title: The "pro-drug" RibCys decreases the mutagenicity of high-LET radiation in cultured mammalian cells.
abstract: We are carrying out studies aimed at reducing the mutagenic effects of high-LET 56Fe ions and 12C ions (56Fe ions, 143 keV/microm; 12C ions, 100 keV/microm) with certain drugs, including RibCys [2-(R,S)-D-ribo-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)-thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid]. RibCys, formed by condensation of L-cysteine with D-ribose, is designed so that the sulfhydryl amino acid L-cysteine is released intracellularly through nonenzymatic ring opening and hydrolysis leading to increased levels of glutathione (GSH). RibCys (4 or 10 mM), which was present during irradiation and for a few hours after, significantly decreased the yield of CD59- mutants induced by radiation in AL human-hamster hybrid cells. RibCys did not affect the clonogenic survival of irradiated cells, nor was it mutagenic itself. These results, together with the minimal side effects reported in mice and pigs, indicate that RibCys may be useful, perhaps even when used prophylactically, in reducing the mutation load created by high-LET radiation in astronauts or other exposed individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. marekl@colostate.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenarczyk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vannais
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hei
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Waldren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D006822:Hybrid Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007504:Iron Radioisotopes; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053778:Thiazolidines
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007504:Iron Radioisotopes; D011355:Prodrugs; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; C070066:2-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; D003545:Cysteine