The effect of sulphurous air pollutant exposures on symptoms, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide, and nasal epithelial lining fluid antioxidant concentrations in normal and asthmatic adults.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effects in normal and asthmatic adults of exposure to 200 ppb sulphur dioxide (SO2) and 200 microg/m3 and 2000 microg/m3 aerosols of ammonium bisulphate (AB) and sulphuric acid (SA) (MMD 0.3 microm).


METHODS
Exposures were placebo controlled, for one hour at rest, double blind in random order. DeltaFEV1 was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included symptoms, ventilation, exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and nasal lavage fluid ascorbic (AA) and uric acid (UA) concentrations.


RESULTS
There were no significant changes in spirometry or symptoms with any exposure in either group. SO2 exposure was associated with an increased respiratory rate relative to air exposure in the asthmatic group (SO2: 958.9 breaths/hour; air: 906.8 breaths/hour) but the mean volume breathed did not differ significantly (SO2: 318.8 litres; air: 311.4 litres). AB exposures were associated with a significant rise in [NO] in the asthmatic (+1.51 ppb, and +1.39 ppb), but not in the normal group. Mean pre- and post-exposure [AA] tended to be higher in the normal than in the asthmatic group. Within each group, [AA] did not change significantly with any exposure. Post-exposure [UA] were greater than pre-exposure concentrations for all exposures, significantly so in the normal group for all exposures except SO2. There were no significant differences in the mean change in [UA] for any exposure relative to air.


CONCLUSIONS
The pollutant exposure concentrations employed in this study were generally much greater than ambient. It is unlikely that short lived exposures at lower concentrations would show significant effects, but effects of longer term lower concentration exposures cannot be ruled out.
Tunnicliffe
W S
WS
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.
Harrison
R M
RM
Kelly
F J
FJ
Dunster
C
C
Ayres
J G
JG
D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D000393:Air Pollutants; D000975:Antioxidants; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D014527:Uric Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C034007:ammonium bisulfate; C033158:sulfuric acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate