title: Contributions of bronchoscopic microsampling in the supplemental diagnosis of small peripheral lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Making a preoperative pathologic diagnosis in patients with small lung nodules remains challenging. We have developed a new, noninvasive bronchoscopic microsampling probe to examine biochemical substances in epithelial lining fluid. We used this probe to measure tumor markers in fluid from tissues surrounding lung nodules less than 30 mm in diameter to test its adjunctive diagnostic utility in lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 patients, epithelial lining fluid was collected in triplicate or duplicate from tissue within 2 cm of small peripheral lung nodules and from the contralateral lung. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was surgically confirmed in all patients. Fifteen patients without lung cancer served as controls. Concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin fragment 19, and sialyl SSEA-1 were measured in the fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin fragment 19 concentrations were significantly higher in fluid near the nodules (median, 8.7 and 87.2 ng/mg, respectively) than on the contralateral sides (median, 1.5 and 3.7 ng/mg, respectively) or in fluid collected from the controls (median, 2.0 and 2.8 ng/mg, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin fragment 19 collected by our microsampling probe may be a useful diagnostic adjunct in patients with small peripheral lung nodules.
authors: Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. masazumi@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors: Masazumi
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
authors: Akitoshi
authors: A
authors: Ishizaka
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Ikeda
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Ohashi
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis*; D016256:Lewis X Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D016256:Lewis X Antigen; D007633:Keratins