title: Visualization of interscapular brown adipose tissue using (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin in pediatric patients.
abstract: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a site of nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals. The mitochondria of BAT operate in an uncoupled mode and increase fatty acid oxidation to produce heat at birth. Thus, the BAT of human infants and children contains more active mitochondria than that of adults. We surmised that because (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin can be absorbed by functional mitochondria in the myocardium and in tumor cells, it could reveal mitochondrial function in BAT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1999 and December 2002, we retrospectively analyzed 385 consecutive studies of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin uptake in pediatric patients with cardiac disorders. All patients with symmetric (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin accumulation within the neck and shoulder region according to planar images were selected, and the features of the uptake were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased symmetric (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin uptake in the interscapular BAT was a typical profile of 65 of the 385 patients (17%). The frequency of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin uptake was significantly higher in winter than in spring or summer (P < 0.05) and prominent in newborns. The frequency peaked between 0 and 2 y of age and then declined with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gamma-camera imaging with (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin can reveal interscapular BAT distribution in infants and children in terms of mitochondrial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan. kfukuchi@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakahata
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012540:Scapula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D012782:Shoulder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C078700:technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin