Is grip strength a useful single marker of frailty?
BACKGROUND
chronological age is widely used as a marker of frailty in clinical practice. However there can be wide variation in frailty between individuals of a similar age. Grip strength is a powerful predictor of disability, morbidity and mortality which has been used in a number of frailty scores but not as a single marker of frailty.


OBJECTIVE
to investigate the potential of grip strength as a single marker of frailty in older people of similar chronological age.


METHODS
cross-sectional study with prospective collection of mortality data.


METHODS
North Hertfordshire, UK.


METHODS
717 men and women, aged 64-74, born and still living in North Hertfordshire, who took part in a previous study to investigate the relationship between size at birth and ageing processes in later life.


METHODS
the number of significant associations between grip strength and the ageing markers was compared with numbers between chronological age and the ageing markers.


RESULTS
in men, lower grip strength correlated significantly with ten ageing markers compared to chronological age which was significantly associated with seven. In women, there were six significant relationships for grip compared to three for age. The greater number of relationships between grip strength and ageing markers was not explained by the association between grip strength and age, and remained after adjustment for adult size.


CONCLUSIONS
grip strength was associated with more markers of frailty than chronological age within the narrow age range studied. Grip strength may prove a more useful single marker of frailty for older people of similar age than chronological age alone. Its validity in a clinical setting needs to be tested.
Syddall
Holly
H
MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Cooper
Cyrus
C
Martin
Finbarr
F
Briggs
Roger
R
Aihie Sayer
Avan
A
D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis