title: A novel approach for freeze-frame video determination of volumetric blood flow in the rat retina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to quantify retinal hemodynamics using the freeze-frame technique for determining volumetric retinal blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leukocytes and erythrocytes were removed from the circulation of rats, stained with fluorescent dyes, returned to the animals' circulation, and excited to fluorescence using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The retinal circulation was videotaped and viewed frame-by-frame to count the total number of visible stained cells passing through the field of view during a known period of time while excluding repeated appearances of cells in multiple frames. The total number of cells visualized, in conjunction with cell density data collected in a coincident in vitro study, was used to calculate in vivo volumetric blood flow for both cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurements of volumetric blood flow based on fluorescent leukocytes (34.2 +/- 5.9 nL/sec [mean +/- standard deviation]; n = 30 rats) and fluorescent erythrocytes (35.1 +/- 6.1 nL/sec; n = 30 rats) were not significantly different, indicating that the freeze-frame technique provides a blood flow measurement independent of cell type. Repeated blood flow measurements obtained from an individual rat over time showed little difference (P < .0001), demonstrating the reproducibility of the technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The freeze-frame technique offers a promising method for calculating volumetric blood flow independent of individual cell velocity, size, or type.
authors: LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors: Bahram
authors: B
authors: Khoobehi
authors: Gholam A
authors: GA
authors: Peyman
authors: Leslie G
authors: LG
authors: Carnahan
authors: Randolph L
authors: RL
authors: Hayes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes