title: Healing patterns in anogenital injuries: a longitudinal study of injuries associated with sexual abuse, accidental injuries, or genital surgery in the preadolescent child.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study healing patterns of anogenital trauma in prepubescent children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective 10-year study was conducted of 94 children who had anogenital trauma and were followed to healing and documented using a colposcope with 35-mm camera attachment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 13 boys and 81 girls were referred with injuries as a result of sexual assault or anogenital trauma. Hymenal injuries occurred in 37 cases; 2 transections healed after surgery, and 15 persisted unchanged. Partial tears, hymenal abrasions, or hematomas healed completely or with minor nonspecific changes. Of the 47 injuries to the posterior fourchette, 22 abrasions, hematomas, or tears healed completely; 12 tears healed with vascular changes; 2 developed labial fusions; 10 lacerations required surgery; and 6 scarred and 4 healed with vascular changes. Only 2 of 39 cases of perihymenal trauma healed with vascular changes. All 17 cases of labial trauma healed completely. Anal trauma healed completely in 29 of 31 with scarring occurring in only 2 cases that required surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anogenital trauma heals quickly, often without residua. Of the 94 cases, there were diagnostic anatomic changes in the 15 cases of hymenal transections (2 other cases healed completely with surgical reconstruction), 6 cases after surgical repair of posterior fourchette, and 2 cases of anal scarring after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. aheger@aol.com
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heppenstall-Heger
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ticson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lister
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zaragoza
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003127:Colposcopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005835:Genitalia / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006924:Hymen / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D022125:Lacerations / Q000473:pathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013519:Urogenital Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*