title: Is the repetitive training of complex hand and arm movements beneficial for motor recovery in stroke patients?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a repetitive training of complex movements of arm and hand contributes to functional recovery in stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, longitudinal, multiple baseline design across individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurological rehabilitation centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline phase: 'house-typical' occupational and physiotherapy; training phase: 'house-typical' therapy supplemented by repetitive training of (1) grasping and transport movements and (2) sawing movements of the affected arm over 10 minutes each, twice daily, five days per week.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA, arm section), grip strength, rapid isotonic hand extension, three-dimensional motion analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients experienced a continuous functional improvement of the affected arm (RMA score from initial 4.9 +/- 2.1 to 8.0 +/- 4.6, p < 0.001) and an increase of grip strength during the baseline and the training phase (from initial 102.4 +/- 43.3 N to 150.6 +/- 118.9 N, p < 0.05). Movement analysis revealed a trend to a more precise movement execution. The repetitive training of complex movements did not result in an additional benefit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The repetitive training of complex movements does not further enhance the functional recovery of the affected arm and hand in stroke patients compared with functionally based occupational and physiotherapy.
authors: Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany. woldag@sachsenklinik.de
authors: Hartwig
authors: H
authors: Woldag
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Waldmann
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Heuschkel
authors: Horst
authors: H
authors: Hummelsheim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome