title: White matter hyperintensity progression and late-life depression outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are bright foci seen in the parenchyma of the brain on T2-weighted cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and are associated with geriatric depression. Because they are associated with age, they should increase in number and size over time. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal, volumetric MRI study of WMHs in depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if WMH progression over 2 years influences depression outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 2 years, depressed subjects received antidepressant treatment according to a naturalistic somatic treatment algorithm designed to offer the best possible treatment to the individual. After the treatment period, depressed subjects were dichotomized based on whether they had reached and sustained remission during this period.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-three subjects aged 60 years or older meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cranial MRI was obtained at baseline and approximately 2 years later. White matter hyperintensity volume was measured in each hemisphere using a semiautomated segmentation process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were dichotomized based on achieving or not achieving remission of depressive symptoms, defined as a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score of 8 or less.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depressed subgroup that achieved and sustained remission had significantly less increases in WMH volume (11.5%) than did the group that did not achieve or sustain remission (31.6%) (P =.01). In a regression model, greater change in WMH volume was significantly associated with failure to sustain remission (P =.004) even when controlling for baseline depression severity, medical illness severity, age, sex, and race. Education was associated with achieving and sustaining remission (P =.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater progression of WMH volume is associated with poor outcomes in geriatric depression. Future work is needed to develop means of slowing the rate of WMH progression and to determine whether this will lead to improved depression outcomes in elderly persons.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3903, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Taylo066@mc.duke.edu
authors: Warren D
authors: WD
authors: Taylor
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Steffens
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: MacFall
authors: Douglas R
authors: DR
authors: McQuoid
authors: Martha E
authors: ME
authors: Payne
authors: James M
authors: JM
authors: Provenzale
authors: K Ranga Rama
authors: KR
authors: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents