title: Excessive exposure of sick neonates to sound during transport.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the levels of sound to which infants are exposed during routine transport by ambulance, aircraft, and helicopter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sound levels during 38 consecutive journeys from a regional level III neonatal intensive care unit were recorded using a calibrated data logging sound meter (Quest 2900). The meter was set to record "A" weighted slow response integrated sound levels, which emulates the response of the human ear, and "C" weighted response sound levels as a measure of total sound level exposure for all frequencies. The information was downloaded to a computer using MS HyperTerminal. The resulting data were stored, and a graphical profile was generated for each journey using SigmaPlot software.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight journeys involved ambulance transport on country roads, 24 involved fixed wing aircraft, and four were by helicopter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relations between decibel levels and events or changes in transport mode were established by correlating the time logged on the sound meter with the standard transport documentation sheet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest sound levels were recorded during air transport. However, mean sound levels for all modes of transport exceeded the recommended levels for neonatal intensive care. The maximum sound levels recorded were extremely high at greater than 80 dB in the "A" weighted hearing range and greater than 120 dB in the total frequency range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study raises major concerns about the excessive exposure of the sick newborn to sound during transportation.
authors: Neonatal Unit, Christchurch Women's Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Buckland
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Austin
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jackson
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Inder
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D000552:Ambulances; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods; D009624:Noise, Transportation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000379:methods*