title: Influence of large peritumoral vessels on outcome of radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of large vessels (>/=3 mm) contiguous to hepatic tumors was evaluated with respect to clinical tumor recurrence rates after radiofrequency (RF) ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first 105 malignant liver tumors treated by RF ablation therapy at our institution with pathologic analysis or a minimum of 6 months of clinical follow-up were reviewed. The original pretreatment imaging studies were reviewed by a radiologist who was blinded to the cases, and, based on lesion contiguity to vessels of at least 3 mm, the lesions were categorized as perivascular or nonperivascular. Treatment outcomes with respect to local tumor recurrence between these two groups were then compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to take into account other variables and to determine whether this categorization was an independent predictor of treatment outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 74 nonperivascular tumors and 31 perivascular tumors. Mean tumor size was 2.4 cm and mean follow-up was 11.3 months. Residual or locally recurrent tumors were documented in 20 of 105 cases (19%). In the nonperivascular group, five of 74 (7%) had either incompletely treated tumor (manifested within 6 months) or local recurrence beyond 6 months. In the perivascular group, 15 of 31 (48%) had incompletely treated or locally recurrent tumor (P <.001). Subanalysis of lesion size (61 tumors </=2.5 cm, 33 tumors 2.6-4 cm, and 11 tumors >4 cm), tumor type (40 hepatocellular carcinomas, 48 colorectal metastases, and 17 other metastases), access (53 intraoperative, 52 percutaneous), and RF device (45 Radiotherapeutics electrodes, 18 Rita electrodes, and 42 Radionics electrodes) showed similar results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence or absence of a large peritumoral vessel is an independent, and the dominant, predictor of treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of vessels at least 3 mm in size contiguous to hepatic tumors is a strong independent predictor of incomplete tumor destruction by RF ablation. Modified ablation strategies should be considered to improve destruction of these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1721, USA. dlu@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: David S K
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Piyaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limanond
authors.forename: Donya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Economou
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Busuttil
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sayre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional