title: Hyperosmolarity enhances the lung capillary barrier.
abstract: Although capillary barrier deterioration underlies major inflammatory lung pathology, barrier-enhancing strategies are not available. To consider hyperosmolar therapy as a possible strategy, we gave 15-minute infusions of hyperosmolar sucrose in lung venular capillaries imaged in real time. Surprisingly, this treatment enhanced the capillary barrier, as indicated by quantification of the capillary hydraulic conductivity. The barrier enhancement was sufficient to block the injurious effects of thrombin, TNF-alpha, and H2O2 in single capillaries, and of intratracheal acid instillation in the whole lung. Capillary immunofluorescence indicated that the hyperosmolar infusion markedly augmented actin filament formation and E-cadherin expression at the endothelial cell periphery. The actin-depolymerizing agent latrunculin B abrogated the hyperosmolar barrier enhancement as well as the actin filament formation, suggesting a role for actin in the barrier response. Furthermore, hyperosmolar infusion blocked TNF-alpha-induced P-selectin expression in an actin-dependent manner. Our results provide the first evidence to our knowledge that in lung capillaries, hyperosmolarity remodels the endothelial barrier and the actin cytoskeleton to enhance barrier properties and block proinflammatory secretory processes. Hyperosmolar therapy may be beneficial in lung inflammatory disease.
authors: Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York 10019, USA.
authors: Zeenat
authors: Z
authors: Safdar
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Ichimura
authors: Andrew C
authors: AC
authors: Issekutz
authors: Sadiqa
authors: S
authors: Quadri
authors: Jahar
authors: J
authors: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002196:Capillaries / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015820:Cadherins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013395:Sucrose