title: Evidence for ozone formation in human atherosclerotic arteries.
abstract: Here, we report evidence for the production of ozone in human disease. Signature products unique to cholesterol ozonolysis are present within atherosclerotic tissue at the time of carotid endarterectomy, suggesting that ozone production occurred during lesion development. Furthermore, advanced atherosclerotic plaques generate ozone when the leukocytes within the diseased arteries are activated in vitro. The steroids produced by cholesterol ozonolysis cause effects that are thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including cytotoxicity, lipid-loading in macrophages, and deformation of the apolipoprotein B-100 secondary structure. We propose the trivial designation "atheronals" for this previously unrecognized class of steroids.
authors: Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Wentworth
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Nieva
authors: Cindy
authors: C
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Galve
authors: Anita D
authors: AD
authors: Wentworth
authors: Ralph B
authors: RB
authors: Dilley
authors: Giacomo A
authors: GA
authors: DeLaria
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Saven
authors: Bernard M
authors: BM
authors: Babior
authors: Kim D
authors: KD
authors: Janda
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Eschenmoser
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Lerner
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism*; D002776:Cholestanes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000378:metabolism; D007203:Indigo Carmine / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009654:Norsteroids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism*; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013261:Sterols / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C479527:5,6-secosterol; C479528:5-hydroxy-6-formyl-7-norcholesterol; D002776:Cholestanes; D006835:Hydrazones; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009654:Norsteroids; D013261:Sterols; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D010126:Ozone; D002784:Cholesterol; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide