title: Bladder perforation presenting as vulvar edema after the tension-free vaginal tape procedure. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder perforation during the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure is a common complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vulvar edema was noted 4 hours after application of TVT, and cystoscopy revealed bladder perforation. The patient had a history of a previous vaginal hysterectomy with anterior colporrhaphy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first case report of vulvar edema following TVT. Bladder filling to 250 mL, 70 degrees cystoscopy, good skills in cystoscopy and familiarity with retropubic anatomy are key issues for the TVT procedure. A cystoscopic examination before the TVT procedure should be considered for patients with previous pelvic surgery.
authors: Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors: Ling-Hong
authors: LH
authors: Tseng
authors: Tsia-Shu
authors: TS
authors: Lo
authors: Alex C
authors: AC
authors: Wang
authors: Ching-Chung
authors: CC
authors: Liang
authors: Yung-Kwei
authors: YK
authors: Soong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery; D014845:Vulvar Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*