Psychophysiological stress in high school teachers.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to follow psychophysiological stress over a year with four repeated measurements in full-time employed high school teachers and to compare their results with those obtained in the part-time retired teachers, gardeners and rescue workers.


METHODS
The subjects consisted of 17 (10 females, 7 males) full-time and 9 part-time employed teachers (7 females and 2 males) in three high schools, 12 female gardeners and 13 male rescue workers. The data on job conditions, well-being, and psychosomatic symptoms were obtained by a questionnaire. The perceived stress was recorded using a visual analogue scale. The neuroendocrine reactivity was assessed by determining the diurnal urine excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Electromyography of the trapezius muscle was recorded during working days in all subjects and in full-time teachers on one day in the holiday season. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in the morning and in the afternoon.


RESULTS
Psychophysiological stress in the full-time employed teachers was at similar levels on all three working days in December, March and November. Recovery from psychophysiological stress of working period was observed on summer holidays. Blood pressure, static muscle tension, perceived strain, psychosomatic symptoms and epinephrine level decreased significantly during the summer holidays as compared to the working days. The full-time employed teachers reported more perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms than the part-time retired teachers or gardeners and rescue workers. Also static muscle activity was higher in full-time teachers than in rescue workers on the working days.


CONCLUSIONS
More emphasis should be given to prevent psychophysiolocigal stress among teachers as well as to develop stress coping methods, and part-time working systems to facilitate work ability of aging teachers.
Ritvanen
Tiina
T
Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. tiina.ritvanen@uku.fi
Louhevaara
Veikko
V
Helin
Pertri
P
Halonen
Toivo
T
Hänninen
Osmo
O
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching
D002395:Catecholamines