title: The use of music to reduce anxiety for patients undergoing colposcopy: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this work was to investigate the impact of music on women's anxiety and perceived pain during colposcopy examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective randomized study. Two hundred and twenty women referred for colposcopy for the first time were recruited. They were randomized to either the music or no-music group. Before colposcopy examination, each subject completed a Chinese version of the state anxiety questionnaire (STAI) and assessed the anticipated pain for colposcopy with a visual analog scale (VAS). Slow-rhythm music was played during colposcopy examination in the music group. Subjects in the no-music group were examined in the same setting without music. After colposcopy, each subject completed the STAI form again and assessed their pain during examination by the VAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the music group experienced significantly less pain (mean VAS 3.32 [95% CI 2.86-3.78] vs 5.03 [4.54-5.52], P<0.001) and lower anxiety (mean STAI 39.36 [95% CI 37.33-41.39] vs 44.16 [41.82-46.49], P = 0.002) during colposcopy examination than women in the no-music group. On linear regression analysis, the factors significantly affecting anxiety during colposcopy were anxiety score at enrollment, pain score during colposcopy, and whether or not the women had listened to music during the colposcopy examination. The factors significantly affecting the pain scores were whether the women had listened to music during the procedure and the final anxiety scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music is a simple, inexpensive, and easily used strategy to minimize anxiety and pain during colposcopy examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China. chanymjoe@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Peter W H
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Hextan Y S
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies