title: PDE4: arrested at the border.
abstract: Compartmentation plays a critical role in determining the specificity and efficacy of signaling by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and other second messengers. It has become apparent that all of the protein components of the cAMP signaling pathway are subject to regulation and may be localized to particular subcellular compartments. This Perspective discusses recent research concerning the importance of cAMP phosphodiesterase localization in cAMP signaling, functional implications of the organization of this pathway's protein components into macromolecular complexes, and common themes in the compartmentation of cAMP- and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology 0636, University of California San Diego Medical School, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA. lbrunton@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Laurence L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Brunton
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D006801:Humans; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4