title: Metoidioplasty: a variant of phalloplasty in female transsexuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe metoidioplasty, a technique for creating a neophallus from an enlarged clitoris in female transsexuals, without needing the complex, multi-staged surgical construction of a large phallus, as this reconstruction is one of the most difficult in female transsexuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 1995 to April 2002 metoidioplasty was used in 22 patients (aged 18-33 years). The technique is based on the repair of the most severe form of hypospadias and intersex. The 'urethral plate' and urethra are completely dissected from the clitoral corporeal bodies, then divided at the level of the glanular corona, and the clitoris straightened and lengthened. A longitudinal vascularized island flap is designed and harvested from the dorsal skin of the clitoris, transposed to the ventral side, tubularized and anastomosed with the native urethra. The new urethral meatus is brought to the top of the neophallus, and the skin of the neophallus and scrotum reconstructed using labia minora and majora flaps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (range) follow-up was 3.9 (0.5-6) years; the neophallus was 5.7 (4-10) cm, considered satisfactory in 17 patients but the remaining five required additional phalloplasty. The complications were urethral stenosis in two and fistula in three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metoidioplasty is an alternative to phalloplasty, allowing voiding while standing. In patients who desire a larger phallus, various techniques of phalloplasty can also be used.
authors: School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Yugoslavia. uromiros@eunet.yu
authors: S V
authors: SV
authors: Perovic
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Djordjevic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001187:Artificial Organs; D002987:Clitoris / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000209:etiology