A framework for the conceptual modelling of assistive technology device outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
A key step in planning assistive technology outcomes research is formulation of a conceptual model, specific to a particular type of device, that provides a rationale for the expected outcomes. This paper reflects the conviction that the development of device-specific causal models will be facilitated by having available an overarching framework that is potentially applicable to multifarious types of devices and their outcomes.


METHODS
A literature review identified the critical, unmet needs for a conceptual framework. The assumptions underlying the framework were specified preparatory to describing it and discussing its implications.


RESULTS
The outcomes of assistive technology devices are depicted as resulting from the interaction among characteristics of a specific device-type, its users, and their environment. Initial junctures include procurement of a type of device and a period of introductory use that, interacting with various moderating co-factors, result in a variety of shorter-term outcomes, possible longer-term use, and its outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
The framework has the potential of facilitating the development of device-specific causal models. It also may contribute to developing a research agenda for assistive technology outcomes research by highlighting measures that need to be developed and by identifying testable hypotheses concerned, for example, with the manner and duration of devices' usage.
Fuhrer
M J
MJ
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Damascus, MD 20872, USA. fuhrerm@mail.nih.gov
Jutai
J W
JW
Scherer
M J
MJ
DeRuyter
F
F
D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D020380:Needs Assessment; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical