title: Experimental assessment of small intestinal submucosa as a small bowel graft in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is an extracellular matrix used in tissue engineering. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using SIS as a scafford for small bowel regeneration in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-cm length tubular SIS graft from donor Sprague Dawley rats was interposed with bilateral anastomosis in the median tract of an isolated ileal loop of Lewis rats used to construct an ileostomy. The grafts were harvested and analyzed at each of the time-points ranging from 2 weeks to 24 weeks after operation using histology and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroscopic examination found no adhesion in the surrounding area of neointestine by 24 weeks, and no stenosis was visible. The shrinkage of neointestine was indicated from 20% to 40%. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation showed that SIS grafts were colonized by numerous inflammation cells by 2 weeks. Neovascularization was evident, but the luminal surface was not epithelized. By 4 weeks, transitional mucosal epithelial layer began to line the luminal surface of the graft, and nearly 70% luminal surface of the graft had been covered by mucosal epithelium at 8 weeks. By 12 weeks, the luminal surface was covered completely by a mucosal layer with distinct bundles of smooth muscle cells in the neointestine. At 24 weeks, the neointestine wall showed 3 layers of mucosa, smooth muscle, and serosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary study suggested that SIS allow rapid regeneration of mucosa and smooth muscle and might be a viable material for the creation of neointestine.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagawa Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Zhong Qiu
authors: ZQ
authors: Wang
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Toki
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007081:Ileostomy; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing