Polymorphisms in DNA double-strand break repair genes and breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study.
Genetic polymorphisms in double-strand break repair genes may influence DNA repair capacity and, in turn, confer predisposition to breast cancer. We prospectively assessed the associations of candidate polymorphisms G31479A (R188H) in XRCC2, A4541G (5'-UTR), A17893G (IVS5-14) and C18067T (T241 M) in XRCC3, and C299T (5'-UTR) and T1977C (D501D) in Ligase IV with breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (incident cases, n=1004; controls, n=1385). We observed no overall associations of these six genotypes with breast cancer risk. Four common haplotypes in XRCC3 accounted for 99% of the chromosomes of the present study population. We observed that Ligase IV 1977C carriers were at increased breast cancer risk if they had a first degree family history of breast cancer (test for interaction, P=0.01). We observed that the XRCC2 R188H polymorphism modified the association of plasma alpha-carotene level and breast cancer risk (test for ordinal interaction, P=0.03); the significantly decreased risk seen overall for women in the highest quartile of plasma alpha-carotene was only present among 188H non-carriers (the top quartile versus the bottom quartile; multivariate odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.75). No significant interactions were seen between any of these polymorphisms and duration or dose of cigarette smoking. The gene-environment interaction data suggest that the subtle effects of some of these variants on breast cancer risk may be magnified in the presence of certain exposures.
Han
Jiali
J
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jhan@hsph.harvard.edu
Hankinson
Susan E
SE
Ranu
Hardeep
H
De Vivo
Immaculata
I
Hunter
David J
DJ
D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP; D011088:DNA Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C110901:X-ray repair cross complementing protein 3; C113187:XRCC2 protein, human; D002338:Carotenoids; C041635:alpha-carotene; D011088:DNA Ligases; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP