Hypertension and adrenal disorders.
Adrenal disorders causing hypertension can be related to the dysfunction of either the adrenal cortex or the adrenal medulla. These disorders, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), owing to 11B-hydroxylase deficiency and to 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency; apparent mineralocorticoid excess; familial hyperaldosteronism type I; primary aldosteronism; Cushing's syndrome; and familial glucocorticoid resistance, primarily affect the adrenal cortex and cause low-renin hypertension. The classic disorder of the adrenal medulla resulting in hypertension is pheochromocytoma, although hypertension in obesity might also be associated with catecholamine secretion. In this review, we discuss these etiologies and the most recent advances in our knowledge of their pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Chemaitilly
Wassim
W
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Pediatric Endocrinology, Room M-630, Box 103, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Wilson
Robert C
RC
New
Maria I
MI
D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000172:deficiency; D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D043204:Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome, Apparent / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase / Q000502:physiology; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000502:physiology
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase