The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders and comorbidity in a large population-based sample of British children and adolescents.


METHODS
Using a one-phase design, 10,438 children were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), a structured interview with verbatim reports reviewed by clinicians so that information from parents, teachers, and children was combined in a manner that emulated the clinical process. The authors' analysis examined comorbidity and the influence of teacher reports.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of DSM-IV disorders was 9.5% (95% confidence interval 8.8-10.1%), but 2.1% of children were assigned "not otherwise specified" rather than operationalized diagnoses. After adjusting for the presence of a third disorder, there was no longer significant comorbidity between anxiety and conduct disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or between depression and oppositional defiant disorder. A comparison of the disorders in children with and without teacher reports suggested that the prevalence of conduct disorders and ADHD would be underestimated in the absence of teacher information.


CONCLUSIONS
Roughly 1 in 10 children have at least one DSM-IV disorder, involving a level of distress or social impairment likely to warrant treatment. Comorbidity reported between some childhood diagnoses may be due to the association of both disorders with a third. Diagnoses of conduct disorder and ADHD may be missed if information is not sought from teachers about children's functioning in school.
Ford
Tamsin
T
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London SE58AF, England. t.ford@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Goodman
Robert
R
Meltzer
Howard
H
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012919:Social Behavior; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology