Retinoid cycle in the vertebrate retina: experimental approaches and mechanisms of isomerization.
Retinoid cycle describes a set of chemical transformations that occur in the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial cells. The hydrophobic and labile nature of the retinoid substrates and the two-cell chromophore utilization-regeneration system imposes significant constraints on the experimental biochemical approaches employed to understand this process. A brief description of the recent developments in the investigation of the retinoid cycle is the current topic, which includes a review of novel results and techniques pertaining to the retinoid cycle. The chemistry of the all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol isomerization is also discussed.
Kuksa
Vladimir
V
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Box 356485, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Imanishi
Yoshikazu
Y
Batten
Matthew
M
Palczewski
Krzysztof
K
Moise
Alexander R
AR
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D004285:Dogs; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism*
C020932:11-cis-retinal-binding protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012176:Retinoids; D014801:Vitamin A; D012172:Retinaldehyde