title: Mediastinitis after pediatric cardiac surgery: a 15-year experience at a single institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The spectrum of sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery ranges from superficial infections to a deep sternal infection known as mediastinitis. Mediastinitis is a rare but clinically relevant source of postoperative morbidity and mortality in adult and pediatric patients after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified all patients diagnosed with mediastinitis after cardiac surgery from January 1987 to December 2002 (17 patients/7,616 surgeries = 0.2%). Demographic data, cardiac diagnosis, cardiac surgery, hospital length of stay, associated medical diagnosis, and surgical treatment for mediastinitis were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen pediatric patients (age < 18 years) were diagnosed with mediastinitis (mean age at diagnosis 37.5 months, range 21 days to 17 years. The median postoperative day of diagnosis was 14 days (6 to 50 days). The most common organism was Staphylococcus species (n = 9). Six patients had an associated bacteremia. The median hospital length of stay for all patients was 42.5 days (range 16 to 163 days). The hospital mortality was 1 of 15 (6%). Each patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics; sternal debridement; and rectus abdominus flap reconstruction (n = 7), pectoralis muscle flap reconstruction (n = 3), omentum reconstruction (n = 1), or primary sternal closure (n = 4). Three patients have undergone redo-sternotomy with orthotopic heart transplantation, bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, and replacement of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery homograft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Timely diagnosis, aggressive sternal debridement, and liberal use of rotational muscle flaps can potentially minimize the morbidity and mortality in pediatric postoperative cardiac patients. Subsequent redo-sternotomy has not been problematic.
authors: The Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, The Heart Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors: Tia A
authors: TA
authors: Tortoriello
authors: Jeffrey D
authors: JD
authors: Friedman
authors: E Dean
authors: ED
authors: McKenzie
authors: Charles D
authors: CD
authors: Fraser
authors: Timothy F
authors: TF
authors: Feltes
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Randall
authors: Antonio R
authors: AR
authors: Mott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008480:Mediastinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents