title: [Water fluoridation and public health].
abstract: Fluoridation in Israel was first mooted in 1973 and finally incorporated into law in November 2002 obligating the Ministry of Health to add fluoride to the nation's water supply. Epidemiology studies in the USA have shown that the addition of one part per million of fluoride to the drinking water reduced the caries rate of children's teeth by 50% to 60% with no side effects. Both the WHO in 1994 and the American Surgeon General's report of 2000 declared that fluoridation of drinking water was the safest and most efficient way of preventing dental caries in all age groups and populations. Opposition to fluoridation has arisen from "antifluoridation" groups who object to the "pollution" of drinking water by the addition of chemicals and mass medication in violation of the "Patient's Rights" law and the Basic Law of Human Dignity and Liberty. A higher prevalence of hip fractures in elderly osteoporotic women and osteosarcoma in teenagers has been reported in areas where excess fluoride exists in the drinking water. However, none of the many independent professional committees reviewing the negative aspects of fluoridation have found any scientific evidence associating fluoridation with any ill-effects or health problems. In Israel, where dental treatment is not included in the basket of Health Services, fluoridation is the most efficient and cheapest way of reducing dental disease, especially for the poorer members of the population.
authors: Shlomo
authors: S
authors: Barak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D005457:Fluoridation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D028701:Patient Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*; D014944:World Health Organization