Toxicological evaluation of dry ice expanded tobacco.
A tiered testing strategy has been developed to evaluate the potential of tobacco processes, ingredients, or technological developments to change the biological activity resulting from burning tobacco. The strategy is based on comparative chemical and biological testing. Dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET) is an example of a common tobacco expansion process currently used in the manufacture of cigarettes to increase tobacco filling capacity. As part of the toxicological evaluation of DIET, test cigarettes containing DIET were compared with control cigarettes containing tobacco expanded with a traditional expansion agent (Freon-11, also known as trichlorofluoromethane). Testing included mainstream cigarette smoke chemistry studies, genotoxicity studies (Ames and sister chromatid exchange, SCE), a 13-week inhalation study in Sprague-Dawley rats, and a 30-week dermal tumor promotion study in SENCAR mice. Cigarettes containing DIET or Freon-11 expanded tobacco were similar in biological activity.
Research and Development, Bowman Gray Technical Center, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA. theopher@rjrt.com
Eugenia H
EH
Theophilus
Dale B
DB
Poindexter
Daniel R
DR
Meckley
Betsy R
BR
Bombick
Michael F
MF
Borgerding
Mark A
MA
Higuchi
Paul H
PH
Ayres
Michael J
MJ
Morton
Arnold T
AT
Mosberg
James E
JE
Swauger
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane; D006224:Cricetinae; D004367:Dry Ice; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018632:Mice, Inbred SENCAR; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000379:methods*; D062789:Tobacco Products
D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane; D004367:Dry Ice; D009538:Nicotine; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; C005848:trichlorofluoromethane