title: Lead induced oxidative stress: beneficial effects of Kombucha tea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of oral administration of Kombucha tea (K-tea) on lead induced oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague Dawley rats were administered 1 mL of 3.8% lead acetate solution daily alone or in combination with K-tea orally for 45 d, and the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of lead acetate to rats enhanced lipid peroxidation and release of creatine phosphokinase and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase, GPx). Lead treatment did not alter humoral immunity, but inhibited DTH response when compared to the control. Lead administration also increased DNA fragmentation in liver. Oral administration of Kombucha tea to rats exposed to lead decreased lipid peroxidation and DNA damage with a concomitant increase in the reduced glutathione level and GPx activity. Kombucha tea supplementation relieved the lead induced immunosuppression to appreciable levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that K-tea has potent antioxidant and immunomodulating properties.
authors: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India. rnprasad32@hotmail.com
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Dipti
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Yogesh
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Kain
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Pauline
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Anju
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sairam
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Singh
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Mongia
authors: G Ilavazhagan Devendra
authors: GI
authors: Kumar
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Selvamurthy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000363:Agaricales; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013662:Tea; D007854:Lead