title: Use of concurrent pupil dilation assessment to inform interpretation and analysis of fMRI data.
abstract: Potential contributions of concurrently acquired pupil dilation data to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments were examined. Sixteen healthy participants completed a working memory task (digit sorting) during measurement of pupil dilation outside the fMRI environment and during concurrent 3T fMRI assessment. Pupil dilation increased parametrically with task difficulty inside and outside the scanner, on a similar time course, suggesting that task demand was similar in both environments. The time course of pupil dilation during digit sorting was similar to the time course of the fMRI signal in the middle frontal gyrus, suggesting that middle-frontal gyrus activity indexed the engagement working memory processes. Incorporating individual differences in pupil dilation improved the sensitivity and specificity of general linear modeling analyses of activity in the middle frontal gyrus, above and beyond standard analytic techniques. Results suggest concurrent pupil dilation during fMRI assessment can help to (1) specify whether task demand is the same inside and outside the fMRI environment, (2) resolve the extent to which fMRI signals reflect different aspects of event-related designs, and (3) explain variation in fMRI data due to individual differences in information processing.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. gsiegle+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Siegle
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steinhauer
authors.forename: V Andrew
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stenger
authors.forename: Roma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konecky
authors.forename: Cameron S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology