title: Sleep breathing disorders in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate the presence of sleep breathing disorders in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and their correlation with the severity of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients (mean age 63 +/- 4 years) with idiopathic PD (Group A) and 15 healthy matched controls (Group B) were studied. All patients were under treatment with L-Dopa/Carbidopa and classified according to the UPDRS motor scale: 8 had mild disease (UPDRS < 12), 6 moderate (UPDRS: 12-22) and 1 severe (UPDRS > 22).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants underwent full night polysomnography (PSG). The sleep-wake history was assessed. Spirometry, maximal respiratory pressures and arterial blood gases were also measured. Snoring was more common in Group A patients (73.3% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.002). Among the parameters studied apnea hypopnea index (AHI), mean O2 saturation, minimum O2 saturation, REM% sleep and Arousal Index (Arousal Index) were statistically different between the two groups. Furthermore, 9 PD patients fulfilled the criteria for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) predominately mild, 1 for central sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (CSAHS) and 5 were normal. In all patients a marked reduction in percentage REM sleep was observed. Among the patients with OSAHS 5 had mild PD, 3 moderate and 1 severe. The patient with CSAHS had moderate disease. Finally, 3 patients with mild and 2 with moderate PD had no evidence of sleep breathing disorders. Correlations between severity of disease and sleep parameters are provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that sleep breathing disorders, predominantly obstructive, seem to be common in PD and those events correlate with the severity of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Basta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maria
authors.forename: Schiza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sophia
authors.forename: Mauridis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalis
authors.forename: Lydakis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Charalampos
authors.forename: Plaitakis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andreas
authors.forename: Milic Emili
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Siafakas M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nikolaos
mesh_terms: D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology