title: Networks of inhibitory and excitatory commissural interneurons mediating crossed reticulospinal actions.
abstract: Axonal projections and neurotransmitters used by commissural interneurons mediating crossed actions of reticulospinal neurons were investigated in adult cats. Eighteen interneurons, located in or close to lamina VIII in midlumbar segments, that were monosynaptically excited by reticulospinal tract fibres and projected to contralateral motor nuclei were labelled by intracellular injection of tetramethylrhodamine-dextran and Neurobiotin. The nine most completely labelled interneurons were analysed with combined confocal and light microscopy. None of the stem axons gave off ipsilateral axon collaterals. Seven cells had axon collaterals that arborized in the contralateral grey matter in the ventral horn of the same segments. Transmitters were identified by using antibodies raised against vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase and the glycine transporter 2. The axons of two cells were immunoreactive for the glycine transporter 2 and hence were glycinergic. Three cells were immunoreactive for the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and hence were glutamatergic. None of the axons displayed immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase. Electron microscopy of two cells revealed direct synaptic connections with motoneurons and other neurons. Axonal swellings of one neuron formed synapses with profiles in motor nuclei whereas those of the other formed synapses with other structures, including cell bodies in lamina VII. The results show that this population of commissural interneurons includes both excitatory and inhibitory cells that may excite or inhibit contralateral motoneurons directly. They may also influence the activity of motoneurons indirectly by acting through interneurons located outside motor nuclei in the contralateral grey matter but are unlikely to have direct actions on interneurons in the ipsilateral grey matter.
authors: Spinal Cord Group, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasglow, Glasglow G12 8QQ, UK.
authors: B Anne
authors: BA
authors: Bannatyne
authors: Stephen A
authors: SA
authors: Edgley
authors: Ingela
authors: I
authors: Hammar
authors: Elzbieta
authors: E
authors: Jankowska
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D050487:Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050487:Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D012235:Rhodamines; D050598:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C070614:neurobiotin; C005358:tetramethylrhodamine; D001710:Biotin; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase