title: [Extensive toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Diagnostic and therapeutic management].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the diagnostic and therapeutic management of extensive toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The files of all patients referred between December 1999 and December 2001 for the management of a severe, potentially sight-threatening toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis were retrospectively analyzed. The therapeutic strategy and the progression of intraocular inflammation are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen eyes of seven patients were finally included in the study. The sex ratio (F/M) and the mean age were respectively 4/3 and 44.5 years. Most of the patients were immunocompromised. Both eyes were initially affected in five cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after anterior chamber paracentesis in six cases. Retinal detachment was observed in three cases, initially or during follow-up. All patients were treated with a combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, but azithromycin was necessary in two cases. Clindamycin was used in two cases of allergy to sulfadiazine. Corticosteroids were associated in five cases. For all patients, infection and inflammation were finally controlled. The visual acuity improved more than two lines in four eyes and remained stable in seven other eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical diagnosis is still a challenge in severe cases of extensive toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. PCR is helpful in identifying Toxoplasma gondii DNA. A systemic immunosuppression is frequently associated with a positive PCR. Treatment is based on a standard antiparasitic association and steroids must be discussed for each case according to the intensity of inflammation and the degree of immunosuppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extensive ocular toxoplasmosis is a serious condition. The final prognosis depends on the location of the necrotic lesions, rapid diagnosis, and efficient treatment.
authors: Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 43, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Theaudin
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Bodaghi
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Cassoux
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Romand
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Le Mer
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Lemaitre
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Fardeau
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Thulliez
authors: P
authors: P
authors: LeHoang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003663:Decision Trees; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019152:Paracentesis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination; D002981:Clindamycin; D017963:Azithromycin; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D011739:Pyrimethamine