title: Clinical response of two brush-applied peroxide whitening systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A randomized, examiner-blind parallel design study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of two brush-applied, peroxide-based tooth whiteners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 subjects were randomized to Colgate Simply White, an 18% carbamide peroxide paint-on liquid in an applicator bottle, or Crest Night Effects, a 19% sodium percarbonate system in unit dose sachets that dries to form an adherent film. Treatment was for 14 days. The 18% carbamide peroxide gel was applied twice daily, while the 19% sodium percarbonate film was applied for overnight use. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, and again after 7 and 14 days of treatment using digital images to assess tooth color, and oral examinations to establish safety. Whitening efficacy was determined by evaluating the reduction in tooth yellowness (delta b*), increase in tooth brightness (delta L*), reduction in tooth redness (delta a*) and overall tooth color change relative to pure white (delta W*).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 14 days, the mean change in yellowness (delta b*) was -1.43 +/- 0.20 for the 19% sodium percarbonate film, and -0.44 +/- 0.06 for the 18% carbamide peroxide gel. Mean change in brightness (delta L*) was 1.13 +/- 0.13 and 0.55 +/- 0.13 in the film and gel groups, respectively. Between-group comparisons showed highly significant (p < or = 0.003) whitening for the 19% sodium percarbonate film compared to the 18% carbamide peroxide gel for all 14-day color measurements (delta b*, delta L*, delta a* or delta W). Both products were well-tolerated, with no subjects discontinuing treatment early due to a causal adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a direct clinical comparison of two brush-applied products over 14 days, Crest Night Effects provided significant and meaningful improvement in tooth color, representing more than double the whitening measured for the Colgate Simply White.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA. barlow.ap@pg.com
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Kieran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Struzycka
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowska
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wierzbicka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002254:Carbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016877:Oxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000188:drug therapy; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; C475021:Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel; D045424:Complex Mixtures; C479358:Crest Night Effects; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; C034738:sodium percarbonate