Citrate vs. heparin for anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration: a prospective randomized study.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of adjusted-dose unfractionated heparin with that of regional citrate anticoagulation in intensive care patients treated by continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).


METHODS
Prospective, randomized, clinical trial in a 32-bed medical and surgical ICU in a university teaching hospital.


METHODS
ICU patients with acute renal failure requiring continuous renal replacement therapy, without cirrhosis, severe coagulopathy, or known sensitivity to heparin.


METHODS
Before the first CVVH run patients were randomized to receive anticoagulation with heparin or trisodium citrate. Patients eligible for another CVVH run received the other study medication in a cross-over fashion until the fourth circuit.


RESULTS
Forty-nine circuits (hemofilters) were analyzed: 23 with heparin and 26 with citrate. The median lifetime of hemofilters was 70 h (interquartile range 44-140) with citrate anticoagulation and 40 h (17-48) with heparin (p=0.0007). One major bleeding occurred during heparin anticoagulation and one metabolic alkalosis (pH=7.60) was noted with citrate after a protocol violation. Transfusion rates (units of red cells per day of CVVH) were, respectively, 0.2 (0.0-0.4) with citrate and 1.0 (0.0-2.0) with heparin (p=0.0008).


CONCLUSIONS
Regional citrate anticoagulation seems superior to heparin for the filter lifetime and transfusion requirements in ICU patients treated by continuous renal replacement therapy.
Monchi
Mehran
M
General Intensive Care and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 4000, Liege, Belgium. m.monchi@free.fr.
Berghmans
Denis
D
General Intensive Care and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
Ledoux
Didier
D
General Intensive Care and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
Canivet
Jean-Luc
JL
General Intensive Care and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
Dubois
Bernard
B
General Intensive Care and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
Damas
Pierre
P
General Intensive Care and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000191:economics; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
D000925:Anticoagulants; D019343:Citric Acid; D014508:Urea; D006493:Heparin; D003404:Creatinine