title: Investigation of the complexation of metal-ions by strong ligands in fresh and marine water.
abstract: METHODS
  The detection and investigation of metal ions bound in strong complexes in natural waters is a difficult task, due to low concentration of the metal ions themselves, and also of the strong ligands, which, moreover, are often not of a well-defined composition. Here, a method is proposed for the investigation of the speciation of metal ions in natural waters.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It is based on the sorption of metal ions on strongly sorbing ion exchange resins, i.e. complexing resins. For this reason the method is called Resin Titration. It has been shown in previous investigations that the concentration of metal ion totally sorbed by a particular resin, and its reaction coefficient in the solution phase in the presence of the resin, can be determined from the sorption data using a simple relationship. Here, a data treatment (the Ruzic linearization method) is proposed for also determining the concentration of the ligands responsible for the complex in equilibrium with the resin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method was applied to data obtained by Resin Titration of a freshwater and a seawater. Copper(II) and aluminium(III) were considered, using Chelex 100 as a titrant, due to its strong sorbing properties towards these metal ions. The results were: the total metal concentration in equilibrium with the resin, the side reaction coefficients, and the concentration of ligands. In all these cases the ligands forming very strong complexes were found to be at concentration lower than that of the metals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ruzic linearization method allows the determination of the concentration of the ligands forming very strong complexes in equilibrium with Chelex 100. The reaction coefficient was better determined by the calculation method previously proposed for RT. The ligands responsible for the strong complexes were found to be at low concentration, often lower than that of the metal ions considered. The metal in the original sample is partly bound to these ligands, since the complexes are very strong. Only a part of the metal is linked to weaker ligands, or free.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. pesaven@unipv.it
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesavento
authors.forename: Raffaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biesuz
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Profumo
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soldi
mesh_terms: D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D007477:Ions; D008024:Ligands; D019216:Metals, Heavy