title: Phylogenetic analyses and expression studies reveal two distinct groups of calreticulin isoforms in higher plants.
abstract: Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. Here, we present the first analysis, to our knowledge, of evolutionary diversity and expression profiling among different plant CRT isoforms. Phylogenetic studies and expression analysis show that higher plants contain two distinct groups of CRTs: a CRT1/CRT2 group and a CRT3 group. To corroborate the existence of these isoform groups, we cloned a putative CRT3 ortholog from Brassica rapa. The CRT3 gene appears to be most closely related to the ancestral CRT gene in higher plants. Distinct tissue-dependent expression patterns and stress-related regulation were observed for the isoform groups. Furthermore, analysis of posttranslational modifications revealed differences in the glycosylation status among members within the CRT1/CRT2 isoform group. Based on evolutionary relationship, a new nomenclature for plant CRTs is suggested. The presence of two distinct CRT isoform groups, with distinct expression patterns and posttranslational modifications, supports functional specificity among plant CRTs and could account for the multiple functional roles assigned to CRTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden. staffan.persson@plantbio.lu.se
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenquist
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Rafaelo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.forename: Wendy F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sommarin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006031:Glycosylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037282:Calreticulin; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms