title: Genetic basis of congenital generalized lipodystrophy.
abstract: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by extreme lack of body fat and severe insulin resistance since birth. Recently, mutations have been reported in 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) and Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (BSCL2 or Seipin) genes in affected subjects from pedigrees linked to chromosomes 9q34 and 11q13, respectively. The AGPAT2 catalyses the acylation of the lysophosphatidic acid at the sn-2 position to form phosphatidic acid, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol and glycerophospholipids. High expression of AGPAT2 mRNA in adipose tissue compared to other isoforms suggests that the mutations might affect the adipose tissue the most. The function of BSCL2 remains unknown. Several CGL pedigrees reveal no mutation in either of the above genes and are not linked to these loci, suggesting additional genetic loci for CGL. Thus, several distinct mechanisms can lead to extreme lack of adipose tissue in humans and cause CGL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA. Anil.Agarwal@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D051103:1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000151:congenital* / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: C432679:BSCL2 protein, human; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits; D000217:Acyltransferases; D051103:1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase