title: Pattern and predictors of early rejection after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most lung transplant recipients experience improvement in their underlying pulmonary condition but are faced with the threat of allograft rejection, the primary determinant of long-term survival. Several studies examined predictors of rejection, but few focused on the early period after transplantation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the pattern and predictors of early rejection during the first year after transplantation to guide the development of interventions to facilitate earlier detection and treatment of rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for donor, recipient, and posttransplant variables were retrieved retrospectively for 250 recipients of single or double lung transplants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most recipients (85%) had at least 1 episode of acute rejection; 33% had a single episode; 23% had recurrent rejection; 3% had persistent rejection; 13% had refractory rejection; and 14% had clinicopathological evidence of chronic rejection. Serious rejection (refractory acute rejection or chronic rejection) developed in 27% of recipients. Compared with other recipients, recipients who had serious rejection had more episodes of acute rejection (P = .004), and the first acute episodes occurred sooner after transplantation (P = .01) and were of a higher grade (P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recipients who experienced higher grades for their first episode of acute rejection (P = .03) and higher cumulative rejection scores (P = .004) were significantly more likely than other recipients to have serious rejection during the first year after transplantation.
authors: Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA.
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: DeVito Dabbs
authors: Leslie A
authors: LA
authors: Hoffman
authors: Aldo T
authors: AT
authors: Iacono
authors: Chris L
authors: CL
authors: Wells
authors: Wayne
authors: W
authors: Grgurich
authors: Thomas G
authors: TG
authors: Zullo
authors: Kenneth R
authors: KR
authors: McCurry
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Dauber
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents