title: Zidovudine-induced alterations in the heart and vascular smooth muscle of the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of zidovudine (AZT) on cardiac and vascular smooth muscle function and morphology in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats received AZT in drinking water for 240 days; four rats served as controls. Echocardiographic examination and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement were performed. At the end of treatment the rats were sacrificed, their hearts were weighed and vascular smooth muscle contractile and relaxing properties were evaluated in vitro on endothelium-intact aortic rings. Morphological studies were performed on cardiac and aortic myocytes by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AZT-treated rats (AZT-Rs) showed higher SBP, greater heart weight and, as revealed by echocardiography, greater interventricular septum thickness. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial swelling in myocardiocytes in AZT-Rs. Reduced response to contractile stimuli and enhanced relaxation in response to charbacol were observed in the aortic rings of AZT-Rs. The aortic myocytes of AZT-Rs contained apparently unaffected ultrastructural features, but light microscopy suggested their marked enlargement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AZT treatment for 240 days in rats induces a modest increase in SBP, hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and modified vascular smooth muscle responsiveness. The role of mitochondria in these AZT-induced cardiovascular alterations remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Ezia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruga
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bova
authors.forename: Gastone
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nussdorfer
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzocchi
authors.forename: Piera
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rebuffat
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Milanesi
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cargnelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004452:Echocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000648:ultrastructure; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D015215:Zidovudine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002217:Carbachol