title: Feasibility and short-term efficacy of percutaneous mitral annular reduction for the therapy of heart failure-induced mitral regurgitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitral regurgitation (MR) frequently accompanies congestive heart failure (CHF) and is associated with poorer prognosis and more significantly impaired symptomatic status. Although surgical mitral valve annuloplasty has the potential to offer benefit, concerns about the combined surgical risk and possible effects on ventricular performance have limited progress. We evaluated the feasibility and short-term efficacy of a novel device placed in the coronary sinus to reduce MR in the setting of CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CHF and MR were induced in 9 adult sheep by rapid ventricular pacing for 5 to 8 weeks. A mitral annular constraint device was implanted percutaneously through the right internal jugular vein in the coronary sinus and great cardiac vein to create a short-term stable reduction (24.9+/-2.5%) in the mitral annular septal-lateral dimension as assessed echocardiographically. Right and left heart pressures and cardiac output were determined before and 15 minutes after device implantation. MR extent was examined echocardiographically and expressed as a ratio of left atrial area (MR/LAA). After device placement, MR was substantially reduced from an MR/LAA of 42+6% to 4+/-3% (P<0.01). In association, mean pulmonary wedge pressure was significantly reduced (26+/-3 to 18+/-3 mm Hg; P<0.01) and mean cardiac output significantly increased (3.4+/-0.3 to 4.3+/-0.4 L/min; P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model of CHF, percutaneous placement of a mitral annular constraint device in the coronary sinus resulted in the short-term elimination or minimization of MR and was accompanied in the short term by favorable hemodynamic effects.
authors.affiliation: Wynn Department of Metabolic Cardiology, Baker Heart Research Institute, P.O. Box 6492, St Kilda Rd Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia. d.kaye@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Clif
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alferness
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Power
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D012756:Sheep