Therapeutic effect of oral recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in radiotherapy-induced esophagitis.
OBJECTIVE
Radiation-induced esophagitis is one of the most important early side effects of irradiation of chest, and head and neck malignancies. This condition often leads to interruption of radiotherapy for several days. An effective treatment for reducing the incidence and severity of this complication has not yet been found. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of rhGM-CSF on radiation-induced esophagitis in the patients with chest or head and neck malignancies.


METHODS
Ninety-seven patients with chest or head and neck malignancies who had not previously received radiation therapy, were treated with radiotherapy, concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy. Forty-eight patients who had grade 1, 2 or 3 esophagitis symptoms according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group radiation morbidity score, underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In the patients with grade 3 esophagitis (according to Kuwahata's scoring system) rhGM-CSF was administered for 5-10 consecutive days as an oral solution.


RESULTS
Endoscopic examinations showed grade 3 esophagitis in 26 of these patients according to Kuwahata's score. Twenty-five patients with grade 3 esophagitis were given rhGM-CSF therapy. Radiotherapy was continued in 23 patients. After the rhGM-CSF therapy, esophagitis had regressed from grade 3 to grade 0 in 10 (43%), from grade 3 to grade 1 in 8 (35%), and from grade 3 to grade 2 in 3 patients (12%). Two patients (9%) did not respond to rhGM-CSF therapy. Twenty-one patients (91%) completed planned radiotherapy without interruption.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with radiation-induced esophagitis, ulcerated esophageal mucosa healed with local granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor administration in median 8 days without radiotherapy interruption.
Koc
Mehmet
M
Department of Radiation Oncology, Atatürk University Medical School, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey. mkoc@atauni.edu.tr
Onuk
M Derya
MD
Koruk
Mehmet
M
Memik
Faruk
F
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor