title: [Extracapsular spread of cervical lymph node metastases: diagnostic relevance of ultrasound examinations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of the value of ultrasound examination in the determination of extracapsular neoplastic infiltration and soft tissue infiltration of cervical lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study the results of ultrasound studies in 110 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the head-neck region were compared with the findings of the histologic examination after neck dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound examination showed a specificity of 81.8 % in the determination of extracapsular neoplastic infiltration. The sensitivity was only 78.6 % - this was mainly caused by microscopic extracapsular growth, which gave false-negative results. Infiltration of blood vessels were identified in all patients. There was only one false negative diagnosis of muscle infiltration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The specificity (81.8 %) and sensitivity (78.6 %) of ultrasound examinations in the diagnosis of extracapsular infiltration in patients with lymph nodes metastasis is promising. But the examiner has to keep in mind that especially microscopic extracapsular neoplastic infiltration cannot be seen in ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Charitè, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Steinkamp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography