title: Mycobacterium bovis (bovine TB) exposure as a recreational risk for hunters: results of a Michigan Hunter Survey, 2001.
abstract: METHODS
  Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis (bovine TB) is endemic in the white-tailed deer population of north-eastern Michigan. Hunters may be exposed to M. bovis via cutaneous inoculation while field dressing deer or by ingestion of undercooked venison. Michigan hunters have received inconsistent messages about their risk of acquiring tuberculosis from recreational exposure to deer. The most common health advice offered has been to wear gloves while field dressing deer and to cook venison products thoroughly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Data were collected to quantify these self-protective activities and to characterize hunters practicing these activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2001, we surveyed 1833 hunters who had successfully harvested deer in or near Michigan's bovine TB endemic area in 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey response rate was 78%. Most hunters (89%) reported field dressing deer, 43% of whom wore gloves. Most hunters (95%) reported eating venison, 55% of whom reported their venison was always cooked thoroughly. Several hunter characteristics, including older age, female sex, higher awareness level, and area of residence, were significantly associated with the practice of these self-protective activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey results suggest that hunters should receive consistent advice encouraging glove use while field dressing deer and the thorough cooking of venison products before consumption.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Epidemiology, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, Michigan 48909, USA. wilkinsm@michigan.gov
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frawley
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boulton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002417:Cattle; D003670:Deer / Q000382:microbiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000209:etiology*