Urinary biomarkers of exposure to jet fuel (JP-8).
Benzene, naphthalene, and 1- and 2-naphthol were measured in urine samples obtained from 322 U.S. Air Force personnel categorized a priori as likely to have low, moderate, or high exposure to jet fuel [jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8)]. In postexposure samples, levels of these analytes in the high-exposure group were 3- to 29-fold greater than in the low-exposure group and 2- to 12-fold greater than in the moderate-exposure group. Heavy exposure to JP-8 contributed roughly the same amount of benzene and more than three times the amount of naphthalene compared with cigarette smoking. Strong correlations were observed among postexposure levels of naphthalene-based biomarkers in urine and naphthalene in air and breath. We conclude that urinary naphthalene and the naphthols can serve as biomarkers of exposure to jet fuel. Of these, the naphthols are probably more useful because of their greater abundance and slower elimination kinetics.
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Berrin
B
Serdar
Peter P
PP
Egeghy
Suramya
S
Waidyanatha
Roger
R
Gibson
Stephen M
SM
Rappaport
D000328:Adult; D000401:Aircraft; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000652:urine*; D009284:Naphthols / Q000652:urine*; D016273:Occupational Exposure
D015415:Biomarkers; D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009284:Naphthols; C031721:naphthalene; C029350:1-naphthol; D001554:Benzene; C028405:2-naphthol