title: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates cardiac valve formation.
abstract: Truncation of the tumour suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) constitutively activates the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Apc has a role in development: for example, embryos of mice with truncated Apc do not complete gastrulation. To understand this role more fully, we examined the effect of truncated Apc on zebrafish development. Here we show that, in contrast to mice, zebrafish do complete gastrulation. However, mutant hearts fail to loop and form excessive endocardial cushions. Conversely, overexpression of Apc or Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1), a secreted Wnt inhibitor, blocks cushion formation. In wild-type hearts, nuclear beta-catenin, the hallmark of activated canonical Wnt signalling, accumulates only in valve-forming cells, where it can activate a Tcf reporter. In mutant hearts, all cells display nuclear beta-catenin and Tcf reporter activity, while valve markers are markedly upregulated. Concomitantly, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, normally restricted to endocardial cushions, occur throughout the endocardium. Our findings identify a novel role for Wnt/beta-catenin signalling in determining endocardial cell fate.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Hubrecht Laboratory and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adam F L
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hurlstone
authors.forename: Anna-Pavlina G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Haramis
authors.forename: Erno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wienholds
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Begthel
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korving
authors.forename: Fredericus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Eeden
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cuppen
authors.forename: Danica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zivkovic
authors.forename: Ronald H A
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Plasterk
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clevers
mesh_terms: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D019070:Cell Lineage; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017491:Genes, APC; D005838:Genotype; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C501126:DKK1 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C495269:ctnnb1 protein, zebrafish; C501128:dkk1b protein, zebrafish; C094522:wnt8b protein, zebrafish