Hypothalamic-mediated model for systemic lupus erythematosis: relation to hemispheric chemical dominance.
The isoprenoid pathway including endogenous digoxin was assessed in systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). All the patients with SLE were right-handed/left hemispheric dominant by the dichotic listening test. This was also studied for comparison in patients with right hemispheric and left hemispheric dominance. The isoprenoid pathway was upregulated with increased digoxin synthesis in patients with SLE and in those with right hemispheric dominance. In this group of patients (i) the tryptophan catabolites were increased and the tyrosine catabolites reduced, (ii) the dolichol and glycoconjugate levels were elevated, (iii) lysosomal stability was reduced, (iv) ubiquinone levels were low and free radical levels increased, and (v) the membrane cholesterol:phospholipid ratios were increased and membrane glycoconjugates reduced. On the other hand, in patients with left hemispheric dominance the reverse patterns were obtained. The biochemical patterns obtained in SLE is similar to those obtained in left-handed/right hemispheric chemically dominant individuals. But all the patients with SLE were right-handed/left hemispheric dominant by the dichotic listening test. Hemispheric chemical dominance has no correlation with handedness or the dichotic listening test. SLE occurs in right hemispheric chemically dominant individuals, and is a reflection of altered brain function. The role of the isoprenoid pathway in the pathogenesis of SLE and its relation to hemispheric dominance is discussed.
Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Ravi Kumar
RK
Kurup
Parameswara Achutha
PA
Kurup
D004007:Dichotic Listening Tests; D004077:Digoxin / Q000097:blood; D004286:Dolichols / Q000097:blood; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000097:blood; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000097:blood; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000097:blood
D004286:Dolichols; D005609:Free Radicals; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014443:Tyrosine; D004077:Digoxin; D014364:Tryptophan; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase