Abnormal contingent negative variation in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.
The contingent negative variation, an event-related potential related to neural activity in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia, neuropsychological tests and structural MRI were used to examine CNS function and structure in HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Relative to controls, HIV patients had smaller thalamic volume and reduced late contingent negative variation amplitude that correlated with caudal atrophy. Behaviorally, viremic patients were more impaired than virally suppressed patients and controls on neuropsychological measures of psychomotor speed, selective attention and mental flexibility. These results suggest that antiretroviral therapy may not be effective in protecting cortical and subcortical structures against HIV-related neuropathology, regardless of immune function. However, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on immune function appear to facilitate neurocognitive performance.
Chao
Linda L
LL
Magnetic Resonance Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 116R, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. llchao@itsa.ucsf.edu
Cardenas
Valerie A
VA
Meyerhoff
Dieter J
DJ
Rothlind
Johannes C
JC
Flenniken
Derek L
DL
Lindgren
Joselyn A
JA
Weiner
Michael W
MW
D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents