Microwave effects on the nervous system.
Studies have evaluated the electroencephalography (EEG) of humans and laboratory animals during and after Radiofrequency (RF) exposures. Effects of RF exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been generally accepted for exposures that are thermalizing. Low level exposures that report alterations of the BBB remain controversial. Exposure to high levels of RF energy can damage the structure and function of the nervous system. Much research has focused on the neurochemistry of the brain and the reported effects of RF exposure. Research with isolated brain tissue has provided new results that do not seem to rely on thermal mechanisms. Studies of individuals who are reported to be sensitive to electric and magnetic fields are discussed. In this review of the literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions concerning hazards to human health. The many exposure parameters such as frequency, orientation, modulation, power density, and duration of exposure make direct comparison of many experiments difficult. At high exposure power densities, thermal effects are prevalent and can lead to adverse consequences. At lower levels of exposure biological effects may still occur but thermal mechanisms are not ruled out. It is concluded that the diverse methods and experimental designs as well as lack of replication of many seemingly important studies prevents formation of definite conclusions concerning hazardous nervous system health effects from RF exposure. The only firm conclusion that may be drawn is the potential for hazardous thermal consequences of high power RF exposure.
D'Andrea
John A
JA
Naval Health Research Center Detachment, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235-5365, USA. john.dandrea@brooks.af.mil
Chou
C K
CK
Johnston
Sheila A
SA
Adair
Eleanor R
ER
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008872:Microwaves; D009420:Nervous System / Q000528:radiation effects; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena / Q000528:radiation effects; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage