Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP): anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential?
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP or gastric inhibitory polypeptide) is a gastrointestinal hormone, which modulates physiological insulin secretion. Due to its insulinotropic activity, there has been a considerable increase of interest in utilising the hormone as a potential therapy for type 2 diabetes. One of the difficulties in attempting to harness the insulinotropic activity of GIP into an effective therapeutic agent is its short biological half-life in the circulation. However, recent years have witnessed the development of a substantial number of designer enzyme-resistant 'super GIP' molecules with potent insulinotropic and anti-diabetic properties. In addition, observations in transgenic GIP receptor deficient mice indicate that GIP directly links overnutrition to obesity, therein playing a crucial role in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The present review aims to highlight the rapidly emerging potential therapeutic applications of GIP, and especially, enzyme-resistant GIP analogues.
Gault
Victor A
VA
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK. va.gault@ulster.ac.uk
O'Harte
Finbarr P M
FP
Flatt
Peter R
PR
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009765:Obesity
D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide