title: Expression and function of the integrin alpha9beta1 in bovine aortic valve interstitial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aortic valve interstitial cells (VIC), the most prevalent valve leaflet cells, have not been well studied. However, recent interest in constructing tissue-engineered living heart valves has provided motivation to further an understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of VIC. Since cell-extracellular matrix interactions are critical for tissue morphogenesis, adhesive interactions and integrin function in VIC were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine and baboon VIC were isolated and characterized by morphology, cytoskeletal protein expression and integrin expression. The interaction of VIC integrin alpha9beta1 with osteopontin, a ligand known to be up-regulated in the wounded valve, was examined. The ability of bovine VIC alpha9beta1 to mediate adhesion, focal contact formation, migration and proliferation when plated on the immobilized osteopontin substrates, was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cultured bovine VIC possessed characteristics of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Like fibroblasts, bovine VIC had an elongated morphology with long cytoplasmic processes. Like smooth muscle cells, bovine VIC expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin and SM22alpha. Using fluorescent flow cytometry, the surface expression of integrins alpha9beta1 and alpha(v)beta3 in bovine VIC and integrins alpha1beta1, alpha2beta1, and alpha5beta1 in baboon VIC was identified. Expression of alpha9beta1 in cultured VIC and in native valve leaflets was further confirmed by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. Bovine VIC were found to adhere to the 30N fragment of osteopontin in an alpha9beta1-dependent manner, and this interaction was mediated through the SVVYGLR motif. Bovine VIC also formed focal contacts through the alpha9beta1 integrin, but osteopontin (30N) did not stimulate migration or proliferation of bovine VIC through the integrin alpha9beta1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integrin alpha9beta1 appears to be predominantly involved in controlling anchorage rather than movement or proliferation, in bovine VIC. For tissue engineering, knowledge of the VIC integrin profile can be applied to the rational design of scaffolds with the appropriate ligands for tissue formation. The VIC a9beta1-SVVYGLR interaction could be exploited to promote cell anchorage within a tissue engineering scaffold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7335, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wiester
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Giachelli
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016023:Integrins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin; D010215:Papio; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D016023:Integrins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C506896:Spp1 protein, mouse; C058992:Tagln protein, mouse; C113256:integrin alpha 9 beta 1; C051615:transgelin; D053495:Osteopontin