title: Total video endoscopic thyroidectomy by an axillary approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A permanent transverse surgical scar is an unavoidable problem after conventional thyroidectomy. Endoscopic thyroidectomy performed via an axillary approach leaves no scarring at the neck and anterior chest wall and so provides an excellent cosmetic result. The axillary scars are usually not seen when the arm is in a normal position.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 2001 to February 2003, we used a four-port technique to perform 45 lobectomy and isthmectomy procedures. One 12-mm port for the flexible laparoscope (EL2-TF410, Fuji Photo Optical, Tokyo, Japan) and three additional 5-mm ports for instruments and suction were inserted through the axilla on the side of the nodule. The CO(2 )insufflation pressure was set at 4 mm Hg, and in most cases, a 5-mm Johnson & Johnson Harmonic Scalpel (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.) was used for the dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 45 procedures, 44 were performed successfully. In one case, conversion to a conventional technique was required. The mean operating time was 131.2 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 51.6 mL. The recurrent laryngeal nerves were clearly identified in every case, and no case of permanent voice change occurred after surgery. In one patient, a 20-mL seroma developed on the 10th postoperative day, which was treated by simple aspiration. One patient experienced a transient voice change. The patients were discharged on average at 2.9 days after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic thyroidectomy by an axillary approach to manage benign thyroid disease is feasible and safe and provides promising cosmetic results. We think that this approach may play an important role in the near future.
authors: Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. suchartc@hotmail.com
authors: Suchart
authors: S
authors: Chantawibul
authors: Santi
authors: S
authors: Lokechareonlarp
authors: Chairat
authors: C
authors: Pokawatana
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery