Effects on pain and anxiety of patients viewing their cystoscopy in addition to a detailed explanation: a controlled study.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of allowing patients to watch their cystoscopy on closed-circuit television and with an explanation during the procedure, with an explanation alone, as involving patients in the process of minimally invasive procedures like colonoscopy or colposcopy has been reported to alleviate pain and anxiety, but these effects may differ in patients who desire participation and those who do not.


METHODS
Of 51 patients undergoing cystoscopy for the first time, 27 watched the procedure and received explanations, and 24 received explanations alone. They completed an anxiety questionnaire and visual analogue scales (VAS) of anxiety before and after the procedure. Before the procedure they also completed an assessment of desire to be involved in medical decisions and procedures (Kranz Health Opinion Survey, KHOS), and afterwards recorded the pain they had experienced on a scale of 1-10.


RESULTS
Anxiety (assessed by VAS) declined after the procedure (P < 0.001) but the anxiety questionnaire showed no change. There was a positive correlation between the KHOS and VAS after the procedure; the more the patient was an 'information seeker' the higher the anxiety. Neither pain nor anxiety were affected by watching the monitor, whether or not KHOS scores were entered as a cofactor. Age and sex had no effect on the results. There were no complications.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no effect of watching the cystoscopy on anxiety and pain. Possibly the explanation received by both groups left no room for further improvement in the intervention group.
Kesari
D
D
Departments of Urology, Barzilai Medical Centre, Ashkelon, affiliated to Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. kesarid@hotmail.com
Kovisman
V
V
Cytron
S
S
Benjamin
J
J
D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D013690:Television