title: SOCS-3 is frequently silenced by hypermethylation and suppresses cell growth in human lung cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world, but the molecular mechanisms for its development have not been well characterized. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are inhibitors of cytokine signaling that function via the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway. Eight SOCS proteins with similar structures have been identified so far. SOCS family members, however, have distinct mechanisms of inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling. Abnormalities of the JAK/STAT pathway are associated with cancer. Inhibition of signaling results in growth suppression in various cell types. Recently, the involvement of SOCS-1 in carcinogenesis has been reported. Here, we report identification of frequent hypermethylation in CpG islands of the functional SOCS-3 promoter that correlates with its transcription silencing in cell lines (lung cancer, breast cancer, and mesothelioma) and primary lung cancer tissue samples. Restoration of SOCS-3 in lung cancer cells where SOCS-3 was methylation-silenced resulted in the down-regulation of active STAT3, induction of apoptosis, and growth suppression. Our results suggest that methylation silencing of SOCS-3 is one of the important mechanisms of constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in cancer pathogenesis. The data also suggest that SOCS-3 therapy may be useful in the treatment of cancer.
authors: Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
authors: Biao
authors: B
authors: He
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: You
authors: Kazutsugu
authors: K
authors: Uematsu
authors: Keling
authors: K
authors: Zang
authors: Zhidong
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Amie Y
authors: AY
authors: Lee
authors: Joseph F
authors: JF
authors: Costello
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: McCormick
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Jablons
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors