title: 2: Recent advances in therapy of diabetes.
abstract: As suboptimal blood glucose control has a lasting harmful effect even if control improves later, intensive insulin therapy to minimise hyperglycaemia is now recommended for all patients with type 1 diabetes. The new rapid- and long-acting insulin analogues offer more physiological insulin profiles than traditional insulin preparations. Continuous insulin infusion ("pump therapy") may provide a solution for some patients with frequent hypoglycaemia or hypoglycaemic unawareness. Continuous blood glucose monitoring reveals postprandial hyperglycaemia and asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemia and may be especially useful for programming overnight basal insulin rates for pump therapy. In type 2 diabetes, management should change with disease progression; introduction of insulin should not be delayed if metabolic control becomes suboptimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: Johannes B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Prins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077403:Orlistat; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007783:Lactones; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077403:Orlistat