[Sister chromatid exchange (SCE)and high-frequency cells in workers professionally exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF)].
BACKGROUND
Up now no firm conclusions can be drawn on the genotoxicity of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Magnetic Fields (MF) in exposed workers: both an increase in chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) or no effects were observed in substation workers, while a slight increase in CA, but not in sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) or MN was reported in linesman; an increase in CA was observed in cable splicers and, more recently, in train engine drivers, but results have not been replicated.


OBJECTIVE
Objective of the study was an evaluation of possible genotoxicity of occupational exposure to ELF-MF.


METHODS
SCE, high-frequency cells (HFC) and SCE in HFC were measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 70 workers exposed to various levels of ELF-MF in different occupations, not involving exposure to known mutagens or carcinogens. In all participants, individual ELF-MF exposure was measured throughout the whole work-shift for 3 consecutive days by personal monitoring.


RESULTS
Time Weighted Average (TWA) values of ELF-MF in the whole group ranged from 0.01 to 3.48 microT; the geometric mean was 0.19 mT, and only 3 subjects exceeded 2 microT. According to the individual TWA exposure, subjects were divided into two groups: low exposed (< or = 0.2 microT) and highly exposed (> 0.2 microT). The mean values of SCE, HFC and SCE in HFC were compared between low and highly exposed: no significant differences were observed. The result was further tested by selection and comparison of workers exposed up to 0.1 microT vs. exposed > 0.4 microT only, i.e. excluding intermediate exposures: again no difference in genotoxicity indices was observed. Also multivariate analysis did not show any correlation between individual ELF-MF exposure and genotoxicity indices.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study do not give any support to the hypothesis that occupational exposure to ELF-MF up to about 2 microT, i.e. at the levels currently found in most workplaces, can exert a genotoxic effect in workers.
Gobba
F
F
Cattedra di Medicina del Lavoro con Elementi di Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy. f.gobba@unimore.it
Roccatto
L
L
Sinigaglia
Barbara
B
Temperani
Paola
P
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009790:Occupations; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D014611:Vaccination