title: Phosphorylation of MAP kinase in corneal epithelial cells during wound healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), such as p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), in corneal epithelial cells during the wound healing process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single non-penetrating incision was produced on rat cornea. Then the corneal wound healing process was observed with an immunocytochemical technique using specific antibodies reacting only with phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK or SAPK. Cell lysates of corneal epithelial cells in rabbits stimulated with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were processed for Western blot using antibodies to phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum activation of p44/42 MAPK was observed in wing and basal cells at wounded regions in rat cornea at 1 hour after the incision. Activation of p44/42 MAPK was still detected in all basal and wing cells at wounded regions at up to 24 hours when the incisions were completely closed, and then receded to normal intensity after 7 days. Neither p38 MAPK nor SAPK were activated during the wound healing process. Western blot analysis of cultured corneal epithelial cells in rabbits showed phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK after 30 minutes in response to KGF and HGF, whereas non-activated p44/42 MAPK was ordinarily detected even at the absence of KGF or HGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that p44/42 MAPK is activated during the corneal wound healing process and suggest that KGF and HGF play an important role in initiation of cell migration and proliferation in the initial wound healing process by activating p44/42 MAPK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. imayasu-m@menicon-net.co.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imayasu
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014945:Wound Healing; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: C496455:Fgf7 protein, rat; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases