title: Recurrence of low back pain: definition-sensitivity analysis using administrative data.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of administrative claims data in a single workers' compensation jurisdiction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of alternative definitions and follow-up parameters on rates of low back pain recurrence based on detailed administrative data.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies reported low back pain recurrence rates ranging from 14% to 45%, without consistency in definitions of recurrence or specifications of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with new claims for low back pain reported in New Hampshire to a large workers' compensation provider in 1996 and 1997 were selected (N = 2944). Definitions of recurrence included: new workers' compensation claim, new episode of care, and new episode of lost work time (work disability). For the latter two definitions, various minimum between-episode gaps were applied and related to recurrence rates. Two follow-up structures (constant length of follow-up post end of the first episode and fixed-period length of follow-up since the onset of low back pain) were examined for sensitivity of recognizing low back pain recurrence, with a maximum of 3-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrence rate using a claims-based definition was 7.9% and 7.1% for the entire cohort and the subset with work disability days, respectively, for the 3 years of follow-up. Care-based recurrence rates ranged between 12% and 49%, whereas disability-based recurrence rates ranged between 6% and 17% over the 3 years, inversely related to the length of the minimum between-episode gap (R = -0.86 for disability and care, P < 0.001). Two-year follow-up was sufficient to identify 85% to 100% of recurrences regardless of the follow-up structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrence rates are highly sensitive to variations in definitions. Consistency of definitions and application across studies is required to enable valid comparisons.
authors.affiliation: Liberty Mutual Center for Disability Research, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA. radoslaw.wasiak@libertymutual.com
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wasiak
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pransky
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014942:Workers' Compensation