title: [Utilization of school lunch dietary data to estimate theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) of selected pesticide residues].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The theoretical maximum intake values of pesticides by body weight (TMI) were estimated for school children and the differences in district and age-group were compared. Furthermore TMI values for children (7-11 years old) were calculated from Japanese National Nutrition Survey (NNS) data. Our TMI values for school children were compared with those from NNS data and evaluated to assess whether our values were appropriate for use in the calculation of theoretical maximum of daily intake (TMDI) of the pesticides.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TMI values of pesticides for children were estimated using the intake amounts of agricultural products calculated from school lunch data in three elementary school districts (in Hyogo, Tokyo and Yamagata prefectures) and the survey of data from meals at home. Furthermore, TMI values for children (7-11 years old) were estimated from NNS data relating to agricultural products intake. Target pesticides for TMI calculations were chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, fenbutatin oxide, malathion, meltribuzin, oxamyl, permethrin and vamidothion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMI of malathion from school lunch data corresponded to 58% of ADI and was too large for exposure from one meal in comparison to other pesticides (8-24%). Our estimations of TMI of chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, oxamyl and vamidothion in the school lunches were smaller than those from the NNS data. However TMI of malathion calculated from the school lunch data was larger than that from the NNS data. TMI of fenbutatin oxide, meltribuzin and permethrin from the school lunch data were similar to those from the NNS data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TMI values for children in three districts depended upon the agricultural products used in school lunches. Even though the survey methods differed between the NNS's and our data, the TMI values closely corresponded. We concluded that the school lunch data might compensate for the lack of NNS data in order to estimate more appropriate TMDI for children's ingestion of agricultural products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Management, Hyogo University, Hyogo.
authors.forename: Toshiyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshiike
authors.forename: Hidemasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005504:Food Analysis; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues