title: Microfabricated needles for transdermal delivery of macromolecules and nanoparticles: fabrication methods and transport studies.
abstract: Arrays of micrometer-scale needles could be used to deliver drugs, proteins, and particles across skin in a minimally invasive manner. We therefore developed microfabrication techniques for silicon, metal, and biodegradable polymer microneedle arrays having solid and hollow bores with tapered and beveled tips and feature sizes from 1 to 1,000 microm. When solid microneedles were used, skin permeability was increased in vitro by orders of magnitude for macromolecules and particles up to 50 nm in radius. Intracellular delivery of molecules into viable cells was also achieved with high efficiency. Hollow microneedles permitted flow of microliter quantities into skin in vivo, including microinjection of insulin to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.
authors: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA.
authors: Devin V
authors: DV
authors: McAllister
authors: Ping M
authors: PM
authors: Wang
authors: Shawn P
authors: SP
authors: Davis
authors: Jung-Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Canatella
authors: Mark G
authors: MG
authors: Allen
authors: Mark R
authors: MR
authors: Prausnitz
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008954:Models, Biological; D036103:Nanotechnology; D011108:Polymers; D051381:Rats; D012825:Silicon; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008670:Metals; D011108:Polymers; D012825:Silicon