title: pl-bol3, a complex allele of the anthocyanin regulatory pl1 locus that arose in a naturally occurring maize population.
abstract: The pl1 gene encodes a MYB-related transcriptional activator committed to the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize. Here, we report the genetic and molecular characterisation of pl-bol3, an Andean allele displaying features that make it different from all the known pl1 alleles. pl-bol3 has partial, light-independent expression, and it is active mainly in the juvenile phase of growth. It has a complex molecular structure, containing multiple pl1 gene copies, thus being the first complex locus discovered in the c1/pl1 family. Although the composite genes of the complex locus encode proteins identical to other functional PL1 proteins, the putative promoters of the pl-bol3 gene are different from the promoters of Pl-Rhoades (Pl-Rh) and pl1 sun-red alleles. The intensity and the tissue specificity of anthocyanin production directed by pl-bol3 differ significantly from that of Pl-Rh and the original pl-W22, and are specified by the interaction of pl-bol3 with the different r1/b1 gene family members and the competence of pl-bol3 to different pigment tissues. This allele represents a natural example of gene duplication and diversification of expression, giving rise to a significant change in phenotype and, in this way, is analogous to the complex r1 locus in maize. Analysis of the pl-bol3 allele contributes to understanding the generation of diversity associated with multiple-copy genes and the molecular basis of allele-specific gene expression.
authors: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Pilu
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Piazza
authors: Katia
authors: K
authors: Petroni
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Ronchi
authors: Cathie
authors: C
authors: Martin
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Tonelli
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors