title: Triacylglycerol, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-RAC -glycerol isolated from bovine udder and its synthetic enantiomer can potentiate the mitogenic activity for mouse peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: A factor stimulating a mitogenic activity of peritoneal macrophages is purified from bovine udder. It is identified as a triglyceride, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-RAC -glycerol (RAC -MADG). In this study, its enantiomers, R-(+)-and S-(-)-1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol (R-(+)-MADG, S-(-)-MADG) are synthesized. Among them, R-(+)-MADG enantiomer turns out to increase a mitogenic activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Also, (S)-(-)-MADG shows a low mitogenic activity. Treatment of a macrophage with R-(+)-MADG increases reactive oxygen species(ROS). Furthermore, treatment of macrophages with antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suppresses the R-(+)-MADG-dependent macrophage proliferation. Results show that the generation of ROS induces in R-(+)-MADG-dependent cell signaling. Treatment of a macrophage with R-(+)-MADG increases the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). Treatment of macrophages with calphostin C inhibits R-(+)-MADG-induced macrophage proliferation. Results suggest that R-(+)-MADG enhances the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and stimulates the macrophage growth. In conclusions, R-(+)-MADG accelerates the production of ROS and increases the activity of PKC to eventually stimulate macrophage cell growth. The existence of RAC -MADG in bovine udder and milk provides passive protection for the neonate and immunostimulatory capabilities.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jeong S
authors: JS
authors: Suh
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Kwon
authors: Jae S
authors: JS
authors: Eun
authors: YunJ
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: Jin K
authors: JK
authors: Limb
authors: Soo Y
authors: SY
authors: Ko
authors: So Y
authors: SY
authors: Han
authors: Yun S
authors: YS
authors: Bae
authors: Gil Ja
authors: GJ
authors: Jhon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004075:Diglycerides; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C488567:1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac glycerol; D004075:Diglycerides; D005989:Glycerides; D009281:Naphthalenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014280:Triglycerides; C061465:calphostin complex; D011493:Protein Kinase C