title: Induction of operational tolerance and generation of regulatory cells after intratracheal delivery of alloantigen combined with nondepleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously showed that intratracheal delivery of alloantigen induced prolonged survival of fully allogeneic cardiac grafts in mice. Here, this treatment protocol was combined with nondepleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to induce operational tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  CBA (H-2k) mice were pretreated with intratracheal delivery of whole splenocytes from C57BL/10 (H-2b) mice or a 15-mer Kb peptide, with or without intraperitoneal administration of nondepleting anti-CD4 mAb (YTS177). Seven days later, C57BL/10 hearts were transplanted into the pretreated CBA mice. In addition, some naive CBA mice underwent adoptive transfer of splenocytes from pretreated CBA mice and transplantation of a C57BL/10 heart on the same day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Untreated CBA mice rejected C57BL/10 cardiac grafts acutely (median survival time, 12 days). Mice given intratracheal delivery of whole splenocytes or Kb peptide demonstrated prolonged graft survival (median survival time, 84 and 76 days, respectively). Concurrent administration of YTS177 and intratracheal delivery of splenocytes or Kb peptide resulted in indefinite graft survival. Mice with long-surviving C57BL/10 cardiac grafts showed acceptance of skin grafts from C57BL/10 mice but not BALB/c mice, demonstrating that operational tolerance had been induced. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice pretreated with intratracheal delivery of splenocytes or Kb peptide plus YTS177 induced indefinite survival of cardiac grafts in secondary recipients, indicating that regulatory cells had been generated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a murine model, intratracheal delivery of donor splenocytes or Kb peptide combined with YTS177 induced operational tolerance and generated regulatory cells.
authors: Third Department of Surgery, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Aramaki
authors: Nozomu
authors: N
authors: Shirasugi
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Y
authors: Akiyama
authors: Tadatoshi
authors: T
authors: Takayama
authors: Motohide
authors: M
authors: Shimazu
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Kitajima
authors: Yoshifumi
authors: Y
authors: Ikeda
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Niimi
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D007519:Isoantigens; D010446:Peptide Fragments