title: Retention of reversibly thermo-gelling timolol on the human ocular surface studied by video meniscometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the retention of reversibly thermo-gelling timolol (TG-timolol) on the human ocular surface using video meniscometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 14 healthy volunteers with no external eye disease. Fifteen microl TG-timolol were instilled into one eye of each subject and the same volume of aqueous, timolol ophthalmic solution was instilled in the fellow eye, in a masked fashion. Tear meniscus curvature was monitored at the center of the lower meniscus in each eye, using a newly-developed video meniscometer, before and at one-minute intervals for ten minutes after, the instillation. The radius of meniscus curvature (R) was calculated from printed video-images using the concave mirror formula. The change in R with time after instillation was compared for the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in meniscus radius with time t [defined as deltaR(t) = R(t) - R(0)] showed a significant exponential regression in both the TG-timolol and the timolol groups. There was a significant difference in the value of deltaR(5) and deltaR(10) between eyes with TG-timolol [deltaR(5) = 0.29 mm, deltaR(10) = 0.18mm] and eyes with timolol only [deltaR(5) = 0.10mm, deltaR(10) = 0.06 mm] [deltaR(5): P < 0.001, deltaR(10): P < 0.001]. The area under each regression curve of deltaR(t), an indicator of vehicle retention, was greater in the eyes treated with TG-timolol than in those receiving timolol only (2.09 vs. 0.56, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the reversibly thermo-gelling timolol was better retained at the ocular surface than conventional, aqueous timolol.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Ishibashi
authors: Norihiko
authors: N
authors: Yokoi
authors: Anthony J
authors: AJ
authors: Bron
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Tiffany
authors: Aoi
authors: A
authors: Komuro
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D013999:Timolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013999:Timolol