title: Estimation of births averted due to breast-feeding and increases in levels of contraception needed to substitute for breast-feeding.
abstract: After contraceptive use, breast-feeding duration is the major determinant of the birth interval length. Three methods of estimating births averted by breast-feeding, and the increase in contraceptive use needed to substitute for breast-feeding, are presented. Method 1 simply utilizes Bongaarts' Ci, and the other two are based on mean birth intervals with and without breast-feeding. Estimates for each method are derived for six countries with DHS surveys from the mid-1990s: Burkina Faso, Uganda, India, Indonesia, Brazil and Peru. The estimated percentage of additional births that would occur if there were no breast-feeding ranged from 1-4%, in Brazil to about 50% in Burkina Faso and Uganda, reflecting very low breast-feeding in Brazil and very high levels in the sub-Saharan African nations. Strengths and limitations of the three methods are considered.
authors: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: Stan
authors: S
authors: Becker
authors: Shea
authors: S
authors: Rutstein
authors: Miriam H
authors: MH
authors: Labbok
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001723:Birth Rate; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003267:Contraception / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence