title: Variability of aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production by Aspergillus section flavi from different substrates in Argentina.
abstract: Aspergillus section flavi strains isolated from peanuts, wheat and soybean grown in Argentina were screened for aflatoxins (type B and G) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) production. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species in all substrates, although there was almost the same proportion of A. flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in peanuts. Aspergillus nomius was not found. Incidence of aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains was higher in peanuts (69%) than in wheat (13%) or soybeans (5%) while the ratio of CPA producers A. flavus isolated from all substrates was very high (94% in peanuts, 93% in wheat and 73% in soybeans). Isolates of A. flavus able to produce simultaneously aflatoxins type B and CPA were detected in all substrates, suggesting the possibility of co-occurrence of these toxins. Almost all isolates of A. parasiticus resulted aflatoxins (type B and G) producers but did not produce CPA. Five of sixty-seven strains isolated from peanuts showed an unusual pattern of mycotoxin production (aflatoxins type B and G simultaneously with CPA). These strains also produced numerous small sclerotia like S strains of A. flavus detected in cottonseed in Arizona and in soils of Thailand and West Africa. The atypical strains are not widely distributed in Argentina and were found uniquely in peanuts.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica, Area Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 3 Piso, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. vaamonde@qo.fcen.uba.ar
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaamonde
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patriarca
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernández Pinto
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Comerio
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Degrossi
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010367:Arachis / Q000382:microbiology; D001118:Argentina; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000378:metabolism; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000382:microbiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D007211:Indoles; C000543:cyclopiazonic acid