title: Inspection method for the identification of TBT-containing antifouling paints.
abstract: In order to ensure the effectiveness of the international convention which will prohibit the use of organotin compounds in antifouling paints applied to ships, it is essential to establish an inspection system to determine the presence of the prohibited compounds in the paint. In the present study, a method for the identification of organotin containing antifouling paints using a two-stage analysis process is investigated. Firstly, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is utilized, which could be used at the place of ship surveys or port state control. Using a portable XRF instrument customized for ship inspection, analysis is automatically executed and determines whether tin is present or not. If the presence of tin is confirmed by XRF, the sample is subsequently examined at an analytical laboratory using more rigorous analytical techniques, such as gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A sampling device has been designed. It is a disc of approximately 10 mm diameter and has abrasive paper pasted to one of its flat surfaces. The device is pressed onto and then slid along a ship hull to lightly scrape off fragments of paint onto the abrasive paper. Preliminary field tests have revealed that sampling from a ship in dock yields successful collection of the paint for XRD analysis and that the resultant damage caused to the antifouling paint surface by the sampling technique was found to be negligible.
authors: National Maritime Research Institute, 6-38-1 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan. senda@nmri.go.jp
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Senda
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Miyata
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Kihara
authors: Yasujiro
authors: Y
authors: Yamada
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D033161:Government Regulation; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010150:Paint / Q000032:analysis*; D012767:Ships; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D009947:Organotin Compounds