title: Temporal lift by galeapexy: a review of 270 cases.
abstract: The purpose of this technique is to correct the ptotic tail of the brow and crow's feet as well as to redrape the premalar skin to allow us to make a greater skin resection in the lower lid. The purpose of this presentation is to expose the advantages, the inconveniences, and the complications of this technique. We reviewed the charts of 270 patients who were operated on between June 1996 and January 2002. The average age of the patients was 45 years old. Temporal lifts were performed during a frontotemporal lift in 92 cases, and during a three-stage lift (frontal, facial, and cervical) in 170 cases. In eight cases, an isolated temporal lift was performed. An upper blepharoplasty was performed in 252 cases and transconjunctival fat pad excision was performed in 188 cases. Finally, a lower lid skin resection was done following a galeapexy in 241 cases. The surgical approach consists of a temporal incision, followed by a subgaleal dissection, and then a subcutaneous dissection that allows the cephalic galea, previously incised, to be anchored to the temporal aponeurosis. This allows good cutaneous redraping that raises the brow tail and a detachment of the orbicularis fibers. The suturing of the scalp is done without tension and without eliminating hair. The results of the technique with a follow-up period of more than five years for the earlier cases and six months for the last cases, were evaluated with three criteria: (1) the distance between the brow and the eyelashes, (2) the reduction of crow's feet, (3) the reduction of wrinkles at the level of the lower lid and the malar region. Overall satisfaction was also rated. Of 270 patients, 225 had ratings of very good to good, 13 had average results, and 13 had unsatisfactory results. As far as complications, five had unilateral hematoma requiring an evacuation, four patients had temporary alopecia, and eight patients had temporary frontal muscle weakness that resolved within one to three months. This technique, performed under local anesthesia, is very efficient, reproducible, and simple. The incidence of complications can be reduced when one is meticulous during dissection.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgical Center, Marseille, France. alain.fogli@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Alain L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fogli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012535:Scalp / Q000601:surgery; D015595:Skin Aging; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome