title: Proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy: treatment and evolution.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by increased urinary albumin excretion and loss of renal function. Increased urinary albumin (proteinuria) is a key component of this disease. Previously, its development led to end-stage renal disease with increased mortality and morbidity for diabetic patients versus nondiabetic patients. Several treatment strategies currently exist that can prevent, slow, and even reverse diabetic nephropathy. New trials suggest that a multidisciplinary approach focused on optimizing metabolic and hypertensive control, in addition to the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists, is effective in halting the progression of disease. Screening and implementation of these strategies is needed to reverse the epidemic of diabetic renal disease.
authors: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo and Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Negri Bergamo Laboratories, Via Gavazzeni, 11, Bergamo 24125, Italy.
authors: Ruth C
authors: RC
authors: Campbell
authors: Piero
authors: P
authors: Ruggenenti
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Remuzzi
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D003404:Creatinine