title: Glutathione supplementation improves oxidative damage in experimental colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is due, in part, to enhanced free-radical production and reduced antioxidant potential in mucosa cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated in a rat model of trinitrobenzensulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis to see whether parenteral administration of glutathione is able to improve mucosal oxidative damage at onset (study A) and during chronic phases of colitis (study B).
  
  
  METHODS
  In study A, the rats were injected with a single dose of glutathione (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (0,2 ml, i.p.) 1 h before colitis induction and killed 1 h later. In study B, rats with induced colitis were treated with daily injection of glutathione (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (0,2 ml, i.p.), and killed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. We evaluated on mucosal samples the macroscopic and histological damage and the oxidative stress assessed by the mucosal levels of lipoperoxides, malonyldialdehyde, glutathione and cysteine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In study A, colitis induction caused a significant increase to the total histological score (p<0.05), lipoperoxide and malonyldialdehyde levels (p<0.001), but did not affect glutathione and cysteine content. Glutathione pre-treatment decreased both total histological score (p<0.05) and lipoperoxide and malonyldialdehyde values (p<0.001). In study B, the extensive macroscopic and histological colonic damage induced by TNBS was accompanied by a reduction of glutathione and cysteine mucosal levels (p<0.01) and increased lipid peroxidation. Glutathione supplementation significantly improved colonic damage (p<0.01), restored glutathione and cysteine levels, and decreased, and even, if not totally, abolished lipid peroxidation (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper further supports the pathogenic role of the imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant content in inducing mucosal colonic damage.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, School of Medicine, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy. carmelina.loguercio@unina2.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Argenio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delle Cave
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cosenza
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Della Valle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzacca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Vecchio Blanco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D005978:Glutathione