The effects of drinking-driving laws: a test of the differential deterrence hypothesis.
OBJECTIVE
Ontario introduced an Administrative Driver's Licence Suspension (ADLS) law in 1996, whereby a person with a blood alcohol level over the legal limit of 80 mg%, or who refused to provide a breath sample, would have his or her driver's licence suspended immediately for a period of 90 days. We test the differential deterrence hypothesis which would predict that social or lighter drinkers would be more affected by the Administrative Driver's License Suspension law than heavier drinkers.


METHODS
Data from the 1996 and 1997 cycles of the Ontario Drug Monitor, a general population survey of Ontario adults (monthly cross-sectional surveys), were employed (response rate 64-67%). Analyses were restricted to drivers who reported at least some drinking during the last year (n = 3827). The total number of drinks consumed during the past 12 months was analysed with analysis of variance.


RESULTS
We found that the mean alcohol consumption of those who reported drinking-driving increased significantly after the ADLS was introduced, whereas the alcohol consumption of those who did not drive after drinking remained the same.


CONCLUSIONS
The limits of this study include a lack of comparison data from regions without ADLS, a reliance on self-report measures, possible age restrictions of the findings and the fact that only an inferential test of the differential deterrence hypothesis is permitted by the data. Despite these limitations, these findings are consistent with the prediction that lighter or more moderate drinkers will tend to stop driving after drinking completely, and thus drop out of the drinking-driving population when the ADLS law was introduced, leaving heavier drinkers in this population. It will be important to continue to examine the dynamics of differential deterrence over a longer interval.
Mann
Robert E
RE
Social, Prevention and Health Policy Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. robert_mann@camh.net
Smart
Reginald G
RG
Stoduto
Gina
G
Adlaf
Edward M
EM
Vingilis
Evelyn
E
Beirness
Douglas
D
Lamble
Robert
R
Asbridge
Mark
M
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*