title: [Clinicopathologic analysis of 154 cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the bones of hands and feet].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical and pathologic features of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the bones of hands and feet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, X-ray and pathologic features of 154 cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the bones of hands and feet between 1991 and 2002 were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the bones of hands and feet the frequency and distribution of many lesions were distinctive when compared to those of other skeletal sites. Cartilaginous lesions were most common (60%), and 72% of them were enchondromas. Enchondromas were most often situated in the second to fifth phalanges and metacarpal bones. Chondroblastomas most frequently involved the irregular bones (such as calcaneus, talus and osnaviculare) of the feet. Whereas the occurance of osteochondromas in the bones of the hands and feet was lower than in the long bones. Most "osteochondromas" of the phalanges were subungual exostoses. A group of reactive or reparative lesions, which are related to trauma, such as subungual exostosis, giant cell reparative granuloma, florid reactive periostitis and bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations typically occurred in the bones of the hands and feet, but these tumor-like lesions were often misdiagnosted. Another feature of lesions in the bones of the hands and feet was that there were much more benign than malignant lesions (21:1), and that chondrosarcomas were common in malignancies. The diagnostic criteria for benign and malignant cartilaginous tumors in the bones of hands and feet were different from those in long bones and flat bones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone tumors of the hands and feet are different from that of long bones, flat bones and axial bones. Because the hands and feet are frequently exposed to trauma, reactive and reparative lesions often occur in these sites. These tumor-like lesions may simulate benign and malignant neoplasia. Knowledge of different types of lesions which commonly affect these sites is of benefit in assessing lesions of the bones of hands and feet.
authors: Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Attached to Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors: Zhi-ming
authors: ZM
authors: Jiang
authors: Hui-zhen
authors: HZ
authors: Zhang
authors: Jie-qing
authors: JQ
authors: Chen
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000473:pathology*; D002804:Chondroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D002812:Chondroma / Q000473:pathology; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D005528:Foot; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D015831:Osteochondroma / Q000473:pathology