[Glutamate and gamma-aminobutylic acid release into the vitreous during cataract surgery].
OBJECTIVE
In cataract surgery, transient retinal ischemia and photostimulation-induced retinal damage occurs, even though only for a short duration. We suspected the possibility of excessive release of glutamate under these conditions, and therefore analyzed the amino acid contents in the vitreous body.


METHODS
The vitreous bodies of 32 eyes with disease of the macular area necessitating retinovitreous surgery were used as samples for amino acid analysis. Ischemic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusion, and retinal detachment were excluded. The vitreous amino acid contents were compared between 18 eyes that underwent combined cataract and vitreous surgery and 14 eyes that had vitreous surgery alone.


RESULTS
An approximately 3-fold increase of glutamate, 6-fold increase of gamma-aminobutylic acid (GABA), and 2-fold increase of alanine were observed in combined cataract and vitreous surgery compared to vitreous surgery alone.


CONCLUSIONS
Even in human eyes, acute pressure overload or photostimulation for a short duration cause excessive release of glutamate. A simultaneous increase of GABA suggests the possibility that when glutamate is over-released, the retina physiologically reduced the concentration of glutamate via GABA, in an attempt to suppress the neurotoxin action.
Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjyuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
Jun
J
Kezuka
Yoshihiro
Y
Wakabayashi
Tomoyuki
T
Yagihashi
Takuya
T
Iwasaki
Masahiko
M
Usui
D000368:Aged; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid