title: Incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid into nerve membrane phospholipids: bridging the gap between animals and cultured cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional maturation of nervous tissues depends on membrane accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Animal studies have shown that incorporation of dietary DHA into membrane phospholipids is dose dependent. The molecular effects of DHA are commonly studied in cultured cells, but questions remain about the physiologic connection between animal and cell models.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We developed a linear model for comparing the responses of rat nervous tissues to dietary DHA with the responses of human cell lines to DHA in medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were rendered chronically deficient in n-3 fatty acids by being reared on a peanut oil diet. DHA status was replenished in the F2 generation by using increasing supplements of a microalgal oil. Human retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma cells were dosed with unesterified DHA. DHA accumulation into phospholipids was defined by the plateau of the dose-response curve (DHA(max)) and by the supplement required to produce one-half the DHA(max) (DHA(50)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DHA(max) values for 4 brain regions and 2 neuroblastoma lines were similar, and the value for the retinoblastoma line was similar to the retinal value. Expressing the DHA input as micro mol/10 g diet and as micro mol/L medium resulted in similar values for the ratio of DHA(max) to DHA(50) in the 4 brain regions and the 3 cell lines. The DHA(max)-DHA(50) ratios in the ethanolamine phosphoglyceride and phosphatidylcholine fractions in retinal phospholipids were 6 and 10 times, respectively, those in the brain and cultured cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose-dependent responses of cells and the brain to DHA supplements can be compared by using DHA(max)-DHA(50) ratios. We propose a counting frame that allows the comparison of the dose responses of the brain and cells to exogenous DHA.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Food Safety Laboratory, Neurobiology of Lipids, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France. alessand@jouy.inra.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alessandri
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poumès-Ballihaut
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Langelier
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Perruchot
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raguénez
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavialle
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guesnet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008566:Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids