title: Ribosomal protein L11 negatively regulates oncoprotein MDM2 and mediates a p53-dependent ribosomal-stress checkpoint pathway.
abstract: The gene encoding p53 mediates a major tumor suppression pathway that is frequently altered in human cancers. p53 function is kept at a low level during normal cell growth and is activated in response to various cellular stresses. The MDM2 oncoprotein plays a key role in negatively regulating p53 activity by either direct repression of p53 transactivation activity in the nucleus or promotion of p53 degradation in the cytoplasm. DNA damage and oncogenic insults, the two best-characterized p53-dependent checkpoint pathways, both activate p53 through inhibition of MDM2. Here we report that the human homologue of MDM2, HDM2, binds to ribosomal protein L11. L11 binds a central region in HDM2 that is distinct from the ARF binding site. We show that the functional consequence of L11-HDM2 association, like that with ARF, results in the prevention of HDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation, subsequently restoring p53-mediated transactivation, accumulating p21 protein levels, and inducing a p53-dependent cell cycle arrest by canceling the inhibitory function of HDM2. Interference with ribosomal biogenesis by a low concentration of actinomycin D is associated with an increased L11-HDM2 interaction and subsequent p53 stabilization. We suggest that L11 functions as a negative regulator of HDM2 and that there might exist in vivo an L11-HDM2-p53 pathway for monitoring ribosomal integrity.
authors: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ypzhang@mdanderson.org
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Gabrielle White
authors: GW
authors: Wolf
authors: Krishna
authors: K
authors: Bhat
authors: Aiwen
authors: A
authors: Jin
authors: Theresa
authors: T
authors: Allio
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Burkhart
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016158:Genes, p53; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025801:Ubiquitin; C027624:ribosomal protein L11; D003609:Dactinomycin; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2