title: Development of consensus fluorogenically labeled probes of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene for detecting minimal residual disease in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
abstract: We have examined 72 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) in order to search for consensus sequences of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene, and developed consensus fluorogenically labeled probes for use in an allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) assay of minimal residual disease (MRD). We detected a clonal IgH variable region (VH) sequence in 51 (70.8%) of the 72 B-NHLs, the most frequent VH gene usages being VH3 and VH4 (45/51, 88.2%). It was possible to design three consensus fluorogenic probes for the VH3 gene and one for the VH4 gene avoiding these hypermutations. Our sequencing results suggested that consensus fluorogenic probes would be best based on the 5'-side of the framework region 3 (FR3) because the frequency of somatic hypermutations was significantly lower in the regions on which the probes were based than in the remaining parts of FR3 (P < 0.05). Nineteen (54.3%) of 35 B-NHLs with the VH3 gene and 5 (50%) of 10 with the VH4 gene had sequences identical to at least one of these probes. We found that probes containing one base substitution were still applicable for a MRD study, whereas those containing two or more were not. Therefore, our four probes were applicable for 37 (82.2%) of the 45 patients with VH3 or VH4. This limited number of probes makes a large-scale study of MRD in B-NHL more feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka 020-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Chihaya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maesawa
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yashima
authors.forename: Mitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarusawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Taiju
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsugisawa
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motoyoshi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016384:Consensus Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012015:Reference Standards; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains