title: An animal evaluation of a paste of chitosan glutamate and hydroxyapatite as a synthetic bone graft material.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a synthetic bone graft in a paste form. Reported here are the results of the evaluation of a paste of chitosan glutamate (Protosan) and hydroxyapatite (referred to as a paste) used in a critical size defect model in rats. Eight-millimeter--diameter cranial defects were made in rat calvaria following a protocol approved by the animal review committee. Five groups were studied: (1) empty control, (2) defect filled with paste only, (3) defect filled with the paste containing bone-marrow aspirate, (4) defect filled with paste containing BMP-2, and (5) defect filled with paste containing osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate. The sacrifice intervals were 9 and 18 weeks. Calvaria containing the defect were harvested, and the bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Push-out strength measurements were also performed. The BMD values of empty control were significantly lower than those of other groups at both 9 and 18 weeks. The mechanical properties, that is, push-out strengths and area under the push-out load and displacement were not significantly different between the samples. Histological examination of Goldner-trichromestained undecalcified sections showed the presence of mineralized bone spicules in the defect areas that were more prominent in those filled with paste and osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate. Hence, this study demonstrated that the paste of chitosan glutamate and hydroxyapatite-containing osteoblasts cultured from bone-marrow aspirate would be an effective material to repair bone defects.
authors.affiliation: LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA. dmukhe@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tunkle
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clavenna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D015519:Bone Density; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D016348:Osseointegration; D051381:Rats; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D001843:Bone Cements; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D002686:Chitin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite