Administration of oxaliplatin to patients with renal dysfunction: a preliminary report of the national cancer institute organ dysfunction working group.
Oxaliplatin is an approved agent with clinical activity in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Preliminary pharmacokinetic evidence suggests that oxaliplatin is predominantly cleared by renal excretion; however, formal dosing guidelines in patients with renal impairment are lacking. The National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group initiated the following dose-escalation pharmacokinetic trial of oxaliplatin in patients with varying degrees of renal function. Thirty-seven patients with various solid tumor malignancies were stratified into four renal dysfunction groups based on their measured 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance (CrCL). Patients in group A (controls) all had a CrCL >or= 60 mL/min; group B patients had mild renal dysfunction with CrCLs ranging from 40 to 59 mL/min; group C patients had moderate renal dysfunction with CrCLs of 20 to 39 mL/min; and patients with a CrCL < 20 mL/min were entered into the group D severe cohort. The starting oxaliplatin dose for patients in the normal group A was 130 mg/m(2), while lower doses of 105, 80, and 60 mg/m(2) were used in groups B, C, and D, respectively. Patients received a 2-hour intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin every 3 weeks, and doses were escalated in cohorts of three patients in each renal dysfunction group in the absence of any severe dose-limiting toxicity. Oxaliplatin-associated platinum pharmacokinetics were monitored in both plasma (bound + unbound) and plasma ultrafiltrates (unbound). Full single-agent doses of oxaliplatin of 130 mg/m(2) were well tolerated by patients with normal, mild, and moderate renal dysfunction in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Only one patient was enrolled in group D. Unbound platinum clearance significantly correlated with CrCL (r =.884), but the increased systemic exposures to circulating platinum were not associated with increased clinical toxicities. These data suggest that dose reductions of single-agent oxaliplatin are not necessary in patients with CrCLs >20 mL/min.
Takimoto
Chris H
CH
Medicine Branch at Navy, National Naval Medical Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Remick
Scot C
SC
Sharma
Sunil
S
Mani
Sridhar
S
Ramanathan
Ramesh K
RK
Doroshow
James H
JH
Hamilton
Anne
A
Mulkerin
Daniel
D
Graham
Martin
M
Lockwood
Graham F
GF
Ivy
Percy
P
Egorin
Merrill
M
Greenslade
Denis
D
Goetz
Andrew
A
Grem
Jean L
JL
D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D003404:Creatinine