Behavioral impulsivity paradigms: a comparison in hospitalized adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders.
BACKGROUND
Behavioral impulsivity paradigms vary widely and studies using these measures have typically relied on a single measure used in isolation. As a result, comparisons between measures are difficult, with little consensus regarding which method may be most sensitive to individual impulsivity differences of different populations.


METHODS
A single testing session of each of four different impulsivity tasks was completed by two groups of adolescents aged 13-17: hospitalized inpatients with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD; n = 22) and controls (n = 22). Tasks included two rapid-decision (IMT/DMT and GoStop) and two reward-directed (TC and SKIP) impulsivity paradigms. Behavioral testing took place within 3 days of hospitalization for the adolescents with DBD.


RESULTS
Compared to controls, the DBD group exhibited higher commission error rates, lower inhibited response rates after a stop-signal, and twice as many reward-directed responses even after IQ differences between the groups were taken into account. When the four paradigms were compared, effect-size calculations indicated that the two rapid-decision paradigms were more sensitive to group differences than the reward-directed tasks.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the initiation of pharmacotherapy within the first 3 days of hospitalization, in contrast to the control group, the adolescents with DBD performed consistently with what has been operationally defined as impulsivity. Based on these results, these tasks appear to measure similar, but unique components of the impulsivity construct. With further study, laboratory behavioral paradigms may prove to be useful additions to current clinical diagnostic and treatment procedures in a variety of psychiatric populations.
Dougherty
Donald M
DM
Neurobehavioral Research Laboratory and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030-3406, USA. donald.m.dougherty@uth.tmc.edu
Bjork
James M
JM
Harper
R Andrew
RA
Marsh
Dawn M
DM
Moeller
F Gerard
FG
Mathias
Charles W
CW
Swann
Alan C
AC
D000293:Adolescent; D000298:Adolescent, Hospitalized / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D012201:Reward