Effect of the fragile X status categories and the fragile X mental retardation protein levels on executive functioning in males and females with fragile X.
The effects of a fragile X disorder on executive function impairment were assessed in 144 extended families, which included individuals with fragile X premutation and full mutation and their relatives without fragile X. A modification of the maximum-likelihood estimators for pedigree data, as well as ordinal logistic regression, were used in data analysis. The most outstanding deficit, occurring especially in males, involved impaired capacity to use an intention to regulate purposeful behavior. This deficit occurred independently of general cognitive impairment but was related to depletion of fragile X mental retardation 1 gene protein product. The other executive function deficits were accounted for by the general cognitive impairment. Possible mechanisms of the effect of fragile X premutation on impairments of executive functioning are considered.
Loesch
Danuta Z
DZ
School of Psychological Science.
Bui
Quang M
QM
School of Mathematics and Statistics.
Grigsby
Jim
J
Dept of Medicine (Geriatrics).
Butler
Emma
E
School of Psychological Science.
Epstein
Jennifer
J
Children's Hospital.
Huggins
Richard M
RM
School of Mathematics and Statistics.
Taylor
Annette K
AK
Kimball Genetics, Inc.
Hagerman
Randi J
RJ
M.I.N.D. Institute.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
D004247:DNA; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C497683:FMR1 protein, human