title: Changes in health status, psychological distress, and quality of life in implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients between 6 months and 1 year after implantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has positive health benefits but the impact on well-being and quality of life over a period of time has not been studied in depth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To follow patients prospectively over the first year and to compare the changes from time of ICD implantation, to 6 months and 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Generalized linear models were used to assess changes through examination of health status (SF-36), psychological distress (POMS), and quality of life (QLI) scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 19 females (27%) and 51 males (73%) in the sample with a mean age of 64 years. There were significant improvements over time in 3 of the 8 sub-concepts of health status: role physical (P<0.001), vitality (P<0.013) and social functioning (P<0.001). The Profile of Mood States revealed significantly less total psychological distress at 6 months with a non-significant leveling off or increase at 1 year. The quality of life index revealed no significant changes over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of living with an ICD are not well understood. Research should continue to identify the impact over time in this population and sub-groups so that health care providers can address the social and psychological needs of this population.
authors: GRB 1034, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dcarroll3@partners.org
authors: Diane L
authors: DL
authors: Carroll
authors: Glenys A
authors: GA
authors: Hamilton
authors: Barbara J
authors: BJ
authors: Kenney
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome