title: Reliability and validity of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire and validation of a craving-induction procedure using multiple measures of craving and mood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the reliability and validity of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (TCQ) and the validity of imagery scripts to elicit self-reported tobacco craving.
  
  
  METHODS
  Active imagery of three auditory scripts that described no-, low- and high-intensity of smoking urge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current cigarette smokers (24 men, 24 women) not attempting to quit or reduce smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  After each imagery condition, participants completed the 47-item TCQ, a Mood Form and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability of measures was demonstrated by internal consistency and unidimensionality of the four TCQ factors across imagery conditions. Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by an orderly increase in scores on the TCQ and VAS craving measures as a function of craving intensity of the imagery scripts. Increases in effect size parameters and parallel decreases in the stability of test-retest reliability for all craving measures indicated the validity of the imagery procedure. Convergent and discriminant validity were established by the craving scripts increasing self-reported craving, the no-craving (positive-affect) script increasing positive mood, the no-craving script not affecting craving and the craving scripts not affecting positive mood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings further demonstrated the reliability and validity of the TCQ as a multi-factorial instrument to assess the construct of tobacco craving and suggested that the lability of craving, rather than inconsistency and instability in its measurement, was responsible for observed effects.
authors: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors: Edward G
authors: EG
authors: Singleton
authors: Lynn M
authors: LM
authors: Anderson
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Heishman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*