title: Idiopathic chronic fetomaternal haemorrhage resulting in hydrops--a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report a case of idiopathic chronic fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) that developed in the late trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient presented with decreased fetal movement at 38 weeks gestation. Antenatal follow-up was uneventful with normal serial ultrasound performed at 22 and 35 weeks. Prior to delivery, the cardiotocography (CTG) was abnormal with decreased baseline variability and late deceleration. Emergency lower segment caesarean section was performed. Upon delivery, a hydropic neonate with a haemoglobin level of 3.9 g/dL was noted. The Kleihauer-Betke test was positive, confirming FMH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neonate later developed intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and spastic cerebral palsy on follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible for FMH to occur late at the third trimester leading to detrimental effect. The fact that FMH can occur without antecedent risk factors underscores the importance of further research, and a high index of suspicion.
authors: Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899. mattlau@hotmail.com
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Lau
authors: J V
authors: JV
authors: Tan
authors: T Y
authors: TY
authors: Tan
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Gomez
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D015148:Cardiotocography; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal