Survey of chloropropanols in soy sauces and related products.
A survey of soy sauces and related products available in the USA was conducted to determine the levels of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) in these products. Fifty-five retail samples were purchased and analysed for 3-MCPD. 3-MCPD determinations were made according to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method validated by a collaborative trial. Eighty-five per cent of the samples analysed contained greater than the detection limit of 0.005 ppm (microg g(-1)) for 3-MCPD. Thirty-three per cent contained greater than 1 ppm; the highest level was 876 ppm 3-MCPD. Thirty-nine of the samples analysed for 3-MCPD also were analysed for 1,3-DCP by using a modified method developed and validated in-house. Fifty-six per cent of the samples analysed for 1,3-DCP contained greater than the detection limit of 0.055 ppb (ng g(-1)) for 1,3-DCP; the highest level was 9.8 ppm 1,3-DCP. Products manufactured in Asia contained the highest chloropropanol levels.
US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. pnyman@cfsan.fda.gov
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D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D003212:Condiments / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*
D002273:Carcinogens; C033489:1,3-dichloro-2-propanol; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin