title: Functional disturbance of biliary indocyanine green excretion in rat cerulein pancreatitis followed by endotoxemia: role of the prime and the second attack.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic injury is considered one of the critical complications associated with acute pancreatitis. It was proposed that initial insults to the liver in the early phase of the attack have an important priming effect, and the subsequent infectious attack (e.g. infectious pancreatic necrosis, bacterial translocation episode) constitutes a second attack on the liver.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of priming by induction of cerulein pancreatitis and a following second attack by endotoxemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma clearance and biliary excretion of indocyanine green (a hepatophillic hydrophobic organic anion).
  
  
  METHODS
  A model of acute pancreatitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of rats: untreated control, cerulein pancreatitis, endotoxemia and endotoxemia following the induction of cerulein pancreatitis (pancreatitis + endotoxemia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biliary indocyanine green excretion was significantly disturbed only in the pancreatitis + endotoxemia group. Plasma clearance (a reflection of hepatic uptake) of indocyanine green from the blood was only slightly affected in endotoxemia group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biliary secretion is quite sensitive to this hepatic injury model. Both the preceding priming insult and the following second attack are important in the development of hepatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Kumamoto University Medical School. Kumamoto, Japan. mhirota@kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002108:Ceruletide / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008111:Liver Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002108:Ceruletide; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D007208:Indocyanine Green