title: Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of single doses of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, and butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis (acute pain model) via kinetic gait analysis and orthopedic evaluation and examine measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration as an indicator of treatment efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 Beagles and 6 additional Beagles that were used only in serum CRP analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute synovitis was induced in right stifle joints of dogs via intra-articular injection of monosodium urate solution. Treatments included butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.), carprofen (4 mg/kg, PO), etodolac (17 mg/kg, PO), or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg, PO); control dogs received no treatment. The procedure was repeated (3-week intervals) until all dogs received all treatments including control treatment. Lameness was assessed on a biomechanical force platform and via orthopedic evaluations of the stifle joints; blood was collected to monitor serum CRP concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control dogs, treated dogs had significantly different vertical ground reaction forces and weight-bearing scores. Greatest improvement in lameness was observed in carprofen-treated dogs. Etodolac had the fastest onset of action. Compared with butorphanol treatment, only carprofen and etodolac were associated with significantly lower pain scores. An increase in serum CRP concentration was detected after intra-articular injection in all dogs; this change was similar among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carprofen, etodolac, and meloxicam had greater efficacy than butorphanol in relief of acute pain. Carprofen was most effective overall. In this acute pain model, serum CRP analysis was not useful to assess drug efficacy.
authors: Novartis Centre de Recherche, Sante Animale SA, 1566 St-Aubin, Switzerland.
authors: Luc R
authors: LR
authors: Borer
authors: John E
authors: JE
authors: Peel
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Seewald
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Schawalder
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Spreng
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D000077239:Meloxicam; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain; D013585:Synovitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C007005:carprofen; D002077:Butorphanol; D000077239:Meloxicam