TLR4 signaling induces TLR2 expression in endothelial cells via neutrophil NADPH oxidase.
Interactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with endothelial cells may contribute to the activation of endothelial cell responses involved in innate immunity. We explored a novel function of PMN NADPH oxidase in the mechanism of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) upregulation induced by LPS-TLR4 signaling in endothelial cells. We showed that LPS induced TLR2 up-regulation through TLR4- and MyD88-dependent signaling. In neutropenic mice, the LPS-induced NF-kB activation and TLR2 expression were significantly reduced, and both responses were restored upon repletion by PMN obtained from WT mice but not by PMNs from NADPH oxidase gp91pho(-/-) mice. These findings were recapitulated in mouse lung vascular endothelial cells cocultured with PMNs, indicating that the augmented NF-kB activation and the resultant TLR2 upregulation in endothelial cells were secondary to oxidant signaling generated by PMN NADPH oxidase. The functional relevance of NADPH oxidase in mediating TLR4-induced TLR2 expression in endothelial cells was evident by markedly elevated and stable ICAM-1 expression as well as augmented PMN migration in response to sequential challenge with LPS and peptidoglycan. Thus, PMN NADPH oxidase-derived oxidant signaling is an important determinant of the cross talk between TLR4 and TLR2 and the control of endothelial cell activation.
Fan
Jie
J
Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Frey
Randall S
RS
Malik
Asrar B
AB
D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C056558:CYBB protein, human; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1