A new method for cerclage wire fixation to maximal pre-tension with minimal elongation to failure.
OBJECTIVE
To develop and test a new cerclage wire tightening technique, yielding reproducibly maximal pre-tension, load to failure and minimal elongation to failure of the wire junction.


METHODS
Laboratory bench study.


BACKGROUND
Cerclage wire fixation is difficult to perform by hand with reproducible quality and tightening tension, which are required for optimal performance.


METHODS
With the new technique, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 mm steel wires were passed through a 9 x 18 mm steel tube, grasped using a modified ASIF wire-tightener and tightened by twisting until spontaneous failure of the wires in the tube. These fixations were compared to wires pre-tightened by hand to controlled high or low pre-tension using the simple twist, the knot twist and twist secured against untwisting, loaded to failure on a testing machine. The tests assessed pre-tension, ultimate failure load and elongation to failure.


RESULTS
Wire twists performed with the new technique were always perfectly symmetrical and may be tightened to maximal pre-tension without weakening of the wire. The twist secured against untwisting combined high stiffness with high failure load. The knot twist elongates to an unacceptable degree, unlike the secured twist. The simple twist untwists under little tension.


CONCLUSIONS
The new technique allows to obtain maximal pre-tension and thus minimal elongation to failure of simple wire twists, without having to worry about breaking the wire at the base of the twist due to over-tightening.


CONCLUSIONS
Cerclage wire fixation is an effective and cheap method to perform osteosynthesis. For adequate performance, maximal pre-tension, symmetrical twisting and high load to failure are necessary. The here presented technique combines all of these pre-requisites in a simple fashion.
Meyer
Dominik C
DC
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Balgrist, Forchstr. 340, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland. dmeyer@balgrist.unizh.ch
Ramseier
Leo E
LE
Lajtai
Georg
G
Nötzli
Hubert
H
D001864:Bone Wires; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength