title: Formaldehyde fixation contributes to detoxification for growth of a nonmethylotroph, Burkholderia cepacia TM1, on vanillic acid.
abstract: During bacterial degradation of methoxylated lignin monomers, such as vanillin and vanillic acid, formaldehyde is released through the reaction catalyzed by vanillic acid demethylase. When Burkholderia cepacia TM1 was grown on vanillin or vanillic acid as the sole carbon source, the enzymes 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (HPS) and 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase (PHI) were induced. These enzymes were also expressed during growth on Luria-Bertani medium containing formaldehyde. To understand the roles of these enzymes, the hps and phi genes from a methylotrophic bacterium, Methylomonas aminofaciens 77a, were introduced into B. cepacia TM1. The transformant strain constitutively expressed the genes for HPS and PHI, and these activities were two- or threefold higher than the activities in the wild strain. Incorporation of [14C]formaldehyde into the cell constituents was increased by overexpression of the genes. Furthermore, the degradation of vanillic acid and the growth yield were significantly improved at a high concentration of vanillic acid (60 mM) in the transformant strain. These results suggest that HPS and PHI play significant roles in the detoxification and assimilation of formaldehyde. This is the first report that enhancement of the HPS/PHI pathway could improve the degradation of vanillic acid in nonmethylotrophic bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan. rmitsui@dbc.ous.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yurimoto
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000446:Aldehyde-Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D016956:Burkholderia cepacia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D020620:Methylomonas / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005557:Formaldehyde; D000446:Aldehyde-Lyases; C021355:hexose phosphate synthetase; D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; C023918:phospho-3-hexuloisomerase; D014641:Vanillic Acid