title: Tobacco, alcohol, and p53 overexpression in early colorectal neoplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The p53 tumor suppressor gene is commonly mutated in colorectal cancer. While the effect of p53 mutations on colorectal cancer prognosis has been heavily studied, less is known about how epidemiologic risk factors relate to p53 status, particularly in early colorectal neoplasia prior to clinically invasive colorectal cancer (including adenomas, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and intramucosal carcinoma).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined p53 status, as measured by protein overexpression, in 157 cases with early colorectal neoplasia selected from three New York City colonoscopy clinics. After collecting paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-p53 monoclonal mouse IgG2a [BP53-12-1] antibody. We analyzed whether p53 status was different for risk factors for colorectal neoplasia relative to a polyp-free control group (n = 508).
  
  
  RESULTS
  p53 overexpression was found in 10.3%, 21.7%, and 34.9%, of adenomatous polyps, CIS, and intramucosal cases, respectively. Over 90% of the tumors with p53 overexpression were located in the distal colon and rectum. Heavy cigarette smoking (30+ years) was associated with cases not overexpressing p53 (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-2.9) but not with those cases overexpressing p53 (OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.4-2.6). Heavy beer consumption (8+ bottles per week) was associated with cases overexpressing p53 (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.3-12.0) but not with cases without p53 overexpression (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.7-3.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings that p53 overexpression in early colorectal neoplasia may be positively associated with alcohol intake and inversely associated with cigarette smoking are consistent with those of several studies of p53 expression and invasive cancer, and suggest that there may be relationships of smoking and alcohol with p53 early in the adenoma to carcinoma sequence.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032, USA. mt146@columbia.edu
authors: Mary Beth
authors: MB
authors: Terry
authors: Alfred I
authors: AI
authors: Neugut
authors: Mahesh
authors: M
authors: Mansukhani
authors: Jerome
authors: J
authors: Waye
authors: Noam
authors: N
authors: Harpaz
authors: Hanina
authors: H
authors: Hibshoosh
mesh_terms: D018256:Adenomatous Polyps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53