Calcineurin signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: how yeast go crazy in response to stress.
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ca(2+) signaling mediated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, is required for survival during environmental stress. One role of the phosphatase under these conditions is to activate gene expression through its regulation of the Crz1p ("crazy") transcription factor. Calcineurin dephosphorylates Crz1p and causes its rapid translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Crz1p then activates the transcription of genes whose products promote cell survival. Recent studies concerning the regulation of Crz1p by calcineurin are discussed in this review and the mechanisms by which calcineurin controls gene expression in yeast and mammalian cells are compared.
Cyert
Martha S
MS
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94306, USA. mcyert@stanford.edu
D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
C109868:CRZ1 protein, S cerevisiae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019703:Calcineurin