title: 4G/4G genotype of PAI-1 gene is associated with reduced risk of stroke in elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the main inhibitor of fibrinolysis, and high levels may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The 4G/5G polymorphism affects PAI-1 gene transcription with lower levels of plasma PAI-1 in the presence of the 5G allele. We investigated whether plasma PAI-1 and 4G/5G genotype would predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events at old age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative risks for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality were obtained in strata of PAI-1 activity and 4G/5G genotype in a population-based study of 637 Dutch elderly with 7.8 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4G/4G genotype was associated with a decreased risk of stroke (relative risk [RR]=0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9), transient ischemic attack (RR=0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.8), and cardiovascular mortality (RR=0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.0) after adjustment for age, sex, and time of blood sampling. 4G carriers had an increased risk of myocardial infarction, but this was not statistically significant. Subjects with high plasma PAI-1 activity were at increased risk of stroke (RR=3.3 in highest versus lowest tertile; 95% CI, 1.5 to 7.1), cardiovascular mortality (RR=2.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.4), and all-cause mortality (RR=1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide support for a protective effect of the 4G allele against stroke, which is notable given the direct relationship between stroke and PAI-1 activity. We hypothesize that a local increase in tissue PAI-1 associated with the 4G allele may stabilize plaques, thereby reducing the risk of cerebrovascular disease.
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
authors: Tiny
authors: T
authors: Hoekstra
authors: Johanna M
authors: JM
authors: Geleijnse
authors: Cornelis
authors: C
authors: Kluft
authors: Erik J
authors: EJ
authors: Giltay
authors: Frans J
authors: FJ
authors: Kok
authors: Evert G
authors: EG
authors: Schouten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1