title: The usefulness of CEA and/or CA19-9 in monitoring for recurrence in gastric cancer patients: a prospective clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies on postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and/or carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 monitoring after operation for gastric cancer have been reported, but most have been retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide observational study was implemented in 135 leading institutions in Japan to evaluate the significance of CEA and/or CA19-9 in postoperative monitoring for recurrence in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Three hundred and twenty-one patients examined in this analysis underwent radical gastrectomy at one of Japan's leading institutions between November 1993 and March 1996 and had been followed up for at least 5 years. Serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 were examined preoperatively and every 3 months postoperatively, with diagnostic imagings, such as chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography also being performed every 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrence was observed in 120 patients (peritoneum, 48; liver 16; lymph node, 16; multiple sites, 25; and others, 12). Sensitivities of CEA and either CEA or CA19-9, or both, for recurrence were 65.8% and 85.0%, respectively, both of which values were significantly higher than the preoperative positivities (28.3% and 45.0%, respectively). In most patients with high preoperative levels CEA and/or CA19-9, these tumor markers increased again at recurrence. Recurrent diseases were detected between 5 months after detection by diagnostic imagings and 12 months before detection by diagnostic imagings (mean of 3.1 +/- 3.6 months before detection by diagnostic imagings) and between 10 months after detection by diagnostic imagings and 13 months before detection by diagnostic imagings (mean of 2.2 +/- 3.9 months before detection by diagnostic imagings) by CEA and CA19-9 monitorings, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CEA and/or CA19-9 monitoring after operation was useful to predict the recurrence of gastric cancer, especially in almost all the patients with high preoperative levels of these markers.
authors.affiliation: Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer, Ichigaya MS Bldg., 1-9, 4-Chome, Kudankita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0073, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Touge
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Hisanao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazato
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015592:Immunoradiometric Assay; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen