Roles of STEF/Tiam1, guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rac1, in regulation of growth cone morphology.
Rho family GTPases are suggested to be pivotal for growth cone behavior, but regulation of their activities in response to environmental cues remains elusive. Here, we describe roles of STEF and Tiam1, guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rac1, in neurite growth and growth cone remodeling. We reveal that, in primary hippocampal neurons, STEF/Tiam1 are localized within growth cones and essential for formation of growth cone lamellipodia, eventually contributing to neurite growth. Furthermore, experiments using a dominant-negative form demonstrate that STEF/Tiam1 mediate extracellular laminin signals to activate Rac1, promoting neurite growth in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. STEF/Tiam1 are revealed to mediate Cdc42 signal to activate Rac1 during lamellipodial formation. We also show that RhoA inhibits the STEF/Tiam1-Rac1 pathway. These data are used to propose a model that extracellular and intracellular information is integrated by STEF/Tiam1 to modulate the balance of Rho GTPase activities in the growth cone and, consequently, to control growth cone behavior.
Matsuo
Naoki
N
Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Terao
Mami
M
Nabeshima
Yo-ichi
Y
Hoshino
Mikio
M
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005333:Fetus; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D000075684:T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007797:Laminin; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D000075684:T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1; C513260:Tiam1 protein, mouse; C513259:Tiam1 protein, rat; C447620:Tiam2 protein, mouse; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein