title: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for malignant melanoma with special reference to absorbed doses to the normal skin and tumor.
abstract: Twenty-two patients with malignant melanoma were treated with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using 10B-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA). The estimation of absorbed dose and optimization of treatment dose based on the pharmacokinetics of BPA in melanoma patients is described. The doses of gamma-rays were measured using small TLDs of Mg2SiO4 (Tb) and thermal neutron fluence was measured using gold foil and wire. The total absorbed dose to the tissue from BNCT was obtained by summing the primary and capture gamma-ray doses and the high LET radiation doses from 10B(n, alpha)7Li and 14N(n,p)14C reactions. The key point of the dose optimization is that the skin surrounding the tumour is always irradiated to 18 Gy-Eq, which is the maximum tolerable dose to the skin, regardless of the 10B-concentration in the tumor. The neutron fluence was optimized as follows. (1) The 10B concentration in the blood was measured 15-40 min after the start of neutron irradiation. (2) The 10B-concentration in the skin was estimated by multiplying the blood 10B value by a factor of 1.3. (3) The neutron fluence was calculated. Absorbed doses to the skin ranged from 15.7 to 37.1 Gy-Eq. Among the patients, 16 out of 22 patients exhibited tolerable skin damage. Although six patients showed skin damage that exceeded the tolerance level, three of them could be cured within a few months after BNCT and the remaining three developed severe skin damage requiring skin grafts. The absorbed doses to the tumor ranged from 15.7 to 68.5 Gy-Eq and the percentage of complete response was 73% (16/22). When BNCT is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma, based on the pharmacokinetics of BPA and radiobiological considerations, promising clinical results have been obtained, although many problems and issues remain to be solved.
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. hiro@idac.tohoku.ac.jp
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Fukuda
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hiratsuka
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Sakurai
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Yoshino
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Karashima
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Turu
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Araki
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Mishima
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ichihashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001895:Boron / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D001895:Boron