title: Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery in the presence of renal artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To describe the technical considerations of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery in 3 complicated cases involving kidneys with renal arterial disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three candidates for nephron-sparing surgery each had a renal mass, measuring 5.0, 3.5, and 2.5 cm, respectively. The renal arterial pathologic features in the tumor-bearing kidney included renal artery stenosis treated by percutaneous angioplasty and stenting in 1 patient and upper pole intrarenal aneurysm in 1 patient; the final patient had previously undergone aortorenal bypass grafting. The preoperative serum creatinine in the 3 patients was 2.1, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/dL, respectively. Two patients had a solitary functioning kidney. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hilar clamping was performed in 2 patients and laparoscopic renal cryoablation in 1 patient. Laparoscopic Doppler ultrasonography was used in each case. The total operative time for the 3 patients was 2.3, 4.0, and 2.8 hours, respectively. The warm ischemia time in the first 2 cases was 28 and 39 minutes, respectively. The blood loss was 50, 400, and 100 mL. Pathologic examination revealed renal cell carcinoma in 2 cases and a calcified aneurysm in 1 case. The hospital stay was 7, 4, and 2 days. The postoperative serum creatinine level was 2.3, 1.4, and 2.5 mg/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery is a feasible alternative to open partial nephrectomy and can be successfully applied to select patients with a pathologic renal artery.
authors: Section of Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors: Andrew P
authors: AP
authors: Steinberg
authors: Sidney C
authors: SC
authors: Abreu
authors: Mihir M
authors: MM
authors: Desai
authors: Anup P
authors: AP
authors: Ramani
authors: Jihad H
authors: JH
authors: Kaouk
authors: Inderbir S
authors: IS
authors: Gill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012077:Renal Artery; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000150:complications*; D012449:Safety; D015607:Stents