Epidural versus intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia after Caesarean section.
BACKGROUND
Perispinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section allows injection of epidural (ED) or intrathecal (i.t.) morphine to provide long-lasting postoperative analgesia. To compare these two routes, a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study of 53 patients undergoing elective Caesarean section was performed.


METHODS
Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia with 6 mg of i.t. hyperbaric bupivacaine plus sufentanil 5 microg, and additional ED lidocaine was used. Additionally, each patient received either 2 mg (2 ml) of ED morphine plus 1 ml of i.t. normal saline (ED group, n=28), or 0.075 mg (1 ml) of i.t. morphine plus 2 ml of ED normal saline (i.t. group, n=25). Additional postoperative analgesia was given in the form of propacetamol and ketoprofen, plus self-administered i.v. morphine.


RESULTS
No major respiratory depression occurred. Time to first demand of morphine was similar in the ED (307.5 min) and i.t. (310 min) groups, as was the incidence of side-effects such as sedation, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. During the first 24 postoperative hours, VAS pain scores were greater in the i.t. group (P=0.032), as was additional morphine consumption (4 vs 1.5 mg) (P=0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
The ED protocol was more effective than the i.t. protocol, whilst side-effects were similar.
Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Rue Montalembert, BP69, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand 1, France. cduale@chu-clermontferrand.fr
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Dualé
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Frey
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Bolandard
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Barrière
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Schoeffler
D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine