title: Role of antibiotic sensitivity testing before first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics has been advocated as a major cause of treatment failure, and antimicrobial sensitivity testing has been proposed to improve efficacy; however, its role before first-line therapy has not been investigated in detail.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether antimicrobial sensitivity testing improves the eradication rate of first-line anti-Helicobacter treatments and to compare the effectiveness of ranitidine bismuth citrate and omeprazole in the presence of H. pylori resistance to antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty-two patients were assigned to either empirical or antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based treatment; within each group, subjects were further randomized to receive ranitidine bismuth citrate, 400 mg b.d., tinidazole, 500 mg b.d., and clarithromycin, 500 mg b.d., or omeprazole, 20 mg b.d., clarithromycin, 500 mg b.d., and amoxicillin, 1 g b.d., for 1 week, with substitution of the resistant antibiotic in the antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based treatment group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eradication rates were 67% [confidence interval (CI), 55-79%] in the empirical treatment group and 76% (CI, 65-87%) in the antimicrobial sensitivity testing-based group (P=N.S.). The overall success rate was 60% (CI, 51-69%) with omeprazole and 82% (CI, 73-91%) with ranitidine bismuth citrate (P<0.03); the latter overcame antibiotic resistance in 12 of 15 strains vs. zero of eight strains by omeprazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antimicrobial sensitivity testing before first-line treatment does not improve the eradication rate, which is greater when ranitidine bismuth citrate is included in the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Centre of Excellence on Ageing, Università Gabriele D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy. mneri@unich.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laterza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Bonaventura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piccolomini
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Caldarella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balatsinou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lapenna
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cuccurullo
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D014011:Tinidazole; C073340:ranitidine bismuth citrate; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011899:Ranitidine; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole; D001729:Bismuth