title: Acute-phase proteins among patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether young type 1 diabetic patients without clinical microvascular or macrovascular complications have altered levels of acute-phase proteins (AFP), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen and whether their AFP levels are related to glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied cross-sectionally 48 type 1 diabetic outpatients (25 males) aged 19.9 +/- 9.8 years with a duration of diabetes of 5 (1-21) years, without clinical chronic complications and 66 non-diabetic subjects (26 males) aged 23.1 +/- 10.9 years. Inclusion criteria were normoalbuminuria, normal eye fundoscopy, and no evidence of cardiovascular disease or neuropathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High CRP [0.23 (0.01-2.90 l) vs (0.14 (0.01-2.41l) mg/dl p=0.01] and AGP [53.5(40-78) vs 40.0(40-115) mg/dl p=0.0001] levels were found in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to nondiabetic subjects. In the pooled group studied, AGP was correlated with CRP, HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and AER and CRP was correlated with HbA(1c) and AER. The correlation of AGP and CRP with AER persisted after controlling for HbA(1c) and FBG. Stepwise multiple regression with AGP as the dependent variable showed that FBG and HbA(1c) were the significant independent variables. No correlation between AFP and HBA(1c) and FBG was observed in the diabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our results, AFP, a known marker of low-grade chronic inflammation, are increased in patients with type 1 diabetes probably independently of glycemic control and the presence of clinical microvascular or macrovascular disease. The influence of AFP on the development of chronic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes must be addressed in prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. mariliab@uerj.br
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Matos
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D005340:Fibrinogen; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D009961:Orosomucoid; D014280:Triglycerides