title: [The smile line, a literature search].
abstract: Beautiful teeth, visible when smiling, are in line with the present ideal of beauty. The display of teeth when smiling is determined by the smile line: the projection of the lower border of the upper lip on the maxillary teeth when smiling. On the basis of a literature search the determining methods of the smile line are discussed, demographic data of the position of the smile line are given, and factors of influence are examined. There is no unequivocal method for determining the position of the smile line. A rough distinction can be made between qualitative and (semi)-quantitative methods. The (semi)-quantitative methods have clear advantages for research purposes, but their reliability is unknown. It was demonstrated that among minimally 40% of subjects the maxillary gingiva was not visible when smiling. The mandibular gingiva was not visible when smiling among more than 90% of subjects. Furthermore, it appeared that among women the smile line was on average higher situated than among men and that it has not yet been proven that the smile line will be situated lower when growing older.
authors.affiliation: Uit de vakgroep Orale Functieleer van het Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde (ACTA), Amsterdam. p.vd.geld@acta.nl
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van der Geld
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Waas
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D012904:Smiling