title: Four fatal flaws in recent spirituality research.
abstract: The answer to the question of whether clinical pastoral education and professional chaplaincy need become more scientific should be a Tillichian "yes and no." Pastoral care and counseling is both an art and a science. The field is thus subject ineluctably to scientific examination. However, its artistic dimensions are elusive and impenetrable to scientific scrutiny.
authors: New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia Presbyterian Center, College of Pastoral Supervision and Psychotherapy, USA. lawrenr@nyp.org
authors: Raymond J
authors: RJ
authors: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D002604:Chaplaincy Service, Hospital / Q000379:methods*; D029221:Faith Healing; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010327:Pastoral Care / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D012070:Religion and Science; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D029181:Spirituality; D028725:Theology