title: Using synchrotron-based FT-IR microspectroscopy to study erucamide migration in 50-micron-thick bilayer linear low-density polyethylene and polyolefin plastomer films.
abstract: The diffusion of additives in thick (approximately 500 microns) single layer and multilayer films has been characterized using FT-IR microspectroscopy. The objective of this research was to investigate additive migration and concentration profiles in coextruded multilayer films of industrially relevant thicknesses. In particular, the investigation focused on the migration of an erucamide slip agent in 50-micron-thick coextruded bilayer films of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and a polyolefin plastomer (POP). Erucamide concentration profiles were successfully mapped using synchrotron-based FT-IR microspectroscopy. The synchrotron radiation helped to achieve a higher spatial resolution for the thin films. Meticulous sample preparation was needed to map the thin film samples. Results with FT-IR microspectroscopy showed that the additive-concentration profiles were relatively uniform across the multilayer-film thickness irrespective of the intended initial additive distribution. For example, a bilayer planned for 1 wt % erucamide in an LLDPE layer and no erucamide in a POP layer showed significant additive migration into the POP layer at the extrusion rates used. FT-IR microspectroscopy results also showed that more erucamide migrated to the surface of a POP layer than an LLDPE layer. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy was used to confirm the time-dependent increase of erucamide surface concentration and that the increase was more pronounced at the surface of the POP layers.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0909, USA.
authors: Shilpa Y
authors: SY
authors: Sankhe
authors: Douglas E
authors: DE
authors: Hirt
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D004883:Erucic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000379:methods; D015591:Microspectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D009038:Motion; D011090:Polyenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D017356:Synchrotrons
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004883:Erucic Acids; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011090:Polyenes; C049508:erucyl amide; C035051:PL 732; D020959:Polyethylene