Structural requirements for nuclear localization of GCMa/Gcm-1.
GCM proteins constitute a small transcription factor family. Nuclear localization of Drosophila GCM is mediated by a typical bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) close to the DNA-binding GCM domain. Here, we have analyzed nuclear localization of the mammalian GCM proteins. Whereas GCMb/Gcm-2 contained a classical bipartite NLS, nuclear localization of GCMa/Gcm-1 was mediated by two regions without resemblance to known NLS, one corresponding to the amino-terminal part of the GCM domain, the second defined as a tyrosine-and-proline-rich carboxy-terminal region. Nuclear import was counteracted by an amino-terminal nuclear export activity. This complex regulation of subcellular localization has important implications for GCMa/Gcm-1 function.
Institut für Biochemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. sh@biochem.uni-erlangen.de
Said
S
Hashemolhosseini
Karin
K
Kilian
Elena
E
Kardash
Peter
P
Lischka
Thomas
T
Stamminger
Michael
M
Wegner
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005696:Galactosidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test / Q000379:methods; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D005696:Galactosidases