title: Autoimmune aspects of cytokine and anticytokine therapies.
abstract: Cytokines and anticytokines are used increasingly in the treatment of immune, autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, and malignant disorders. Commonly used treatments include the anti-tumor necrosis factor agents interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon gamma, and interleukin 2. Several autoimmune phenomena have been reported in patients treated with these substances. This review summarizes the published data on the autoimmune manifestations associated with cytokine and anticytokine therapies, as well as describes possible mechanisms of these phenomena.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Schneider's Children Medical Center of Israel, Petah-Tiqva, Israel.
authors.forename: Irit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valesini
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scrivo
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016899:Interferon-beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma