Generating the cerebral cortical area map.
The view that the cortical primordium is initially patterned in similar ways to the rest of the embryo has been a conceptual breakthrough. We now have a new starting point for understanding how the cortical area map is established and how maps may change and evolve. Here we review findings that signaling molecules secreted from distinct cortical signaling centers establish positional information in the cortical primordium and regulate regional growth. In other embryonic systems, positional signals would regulate the patterned expression of transcription factors, leading, in a gene regulatory cascade, to the patterned differentiation of the tissue. We discuss candidate transcription factors with respect to such a model of cortical patterning. Finally, embryonic structures interact to pattern one another. We review data suggesting that the thalamus and cortex are patterned independently then interact to generate the final cortical area map.
Grove
Elizabeth A
EA
Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, 947 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. egrove@drugs.bsd.uchicago.edu
Fukuchi-Shimogori
Tomomi
T
D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008959:Models, Neurological; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013788:Thalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496457:Fgf8 protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors