title: Enhancement of in vivo antitumor activity of classical anticancer agents by combination with the new, glutathione-interacting DNA minor groove-binder, brostallicin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brostallicin (PNU-166196) is a alpha-bromoacrylic DNA minor groove binder, currently in clinical evaluation. This drug has the peculiarity of showing enhanced antitumor activity in cells with high glutathione S-transferase (GST)/glutathione content. The purpose of the study was to study multiple combinations of brostallicin with classical anticancer agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cis-dichloro-diammine-platinum (cDDP)/brostallicin combination was tested in the human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) model transplanted in nude mice. Two treatment schedules were tested: cDDP followed by brostallicin 48 h after or brostallicin followed by cDDP. These two schemes were selected from the observation that tumor cells in vitro show an increased activity of GST 48 h after cDDP treatment. The HCT-116 model was used also to test the irinotecan (cPT-11)/brostallicin combination. The effect of brostallicin in combination with doxorubicin (DX) was studied in the i.v. injected murine L1210 leukemia. Three administration schedules were tested. The antitumor activity of brostallicin and Taxotere was tested on the A549 lung cancer xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In line with the increased GST activity observed after treatment with cDDP, the cDDP/brostallicin interaction was sequence-dependent, leading to a more than additive antitumor effect, without additional toxicity, only when cDDP was given before brostallicin. The antitumor effect of CPT-11 was enhanced significantly by brostallicin cotreatment. A more than additive antitumor effect, without additional toxicity, was observed when DX/brostallicin were sequentially administered in L1210-bearing mice. Finally, additivity was observed when brostallicin/Taxotere simultaneous combination was tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the precise molecular mechanism of interaction between brostallicin and the other tested cytotoxics has not yet been identified, a clear therapeutic gain is observed in preclinical models when brostallicin is combined with anticancer agents such as cDDP, DX, CPT-11, and Taxotere. These results indicate the potential therapeutic value of brostallicin in cancer combination treatment therapy.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors: Maria Antonietta
authors: MA
authors: Sabatino
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Colombo
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Geroni
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Marchini
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Broggini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006146:Guanidines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077146:Irinotecan; D007939:Leukemia L1210 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D000077146:Irinotecan; D004317:Doxorubicin; D004247:DNA; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D002945:Cisplatin; C455279:brostallicin; D002166:Camptothecin