title: Selective shunting with eversion carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The consensus is that eversion carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a safe, effective, and durable surgical technique. Concern remains, however, regarding insertion of a shunt during the procedure. We studied the advisability of shunting with eversion CEA by comparing patients who underwent eversion CEA with and without shunting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 9 years, 624 primary eversion CEAs were performed in 580 selected patients to treat symptomatic (n = 398, 63.8%) and asymptomatic (n = 226, 36.2%) carotid lesions. All eversion CEAs were performed by the same surgeon (E.B.), with the patient under deep general anesthesia, with continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring for selective shunting, based exclusively on EEG changes consistent with cerebral ischemia. A Pruitt-Inahara shunt was used in 43 eversion CEAs (6.9%). All patients underwent postoperative duplex ultrasound scanning and clinical follow-up at 1, 6, and 12 months and once a year thereafter. Mean follow-up was 52 months (range, 3-91 months). The main end points were perioperative (30-day) stroke and death, and recurrent stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No perioperative death occurred in this series. Overall, ischemic perioperative stroke occurred in 4 of 624 patients (0.6%). Two strokes were minor and two were major. Only one (major) stroke occurred in the group with shunt insertion (1 of 43, 2.3%; P = not significant); the everted internal carotid artery was patent. Long-term follow-up was performed in all living patients. There was no late recurrent stenosis (>50%), and one late asymptomatic occlusive event occurred in the group without shunt insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shunt insertion can be safely performed during eversion CEA. Perioperative mortality and morbidity after eversion CEA are not statistically modified with shunting.
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padova, Italy. enzo.ballotta@unipd.it
authors: Enzo
authors: E
authors: Ballotta
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Da Giau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods