbate promoted type II collagen of transformed chondrocytes to the high levels of normal chondrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HACs transformed with HPV16E7 survive for long periods in vitro, and type II collagen can maintain stability after induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. hqy1225@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Qingyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000032:analysis; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000166:cytology; D010641:Phenotype; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II