title: The utility of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunohistochemistry in the distinction of metastatic breast carcinoma from other tumors in the liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The distinction of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (MBA) to the liver from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and metastatic adenocarcinoma from other sites may require the use of immunohistochemistry. The use of antibodies directed against estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) has been suggested to help make this distinction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the utility of ER and PR immunohistochemistry in the distinction of MBA from HCC, CC, and other metastatic adenocarcinomas in the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two previously characterized hepatic neoplasms were identified, including HCC (n = 14), CC (n = 16), and metastatic tumors from breast (n = 17), colorectal (n = 14), pancreatic (n = 15), and esophageal/gastric (n = 16) origins. For all cases of metastatic tumor, the primary tumor was reviewed to verify the diagnosis. All tumors were graded as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Estrogen receptor and PR immunohistochemical staining was performed on all cases and evaluated by 2 pathologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactivity for ER was identified only in MBA, with 6 (35%) of 17 cases positive. Positive immunoreactivity for PR was not restricted to MBA, but was seen in HCC, CC, esophageal/gastric, and pancreatic metastases. Positive immunostaining with PR was nearly as frequent in poorly differentiated carcinomas of nonbreast origin (3/16 cases, 19%) as in poorly differentiated breast carcinomas (2/8 cases, 25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progesterone receptor exhibited poor specificity and sensitivity for the distinction of MBA from HCC, CC, and other metastatic adenocarcinomas. Estrogen receptor exhibited poor sensitivity for MBA, although the specificity was good. The finding that PR positivity was present with a similar frequency in poorly differentiated tumors of breast and nonbreast origin limits the usefulness of this marker. Therefore, ER and PR staining have limited utility in the distinction of MBA from HCC, CC, and other metastatic adenocarcinomas in the liver.
authors: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
authors: Jason W
authors: JW
authors: Nash
authors: Carl
authors: C
authors: Morrison
authors: Wendy L
authors: WL
authors: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone