title: Intractable diarrhea of infancy with facial dysmorphism, trichorrhexis nodosa, and cirrhosis.
abstract: A 3-year-old girl had severe intractable diarrhea with trichorrhexis nodosa and cirrhosis. This patient was referred to the pediatric dermatology clinic for lifelong brittle hair. The brittle hair microscopically demonstrated trichorrhexis nodosa. The girl also had facial dysmorphism, with a prominent forehead and cheeks, broad flat nose, and hypertelorism. She had a history of severe intractable diarrhea since 2 weeks of age and failure to thrive requiring lifelong total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Hepatomegaly was noted and prompted liver biopsy which demonstrated cirrhosis. Mental retardation and developmental delay was also found upon examination. This child may be included in the syndrome of intractable infant diarrhea, an entity known in the gastroenterology literature but yet not reported in the dermatologic literature. Dermatologists should be aware of this syndrome in which trichorrhexis nodosa is commonly seen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA. landersm@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Maeran C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006197:Hair / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total