title: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) increases granulosa cell proliferation: dependence on c-Jun and TNF receptor type 1.
abstract: TNF alpha has significant in vitro effects on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis and reproductive alterations occur in TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1) knockout mice. The present study investigated the effect of in vitro TNF on granulosa cell proliferation from immature mice at 28 d of age, with emphasis on intracellular signaling that regulates granulosa cell proliferation. TNF dose dependently increased granulosa cell proliferation and the proto-oncogene c-Jun protein. However, other Jun family members such as JunD was expressed constitutively and JunB was not expressed. In vitro TNF did not increase c-Jun and proliferation in granulosa cells from TNFR1 knockout mice. The time course of TNF-induced c-Jun revealed biphasic patterns of short-term (3 h) and long-term (24 h) induction. The time courses of Ser63- and Ser73-phospho c-Jun coincided with changes in total c-Jun. Among MAPK cascades, stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun-NH(2)-teminal kinase signaling was increased transiently in TNF-treated cells, whereas p38MAPK and ERK1 and 2 were not changed. In addition, overexpression of nuclear factor-kappa B and addition of ceramide and 8-bromo-cAMP did not increase c-Jun or proliferation. Antisense oligonucleotides for c-Jun blocked cell proliferation induced by TNF. In conclusion, the above results demonstrate that TNF increased c-Jun by activating stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun-NH(2)-teminal kinase signaling via TNFR1 in mouse granulosa cells, and the induced c-Jun resulted in increased cell proliferation.
authors: Center of Reproductive Sciences, and Department of Molecualr and Integrative Physiology, Unversity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
authors: Deok-Soo
authors: DS
authors: Son
authors: Koji Y
authors: KY
authors: Arai
authors: Katherine F
authors: KF
authors: Roby
authors: Paul F
authors: PF
authors: Terranova
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha