Guar meal germ and hull fractions differently affect growth performance and intestinal viscosity of broiler chickens.
High concentrations of guar meal in poultry diets deleteriously affect growth, feed intake, and digesta viscosity. These effects are attributed to residual gum in the meal. A 2 x 5 factorial experiment investigated the impacts of two guar meal fractions (germ and hull) at five inclusion levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) on intestinal viscosity, measures of growth, and feed conversion in broiler chickens fed to 20 d of age. Growth and feed conversion ratio were not affected by inclusion of as much as 7.5% of the germ fraction into poultry diets, while inclusion of the hull fraction reduced growth at all concentrations. The hull fraction increased intestinal viscosity at all inclusion levels fed, although feed conversion was not affected until the inclusion rate exceeded 5.0%. The germ fraction significantly increased intestinal viscosity at 7.5 and 10% inclusion rates. When germ fraction was fed, relative organ weights remained constant through all concentrations except for the ventriculus and duodenum at 7.5 and 10% inclusion levels. Relative pancreas weight was significantly increased at the 10% level of the hull fraction. Increases in intestinal viscosity corresponded with growth depression. These results suggest that residual gum was responsible for some deleterious effects seen when guar meal was fed. The germ fraction was a superior ingredient when compared with the hull fraction. The guar meal germ fraction constituting as much as 7.5% of the diet supported growth and feed conversion measures similar to those observed with a typical corn-soybean poultry ration.
Lee
J T
JT
Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2472, USA.
Bailey
C A
CA
Cartwright
A L
AL
D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D031293:Cyamopsis; D005685:Galactans; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008351:Mannans; D009929:Organ Size; D010179:Pancreas / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D053149:Plant Gums; D018514:Plant Structures; D013025:Glycine max; D014783:Viscosity; D003313:Zea mays
D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; C007894:guar gum