title: Macromolecular contrast medium (feruglose) versus small molecular contrast medium (gadopentetate) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the diagnostic performance of the blood pool agent feruglose and the standard extracellular contrast agent gadopentetate in their abilities to differentiate benign and malignant breast tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen women, aged 35-77 years (mean, 55 years), with 19 breast lesions underwent dynamic fast field echo 14/1/30 degrees (TR/TE/alpha) magnetic resonance imaging of the breast after bolus injection of feruglose (Clariscan; Amersham Health, Amersham, UK: dose, 2 mg Fe/kg) and an additional, comparative gadopentetate (dose, 0.2 mmol gadolinium/kg)-enhanced fast field echo 10/4/30 degrees (TR/TE/alpha) magnetic resonance study within 1-11 days (mean, 4.8 days) before or after the feruglose study. All breast tumors were surgically excised within 1-6 days (mean, 2.5 days) after completion of the magnetic resonance studies. Data were analyzed by measuring quantitative enhancement data and qualitatively by categorizations of the shape of the tumor enhancement curves. Group differences between quantitative data of the two contrast agents and between benign and malignant tumors were evaluated using a two-tailed paired-sample t test. Differences in curve type distribution between benign and malignant tumors were tested with the chi2 test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathology showed a spectrum of 10 benign and nine malignant breast lesions: five mastopathies, two fibroadenomas, two chronic inflammations, and one papillomatosis, as well as five invasive ductal carcinomas and four invasive lobular carcinomas. Substantial differences were observed between feruglose- and gadopentetate-enhanced images: the mean tumor deltaSI(%) peak enhancement and wash-in rate were significantly higher for gadopentetate- as compared with feruglose-enhanced images (P < .05). Using either contrast agent, morphologic enhancement characteristics showed a considerable overlap between benign and malignant breast lesions. However, the kinetic enhancement profiles of benign and malignant lesions were significantly different based on feruglose-enhanced data (chi2 = 9.017; P = .0027) but not gadopentetate-enhanced data (chi2 = 2.239; P = .3264).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with gadopentetate, the new blood pool agent feruglose provided an improved characterization of the evaluated breast lesions; however, at the cost of weaker overall tumor enhancement.
authors: Department of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Insmaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
authors: Heike E
authors: HE
authors: Daldrup-Link
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Kaiser
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Helbich
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Werner
authors: Atle
authors: A
authors: Bjørnerud
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Link
authors: Ernst J
authors: EJ
authors: Rummeny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010087:Oxides; D010212:Papilloma / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; D007501:Iron; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide