title: Aiding diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its subtypes: discriminant function analysis of event-related potential data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robust evidence exists that the brain functioning of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) differs from that of normal controls. The purpose of this study was to further investigate whether event-related potential (ERP) measures of brain function could be used to reliably classify normal controls versus children and adolescents with two subtypes of AD/HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioural and topographic ERP data from children aged 8-12 years (n = 75) and adolescents aged 13-18 years (n = 75) were entered into stepwise discriminant function analyses separating controls and subjects with AD/HD, and also subjects with AD/HD-Predominantly Inattentive type (AD/HDin) from those with AD/HD-Combined type (AD/HDcom).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For children aged 8-12 years, controls and children with AD/HD could be separated with an overall classification accuracy of 73.3%, and the AD/HD subtypes were classified with 69.4% overall accuracy. For adolescents aged 13-18 years, 58.7% of the control vs. AD/HD subjects were correctly classified, and 62.7% of subjects in the subtypes. Classification function coefficients for each of these discriminations are presented for the purposes of cross-validation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children aged 8-12 years, analysis of ERP data may aid a clinician in diagnosing AD/HD, although the clinical utility of ERP analysis is reduced for adolescents aged 13-18 years. Suggestions are made to combine ERP measures with other measures of brain function in order to improve classification accuracy, and also to predict drug response in children diagnosed with AD/HD.
authors.affiliation: Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Janette L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity