Tissue engineering: TGF-beta superfamily members and delivery systems in bone regeneration.
The induction of bone formation requires three parameters that interact in a highly regulated process: soluble osteoinductive signals, capable responding cells, and a supporting matrix substratum or insoluble signal. The use of recombinant and naturally derived bone morphogenetic proteins and transforming growth factor beta(s) (TGF-beta(s)) has increased our understanding of the functions of these morphogens during the induction of endochondral bone formation. In addition, growing understanding of the cellular interactions of living tissues with synthetic biomaterials has led to the in vivo induction of bone formation using porous biomimetic matrices as an alternative to the use of autografts for bone regeneration. This review outlines the basis of bone tissue engineering by members of the TGF-beta superfamily, focusing on their delivery systems and the intrinsic induction of bone formation by specific biomimetic matrices with a defined geometry.
Ramoshebi
Lentsha N
LN
Bone Research Laboratory, Medical Research Council of South Africa and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa. Nat_ramoshebi@hotmail.com
Matsaba
Thato N
TN
Teare
June
J
Renton
Louise
L
Patton
Janet
J
Ripamonti
Ugo
U
D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta