title: Effect of a standardized grape seed extract on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation in heavy smokers.
abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a standardized formulation of a polyphenolic extract of grapes (Leucoselect-Phytosome [LP]) on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) susceptibility to oxidation in a group of heavy smokers. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study was undertaken in 24 healthy male heavy smokers, aged > or = 50 years. Enrolled subjects were given 2 capsules twice daily for 4 weeks (phase 1). Each capsule contained 75 mg of a grape procyanidin extracts and soy-phosphatidlcholine or placebo consisiting of 75 mg lactose and soy-phosphatidlcholine. A wash out period of 3 weeks was then followed by 4 weeks of the opposite treatment (phase 2). Blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of each phase and assayed for plasma lipids and LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Compliance was good, and no adverse effects were recorded. Subjects did not show significant modification of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C during LP treatment. Among oxidative indices, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration was significantly reduced in subjects taking LP (-14.7% +/- 21.1% v +5.0% +/- 18.1%, P <.01), and the lag phase prolonged (+15.4% +/- 24.4% v -0.1% +/- 16.0%, P <.05) compared with placebo and basal values. The antioxidant potential of grape seed extract polyphenols may prove effective in a model of oxidative stress (smoking); however more investigational data are needed before use in wider clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine II, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Vigna
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aldini
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carini
authors.forename: Alberico
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catapano
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schena
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tangerini
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanca
authors.forename: Egidio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bombardelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morazzoni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mezzetti
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fellin
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maffei Facino
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044946:Biflavonoids; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D027843:Vitis; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044946:Biflavonoids; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014280:Triglycerides; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin; D024505:Tocopherols; D000077276:Lycopene