title: Non-proliferative effects of lysophosphatidic acid enhance cortical growth and folding.
abstract: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that has extracellular signaling properties mediated by G protein-coupled receptors. Two LPA receptors, LPA(1) and LPA(2), are expressed in the embryonic cerebral cortex, suggesting roles for LPA signaling in cortical formation. Here we report that intact cerebral cortices exposed to extracellular LPA ex vivo rapidly increased in width and produced folds resembling gyri, which are not normally present in mouse brains and are absent in LPA(1) LPA(2) double-null mice. Mechanistically, growth was not due to increased proliferation but rather to receptor-dependent reduced cell death and increased terminal mitosis of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Our results implicate extracellular lipid signals as new influences on brain formation during embryonic development.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, ICND 118, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors: Marcy A
authors: MA
authors: Kingsbury
authors: Stevens K
authors: SK
authors: Rehen
authors: James J A
authors: JJ
authors: Contos
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Higgins
authors: Jerold
authors: J
authors: Chun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011247:Pregnancy; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid