DHA-rich phospholipids optimize G-Protein-coupled signaling.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated phospholipid acyl chains on the initial steps in G-protein-coupled signaling.


METHODS
Isolated components of the visual signal transduction system, rhodopsin, G protein (G(t)), and phosphodiesterase (PDE), were reconstituted in membranes containing various levels of n-3 polyunsaturated phospholipid acyl chains. In addition, rod outer segment disk membranes containing these components were purified from rats raised on n-3-deficient and n-3-adequate diets. The conformation change of rhodopsin, coupling of rhodopsin to G(t), and PDE activity were each measured separately.


RESULTS
The ability of rhodopsin to form the active metarhodopsin II conformation and bind G(t) were both compromised in membranes with reduced levels of n-3 polyunsaturated acyl chains. The activity of PDE, directly related to the integrated cellular response, was reduced in all membranes lacking or deficient in n-3 polyunsaturated acyl chains. PDE activity in membranes containing 22:5n-6 PC was 50% lower than in membranes containing either 22:6n-3 PC or 22:5n-3 PC.


CONCLUSIONS
The earliest events in G-protein-coupled signaling; receptor conformation change, receptor-G-protein binding, and PDE activity are reduced in membranes lacking n-3 polyunsaturated acyl chains. Efficient and rapid propagation of G-protein-coupled signaling requires polyunsaturated n-3 phospholipid acyl chains.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Drake C
DC
Mitchell
Shui-Lin
SL
Niu
Burton J
BJ
Litman
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000502:physiology*; D012374:Rod Cell Outer Segment / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C013110:metarhodopsins; D012243:Rhodopsin