title: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography vs intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography for carotid imaging: activity-based cost analysis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the costs of performing contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE MRA) with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic disease. Activity-based cost analysis was used to identify the costs of performing each procedure. The variable direct costs of performing CE MRA and DSA were determined in 20 patients by using detailed time and motion studies. All personnel directly involved in the cases were tracked to the nearest minute and all consumable items used were recorded. Moreover, procedure times were prospectively recorded for an additional 80 patients who underwent both DSA and CE MRA. The variable direct costs of bed usage in the angiography day-case unit, all direct fixed costs as well as indirect costs were assessed from hospital and departmental accounting records. Total costs for each procedure were calculated and compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test. Mean aggregate costs were Euro 721 for DSA and Euro 306 for CE MRA, resulting in potential savings of Euro 415 per patient (p<0.0001). On average, a DSA procedure thus cost approximately 2.4 (95% confidence intervals: 2.2-2.6) times more than CE MRA to our medical institution. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of our conclusions across wide ranges of plausible values for various parameters. Assuming equal diagnostic performance, institutions may have substantial cost savings if CE MRA is used instead of DSA for carotid imaging.
authors: University Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
authors: Jean Marie
authors: JM
authors: U-King-Im
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Hollingworth
authors: Rikin A
authors: RA
authors: Trivedi
authors: Justin J
authors: JJ
authors: Cross
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Higgins
authors: Martin J
authors: MJ
authors: Graves
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Kirkpatrick
authors: Nagui M
authors: NM
authors: Antoun
authors: Jonathan H
authors: JH
authors: Gillard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common; D003287:Contrast Media; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007479:Iopamidol; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007479:Iopamidol; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA