title: Severe newborn encephalopathy unrelated to intrapartum hypoxic events: 3 case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Newborn encephalopathy is an important clinical problem associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and is pertinent in the assignment of blame in obstetrics litigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 3 babies with severe neonatal encephalopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 3 cases, intrapartum hypoxic insult was unlikely to be a significant contributing factor towards the development of neonatal encephalopathy. The aetiology was unclear in the first 2 cases and there was antecedent antenatal cause of feto-maternal haemorrhage in the last case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention of neonatal encephalopathy was not possible in these 3 cases. We recommend that umbilical cord blood gases be clearly documented in such cases to reduce unnecessary obstetrics litigation of intrapartum asphyxia as the significant contributing factor to the poor neonatal outcome. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion of antecedent causes and perform the necessary investigations to elucidate the aetiology of the neonatal encephalopathy.
authors: Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899.
authors: T C
authors: TC
authors: Tan
authors: T Y
authors: TY
authors: Tan
authors: K Y
authors: KY
authors: Kwek
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Tee
authors: V S
authors: VS
authors: Rajadurai
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015148:Cardiotocography; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal