title: Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in young adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms in young adolescents and examine associations between symptoms and sociodemographic and behavioral factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey data from 3621 seventh grade students from 16 middle schools were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated depressive symptoms were reported by 40% of girls and 30% of boys. Socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and age group were independently associated with depressive symptomatology. For girls, monthly alcohol use, monthly smoking, heavy drinking, and inhalant use were significant correlates. For boys, monthly alcohol use and inhalant use were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated depressive symptomatology was a prevalent problem. Substance use was often associated with depressive symptoms, especially among girls.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. kubik002@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: Martha Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kubik
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*