Clinical and molecular delineation of the Greig cephalopolysyndactyly contiguous gene deletion syndrome and its distinction from acrocallosal syndrome.
Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is caused by haploinsufficiency of GLI3 on 7p13. Features of GCPS include polydactyly, macrocephaly, and hypertelorism, and may be associated with cognitive deficits and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. GLI3 mutations in GCPS patients include point, frameshift, translocation, and gross deletion mutations. FISH and STRP analyses were applied to 34 patients with characteristics of GCPS. Deletions were identified in 11 patients and the extent of their deletion was determined. Nine patients with deletions had mental retardation (MR) or developmental delay (DD) and were classified as severe GCPS. These severe GCPS patients have manifestations that overlap with the acrocallosal syndrome (ACLS). The deletion breakpoints were analyzed in six patients whose deletions ranged in size from 151 kb to 10.6 Mb. Junction fragments were found to be distinct with no common sequences flanking the breakpoints. We conclude that patients with GCPS caused by large deletions that include GLI3 are likely to have cognitive deficits, and we hypothesize that this severe GCPS phenotype is caused by deletion of contiguous genes.
Johnston
Jennifer J
JJ
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Olivos-Glander
Isabelle
I
Turner
Joyce
J
Aleck
Kyrieckos
K
Bird
Lynne M
LM
Mehta
Lakshmi
L
Schimke
R Neil
RN
Heilstedt
Heidi
H
Spence
J Edward
JE
Blancato
Jan
J
Biesecker
Leslie G
LG
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; D001483:Base Sequence; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000473:pathology; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000473:pathology; D007621:Karyotyping; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000473:pathology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C065683:GLI3 protein, human; C465571:Gli3 protein, mouse; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3