title: Evidence for substantial effect modification by gender in a large-scale genetic association study of the metabolic syndrome among coronary heart disease patients.
abstract: Major genetic determinants of the metabolic syndrome - a clustering of abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose - remain elusive. We surveyed 207 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 110 candidate genes among coronary artery disease patients, a population enriched for metabolic abnormalities. The number of abnormalities (0-5) was determined in the 214 male and 91 female patients, and the association with each polymorphism evaluated by means of ordinal regression analysis. Polymorphisms in eight genes, including LDLR, GBE1, IL1R1, TGFB1, IL6, COL5A2, SELE and LIPC, were associated with metabolic syndrome in the whole population ( P values ranged from 0.047 to 0.008). Variants in seven additional genes showed significant gene by gender interaction. Among these, separate analyses in men and women revealed a strong association with a silent polymorphism in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein gene, LRPAP1, among females ( P=0.0003), but not males ( P=0.292). Other genes associated only in females included THBS1, ACAT2, ITGB3, F2 and SELP ( P values ranging from 0.032 to 0.002). Only one gene ( PRCP) was significantly associated in men alone ( P=0.039). Our results propose several new candidate genes for the metabolic syndrome and suggest that the genetic basis of this syndrome may be strongly modified by gender.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA. mccarthy@mail.sdu.edu
authors.forename: Jeanette J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moliterno
authors.forename: L Kristin
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers