Point and interval estimations of circadian melatonin ecphasia in Smith-Magenis syndrome.
An inferential statistical quantification of chronomes (time structures) in the range of everyday physiology has earlier revealed changes affecting the circadian amplitude of melatonin in the absence of changes in the chronome-adjusted mean value (MESOR) or in the acrophase. A chrono-meta-analysis of published data on patients with the Smith-Magenis syndrome herein quantifies the average extent of shift in the acrophase of the circadian melatonin rhythm, reported earlier by others time-macroscopically as an antiphase. Time-microscopically, the phase shift averages 9.6 +/- 0.9 h. Circadian melatonin ecphasia complements blood pressure ecphasia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, associated with autonomic dysfunction. The shift in phase of the peak melatonin secretion from the night into the day, associated with specific genetic findings, raises basic questions concerning the designation of melatonin as a hormone associated with darkness. Whether a resetting of the circadian acrophase beyond providing melatonin for sleep improvement can provide benefit remains to be investigated.
Halberg Chronobiology Center, MMC 8609, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. corne001@umn.edu
Germaine
G
Cornélissen
Franz
F
Halberg
Roberto
R
Tarquini
Federico
F
Perfetto
Roberto
R
Salti
Giacomo
G
Laffi
Kuniaki
K
Otsuka
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors
C054513:6-sulfatoxymelatonin; D008550:Melatonin