title: Dissociative experiences and anger proneness in late adolescent females with different attachment styles.
abstract: The study examined the relationships among dissociative experiences, anger proneness, and attachment styles in late adolescent females. One hundred sixty-two college students (mean age = 17.5 years) were assessed using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), a self-report tool for assessing attachment styles (avoidant, secure, and ambivalent-resistant) in close relationships of youths and adults. Significant correlations were obtained between DES scores (total and factorial) and STAXI scores (State Anger, Trait Anger, Anger/In, and Anger/Expression), confirming in a nonclinical sample the connection between anger proneness and dissociation described in patients with dissociative disorders. Insecure females, particularly ambivalent ones, scored higher on the DES, supporting van der Kolk's hypothesis of an inverse relationship between secure attachment and dissociative tendency. Moreover, insecurely attached females showed more anger proneness, with some differences between ambivalent and avoidant types. Further research should be conducted to examine these relationships in males, as well as to clarify the role of insecure attachment in anger management and the recourse to dissociation in late adolescence as a protective response to trauma and emotional distress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. calamari@fls.unipi.it
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calamari
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009769:Object Attachment; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires