title: Adaptative value of a PKC-PKI55 feedback loop of inhibition that prevents the kinase's deregulation.
abstract: A 168-bp amplification product was obtained in RT-PCR experiments using a degenerate oligonucleotide designed on a five-amino acid sequence of IN, a 7-kDa protein, previously characterized as a PKC inhibitor. It was included in the coding ORF of the 1530-bp-long IMAGE clone ID 38900 (accession numbers R51337 and R51448) that produces a translation product of 6.5 kDa. The translation of the ORF conceptual reading frame allowed the preparation of the synthetic protein PKI55, which was found to inhibit and degrade both untreated nPKC d isozymes and activated cPKC isozymes. The PKI55 gene is localized in chromosome 2q35. The Repeat Maskers output showed a 533-bp-long LTR32/ERVL segment that included the PKI55 coding sequence and a complete regulatory region. The coding sequence and the structure of PKI55 were detected in a brain cDNA of Macaca fascicularis (diverged from human lineages about 25 Myr ago). Three other human genes with over 60% identities with PKI55 were identified in three different loci (i.e., chromosomes 10, 15, and 20.) Synthesis of PKI55 was stimulated by PKC activation. A feedback loop of inhibition is established. When the PKCs are overactivated, PKI55 induces degradation of the enzyme and prevents the isozyme overexpression implicated in a number of important diseases including cancer, diabetes, and disorders of the immune system. The presence of the PKI55 sequence in Macaca fascicularis as well as in human chromosomes 10, 15, and 20 indicates a selective advantage for the PKI55 sequence and the adaptive value of the feedback mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selvatici
authors.forename: Edon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Melloni
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrati
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piubello
authors.forename: Flaminia Cesare
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Marincola
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gandini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011493:Protein Kinase C