title: Preoperative interscalene block for elective shoulder surgery: loss of benefit over early postoperative block after patient discharge to home.
abstract: We performed a randomized, prospective, parallel-group, open-label, multicenter trial to compare the effects of pre- versus postoperative interscalene block using levobupivacaine on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. One-hundred-two outpatients scheduled for elective shoulder surgery were randomized to receive 30 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine either preoperatively (PRE group) or postoperatively (POST group). Analgesic outcome measures during the postoperative period were: (a). time to first request for analgesic medication after surgery, (b). pain intensity using the visual analog scale at rest and during arm movement, and (c). total analgesic consumption of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and opioids. The time to first analgesic request did not differ between treatment groups. However, mean maximum pain intensity scores during the day of surgery were significantly less for the PRE group than the POST group, both at rest (P = 0.001) and after movement (P = 0.004). The mean opioid administered during surgery was lower in the PRE than the POST group (P < 0.001). Levobupivacaine was well tolerated in both treatment groups, and no adverse reactions were related to this local anesthetic. In conclusion, preoperative interscalene block with levobupivacaine provided superior pain control for the first 12 h after surgery, but this benefit was not maintained during the week after discharge because the subjects assumed control of their own pain relief as outpatients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative interscalene block with levobupivacaine provides safe and effective analgesia for same-day elective shoulder surgery, but the benefit of this one-time intervention does not persist.
authors: *Tufts-New England Medical Center; †Tufts University School of Medicine; ‡Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; §Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors: W Heinrich
authors: WH
authors: Wurm
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Concepcion
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Sternlicht
authors: Jean Marie
authors: JM
authors: Carabuena
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Robelen
authors: Leonidas C
authors: LC
authors: Goudas
authors: Scott A
authors: SA
authors: Strassels
authors: Daniel B
authors: DB
authors: Carr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002045:Bupivacaine