Ethanol attenuates ischemic and hypoxic injury in rat brain and cultured neurons.
Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in ischemic injury and oxidative stress induces apoptosis and triggers inflammation in neural cells. The effect of ethanol on ischemic brain injury was examined. Ethanol attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain infarction and elevation of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, metalloproteinase-9, and neutrophil-associated myeloperoxidase activities. In cultured neurons, ethanol suppressed combined oxygen and glucose deprivation (COGD)/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, ethanol suppressed COGD/reoxygenation-induced activation of NF-kappaB, a free-radical-sensitive regulator, leading to the attenuation of TNF-alpha expression in glial cultures. We propose that scavenging of free radicals and attenuation of free-radical-induced alterations might account for ethanol's beneficial action against ischemic brain injury.
Liao
Su-Lan
SL
Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 160, Sec. 3, Taichung-Gang Rd, Taichung 407, Taiwan, PR China.
Chen
Wen-Yin
WY
Raung
Shue-Ling
SL
Chen
Chun-Jung
CJ
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000431:Ethanol