title: Recurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient: apparent selective immune reconstitution after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Although several studies have reported that it is safe to discontinue secondary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in patients infected with HIV who experience a sustained immune response as a result of antiretroviral therapy, we describe a patient who developed recurrent PCP <3 months after discontinuing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. He developed disease despite a sustained CD4 T-cell count above 200 cells/microL for more than 3 years while on antiretroviral therapy, as well as an apparent immune reconstitution against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Histoplasma capsulatum, for which he also discontinued therapy but without adverse effects. Thus, although increasing evidence continues to indicate that HIV-infected patients receiving combinations of antiretroviral therapies may regain specific immunity against opportunistic infections, our patient's experience suggests that this immune recovery may be selective and incomplete.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crothers
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination