Subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon alfa administration in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: final results of SCAPP III, a large, multicenter, phase II, nonrandomized study with sequential analysis design--the Subcutaneous Administration Propeukin Program Cooperative Group.
OBJECTIVE
This outpatient multicenter trial tested the hypothesis that subcutaneous administration of an interleukin-2 (IL-2)/interferon alfa (IFN alpha) combination produces a response rate greater than 20% in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).


METHODS
Patients with metastatic RCC received a 12-week induction treatment with subcutaneous IL-2 (5 days/wk, 9 and 18 million U/d)/IFN alpha (3 days/wk, 6 million U/d). After evaluation, patients with objective response or stable disease were randomly assigned to maintenance treatment or short consolidation treatment.


RESULTS
Lack of benefit was shown at the 12th sequential analysis, and the trial was closed. At the end of the induction period, 26 (21%) of 122 patients had objective responses (including six complete responses). Thirty-three patients (27%) developed severe toxicity requiring dose reductions, delayed treatment, or treatment termination. Survival rates at one, two, and four years were 63%, 38%, and 17%, respectively. Three-year survival was 20% in patients with two poor prognosis factors and 37% in patients with one or no poor prognosis factors (P =.016). Three-year survival was significantly better (P < 10-3) in patients with erythrocyte sedimentation rate less than 35 mm (43%) compared with those with 1-hour sedimentation rate greater than 35 mm (19%).


CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms the importance of prognostic factors when initiating cytokine immunotherapy in patients with metastatic RCC and underlines the prognostic value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate before treatment initiation. Nonetheless, this subcutaneous IL-2/IFN alpha combination does not improve response rate or survival compared with subcutaneous IL-2 alone, although a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn in the absence of a randomized study comparing the two treatments.
Tourani
Jean-Marc
JM
Service d'Oncologie Médicale and Unité de Biostatistique, Fédération de Cancérologie et d'Hématologie, Hôpital J Bernard, Poitiers, France. jm.tourani@chu-poitiers.fr
Pfister
Christian
C
Tubiana
Nicole
N
Ouldkaci
Mahmoud
M
Prevot
Gilles
G
Lucas
Virginie
V
Oudard
Stéphane
S
Malet
Maxime
M
Cottu
Paul
P
Ferrero
Jean-Marc
JM
Mayeur
Didier
D
Rixe
Olivier
O
Sun
Xu-Shan
XS
Bernard
Olivier
O
Andre
Thierry
T
Tournigand
Christophe
C
Muracciole
Xavier
X
Guilhot
Joelle
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2