title: Unusual life style of giant chlorella viruses.
abstract: Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus (PBCV-1) is the prototype of a family of large, icosahedral, plaque-forming, dsDNA viruses that replicate in certain unicellular, eukaryotic chlorella-like green algae. Its 330-kb genome contains approximately 373 protein-encoding genes and 11 tRNA genes. The predicted gene products of approximately 50% of these genes resemble proteins of known function, including many that are unexpected for a virus, e.g., ornithine decarboxylase, hyaluronan synthase, GDP-D-mannose 4,6 dehydratase, and a potassium ion channel protein. In addition to their large genome size, the chlorella viruses have other features that distinguish them from most viruses. These features include: (a) The viruses encode multiple DNA methyltransferases and DNA site-specific endonucleases. (b) The viruses encode at least some, if not all, of the enzymes required to glycosylate their proteins. (c) PBCV-1 has at least three types of introns, a self-splicing intron in a transcription factor-like gene, a spliceosomal processed intron in its DNA polymerase gene, and a small intron in one of its tRNA genes. (d) Many chlorella virus-encoded proteins are either the smallest or among the smallest proteins of their class. (e) Accumulating evidence indicates that the chlorella viruses have a very long evolutionary history.
authors: Nebraska Center for Virology and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0722, USA. jvanetten@unlnotes.unl.edu
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Van Etten
mesh_terms: D002708:Chlorella / Q000821:virology*; D004247:DNA / Q000502:physiology; D005643:Fucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D005810:Multigene Family; D017862:Phycodnaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D005643:Fucose; D004247:DNA