title: Full-length sequences of six hepatitis E virus isolates of genotypes III and IV from patients with sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ranges of variation and conservation in sequence need to be defined for detecting and genotyping hepatitis E virus (HEV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six HEV isolates from Japanese patients were sequenced over the entire genome and compared phylogenetically along with 16 reported HEV isolates, including two from pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the six HEV isolates were of genotype III, and the remaining three were of genotype IV. Local clusterings of Japanese HEV isolates were observed in the phylogenetic analyses, including a swine HEV isolate reported previously (swJ570). All six HEV isolates possessed three open reading frames (ORFs). The ORF3 in the three isolates of genotype III were in a different reading frame, while that in the three isolates of genotype IV were in the same reading frame as ORF1. A stretch of 46-96 nucleotides was identified, point mutations and deletions in which were specific for the four genotypes (I-IV). A polymerase chain reaction method was developed with 9 nested universal primers, deduced from conserved regions in the 5'-terminal sequences of the 22 HEV genomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conserved and genotype-specific variation in HEV sequences, identified in the comparison of 22 full-length genomes, would be useful in designing primers for sensitive detection and specific genotyping of HEV RNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. kazu.takahashi@pep.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Jong-Hon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maekubo
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishiro
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology*; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary