title: Role of thyroid hormones on the synthesis and release of atrial natriuretic peptide in rats with acute renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) serum levels are seen in acute renal failure (ARF) due to impaired ANP clearance, but the response of ANP to blood volume expansion is blunted. ARF-associated hypothyroidism influences ANP clearance but it may also play a role in the synthesis and release of ANP because in primary hypothyroidism both mechanisms are disturbed. The aim of this study is to analyze whether thyroxin (T4) supplementation improves the synthesis and release of ANP in ARF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of rats were studied: group C (control); group ARF; Group ARF-T4 (ARF supplemented with T4), and group Tx (thyroidectomized). Serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (CrCl), total T4, total triiodothyronin (T3), plasma ANP, ANP response to acute saline load and atrial content of mRNA-ANP were measured 5 days after ARF induction with potassium dichromate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CrCl was 1.8 +/- 0.4 ml/min in group C, and it significantly dropped to 0.6 +/- 0.5 in ARF (p < 0.01), T4 improved it (1.7 +/- 0.7 in ARF-T4, p < 0.01) and Tx did not change it. Plasma ANP was higher in ARF as compared with C (152 +/- 23 vs. 52 +/- 21 fmol/l, p < 0.01). In ARF-T4, ANP was higher than in C but lower than in ARF (85 +/- 28 fmol/l, p < 0.01). No changes were observed in Tx rats (48 +/- 17 fmol/l). The atrial content of mRNA-ANP was 0.06 +/- 0.025 mRNA-ANP/mRNA-beta-actin ratio units in group C, it was higher in ARF (0.13 +/- 0.025, p < 0.01) and lower in Tx (0.04 +/- 0.01, p < 0.05) as compared to C. Supplementation with T4 increased the mRNA-ANF content (0.18 +/- 0.2 mRNA-ANP/mRNA-beta-actin ratio units, p < 0.05) over ARF. Plasma ANP response to saline load was 45 +/- 7% in C, but it was reduced in ARF and Tx (20 +/- 10 and 26 +/- 10%, p < 0.01). In ARF-T4 the response was restored (36 +/- 9%, p < 0.01 vs. ARF).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid hormones modulate the synthesis and release of ANP in ARF. Although the effect is probably direct, T4-induced amelioration of renal damage may also play a significant role by improving the uremic milieu.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, México.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foyo
authors.forename: Dante
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paniagua
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000378:metabolism; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011192:Potassium Dichromate; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D003404:Creatinine; D013974:Thyroxine; D011192:Potassium Dichromate