title: [Urology at the beginning of the 20th century. From the general surgeon to highly-trained specialists].
abstract: Evolvement of urology as a separate scientific discipline depends on several factors. Endoscopic diagnostics, radiological diagnostics, and operative techniques in general surgery, had provided an ability to perform more complex and longer operations. Urology had evolved from the great schools of surgery in Germany and France, and their the most important surgeons, who were interested in urological surgery. The first endoscope was introduced in 1806, and received today's form in 1879. Application of "X" rays in medicine started in 1895, and it was later applied as a cystography, retrograde pyelography as well as intravenous urography. The most important thing for the operative technique evolution were application of anhestesia, asepsis and new hemostatic devices. During the one century long development, urology had passed the way from completely unknown field, up to the discipline with the best diagnostic preciseness.
authors: Uroloska klinika, Klinicki Centar Nis. ivanig@bankerinter.net
authors: Ivan M
authors: IM
authors: Ignjatović
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe; D006666:History of Medicine; D049673:History, 20th Century; D013038:Specialization; D014572:Urology / Q000266:history*