title: Linezolid versus vancomycin in the treatment of known or suspected resistant gram-positive infections in neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gram-positive infections caused by susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci are increasing problems in neonates. Linezolid, a new oxazolidinone, is active against these pathogens and has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating Gram-positive infections in pediatric patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous and oral linezolid with vancomycin (10 to 15 mg/kg every 6 to 24 h) in neonates (age 0 to 90 days).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized infants with known or suspected hospital-acquired pneumonia, complicated skin or skin structure infections, bacteremia or other infections (e.g. pyelonephritis, abdominal abscess) were eligible. Test-of-cure clinical response was evaluated at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three neonates, randomized 2:1 to linezolid (n = 43) or vancomycin (n = 20) were included in the intent-to-treat group. Clinical cure rates at follow-up in the intent-to-treat group were higher, but not significantly different, for linezolid vs. vancomycin (78% vs. 61%; P = 0.196). Corresponding cure rates in clinically evaluable patients were 84% vs. 77% (P = 0.553) for linezolid and vancomycin, respectively. Pathogen eradication rates were as follows in the linezolid and vancomycin groups, respectively: S. aureus (67% vs. 60%; P = 0.850); coagulase-negative staphylococci (88% vs. 100%; P = 0.379); and enterococci (71% vs. 0%; P = 0.168). Results for hematology and chemistry assays were similar between treatment groups. Fewer linezolid-treated neonates had drug-related adverse events than vancomycin-treated neonates (12% vs. 32%; P = 0.058).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linezolid is well-tolerated and as effective as vancomycin in the treatment of resistant Gram-positive infections in neonates.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jaime G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Deville
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Parvin H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jantausch
authors.forename: Maria Rayo
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Morfin
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beltran
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edge-Padbury
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naberhuis-Stehouwer
authors.forename: Jon B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bruss
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D000069349:Linezolid