title: Effect of dibutyltin(IV) on the ultrastructure of African Trypanosoma spp.
abstract: Diorganotins (R2SnX2) are compounds with a wide variety of biological properties. In an attempt to follow the morphological events and to characterize the toxic effects of diorganotins on in vitro cultured African Trypanosoma spp., the ultrastructural alterations induced on the parasites by dibutyltins (Bu2SnX2) were followed. The data obtained indicate that these compounds induced irreparable damage to the in vitro cultured bloodstream forms of the parasites. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy allowed observations on the perturbation of the kinetoplast, extensive cytoplasmic swellings, disconfiguration around the flagellar pocket and membrane disintegration. Fluorescence microscopy with 4,6-diamidine-2-phenylindole stain was also used to visualize the survival or degeneration of kDNA. Understanding the collateral cellular toxic effect of these compounds on the parasites may shed light on the possible mechanism by which they kill trypanosomes. Agarose gel electrophoresis resolution of isolated kDNAs revealed no fragmentation by these compounds following in vitro incubation at 37 degrees C. However, fragmentation was observed from the gel electrophoresis of kDNA isolated from in vitro cultured Bu2SnX2-exposed parasites. Transmission electron microscopy of the kDNAs revealed the same pattern as observed with gel electrophoresis. These results provide evidence for the possible involvement of the Bu2Sn moiety in the in vivo-induced fragmentation of trypanosomal kDNA and consequent trypanolysis. This observation also underlies the relevance of organometallics in the therapy of African trypanosomiasis.
authors: Protozoology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523 Nagasaki-shi, Japan. nshuaibu@yahoo.com
authors: M N
authors: MN
authors: Shuaibu
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kanbara
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yanagi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ichinose
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Ameh
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Bonire
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Nok
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018105:DNA, Kinetoplast / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014347:Trypanosoma brucei gambiense / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016833:Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D018105:DNA, Kinetoplast; D009947:Organotin Compounds; C056189:di-n-butyltin