title: Support measures to improve night and shift work conditions in Thailand: a case study in a glass factory.
abstract: The present study aimed to examine the working conditions of shift workers in a multinational enterprise in Thailand and to identify practical support measures for improvements. A multinational, glass-manufacturing factory employing 1,500 workers was selected as the research site. Three shift systems in three teams were adopted. A direct observation study and a fatigue feeling monitoring study were carried out to compare the differences between different shifts. A 10-day time-budget study was conducted for 30 shift workers to know their work and sleep patterns. The direct observation study identified safety and health risks during the night work periods. The risks included insufficient lighting, height gaps on the floor, excessive exposure to heat, inappropriate workstations, and sleepiness and fatigue feelings among shift workers. Working consecutive double shifts and overtime work was often seen. An advisory meeting was held based on the study findings to assist managers and workers in improving their working conditions. A follow-up visit six months later confirmed that the glass factory implemented several improvements to help night and shift workers. It was concluded that the direct observation methods associated with the time-budget study were helpful for identifying practical action points and strengthening workplace initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaikittiporn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kogi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006804:Ergonomics; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013785:Thailand; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data