title: Gamma knife radiosurgery in neuro-ophthalmology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following technological advances in imaging and dose planning made in the past decade, gamma knife radiosurgery has become more and more an established treatment for a wide range of indications of interest and import to the neuro-ophthalmology community. These areas include cavernous sinus lesions and sellar lesions (for which radiosurgery can be offered as adjuvant or in certain cases as primary treatment), cavernous sinus fistulae, parasellar syndromes, and pituitary tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occurrence of radiation-induced cranial nerve deficits and radiation-induced optic neuropathy are infrequent following radiosurgery to these areas, and perhaps radiation-induced necrosis is less prevalent than in conventional radio therapeutic interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gamma knife radiosurgery remains a compelling treatment for lesions of the cavernous sinus, pineal, and sellar regions and offers increasing applicability for ocular conditions such as uveal melanoma and glaucoma.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, USA.
authors: Petros E
authors: PE
authors: Carvounis
authors: Barrett
authors: B
authors: Katz
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000601:surgery; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery; D009462:Neurology / Q000379:methods*; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000379:methods*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000601:surgery; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery