Evaluation of rapid ischemic preconditioning in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia.
BACKGROUND
Rapid ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to reduce cellular injury after subsequent cardiac and cerebral ischemia. However, the data on rapid IPC of the spinal cord is limited. The authors investigated whether pretreatment with sublethal ischemia of spinal cord can attenuate neuronal injury after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.


METHODS
Forty-seven male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 15 or 16 each). In the IPC(-) group, the infrarenal aorta was occluded for 17 min to produce spinal cord ischemia. In the IPC(+) group, 5 min of aortic occlusion was performed 30 min before 17 min of spinal cord ischemia. In the sham group, the aorta was not occluded. Hind limb motor function was assessed at 3 h, 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days after reperfusion using Tarlov scoring (0 = paraplegia; 4 = normal). Animals were killed for histopathologic evaluation at 24 h or 7 days after reperfusion. The number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord (L4-L6) was counted.


RESULTS
Neurologic scores were significantly higher in the IPC(+) group than the IPC(-) group at 3 and 24 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). However, neurologic scores in the IPC(+) group gradually decreased and became similar to those in the IPC(-) group at 4 and 7 days after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, the numbers of normal neurons were significantly higher in the IPC (+) group than in the IPC(-) group (P < 0.05) and were similar between the IPC(+) and sham groups. At 7 days after reperfusion, there was no difference in the number of normal neurons between the IPC(+) and IPC(-) groups.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that rapid IPC protects the spinal cord against neuronal damage 24 h but not 7 days after reperfusion in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia, suggesting that the efficacy of rapid IPC may be transient.
Kakimoto
Meiko
M
Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
Kawaguchi
Masahiko
M
Sakamoto
Takanori
T
Inoue
Satoki
S
Furuya
Hitoshi
H
Nakamura
Mitsutoshi
M
Konishi
Noboru
N
D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*