title: Intractable ulcerative colitis caused by cytomegalovirus infection: a prospective study on prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytomegalovirus infection has been known to complicate ulcerative colitis. This study was designed to elucidate the prevalence and clinical features of ulcerative colitis that might point efficiently to the diagnosis of complicating cytomegalovirus infection in cases of ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 47 consecutive patients diagnosed to have moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis who were treated on an inpatient basis at our department during a two-year period. A prospective examination for cytomegalovirus antigenemia was conducted in all patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection among these patients. Then, the characteristic clinical and endoscopic features of ulcerative colitis complicated by cytomegalovirus infection were investigated by comparison of the cytomegalovirus-infected group with the non-cytomegalovirus-infected group. The therapeutic effects of antiviral drugs also were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytomegalovirus infection was detected in 16 of 47 patients (34 percent). Proportion of female patients, age at the time of determination, and proportion of patients showing corticosteroid resistance was significantly higher in the cytomegalovirus-infected group (59.1 percent) than in the non-cytomegalovirus-infected group (13.6 percent). The prevalence of endoscopically severe ulcerative colitis was higher in patients with cytomegalovirus antigenemia than in those without cytomegalovirus antigenemia (P = 0.016). Ganciclovir was administered to 12 of 16 ulcerative colitis patients with complicating cytomegalovirus infection, and was found to be effective in 8 (66.7 percent).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is not easy to make a diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection complicating ulcerative colitis based on clinical features, including endoscopic biopsy. On the other hand, blood examination for the detection of cytomegalovirus antigenemia in corticosteroid-resistant patients, particularly in relatively elderly patients, may enable diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection with a high sensitivity and allow effective treatment to be administered in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matake
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yorioka
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Tsuneyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haraoka
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwashita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015774:Ganciclovir