title: Laboratory and field evaluations of the insect repellent 3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate) and deet against mosquito vectors in Thailand.
abstract: The insect repellents 3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate or IR3535) and deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) were prepared as 20% solutions in absolute ethanol and evaluated for repellency against many mosquito species in Thailand under laboratory and field conditions using human subjects. In the laboratory, 0.1 ml was applied per 30-cm2 of exposed area on a volunteer's forearm (0.66-0.67 mg active ingredient [AI]/ cm2), whereas in the field, volunteers' legs (from knee to ankle, with a surface area of about 712-782 cm2) were treated with 3 ml per exposed area (0.76-0.84 mg AI/cm2). In the laboratory, both IR3535 and deet showed equal repellency (P > 0.05) for 9.8 and 9.7 h against Aedes aegypti, for 13.7 and 12.7 h against Culex quinquefasciatus, and for 14.8 and 14.5 h against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, respectively. Anopheles dirus was significantly less sensitive to IR3535 than to deet (P < 0.05), with a mean protection time of 3.8 and 5.8 h, respectively. Under field conditions, both IR3535 and deet provided a high degree of protection against various mosquito vectors ranging from 94 to 100% during the test periods. Both repellents provided a high level of protection for at least 8 h against Ae. albopictus and for at least 5 h against Cx. gelidus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Mansonia dives, Ma. uniformis, Ma. annulata, Ma. annulifera, Anopheles minimus, and An. maculatus. This study clearly documents the potential of IR3535 for use as a topical treatment against a wide range of mosquito species belonging to several genera.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, 88/7 Tiwanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thavara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tawatsin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chompoosri
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Suwonkerd
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Chansang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asavadachanukorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae; D003671:DEET / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007303:Insect Vectors; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D013785:Thailand; D013997:Time Factors; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D015091:beta-Alanine; D003671:DEET; C060364:insect repellent M 3535