title: Services provided for preschool-aged children with suspected amblyopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the pattern and variation of care offered to preschool-aged children who have had an abnormal vision screening test.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the variations in pediatric eye care services and availability of optometrists and ophthalmologists for preschool-aged patients, referral patterns, and barriers to providing care as perceived by eye care specialists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was mailed to 542 ophthalmologists and a random sample of 501 optometrists actively practicing in Michigan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 65% (optometrists, 75%; ophthalmologists, 57%). More optometrists than ophthalmologists evaluated preschool-aged children (97% vs 79%; P < .001). Of these, most managed amblyopia (80% vs 77%; P = .372) and strabismus (89% vs 80%; P = .002) themselves. Fewer optometrists than ophthalmologists dilated eyes routinely during the first evaluation of a preschool-aged child (39% vs 93%; P < .001). The leading barrier to care for preschool-aged children reported by both optometrists and ophthalmologists was difficulty of the examination (25% vs 23%; P = .501). Optometrists reported that most of their patients were referred from community-based screening programs or by parent self-referral. Ophthalmologists reported that most of their preschool-aged patients were referred from primary care providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are different sources of referrals for optometrists and ophthalmologists. Although most eye care specialists treat amblyopia, the types of care offered by optometrists and ophthalmologists differ. Future studies should address the impact that these patterns have on outcomes and cost. The results of these studies should be shared with those responsible for screening.
authors.affiliation: Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0456, USA.
authors.forename: Alex R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Freed
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004517:Education, Professional; D005249:Fees and Charges; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009907:Optometry / Q000193:education / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011365:Professional Practice Location; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D015351:Vision Screening