title: Violence does not influence early pregnancy loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between physical violence, controlling behavior, and spontaneous abortion (SAB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nested case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency department of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand one hundred ninety-nine pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical violence and controlling behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases experienced a SAB (n = 392) and controls maintained their pregnancy through 22 weeks (n = 807). Fifteen percent of women reported violence during the pregnancy, and 49% had reported one or more past episodes of violence. We found no relationship between any measure of physical violence (past, current, or by perpetrator) and the risk of SAB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although physical violence was very prevalent in the study population, exposure to violence did not influence the risk of SAB.
authors: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA. dnelson@cceb.med.upenn.edu
authors: Deborah B
authors: DB
authors: Nelson
authors: Jeane Ann
authors: JA
authors: Grisso
authors: Marshall M
authors: MM
authors: Joffe
authors: Colleen
authors: C
authors: Brensinger
authors: Roberta B
authors: RB
authors: Ness
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: McMahon
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Shaw
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Datner
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D001519:Behavior; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence