Pharmacotherapy of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms are the most responsive of all solid tumours to chemotherapy leading to an overall cure rate of > 90%. Non-metastatic disease (FIGO Stage I) and low-risk metastatic disease (FIGO Stages II and III; WHO score < 7) can be treated with single-agent methotrexate or actinomycin D protocols resulting in a survival rate approaching 100%. Metastatic high-risk disease (FIGO Stage IV or WHO score > 7) should be treated with initial intensive multimodality therapy with combination chemotherapy, consisting of etoposide, high-dose methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO) and adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery when indicated. Despite this aggressive approach, approximately 30% of patients with high-risk disease will fail initial therapy or relapse from remission. Salvage chemotherapy with drug regimens containing platinum agents and etoposide, usually in conjunction with bleomycin or ifosfamide, as well as surgical resection of sites of resistant disease, will ultimately result in a survival rate of 80 - 90% for metastatic high-risk disease.
John I Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 333 E. Superior Street, Suite 420, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. jlurain@nmh.org
John R
JR
Lurain
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D031901:Gestational Trophoblastic Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents