title: Simple and rapid analysis of endocrine disruptors in liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction/high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A simple and rapid method was developed for analyzing contamination of endocrine disruptors in liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions. Endocrine disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), alkylphenols and phthalates were quantitated by on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (in-tube SPME/HPLC) with UV detection. The liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions could be used directly without any pretreatment, and the BPA, alkylphenols and phthalates in these solutions were automatically analyzed. The limits of quantification for these compounds were 1-10 ng/ml. Recoveries of these compounds spiked to the intravenous injection solutions was over 80%, except for some phthalates. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was detected at a concentration of 7-60 ng/ml in most intravenous injection solutions in plastic containers, but it was not detected in solutions in glass bottles. Diethyl phthalate, di-n-propyl phthalate, DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were also detected in syrup, lotion and eye drops in plastic containers. On the other hand, BPA and alkylphenols were not detected at all in these solutions. DEHP contamination from an administration set increased when total vitamin formulation was added to the infusion solution. DEHP was easily leached from polyvinyl chloride tubing by polysorbate 80. The in-tube SPME/HPLC method is simple, rapid and automatic, and it provides a useful tool for the screening and determination of endocrine disruptor contamination in liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
authors.forename: Kurie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narimatsu
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izushi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
mesh_terms: D001322:Autoanalysis; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000187:drug effects*; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000032:analysis; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D014815:Vitamins; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds