title: Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography in judging the resectability of pancreatic head cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the clinical value of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) in judging the resectability of pancreatic head cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  LUS was employed as a prospective diagnosis of tumor staging before exploratory laparotomy in 22 patients diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer to identify whether the liver and peritoneum had small metastases or local invasion to the portal vein, superior mesenteric vessel, aorta, inferior vena cava.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 22 patients receiving laparoscopy and LUS, we found peritoneal or surface liver metastases (3 patients), hepatic parenchyma metastases (1), and pancreatitis proved by biopsy under ultrasound guidance (1). Laparotomy was avoided in these 5 patients. Of the remaining 17 patients, 8 patients, including 2 patients with portal vein emboli due to tumor metastases had hypertrophic lymph nodes or tumor invasion of local vessels in the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneum, and omentum and the other 9 patients had resectable tumors shown by LUS. The 17 patients were subjected to exploratory laparotomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy was successful in 8 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy and LUS can be used to precisely estimate the possibility of resection of pancreatic head cancer, and prevent unnecessary exploratory laparotomy and its complications. It can be used as a routine examination before exploratory laparotomy.
authors: Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China. zhaozuowei9999@hotmail.com
authors: Zuo-Wei
authors: ZW
authors: Zhao
authors: Jin-Yun
authors: JY
authors: He
authors: Guang
authors: G
authors: Tan
authors: Hong-Jiang
authors: HJ
authors: Wang
authors: Ke-Jun
authors: KJ
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity