title: Interferon can block telomere erosion and in rare cases result in hepatocellular carcinoma development with telomeric repeat binding factor 1 overexpression in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C could overcome telomere reduction in the liver, a possible risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative telomeric repeat content (RTC) in the liver was measured before and after IFN therapy in 21 chronic hepatitis C cases. Liver samples were obtained at average intervals of 12, 75, and 32 months in eight complete responders (CRs) and one biochemical responder (BR), four CRs in whom HCC developed after an eradication of hepatitis C virus, and eight nonresponders, respectively. Telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) was immunostained in specimens from CRs and a BR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the average RTC of 0.96 +/- 0.14 (mean +/- SD) significantly decreased to 0.85 +/- 0.12 after IFN therapy in nonresponders (P = 0.023), the value of 0.91 +/- 0.14 before IFN therapy in CRs and a BR increased significantly to 1.0 +/- 0.085 (P = 0.031). TRF1 expression was barely detectable and attenuated after IFN therapy, except in CRs developing HCC, in which frequent staining appeared, and the RTC evidently decreased from 0.97 +/- 0.11 to 0.63 +/- 0.0092 in corresponding noncancerous liver tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is strongly suggested that successful IFN therapy blocks telomere erosion, except in rare cases in which telomere reduction continues with overexpression of TRF1. Successive RTC evaluation in the liver may distinguish a risky case from a clinically cured one.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Cellular Function, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Igarashi
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Suda
authors: Hidenori
authors: H
authors: Hara
authors: Mitsuhiro
authors: M
authors: Takimoto
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Nomoto
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Takahashi
authors: Shogo
authors: S
authors: Okoshi
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Kawai
authors: Yusaku
authors: Y
authors: Mita
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Waguri
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Aoyagi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016615:Telomere; D035321:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D035321:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1