Do Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses have similar increases in pulmonary vascular pressures during exertion?
To test the hypothesis that the pulmonary vascular pressures of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses behave similarly during exertion. Measurements were made on 5 Thoroughbred and 5 Standardbred horses on a treadmill at rest and during 3-minute exercise intervals at speeds predicted to produce 75%, 90%, and 100% maximal heart rate. Left forelimb acceleration, heart rate, esophageal pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure were measured continuously. Pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were measured during intermittent occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Breathing rate and gait frequency were the fundamental frequencies of the esophageal pressure and limb acceleration signals respectively. The ratio of speed:gait frequency gave stride length. The effects of exertion and breed were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. Exertion produced significant increases in pulmonary artery (P = 0.001), capillary (P = 0.002), and wedge (P = 0.005) pressures. No significant effect of breed was detected on pulmonary artery pressure, but at exertion pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were 15% (P = 0.03) and 23% (P = 0.04) greater in Thoroughbreds, respectively. Treadmill speed was approximately 12% greater (P = 0.04), stride length was approximately 25% greater (P = 0.0003), gait frequency was approximately 10% less (P = 0.006), breathing rate was approximately 10% less (P = 0.001), and heart rate was approximately 6% less (P = 0.06) for Thoroughbreds. There was no effect of breed on inspiratory or expiratory esophageal pressure although mean esophageal pressure was approximately 2 mmHg greater (P = 0.03) in exercising Standardbreds. In conclusion, pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures are greater in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds at similar fractions of maximal heart rate. This is compatible with the higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage observed in Thoroughbreds.
Hackett
R P
RP
Equine Performance Testing Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Ducharme
N G
NG
Gleed
R D
RD
Mitchell
L
L
Soderholm
L V
LV
Erickson
B K
BK
Erb
H N
HN
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001947:Breeding; D002196:Capillaries / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance