title: Gender differences in organ density in a rat simulated microgravity model.
abstract: Research investigating the physiological effects of microgravity on the human body has demonstrated a shift of body fluids in actual spaceflight and in simulated Earth-based microgravity models in both males and females, possibly causing many deleterious physiological effects. Twenty-five anatomically normal female (NF) and 20 ovariectomized (OE) Fischer 344 rats were randomly selected to be in an experimental (1 h of 45 degrees head-down tilt, 45HDT) or control (1 h of prone position) group. At the end of the hour experimental period, the density of the brain, lungs, heart, liver, and left and right kidneys were measured using spiral computed tomography (SCT) while the rats remained in their experimental positions. A sub-group of OE rats (N=6) was administered estrogen replacement therapy on a daily basis (5 micrograms/kg body weight, s.c.) for 4 days and then underwent 1 h of 45HDT and SCT analysis at one day, 2 days, and 5 days to determine if estrogen replacement therapy would alter organ densities. Our data demonstrate that 1 h of 45HDT produced significant increases (p<0.05) in the organ densities of the brain, liver, left kidney, and lung of the OE female group compared to their prone controls. However, only the brain density was significantly increased in the NF group. Estrogen replacement therapy caused a significant decrease in brain organ density at the 5 day time point compared to the 24 h time point. We conclude that estrogen plays a role in fluid distribution in a rat 45HDT model.
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Steele Memorial Children's Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, USA.
authors: Christopher Ryan
authors: CR
authors: Pettis
authors: Mark Lee
authors: ML
authors: Witten
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018495:Fluid Shifts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D009929:Organ Size; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012737:Sex Factors; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens