Regulation of flowering time by histone acetylation in Arabidopsis.
The Arabidopsis autonomous floral-promotion pathway promotes flowering independently of the photoperiod and vernalization pathways by repressing FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a MADS-box transcription factor that blocks the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Here, we report that FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD), one of six genes in the autonomous pathway, encodes a plant homolog of a protein found in histone deacetylase complexes in mammals. Lesions in FLD result in hyperacetylation of histones in FLC chromatin, up-regulation of FLC expression, and extremely delayed flowering. Thus, the autonomous pathway regulates flowering in part by histone deacetylation. However, not all autonomous-pathway mutants exhibit FLC hyperacetylation, indicating that multiple means exist by which this pathway represses FLC expression.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Yuehui
Y
He
Scott D
SD
Michaels
Richard M
RM
Amasino
D000107:Acetylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; C418902:At5g10140 protein, Arabidopsis; D006657:Histones; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C479923:flowering locus D protein, Arabidopsis; D006655:Histone Deacetylases