title: Identification of plateled-derived growth factor-BB as cardiogenesis-inducing factor in mouse embryonic stem cells under serum-free conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Embryonic stem (ES) cells may represent an alternative source of functionally mature cardiomyocytes for the treatment of heart diseases. ES cells spontaneously differentiate into spheroidal aggregates, also referred to as embryoid bodies (EBs). The identification of growth factors playing a decisive role in cardiogenesis is a crucial issue for the generation of mature cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to identify growth factors promoting cardiac development, we established a new differentiation protocol using a defined serum-replacement medium (SRM) containing 5 microg/ml insulin and 5 microg/ml transferrin in combination with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Furthermore, we added platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) or sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) to promote cardiac differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using SRM/DMEM, we obtained a 6-fold increase of cardiac specific myosin heavy chain alpha and beta (cMHCalpha/beta) in relation to 0,2% foetal calf serum (FCS)/DMEM (= 100%). Stimulation of EBs with PDGF-BB in the presence of SRM/DMEM resulted in a further 2,6-fold enhancement in comparison with the SRM/DMEM-induced increase of cMHCalpha/beta (= 100%). A parallel increase in the number of beating EBs was observed. Similar results were obtained after stimulation of EBs with 5 microg/ml SPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established a serum-free protocol and identify PDGF-BB and SPP as potent factors promoting cardiogenesis in ES cells.
authors: Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors: Agapios
authors: A
authors: Sachinidis
authors: Cornelia
authors: C
authors: Gissel
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Nierhoff
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Hippler-Altenburg
authors: Henrich
authors: H
authors: Sauer
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Wartenberg
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Hescheler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D024723:Ventricular Myosins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000077214:Becaplermin; D024723:Ventricular Myosins