title: Pharmacological characterization of mouse hind paw oedema induced by Bothrops insularis (jararaca ilhoa) snake venom.
abstract: Bothrops snake venoms produce marked local effects, including oedema, haemorrhage and necrosis. The ability of Bothrops insularis venom to induce oedema in mice was investigated. Venom was injected into hind paws and the change in volume over time was measured by plethysmometry. B. insularis venom (0.01-2.5 microg/paw) induced paw oedema which, at high doses (>/=0.5 microg/paw), was accompanied by haemorrhage. The peak oedematogenic response occurred 3 h after venom injection with all doses and decreased gradually thereafter, but was still elevated with high doses after 24 h. Pretreating the mice with cyproheptadine (histamine H(1) and serotonin 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist), mepyramine (histamine H(1) receptor antagonist), L-NAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase), indomethacin and rofecoxib (inhibitors of cyclooxygenases), and dexamethasone (indirect inhibitor of PLA(2)) significantly attenuated venom-induced oedema, whereas methysergide, a serotonin 5-HT(1)/5-HT(2) receptor antagonist, had no effect. The administration of antivenom 30 min before or immediately after venom injection also significantly inhibited venom-induced oedema. These results show that B. insularis venom causes oedema in the mouse hind paw and that this response is mediated by histamine, nitric oxide, and arachidonic acid metabolites formed by cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. The neutralization by commercial antivenom indicates that the venom components responsible for oedema are recognized by the antivenom and share immunological identity with their counterparts in the venoms of mainland Bothrops species.
authors.affiliation: Serpentário do Centro de Estudos da Natureza, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos 12244-000, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Renata O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.forename: Catarina F P
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyslop
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cogo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017837:Bothrops; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003533:Cyproheptadine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006614:Hindlimb; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011738:Pyrilamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013450:Sulfones; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007783:Lactones; C400481:PLIalpha; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D003533:Cyproheptadine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D011738:Pyrilamine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin