title: Evaluation of two mycotoxin binders to reduce toxicity of broiler diets containing ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin contaminated grain.
abstract: In order to assess ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin (T-2) binding ability of two commercial sorbents, both in vitro and in vivo trials with broilers were performed. Crude OA and T-2 extracts from contaminated grain were used to assess in vitro binding ability of two sorbents (Zeotek [Zk] and Mycofix [Mx]), by quantifying free mycotoxin through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. For in vivo trial, a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used for this experiment, being the factors: adsorbents (none, Zk, and Mx), OA (0 and 567 parts per billion [ppb]) and T-2 (0 and 927 ppb). OA and T-2 contaminated wheat and corn, respectively, were added to sorghum-soybean meal diets to meet 567 ppb of OA and 927 ppb of T-2. Mycotoxins were fed alone or combined in treatments. After 21 days, blood chemistry, gross, and histological evaluations were performed. Relative weights of liver, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were obtained. Zk had the highest OA and T-2 in vitro binding ability (100% and 8.67%, respectively). Chickens fed OA with or without sorbents had a lower body weight and feed intake reduction. However, those birds fed T-2 were partly protected by a sorbent. Birds fed both toxins showed toxic additive effects, and no protection of any adsorbent was observed. A significant reduction in plasma proteins, albumin, and globulins was a characteristic observed in all birds fed diets with OA both with or without adsorbents. Uric acid level in blood was increased in all chickens fed OA-contaminated diets. Histological findings observed in birds fed OA-contaminated diets were necrosis of kidney tubular cells, swollen and necrotic hepatocytes, bile ducts hyperplasia, and increased diameter of proventriculus glands. In birds that received T-2 alone, only the liver, with the same kind of lesions, was affected. According to these results, it can be concluded that there is not a relation between in vitro and in vivo trials. OA toxic effects could not be counteracted by any sorbent. T-2 toxicity could be partially counteracted by an adsorbent used in this research.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Avicola, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Calle Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Zapotitián, Delegación Tláhuac, México City, México.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosiles
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Petrone
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D013605:T-2 Toxin