The "Gull Sign": a harbinger of failure for internal fixation of geriatric acetabular fractures.
OBJECTIVE
To identify factors affecting the outcomes of surgery for acetabular fracture in patients over the age of 60 years.


METHODS
Retrospective review of records and radiographs; current examination, radiographs and outcome surveys when possible.


METHODS
Academic, Level 1 trauma center.


METHODS
Forty-eight patients over age 60 with displaced acetabulum fractures.


METHODS
Surgical reduction and fixation.


METHODS
Clinical ratings and radiographic evaluations, Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment survey (SMFA), SF-36, and hip-specific questions. Radiographs were evaluated using the criteria of Matta.


RESULTS
Ten patients died since surgery. Four were lost to follow-up. Seven had >12 months of follow-up information in the chart. Twenty-seven had current evaluations for the study. Average follow-up was 37 months, range 1-114 months. The average age at surgery was 71.6 years (range 61-88). No perioperative deaths occurred. Initial reductions achieved: 61% anatomic, 34% imperfect, and 5% poor. A specific radiographic finding (superomedial dome impaction) predictive of failure was identified. This was designated the "Gull Sign." These patients had inadequate reduction, early fixation failure, or medial/superior joint narrowing and subluxation. Functional outcomes in patients with current examination were similar to age-matched controls. Radiographic outcomes: 30% excellent, 30% good, 9% fair, 23% poor, and 7% arthroplasty. Anatomic reduction was closely related to good or excellent radiographic result.


CONCLUSIONS
While some patients over sixty years of age can have satisfactory functional outcomes after acetabular fracture fixation, a significant number will have failure of the procedure. Osteopenic patients with superomedial dome impaction (the Gull Sign) did not benefit from attempted open reduction and internal fixation in this series.
Anglen
Jeffrey O
JO
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics, Boone Orthopaedic Associates, 1601 East Broadway, Suite 300, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. anglenj@health.missouri.edu
Burd
Timothy A
TA
Hendricks
Kelly J
KJ
Harrison
Paula
P
D000077:Acetabulum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure