title: Transfer of neutralizing IgG to macaques 6 h but not 24 h after SHIV infection confers sterilizing protection: implications for HIV-1 vaccine development.
abstract: Passive transfer of high-titered antiviral neutralizing IgG, known to confer sterilizing immunity in pig-tailed monkeys, has been used to determine how soon after virus exposure neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) must be present to block a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/HIV chimeric virus infection. Sterilizing protection was achieved in three of four macaques receiving neutralizing IgG 6 h after intravenous SIV/HIV chimeric virus inoculation as monitored by PCR analyses of and attempted virus isolations from plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, and lymph node specimens. In the fourth animal, the production of progeny virus was suppressed for >4 weeks. A delay in transferring NAbs until 24 h after virus challenge resulted in infection in two of two monkeys. These results suggest that even if a vaccine capable of eliciting broadly reactive NAbs against primary HIV-1 were at hand, the Abs generated must remain at, or rapidly achieve, high levels within a relatively short period after exposure to virus to prevent the establishment of a primate lentivirus infection.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Nishimura
authors: Tatsuhiko
authors: T
authors: Igarashi
authors: Nancy L
authors: NL
authors: Haigwood
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Sadjadpour
authors: Olivia K
authors: OK
authors: Donau
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Buckler
authors: Ron J
authors: RJ
authors: Plishka
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Buckler-White
authors: Malcolm A
authors: MA
authors: Martin
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006678:HIV / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry*; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008251:Macaca; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012367:RNA, Viral