Snoring in preschoolers: associations with sleepiness, ethnicity, and learning.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is associated with poor school performance, with minority children being at increased risk for both conditions. The latter have been attributable to low socio-economic status (SES). To further study these relationships, the contribution of SES to SDB and learning was examined in 1,010 validated questionnaires collected from parents of both white and African-American low-SES preschoolers. Twenty-two percent of disadvantaged preschoolers were reported to be at risk for SDB. These children were more likely to be African American, and had a higher incidence of daytime sleepiness, lower academic performance, and hyperactivity. Maternal education level did not account for these differences.
Montgomery-Downs
Hawley E
HE
Division of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Jones
V Faye
VF
Molfese
Victoria J
VJ
Gozal
David
D
D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D001741:Black or African American