title: Carcinoma in a bladder diverticulum: presentation and treatment outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this retrospective review we characterize the outcomes of patients treated for transitional cell carcinoma in a bladder diverticulum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1986 and 2001, 39 patients were treated for tumors in a bladder diverticulum. All patients underwent initial transurethral resection of the tumor. Based on cystoscopic evaluation, bimanual examination and computerized tomography findings, tumors were classified as superficial (Ta, Tis), superficially invasive confined to diverticulum (T1) or extra diverticular (T3+). Patients with superficial or superficially invasive disease were treated either conservatively with repeat transurethral resection, or with partial or radical cystectomy. Patients with extra diverticular extension were treated with partial or radical cystectomy when amenable to surgical extirpation. Predictors of outcome were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. End point was overall and disease-specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of our cohort of 39 patients 13 (33%) presented with superficial disease, 13 (33%) with superficially invasive tumors and 13 (33%) with invasive (extra diverticular) disease. Actuarial 5-year disease specific survival for the cohort was 72 +/- 5.4%. Significant differences in 5-year disease specific survival were observed among patients presenting with superficial tumors (83 +/- 9%), superficially invasive tumors (67 +/- 7%) and extra diverticular disease (45 +/- 14%). Of the patients presenting with T1 tumors the primary mode of treatment did not correlate with outcome. In a multivariate model clinical staging was the only independent predictor of outcome and concomitant carcinoma in situ reached borderline significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support a conservative approach for tumors confined to the bladder diverticulum, provided complete removal is feasible and close surveillance ensues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golijanin
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yossepowitch
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sogani
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalbagni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine