title: Identification of new presenilin gene mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in the presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes, and more rarely in beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP), underlie the pathogenesis of most cases of familial Alzheimer disease (FAD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To screen the entire coding region of the PS1 and PS2 genes and exons 16 and 17 of the betaAPP to find pathogenetic mutations in FAD. Patients Patients with FAD were consecutively enrolled from among the outpatients from the neurology departments at the Universities of Florence and Parma and the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Reggio Emilia, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA se-quencing were used to investigate the affected members of families with FAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified a family carrying a novel Ser130Leu mutation in the PS2 gene. Moreover, we found 2 novel PS1 mutations: Cys92Ser in exon 4 in 2 unrelated families and Leu174Met in exon 6 in the PS1 gene. We also found a fourth Italian family with the betaAPP Val717Ile mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One novel PS2 mutation associated with highly penetrant but variable age at onset (35-85 years) and 2 novel PS1 missense mutations associated with early-onset Alzheimer disease at age 49 to 54 years have been identified in Italian families. Screening for new mutations in presenilin and betaAPP genes was beneficial in characterizing gene function in FAD.
authors: Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Tedde
authors: Benedetta
authors: B
authors: Nacmias
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Ciantelli
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Forleo
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Cellini
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Bagnoli
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Piccini
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Caffarra
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Ghidoni
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Paganini
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Bracco
authors: Sandro
authors: S
authors: Sorbi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D053764:Presenilin-1; D053766:Presenilin-2
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; C508861:PSEN2 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; D053766:Presenilin-2