title: Determinants of salt sensitivity in black and white normotensive and hypertensive women.
abstract: Salt sensitivity (SS) has been linked to human hypertension. We examined ethnic differences in the relation between SS; erythrocyte sodium (Na+i), calcium (Ca2+i), potassium (K+i), and magnesium (Mg2+i); and sodium pump activity in African-American (AA) and white women. In a crossover protocol, similar numbers of normotensive, hypertensive, AA, and white women were randomized to 7 days of a 20 meq/d and a >200 meq/d salt diet (n=199). After an overnight inpatient stay, group differences in supine blood pressure (BP), heart rate, erythrocyte cations, and sodium pump activity were measured. The prevalence of SS (53.5% vs 51%) and salt resistance (26.3% vs 30.0%) was similar in both races. Greater mean BP increase with salt loading was seen in AA vs white hypertensives but not between the normotensive women. In hypertensives, increase in mean arterial pressure was 12.6 vs 8.2 mm Hg in AAs vs whites, respectively (P<0.01), and for systolic BP, it was 23 vs 14.8 mm Hg (P<0.01). Higher Na+i and Ca2+i were noted in SS and salt-intermediate AA than in the corresponding white subjects. Na+i, Ca2+i, and the ratios of Na+i to K+i and of Ca2+i to Mg2+i were positively correlated with salt responsiveness in AA but not in white women. Sodium pump activity was similar between groups, although the change in maximal activity trended to vary inversely with SS in AA. In closely matched AA and white women, the prevalence of SS is similarly high in both races, although the magnitude of BP increase is greater in AA hypertensives. In AA but not in whites, SS is positively associated with Na+i, Ca2+i, and the ratios of Na+i to K+i and of Ca2+i to Mg2+i.
authors: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, 11100 Euclid Ave, RB&C 7311, Cleveland, OH 44106-5041, USA. jxw20@po.cwru.edu
authors: Jackson T
authors: JT
authors: Wright
authors: Mahboob
authors: M
authors: Rahman
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Scarpa
authors: Marjan
authors: M
authors: Fatholahi
authors: Valerie
authors: V
authors: Griffin
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Jean-Baptiste
authors: Monir
authors: M
authors: Islam
authors: Moustafa
authors: M
authors: Eissa
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: White
authors: Janice G
authors: JG
authors: Douglas
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002412:Cations / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase