title: Epstein-Barr virus latency in kidney specimens from transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is common in immunosuppressed patients and can lead to life threatening lymphoproliferative diseases. Small numbers of cells infected by EBV have been detected in human tissues, transplanted or non-transplanted. Little is known about EBV latency in the allograft kidneys of patients without post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). The aims of this study were to look for the presence of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER) in allograft kidneys and to quantify their expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 62 allograft nephrectomies and 20 native kidneys to determine the presence of EBV; we also quantified its expression and calculated its ratios to CD45 and CD20 cells. The techniques used were: tissue microarray, EBER-1- and 2-specific in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBER expression was detected in 30.6% of transplanted kidneys and 5% of non-transplanted kidneys. In the positive specimens, a mean of 8.2 cells/1.57 mm(2) expressed the EBERs (range 1-38 cells). The ratios of EBER-positive (+) cells to CD45 or CD20 cells were 1.7 +/- 2.4% (range 0.1-8.1%) and 8.4 +/- 10.9% (range 0.5-34.4%), respectively. No relationship was found between anti-T-cell treatment and EBER expression in the failed allografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In failed kidney allografts, a small number of lymphocytes can express EBV latency. The number of EBER+ cells is smaller than in PTLD. Studies of functioning grafts are necessary to better understand the clinical relevance of this expression.
authors: Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/de Martin Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Luis Fernando
authors: LF
authors: Arias
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Hernández
authors: Dolores
authors: D
authors: Prats
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Sanchez-Fructoso
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Márques
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Alvarez
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Barrientos
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019737:Transplants / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral