title: Efficacy and safety of 0.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of 0.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution (Quixin; Santen, Napa, CA) with 0.3% ofloxacin (Ocuflox; Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) and placebo for the treatment of pediatric bacterial conjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a subset analysis of 167 pediatric patients (age range, 1 to 16 years) from two randomized, double-masked, multicenter, parallel group studies. Eye drops were instilled every 2 hours on days 1 and 2 and every 4 hours on days 3 through 5. Ocular signs and symptoms were noted, and conjunctival cultures were obtained on day 1 (baseline), days 3 to 5 (interim), and days 6 to 10 (final). Endpoint was defined as the last evaluable observation. Microbial and clinical outcomes were based on culture results and cardinal signs, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At endpoint (mean of 6.5 days for 118 evaluable patients), 0.5% levofloxacin treatment demonstrated greater microbial eradication rates (percentage of patients with absence of causative organisms cultured at baseline) compared with 0.3% ofloxacin or placebo. In children age 2 to 11 years, this finding was statistically significant in favor of 0.5% levofloxacin (87% vs 62% with 0.3% ofloxacin [P < or =.032] and 88% vs 24% with placebo [P <.001]). No significant differences between treatment groups in microbial eradication rates were noted in other age subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 5 days of therapy, 0.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution was found to be safe and effective in treating pediatric bacterial conjunctivitis. Treatment with 0.5% levofloxacin achieved microbial eradication rates in children that were statistically superior to those attained with 0.3% ofloxacin or placebo.
authors.affiliation: Louisville Children's Eye Specialists, 334 East Broadway, Suite 325, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rinehart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003234:Conjunctivitis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin