title: [Comparative in vitro activity of garenoxacin (BMS-284756). Sentry program, Spain (1999-2000)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the in vitro activity of the new des-fluoro quinolone, garenoxacin (BMS-284756), compared to activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gatifloxacin in clinical isolates recovered over 1999 and 2000 within the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quinolone-MICs were performed using the standard NCCLS microdilution technique in 2599 isolates recovered from Hospital Ramón y Cajal (Madrid), Virgen Macarena (Sevilla), and Bellvitge (Barcelona).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The modal MIC range value exhibited by garenoxacin ( < or = 0.03-0.12 mg/L) for Enterobacteriaceae was similar to that of the other quinolones tested. A total of 70% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to garenoxacin and 85% to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Garenoxacin exhibited the highest activity in Staphylococcus aureus, including both methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates, with MIC90 values of < or = 0.03 and 2 mg/L, respectively. All Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to garenoxacin, regardless of their penicillin susceptibility status; in terms of MIC90, garenoxacin was 16 times more active than ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and 4-8 times more active than gatifloxacin. All 6 ciprofloxacin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains showed garenoxacin MIC values ranging from < or = 0.03 to 0.5 mg/L. In Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, garenoxacin displayed excellent in vitro activity (MIC < or = 0.06 mg/L), similar to that of the other quinolones tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Garenoxacin activity was similar to the activity of other quinolones in Enterobacteriaceae, but was lower in P. aeruginosa. Garenoxacin activity was clearly higher than that of other quinolones in gram-positive isolates, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. pneumoniae with reduced penicillin susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. Spain. eloza.hrc@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loza
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cantón
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Fe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tubau
authors.forename: M Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Morosini
authors.forename: Felisa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Almaraz
authors.forename: Evelio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perea
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baquero
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; C419689:garenoxacin