title: Which individuals with affective symptoms seek help? Results from the Zurich epidemiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several factors influence whether individuals with affective disorders seek help. The Zurich cohort study provides an opportunity to explore patient-based factors without confounding with problems of access. This study aims to identify features which predict help-seeking behaviour in symptomatic individuals and to explore failure of help seeking in those who did not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics of currently symptomatic 40-year-old individuals in a stratified epidemiological sample were tested against help-seeking behaviour using bivariate statistics and logistic regression. Individual predictors were identified and interaction effects tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one per cent of the 364 subjects sought help in the preceding year. Past treatment and living alone were significantly associated with treatment. Total number of symptoms and several individual symptoms correlated with treatment in the bivariate analyses but regression analysis identified "unfounded self-reproach" and "hopelessness" interacting with social support to predict the best treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social support is strongly protective against needing help in the presence of distressing affective symptoms unless these symptoms become elaborated into conclusions about their meaning and prognostic significance.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, St George's Hospital Medical School, Jenner Wing, Cranmer Terrace, London SW1 0RE, UK. tburns@sghms.ac.uk
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Burns
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Eichenberger
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Eich
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Ajdacic-Gross
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Angst
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Rössler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology