title: Linezolid for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are becoming increasingly prevalent. Linezolid is effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of adults with MRSA infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of iv/oral linezolid in children with MRSA infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from two independent clinical trials. In an outpatient trial children (5 to 17 years of age) with uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) were treated with linezolid or cefadroxil. In an inpatient trial hospitalized children (0 to 11 years of age) with pneumonia, bacteremia or complicated SSSI caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens were administered iv linezolid with the option to switch to oral suspension (patients >90 days of age) or iv vancomycin. A subset of patients with MRSA infections from the two clinical trials is analyzed herein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the outpatient trial children with skin infections caused by MRSA were treated with linezolid (15 patients) and cefadroxil (10 patients). In the microbiologically evaluable population, the clinical cure rate was 92.3% in the linezolid group and 85.7% in the cefadroxil group (P = 0.64). The pathogen eradication rate for MRSA was 92.3 and 85.7% in the linezolid and cefadroxil groups, respectively (P = 0.64). There were very few adverse events or drug-related adverse events and no serious adverse events in the outpatient trial. In the inpatient trial 20 children treated with linezolid and 14 treated with vancomycin had infections caused by MRSA. In the microbiologically evaluable population, the clinical cure rate was 94.1% in the linezolid group and 90.0% in the vancomycin group (P = 0.69). Pathogen eradication rates were 88.2 and 90.0% for the linezolid and vancomycin groups, respectively (P = 0.89). Susceptibility patterns of the MRSA isolates showed distinct patterns between the outpatient and inpatient trials. In the inpatient trial fewer patients in the linezolid group had drug-related adverse events than did those in the vancomycin group (20% vs. 43%; P = 0.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous/oral linezolid is effective and well-tolerated in children with MRSA infections.
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital MC 3-2371, 6621 Fannin Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA. skaplan@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Sheldon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Behnoosh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Afghani
authors.forename: Pio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Elba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fleishaker
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edge-Padbury
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naberhuis-Stehouwer
authors.forename: Jon B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bruss
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002434:Cefadroxil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D010045:Outpatients; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D002434:Cefadroxil; D000069349:Linezolid