title: Incidence of stereopsis after treatment of infantile esotropia with botulinum toxin A.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of stereoscopic vision following surgery for infantile esotropia has been reported, but not from patients treated with simultaneous bimedial injection of botulinum toxin A. We previously reported other findings from 41 patients treated with botulinum toxin A before the age of 12 months. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of stereopsis in these patients after long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were acquired by recording the response to subjective stereoscopic testing during the postinjection follow-up period when reliable subjective responses could be obtained. At least 5 years had passed following injection, and the mean age of the patients was 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 41 patients, 11 were lost to follow-up, 10 had no stereopsis, 9 had gross stereopsis (according to Titmus fly tests), 1 had 800 seconds of stereoscopic vision, 2 had 400 seconds, 2 had 200 seconds, 1 had 60 seconds, and 5 had 40 seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, two-thirds of the patients acquired stereopsis following simultaneous bimedial injection of botulinum toxin A for infantile esotropia. Stereopsis acquisition following injection of botulinum toxin A had a success rate comparable with that reported for surgically corrected infantile esotropia. Bimedial injection of botulinum toxin A accompanied by alternate patching prior to injection and diligent attention at ages ranging from 4 to 12 months is a simple and efficacious method for the management of infantile esotropia.
authors.affiliation: Richmond Eye & Ear Hospital, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Keith W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: McNeer
authors.forename: Mary G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Guerry
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014787:Vision Tests
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A