title: Reduced exposure to organic solvents by use of water-based paint systems in car repair shops.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine to what extent the substitution of solvent-based paint by water-based paint has reduced potential exposure to organic solvents for spray painters in car repair shops.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-shift personal air sampling (n=79) was carried out over 3 consecutive days in eight car repair shops. Blood samples on the Monday morning (n=26) and at the end of the shift on the Wednesday (n=26), were analysed for organic solvents by headspace techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Toluene was the organic solvent detected at the highest geometric mean concentration in air samples when solvent-based paint systems were used (0.8 ppm), whereas xylene was found at the highest level when water-based systems were used (0.25 ppm). Toluene, isopropanol, acetone and butyl acetate were detected at higher concentrations when solvent-based paint was used than when water-based paint was employed. The additive factor, based on Norwegian limit values, was three-times higher for the painters using solvent-based paint (0.15) than for those using water-based paint (0.05). On Wednesday after shift the geometric mean of toluene in blood was significantly higher for the painters using solvent-based paint (0.044 microg/ml) than for the painters using water-based paint (0.007 microg/ml). There was a significant correlation between toluene in personal air samples and toluene in blood samples taken at the end of the shift on the same day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When solvent-based paint systems were used the additive factor for organic solvent exposure was three-times higher than when water-based systems were employed. The exposure levels of the organic solvents were well below the Norwegian limit values. The significant correlation between the toluene concentration in air and blood samples indicated that the uptake of organic solvents was correspondingly reduced. At the levels of organic solvents presently described the risk of acute and chronic health effects caused by organic solvents is low.
authors: Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for Occupational Medicine, University of Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018 Bergen, Norway. magne.bratveit@isf.uib.no
authors: Magne
authors: M
authors: Bråtveit
authors: Bjørg Eli
authors: BE
authors: Hollund
authors: Bente E
authors: BE
authors: Moen
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001336:Automobiles; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010150:Paint; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis; D020711:Threshold Limit Values; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene