title: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are reduced in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients is far greater than in the general population. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulating in the peripheral blood contribute to neovascularization in the ischemic tissue. EPCs are considered to be included in CD34 positive (CD34+) or AC133 positive (AC133+) mononuclear cells (MNCs). This study's aim was to determine the number and functional activity of EPCs in hemodialysis patients and age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The numbers of CD34+ MNCs and AC133+ MNCs in the peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. The peripheral blood EPCs were also examined by an in vitro culture assay. The levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of CD34+ MNCs and AC133+ MNCs were significantly reduced by 56% and 49%, respectively, in hemodialysis patients (n = 50) compared with control subjects (n = 36). The number of EPCs determined by the culture assay was also significantly reduced by 41% in hemodialysis patients compared with control subjects. Multivariate analysis revealed that none of the atherosclerotic risk factors were independent predictors of reduced CD34+ MNC counts. The serum VEGF levels in hemodialysis patients were not different from those in control subjects and did not correlate with CD34+ MNC counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating EPCs are significantly reduced in hemodialysis patients, which might be related to impaired neovascularization and cardiovascular disease in these patients.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Eizawa
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Murakami
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Matsui
authors: Masafumi
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Muroi
authors: Morimasa
authors: M
authors: Amemiya
authors: Ryuichi
authors: R
authors: Takano
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Kusano
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Shimada
authors: Uichi
authors: U
authors: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A