Baclofen for maintenance treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial [ISRCTN32121581].
BACKGROUND
Results of preclinical studies suggest that the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen may be useful in treatment of opioid dependence. This study was aimed at assessing the possible efficacy of baclofen for maintenance treatment of opioid dependence.


METHODS
A total of 40 opioid-dependent patients were detoxified and randomly assigned to receive baclofen (60 mg/day) or placebo in a 12-week, double blind, parallel-group trial. Primary outcome measure was retention in treatment. Secondary outcome measures included opioids and alcohol use according to urinalysis and self-report ratings, intensity of opioid craving assessed with a visual analogue scale, opioid withdrawal symptoms as measured by the Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale and depression scores on the Hamilton inventory.


RESULTS
Treatment retention was significantly higher in the baclofen group. Baclofen also showed a significant superiority over placebo in terms of opiate withdrawal syndrome and depressive symptoms. Non-significant, but generally favorable responses were seen in the baclofen group with other outcome measures including intensity of opioid craving and self-reported opioid and alcohol use. However, no significant difference was seen in the rates of opioid-positive urine tests. Additionally, the drug side effects of the two groups were not significantly different.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support further study of baclofen in the maintenance treatment of opioid dependence.
Assadi
Seyed Mohammad
SM
Psychiatric Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Avenue, Tehran 13337, Iran. assadism@sina.tums.ac.ir
Radgoodarzi
Reza
R
Ahmadi-Abhari
Seyed Ali
SA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018755:GABA Agonists; D010919:Placebos; D001418:Baclofen