title: Update on animal models developed for analyses of estrogen receptor biological activity.
abstract: Targeted disruption of the different ER genes has generated experimental animal models that are very useful in evaluating the distinct and cooperative roles of the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, in reproductive but also non-reproductive tissues of both sexes. Phenotypic analysis has provided definitive experimental findings for estrogen receptor mediated physiological actions, involving ERalpha in uterine, mammary gland and neuroendocrine sites. ERbeta is involved most dramatically in the ovary as is ERalpha. More detailed studies in combination with tissue specific or inducible ER knock outs will be important for future research.
authors: Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. korach@niehs.nih.gov
authors: Kenneth S
authors: KS
authors: Korach
authors: Judith M A
authors: JM
authors: Emmen
authors: Vickie R
authors: VR
authors: Walker
authors: Sylvia C
authors: SC
authors: Hewitt
authors: Mariana
authors: M
authors: Yates
authors: Julie M
authors: JM
authors: Hall
authors: Deborah L
authors: DL
authors: Swope
authors: Joshua C
authors: JC
authors: Harrell
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Couse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen