title: Contrast medium in power Doppler ultrasound for assessment of synovial vascularity: comparison with arthroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reliability of contrast-unenhanced power Doppler (CUPD) and contrast-enhanced power Doppler (CEPD) ultrasound (US) assessment of synovial vascularity of knee joint synovitis by prospective comparison with the "gold standard," arthroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 18 knees of 17 patients with refractory rheumatoid and psoriatic knee joint synovitis were examined by US. Recognition of PD synovial vessel flow and its spatial arrangement in relation to the pannus/cartilage interface (P/CI) or fluid/synovium interface (F/SI) were studied by CUPD- and CEPD-US after a single intravenous bolus of galactosel palmitic acid (Levovist). Arthroscopy video recordings were reanalyzed by computer image analysis to assess synovial vascular marking. CUPD and CEPD flow signal scores were compared with each other and with corresponding vascular marking scores. Using villous vascular marking as reference, CUPD and CEPD sensitivity and specificity were measured. Interobserver variability was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the unenhanced PD method, contrast administration increased the PD flow signal score in 13/18 knees (72.2%), allowing increased detection of F/SI PD flow signal configuration (p < 0.018) and of the coexistence of P/CI and F/SI PD imaging (p < 0.0078). With arthroscopy as reference, contrast-enhanced PD was found to be more useful than the unenhanced method, showing more reproducible PD signal scores (p = 0.05 vs p = nonsignificant), as well as higher sensitivity (80% vs 30%), but lower specificity (62% vs 87%), in the recognition of increased vascularity of synovial villi. Interobserver agreement was 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prospective comparison with arthroscopy showed the reliability of the CEPD method in synovial vessel recognition and its potential clinical usefulness in assessment of knee joint synovitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fiocco
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Luisella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: Maristella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vezzù
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sfriso
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Checchetto
authors.forename: Fulvia Chieco
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nardacchione
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Todesco
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubaltelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013585:Synovitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508