title: A comparison of 15% azelaic acid gel and 0.75% metronidazole gel in the topical treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results of a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of a novel formulation of 15% azelaic acid gel (Finacea; Berlex Laboratories, Inc, Montville, NJ) with 0.75% metronidazole gel (MetroGel; Galderma Laboratories LP, Fort Worth, Tex) as topical therapy for moderate, papulopustular facial rosacea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen US centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 251 patients with papulopustular rosacea with persistent erythema and telangiectasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive azelaic acid gel or metronidazole gel twice daily for 15 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nominal and percent change in inflammatory lesion count, change in erythema and telangiectasia severity ratings, investigator's global assessment of rosacea, and investigator's and patient's overall improvement ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Azelaic acid gel was superior to metronidazole gel in reduction of mean nominal lesion count (-12.9 vs -10.7, respectively) (P =.003) and mean percent decrease in inflammatory lesions (-72.7% vs -55.8%, respectively) (P<.001). With respect to erythema severity, 56% of azelaic acid gel-treated patients were rated improved vs 42% of metronidazole gel-treated patients (P =.02). The effectiveness of metronidazole gel on these variables seemed to plateau after week 8, whereas azelaic acid gel demonstrated progressive improvement through week 15. Neither treatment had a clinically appreciable effect on telangiectasia. Both the investigator's global assessment (P =.02) and overall assessment of improvement (P =.005) showed a significant therapeutic advantage for azelaic acid gel. Azelaic acid gel also scored higher on the patient's overall assessment of efficacy. Both treatments were rated as having high cosmetic acceptability. No serious or systemic treatment-related adverse events were reported in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of 15% azelaic acid gel twice daily for 15 weeks demonstrated significant superiority over using 0.75% metronidazole gel in improving principal signs of rosacea (inflammatory lesions and erythema).
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA. beelewski@aol.com
authors: Boni E
authors: BE
authors: Elewski
authors: Alan B
authors: AB
authors: Fleischer
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Pariser
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012393:Rosacea / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D005782:Gels; D008795:Metronidazole; C010038:azelaic acid