title: Update on minimally invasive management of ureteral strictures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the role of minimally invasive management in ureteral stricture disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE database through 2002 concerning endoscopic treatment of patients with ureteral strictures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many endourologic methods are available for ureteral strictures. Ureteral dilation may be accomplished in most cases, with various rates of success depending on stricture etiology, location, and length. Endoureterotomy also leads to long-term patency in properly selected cases and appears to be superior to dilation alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant advances in technique and technology have improved our ability to treat ureteral strictures without the need for open surgery in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Khaled S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: J Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*