Efficient extrapolation of the view with a dynamic and predictive stimulus.
In the real-world, the retinal projection of an object changes as we move, or as a moving object passes in front of us. We have to recognise objects, despite such retinal-projection changes. Many studies have shown that the time required to identify objects after a change in the retinal projection is longer than when there is no retinal-projection change. This recognition cost is referred to as the view-dependent effect. Previous researchers have studied the view-dependent effect while disregarding the predictability of retinal-projection changes. Here, we demonstrate that there is no view-dependent effect when the predictability is introduced, in the case where participants track moving objects by head-turning or eye-movement in a virtual environment. Violation of the predictability, such as an unpredictable retinal-projection change or a movement of the first stimulus that was inconsistent with a subsequent retinal-projection change, caused a view-dependent effect. Moreover, we found that extraretinal information such as head-turning or eye-movement was unnecessary for view-independent recognition. These results indicate that humans can extrapolate to the tested view from the studied view in a view-independent way when retinal-projection change is predictable from the visual stimulus.
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. h-mits@nifty.com
Hidemichi
H
Mitsumatsu
Kazuhiko
K
Yokosawa
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D009039:Motion Perception; D009068:Movement; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*