title: Combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy for chronic angle closure glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the results of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy in Asian patients with chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective non-comparative case series of 55 consecutive patients (57 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy for CACG at the Singapore National Eye Centre between 1997-1998. The surgical outcome was assessed in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP), the incidence of complications and the visual acuity at last follow-up. Success was defined as final IOP < or = 21 mmHg without medication and qualified success as final IOP < or = 21 mmHg with medication. Patients with final IOP > 21 mmHg who required further glaucoma surgery, lost light perception or became pthisical, were classified as failures. The eyes were further categorized into two groups according to whether single-site or separate-site surgery was performed. The outcome was also compared among eyes in which per-operative antimetabolites were applied to the trabeculectomy site and those without antimetabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow up was 22.0 +/- 5.6 months (mean +/- SD). Success was achieved in 46 (81%) eyes, qualified success in 10 (17%) eyes, and failure in 1 (2%) eye. In terms of IOP outcome, the success rate was similar in the two surgical groups (single-site or separate-site). There was no significant difference in IOP outcome among eyes in which per-operative antimetabolites were used and eyes with no per-operative antimetabolites use. Forty-one eyes (72%) had 6/12 or better vision. There were no cases of intraoperative complications and the incidence of postoperative complications was low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy is associated with good intraocular pressure control and visual outcome in patients with CACG.
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tow
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Oen
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Seah
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity