Comparing genomic and histologic correlations to radiographic changes in tumors: a murine SCC VII model study.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the correlation between the temporal changes in T1- and T2-weighted contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histologic evaluation, and genomic analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays in a murine squamous cell carcinoma tumor models.


METHODS
The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII) cell line was used to initiate subcutaneous tumors in mice. This mouse model has been used as a model for human head and neck carcinomas. Animals were imaged using contrast enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). Different stages of tumor growth were defined based on changes in the T1- and T2-weighted MRI patterns. The contrast enhancing (CE) and nonenhancing (NE) regions of the tumors were marked and biopsied for oligonucleotide microarray and histologic analysis. Tumors with no differential contrast enhancement were used as controls.


RESULTS
Distinct temporal stages of tumor progression can be defined using both T1- and T2-weighted CE-MRI and microarray analysis. The early stage tumors show a homogeneous contrast enhancement pattern in the T1- and T2-weighted images with no significant differential gene expression from the center and periphery of the tumor. The more advanced tumors that show discrete regions of contrast enhancement in the post-contrast T1-weighted MRIs and tissues from the CE and NE regions show distinctly differential gene expression profiles. Histologic analysis (hematoxylin-eosin stain) showed that the samples obtained from the periphery and center of the early stage tumors and the CE and NE regions from these more advanced tumors were similar. The gene expression profiles of late-stage tumors that showed changes in T2-weighted MRI signal intensity were consistent with tissue degradation in the NE region, which also showed characteristic signs of tissue necrosis in histologic analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that temporal changes in T1- and T2-weighted CE-MRI are related to distinct gene expression profiles, and histologic analysis may not be sufficient to detect these detailed changes. As tumors progress, discrete regions of post-contrast T1 enhancement are identified; these regions have distinct gene expression patterns despite similar histologic features. In late-stage tumors, regions of T2 signal changes are observed which correspond with tissue necrosis.
Lucas MRS Research Center, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Yi-Shan
YS
Yang
Samira
S
Guccione
Mark D
MD
Bednarski
D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA