title: Preoperative diagnosis and staging of gallbladder carcinoma by EUS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  EUS has recently been shown to be efficacious for the preoperative assessment of depth of invasion of gallbladder carcinoma. This study assessed the value of EUS for determining T stage (International Union Against Cancer).
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative EUS findings in 41 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. EUS images were classified according to the shape of the tumor and the adjacent gallbladder wall structure as follows: type A, pedunculated mass with preserved adjacent wall structures; type B, sessile and/or broad-based mass with a preserved outer hyperechoic layer of the gallbladder wall; type C, sessile and/or broad-based mass with a narrowed outer hyperechoic layer; type D, sessile and/or broad-based mass with a disrupted outer hyperechoic layer. EUS and histopathologic findings were compared, including the depth of invasion of the tumor in the resection specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4 categories of EUS images of gallbladder carcinoma correlated with the histologic depth of invasion and T stage. Accuracies for the EUS classification as type A corresponding to pTis, type B to pT1, type C to pT2, and type D to pT3-4 were, respectively, 100%, 75.6%, 85.3%, and 92.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative EUS imaging accurately depicts T stage of gallbladder carcinoma and allows for effective therapeutic decision making.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, and Surgical Pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yojiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sadamoto
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography