title: Family carers' responses to behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the responses of family carers to the behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty family carers of people with dementia were identified in a survey of mental disorder in general practice. Another 20 were referred by local aged mental health services. Carers were interviewed using the Manchester and Oxford University Scale for the Psychopathological Assessment of Dementia (MOUSEPAD) which rates behavioural and psychological disturbances. Carers' customary responses to current symptoms were recorded verbatim and categorised using a structured typology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptom frequency increased in line with dementia severity. Disturbances were generally well tolerated. Most were ignored where possible, except for wandering from home. Other common responses included avoiding triggers, providing reassurance, reality orientation, diversion, and collusion with false beliefs. Restrictive or punitive responses were uncommon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few carers articulated clear strategies to deal with behavioural and psychological symptoms. For most, tolerance proved more effective and less distressing than arguments and reprimands. Carers' responses are likely to be influenced by social and cultural factors and may differ in other settings.
authors: Department of Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
authors: Sandy
authors: S
authors: Ward
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Opie
authors: Daniel W
authors: DW
authors: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001315:Australia; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing