title: Mutational inactivation of two distinct negative RNA elements in the human papillomavirus type 16 L2 coding region induces production of high levels of L2 in human cells.
abstract: Here we show that the 5' end and the middle region of the L2 coding sequence of human papillomavirus type 16 contain strong inhibitory RNA sequences termed inhibitory regions I and II. This is in contrast to L1, which contains one inhibitory region in the 5' end of the coding region. Inhibitory regions I and II acted in cis to reduce L2 mRNA levels and to inhibit the use of the mRNA. In tandem, the two regions reduced L2 mRNA production to undetectable levels. Specific mutational inactivation of the two inhibitory elements in the 5' end and in the middle region of L2 by the introduction of nucleotide substitutions that changed the nucleotide sequence but not the protein sequence resulted in production of high levels of L2 mRNA and protein. In contrast to L2, a partial L1 mutant in which only the first one third of L1 was mutated produced levels of L1 mRNA and protein similar to those in a full L1 mutant. In addition, the constitutive transport element of simian retrovirus type 1 overcomes the effect of the inhibitory sequences of L1 but not L2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C063316:L2 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral