title: Nodule initiation involves the creation of a new symplasmic field in specific root cells of medicago species.
abstract: The organogenesis of nitrogen-fixing nodules in legume plants is initiated in specific root cortical cells and regulated by long-distance signaling and carbon allocation. Here, we explore cell-to-cell communication processes that occur during nodule initiation in Medicago species and their functional relevance using a combination of fluorescent tracers, electron microscopy, and transgenic plants. Nodule initiation induced symplasmic continuity between the phloem and nodule initials. Macromolecules such as green fluorescent protein could traffic across short or long distances from the phloem into these primordial cells. The created symplasmic field was regulated throughout nodule development. Furthermore, Medicago truncatula transgenic plants expressing a viral movement protein showed increased nodulation. Hence, the establishment of this symplasmic field may be a critical element for the control of nodule organogenesis.
authors: Institut des Sciences du Végétal-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
authors: Arnaud
authors: A
authors: Complainville
authors: Lysiane
authors: L
authors: Brocard
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Roberts
authors: Edna
authors: E
authors: Dax
authors: Noa
authors: N
authors: Sever
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Sauer
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Kondorosi
authors: Shmuel
authors: S
authors: Wolf
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Oparka
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Crespi
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029902:Medicago / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D031425:Plasmodesmata / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C024098:6-carboxyfluorescein