Plasma interleukin-12 in malaria-tolerant papua new guineans: inverse correlation with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and peripheral blood mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase activity.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been inversely associated with disease severity in human and murine malaria, and a polymorphism in the IL-12 p40 subunit gene (IL12B) has been associated with susceptibility to human cerebral malaria and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. To better define the relationships between IL-12, NO, malaria parasitemia, and IL12B polymorphisms during malarial tolerance, plasma IL-12 levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell NO synthase (NOS) activity were measured in asymptomatic Papua New Guineans exposed to intense malaria transmission. The IL-12 level was strongly inversely correlated with the density of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia (rho = -0.45; P < 0.001) and was predicted to decrease by 19% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10 to 27%) for each twofold increase in P. falciparum parasitemia. This is consistent with a suppressive effect of parasitemia on IL-12 production, an effect previously shown in vitro and in rodent models of disease. The IL-12 level was inversely correlated with NOS activity (r = -0.22; P = 0.007), with each twofold increase in NOS activity being predictive of a 25% (95% CI, 7 to 38%) decrease in plasma IL-12 levels. This probably reflects additional down-regulation of IL-12 by the high basal NO production and monocyte NOS expression found in the malaria-tolerant state. Neither the IL-12 level nor NOS activity was associated with either of two IL12B polymorphisms, reflecting the diversity of genetic control over immune responses in different populations.
International Health Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Menzies School of Health Research, Northern Territory University, Flinders University Northern Territory Clinical School, Darwin, Australia.
Craig S
CS
Boutlis
Moses
M
Lagog
Sujittra
S
Chaisavaneeyakorn
Mary A
MA
Misukonis
Moses J
MJ
Bockarie
Charles S
CS
Mgone
Zhiqiang
Z
Wang
Grant
G
Morahan
J Brice
JB
Weinberg
Venkatachalam
V
Udhayakumar
Nicholas M
NM
Anstey
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000097:blood*; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase