Stress symptoms of two groups before and after the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01.
This study investigated stress symptoms before and after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. Responses to the Smith Stress Symptoms Inventory were compared for Chicago area college students assessed 1 to 5 weeks after 9/11 (n=149) and a comparable sample tested up to 5 months prior to 9/11 (n=320). Post-9/11 participants scored higher on Attention Deficit. Contrary to prior research, post-9/11 participants did not score higher on distress, including Worry, Autonomic Arousal/Anxiety, Striated Muscle Tension, Depression, and Anger. It is suggested that those indirectly exposed to a terrorist attack may display traditional symptoms of distress and arousal (as suggested by previous research). Later symptoms of attention deficit and distancing may emerge. This work was based on independent pre- and post-9/11 samples and must be replicated longitudinally as a test-retest to draw conclusions regarding change over time.
Piiparinen
Richard A
RA
Roosevelt University Stress Institute, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
Smith
Jonathan C
JC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000401:Aircraft; D001143:Arousal; D002641:Chicago; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*