title: Regulation of endogenous reactive oxygen species in platelets can reverse aggregation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While much is known about the normal activation of platelets, there have been few observations demonstrating reversibility of the aggregation process. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) has been shown to cause platelet disaggregation. In addition, NO is a known potent inhibitor of platelet function. In this study, the role of PI3-kinase in the regulation of endogenous platelet NO and the relevance to platelet function was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of platelets with PI3-kinase inhibitors led to a dose-dependent increase in platelet NO and cGMP levels that were temporally related to the period of platelet disaggregation. Addition of ferroheme myoglobin eliminated both the augmented NO release and disaggregation. PI3-kinase inhibition decreased the functional activation of NADPH oxidase and this corresponded to decreased superoxide release. To confirm these findings, platelets from NOS III-deficient mice were studied. These platelets did not release NO, and PI3-kinase inhibition led to decreased superoxide but not platelet disaggregation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these results indicate that platelet-derived NO contributes to the process of platelet disaggregation. PI3-kinase plays a role in regulating NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide in platelets and, by altering the bioactivity of platelet NO, may be a potential method for reversing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Clutton
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Miermont
authors: Jane E
authors: JE
authors: Freedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D002118:Calcium; D002867:Chromones; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D009211:Myoglobin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse