title: Novel roles for the rho subfamily of GTP-binding proteins in succinate-induced insulin secretion from betaTC3 cells: further evidence in support of the succinate mechanism of insulin release.
abstract: We have previously demonstrated regulatory roles for Rho subfamily of G-proteins in glucose- and calcium-induced insulin secretion. Herein, we examined regulation by these proteins of insulin secretion from betaTC3 cells elicited by mitochondrial fuels, such as the succinic acid methyl ester (SAME). Preincubation of these cells with Clostridium difficile toxin-B (200 ng/mL), which monoglucosylates and inactivates Cdc42 and Rac1, markedly decreased (> 70%) SAME-induced insulin secretion. Furthermore, exposure of betaTC3 cells to GGTI-2147 (20 microM), a selective inhibitor of the requisite prenylation of Rac1 and Cdc42, significantly reduced (> 80%) SAME-induced insulin release, suggesting that post-translational prenylation of these proteins is necessary for SAME-induced insulin release. Western blot analysis indicated localization of Cdc42, Rac1, and Ras in the beta cell mitochondrial fraction. Confocal microscopy revealed a modest, but inconsistent, increase in the association of either Rac1 or Cdc42 with Mitotracker, a mitochondrial marker, following exposure to SAME. These data suggest that activation of preexisting intramitochondrial Rac1 and Cdc42 may be sufficient to regulate SAME-induced insulin secretion. Together, our findings support a role for G-proteins in insulin secretion at a step dependent on mitochondrial metabolism. They also identify mevalonate-derived, isoprenoid modified Rho G-proteins as specific signaling molecules in recently proposed succinate mechanism of insulin release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. akowluru@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Anjaneyulu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kowluru
authors.forename: Hai-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tannous
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003603:Cytotoxins; C466792:GGTI 2147; D007093:Imidazoles; D007328:Insulin; C031815:toxB protein, Clostridium difficile; D019802:Succinic Acid; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D007930:Leucine