title: Risk factors for pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The identification of factors which increase the risk of acute pancreatitis, the most common and most severe complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), is of considerable importance. However, in four large prospective studies, the reported incidence of identified risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis was found to be variable. The aim of this study was to identify the most important risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a meta-analysis of 15 prospective clinical studies, selected out of 52 reviewed articles, in which risk factors for pancreatitis were identified. Of the 14 risk factors identified, five were patient characteristics and nine were related to the endoscopic technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When patient-related risk factors were analysed, the relative risk for suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction was 4.09 (95 % CI 3.37 to 4.96; P < 0.001); for female gender, 2.23 (95 % CI 1.75 to 2.84, P < 0.001); and for previous pancreatitis, 2.46 (95 % CI 1.93 to 3.12, P < 0.001). Two endoscopy-related factors were confirmed: for precut sphincterotomy the relative risk was 2.71 (95 % CI 2.02 to 3.63, P < 0.001); for pancreatic injection the relative risk was 2.2 (95 % CI 1.6 to 3.01, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis provides a clear basis for planning pharmacological studies or studies of new endoscopic techniques in patients at high risk of developing post-ERCP pancreatitis. Knowing which patients are most at risk may also make it easier to decide who should be considered unsuitable for same-day discharge.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Endoscopic Unit, S Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. masci.enzo@hsr.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curioni
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Testoni
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic