Elderly norms for the Spot-the-Word test.
This study provides population-based normative data for healthy, community-dwelling American elderly on the Spot-the-Word test (STW). The effects of age, education, and gender on STW performance are also investigated. Given previously limited normative data for the elderly, the current norms expand the clinical utility of STW as an estimate of premorbid intelligence. Significant but small effects were found for age on STW performance. Significant and moderate effects were found for education. Therefore, normative adjustments are provided for education. Consistent with previous research, no effect was found for gender.
James A Haley VA Medical Center, 13000 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Timothy A
TA
Crowell
Rodney D
RD
Vanderploeg
Brent J
BJ
Small
Amy Borenstein
AB
Graves
James A
JA
Mortimer