title: Gray matter features of schizotypal disorder patients exhibiting the schizophrenia-related code types of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have suggested that several code types of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) are useful markers for identifying schizophrenia. We hypothesized that schizotypal disorder (STD) patients with such schizophrenia-related code types have the morphological brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Voxel-based morphometric analysis with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 99 software was used to investigate the differences in brain morphology between 14 STD patients with the schizophrenia-related code types of the MMPI and 28 normal individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The STD patients showed significantly decreased gray matter volume in the insular regions bilaterally and in the left entorhinal cortex, compared with the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that STD patients with the schizophrenia-related code types have volume reductions in these regions as an endophenotype that overlaps with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nohara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurachi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008950:MMPI / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology