title: Normal values for Doppler echocardiographic assessment of heart valve prostheses.
abstract: Assessment of normal and abnormal function of heart valve prostheses remains challenging. Doppler echocardiography has been shown to allow hemodynamic evaluation in various clinical settings and has become the most widely used tool to assess prosthetic valve function. Prosthetic valves, even when they function normally, are to some degree obstructive to the blood flow. The normal values of gradients, pressure half-time, and effective orifice area depend on valve type and valve size. Doppler assessment of prosthetic valve function, thus, requires specification of valve type and valve size, and knowledge of the normal values. This study provides an updated overview on the available data of normal values to facilitate adequate interpretation of Doppler data.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Austria. raphael.rosenhek@univie.ac.at
authors: Raphael
authors: R
authors: Rosenhek
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Binder
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Maurer
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012016:Reference Values; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology