title: Sexual health risks among young Thai women: implications for HIV/STD prevention and contraception.
abstract: This paper examines factors that may place female Thai adolescents and young adults at risk for HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancies. A total of 832 female vocational students participated in a cross-sectional audio-computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) survey after providing informed consent. The questionnaire covered: sociodemographic characteristics; knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to HIV and STDs; contraceptive practices; sexual experiences and behaviors; and drug use. Oral fluid was tested for HIV antibodies and urine was tested for illicit drugs and for the presence of gonococcal or chlamydial nucleic acids. A total of 359 women (43.1%) reported sexual intercourse history, with an average age at first sex of 17.6 years, and a 2.6 mean number of lifetime sex partners. Twenty-one percent of the entire sample reported coerced sexual contact or intercourse. Among those with sexual intercourse experience, 27.3% (n=98) had been pregnant and the majority of their most recent pregnancies were terminated. Three tested positive for HIV antibodies. Sexually active young Thai women report behaviors or experiences that may expose them to HIV/STD infection and unintended pregnancy in the future. These include unprotected intercourse, sexual coercion, low levels of contraceptive use, and drug and alcohol use. Culturally appropriate interventions that increase their awareness of and ability to respond to these sexual health risks are needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Denise Roth
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Chomnad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manopaiboon
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Wat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Uthaivoravit
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kilmarx
authors.forename: Frits
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Griensven
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003068:Coercion; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology