title: Delineating mechanisms of change in child and adolescent therapy: methodological issues and research recommendations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanisms of therapeutic change are rarely studied in child and adolescent therapy. Our central thesis is that the study of mechanisms of treatment is an excellent investment for improving clinical practice and patient care. Indeed, extending treatment trials to clinical settings, without complementary research that studies why and how treatment works, could have great limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, we discuss the importance of studying mechanisms, the logical and methodological requirements, and why almost no studies to date provide evidence for why or how treatment works. Standard statistical practices (tests of mediation) and designs (randomized controlled clinical trials) contribute greatly to outcome research but have little to say about mechanisms given the way they are commonly used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The article ends with recommendations to guide research on mechanisms of therapeutic change.
authors: Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-7900, USA. alan.kazdin@yale.edu
authors: Alan E
authors: AE
authors: Kazdin
authors: Matthew K
authors: MK
authors: Nock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D012106:Research; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome