title: Frontiers in maxillofacial endoscopic surgery.
abstract: The use of endoscopically assisted techniques allows limited incisions for the open reduction of condylar process fractures. Intraoperative control after fracture reduction in areas of limited exposure and visibility is possible. In addition, the risk of facial nerve damage and extensive visible scars can be reduced by using minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. Although the use of endoscopically associated techniques in maxillofacial surgery offers many options and advantages, indications for open treatment of maxillofacial trauma have not changed. The repair of severely dislocated and comminuted fractures of the facial skeleton and major reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial structures still require extended exposure with traditional intraoral and extraoral approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. schoen@zmk2.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.forename: Nils-Claudius
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gellrich
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmelzeisen
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000639:trends; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000601:surgery