title: Influence of inoculation method, spot inoculation site, and inoculation size on the efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water against pathogens on lettuce.
abstract: The influence of bacterial inoculation methods on the efficacy of sanitizers against pathogens was examined. Dip and spot inoculation methods were employed in this study to evaluate the effectiveness of acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW) and chlorinated water (200 ppm free available chlorine) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Ten pieces of lettuce leaf (5 by 5 cm) were inoculated by each method then immersed in 1.5 liters of AcEW, chlorinated water, or sterile distilled water for 1 min with agitation (150 rpm) at room temperature. The outer (abaxial) and inner (adaxial) surfaces of the lettuce leaf were distinguished in the spot inoculation. Initial inoculated pathogen population was in the range 7.3 to 7.8 log CFU/g. Treatment with AcEW and chlorinated water resulted in a 1 log CFU/g or less reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella populations inoculated with the dip method. Spot inoculation of the inner surface of the lettuce leaf with AcEW and chlorinated water reduced the number of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella by approximately 2.7 and 2.5 log CFU/g, respectively. Spot inoculation of the outer surface of the lettuce leaf with both sanitizers resulted in approximately 4.6 and 4.4 log CFU/g reductions of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, respectively. The influence of inoculation population size was also examined. Each sanitizer could not completely eliminate the pathogens when E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella cells inoculated on the lettuce were of low population size (10(3) to 10(4) CFU/g), regardless of the inoculation technique.
authors: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan. koseki@nfri.affrc.go.jp
authors: Shigenobu
authors: S
authors: Koseki
authors: Kyoichiro
authors: K
authors: Yoshida
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Kamitani
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Itoh
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D004572:Electrolysis; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine