title: Guidance on individual monitoring programmes for radioisotopic techniques in molecular and cellular biology.
abstract: The radioisotope techniques used in molecular and cellular biology involve external and internal irradiation risk. The personal dosemeter may be a reasonable indicator for external irradiation. However, it is necessary to control the possible internal contamination associated with the development of these techniques. The aim of this project is to analyse the most usual techniques and to establish programmes of internal monitoring for specific radionuclides (32P, 35S, 14C, 3H, 125I and 131I). To elaborate these programmes it was necessary to analyse the radioisotope techniques. Two models have been applied (NRPB and IAEA) to the more significant techniques, according to the physical and chemical nature of the radionuclides, their potential importance in occupational exposure and the possible injury to the genetic material of the cell. The results allowed the identification of the techniques with possible risk of internal contamination. It was necessary to identify groups of workers that require individual monitoring. The risk groups have been established among the professionals exposed, according to different parameters: the general characteristics of receptor, the radionuclides used (the same user can work with one, two or three radionuclides at the same time) and the results of the models applied. Also a control group was established. The study of possible intakes in these groups has been made by urinalysis and whole-body counter. The theoretical results are coherent with the experimental results. They have allowed guidance to individual monitoring to be proposed. Basically, the document shows: (1) the analysis of the radiosotopic techniques, taking into account the special containment equipment; (2) the establishment of the need of individual monitoring; and (3) the required frequency of measurements in a routine programme.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Protección Radiológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier no 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain. mtmacias@iib.uam.es
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavara
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Robredo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lopez
mesh_terms: D003585:Cell Biology / Q000592:standards; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003947:Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope / Q000592:standards*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000592:standards; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D013030:Spain; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes