Dietary factors and development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in a general Japanese population: the hisayama study.
BACKGROUND
There have been few prospective studies on diet and glucose abnormalities as determined by oral glucose tolerance test.


METHODS
To investigate the impact of dietary factors on the development of glucose intolerance including diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, we performed a follow-up survey of 1,075 subjects aged 40-74 years of normal glucose tolerance from 1988 through 1993/1994 by repeated 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and dietary survey. Information on habitual food consumption was obtained using a semiquantitative food frequency method.


RESULTS
Of the total subjects studied, 119 (11.1%) developed impaired glucose tolerance and 24 (2.2%) developed diabetes during the follow-up. At baseline, the age-adjusted amount of alcohol intake was significantly higher in males who developed glucose intolerance than in those who did not (26.7 g vs. 15.7 g, p < 0.05), while the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S) ratio was significantly higher in females with future glucose intolerance (1.42 vs. 1.31, p < 0.05). Among the female subjects who developed glucose intolerance, the intake of animal fat less decreased during the follow-up period compared with normal subjects, resulting in a significant decrease in the P/S ratio (-0.09 vs. 0.05, p < 0.05). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, alcohol intake at baseline for males and decreased P/S ratio during the follow-up for females remained a significant risk factor for glucose intolerance independent of other dietary and non-dietary factors as well.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that a high intake of alcohol and a decreased P/S ratio contribute to the risk of glucose intolerance in contemporary Japanese.
Kiyohara
Yutaka
Y
Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan.
Shinohara
Akiko
A
Kato
Isao
I
Shirota
Tomoko
T
Kubo
Michiaki
M
Tanizaki
Yumihiro
Y
Fujishima
Masatoshi
M
Iida
Mitsuo
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors