Cost-assessment of alternative management strategies for achalasia.
Achalasia is a primary oesophageal motor disorder characterised by the abnormal relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and absent oesophageal peristalsis. It is a rare disease, with an estimated incidence of approximately 1/100,000 and a prevalence close to 10/100,000 [1]. Its exact aetiology remains unknown. Autoimmune, infectious, degenerative and hereditary processes have all been proposed as factors that lead to a chronic inflammatory response in the myenteric plexus, thus resulting in selective loss of inhibitory neurons [2] and failure of the LES to relax and aperistalsis in the body of the oesophagus. The most common symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia for solids and liquids, regurgitation, chest pain, weight loss and heartburn in > 90 approximately 75, 40 - 50, approximately 60, approximately 40%, respectively [3,4]. The diagnosis is based on symptoms, barium swallow and manometry. A barium oesophagram typically shows a dilated oesophagus that tapers into a 'bird-beak' at the gastro-oesophageal junction with lack of normal peristalsis on fluoroscopic evaluation. The characteristic manometric features of achalasia are abnormal LES relaxation and aperistalsis; additionally, the LES pressure is frequently high, but can also be normal. Current practice of medicine is faced with rising healthcare costs and limited budgets [5]. We are therefore confronted with an increasing demand to justify the value of our therapeutic interventions, not only from the risk/benefit standpoint but also from the cost perspective [6,7].
Vela
Marcelo F
MF
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. Vaezim@ccf.org
Vaezi
Michael F
MF
D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002404:Catheterization / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans
D001905:Botulinum Toxins