Chronic prostatitis and male accessory gland infection--is there an impact on male infertility (diagnosis and therapy)?
The aim of this article was to discuss by means of a review of the literature and own study material the multifactorial aetiology of male infertility, extrapolate this hypothesis to male accessory gland infection (MAGI) and relate it to chronic prostatitis and its treatment. Infertility is a multifactorial disease and diagnosis and therapy must be oriented as such. Although the relationship between prostatitis and infertility remains unclear, bacteria, viruses, leucocytes, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, obstruction and immunological abnormalities must be seen as cofactors in the development of infertility in patients with MAGI and prostatitis. Infection, trauma, allergy, neurogenic damage, chemical or mechanical factors can lead to a long-lasting inflammation of the prostate or pelvic organs even after eradication of the aetiological agent, and is potentially related to infertility through cytokines. In relation to treatment of infertility, antibiotics play a role in bacterial prostatitis whereas in abacterial prostatitis other treatments like antioxidants, sacral nerve stimulation and anti-inflammatory treatment are worth to be studied in the future.
Everaert
K
K
Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. karel.everaert@rug.ac.be
Mahmoud
A
A
Depuydt
C
C
Maeyaert
M
M
Comhaire
F
F
D002908:Chronic Disease; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications*