title: Glucagon-like peptide-2 and short-chain fatty acids: a new twist to an old story.
abstract: The nutritional regulation of intestinal adaptation extends beyond the route of nutrient administration as specific nutrients are known to mediate the adaptive response. Dietary carbohydrates are known to enhance intestinal adaptation in patients with short-bowel syndrome. This review discusses SCFA-induced adaptation in intestinal structure and function in adult rat and neonatal piglet models. Potential mechanisms relate to the salvage of energy as SCFA in the colon, direct mediation of intestinal adaptation by SCFA and stimulated release of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) from enteroendocrine L cells by SCFA. Among the produced SCFA, butyrate appears to be responsible for increasing plasma GLP-2 concentration, in addition to the enterotrophic effects. Emerging evidence reveals that physiological concentrations of butyrate acutely upregulate the expression of key enterocyte-associated nutrient transporters. Focused experiments are needed to carefully identify the critical components of intestinal adaptation and yield conclusions regarding the relative contributions of SCFA and GLP-2 during the various phases of this process.
authors: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. tappende@uiuc.edu
authors: Kelly A
authors: KA
authors: Tappenden
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Albin
authors: Anne L
authors: AL
authors: Bartholome
authors: Heather Fottler
authors: HF
authors: Mangian
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000502:physiology*; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology*; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides