title: Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in gingival mast cells in persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mast cells are a prominent cell type in the gingival infiltrate in periodontitis. In this study we examined the expression by gingival mast cells of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival specimens from 12 human immunodeficiency virus-negative (HIV-) and 15 HIV-positive (HIV+) patients with chronic marginal periodontitis (CMP), and from 10 HIV- and four HIV+ controls with clinically healthy gingiva (HG) were examined after double immunofluorescence staining for mast cell tryptase, combined with antibodies for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 or their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HIV+CMP, HIV+HG and HIV-CMP groups, all mast cells expressed MMP-1 and MMP-8, whereas a smaller proportion (40-60%) in the HIV-HG controls displayed such staining. The former groups also displayed a significantly higher proportion (39-64%) of mast cells expressing MMP-2 as compared with the HIV-HG group (21-31%). All groups displayed similar proportions of TIMP-1 expressing mast cells (86-100%), whereas significantly increased proportions of TIMP-2+ mast cells were seen in the HIV+CMP, HIV+HG and HIV-CMP groups (18-25%) as compared with the HIV-HG group (8-13%). Mast cells were the cell type that most prominently expressed MMP-1 and MMP-8. MMP-2 expression was also strong in mast cells, but was also similarly expressed in other cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chronically inflamed periodontal lesions in the present study appeared with little evidence of mast cell degranulation. The results show, however, that mast cells in inflamed gingiva have the potential to degrade extracellular matrix if appropriately triggered.
authors: Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors: E P
authors: EP
authors: Naesse
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Schreurs
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Helgeland
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Schenck
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Steinsvoll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000201:enzymology*; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis*; D053802:Tryptases
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053802:Tryptases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1