title: [Complications of uretero-renoscopy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since its clinical introduction ureteroscopy (URS) has experienced an impressive development due to the technical improvements of new and smaller urological armamentarium. Currently, ureteroscopy is a worldwide procedure with a varied number of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. However, the technique has complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyse the complications of URS in a series of 4.645 ureteroscopic procedures performed from january 1990 to december 2001, 2972 (64%) female and 1673 (36) male. The objectives of URS were diagnostic (haematuria) and therapeutic (ureteral stones, tumors, strictures and placement of stents).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fever was the most frequent complication (11.7%), with sepsis in 15 patients. Another complications were: ureteral perforation (1.2%), ureteral avulsion (0.06%), renal injury (0.04%), extrusion (0.4%) and uretero-iliac fistulae (0.02%). The most common treatment was conservative with endourological approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carefully performed ureteroscopy is a superb tool for the urologist either for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes with a low ratio of complications. The majority of these complications can be solved with conservative management.
authors: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Alapont Alacreu
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Broseta Rico
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Pontones Moreno
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Oliver Amorós
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Palmero Martí
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Boronat Tormo
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Jiménez Cruz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*