title: Differential expression of transforming growth factors-beta 1, -beta 2, -beta 3 and the type I, II, III receptors in the lining epithelia of inflamed gingiva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the distribution of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms in chronically inflamed periodontal tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study determined, by immunohistochemistry, the expression patterns of TGF-betas and their receptors in the lining epithelia of inflamed gingiva. Frozen sections were obtained from 22 human gingival biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta 1 was not detected in gingival epithelial cells in examined sections. Detection of TGF-beta 2 indicated a progressive reduction of staining from the external oral epithelium through to gingival sulcus and the gingival attachment or pocket epithelium. TGF-beta 3 showed intense staining in all domains of both minimally inflamed gingiva and advanced periodontitis tissues. TGF-beta RI was visualised as focal staining of the spinous layer in the external oral epithelium of both periodontitis lesions and minimally inflamed tissues. TGF-beta RII was present throughout the strata, but with progressive reduction in intensity from the oral epithelium to gingival attachment or pocket epithelium respectively while, conversely, TGF-beta RIII showed an increase in diffuse staining intensity from external oral epithelium to pocket epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A distinct expression profile was observed within different individuals for TGF-betas and the corresponding receptors. These findings provide a basis for evaluation of the role of these growth factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simonian
authors.forename: Cheryl C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gibbins
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta