title: Ultrasound evaluation of normal and abnormal fetuses: comparison of conventional, tissue harmonic, and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the usefulness of tissue harmonic imaging (THI) and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one pregnant women who bore a total of 31 normal and ten abnormal fetuses underwent conventional ultrasonography (CUS), and then THI and PIHI. US images of six organ systems, namely the brain, spine, heart, abdomen, extremities and face were compared between the three techniques in terms of overall conspicuity and the definition of borders and internal structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the brain, heart, abdomen and face, overall conspicuity at THI and PIHI was significantly better than at CUS (p < 0.05). There was, though, no significant difference between THI and PIHI. Affected organs in abnormal fetuses were more clearly depicted at THI and PIHI than at CUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both THI and PIHI appear to be superior to CUS for the evaluation of normal or abnormal structures, particularly the brain, heart, abdomen and face.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. bhkim@smc.samsung.co.kr
authors.forename: Jeong-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Bohyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sooah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Moon Hae
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyeong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal