title: Coxsackievirus-mediated hyperglycemia is enhanced by reinfection and this occurs independent of T cells.
abstract: The induction of autoimmunity by viruses has been hypothesized to occur by a number of mechanisms. Coxsackievirus B4 (CB4) induces hyperglycemia in SJL mice resembling diabetes in humans. While virus is effectively cleared within 2 weeks, hyperglycemia does not appear until about 8-12 weeks postinfection at a time when replicative virus is no longer detectable. In SJL mice, reinfection with CB4 enhanced the development of hyperglycemia. As predicted, the immune system responded more rapidly to the second infection and virus was cleared more swiftly. However, while infiltrating T cells were found within the pancreas, depletion of the CD4 T cell population prior to secondary infection or use of CD8 knock-out mice had no effect on the development of virus-mediated hyperglycemia. In conclusion, enhanced hyperglycemia induced by CB4 occurs independent of the T cell response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 123, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilic
authors.forename: Cody
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarvetnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D010179:Pancreas / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*