Dual regulation of cell proliferation and survival via activation of glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor signaling.
Peptide hormones regulate cell viability and tissue integrity, directly or indirectly, through activation of G-protein-coupled receptors via diverse mechanisms including stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of cell death. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33 amino acid peptide hormone released from intestinal endocrine cells following nutrient ingestion. GLP-2 stimulates intestinal crypt cell proliferation leading to expansion of the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium. Exogenous GLP-2 administration attenuates intestinal injury in experimental models of gastrointestinal disease and improves intestinal absorption and nutritional status in human patients with intestinal failure secondary to short bowel syndrome. GLP-2 also promotes mucosal integrity via reduction of injury-associated apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa and directly reduces apoptosis in cells expressing the GLP-2 receptor in vitro. Hence, the regenerative and cytoprotective properties of GLP-2 contribute to its therapeutic potential for the treatment of patients with intestinal disease.
Estall
Jennifer L
JL
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4.
Drucker
Daniel J
DJ
D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000502:physiology*
C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D010455:Peptides; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides