title: Microcirculatory changes in the canine oesophageal mucosa during experimental reflux oesophagitis: comparison of the effects of acid and bile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The response of the oesophageal microcirculation to luminal damaging agents may play an important role in reflux-induced mucosal injury. We characterized the microcirculatory consequences of exposure to bile with or without hydrochloric acid, and determined the changes in the constitutive nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities in a canine model of acute reflux oesophagitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1 served as a saline-treated control, while groups 2-4 were exposed for 3 h to bile alone, to hydrochloric acid, or to bile + hydrochloric acid, respectively. The mucosal microcirculation was observed continuously by means of intravital videomicroscopy with an orthogonal polarization spectral imaging technique. Myeloperoxidase, constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities were measured via tissue biopsies, while the degree of mucosal damage was evaluated histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bile evoked deep tissue damage and leucocyte accumulation in the mucosa and muscle layer. The capillary red blood cell velocity and the relative vessel area increased significantly (P < 0.05). The constitutive NO synthase activity was decreased, and the inducible NO synthase activity was increased significantly. In the hydrochloric acid-treated group the functional capillary density decreased, the mucosal damage was less severe, the constitutive NO synthase activity did not change, whereas the inducible NO synthase activity was increased significantly. The constitutive NO synthase activity did not change after the bile + hydrochloric acid treatment either.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reflux components induce characteristic microcirculatory alterations. The structural damage and leucocyte invasion are accompanied by bile-induced constitutive NO synthase inhibition when hydrochloric acid production is suppressed.
authors: Dept. of Surgery, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Hungary.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Szentpáli
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Erös
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kaszaki
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Tiszlavicz
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Lázár
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Wolfárd
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Balogh
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Boros
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile; D004285:Dogs; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007962:Leukocytes; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009195:Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid