title: Characterization of male and female wingbeat frequencies in the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex in Mississippi.
abstract: Classifying individual mosquitoes of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus species complex to species has always been time consuming and complex, involving genetic analysis and profiling. We characterized the wingbeat frequencies of the 3 species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex (An. quadrimaculatus, An. smaragdinus, and An. maverlius) that occur in Mississippi to determine if this character could successfully distinguish between individuals of the 3 species. Wingbeats of females varied from 320 to 480 beats/sec, but no significant differences in wingbeat frequencies were found among females from 3 populations of the 3 species. Wingbeats of males were higher than those of females (500-770 beats/sec), and the mean wingbeat frequency of An. maverlius was significantly different from the means of An. quadrimaculatus and An. smaragdinus, although overlap occurred at the individual level. Such overlap precludes use of wingbeat frequencies as an identification mechanism, and indicates that, at least for the An. quadrimaculatus complex, wingbeat frequencies are not involved in mate recognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9775, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Caprio
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Faver
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000502:physiology*