title: Endonuclease genes up-regulated in tissues undergoing programmed cell death are expressed during male gametogenesis in barley.
abstract: In the process of programmed cell death (PCD), a key role has been attributed to endonucleases capable to cleave nuclear DNA at internucleosomal sites. In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), two such nucleases (Bnuc1 and BEN1) were individually identified in unrelated tissues. In the present work, we demonstrate that their genes are also expressed in immature anthers at different stages of pollen development. Further experiments carried out on RNA extracted from immature barley anthers led to discover a novel endonuclease gene, namely Bnuc2 (AJ311603 in the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases), eventually found up-regulated at the tetrad stage. The protein encoded was found to conserve large sequence portions of Bnuc1 and BEN1 endonucleases, including the domain regions involved in secretion and DNA/RNA binding. A survey conducted on barley EST libraries showed that Bnuc2 and BEN1 mRNAs are jointly present also in the transcriptome of 20 DAP spike and that other endonuclease ESTs are co-expressed with Bnuc1 or BEN1 in tissues where PCD has been recorded. Therefore, it can be concluded that during the PCD process, a set of S1-type endonucleases is synthesised regardless of the tissue considered.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale e Tecnologie Agrarie, Università di Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Giusi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaina
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morassutti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Amicis
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fogher
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchetti
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics*; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D004720:Endonucleases; C113184:BEN1 protein, barley