Cytokine profiles and long-term virus-specific antibodies following immunization of CBA mice with equine herpesvirus 1 and viral glycoprotein D.
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1)-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) isolated from the lung and spleen of mice at 12 months after immunization with attenuated EHV-1 KyA, heat-killed KyA, or recombinant viral glycoprotein D (rgD) assessed by ELISPOT showed a three- to fivefold increase in three immunoglobulin isotypes at 3 days post-challenge with pathogenic EHV-1 RacL11 as compared to control mice. ELISPOT assays demonstrated a high frequency of cells secreting proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in the lungs in response to infection with KyA or RacL11 or immunization with rgD. Cytokine production elicited by EHV-1 KyA or RacL11 infection revealed similar frequencies of EHV-1-specific IFN-gamma and IL-4 spot forming cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen. However, KyA induced significantly greater amounts of IFN-gamma producing cells in the lungs than did RacL11. Intranasal immunization with KyA or rgD induced long-term immunity that provided protection against pathogenic EHV-1 challenge infection at 12 months post-immunization. Overall, the data indicate that immunization with infectious KyA or rgD induces significant levels of cytokines, virus-specific ASC in the lungs and spleen, and long-term virus specific B-cell responses.
Zhang
Yunfei
Y
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.
Smith
Patrick M
PM
Frampton
Arthur R
AR
Osterrieder
Nikolaus
N
Jennings
Stephen R
SR
O'Callaghan
Dennis J
DJ
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000921:Antibody-Producing Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004861:Herpesvirus 1, Equid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007114:Immunization; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C488988:glycoprotein D, Equid herpesvirus 1; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma