title: Enzyme-linked sensitive fluorometric imaging of glutamate release from cerebral neurons of chick embryos.
abstract: This paper describes a method for imaging the endogenous release of glutamate from cerebral neurons. This method is based on the reactions of glutamate oxidase and peroxidase, and on the detection of hydrogen peroxide by a fluorescent substrate of peroxidase. Glutamate has been sensitively measured in vitro in the range of 20 nM to 1 microM. We used two types of Ca(2+) channel inhibitors, MK-801 and omega-Conotoxin GVIA, which act to suppress Ca(2+) transport at postsynaptic and presynaptic neurons, respectively. MK-801 did not inhibit the increase in glutamate release after KCl stimulation, while there was no increase in glutamate release after KCl stimulation when omega-Conotoxin GVIA was used, probably due to the inhibition of voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels in the presynapse. Glutamate release and Ca(2+) flow in the synaptic regions were imaged using a laser confocal fluorescence microscope. KCl-evoked glutamate release was localized around cell bodies linked to axon terminals. This procedure allows imaging that can be sensitively detected by the fluorometric enzymatic assay of endogenous glutamate release in synapses.
authors.affiliation: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology School of Materials Science, 1-1 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1292.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashigasako
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Degenaar
authors.forename: Shinichirou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.forename: Quamrul
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D005470:Fluorometry; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D009195:Peroxidase