title: Beta-endorphin concentration after administration of sucrose in preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sucrose is an effective analgesic for procedural pain in preterm infants. It has been hypothesized that its analgesic effects are mediated by the release of endogenous opioid neurotransmitters such as beta-endorphin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether intraoral administration of sucrose was associated with an increase in serum beta-endorphin concentrations in preterm infants with a gestation period less than 29 weeks who were not exposed to a painful stimulus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective open-label study in preterm infants admitted to 2 tertiary neonatal intensive care units. Each infant received a single dose of 30% sucrose intraorally during a 1- to 2-minute period. A blood sample was obtained using an indwelling arterial catheter to determine beta-endorphin concentration immediately before and 2 to 5 minutes after the commencement of sucrose administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 11 preterm infants with a mean +/- SD gestational age of 27.2 +/- 0.9 weeks and a mean +/- SD birth weight of 1018 +/- 238 g (1.02 +/- 0.24 kg) at a mean +/- SD postnatal age of 3.0 +/- 2.5 days. The mean +/- SD beta-endorphin concentration before and after sucrose administration was 60.4 +/- 30.5 pg/mL and 57.4 +/- 22.4 pg/mL, respectively (P =.45). No adverse events were observed during the study procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoral administration of sucrose in preterm infants did not lead to an increase in serum beta-endorphin concentrations at a point in time when the analgesic effects of sucrose were presumed to be present.
authors: Department of Pharmacy and Population Health Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Graduate Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada. anna.taddio@sickkids.ca
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Taddio
authors: Vibhuti
authors: V
authors: Shah
authors: Prakesh
authors: P
authors: Shah
authors: Joel
authors: J
authors: Katz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose; D001615:beta-Endorphin