title: Targeting cytokines to inflammation sites.
abstract: To increase the half-life of a cytokine and target its activation specifically to disease sites, we have engineered a latent cytokine using the latency-associated protein (LAP) of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) fused via a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavage site to interferon (IFN)-beta at either its N or C terminus. The configuration LAP-MMP-IFN-beta resembles native TGF-beta and lacks biological activity until cleaved by MMPs, whereas the configuration IFN-beta-MMP-LAP is active. LAP provides for a disulfide-linked shell hindering interaction of the cytokine with its cellular receptors, conferring a very long half-life of 55 h in vivo. Mutations of the disulfide bonds in LAP abolish this latency. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory diseases specifically activate the latent cytokine, whereas serum samples do not. Intramuscular injection in arthritic mice of plasmid DNA encoding these constructs demonstrated a greater therapeutic effect of the latent as compared to the active forms.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vessillier
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dreja
authors.forename: Yuti
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chernajovsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010000:Osteitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins