title: Mapping cerebral glutamate 13C turnover and oxygen consumption by in vivo NMR.
abstract: Regional rates of 13C incorporation from glucose to glutamate were detected in anesthetized rat brain in vivo at 7T with high temporal and spatial resolution using NMR method ICED PEPSI (in vivo carbon edited detection with proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging). Time courses of regional glutamate 13C turnover were fitted by a metabolic model to obtain regional tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in each voxel (8 microL) of rat cortex. CMRO2 maps obtained for rats under either alpha-chloralose or morphine anesthesia revealed average cortical values of 1.5 +/- 0.2 (n = 3) and 3.2 +/- 0.3 (n = 4) mumol/g/min, respectively. These values of CMRO2 are in good agreement with previous cortical measurements with coarser spatial resolution. The heterogeneity within each map, which depicted predominantly gray and white matter differences, was significantly greater under morphine (higher cortical activity) than under-alpha-chloralose (lower cortical activity) anesthesia. The regional variations in the basal awake state, which are expected to be even greater, should be considered to avoid partial-volume artifacts in functional activation studies of awake subjects.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Fahmeed
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Terennce W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Behar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D010100:Oxygen