title: Jaundice due to extrabiliary gallstones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cholecystectomy is one of the most common general surgical procedures performed today. The laparoscopic approach is beneficial to patients in terms of length of stay, postoperative pain, return to work, and cosmesis. Some drawbacks are associated with the minimal access form of cholecystectomy, including an increased incidence of common bile duct injuries. In addition, when the gallbladder is inadvertently perforated during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, retrieval of dropped gallstones may be difficult. We present a case in which gallstones spilled during cholecystectomy, causing near circumferential, extraluminal common hepatic duct compression, and clinical jaundice 1 year later.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient experienced jaundice and pruritus 12 months after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A computed tomographic scan was interpreted as cholelithiasis, but otherwise was normal (despite a previous cholecystectomy). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed and a stent placed across a stenotic common hepatic duct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of brush biopsies were negative. The stent rapidly occluded and surgical intervention was undertaken. At exploratory laparotomy, an abscess cavity containing multiple gallstones was encountered. This abscess had encircled the common hepatic duct, causing compression and fibrosis. The stones were extracted and a hepaticojejunostomy was tailored. The patient's bilirubin level slowly decreased and she recovered without complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gallstones lost within the peritoneal cavity usually have no adverse sequela. Recently, however, numerous reports have surfaced describing untoward events. This case is certainly one to be included on the list. A surgeon should make every attempt to retrieve spilled gallstones due to the potential later complications described herein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Homero
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Cacchione
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: Jeff W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007565:Jaundice / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*