Regional hypothermia reduces mucosal NF-kappaB and PMN priming via gut lymph during canine mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion.
BACKGROUND
Mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) activates pro-inflammatory mediators that exacerbate gut reperfusion injury and prime circulating neutrophils that cause remote organ injury. We have shown that regional intraischemic hypothermia protects the intestinal mucosa during I/R in rats. In this study, we examined the effects of regional hypothermia on I/R-induced transvascular protein clearance, NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming via gut lymph in a canine mesenteric lymphatic fistula model.


METHODS
Conditioned dogs underwent 60 min of mesenteric ischemia, with or without regional intraischemic hypothermia, and 3 h reperfusion. A mesenteric lymphatic fistula model was used to measure transvascular protein clearance and harvest lymph. Biopsies of distal ileum were obtained at baseline and 0, 180 min of reperfusion for NF-kappaB DNA binding activity using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). A kinetic spectrophotometric assay was used to determine fMLP stimulated PMN superoxide production after priming by gut lymph obtained at baseline and 180 min reperfusion.


RESULTS
Transvascular protein clearance increased during reperfusion compared to baseline, and hypothermia had no significant effect on this I/R-induced protein clearance. NF-kappaB activity increased three-fold at the end of ischemia and hypothermia prevented this early activation. PMN superoxide production increased 19-fold during I/R (0.06 +/- 0.04 versus 1.14 +/- 0.50 nmol O(2), P < 0.05), but only 2.5-fold during I/R + hypothermia (0.28 +/- 0.09 versus 0.70 +/- 0.32 nmol O(2), P = 0.2).


CONCLUSIONS
Regional intraischemic hypothermia prevented early intestinal NF-kappaB activation, partially abrogated PMN priming via gut lymph, but had no significant effect on increased transvascular protein clearance during mesenteric I/R in dogs.
Hassoun
Heitham T
HT
Department of Surgery, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Heitham.Hassoun@uth.tmc.edu
Fischer
Uwe M
UM
Attuwaybi
Bashir O
BO
Moore
Frederick A
FA
Safi
Hazim J
HJ
Allen
Steven J
SJ
Cox
Charles S
CS
D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002445:Celiac Artery; D003250:Constriction; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007511:Ischemia; D008196:Lymph / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior; D008643:Mesentery / Q000098:blood supply*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015424:Reperfusion; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
D016328:NF-kappa B; D011506:Proteins; D013481:Superoxides; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D004247:DNA