title: Radioimmunodiagnosis of lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reliable staging of the neck remains a diagnostic challenge in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against tumour-associated antigens can be used for selective tumour targeting. When labelled with a gamma-emitting radionuclide like 99mTechnetium, such MAbs can be used for tumour detection by radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the potential of RIS for the detection of lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 49 patients with HNSCC, who were scheduled to undergo surgery including neck dissection, RIS using 99mTc-labelled squamous cell specific MAb E48 or U36 administered intravenously was compared with clinical palpation, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RIS detected lymph node metastases in 35 of 51 positive sides (sensitivity 69%). Interpretation of RIS was correct in 47 of 65 sides (accuracy 72%). Accuracy of palpation, CT and MRI were comparable. Immunohistochemical staining of lymph node metastases missed by RIS showed that the injected MAb had targeted these small tumour deposits but these were not visualized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RIS at its current stage of development is not superior to CT or MRI for the detection of lymph node metastases. As small tumour deposits were probably not visualized because of the limited sensitivity and/or spatial resolution of the gamma camera, positron emission tomography (PET) using MAbs labelled with positron emitters may improve the detection. As MAb-PET studies in an animal model showed promising results we will soon start a clinical MAb-PET study.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.bree@vumc.nl
authors: R
authors: R
authors: de Bree
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Roos
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Verel
authors: G A M S
authors: GA
authors: van Dongen
authors: G B
authors: GB
authors: Snow
mesh_terms: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010173:Palpation; D016719:Radioimmunodetection; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013667:Technetium; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013667:Technetium