title: Cognitive function, fatigue, and menopausal symptoms in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence that cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and menopausal symptoms may occur in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Here, we determine their incidence and severity, and interrelationships between them and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 110 women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy each nominated a female relative, friend, or neighbor (matched by age) as a control; 100 eligible matched pairs were evaluated. Patients and controls completed the following assessments: the High-Sensitivity Cognitive Screen, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) quality of life scale with subscales for fatigue (FACT-F) and endocrine symptoms (FACT-ES). They also performed tests of attention and reaction time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients and controls were well matched for age and level of education. There was a higher incidence of moderate or severe cognitive impairment in the patient group (16% v 4%; P =.008). Patients experienced much more fatigue than controls (median FACT-F scores, 31 v 46; P <.0001) and more menopausal symptoms (median FACT-ES scores, 58 v 64; P <.0001). Self-reported quality of life of the patients was poorer than for controls, especially in physical and functional domains (median FACT-G scores, 77 v 93; P <.0001). There was strong correlation between fatigue, menopausal symptoms, and quality of life (P <.0001 for each pair), but none were significantly associated with the presence of cognitive dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant chemotherapy causes cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and menopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer. Priority should be given to the study of strategies that might reduce these toxic effects.
authors: Princess Margaret Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Tchen
authors: Helen G
authors: HG
authors: Juffs
authors: Fiona P
authors: FP
authors: Downie
authors: Qi-Long
authors: QL
authors: Yi
authors: Hanxian
authors: H
authors: Hu
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Chemerynsky
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Clemons
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Crump
authors: Paul E
authors: PE
authors: Goss
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Warr
authors: Mary E
authors: ME
authors: Tweedale
authors: Ian F
authors: IF
authors: Tannock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires