title: Functional analysis of the interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev nuclear export signal with its cofactors.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev-mediated nuclear export of viral RNAs involves the interaction of its leucine-rich nuclear export sequence (NES) with nuclear cofactors. In yeast two-hybrid screens of a human lymph node derived cDNA expression library, we identified the human nucleoporin Nup98 as a highly specific and potent interactor of the Rev NES. Using an extensive panel of nuclear export positive and negative mutants of the functionally homologous NESs of the HIV-1 Rev, human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Rex, and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Rev proteins, physiologically significant interaction of hNup98 with the various NESs was demonstrated. Missense mutations in the yeast nuclear export factor Crm1p that abrogated Rev NES interaction with the XXFG repeat-containing nucleoporin, Rab/hRIP, had minimal effects on the interaction of GLFG repeat-containing hNup98. Functional analysis of Nup98 domains required for nuclear localization demonstrated that the entire ORF was required for efficient incorporation into the nuclear envelope. A putative nuclear localization signal was identified downstream of the GLFG repeat region. Whereas overexpression of both full-length Nup98 and the amino-terminal GLFG repeat region, but not the unique carboxy-terminal region, induced significant suppression of HIV unspliced RNA export, lower levels of exogenous Nup98 expression resulted in a relatively modest increase in unspliced RNA export. These results suggest a physiological role for hNup98 in modulating Rev-dependent RNA export during HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Virology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 3681 Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gettemeier
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015694:Gene Products, rev; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; C093350:nuclear pore complex protein 98; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus