title: Screening for early detection of cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease has been aimed at risk factor identification and treatment without efforts to document early cardiovascular disease. The objective of the current study is to screen individuals with vascular and cardiac tests aimed at identifying early abnormalities likely to progress and to measure risk contributors susceptible to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A center was established for comprehensive screening of an asymptomatic population with 10 tests designed to detect early vascular and cardiac abnormalities and blood tests to identify potential targets for risk contributor intervention. The first 396 individuals screened in the center have been analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a scoring system from 0 (no disease) to 20 (advanced disease), 49% of the population exhibited scores of > or =5 and 39% exhibited scores of > or =6. These scores appear indicative of early disease mandating initiation of or change in medical therapy, which was recommended to the individuals screened and to their primary care physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The screening tests utilized are effective in uncovering unsuspected early cardiovascular disease in which targeted treatment could be effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events in susceptible individuals. Documentation of the sensitivity and specificity of this approach requires longitudinal study.
authors.affiliation: Rasmussen Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn, USA. cohnx001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Jay N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoke
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Whitwam
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sommers
authors.forename: Anne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duprez
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roessler
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Florea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D004452:Echocardiography; D004548:Elasticity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor