Observers' reactions to genetic testing: the role of hindsight bias and judgements of responsibility.
In 3 studies, we examined the effect of birth outcome on observers' reactions to genetic testing. Participants read a scenario in which a woman declined to take a genetic screening test and subsequently gave birth to a child with a genetic disorder (negative outcome) or a healthy child (positive outcome). Retrospective judgments of the likelihood that the child would have a genetic disorder were higher given negative than positive outcome knowledge under conditions of high genetic risk. Moreover, the more likely a negative outcome was perceived to be, the more responsible the mother was held for not taking the genetic screening test. Consistent with Weiner's (1993) theory, responsibility judgments were linked to displeasure and sympathy, with sympathy in turn being related to help judgments.
Department of Community Health Sciences, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada. vmenec@cpe.umanitoba.ca
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D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics; D004644:Emotions; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000523:psychology; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D028681:Moral Obligations; D010290:Parents; D011336:Probability; D011639:Public Opinion; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013334:Students; D013661:Tay-Sachs Disease / Q000235:genetics