title: Fundus autofluorescence imaging compared with different confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the advent of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (cSLO), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) resulting mainly from lipofuscin accumulation on the level of the retinal pigment epithelium can be visualised in vivo. Various cSLOs are available to document FAF. The authors analysed and compared results of FAF using three different instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight eyes of eight normal volunteers and 18 eyes of 12 patients with different retinal diseases (age related macular degeneration, macular dystrophy, central serous retinopathy) were examined. FAF images were recorded from each subject with the Heidelberg retina angiograph (HRA), the Rodenstock cSLO (RcSLO) and the Zeiss Prototype SM 30-4024 (ZcSLO). For excitation an argon laser (488 nm) was used (barrier filter: HRA 500 nm; RcSLO 515 nm; ZcSLO 521 nm). 32 FAF images were aligned and averaged using the same software for all cSLOs. FAF distribution was measured and grey scale values as well as root mean square (RMS) contrast were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of all subjects was 55.5 (SD 21.4) years. The maximum grey scale value averaged across all eyes was 76.19 (39.34) for the HRA, 61.44 (22.12) for the ZcSLO and 37.0 (9.97) for the RcSLO. The RMS contrast was 0.46 (0.20) for the ZcSLO, 0.40 (0.12) for the HRA, and 0.13 (0.05) for the RcSLO. The differences between the cSLOs were statistically significant with higher grey scale levels and more contrast for the HRA and ZcSLO than the RcSLO (repeated measures ANOVA; p<0.0001). The differences between the HRA and the ZcSLO were not significant (post hoc comparisons; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All cSLOs allow clinically useful FAF imaging in retinal diseases. However, grey scale levels and contrast were much lower on the RcSLO. Therefore, RcSLO images appear much darker than HRA or ZcSLO images. Furthermore, not all cSLOs have a fixed photodetector gain and a standardised value for the argon laser amplification, which is mandatory for an absolute comparison of FAF imaging results.
authors: Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK. Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bellmann
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Rubin
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Kabanarou
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Bird
authors: F W
authors: FW
authors: Fitzke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*