title: Axillary Dissection with Access Minimized (ADAM): a new technique for lymph node dissection in conservative surgery for breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Standard axillary lymph node dissection causes postoperative morbidity with pain, reduced arm mobility and axillary seromas. Endoscopy-supported axillary dissection using the same incision as was used for the breast tumor excision eliminates the necessity for a second axillary incision and potentially reduces operative trauma. This new technique is described and evaluated in a feasibility study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parallel observational study of a non-selected patient group with breast cancer (FIGO I-III) operated on with this less invasive technique from 11/2002 to 03/2003 in an oncological unit at the university level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  18 patients were operated on, with an average age of 74.7 (49-88) years, and a follow-up of 8.3 (5-10) months. Breast tumors could be removed in all quadrants. The single incision was 2.5-8.0 cm in length; operation time was 17-45 minutes and on the average, 14.2 (7-28) lymph nodes were removed. Only one patient was below the oncological standard of a minimum retrieval of 10 lymph nodes. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. Laparoscopic dissection was combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy, segment and quadrant resection as well as immediate breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap or implant. Axillary pain and sensitivity effects were minimal. Advantages of this new technique are elimination of a second axillary incision and a remarkable increase of postoperative recovery regarding arm mobility and morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique of endoscopy-supported axillary dissection with access minimized (ADAM) is feasible and safe and can be performed according to oncological standards.
authors: Frauenklinik (OB/GYN), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Paepke
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Schwarz-Boeger
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Kiechle
authors: Volker R
authors: VR
authors: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*