title: Drug-induced esophageal injuries and dysphagia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and analyze medical literature documenting drug-induced esophageal injury and dysphagia and to formulate strategies to enhance pharmacists' prevention, detection, and treatment of these iatrogenic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search (1966-April 2002) was conducted to identify primary and secondary literature using variable combinations of the following search terms: pill-induced, drug-induced, or iatrogenic with esophageal injury, esophageal damage, or dysphagia. Bibliographies were also reviewed to identify additional relevant references.
  
  
  METHODS
  All case reports, reviews, and clinical studies relating to drug-induced esophageal injury or swallowing dysfunction were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug-induced esophageal injury may be under-recognized. Several drugs have been associated with physical or chemically mediated injuries. Risk factors for injury have been identified and preventive and treatment strategies have been successful in limiting esophageal injury. Drug-induced dysphagia can have serious complications and is most often associated with typical neuroleptics such as haloperidol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacists can play a pivotal role in proactively identifying situations where there is a higher likelihood of drug-induced esophageal injury or dysphagia. They can recommend preventive strategies to promote safe medication use, help identify iatrogenic complications when they occur, and assist in formulation of appropriate treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Tami L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Remington
mesh_terms: D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D010595:Pharmacists; D024382:Professional Role; D012307:Risk Factors