title: Anti-kindling effect of slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats.
abstract: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals exposed to electroconvulsive shock (ECS) has anticonvulsant properties when injected into naive animals. The present study investigated whether the CSF of humans exposed to 1 or 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has similar properties. Using a 4 day rat flurothyl kindling seizure model we found that the kindling rate was significantly decreased by intraventricular injection of CSF from depressed patients exposed to 1 Hz rTMS. The CSF from patients that underwent 10 Hz rTMS showed a trend toward an increased kindling rate. These results support the similarity of ECS and rTMS and suggest that 1 Hz and 10 Hz rTMS produce distinct physiologic changes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. danschel@stanford.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anschel
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000627:therapeutic use*