title: Diurnal variations in cycling kinematics.
abstract: Physiological and biomechanical constraints as well as their fluctuations throughout the day must be considered when studying determinant factors in the preferred pedaling rate of elite cyclists. The aim of this study was to monitor the diurnal variation of spontaneous pedaling rate and movement kinematics over the crank cycle. Twelve male competitive cyclists performed a submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer for 15 min at 50% of their W(max). Two test sessions were performed at 06:00 and 18:00 h on two separate days to assess diurnal variation in the study variables. For each test session, the exercise bout was divided into three equivalent 5-min periods during which subjects were requested to use different pedal rates (spontaneous cadence, 70 and 90 rev min(-1)). Pedal rate and kinematics data (instantaneous pedal velocity and angle of the ankle) were collected. The results show a higher spontaneous pedal rate in the late afternoon than in the early morning (p < 0.001). For a given pedal rate condition, there was a less variation in pedal velocity during a crank cycle in the morning than in the late afternoon. Moreover, diurnal variations were observed in ankle mobility across the crank cycle, the mean plantar flexion observed throughout the crank cycle being greater in the 18:00 h test session (p < 0.001). These results suggest that muscular activation patterns during a cyclical movement could be under the influence of circadian fluctuations.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives (CRAPS UPRES EA2131), UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moussay
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bessot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larue
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sesboüe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davenne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D055095:Optics and Photonics