title: Evaluation of a fast forward rotating shift schedule in the steel industry with a special focus on ageing and sleep.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a change in the speed and direction of shift rotation on the sleep and wakefulness of younger and older workers. A continuous three-shift schedule was changed from a slow backward rotating (EEE-MMMNNN-----) to a fast forward rotating system (MMEENN----). Sixteen subjects (mean age 42 years) were studied before and one year after the change in schedule. Two age groups were compared: ten younger men (mean age 35 years) and six older men (mean age 53 years). The effects of the new work schedule were evaluated by a questionnaire (modified SSI), and on-site registrations with an actigraph and sleep log for one shift cycle (10-15 days) before and after the new schedule. After the change in schedule, subjective sleep problems decreased and alertness increased during the morning shifts. The change in schedule influenced sleep differently in the two age-groups. Both the subjective and objective quality of sleep improved among the older workers. The results indicate that a fast forward rotating shift schedule is more suitable for older workers than a slower backward rotating system.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hakola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härmä
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012890:Sleep; D013232:Steel; D014851:Wakefulness; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D013232:Steel