Preparation of porous scaffolds by using freeze-extraction and freeze-gelation methods.
Freeze-fixation and freeze-gelation methods are presented in this paper which can be used to prepare highly porous scaffolds without using the time and energy consuming freeze-drying process. The porous structure was generated during the freeze of a polymer solution, following which either the solvent was extracted by a non-solvent or the polymer was gelled under the freezing condition; thus, the porous structure would not be destructed during the subsequent drying stage. Compared with the freeze-drying method, the presented methods are time and energy-saving, with less residual solvent, and easier to be scaled up. Besides, the problem of formation of surface skin can be resolved and the limitation of using solvent with low boiling point can be lifted by the presented methods. With the freeze-extraction and freeze-gelation methods, porous PLLA, PLGA, chitosan and alginate scaffolds were successfully fabricated. In addition to the presentation of the morphologies of the fabricated scaffolds, preliminary data of cell culture on them are as well included in the present work.
Ho
Ming-Hua
MH
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University,Taipei 106, Taiwan. daming@ccms.ntu.edu.tw
Kuo
Pei-Yun
PY
Hsieh
Hsyue-Jen
HJ
Hsien
Tzu-Yang
TY
Hou
Lein-Tuan
LT
Lai
Juin-Yih
JY
Wang
Da-Ming
DM
D000464:Alginates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D005615:Freezing; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D002686:Chitin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan