title: Configuration of the straight veins and their intramural anastomoses in the human duodenum: an anatomical study using cast specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There have, hitherto, been no anatomical investigations of the intramural venous system of the duodenum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intramural longitudinal anastomoses of the straight veins in the human duodenum were investigated, using 15 latex resin cast specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The venous tree (with a straight vein as the trunk) was developed well, with numerous twigs (venules). We identified two types of longitudinal anastomoses between the straight veins; the direct and plexus-mediated types, with an equal incidence. The direct-type anastomosis was 0.1-0.5 mm in minimum diameter along the course and communicated in almost a straight line between the mother straight veins. In contrast, the plexus-mediated type was regarded as the thickest route (almost 0.1 mm) in the suggested submucosal venular network in the duodenal wall. These two types of anastomoses were distributed almost equally in most of the duodenum, although a relatively lower density was found in the superior portion. On the ventral side of the duodenum, the thicker straight veins had anastomotic branches significantly more frequently than the thinner ones (P = 0.0018). CONCLUSIONS; These results seemed to support the feasibility of Kocher mobilization, as well as the conventional poor preservation of the duodenal venous system during duodenum-preserving surgery. However, because the intramural longitudinal venous anastomoses were limited in number and location, we recommend preservation of the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein and either of the inferior venous arcades, in combination with their concomitant arteries, in exchange for the unavoidable sacrifice of Henle's trunk and the dorsal pancreatic vein.
authors: First Department of Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors: Yoichi
authors: Y
authors: Hata
authors: Gen
authors: G
authors: Murakami
authors: Mitsuhiro
authors: M
authors: Mukaiya
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Honma
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Hirata
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Aiko
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004386:Duodenum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology*