Stress-specific activation mechanisms for the "cell integrity" MAPK pathway.
Many environmental stresses trigger cellular responses by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Once activated, these highly conserved protein kinase cascades can elicit cellular responses such as transcriptional activation of response genes, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and cell cycle arrest. The mechanism of pathway activation by environmental stresses is in most cases unknown. We have analyzed the activation of the budding yeast "cell integrity" MAPK pathway by heat shock, hypoosmotic shock, and actin perturbation, and we report that different stresses regulate this pathway at different steps. In no case can MAPK activation be explained by the prevailing view that stresses simply induce GTP loading of the Rho1p GTPase at the "top" of the pathway. Instead, our findings suggest that the stresses can modulate at least three distinct kinases acting between Rho1p and the MAPK. These findings suggest that stresses provide "lateral" inputs into this regulatory pathway, rather than operating in a linear "top-down" manner.
Harrison
Jacob C
JC
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Zyla
Trevin R
TR
Bardes
Elaine S G
ES
Lew
Daniel J
DJ
D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D005656:Fungal Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C051302:RHO1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins