The effects of isoflurane-induced electroencephalographic burst suppression on cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral oxygen extraction during cardiopulmonary bypass.
We investigated the effects of isoflurane-induced burst suppression, monitored with electroencephalography (EEG), on cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), cerebral oxygen extraction (COE), and autoregulation in 16 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The experimental procedure was performed during nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with mild hypothermia (32 degrees C) in fentanyl-anesthestized patients. Middle cerebral artery transcranial Doppler flow velocity, right jugular vein bulb oxygen saturation, and jugular venous pressure (JVP) were continuously measured. Autoregulation was tested during changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) within a range of 40-80 mm Hg, induced by sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine before (control) and during additional isoflurane administration to an EEG burst-suppression level of 6-9/min. Isoflurane induced a 27% decrease in CBFV (P < 0.05) and a 13% decrease in COE (P < 0.05) compared with control. The slope of the positive relationship between CBFV and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = MAP - JVP) was steeper with isoflurane (P < 0.05) compared with control, as was the slope of the negative relationship between CPP and COE (P < 0.05). We conclude that burst-suppression doses of isoflurane decrease CBFV and impair autoregulation of cerebral blood flow during mildly hypothermic CPB. Furthermore, during isoflurane administration, blood flow was in excess relative to oxygen demand, indicating a loss of metabolic autoregulation of flow.


CONCLUSIONS
The effects of isoflurane on cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and oxygen extraction (COE) as a function of perfusion pressure were studied. When added to fentanyl anesthesia, isoflurane induced a 27% and 13% decrease in CBFV and COE, respectively. CBFV became more pressure-dependent with isoflurane indicating an impaired autoregulation.
Departments of *Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care and †Clinical Neurophysiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
Björn
B
Reinsfelt
Anne
A
Westerlind
Erik
E
Houltz
Sonny
S
Ederberg
Mikael
M
Elam
Sven-Erik
SE
Ricksten
D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007530:Isoflurane; D005283:Fentanyl