title: [Cytokines value as a sepsis and mortality predictor in elderly patients with fever].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) are excellent predictive factors of tissue damage, inflammation and infection. However, there is not sufficient data about their usefulness in elderly patients with acute septic pathology. Our objective was to identify the cytokines related to bacteremia and those that predicted a bad prognosis in elderly patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study carried out during 1999. Patients aged >= 60 years with temperature >= 38 C admitted to the emergency ward. We determined IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP); cultures were done according to the infectious source. On the 4th day, cytokines and CRP were recorded again. The follow-up was completed until cure or death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50 patients were included (29 males). Median age was 75.6 (SD: 8.98). The etiology was infectious in 44 (88%): respiratory in 29 (66%), urinary in 8 (18%) and other sources in 7. Thirteen patients had bacteremia (32%): Escherichia coli (4), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5) and others (4). Ten patients died (20%). Median values on admission were CRP : 6.67 mg/dl (NV 0.8), TNF-alpha: 29 pg/ml (NV 0-20), IL-1beta: 7 pg/ml (NV 15) and IL-6: 121 pg/ml (NV 5). 4th day values were: 4.23 mg/dl, 22 pg/ml, 1 pg/ml and 41 pg/ml, respectively. The levels of IL-1b in the 2nd determination were significantly lower in females (p = 0.019). Initial TNF-alpha (p = 0.033), IL-1beta (p = 0.013) and IL-6 (p = 0.031) values were significantly higher in bacteremia patients. IL-6 values on the 4th day were higher in patients who died (p = 0.06). In patients who died, IL-6 levels were higher in the 2nd determination (p = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Median values of all cytokines were higher in the bacteremia population. Patients who died showed higher levels of IL-6 on the 4th day.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Infecciones. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Filella
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almela
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha