title: Fluid restriction in heart failure patients: is it useful? The design of a prospective, randomised study.
abstract: Thirst is a common and troublesome symptom for patients with moderate to severe heart failure. The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment as well as the nature of the disease itself causes increased thirst. There is no evidence in the literature about the usefulness of fluid restriction for heart failure patients. Formerly, when very little pharmacological treatment was available, fluid restriction was one of the few interventional options but nowadays when the pharmacological treatment has improved, its importance may be questioned. This article describes the design of an ongoing study with the aim to determine if an individualised and less restrictive fluid prescription can improve the quality of life, cardiac function and exercise capacity, and decrease in hospital admissions and thirst. This study will be performed as a two-group, 1:1 randomised cross-over study. In group 1, the patients are instructed to comply with a maximum fluid intake of 1.5 l. This is a standard treatment today. In group 2, the patients are recommended to intake a fluid, based on the physiological need of 30 ml/kg body weight/24 h, and are allowed to increase the fluid intake to a maximum of 35 ml/kg body weight/24 h. After 16 weeks, the patients will cross over to the other intervention strategy and continue for another 16 weeks.
authors: Malmö University School of Health and Society, Malmo 205 06, Sweden. marie.holst@ls.mah.se
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Holst
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Strömberg
authors: Maud
authors: M
authors: Lindholm
authors: Giggi
authors: G
authors: Uden
authors: Ronnie
authors: R
authors: Willenheimer
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013548:Sweden; D013894:Thirst; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome