title: LPS resistance in monocytic cells caused by reverse signaling through transmembrane TNF (mTNF) is mediated by the MAPK/ERK pathway.
abstract: The transmembrane form of tumor necrosis factor (mTNF), expressed on activated monocytes (MO) and macrophages (MPhi), is able to induce apoptosis in human endothelial cells (EC). Apoptosis is mediated by two distinct mechanisms: direct cell contact and a yet-unidentified soluble protein, death factor X. In addition, mTNF acts as a receptor that transduces a "reverse signal" into MO/MPhi when bound to the TNF receptor on EC. Reverse signaling by mTNF confers resistance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Stimulation of reverse signaling by mTNF blocks the ability of MO/MPhi to produce death factor X and proinflammatory cytokines. We have investigated which signaling pathways are used by mTNF acting as receptor. Reverse signaling triggers two independent pathways that can be distinguished by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. The suppression of LPS-induced death factor X is dependent on PKC, whereas the suppression of LPS-mediated cytokine release is not. LPS and reverse signaling stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. It is interesting that the activation of reverse signaling by mTNF renders MO/MPhi refractory to a subsequent activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway by LPS. Thus, reverse signaling achieves LPS resistance in monocytic cells through interference with key signal-transduction pathways.
authors: Department of Hematology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Kirchner
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Boldt
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Kolch
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Haffner
authors: Seran
authors: S
authors: Kazak
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Janosch
authors: Ernst
authors: E
authors: Holler
authors: Reinhard
authors: R
authors: Andreesen
authors: Günther
authors: G
authors: Eissner
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases