title: [LysB3, GluB29] insulin: a novel insulin analog with enhanced beta-cell protective action.
abstract: Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 has been implicated in the promotion of beta-cell survival. Here we tested the hypothesis that the novel analog [LysB3, GluB29] insulin (insulin glulisine, IG) might mediate an enhanced beta-cell protective effect due to its unique property of preferential IRS-2 phosphorylation. We assessed IRS activation by IG and its anti-apoptotic activity against cytokines or palmitic acid in comparison to insulin, insulin analogs, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I using INS-1 cells. IG induced a prominent IRS-2 activation without significant IRS-1 stimulation. The marked cytokine- and fatty acid-induced apoptosis was strongly (55-60%) inhibited by IG both at the level of caspase 3 activation and nucleosomal release, with only 15% inhibition of apoptosis by regular insulin. At 1nM, insulin, insulin aspart, and insulin lispro were much less effective compared to IG. In conclusion, the prominent anti-apoptotic activity of insulin glulisine might serve to counteract autoimmune- and lipotoxicity-induced beta-cell destruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Research Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Irini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rakatzi
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seipke
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eckel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D051381:Rats; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005227:Fatty Acids; C526297:IRS2 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526299:Irs2 protein, rat; D009707:Nucleosomes; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D014443:Tyrosine; C479079:insulin glulisine; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D008239:Lysine