title: Efficacy of chlorine and calcinated calcium treatment of alfalfa seeds and sprouts to eliminate Salmonella.
abstract: The efficacy of a 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite treatment of alfalfa seeds artificially contaminated with Salmonella was studied. Salmonella populations reached >7.0 log on sprouts grown from seeds artificially contaminated with Salmonella and then treated with 20,000 ppm Ca(OCl)(2). The efficacy of spray application of chlorine (100 ppm) to eliminate Salmonella during germination and growth of alfalfa was assessed. Alfalfa seed artificially contaminated with Salmonella was treated at germination, on day 2 or day 4, or for the duration of the growth period. Spray application of 100 ppm chlorine at germination, day 2, or day 4 of growth was minimally effective resulting in approximately a 0.5-log decrease in population of Salmonella. Treatment on each of the 4 days of growth reduced populations of Salmonella by only 1.5 log. Combined treatment of seeds with 20,000 ppm Ca(OCl)(2) and followed by 100 ppm chlorine or calcinated calcium during germination and sprout growth did not eliminate Salmonella.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Karl R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000382:microbiology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; C004488:calcium hypochlorite; D002713:Chlorine; D002118:Calcium