Strategies in the design of prodrugs of anti-HIV agents.
Control of AIDS requires development of special therapeutic strategies in order to reduce the level of monocyte/macrophage HIV infection, to prevent spread of HIV within the monocyte/macrophage reservoir, to maintain a therapeutically effective drug concentration in sanctuaries such as the brain and to overcome the problem of cellular resistance mechanisms. A popular approach towards this end has been the development of prodrugs of anti-HIV drugs. This review covers the different strategies devised for the design of prodrugs of anti-HIV agents with emphasis on the recent findings in this field of research. Thus, prodrugs of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) including, 5'-O carboxylic ester derivatives, 5'-O- monophosphate analogues, macromolecular derivatives, prodrugs of purine nucleosides, prodrugs of acyclic nucleosides, homo and hetero dinucleotides, prodrugs of non-classical nucleoside analogues, boranophosphate triesters of NRTIs, and prodrugs of protease inhibitors including acyl-substituted prodrugs, prodrugs with increased water solubility, monophosphate prodrugs, and conjugates of HIV protease inhibitors with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor through spontaneously cleavable linkers, constitute the subject of this review.
Calogeropoulou
Theodora
T
National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece. tcalog@eie.gr
Detsi
Anastasia
A
Lekkas
Eleni
E
Koufaki
Maria
M
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015195:Drug Design; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D006801:Humans; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors