title: Determination of urea distribution volume for Kt/V assessed by conductivity monitoring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kt/V can be calculated continuously during dialysis without blood samples using the ionic dialysance method. Unlike the usual method using blood samples, a precise value for the patients' urea distribution volume is required. This study compared different methods for the determination of urea distribution volume (V) to evaluate their use in Kt/V measurement, based on conductivity monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were studied during 40 dialysis sessions. Total body water and V were determined using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), anthropometric data, and blood-based kinetic data. Ionic dialysance was measured by conductivity monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total body water measured by bioimpedance was determined as VBIS= 37.0 +/- 7.1 L or 49.6 +/- 4.4% of body weight. V determined using ionic dialysance as input to urea kinetic modeling (UKM) was found to correlate well with total body water (VKecn= 36.4 +/- 5.2 L). All anthropometric equations overestimated measured V: VWatson= 40.7 +/- 3.9 L, VHume= 41.8 +/- 2.5 L, VChertow= 44.6 +/- 3.3 L, and VChumlea= 43.1 +/- 2.9 L. Single-pool Kt/V obtained by kinetic modeling was used as reference (Kt/V)SPVV= 1.49 +/- 0.15. Using different Vs as the V component in the ionic dialysance Kt/V, we obtained: Kecn*t/VWatson= 1.34 +/- 0.12, Kecn*t/VBIS= 1.51 +/- 0.21 and Kecn*t/VKecn= 1.52 +/- 0.18.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single-pool Kt/V calculated using the ionic dialysance method agreed with the conventional blood sample method provided that V was calculated using BIS or urea kinetics. V by either method was reproducible and varied little in an individual patient. Monthly determination of V allows determination of Kt/V for each dialysis session by ionic dialysance.
authors: Fresenius Medical Care, Research & Development, Bad Homburg, Germany. Andreas.Wuepper@fmc-ag.de
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Wuepper
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Tattersall
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Kraemer
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Wilkie
authors: Lorraine
authors: L
authors: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001769:Blood; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D014508:Urea