title: Echocardiographic and hemodynamic evaluation of cardiovascular performance during laparoscopy of morbidly obese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of morbid obesity, pneumoperitoneum (PP) and body position on cardiac function during laparoscopy were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed on 10 obese patients (body mass index, BMI, 48.1+/-1.8 kg/m2) and 10 normal weight patients (BMI = 22.6+/-0.8 kg/m2) in supine, Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg positions before and after PP. Left ventricular end-systolic wall stress (LVESWS) was calculated from invasive blood pressure (BP) values and LV dimensions obtained by TEE. Diastolic filling was assessed by mitral valve and pulmonary vein flow velocities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LVESWS was higher in obese patients both at baseline (46.0+/-4.0 x 10(3) dyn/cm2) and with PP (69.3+/-8.2 x 10(3) dyn/cm2), than normal weight subjects (31.9+/-3.7 x 10(3) dyn/cm2 and 45.7+/-5.9 x 10(3) dyn/cm2; P <0.05 obese vs normal weight patients at baseline). Systolic BP was not different between groups at baseline (normal weight 111+/-4 mmHg, obese 119+/-3 mmHg), but increased significantly with PP only in obese patients (normal weight 129+/-6 mmHg, obese 157+/-8 mmHg; P <0.05). Postural changes during PP had no impact on cardiac function in either obese or normal weight subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anesthetized obese patients undergoing laparoscopy have higher LVESWS before pneumoperitoneum (due to increased end-systolic left ventricular dimensions) and during pneumoperitoneum (due to more pronounced increases in blood pressure). Since LVESWS is a determinant of myocardial oxygen demand, more aggressive control of blood pressure (ventricular afterload) in MO patients may be warranted to optimize the myocardial oxygen requirements.
authors: Department of Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Prior
authors: Juraj
authors: J
authors: Sprung
authors: James D
authors: JD
authors: Thomas
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Whalley
authors: Denis L
authors: DL
authors: Bourke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial