title: Isocapnic hyperpnoea accelerates recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperventilation should speed up elimination of volatile anaesthetic agents from the body, but hyperventilation usually results in hypocapnia. We compared recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in patients allowed to recover with assisted spontaneous ventilation (control) and those treated with isocapnic hyperpnoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients were studied after approximately 1 h of anaesthesia with isoflurane. Control patients were allowed to recover in the routine way. Isocapnic hyperpnoea patients received 2-3 times their intraoperative ventilation using a system to maintain end tidal PCO(2) at 45-50 mm Hg. We measured time to removal of the airway and rate of change of bispectral index (BIS) during recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With isocapnic hyperpnoea, the time to removal of the airway was markedly less (median and interquartile range values of 3.6 (2.7-3.7) vs 12.1 (6.8-17.2) min, P<0.001); mean (SD) BIS slopes during recovery were 11.8 (4.4) vs 4.3 (2.7) min(-1) (P<0.01) for isocapnic hyperpnoea and control groups, respectively. Isocapnic hyperpnoea was easily applied in the operating room.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isocapnic hyperpnoea at the end of surgery results in shorter and less variable time to removal of the airway after anaesthesia with isoflurane and nitrous oxide.
authors: Department of Anesthesia, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5G 2C4.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Vesely
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Fisher
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Sasano
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Preiss
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Somogyi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: El-Beheiry
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Prabhu
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sasano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide