title: Recurrent pregnancy loss due to familial and non-familial habitual molar pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a series of women with recurrent molar pregnancies, including rare familial cases, and discuss etiology and treatment options.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a detailed clinical evaluation and pedigree analysis of five Egyptian women with recurrent pregnancy loss due to molar pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women had a history of four to nine consecutive hydatidiform moles but of no viable pregnancies. Two of the women had molar pregnancies with different husbands who themselves had viable offspring from previous wives; and three of them, who belonged to a family with extensive intermarriage, had a pedigree consistent with an autosomal recessive maternal-effect mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent pregnancy loss due to habitual molar pregnancy is uncommon and familial cases are extremely rare. The etiology of this disorder is not well understood but likely results from a maternal-effect mutation. Management options are limited, especially for couples who desire to have their own genetic offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. tarekalhussaini@yahoo.com
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Al-Hussaini
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Abd el-Aal
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Van den Veyver
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000209:etiology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*