title: Risk factors for incident self-reported arthritis in a 20 year followup of the Alameda County Study Cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This longitudinal study examined the following variables as possible risk factors for self-reported arthritis: age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, leisure-time physical activity, cigarette use, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, education, income, and hard physical work.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, 1149 women and 964 men from the Alameda County Study Cohort without self-reported arthritis in 1974 were assessed for incident self-reported arthritis in 1994.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariate model, the following variables were associated with increased odds of incident arthritis: increasing age (age 45-49, odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.40-2.85; age 50+, OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.32-4.22), BMI for women only (4th quintile, OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.05-2.60; 5th quintile, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.19-2.95), female sex (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.20-1.83), and >/= 5 depressive symptoms (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12-2.10). Leisure-time physical activity in the highest quartile was protective (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.95). All other factors were not associated with arthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that depressive symptoms, as well as age, sex, and BMI, are independent risk factors for arthritis. This is the first longitudinal population based study to examine and establish that prior depressive symptoms are a risk factor for arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Control Section, California Department of Health Services, 1616 Capitol Avenue, MS 7212, Sacramento, CA 94234-7320, USA.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Seavey
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001168:Arthritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012650:Self Disclosure