title: Effects of weightlessness and movement restriction on the structure and metabolism of the soleus muscle in monkeys after space flight.
abstract: After humans and animals have been in conditions of real and modeled weightlessness, the most marked changes are seen in the "slow" tonic muscles, particularly soleus. Studies of the effects of weightlessness and movement restriction on the soleus muscle in monkeys demonstrated significant reductions in the sizes of slow and rapid fibers due mainly to the actions of real weightlessness (rather than movement restriction in the space capsule). Protein loss in soleus muscle fibers in monkeys following space flight was more marked than loss of other components, including water. The level of atrophy of soleus muscle fibers in these conditions was greater than the decrease in the number of capillaries. Succinate dehydrogenase activity in soleus muscle fibers decreased proportionally to the reduction in fiber size.
authors.affiliation: State Scientific Center, Russian Federation Institute of Medical and Biological Problems, Khoroshevskoe Chaussee, 123007 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shenkman
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Belozerova
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Nemirovskaya
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Kozlovskaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D000882:Haplorhini; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013026:Space Flight; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain; D014893:Weightlessness; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase