title: Cholera toxin protects against action by Clostridium difficile toxin A. The role of antisecretory factor in intestinal secretion and inflammation in rat.
abstract: The protein antisecretory factor (AF) inhibits intestinal fluid secretion induced by the cholera toxin (CT) and Clostridium difficile toxin A (CDA). The present work investigated whether CT-induced AF protects against the enterotoxin action by CDA. Rats were pretreated perorally with CT or buffer as control, whereafter CDA-induced fluid secretion and cytotoxicity was tested in vivo in ligated intestinal loops; the mucosal level of AF was estimated using the Western blot technique. Rats given repeated peroral doses of CT became tolerant to CDA, the inhibition of fluid secretion and of cytotoxicity being 79% in eight out of nine animals. The repeated CT-treatment also induced long-lasting rise of AF in the mucosal epithelium. Recombinant AF given either perorally or intravenously inhibited both fluid secretion and cytotoxicity by CDA; similar results were obtained with a truncated 16-mer AF peptide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  peroral CT-treatment induced tolerance to CDA in rat small intestine. The tolerance was probably mediated by AF induced via action of cholera toxin on the enteric nervous and immune system.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinical Bacteriology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. Ivar.Lonnroth@microbio.gu.se
authors: Ivar
authors: I
authors: Lönnroth
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Lange
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Jennische
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Johansson
authors: Ingela
authors: I
authors: Jonson
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Torres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C049628:antisecretory factor; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile; D002772:Cholera Toxin