Toll-like receptors: balancing host resistance with immune tolerance.
Recent advances in the field of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have established their importance for acute innate immune responses and their fundamental requirement for initiation of CD4(+) T-cell responses. Current directions in the field have been towards understanding the role of cytokines secreted by professional antigen-presenting cells in response to TLR ligands and also pathological manifestations in terms of increased production of rheumatoid factors due to TLR ligation on B cells. Thus, it is becoming clear that TLRs are important for induction of adaptive immune responses, but misguided responses can lead to autoimmune pathology.
Pasare
Chandrashekhar
C
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Medzhitov
Ruslan
R
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007109:Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors