title: Nordexfenfluramine causes more severe pulmonary vasoconstriction than dexfenfluramine.
abstract: The anorectic agent dexfenfluramine (dex) causes the development of primary pulmonary hypertension in susceptible patients by an unknown mechanism. We compared the effects of dex with those of its major metabolite, nordexfenfluamine (nordex), in the isolated perfused rat lung and in isolated rings of resistance pulmonary arteries. Nordex caused a dose-dependent and more intense vasoconstriction, which can be inhibited by the nonspecific 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2 (5-HT(2)) blocker ketanserin. Similarly a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in dispersed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by nordex could be prevented by ketanserin. Unlike prior observations with dex, nordex did not inhibit K(+) current or cause depolarization in PASMCs. Removal of Ca(2+) from the tissue bath or addition of nifedipine (1 microM) reduced ring contraction to nordex by 60 +/- 9 and 63 +/- 4%, respectively. The addition of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a blocker of store-operated channels and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, caused a dose-dependent decrease in the ring contraction elicited by nordex. The combination of 2-APB (10 microM) and nifedipine (1 microM) completely ablated the nordex contraction. Likewise the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by cyclopiazonic acid markedly reduced the nordex contraction while leaving the KCl contraction unchanged. We conclude that nordex may be responsible for much of the vasoconstriction stimulated by dex, through the activation of 5-HT(2) receptors and that the [Ca(2+)](i) increase in rat PASMCs caused by dex/nordex is due to both influx of extracellular Ca(2+) and release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
authors: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
authors: Zhigang
authors: Z
authors: Hong
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Olschewski
authors: Helen L
authors: HL
authors: Reeve
authors: Daniel P
authors: DP
authors: Nelson
authors: Fangxiao
authors: F
authors: Hong
authors: E Kenneth
authors: EK
authors: Weir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020372:Dexfenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009642:Norfenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010477:Perfusion; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044348:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D044348:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D009642:Norfenfluramine; D020372:Dexfenfluramine; D002118:Calcium