title: Acute esotropia in heroin withdrawal: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esotropia during opiate withdrawal is a new clinical syndrome that has only recently been reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical case series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients with acute esotropia during opiate withdrawal are presented. In four there was evidence of underlying hyperopia and/or other strabismogenic features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The precise cause of esotropia with heroin withdrawal is uncertain. Most (and possibly all) of these patients have one or more objective strabismogenic features, and these are probably a large factor in the causation.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Motility Clinic, the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Locked Bag 8, East Melbourne, Australia 8002. strabism@netspace.net.au
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kowal
authors.forename: Jared J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mee
authors.forename: Shivram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozminsky
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004948:Esotropia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin