Snoring in preschoolers: associations with sleepiness, ethnicity, and learning.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is associated with poor school performance, with minority children being at increased risk for both conditions. The latter have been attributable to low socio-economic status (SES). To further study these relationships, the contribution of SES to SDB and learning was examined in 1,010 validated questionnaires collected from parents of both white and African-American low-SES preschoolers. Twenty-two percent of disadvantaged preschoolers were reported to be at risk for SDB. These children were more likely to be African American, and had a higher incidence of daytime sleepiness, lower academic performance, and hyperactivity. Maternal education level did not account for these differences.
Division of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Hawley E
HE
Montgomery-Downs
V Faye
VF
Jones
Victoria J
VJ
Molfese
David
D
Gozal
D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D001741:Black or African American