Quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).


BACKGROUND
OSA affects nearly one in four men and one in ten women aged 30-60 years in the United States. Health consequences of OSA can include neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular sequela that disrupt professional, family, and social life and negatively impact HRQOL.


METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on HRQOL and OSA, with special attention paid to instruments developed specifically for OSA.


RESULTS
Generic instruments used to study HRQOL and OSA include: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, Nottingham Health Profile, Sickness Impact Profile, Functional Limitations Profile, EuroQol, and Munich Life Quality Dimension List. Specific instruments include: Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Instrument, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, OSA Patient Oriented Severity Index, the OSA-18, and Cohen's pediatric OSA surgery quality of life questionnaire.


CONCLUSIONS
OSA patients have impaired HRQOL when compared with healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure appears to improve HRQOL. Other treatment modalities have not been rigorously studied. In addition, more data are needed from preference-based measures that allow conversion to utility scores, which can be used to calculate quality-adjusted life years and cost-effectiveness ratios.
Consortium for Health Outcomes, Innovation, and Cost-Effectiveness Studies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 300 North Ingalls Street, 3A00 NIB, Box 0409, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0409, USA. camoyer@umich.edu
C A
CA
Moyer
S S
SS
Sonnad
S L
SL
Garetz
J I
JI
Helman
R D
RD
Chervin