title: Hesperetin glucuronide, a photoprotective agent arising from flavonoid metabolism in human skin fibroblasts.
abstract: There is considerable interest in the biological properties of flavonoids in terms of their antioxidant and cytoprotective actions. The interaction of the flavanone hesperetin with human skin fibroblasts (FEK4) has revealed the potential for metabolism to hesperetin glucuronide and its subsequent extrusion. As a consequence of this observation, the effectiveness of hesperetin glucuronides, in comparison with that of the aglycone form, in protecting against UV-A radiation has been investigated. The results indicate that hesperetin glucuronides, but not hesperetin, protect against UV-A-induced necrotic cell death.
authors.affiliation: Antioxidant Research Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, GKT School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Street, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Proteggente
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu-Modak
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuhnle
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Kuresh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Youdim
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rice-Evans
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D020719:Glucuronides; D006569:Hesperidin; C013015:hesperetin