title: Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of 16 insect repellents in aerosol sprays to adult mosquitoes.
abstract: Sixteen commercial insect repellents (6 botanical and 10 synthetic organic products) in spray formulations were evaluated in the laboratory for adult knockdown (KD) and mortality of laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus. All tested products produced significant posttreatment KD and 24 h mortality of all 3 mosquito species. In our study, the synthetic organic repellents induced faster KD and KD of higher magnitude in adult mosquitoes than the botanical product repellents except geraniol-based MosquitoSafe. All tested formulations except 2 botanical repellent products caused 100% 24 h mortality of Ae. aegypti and all but 1 caused 100% 24 h mortality of Ae. albolpictus and An. quadrimaculatus.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA.
authors.forename: Rui-De
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Arshad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Barnard
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009032:Mosquito Control
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D007302:Insect Repellents