Two cinnamate derivatives produce similar alteration in mRNA expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats.
Cinnamate is a widespread secondary metabolite of phenolic compound synthesized by plants for defensive purposes. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of two structurally related cinnamate derivatives, 4-hydroxycinnamate and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPP), on the mRNA expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in high-cholesterol-fed rats. Male rats were fed a 1 g/100 g high-cholesterol diet with supplements of either 4-hydroxycinnamate or HPP (0.135 mmol/100 g diet) for 6 weeks. The plasma paraoxonase activity was found to be higher in the cinnamate-derivative-supplemented groups than in the control group. The erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, plus glutathione (GSH) level, were all significantly higher in the 4-hydroxycinnamate- and HPP-supplemented groups than in the control group. However, both 4-hydroxycinnamate and HPP supplementation significantly lowered the hepatic activities and mRNA expression of CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) compared to the control group. The hepatic mRNA expression and activity of SOD did not differ between the groups. The hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level was significantly lowered by the 4-hydroxycinnamate and HPP supplementation. Accordingly, these results indicate that supplementation by 4-hydroxycinnamate and HPP would seem to enhance the antioxidative defense of erythrocyte. Both HPP and 4-hydroxycinnamate would appear to be beneficial in improving the function of antioxidative enzymes on a molecular level in high-cholesterol-fed rats.
Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
Mi-Kyung
MK
Lee
Eun-Mi
EM
Park
Song-Hae
SH
Bok
Un Ju
UJ
Jung
Ji-Young
JY
Kim
Yong Bok
YB
Park
Tae-Lin
TL
Huh
Oh-Shin
OS
Kwon
Myung-Sook
MS
Choi
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011422:Propionates; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011422:Propionates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C008869:phloretic acid; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; C495469:p-coumaric acid