Electrical stimulation of spinal fusion: a scientific and clinical update.
BACKGROUND
For over two decades, a number of electrical stimulation devices have achieved increasing acceptance as adjuncts to lumbar spinal fusion. Direct current electrical stimulation, pulsed electromagnetic fields and more recently capacitive coupling have been shown to have varying effectiveness when used to increase the success of lumbar spinal fusion.


OBJECTIVE
The various electrical stimulation devices will be reviewed with respect to the available basic science evidence validating their use as spinal fusion adjuncts, as well as a review of the current clinical data available to allow not only a discussion of their overall clinical applicability, but more specifically their use in specific spinal disorders and spinal fusion techniques.


METHODS
The existing peer-reviewed scientific literature will be used to ascertain the scientific and clinical efficacy of electrical stimulation to enhance lumbar spinal fusion.


CONCLUSIONS
Electrical stimulation devices have emerged as valid adjuncts to attaining a solid lumbar spinal fusion. However, not all stimulators are equally scientifically effective nor are they equally effective clinically in achieving increased fusion success.
Kahanovitz
Neil
N
Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 E. 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA. nkspinemd@aol.com
D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D013123:Spinal Fusion