Triggered, navigated, multi-baseline method for proton resonance frequency temperature mapping with respiratory motion.
A technique is presented for the acquisition of temperature maps in the presence of variable respiratory motion using the proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift. The technique uses respiratory triggering, diaphragm position determination with a navigator echo, and the collection of multiple baseline images to generate temperature maps. Laser ablations were performed in an ex vivo liver phantom undergoing variable simulated respiratory motion and in vivo in four porcine livers, demonstrating a reduction of artifacts in the computed temperature maps compared with conventional single baseline techniques, both uncorrected and corrected for motion.
Vigen
Karl K
KK
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. kvigen@stanford.edu
Daniel
Bruce L
BL
Pauly
John M
JM
Butts
Kim
K
D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D001831:Body Temperature; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012119:Respiration; D013552:Swine