title: Searching for statistically significant regulatory modules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The regulatory machinery controlling gene expression is complex, frequently requiring multiple, simultaneous DNA-protein interactions. The rate at which a gene is transcribed may depend upon the presence or absence of a collection of transcription factors bound to the DNA near the gene. Locating transcription factor binding sites in genomic DNA is difficult because the individual sites are small and tend to occur frequently by chance. True binding sites may be identified by their tendency to occur in clusters, sometimes known as regulatory modules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe an algorithm for detecting occurrences of regulatory modules in genomic DNA. The algorithm, called mcast, takes as input a DNA database and a collection of binding site motifs that are known to operate in concert. mcast uses a motif-based hidden Markov model with several novel features. The model incorporates motif-specific p-values, thereby allowing scores from motifs of different widths and specificities to be compared directly. The p-value scoring also allows mcast to only accept motif occurrences with significance below a user-specified threshold, while still assigning better scores to motif occurrences with lower p-values. mcast can search long DNA sequences, modeling length distributions between motifs within a regulatory module, but ignoring length distributions between modules. The algorithm produces a list of predicted regulatory modules, ranked by E-value. We validate the algorithm using simulated data as well as real data sets from fruitfly and human.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://meme.sdsc.edu/MCAST/paper
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. tlb@maths.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: William Stafford
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Noble
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors