title: Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in a Mexican smelting community.
abstract: The authors evaluated mean blood lead levels (BLLs) and the prevalence of elevated BLLs in children 1-6 yr of age living in Torreón, Mexico, and assessed risk factors for lead exposure in these children. The study involved a simple random sample of households in the area around a local smelter, as well as a 2-stage cluster sample of neighborhoods and households in the remainder of Torreón. The geometric mean BLL of children in this study (N = 367) was 6.0 microg/dl (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.2, 6.8) (0.29 microM/l [95% CI = 0.25, 0.33]). Twenty percent of the children had BLLs > or = 10 microg/dl (0.48 microM/l), and 5% had BLLs > or = 20 microg/dl (0.97 microM/l). In multivariate analyses, distance from the smelter, amount of income, and education level of the primary caregiver predicted BLLs. In the environmental risk factor subsample (n = 124), dust and soil lead levels were associated with BLLs and distance from the smelter. BLLs in this study were moderately high, but the levels were lower than those in other smelting communities prior to remediation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albalak
authors.forename: Rebecca Hart
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: Sharunda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: W Dana
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gotway-Crawford
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dignam
authors.forename: Walter R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eduardo
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGeehin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008800:Mexico; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead