The role of reactive oxygen species on Plasmodium melanotic encapsulation in Anopheles gambiae.
Malaria transmission depends on the competence of some Anopheles mosquitoes to sustain Plasmodium development (susceptibility). A genetically selected refractory strain of Anopheles gambiae blocks Plasmodium development, melanizing, and encapsulating the parasite in a reaction that begins with tyrosine oxidation, and involves three quantitative trait loci. Morphological and microarray mRNA expression analysis suggest that the refractory and susceptible strains have broad physiological differences, which are related to the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Physiological studies corroborate that the refractory strain is in a chronic state of oxidative stress, which is exacerbated by blood feeding, resulting in increased steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species, which favor melanization of parasites as well as Sephadex beads.
Kumar
Sanjeev
S
Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Christophides
George K
GK
Cantera
Rafael
R
Charles
Bradley
B
Han
Yeon Soo
YS
Meister
Stephan
S
Dimopoulos
George
G
Kafatos
Fotis C
FC
Barillas-Mury
Carolina
C
D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008543:Melanins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase