title: Existence and stability of rigid photovoltaic solitons in an open-circuit amplifying or absorbing photovoltaic medium.
abstract: A different type of photovoltaic soliton is predicted for open-circuit photovoltaic media with a gain provided by two-wave mixing. Such solitons are a result of a double balance, i.e., loss is balanced by gain and diffraction is balanced by nonlinearity that is due to both, photovoltaic effects and two-wave mixing. Exact bright and dark analytical solutions are obtained under the condition that the signal beam is much weaker than the pump beam. Such solitons have fixed amplitude and width for the fixed values of the system parameters and hence are named rigid photovoltaic solitons. When the pump beam is switched to a background illumination, rigid photovoltaic solitons can become previously observed photovoltaic solitons. Numerical simulations show that rigid photovoltaic solitons are stable against small perturbations.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. jsliu4508@vip.sina.com
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu