Bone recognition mechanism of porcine osteocalcin from crystal structure.
Osteocalcin is the most abundant noncollagenous protein in bone, and its concentration in serum is closely linked to bone metabolism and serves as a biological marker for the clinical assessment of bone disease. Although its precise mechanism of action is unclear, osteocalcin influences bone mineralization, in part through its ability to bind with high affinity to the mineral component of bone, hydroxyapatite. In addition to binding to hydroxyapatite, osteocalcin functions in cell signalling and the recruitment of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which have active roles in bone resorption and deposition, respectively. Here we present the X-ray crystal structure of porcine osteocalcin at 2.0 A resolution, which reveals a negatively charged protein surface that coordinates five calcium ions in a spatial orientation that is complementary to calcium ions in a hydroxyapatite crystal lattice. On the basis of our findings, we propose a model of osteocalcin binding to hydroxyapatite and draw parallels with other proteins that engage crystal lattices.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
Quyen Q
QQ
Hoang
Frank
F
Sicheri
Andrew J
AJ
Howard
Daniel S C
DS
Yang
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D017886:Durapatite / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D055672:Static Electricity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013552:Swine
D015675:Osteocalcin; D017886:Durapatite; D002118:Calcium