title: Adenovirus encoding soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin prolongs gene expression of a cotransfected reporter gene in rat lung.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because almost all pulmonary diseases are not caused by one gene, multiple gene transfection is required for current gene therapy. Adenovirus is an important gene therapy vector, but a short duration and the inability of repeated administration remain limitations. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether adenoviral vector encoding soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin and beta-galactosidase cotransfection prolongs gene expression and facilitates repeated vector administration to investigate the feasibility of a cotransfection strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  F344 rats received intratracheal administration of 1 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of adenoviral vector encoding beta-galactosidase or both adenoviral vector encoding beta-galactosidase and adenoviral vector encoding soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin. In the expression study beta-galactosidase gene expression in the lung was examined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 (n = 4/day). In the repeated transfection study, soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin and beta-galactosidase were readministered once (7 days after the first adenovirus administration) or twice (on days 7 and 14; n = 4/day). A 2-way factorial analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin and beta-galactosidase cotransfection prolonged the duration of beta-galactosidase expression. However, antiadenovirus antibody production was significantly increased in the cotransfection group. In addition, there was no increase in beta-galactosidase expression after readministration of soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin and beta-galactosidase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenoviral vector encoding soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin and beta-galactosidase cotransfection prolongs beta-galactosidase expression but does not increase beta-galactosidase expression after repeated administration. These results suggest that tumor necrosis factor alpha is one of the most important factors in regulating the duration of gene expression. The cotransfection approach is feasible, but the increase of antiadenovirus antibodies might make repeated cotransfection unfeasible.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, One Barnes-Jewish Hospital Plaza, 3108 Queeny Tower, St Louis, MO 63110-1013, USA.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tagawa
authors.forename: Samer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kanaan
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kozower
authors.forename: Niccolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daddi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohanakumar
authors.forename: G Alexander
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D000068800:Etanercept; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D000068800:Etanercept