title: CCL16/LEC powerfully triggers effector and antigen-presenting functions of macrophages and enhances T cell cytotoxicity.
abstract: The human CC chemokine CCL16, a liver-expressed chemokine, enhances the killing activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages by triggering their expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and Fas ligand. Macrophages also respond to CCL16 by enhancing their production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted chemokines, and interleukin (IL)-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-12. The effect of CCL16 is almost as strong as that of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, two of the best macrophage activators. Moreover, CCL16-activated macrophages overexpress membrane CD80, CD86, and CD40 costimulatory molecules and extensively phagocytose tumor cell debris. On exposure to such debris, they activate a strong, tumor-specific, cytolytic response in virgin T cells. Furthermore, cytolytic T cells generated in the presence of CCL16 display a higher cytotoxicity and activate caspase-8 in tumor target cells. This ability to activate caspase-8 depends on their overexpression of TNF-alpha and Fas ligand induced by CCL16. These data reveal a new function for CCL16 in the immune-response scenario. CCL16 significantly enhances the effector and the antigen-presenting function of macrophages and augments T cell lytic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Bilogical Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cappello
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caorsi
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosticardo
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovarelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D020332:Rats, Inbred LEC; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C481939:CCL16 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12