title: Combined extracranial and intracranial atherosclerosis in Korean patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of intracranial atherosclerosis among patients with steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease and to determine if there are factors related to the combined intracranial atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral hospital. Patients We studied 142 consecutive patients who had atherosclerotic steno-occlusive lesions (defined as > or =30% narrowing of the luminal diameter or occlusion) of an extracranial carotid artery confirmed by conventional angiography. We excluded patients who had potential cardiogenic sources of embolism. Potential vascular risk factors for each patient were obtained from medical records. Main Outcome Measure We determined the location and severity of atherosclerotic lesions by conventional angiography. We compared the vascular risk factors between patients with steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease alone and patients with combined intracranial atherosclerosis and extracranial carotid artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracranial steno-occlusive lesions (> or =30% stenosis or occlusion) were found in 80 patients (56.3%). Of 121 patients with significant (> or =50% stenosis or occlusion) extracranial carotid artery disease, 58 (47.9%) also had significant lesions of intracranial arteries. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that diabetes mellitus was the only significant factor associated with combined intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with extracranial carotid artery disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracranial atherosclerosis is common in Korean patients with steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease. Diabetes mellitus is associated with intracranial atherosclerosis in patients who had steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease.
authors: Departments of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Soo Joo
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Soo-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Cho
authors: Heui-Soo
authors: HS
authors: Moon
authors: Young-Min
authors: YM
authors: Shon
authors: Kwang Ho
authors: KH
authors: Lee
authors: Dong-Ik
authors: DI
authors: Kim
authors: Byung-Boong
authors: BB
authors: Lee
authors: Hong Sik
authors: HS
authors: Byun
authors: Seol-Heui
authors: SH
authors: Han
authors: Chin-Sang
authors: CS
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors