title: Potentized Mercuric chloride and Nux vomica facilitate water permeability in erythrocytes of a fresh-water catfish Clarius batrachus under acute ethanol intoxication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary biomolecular target of a homeopathic potency is unknown. If it is a plasma membrane protein such as water-channel protein, the drug would alter water permeation in cells. Therefore, the objective is to see if potentized homeopathic drugs like Mercuric chloride 30c and Nux vomica 30c could alter permeation of water through the erythrocytes of a fresh water fish under acute ethanol intoxication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The work was carried out in the Zoology Laboratory of Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Live freshwater catfish.
  
  
  METHODS
  Erythrocytes collected from fish with and without ethanol intoxication were incubated in distilled water at 30 degrees C for 30 minutes with Ethanol 30c (control), Merc cor 30c (test 1), and Nux vomica 30c (test 2). Merc cor 30c and Nux vom 30c were prepared by successive dilution of the respective mother tinctures with 90% ethanol (1:100) followed by sonication at 20 kHz for 30 seconds in 30 steps. Ethanol 30c was prepared in the same way from 90% ethanol diluted with 90% ethanol. In another experiment, fish were pretreated with Ethanol 30c and Nux vom 30c followed by ethanol injection at 2 g/kg of body weight. Then their erythrocytes were tested in vitro with the same potencies. After centrifugation of blood samples, fluid part was removed, erythrocyte pellets dried in a BioChemical Oxygen Demand (BOD; Atlas Surgical, New Delhi, India) incubator at 90 degrees C for 12 hours and intracellular water content measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Red blood cells (RBCs) from ethanol-injected fish permeated more water than those from normal fish. Water permeation was enhanced with Merc cor 30c and Nux vom 30c. RBCs from fish pretreated with Nux vom 30c imbibed more water in in vitro treatments than those from fish pretreated with Ethanol 30c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because water channel proteins or aquaporins are mainly responsible for water transport through the plasma membrane of RBCs, it is thought that potentized drugs interact with these proteins, thereby facilitating water influx in the cells.
authors: Department of Zoology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, and Sukul Institute of Homeopathic Research, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India. ksh_ncsukul@sancarnet.in
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Sukul
authors: A
authors: A
authors: De
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Sinhababu
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sukul
mesh_terms: D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002397:Catfishes; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031461:Strychnos nux-vomica
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D008627:Mercuric Chloride