The living tree of nursing theories.
OBJECTIVE
Three behavioral theories have been used to develop major nursing theories: interactive, systems, and developmental.


OBJECTIVE
To provide a symbolic image as a framework for nurses to visualize the multitude of nursing theories starting with the first nurse theorist, Florence Nightingale.


METHODS
Published research articles, authors' experience, educational classes and workshops.


CONCLUSIONS
The Living Tree helps organize various nursing theories so a nurse can apply the theories to practice.
Tourville
Charlotte
C
United Hospital. JRINGALLS@msn.com
Ingalls
Karen
K
D001525:Behavioral Sciences; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016294:Models, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000266:history; D009742:Nursing Theory; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing / Q000266:history*; D013598:Systems Theory