title: Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, glutamate and lactate changes in two different stages of mechanical intestinal obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mechanical intestinal obstruction is a difficult-to-diagnose surgical emergency, especially in the early stage. Clinical and radiological evaluation are the main methods for the diagnosis. Metabolic, inflammatory and ischemic changes occur during intestinal obstruction. No specific biochemical parameters related to diagnosis and severity of intestinal obstruction have been found. In this experimental study, we investigated serum tumor necrosis factor a L-glutamate and L-lactate levels as biochemical markers which reflect physiopathological processes in two different stages of intestinal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mechanical obstruction was created in Wistar rats with distal ileal ligation. Animals were divided into five groups (Control, Sham-12, Sham-24, Intestinal obstruction 12 and intestinal obstruction-24) and each group consisted of 10 rats. Blood samples were taken 12 and 24 hours after Sham and intestinal obstruction operations. Tumor necrosis factor a levels were measured by ELISA. Serum L-glutamate and L-lactate levels were measured by colorimetric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutamate levels were significantly high especially in the early stage, whereas tumor necrosis factor a increase was significant only in late stage of intestinal obstruction. Serum lactate levels were similar among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum glutamate levels may have a potential role as a biochemical parameter contributing to diagnosis, especially in the early stages of intestinal obstruction.
authors: Department of Surgery, Institute of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Hilal
authors: H
authors: Koçdor
authors: M Ali
authors: MA
authors: Koçdor
authors: Hüseyin
authors: H
authors: Astarcioğlu
authors: Meral
authors: M
authors: Fadiloğlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000097:blood*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019344:Lactic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid