title: Development of a methacholine challenge method to minimize methacholine waste.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The standard 2-min tidal breathing methacholine challenge utilizes 3 mL to produce an output of 0.26 mL per 2 min, resulting in a substantial amount of methacholine being discarded.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a method with reduced methacholine waste and to compare it to the standard method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve subjects with mild, well-controlled asthma volunteered for this investigation. They underwent three methacholine challenges in random order. The first challenge was the conventional 2-min tidal breathing method using 3 mL of doubling concentrations inhaled for 2 min at 5-min intervals. The first modification utilized 1.5 mL of quadrupling concentrations inhaled for 1 min and then 2 min, keeping the time interval constant at 3 min between completion of one inhalation and commencement of the next inhalation. The second modification utilized 1.5 mL of eightfold concentration step-ups inhaled for 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s with a time interval of 3 min between completion of one inhalation and commencement of the next inhalation. For each method, the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC(20)) was calculated based on a 2-min equivalent-dose inhalation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the geometric mean PC(20) (1.5 mg/mL, 1.6 mg/mL, and 1.6 mg/mL for the three methods, respectively; p = 0.47). The quadrupling concentration method was preferred because it was less subject to error than the other modification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of methacholine discarded during a methacholine challenge can be reduced by two thirds by decreasing the volume from 3 to 1.5 mL, and by using quadrupling concentrations inhaled either with quadrupling-dose step-ups, or with doubling-dose step-ups by using sequential 1-min and 2-min inhalations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada. cockcroft@sask.usask.ca
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cockcroft
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Audrey J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smycniuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride