title: Effect of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene transduction on human melanoma xenografts in nude mice.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-1 is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that promotes angiogenesis and enhances tumor growth and metastases. We evaluated the effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on tumor growth and metastases in human melanoma xenografts. We selected two human melanoma lines (SMEL and PMEL) with differential (high versus low, respectively) constitutive production of IL-1 by ELISA. The IL-1ra gene was isolated from monocyte RNA by PCR and retrovirally transduced into SMEL and PMEL. In vitro cell proliferation was evaluated using a WST-1 assay. Athymic nude mice received s.c. or i.v. injection with parental, vector-transduced, or IL-1ra-transduced melanoma cells, and tumor growth, lung metastases, and histology were characterized. IL-1 was produced by SMEL in vitro and ex vivo (117 and 67 pg/ml/10(6) cells/24 h, respectively), but not by PMEL (15 and 0 pg/ml/10(6) cells/24 h, respectively). Neither made IL-1ra natively. Gene-transduced cell lines secreted >1000 pg/ml/10(6) cells/24 h of IL-1ra by ELISA. In vitro proliferation of each parental cell line was comparable to the proliferation rate of each transduced cell line. IL-1ra-transduced SMEL (SMEL/IL-1ra) showed significantly slower tumor growth compared with null-transduced and parental cell lines (P < 0.001, ANOVA-Bonferroni/Dunn). There was no difference in growth rates between PMEL and IL-1ra-transduced PMEL (PMEL/IL-1ra). A mixing study of SMEL and SMEL/IL-1ra showed significant inhibition of tumor growth at various ratios (P < 0.001, ANOVA-Bonferroni/Dunn). There were significantly fewer lung metastases with SMEL/IL-1ra versus SMEL (P < 0.002). IL-1ra decreases in vivo growth and metastatic potential of a human melanoma xenograft that constitutively secretes IL-1. This effect may be exploitable using clinically available IL-1ra for the treatment of human cancers.
authors.affiliation: The Surgical Metabolism Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1502, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Weinreich
authors.forename: Dina M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Elaraj
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puhlmann
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Ewa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.forename: H Richard
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; C507764:Il1rn protein, mouse; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins