title: JNK-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 63 mediates nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) potentiate transcriptional activity of c-Jun by phosphorylating serines 63 and 73. Moreover, JNK and c-Jun can modulate apoptosis. However, an involvement of nitric oxide (NO)-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun on Ser-63 and Ser-73 in apoptosis has not been explored. We report that in SH-Sy5y neuroblastoma cells, NO induced apoptosis following JNK activation and phosphorylation of c-Jun almost exclusively on Ser-63. Importantly, NO-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were inhibited in cells stably transformed with dominant-negative c-Jun in which Ser-63 is mutated to alanine (S63A), but not in cells transformed with dominant-negative c-Jun (S73A). Ser-63 of c-Jun (but not Ser-73) was required for NO-induced, c-Jun-dependent transcriptional activity. NO-induced apoptosis, Ser-63 phosphorylation of c-Jun, and caspase-3 activity were all inhibited in SH-Sy5y cells transformed with dominant-negative jnk. A caspase-3 inhibitor prevented apoptosis but not c-Jun phosphorylation. In a different neuroblastoma cell line, NO-induced Ser-63 phosphorylation of c-Jun and apoptosis were blocked by a specific JNK inhibitor. We conclude that NO-inducible apoptosis is mediated by JNK-dependent Ser-63 phosphorylation of c-Jun upstream of caspase-3 activation in neuroblastoma cells.
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Zhiwei
authors: Z
authors: Feng
authors: Alan G
authors: AG
authors: Porter
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012694:Serine; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases