title: Clinical and molecular delineation of the Greig cephalopolysyndactyly contiguous gene deletion syndrome and its distinction from acrocallosal syndrome.
abstract: Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is caused by haploinsufficiency of GLI3 on 7p13. Features of GCPS include polydactyly, macrocephaly, and hypertelorism, and may be associated with cognitive deficits and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. GLI3 mutations in GCPS patients include point, frameshift, translocation, and gross deletion mutations. FISH and STRP analyses were applied to 34 patients with characteristics of GCPS. Deletions were identified in 11 patients and the extent of their deletion was determined. Nine patients with deletions had mental retardation (MR) or developmental delay (DD) and were classified as severe GCPS. These severe GCPS patients have manifestations that overlap with the acrocallosal syndrome (ACLS). The deletion breakpoints were analyzed in six patients whose deletions ranged in size from 151 kb to 10.6 Mb. Junction fragments were found to be distinct with no common sequences flanking the breakpoints. We conclude that patients with GCPS caused by large deletions that include GLI3 are likely to have cognitive deficits, and we hypothesize that this severe GCPS phenotype is caused by deletion of contiguous genes.
authors: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Johnston
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Olivos-Glander
authors: Joyce
authors: J
authors: Turner
authors: Kyrieckos
authors: K
authors: Aleck
authors: Lynne M
authors: LM
authors: Bird
authors: Lakshmi
authors: L
authors: Mehta
authors: R Neil
authors: RN
authors: Schimke
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Heilstedt
authors: J Edward
authors: JE
authors: Spence
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Blancato
authors: Leslie G
authors: LG
authors: Biesecker
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; D001483:Base Sequence; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000473:pathology; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000473:pathology; D007621:Karyotyping; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000473:pathology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C065683:GLI3 protein, human; C465571:Gli3 protein, mouse; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3