title: Chronic transdermal nicotine patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in age-associated memory impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic transdermal nicotine has been found to improve attentional performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about chronic nicotine effects in age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), a milder form of cognitive dysfunction. The current study was performed to determine the clinical and neuropsychological effects of chronic transdermal nicotine in AAMI subjects over a 4-week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study consisted of two 4-week periods separated by a 2-week washout period.
  
  
  METHODS
  An outpatient setting was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects ( n=11) met criteria for AAMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were given nicotine patches (Nicotrol) to wear for 16 h a day at the following doses: 5 mg/day during week 1, 10 mg/day during week 2 and week 3 and 5 mg/day during week 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of nicotine treatment were determined with the clinical global impressions questionnaire, Conners' Continuous Performance test, and the automated neuropsychologic assessment metrics (ANAM) computerized neuropsychology battery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nicotine significantly improved the clinical global impression score as assessed by participants, as well as objective tests of attentional function on the Connors' Continuous Performance Test and decision reaction time on the neuropsychology test battery. Nicotine did not improve performance on other tests measuring motor and memory function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic transdermal nicotine treatment in AAMI subjects caused a sustained improvement in clinical symptoms and objective computerized tests of attention. These results support the further investigation of nicotinic treatment as a promising therapy for AAMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box no. 3003, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine