title: Cultural constructions of health and illness. Recent cultural changes toward a holistic approach.
abstract: Nurses have defined their domain as holistic with a focus of promoting health. Cultural conceptualizations of health and illness have been changing toward a more complex understanding enriched by perspectives from many disciplines. Health, a more holistic concept than disease, has invited expanded cognitive constructions that accommodate an understanding of the biology, environment, social position, and the role of the mind, culture, spirituality, race, and sex. These have changed our metaphors of the body and expanded the focus to the health-illness experience. These areas are discussed with implications for nursing.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston School of Nursing, USA.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engebretson
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D006694:Holistic Health; D018939:Holistic Nursing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D024802:Nurse's Role; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D029181:Spirituality; D016746:Transcultural Nursing / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States