title: [Outcome of repeated epididymal sperm aspiration or testicular sperm extraction in azoospermic patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of repeated percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three cycles of 31 cases of azoospermic patients which underwent at least two PESA or TESE for ICSI from January 2001 to December 2002 were collected. The sperm retrieval, fertilization, implantation and clinical pregnancy were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four cases underwent PESA and 7 cases underwent TESE. There were not any complications in these patients. Compared with the first cycle of 154 cases, the fertilization rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were 78.39% vs 73.64%, 19.68% vs 18.38% and 34.88% vs 37.91%, respectively(P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated PESA or TESE is safe and well tolerated in azoospermic patients. Compared with the first cycle, the differences of repeated PESA or TESE cycles in fertilization rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were not statistically significant.
authors: Reproductive Medicine Research Center, Affiliated 1st Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
authors: Jian-Ping
authors: JP
authors: Ou
authors: Guang-Lun
authors: GL
authors: Zhuang
authors: Can-Quan
authors: CQ
authors: Zhou
authors: Chang-Xi
authors: CX
authors: Wang
authors: Qian-Sheng
authors: QS
authors: Zhan
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Fang
authors: Yi-Min
authors: YM
authors: Shu
authors: Wen-Lin
authors: WL
authors: Peng
authors: Min-Fang
authors: MF
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*