title: Haemolytic activities and immunologic adjuvant effect of Panax notoginseng saponins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate haemolytic activities and adjuvant effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The haemolytic potential of PNS and its effects on the humoral and cellular immune responses to mice subcutaneously immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) were examined. ICR mice were immunized with OVA 100 microg alone, the mixture of OVA 100 microg and aluminoid 2 mg, or mixture of OVA 100 microg and PNS 50, 100, or 200 microg on the first and fifteenth day. Two weeks later (d 28), antigen-specific antibody in serum and concanavalin A (Con A)-, pokeweed (PWM)-, and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemolytic percents of PNS-treated red blood cell were 11.6 % and 3.6 % at concentrations of 500 and 250 mg/L, respectively. Con A-, PWM- and PHA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation in the mice immunized with OVA/PNS (100 microg) was higher than that in the OVA control group (P<0.01). Mice immunized with OVA and PNS (50, 100, 200 microg) showed significantly higher serum OVA-specific IgG antibody titers (P<0.01) in comparison with the control group that received OVA alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNS possesses immunologic adjuvant activities and low-haemolytic effect.
authors: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. sunhx@zju.edu.cn
authors: Hong-Xiang
authors: HX
authors: Sun
authors: Hang-Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Pan
authors: Yuan-Jiang
authors: YJ
authors: Pan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007074:Immunoglobulin G