title: [Clinical and laboratory findings in a series of cases of infective endocarditis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical and laboratory data of infective endocarditis (IE) in 28 children from Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 28 children aged 18 years and under admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit of Nossa Senhora da Glória Children's Hospital with a diagnosis of IE from January 1993 to December 2001. The diagnosis of IE was based on the criteria established by the Duke Endocarditis Service (Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA): positive blood cultures and echocardiogram (primary criteria); and fever, history of heart disease, recent heart murmur, and vascular and immunological phenomena (secondary criteria). A specific protocol was filled out by interns and medical students and revised by physicians from the hospital medical team to obtain the following data: age, sex, clinical and laboratory findings, and results of transthoracic echocardiography. In all cases, three blood samples were collected under aseptic conditions and inoculated in aerobic and anaerobic environments. The samples were then incubated at 37 degrees C and tested with the VITEC SYSTEM automatized system (BIOLAB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 28 patients, 16 were boys. Age was between 3 and 180 months (mean 70.6 +/- 59.2 months). Most children (68%) came from the metropolitan area of Vitória, and half presented a history of cardiopathy. The most frequent clinical findings which led to suspicion of IE were: prolonged fever in all cases, new or changing regurgitant murmur (67.9%), dyspnea (57.1%), hepatomegaly (57.1%), vascular phenomena (32.2%), splenomegaly (28.6%), and Osler's nodes (7.1%). Blood cultures were positive in 16 patients (57.1%), and community-acquired S. aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen (56.6%). Despite the treatment, fever persisted for 2.5 to 30 days (median=18.0 days). Mean leukocyte count at admission was 11,657 +/- 7,085 mm3. Transthoracic echocardiography showed endocardial lesion in all patients, evidencing vegetations in the tricuspid valve (25%), mitral valve (25%), and intraventricular communication border (28%). Thirteen (46.4%) children presented concomitant sepsis and three (10.7%) developed hospital-acquired infection. There was one death (3.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IE in our country is frequent among children younger than 2 years with congenital cardiopathy. Community-acquired S. aureus was the most frequently isolated microorganism in children with no previous cardiac lesion. Acute infective endocarditis, bacterial endocarditis, Staphylococcus aureus, transthoracic echocardiography.
authors.affiliation: Infectologia Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla A Z
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Scheila C G P
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rocio
authors.forename: Maria-Fátima R
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ceolin
authors.forename: Ana-Paula N B
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Felippe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borlot
authors.forename: Roberto S T
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Sandra F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Moreira-Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric