Propofol in status epilepticus: little evidence, many dangers?
BACKGROUND
Several guidelines recommend the use of propofol for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. An increased mortality rate in high dose, long-term treatment with propofol in adult patients was published recently. This prompted us to assess the literature on the scientific evidence for the efficacy and safety of propofol in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus.


METHODS
Medline was searched and the three authors independently reviewed all Medline abstracts for selection of papers.


RESULTS
We included 22 articles with original data on the use of propofol in refractory status epilepticus. Randomised clinical trials were lacking. Two non-randomised studies compared propofol with barbiturates and midazolam respectively. Both studies reported a higher risk of mortality for propofol. In addition, case reports and case series on the use of propofol as anaesthetic or sedative in children and adults reported several lethal cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Serious doubts may be raised on the safety of propofol in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. The two non-randomised studies and several case reports show an increased risk of mortality. Guidelines should not recommend the use of propofol as a routine treatment in refractory status epilepticus before a proper randomised trial has been performed.
Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Dept. of Neurology, Section Epilepsy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jikke-Mien F
JM
Niermeijer
Cuno S P M
CS
Uiterwaal
Cees A
CA
Van Donselaar
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009026:Mortality; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015742:Propofol