title: A new technique of thoracoscopic pleurodesis for refractory hepatic hydrothorax.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as a pleural effusion that arises in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and no cardiopulmonary disease; it is believed to result from peritoneopleural communication through a defect in the diaphragm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients underwent thoracoscopic pleurodesis. The diaphragmatic defect was detected and corrected in two cases. In all patients, an argon beam coagulator was applied to the diaphragm surface, which was then completely covered with bioabsorbable prostheses. We then spread 3 ml of fibrin glue on the covered diaphragm and sprinkled 5 KE of OK-432 and 100 mg of minocycline hydrochloride in the thoracic cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients showed clinical improvement. The pleural effusion and breathlessness resolved immediately after pleurodesis. There were two recurrences after 1 and 4 months, respectively. One of these patients improved after repeat pleurodesis; the other was treated conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our new technique of thoracoscopic pleurodesis is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax.
authors: Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. takayama@gornyo.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Takayama
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kurokawa
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kaiwa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ansai
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Chiba
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Inoue
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nakui
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Satomi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D006801:Humans; D006876:Hydrothorax / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010166:Palliative Care; D010844:Picibanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018700:Pleurodesis / Q000379:methods*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D010844:Picibanil; D008911:Minocycline