title: Linezolid for the treatment of children with bacteremia or nosocomial pneumonia caused by resistant gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nosocomial infections, particularly hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and bacteremia, are an increasing concern in pediatric hospitals and pediatric intensive care units. Gram-positive pathogens are a leading cause of these infections in children. Linezolid is well-tolerated and as effective as vancomycin in the treatment of these infections in adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of iv/oral linezolid and iv vancomycin in children with resistant Gram-positive HAP or bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized children <12 years of age were randomized 2:1 to linezolid or vancomycin. Patients received linezolid 10 mg/kg iv every 8 h with the option to change treatment to oral linezolid suspension 10 mg/kg every 8 h or iv vancomycin 10 to 15 mg/kg every 6 to 24 h. Clinical response was evaluated at follow-up. Results from an analysis of patients with HAP or bacteremia are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine patients (linezolid, 23; vancomycin, 16) with HAP and 113 patients with bacteremia (linezolid, 81; vancomycin, 32) were included in the intent-to-treat group. Clinical cure rates for clinically evaluable patients with HAP did not differ between treatment groups (linezolid, 90.0% and vancomycin, 100%; P = 0.305). No significant difference was seen in clinical cure rates in the clinically evaluable population between the linezolid and vancomycin groups for patients with catheter-related bacteremia (84.8 and 80.0%, respectively; P = 0.716) or patients with bacteremia of unknown source (79.2 and 69.2%, respectively; P = 0.501). In this subset fewer linezolid-treated patients had drug-related adverse events than did vancomycin-treated patients (19.4% vs. 28.3%; P = 0.230). Similar percentages of patients with laboratory abnormalities, including selected hematologic parameters, were seen in both treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous/oral linezolid was well-tolerated and as effective as vancomycin in treating children with resistant Gram-positive HAP or bacteremia.
authors.affiliation: Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jantausch
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deville
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Maria Rayo
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Morfin
authors.forename: Pio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edge-Padbury
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naberhuis-Stehouwer
authors.forename: Jon B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bruss
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D000069349:Linezolid