Disturbed sleep predicts hypnotic self-administration.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluative whether polysomnographically determined sleep variables in a large group of subjects reflecting a wide range of sleep disturbance would be predictive of the self-administration of capsules before sleep.


METHODS
Sixty-four healthy men and women with and without insomnia (aged 21-55 years) were given an opportunity to self-administer placebo or triazolam (0.25 mg) capsules (single-choice method - available capsule or no capsule) before sleep in three separate studies. All qualified using the identical criteria based on a standard nocturnal polysomnogram. Screening sleep measures then were used to predict subsequent placebo and triazolam self-administration.


RESULTS
The percent of placebo and triazolam choices did not differ between or within the three studies. Persons with persistent psychophysiologic insomnia self-administered more capsules than persons with sleep state misperception or normals, with the subject groups not differing in placebo vs. active drug preference. Screening polysomnographic measures predicted percent of capsule choices. The single best predictor was the ratio of minutes of stage 3-4 sleep to minutes of wake plus stage 1 sleep with R=0.44. The addition of % stage 3-4 sleep, wake before sleep and total sleep time increased R to 0.49. On morning mood ratings less ability to concentrate and greater fatigue (Profile of Mood States) predicted percent of capsule choices with R=0.36.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that the extent of sleep disturbance predicts the likelihood of self-administering a capsule before sleep regardless of whether it is placebo or active drug.
Roehrs
Timothy
T
Henry Ford Hospital, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. taroehrs@aol.com
Bonahoom
Alicia
A
Pedrosi
Bonita
B
Rosenthal
Leon
L
Roth
Thomas
T