Human biomonitoring of pyrethrum and pyrethroid insecticides used indoors: determination of the metabolites E-cis/trans-chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization.
This work describes a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method employing negative chemical ionization (NCI) for the determination of E-cis/trans-chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid (CDCA) in human urine used as a biomarker for the exposure to pyrethrum and/or certain pyrethroids in insecticide formulations applied indoors. Mixed-mode solid phase extraction was utilized for sample cleanup. Extraction recoveries ranged from 92 to 104% (2-9% R.S.D.). The acids were esterified with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) allowing both their gas chromatographic separation and their sensitive mass spectrometric detection under NCI conditions. Detection limits of ca. 0.05 microg/l urine were achieved.
Elflein
L
L
Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Berger-Preiss
E
E
Preiss
A
A
Elend
M
M
Levsen
K
K
Wünsch
G
G
D002138:Calibration; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C007051:chrysanthemic acid