title: Effects of mud pack treatment on skin microcirculation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to conduct a laser-Doppler flowmetry investigation of skin microcirculation changes induced by mud pack therapy. The magnitude of the changes, potential remote effects, and potential influence of mud pack thickness were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty female spa therapy patients aged 28-67 years (median, 51 years) participated in the study. The reason for spa therapy was lower limb venous insufficiency in 14 patients and osteoarthritis in six patients, none of whom had involvement of the shoulders. Mud pack treatment was associated with a significant elevation in skin temperature, by 1.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C with the 30- and 15-mm packs, respectively (P < 0.001 for both comparisons; nonsignificant difference between the two packs). Skin blood flow increased significantly, by 619 +/- 82 and 410 +/- 124 mV with the 30- and 15-mm packs, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons; nonsignificant difference between the two packs). The vasomotion score increased markedly on the treated side, by 16.7 +/- 2.8 and 13.0 +/- 1.6 with the 30- and 15-mm packs, respectively (P < 0.005 for both comparisons; no significant difference between the two packs). Furthermore, low-frequency vasomotion waves of a type not described previously were recorded. The microcirculatory changes lasted longer than did the temperature increase. No significant changes were noted in the other shoulder or in central body temperature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were volunteers receiving spa therapy and free of diabetes mellitus, vasoactive drug treatment, and inflammatory shoulder disease. Two mud packs, 15 and 30 mm in thickness, respectively, were applied at an interval of 48 h, at the same time of day in a given patient, and at a distance from other spa treatments. The packs were centered on the deltopectoral groove. The side and order of application of the two packs were determined at random. Superficial skin blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry (Perimed PF4001, wavelength 82 nm) and recorded by the Perisoft computer program with a 3-s time constant downstream from a broadband filter (12 MHz).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the vascular changes induced by mud pack therapy are not fully explained by vasodilation in response to local temperature elevation. Further studies are in order to identify the other mechanisms involved.
authors.affiliation: La Léchère University Research Center, Joseph Fourier University, 73260 La Léchère, Savoie, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poensin
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Féchoz
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasparini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009094:Mud Therapy; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects*; D012782:Shoulder; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy