title: Effects of pulmonary insufficiency on biventricular function in the developing heart of growing swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to determine the effects of chronic pulmonary insufficiency (PI) on right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular function in young growing swine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six PI and 5 control animals were studied. PI was induced by transcatheter placement of stents across the pulmonary valve. Indices of systolic function (ejection fraction, cardiac output, and cardiac functional reserve), diastolic function (compliance), and myocardial contractility (the slope of the relationship of end-systolic pressure versus end-systolic volume [Emax] and the slope of the dP/dtmax-end-diastolic volume relationship [MdP/dt]) were assessed within 2 days of intervention and 3 months later. MRI was used to quantify PI and ventricular volumes. Conductance catheter techniques were used to obtain indices of contractility and diastolic compliance from pressure-volume relations at rest and under dobutamine infusion. In the PI group, pulmonary regurgitant fraction was 49.2+/-5.9% at 3-month follow-up. RV cardiac functional reserve was limited, diastolic function was preserved, and myocardial contractility was altered (Emax=2.6+/-0.3 mm Hg/mL for the PI group versus 3.5+/-0.4 mm Hg/mL for control; P<0.01). LV cardiac functional reserve was limited, ventricular compliance decreased, and myocardial contractility was preserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the young developing heart, chronic PI alters biventricular systolic function, RV myocardial contractility, and LV diastolic performance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuehne
authors.forename: Maythem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teitel
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003971:Diastole; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development; D013599:Systole; D016276:Ventricular Function; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling