In vitro antioxidant properties of morphine.
Morphine is implicated in diverse functions, from development to immune modulation in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has also been used extensively in the clinical management of pain due to its potent analgesic effect. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of morphine using different antioxidant tests, including total antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. Morphine exhibited strong total antioxidant activity. The concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 microgml(-1) of morphine showed 79.1, 84.3 and 92.3% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, at 75 microgml(-1) concentration of standard antioxidant, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and alpha-tocopherol, exhibited 88.7, 94.5 and 70.4% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, morphine had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities at the same concentrations (25, 50 and 75 microgml(-1)). These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol.
Gülçin
Ilhami
I
Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey. igulcin@atauni.edu.tr
Beydemir
Sükrü
S
Alici
H Ahmet
HA
Elmastaş
Mahfuz
M
Büyükokuroğlu
M Emin
ME
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005297:Ferrozine / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009020:Morphine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019163:Reducing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D019163:Reducing Agents; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; D005297:Ferrozine; D009020:Morphine; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol