title: Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric chemical dominance, and peptic ulcer disease.
abstract: The isoprenoid pathway produces three key metabolites--endogenous digoxin-like factor (EDLF) (membrane sodium-potassium ATPase inhibitor and regulator of neurotransmitter transport), ubiquinone (free radical scavenger), and dolichol (regulator of glycoconjugate metabolism). The pathway was assessed in peptic ulcer and acid peptic disease and its relation to hemispheric dominance studied. The activity of HMG CoA reductase, serum levels of EDLF, magnesium, tryptophan catabolites, and tyrosine catabolites were measured in acid peptic disease, right hemispheric dominant, left hemispheric dominant, and bihemispheric dominant individuals. All the patients with peptic ulcer disease were right-handed/left hemispheric dominant by the dichotic listening test. The pathway was upregulated with increased EDLF synthesis in peptic ulcer disease (PUD). There was increase in tryptophan catabolites and reduction in tyrosine catabolites in these patients. The ubiquinone levels were low and free radical production increased. Dolichol and glycoconjugate levels were increased and lysosomal stability reduced in patients with acid peptic disease (APD). There was increase in cholesterol:phospholipid ratio with decreased glyco conjugate levels in membranes of patients with PUD. Acid peptic disease represents an elevated EDLF state which can modulate gastric acid secretion and the structure of the gastric mucous barrier. It can also lead to persistence of Helicobacter pylori infection. The biochemical pattern obtained in peptic ulcer disease is similar to those obtained in left-handed/right hemispheric chemically dominant individuals. But all the patients with peptic ulcer disease were right-handed/left hemispheric dominant by the dichotic listen ing test. Hemispheric chemical dominance has no correlation with handedness or the dichotic listening test. Peptic ulcer disease occurs in right hemispheric chemically dominant individuals and is a reflection of altered brain function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Ravi Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kurup
authors.forename: Parameswara Achutha
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kurup
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002298:Cardenolides; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004007:Dichotic Listening Tests; D004077:Digoxin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004286:Dolichols / Q000378:metabolism; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000097:blood; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002298:Cardenolides; D004286:Dolichols; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D010743:Phospholipids; D012503:Saponins; C034504:digoxin-like factors; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014443:Tyrosine; D004077:Digoxin; D014364:Tryptophan; D002784:Cholesterol; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D008274:Magnesium