title: Increased populations of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with gastric and esophageal cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and, to a lesser extent, peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with advanced-stage cancer have a poor immune response. Regulatory T cells (T-regs), characterized by coexpression of CD4 and CD25 markers, can inhibit the immune response mediated by CD4+/CD25- and CD8+ T cells. In the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of T-regs in peripheral blood and TILs in patients with gastric and esophageal cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population of CD4+/CD25+ cells as a percentage of total CD3+ cells was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis with triple-color staining. To assess the functional activity of CD4+/CD25+ cells, CD4+/CD25+ or CD4+/CD25- cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with magnetic beads. The cytokine production [interleukin (IL)-10 and IFN-gamma] from the CD4+/CD25+ cells in response to anti-CD3 stimulation was evaluated. Also, the antiproliferative function of CD4+/CD25+ cells was measured by evaluating the proliferative activity of CD4+/CD25- cells in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 in the presence of autologous CD4+/CD25+ cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of peripheral blood CD4+/CD25+ cells in both gastric (n = 20; 14.2 +/- 4.9%) and esophageal cancer patients (n = 10; 19.8 +/- 6.9%) was significantly higher than that in healthy donors (n = 16; 7.2 +/- 2.1%). The population of CD4+/CD25+ cells in the TILs of gastric cancer patients with advanced disease (19.8 +/- 4.5%) was significantly higher than that in TILs of patients with early-stage disease (4.8 +/- 2.1%) or that in intraepithelial lymphocytes of normal gastric mucosa (4.0 +/- 1.2%). As a functional consequence, CD4+/CD25+ cells did not produce IFN-gamma, whereas CD4+/CD25- cells secreted IFN-gamma. Moreover, CD4+/CD25+ cells produced large amounts of IL-10, whereas CD4+/CD25- cells secreted little IL-10. The proliferation of CD4+/CD25- cells was inhibited in the presence of CD4+/CD25+ cells in a dose-dependent manner, confirming that CD4+/CD25+ has an inhibitory activity corresponding to T-regs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The populations of CD4+/CD25+ T-regs in peripheral blood and TILs in patients with gastric and esophageal cancers were significantly higher in comparison with those in healthy donors or normal mucosa.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaida
authors.forename: Hidemitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma