Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibits tumor growth in a mouse melanoma model by down-regulating the plasminogen activation system.
The degradation of basement membranes by tumor cells involves secretion and activation of proteinases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the plasminogen activation system (uPA, tPA, PAI-1), and results from an imbalance between their inhibitors and activators, controlled by various growth factors or cytokines. Among them, the TGF-beta family is one of the most intriguing because it has been reported either to decrease or promote cancer progression. In the present paper, we studied the effect of TGF-beta1 in a mouse melanoma model. In vivo, TGF-beta1 inhibited tumor growth after subcutaneous injection of B16F1 cells in syngenic mice. In vitro, TGF-beta1 did not alter B16F1 cell proliferation, but strongly decreased their migration through Matrigel-coated membranes. The protease production was analyzed by zymography, Western blot, or RT-PCR. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression were not altered by TGF-beta1. In contrast, TGF-beta1 triggered a large decrease of uPA and tPA, as well as a decrease of uPA and uPAR mRNAs. By Western blot and RT-PCR analyses, TGF-beta1 was shown to induce a strong increase of PAI-1 synthesis. Collectively, these results suggest that TGF-beta1 may inhibit melanoma tumor growth by specifically decreasing plasmin activity of tumor cells and play a protective role during the earliest stages of tumor progression.
Ramont
Laurent
L
Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNRS FRE 2534, IFR 53 Biomolecules, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, F51095, REIMS Cedex, France.
Pasco
Sylvie
S
Hornebeck
William
W
Maquart
François-Xavier
FX
Monboisse
Jean Claude
JC
D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases