title: Tumor microenvironment and hemorheological abnormalities.
abstract: This article reviews the various mechanisms in a malignant tumor that lead to hypoxia, production of tumor interstitial fluid, and rheological changes in its microenvironment. In addition, the associated procoagulant effects are described. The latter phenomenon is the result of complex and dynamic interplay among tumor cells, endothelial cells, circulating blood cells, and angiogenic, clotting, and hemorheological factors. The implications of these abnormalities on therapeutic approach are discussed.
authors: Family Medicine Area, ASl 1 Legnano, Milano, Italy. freitas@unipv.it
authors: Gianfranco
authors: G
authors: Baronzio
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Freitas
authors: Hau C
authors: HC
authors: Kwaan
mesh_terms: D045604:Extracellular Fluid; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology