title: Electroconvulsive seizures induce proliferation of NG2-expressing glial cells in adult rat hippocampus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analysis of postmortem tissue from patients with major depression and bipolar disorder has revealed structural changes in several brain regions. We have shown that electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), used for the treatment of severe depression, induces proliferation of both neuronal and nonneuronal cells in the adult rat hippocampus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were subjected to one or several ECS treatments, then injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect cell proliferation. Animals were perfused either 1 day or 3 weeks following the last BrdU injection. Cells were double stained for BrdU and the cell type markers chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2), complement 3-receptor OX-42, 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), Ca(+) binding protein S100-beta, or neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified NG2-expressing cells as a major cell type proliferating in the rat dentate gyrus in response to ECS. A sharp increase in NG2-positive cell proliferation was seen 2 days after ECS, and a large number of NG2-expressing cells persisted at 3 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that antidepressant treatment can induce a strong proliferation of glial progenitor cells in the adult rat hippocampus. We propose that this may counteract degenerative changes found in depression and be an important neurobiological event underlying the clinical effect of electroconvulsive seizures.
authors: Molecular Psychiatry Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Malin
authors: M
authors: Wennström
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Hellsten
authors: Christine T
authors: CT
authors: Ekdahl
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Tingström
mesh_terms: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D030161:Avian Proteins; D051926:Basigin; D001798:Blood Proteins; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004597:Electroshock / Q000379:methods*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012640:Seizures / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases; D000941:Antigens; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D030161:Avian Proteins; D051926:Basigin; D001798:Blood Proteins; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D011509:Proteoglycans; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C102624:Bsg protein, Gallus gallus; C079432:Bsg protein, rat