title: Liver disintegration in the mouse embryo caused by deficiency in the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1.
abstract: ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1) is widely expressed in mammals, but its biological role is unknown. We show here by gene targeting that ADAR1 selectively edits in vivo two of five closely spaced adenosines in the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 2C receptor pre-mRNA of nervous tissue; and hence, site-selective adenosine-to-inosine editing is indeed a function of ADAR1. Remarkably, homozygosity for two different null alleles of ADAR1 caused a consistent embryonic phenotype appearing early at embryonic day 11 and leading to death between embryonic days 11.5 and 12.5. This phenotype manifests a rapidly disintegrating liver structure, along with severe defects in definitive hematopoiesis, encompassing both erythroid and myeloid/granuloid progenitors as well as spleen colony-forming activity from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and fetal liver. Probably as a consequence of these developmental impairments, ADAR1-deficient embryonic stem cells failed to contribute to liver, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and blood in adult chimeric mice. Thus, ADAR1 subserves critical steps in developing non-nervous tissue, which are likely to include transcript editing.
authors: Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Jochen C
authors: JC
authors: Hartner
authors: Carolin
authors: C
authors: Schmittwolf
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Kispert
authors: Albrecht M
authors: AM
authors: Müller
authors: Miyoko
authors: M
authors: Higuchi
authors: Peter H
authors: PH
authors: Seeburg
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D017393:RNA Editing; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012322:RNA Precursors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase