title: Modified formulation of CPDA for storage of whole blood, and of SAGM for storage of red blood cells, to maintain the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A dramatic decrease in the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) takes place during the storage of whole blood (WB) in CPDA (citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine) and a similar decrease occurs during the storage of red blood cells (RBCs) in SAGM (saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol). The aim of the present study was to prevent this decrease by modifying CPDA and SAGM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pH of WB anticoagulant or RBC preservative solution was maintained at 7.6 by autoclaving the dextrose solution separately, by incorporating ascorbic acid and nicotinic acid into both CPDA and SAGM (to produce modified CPDA and SAGM solutions), and by reducing the concentration of adenine and adding citrate to the modified SAGM solution. The concentration of 2,3-DPG in WB after 28 days of storage in modified CPDA, and in RBCs stored in modified SAGM, was compared with that in WB or RBCs stored in unmodified solutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial 2,3-DPG levels were maintained after 28 days in the modified formulations [10.63 +/- 2.58 microM/g of haemoglobin (Hb) in the case of modified CPDA and 12.07 +/- 1.47 microM/g of Hb in the case of modified SAGM], whereas in standard CPDA and SAGM solutions, the concentration of 2,3-DPG decreased to very low levels (0.86 +/- 0.97 microM/g Hb for CPDA and 0.12 +/- 0.008 for SAGM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our modification in the formulation of CPDA or SAGM is effective in arresting the dramatic decrease in the level of 2,3-DPG that occurs during storage of WB and RBCs in unmodified solutions.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, R & D, Terumo Penpol Limited, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. tplrd@asianetindia.com
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Kurup
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Arun
authors: N S
authors: NS
authors: Gayathri
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Dhanya
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Indu
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate / Q000097:blood*; D000225:Adenine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004867:Equipment Design; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: C037839:ADSOL; D000925:Anticoagulants; C034876:CPDA solutions; D002951:Citrates; D010710:Phosphates; D012996:Solutions; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D009525:Niacin; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose; D000225:Adenine