title: Alcohol consumption and carotid atherosclerosis in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of alcohol use with atherosclerosis is inconsistent in previous studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the Cardiovascular Health Study, 5888 adults aged 65 years and older underwent a standardized interview and examination. They reported beer, wine, and liquor use individually and underwent B-mode ultrasonography to determine internal and common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We compared composite carotid IMT values cross-sectionally using linear regression to adjust for demographic and clinical characteristics. Among 4247 participants free of cardiovascular disease, consumers of 1 to 6 drinks per week had 0.07+/-0.04-mm lower composite IMT and consumers of 14 or more drinks per week had 0.07+/-0.05-mm higher IMT than abstainers (P quadratic trend=0.02). We found similar relationships using internal and common carotid thickness measures and among men and women. The higher IMT associated with heavier alcohol use was particularly strong among 1592 participants with confirmed cardiovascular disease (0.24+/-0.09 mm greater than abstainers). Controlling for HDL cholesterol levels reduced the effect on composite IMT among consumers of 1 to 6 drinks per week by 22%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relative to older adults who abstain from alcohol, consumption of 1 to 6 drinks per week had an inverse association with carotid atherosclerosis whereas consumption of 14 or more drinks had a positive association.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, RO-114, Boston, Mass 02215, USA. kmukamal@caregroup.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mukamal
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kronmal
authors.forename: Murray A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mittleman
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies