Postoperative pain control in children: a guide to drug choice.
Postoperative pain in children can usually be well controlled with a combination of analgesics, including acetaminophen (paracetamol), NSAIDs, opioids, and local/regional anesthesia. Recent research has shown that the dosage of acetaminophen required to provide analgesia is higher than the traditional dosages used for the regulation of elevated body temperature. Rectal administration of acetaminophen gives a lower and more variable bioavailability compared with oral administration. There is growing experience with the use of NSAIDs in children and several studies have demonstrated the relatively strong analgesic potential of these drugs. Titration of opioids to analgesic effect, and the use of nurse- and patient-controlled continuous opioid infusions in children have gained widespread use and, with proper education and supervision, are considered excellent methods of pain control. Local peripheral and central blocks decrease the need for anesthetics during surgery and provide effective postoperative pain relief.
Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. eva.kokinsky@vgregion.se
Eva
E
Kokinsky
Eva
E
Thornberg
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013548:Sweden
D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local