title: How to perform the perfect voiding cystourethrogram.
abstract: The voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) examination is a difficult investigation to perform and is a stressful experience for patients and their parents, as well as for the radiologists, technicians and paediatric radiology nurses involved in the examination. Despite the VCUG being one of the most commonly performed fluoroscopic procedures in paediatric radiology practice, there is no general consensus as to the best way to perform this investigation. This is particularly concerning when one considers the potentially high gonadal radiation dose children may receive. Because of this, we have undertaken a comprehensive literature review of various aspects of the test in order to determine the best way to perform the VCUG in modern paediatric radiology practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawalla
authors.forename: Rowena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: T Robin
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014554:Urination; D014567:Urography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media