title: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS): Lifestyle intervention and 3-year results on diet and physical activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the 1) lifestyle intervention used in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, 2) short- and long-term changes in diet and exercise behavior, and 3) effect of the intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 522 middle-aged, overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance who were randomized to either a usual care control group or an intensive lifestyle intervention group. The control group received general dietary and exercise advice at baseline and had an annual physician's examination. The subjects in the intervention group received additional individualized dietary counseling from a nutritionist. They were also offered circuit-type resistance training sessions and advised to increase overall physical activity. The intervention was the most intensive during the first year, followed by a maintenance period. The intervention goals were to reduce body weight, reduce dietary and saturated fat, and increase physical activity and dietary fiber.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in each intervention goal. After 1 and 3 years, weight reductions were 4.5 and 3.5 kg in the intervention group and 1.0 and 0.9 kg in the control group, respectively. Measures of glycemia and lipemia improved more in the intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intensive lifestyle intervention produced long-term beneficial changes in diet, physical activity, and clinical and biochemical parameters and reduced diabetes risk. This type of intervention is a feasible option to prevent type 2 diabetes and should be implemented in the primary health care system.
authors: Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. jaana.lindstrom@ktl.fi
authors: Jaana
authors: J
authors: Lindström
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Louheranta
authors: Marjo
authors: M
authors: Mannelin
authors: Merja
authors: M
authors: Rastas
authors: Virpi
authors: V
authors: Salminen
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Eriksson
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Uusitupa
authors: Jaakko
authors: J
authors: Tuomilehto
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D015444:Exercise; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010808:Physical Examination; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats