The application of a vulnerable populations conceptual model to rural health.
BACKGROUND
This article describes the application of the vulnerable populations conceptual model to rural health. Vulnerable populations are social groups who have an increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. Evidence of this differential in vulnerability or increased risk includes premature mortality, comparative morbidity, decreased functional status, and diminished quality of life.


METHODS
The vulnerable populations conceptual model postulates that there are interrelationships among resource availability, relative risk, and health status. Resource availability speaks to socioeconomic and environmental resources that are operationalized in this model as income, jobs, education, housing, availability of health care, quality of health care, and patterns of family and community life. Relative risk addresses the likelihood of exposure to risk factors and is reflected in lifestyle behaviors and choices and exposure to stressful events. Health status is operationalized as morbidity and mortality.


RESULTS
This review of the literature supports the utility of the vulnerable populations conceptual model in working with rural populations.


CONCLUSIONS
This model has potential utility to inform nursing research, practice, and policy about the opportunities and resources needed to achieve and maintain health in rural communities.
Leight
Susan Bragg
SB
Department of Nursing, Fairmont State College, Fairmont, West Virginia 26554, USA. sleight888@aol.com
D018672:Community Health Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016294:Models, Nursing; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012423:Rural Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035862:Vulnerable Populations