title: Absence of humoral response in flamingos and red-tailed hawks to experimental vaccination with a killed West Nile virus vaccine.
abstract: Sixteen Chilean flamingos, Phoenicopterus chiles, and 10 red-tailed hawks, Buteo jamacensis, were vaccinated in the pectoral muscle with 0.2 ml of a commercially produced killed West Nile virus vaccine intended for use in horses. Half the birds of each species received a booster vaccination 3 weeks after the first injection. Three weeks after the booster vaccination, none of 13 birds surveyed had detectable antibody to West Nile virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nusbaum
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Clayton D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Staggs
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stallknecht
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shelnutt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001717:Birds; D005260:Female; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D020304:Raptors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines