title: The in vivo levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -8 in gingival crevicular fluid during initial orthodontic tooth movement.
abstract: Orthodontic force induces biochemical responses in the periodontal ligament (PDL), but the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent molecular mechanisms in orthodontically induced periodontal remodeling have remained unclear. Previous studies indicate that mechanical stress induces MMP-1 production in human PDL cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis whether the in vivo levels, molecular forms, and degree of activation of MMP-1 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) reflect an early stage of orthodontic tooth movement. Molecular forms of MMP-1 and MMP-8 were analyzed by Western blot, and MMP-8 levels by quantitative immunofluorometric assay (IFMA). The results showed that GCF MMP-8 levels for orthodontically treated teeth were significantly higher at 4-8 hrs after force application than before activation, and when compared with the control teeth (p < 0.05). Analysis of our data indicates that the cells within the periodontium are up-regulated to produce MMP-8, and the increased expression and activation of GCF MMP-8 reflect enhanced periodontal remodeling induced by orthodontic force.
authors: Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum Helsinki (4th floor, C407b), POB 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Satu.Apajalahti@Helsinki.fi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Apajalahti
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sorsa
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Railavo
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ingman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002648:Child; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1