Common forms of childhood exotropia.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the most common forms of childhood exotropia.


METHODS
Retrospective, consecutive, observational case series.


METHODS
All exotropic children (with >/=10 prism diopters) younger than 19 years from a predominantly rural Appalachian region evaluated from August 1, 1995 through July 31, 2001.


METHODS
Demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients.


METHODS
The relative proportion of the various forms of childhood exotropia.


RESULTS
Two hundred thirty-five consecutive children without prior surgical treatment were evaluated for exotropia. Of the 235 study children, the specific forms of exotropia diagnosed and numbers were as follows: intermittent exotropia, 112 (47.7%); exotropia associated with congenital or acquired abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS), 50 (21.3%); convergence insufficiency, 27 (11.5%); sensory exotropia, 24 (10.2%); paralytic exotropia, 5 (2.1%); congenital exotropia, 4 (1.7%); neonatal exotropia that resolved after 4 months of age, 3 (1.3%), whereas the remaining 10 (4.3%) had an undetermined form of exodeviation.


CONCLUSIONS
Intermittent exotropia was the most common form of divergent strabismus in this population. Exotropia associated with an abnormal CNS, convergence insufficiency, and sensory exotropia were also relatively common, whereas the congenital, paralytic, and late-resolving neonatal forms were uncommon.
Mohney
Brian G
BG
Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. mahoney@mayo.edu
Huffaker
Roland Keith
RK
D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005099:Exotropia / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology