title: Oxidative metabolism, gap junctions and the ionizing radiation-induced bystander effect.
abstract: Evidence accumulated over the past two decades has indicated that exposure of cell populations to ionizing radiation results in significant biological effects occurring in both the irradiated and nonirradiated cells in the population. This phenomenon, termed the 'bystander response', has been shown to occur both in vitro and in vivo and has been postulated to impact both the estimation of risks of exposure to low doses/low fluences of ionizing radiation and radiotherapy. Several mechanisms involving secreted soluble factors, oxidative metabolism and gap-junction intercellular communication have been proposed to regulate the radiation-induced bystander effect. Our current knowledge of the biochemical and molecular events involved in the latter two processes is reviewed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.azzamei@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Edouard I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Azzam
authors.forename: Sonia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Toledo
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017630:Connexins / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species