title: Effects of probiotic therapy on the activity and activation of mild rheumatoid arthritis--a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one RA patients were randomised to receive 2 capsules of LGG or a placebo twice daily in double-blind fashion for 12 months. Arthritis activity was evaluated by clinical examination, HAQ index, and laboratory tests (e.g. ESR, CRP, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistical differences in the clinical parameters, biochemical variables and HAQ index between the study groups over the intervention period. The mean number of tender and swollen joints decreased from 8.3 to 4.6 in the Lactobacillus group and from 5.5 to 4.8 in the placebo group (p = 0.41). According to the global assessment the RA activity was reduced in 71% (LGG group) vs. 30% (controls) (p = 0.15). Serum IL-1 beta increased slightly in the LGG group (p = 0.07), but no differences were seen in IL-6, TNF-alpha, MPO, IL-10 or 1L-12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were no statistical significant differences in the activity of RA, more subjects in the LGG group reported subjective well being. More studies on the effects of probiotic bacteria in RA are needed.
authors: Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, Heinola.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hatakka
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Martio
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Korpela
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Herranen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Poussa
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Laasanen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Saxelin
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Vapaatalo
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Moilanen
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Korpela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D007596:Joints / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1