Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 is correlated with poor prognostic variables in patients with thymic epithelial tumors.
BACKGROUND
A distinction between noninvasive, invasive, and metastatic thymoma on the basis of the cytologic features is difficult. The current study investigated whether the expression of MMP and TIMP was correlated with tumor invasiveness and prognosis in patients with thymoma.


METHODS
Tumor tissue samples were obtained from 42 patients with thymic epithelial tumors between 1974 and 2001 at Tokushima University Hospital. Three-micrometer-thick, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were immunostained using specific antibodies against MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2.


RESULTS
MMP-2 expression was detected in 30 tumors (71%), and TIMP-2 expression was detected in 31 tumors (74%). MMP-9 expression was detected in 22 of 36 tumors (61%), and TIMP-1 expression was detected in only 7 tumors (19%). MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression levels were very low (10% and 0%, respectively) in noninvasive tumors but were very high (91% and 97%, respectively) in invasive tumors. In thymic epithelial tumors, the more progressive the clinical stage of tumor, the higher the strongly positive rate of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression. There was no correlation between positivity for MMP-9 and stage. Twenty-five percent of Type AB thymomas and 50% of Type B1 thymomas expressed MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Most of Type A, Type B2, Type B3, and Type C thymomas expressed MMP-2 and TIMP-2. There were significant differences in disease-free survival at 5 years between patients without and with MMP-2 expression (91% vs. 55%, respectively) and patients without and with TIMP-2 expression (100% vs. 53%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
MMP-2 and TIMP-2 are key enzymes for invasiveness of thymic epithelial tumors. The expression of these proteins can predict a poor outcome in patients with thymoma.
Sogawa
Ken-Ichi
K
Department of Oncological and Regenerative Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
Kondo
Kazuya
K
Fujino
Haruhiko
H
Takahashi
Yuji
Y
Miyoshi
Takanori
T
Sakiyama
Shoji
S
Mukai
Kiyoshi
K
Monden
Yasumasa
Y
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D013945:Thymoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9