title: Early and late histamine release induced by albumin, hetastarch and polygeline: some unexpected findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The perioperative use of colloidal plasma substitutes is still under discussion. We therefore conducted a prospective randomised study with three commonly used plasma substitutes to examine their histamine releasing effects in 21 volunteers. MATERIAL OR SUBJETS: 21 male volunteers were enrolled in this prospective, randomised, controlled clinical study. Endpoints were the incidence of early and late histamine release and the time course of the release kinetics. Normovolemic hemodilution technique was used with hydroxyethyl starch (n = 6), human albumin (n = 6) and polygeline (n = 9). Measurement and observation period was 240 min after the start of the plasma substitute infusion. Heart rate, blood pressure, SaO(2), clinical symptoms/signs and plasma histamine were measured during the observation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of histamine release over the whole observation period in all three groups was 100%. Histamine release occurred frequently in all three groups until 30 min (50%-78%) and up to 240 min (late release reaction: 67%-83%) after the start of infusion. Surprisingly even hydroxyethyl starch, which is regarded as a generally safe and effective plasma substitute, caused high incidences of late histamine release (67%). Histamine release is a well known side effect of polygeline and - to a lesser extent - also of albumin, but was a novel finding for hydroxyethyl starch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated for the first time histamine releasing effects of hydroxyethyl starch over a long period of time after administration. This perioperatively and for intensive care possibly relevant finding should make clinicians aware of late side effects not yet connected with the clinical use of these colloidal plasma substitutes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Theoretical Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrabetae, 35043 Marburg, Germany. celik@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stinner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gajek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lorenz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000009:adverse effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011097:Polygeline / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D006632:Histamine; D011097:Polygeline