title: Real-time polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: Real-time PCR is the state-of-the-art technique to quantify nucleic acids for mutation detection, genotyping and chimerism analysis. Since its development in the 1990s, many different assay formats have been developed and the number of real-time PCR machines of different design is continuously increasing. This review provides a survey of the instruments and assay formats available and discusses the pros and cons of each. The principles of quantitative real-time PCR and melting curve analysis are explained. The quantification algorithms with internal and external standardization are derived mathematically, and potential pitfalls for the data analysis are discussed. Finally, examples of applications of this extremely versatile technique are given that demonstrate the enormous impact of real-time PCR on life sciences and molecular medicine.
authors: Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Langhansstrasse 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Jochen.Wilhelm@chemie.bio.uni-giessen.de
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Wilhelm
authors: Alfred
authors: A
authors: Pingoud
mesh_terms: D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D009696:Nucleic Acids