title: Immunostimulatory DNA inhibits transforming growth factor-beta expression and airway remodeling.
abstract: Immunostimulatory sequences of DNA (ISS) inhibit eosinophilic airway inflammation, Th2 responses, and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in mouse models of acute ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation. To determine whether ISS inhibits airway remodeling, we developed a mouse model of airway remodeling in which OVA-sensitized mice were repeatedly exposed to intranasal OVA administration for 1-6 mo. Mice chronically exposed to OVA developed sustained eosinophilic airway inflammation and sustained AHR to methacholine compared with control mice. In addition, the mice chronically exposed to OVA developed features of airway remodeling, including thickening of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer, peribronchial myofibroblast accumulation, expression of the profibrotic growth factor transforming growth factor-beta, and subepithelial collagen deposition (assessed by quantitation of the area of peribronchial trichrome staining using image analysis, and immunostaining with anti-collagen V antibodies). Administration of ISS systemically every other week significantly inhibited the development of AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, airway mucus production, and importantly, airway remodeling in mice chronically exposed to OVA for 3-6 mo. In addition, ISS significantly reduced bronchoalveolar lavage and lung levels of the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta. These studies demonstrate that ISS prevents not only Th2-mediated airway inflammation in response to acute allergen challenge, but also airway remodeling associated with chronic allergen challenge.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0635, USA.
authors: Jae Youn
authors: JY
authors: Cho
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Miller
authors: Kwang Je
authors: KJ
authors: Baek
authors: Ji Won
authors: JW
authors: Han
authors: Jyothi
authors: J
authors: Nayar
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Sook Young
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Kirsti
authors: K
authors: McElwain
authors: Shauna
authors: S
authors: McElwain
authors: Eyal
authors: E
authors: Raz
authors: David H
authors: DH
authors: Broide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000378:metabolism; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D012137:Respiratory System; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin; D004247:DNA