title: Guidelines for breast and ovarian cancer genetic counseling referral: adoption and implementation in HMOs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe referral guidelines for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) counseling among a group of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and awareness of such among primary care clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  An organizational assessment of plan policies and a primary care clinician survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the 7 HMOs reported having HBOC referral guidelines. Differences between plan's criteria included age of breast cancer onset, inclusion of male breast cancer, and second-degree relatives. Of the 91% clinicians responding, only half were aware of the HBOC guidelines. Awareness was higher in the plan with the most intense implementation effort (OR=3.0, 1.5-5.9) and among gynecologists (OR=2.8, 1.5-5.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although HBOC counseling guidelines within participating HMOs identify persons for referral that can be easily incorporated into routine practice, continued work is needed to better understand how to help primary care providers identify high-risk persons, and new models of providing genetic services may need to be considered.
authors: Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors: Judy
authors: J
authors: Mouchawar
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Valentine Goins
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Somkin
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Puleo
authors: Sharon
authors: S
authors: Hensley Alford
authors: Ann M
authors: AM
authors: Geiger
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Taplin
authors: Joyce
authors: J
authors: Gilbert
authors: Sheila
authors: S
authors: Weinmann
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Zapka
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012017:Referral and Consultation