title: Systolic dysfunction is a predictor of long term mortality in men but not in women with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate possible gender differences in clinical profile and outcome of patients hospitalised with heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 1996 a total of 1065 hospital in-patients had confirmed heart failure, with follow-up data through 2002. Women (58%) were significantly older, had higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and lower prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease and alcoholism. The proportion of patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased with age, but in all age groups women had normal LVEF more frequently than men. Echocardiography was performed less frequently in females: 62% vs. 71% in men, P<0.01, and this finding was consistent in all age groups. During follow-up (median 19 months) 507 patients died (216 men [48.8%] and 291 women [46.8%]). Gender was not a predictor of survival when LVEF was included in the model (RH Male Gender 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.1, P=0.2). There was a significant interaction gender-LVEF (P=0.048): survival was similar in both genders with LVEF >0.3 but women with LVEF </=0.3 had a better prognosis than their male counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival is similar in women irrespective of LVEF and in men with LVEF >0.3 while men with severely depressed LVEF have a worse prognosis.
authors: Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. mmselles@navegalia.com
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Martínez-Sellés
authors: José A
authors: JA
authors: García Robles
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Prieto
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Domínguez Muñoa
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Frades
authors: Oscar
authors: O
authors: Díaz-Castro
authors: Jesus
authors: J
authors: Almendral
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left