title: Effect of activated protein C on plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with alteplase: comparison with unfractionated heparin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether activated protein C (APC) is an effective conjunctive therapy to thrombolysis in patients with ST-segment-elevated acute myocardial infarction (AMl).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Activated protein C possesses both systemic anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been also shown to enhance fibrinolysis by inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  After successful thrombolysis with alteplase, study patients were assigned to receive one of the two conjunctive therapies for 48 h intravenously: human plasma-derived APC at 0.06 mg/kg per day (APC group, n = 9) or unfractionated heparin at 100 to 400 U/kg per day, adjusted to maintain an activated partial thromboplastin time at 1.5 to 2 times of the control level (heparin group, n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse events, including reocclusion of the recanalized infarct-related coronary artery and major or minor hemorrhagic complications, occurred more frequently in the heparin group (4 of 10 cases) than in the APC group (none of 9 cases) (p = 0.033). In the heparin group, plasma PAI activity (IU/ml, median value [range]) was increased continuously from 8 to 24 h after thrombolysis and peaked at 24 h (30.9 [11.3 to 38.5]); on the other hand, it was not increased in the APC group at 24 h after thrombolysis (11.3 [0.0 to 31.0], p < 0.01 vs. heparin group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of APC suppressed increasing of plasma PAI activity observed after thrombolysis in patients with AMI. The effect of APC could be more eligible, compared with heparin, as a conjunctive regimen to thrombolysis in AMI patients.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. tom@kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takazoe
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okajima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011486:Protein C / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011486:Protein C; D006493:Heparin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator