title: Synthetic and tomato-based lycopene have identical bioavailability in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bioavailability studies with lycopene have focused on natural sources. A synthetic source has recently become available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative bioavailabilities of synthetic and tomato-based lycopene in free living volunteers in a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups (n=12/group) of healthy, normolipemic male and female subjects with a mean baseline serum lycopene concentration of 0.36 micro mol/L took a dose of 15 mg/day total lycopene for 28 days from either Lycovit 10% (beadlets, BASF, Germany) or Lyc-O-Mato (beads, LycoRed Natural Products, Israel) or a placebo (without lycopene) together with the main meal. The increase in serum lycopene from baseline was used as the parameter of bioavailability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synthetic and tomato-lycopene resulted in significant increases above baseline of serum total lycopene by 0.58 and 0.57 micro mol/L, trans-lycopene by 0.34 and 0.41 micro mol/L, and total-cis-lycopene by 0.24 and 0.16 micro mol/L, whereas no significant changes were found in the placebo treatment. The mean serum total lycopene response to synthetic and natural lycopene was not significantly different. Neither lycopene source affected the other serum carotenoids, viz. alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that synthetic and natural lycopene are equivalent sources of lycopene and that there is no interaction with other circulating carotenoids.
authors.affiliation: BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Fine Chemicals, Ludwigshafen, Germany. pphoppe@gmx.de
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Gery
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steenge
authors.forename: Trinette
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Vliet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene; D014975:Lutein