title: Development and testing of a modular strain measurement clip.
abstract: A novel, multi-use, low-stiffness and low-cost transducer for measuring in vitro strains has been developed and tested. Currently available strain measurement methods are either too expensive, too complicated or too inflexible for multi-use strain measurement. The stainless-steel modular strain measurement clip introduced here was instrumented with four 350 Omega axial strain gauges in a full Wheatstone bridge configuration to take advantage of commonly available strain gauge amplifier equipment. Adjustable extension arms were designed to allow greater application versatility. The clip was calibrated and produced a linear response (R(2)>0.99) over a minimum of 1.04 mm at high amplifier gain. With reduced amplifier settings, testing showed a linear response over a range of 30.5 mm (R(2)>0.99). Clip stiffness was 0.6N/mm of extension arm tip displacement for minimal instrumentation artifact. A validation test was conducted through a comparison of strain clips, surface-mounted strain gauges and theoretical strain in an aluminium rod subjected to axial tensile loading. The two measurement techniques were used to determine the modulus of elasticity of the aluminium rod. Results were within 6% of the known modulus of elasticity for aluminium. A comparative biomechanical test was also performed on an equine third metacarpal specimen. The traditional bonded strain gauging method produced similar results as the new strain clip, but failed to measure ultimate strains since all strain gauges failed prior to specimen failure. Further investigations into the multiple uses of the clip are underway and recommendations for future versions of the clip are given.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont. N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Whan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: R John
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Runciman
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurtig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D004548:Elasticity; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006736:Horses; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008663:Metacarpus / Q000502:physiology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014159:Transducers