title: Inflammatory cytokines in intrauterine growth retardation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate maternal serum levels of two inflammatory cytokines in women with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), while studying separately women with or without placental insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 14 women with IUGR and Doppler-defined placental insufficiency, 14 women with IUGR without placental insufficiency, and 28 healthy pregnant women as a control group. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using a commercially available kit. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the corrected Mann-Whitney U-test were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in TNF-alpha levels among the three studied groups (p = 0.03). Women with IUGR and placental insufficiency showed statistically significant higher serum levels of TNF-alpha[2.2 pg/mL (1.3-4.1)] and a higher rate of detectable TNF-alpha[85.7% (12/14)] than those in the control group [0 pg/mL (0-2.7) and 32.1% (9/28)] (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively). On the contrary, there was no difference in either the TNF-alpha level [1.4 pg/mL (0-4.9)] or the rate of detectable TNF-alpha[57.1% (8/14)] between women with IUGR without placental insufficiency and women in the control group. The levels of IL-6 were similar in the three studied groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha is increased in women with IUGR and placental insufficiency but normal in those with IUGR and normal placental perfusion. We suggest that elevations of TNF-alpha could be a specific phenomenon of certain subsets of IUGR, identifying cases with placental dysfunction.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. J.Bartha@bristol.ac.uk
authors: Jose L
authors: JL
authors: Bartha
authors: Raquel
authors: R
authors: Romero-Carmona
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Comino-Delgado
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D010927:Placental Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha