title: Cloning and characterization of the gene cluster encoding arthrofactin synthetase from Pseudomonas sp. MIS38.
abstract: Arthrofactin is a potent cyclic lipopeptide-type biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas sp. MIS38. In this work, an arthrofactin synthetase gene cluster (arf) spanning 38.7 kb was cloned and characterized. Three genes termed arfA, arfB, and arfC encode ArfA, ArfB, and ArfC, containing two, four, and five functional modules, respectively. Each module bears condensation, adenylation, and thiolation domains, like other nonribosomal peptide synthetases. However, unlike most of them, none of the 11 modules possess the epimerization domain responsible for the conversion of amino acid residues from L to D form. Possible L- and D-Leu adenylation domains specifically recognized only L-Leu. Moreover, two thioesterase domains are tandemly located at the C-terminal end of ArfC. These results suggest that ArfA, ArfB, and ArfC assemble to form a unique structure. Gene disruption of arfB impaired arthrofactin production, reduced swarming activity, and enhanced biofilm formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Niran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roongsawang
authors.forename: Ken ichi
authors.initials: Ki
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haruki
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imanaka
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanaya
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018441:Biofilms; D002384:Catalysis; D002465:Cell Movement; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D040461:Gene Components; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000201:enzymology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
chemical_list: D055666:Lipopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C083714:arthrofactin; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C486863:arthrofactin synthetase