title: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent lung carcinoma after external beam irradiation: a prospective phase I-II clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe in a clinical trial the feasibility, tolerance, and efficacy of reirradiation by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for locoregionally recurrent lung carcinoma after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1999 and March 2001, 23 lung carcinoma patients with locoregional recurrence after EBRT were enrolled in this study. Of the 23 patients, 21 were men and 2 were women (median age 68 years, range 43-79). At the first course of RT, 9 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 7 adenocarcinoma, and 7 small cell carcinoma. The interval between the first course of RT and recurrence varied from 6 to 42 months (median 13). The median dose of the first course of RT was 66 Gy (range 30-78). Reirradiation was carried out using 3D-CRT and only covered the radiographic lesions. The median dose of reirradiation was 51 Gy (range 46-60), which was delivered by a conventionally fractionated schedule (i.e., 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction, 5 fractions/wk). The toxicity was assessed according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up time was 15 months (range 2-37). Acute radiation esophagitis occurred in 9% of patients (Grade 1-2). Acute radiation pneumonitis developed in 22% of patients (Grade 1-2). No cases of acute Grade 3 or greater toxicity had been recorded at last follow-up. Pulmonary fibrosis was observed in 26% of patients (Grade 2-3); no other severe late complications have been observed. The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 59% and 21%, respectively. The locoregional progression-free rate at 1 and 2 years was 51% and 42%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reirradiation using 3D-CRT was tolerated by this group of recurrent lung carcinoma patients without severe complications. The 2-year outcome was encouraging. Reirradiation with 3D-CRT can be considered an option for the management of locoregionally recurrent lung carcinoma.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Kai-Liang
authors: KL
authors: Wu
authors: Guo-Liang
authors: GL
authors: Jiang
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Qian
authors: Li-Juan
authors: LJ
authors: Wang
authors: Huan-Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Yang
authors: Xiao-Long
authors: XL
authors: Fu
authors: Shen
authors: S
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis