title: Biocompatibility of collagen membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde or diphenylphosphoryl azide: an in vitro study.
abstract: Crosslinking of collagen biomaterials increases their resistance to degradation in vivo. Glutaraldehyde (GA) is normally used to crosslink collagen biomaterial, but is often cytotoxic. Diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) has recently been proposed as reagent, but little is known about its effects on cell behavior. In this study, we determined which collagen membrane was the most biocompatible: Paroguide which is crosslinked with DPPA and contains chondroitin sulfate; Opocrin which is crosslinked with DPPA; Biomed Extend which is crosslinked with GA; and Bio-Gide which is left untreated. Cell proliferation and extracellular matrix macromolecule deposition were evaluated in human fibroblasts cultured on the membranes. The GA-crosslinked Biomed Extend membrane and the not-crosslinked Bio-Gide membrane reduced cell growth and collagen secretion compared with DPPA-crosslinked biomembranes. When Paroguide and Opocrin were compared, better results were obtained with Paroguide. The greatest amount of transforming growth factor beta1, a growth factor involved in extracellular matrix macromolecule accumulation and in tissue regeneration, was produced by cells cultured on Paroguide, with Opocrin second. Our data suggest that the DPPA method is more biocompatible than the GA for crosslinking collagen biomaterials and that membranes made of collagen plus chondroitin sulfate are better than membranes made of pure collagen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Via del Giochetto, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marinucci
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lilli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belcastro
authors.forename: Ennio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becchetti
authors.forename: Giordano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stabellini
authors.forename: Edoardo M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Calvi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Locci
mesh_terms: D001386:Azides / Q000378:metabolism*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005976:Glutaral / Q000378:metabolism*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003094:Collagen; D005976:Glutaral