title: Exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its association with respiratory ailments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of domestic passive smoking (cigarettes or narghile) on the development of respiratory ailments among children ages 10-15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students were recruited from five private schools in Beirut, and information on demographic, in-home smoking, and students' respiratory tract illnesses (cough, wheezing, runny nose, or nasal congestion) were collected from each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 625 students surveyed, 438 (70.1%) had at least one individual smoking at home. Compared with the nonexposed group, the odds ratio of having respiratory illness for children exposed to narghile or cigarette smoke were 2.3 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.1-5.1) and 3.2 (95% CI 1.9-5.4), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the well-established effect of smoking, domestic passive smoking of the misconceived "innocuous" habitual smoking device, narghile, is associated with significant respiratory health ailments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon. ht02@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.forename: Umayya
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Musharrafieh
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: El Roueiheb
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yunis
authors.forename: Wassim Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Almawi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution