title: Therapies with potential toxicity of neuro-ophthalmic interest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several therapies have potential neuro-ophthalmic or ophthalmic complications. We reviewed the recent literature for relevant therapies that affect ocular function. In this review, we discuss a variety of toxic effects of antiepileptic drugs, endocrine drugs, and miscellaneous therapies (intravitreal silicone oil and TNF-alpha inhibitors).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pathogenesis of these side effects is quite heterogeneous affecting visual sensory function at the levels of the ciliary body, retina, optic nerve and chiasm, and central visual pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appropriate management requires prompt recognition of these associations. Practitioners should be familiar with these neuro-ophthalmic manifestations because they may present in the course of daily practice.
authors: The Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Upstate Medical University at Syracuse, Syracuse, New York 13202, USA.
authors: Joseph D
authors: JD
authors: Iuorno
authors: Kevin P
authors: KP
authors: Kolostyak
authors: Luis J
authors: LJ
authors: Mejico
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010110:Oxymetholone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D012827:Silicone Oils; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010110:Oxymetholone