title: Death-associated protein kinase promoter hypermethylation in normal human lymphocytes.
abstract: A high frequency of death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) promoter hypermethylation has been noted in B-cell malignancies, head and neck cancers, and other solid tumors, and it has been used as a tumor marker in molecular detection strategies. Low levels of DAPK promoter hypermethylation, ranging from 0.003 to 1.181%, were detected in peripheral blood cells from 75 of 143 (52%) normal subjects by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP). In 10 of 10 selected patients, MSP amplification of a portion of the DAPK promoter followed by PCR product sequencing confirmed dense hypermethylation of the CpG island in their peripheral blood cells. Q-MSP analysis of fluorescence-activated cell-sorted peripheral blood cells from three of these patients demonstrated that a significantly greater proportion of B cells (1.074-6.026%) were DAPK hypermethylated than were T cells, monocytes, or neutrophils, which were <0.06% hypermethylated. Further analysis after sorting of one subject's B cells into IgM+, IgM-, IgG+, and IgG- subpopulations demonstrated that DAPK hypermethylation was predominantly present in the IgM- compared with IgM+ B cells (3.338% versus 0.436%). DAPK promoter hypermethylation was found in IgM- B cells in normal individuals. The same hypermethylation identified in B-cell malignancies may reflect a clonal outgrowth of B cells arising from this compartment and may indicate a susceptibility to neoplastic transformation in a subset of B cells. Normal circulating lymphocytes with DAPK promoter hypermethylation may act as confounding factors in tumor detection based on DAPK hypermethylation.
authors: Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0910, USA.
authors: Ashok N
authors: AN
authors: Reddy
authors: Wei W
authors: WW
authors: Jiang
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Benoit
authors: Rodney
authors: R
authors: Taylor
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Clinger
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Sidransky
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Califano
mesh_terms: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D064550:Death-Associated Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases