title: Are mechanical valves with enhanced inner diameter advantageous in the small sized aortic annulus?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical bileaflet valves with enhanced inner diameter may offer superior hemodynamic properties in patients with a small aortic annulus. The aim of this clinical study was to compare these valves with standard bileaflet prostheses in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mechanical aortic valve replacement for combined stenosis and regurgitation was performed in 47 patients with standard CarboMedics prostheses (CM: 21 mm, 23 mm, 25 mm) and two types of diameter enhanced St. Jude Medical prostheses (SJM-AHPJ: 21 mm, 23 mm, 25 mm; SJM-Regent: 21 mm, 23 mm). Transvalvular mean gradients (TVG) were assessed intraoperatively by means of transesophageal echocardiography (TVG(TEE)) and simultaneous direct pressure monitoring of the left ventricle and the ascending aorta (TVG(CATH)), as well as early (3 months) and late (9 months) postoperatively by means of transthoracic echocardiography (TVG(TTE)). Left ventricular muscle mass was assessed preoperatively, early, and late postoperatively to evaluate remodeling capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all valve types and sizes, both TVG assessments exhibited consistent findings. Small-sized conventional valves of 21 mm showed a marked initial TVG. In contrast, both valve types with enhanced inner diameter exhibited significantly lower TVG comparable with those achieved with larger valves (TVG(CATH) CM 21 mm, 15.6 +/- 3.9 mm Hg; SJM-AHPJ 21 mm, 11.9 +/- 1.6 mm Hg; SJM-Regent 21 mm, 9.9 +/- 1.1 mm Hg; CM 23 mm, 7.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg; SJM-AHPJ 23 mm, 7.7 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; SJM-Regent 23 mm, 9.5 +/- 1.8 mm Hg). During the postoperative course TVG remained constant in all valve types and sizes. Left ventricular muscle mass, however, diminished markedly in all valves without exhibiting significant differences between size matched valve types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with a small aortic annulus, who require a 21-mm valve, diameter-enhanced prostheses provide lower transvalvular gradients than conventional valves. However, in the intermediate clinical course, appropriate left ventricular remodeling occurred in all patients independent of the size and the type of the valve.
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Hospital Jena, Germany. j.albes@immanuel.de
authors: Johannes M
authors: JM
authors: Albes
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Hartrumpf
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Rudolph
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Krempl
authors: Egbert
authors: E
authors: Hüttemann
authors: Rüdiger
authors: R
authors: Vollandt
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Wahlers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome