title: Clinical and simulator wear study of alumina ceramic THR to 17 years and beyond.
abstract: Three THAs with cementless monolithic alumina ceramic sockets and cementless Co-alloy stems were retrieved because of aseptic loosening after 17 and 24 years. At revision heads and cups were marked for orientation. Maps were drawn of wear patterns with the use of light microscopy and surveyed by SEM. In a simulator experiment 28-mm-diameter alumina heads and liners were used. The cups were mounted inverted in a hip simulator and run with calf serum as the lubricant. The hip loads were 2 kN maximum and a 1-Hz frequency for 20 million cycles. Wear severity was classified into five grades. In retrieved implants, SEM analysis showed that the main wear zones (MWZ) had Grade 4 wear. The peripheral wear zones (PWZ) showed grain pull-out regions (Grade 5 wear). These corresponded to neck-socket impingement and head-acetabular cup separation. Gray was due to transferred CoCr particles from the stem. In the simulator study, the MWZ had only localized areas of grain pull out surrounded by polished surface regions (Grade 4 wear) at 20 million cycles; stripe wear was not seen. The alumina ceramic bearings proved excellent up to 22 years in simulator studies and clinical studies. However, microseparation kinematics would be necessary in the simulator to duplicate the more peripheral wear zones.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, 11406 Loma Linda Drive, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boehler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imakiire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D000537:Aluminum Oxide