title: Structure-activity relationships of the p38alpha MAP kinase inhibitor 1-(5-tert-butyl-2-p-tolyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-[4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)naph- thalen-1-yl]urea (BIRB 796).
abstract: We report on the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 1-(5-tert-butyl-2-p-tolyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-[4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl]urea (BIRB 796), an inhibitor of p38alpha MAP kinase which has advanced into human clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Thermal denaturation was used to establish molecular binding affinities for this class of p38alpha inhibitors. The tert-butyl group remains a critical binding element by occupying a lipophilic domain in the kinase which is exposed upon rearrangement of the activation loop. An aromatic ring attached to N-2 of the pyrazole nucleus provides important pi-CH(2) interactions with the kinase. The role of groups attached through an ethoxy group to the 4-position of the naphthalene and directed into the ATP-binding domain is elucidated. Pharmacophores with good hydrogen bonding potential, such as morpholine, pyridine, and imidazole, shift the melting temperature of p38alpha by 16-17 degrees C translating into K(d) values of 50-100 pM. Finally, we describe several compounds that potently inhibit TNF-alpha production when dosed orally in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development Center, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA. jregan@rdg.boehringer-ingelheim.com
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capolino
authors.forename: Pier F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Anne G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Rachel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kroe
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madwed
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriak
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pargellis
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swinamer
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torcellini
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D048308:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D048308:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014508:Urea; C452139:doramapimod; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds