title: Stability of the breakoff point in a high-speed cell sorter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-speed jet-in-air cytometric sorting requires knowledge of the time it takes a particle to travel from the laser to the point where the jet breaks into droplets. Variations in this breakoff time will result in poorer yields and poorer sort purities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This work examined the physical mechanisms that lead to the break up of the jet into droplets and calculated the stability of the droplet breakoff time relative to physical parameters, which govern the behavior of the jet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We derived the variations in the breakoff time and found that small variations in the drive frequency, temperature, pressure, and drive amplitude can lead to correspondingly large changes in the breakoff time. We found explicitly that the time it takes the jet to break up is not necessarily correlated with the distance to the breakoff point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many high-speed cell sorters use active means to control the breakoff time. A common method to monitor the breakoff time is to visually monitor the breakoff point. This technique in fact may decrease the sorting purity and efficiency by inadvertently correcting for breakoff time variations. We show explicitly the breakoff time's dependence on a number of physical parameters that can be monitored to increase the stability of the breakoff time.
authors: Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA. tpetersen@systemsbiology.org
authors: Timothy W
authors: TW
authors: Petersen
authors: Ger
authors: G
authors: van den Engh
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007834:Lasers