title: Estradiol supplementation enhances submaximal feed-forward drive of growth hormone (GH) secretion by recombinant human GH-releasing hormone-1,44-amide in a putatively somatostatin-withdrawn milieu.
abstract: To test the clinical hypothesis that an estrogen-enriched milieu enhances GHRH action, we administered placebo (Pl) and estradiol-17 beta (E(2)) orally for 23 d to six postmenopausal women in a prospectively randomized, double-masked, within-subject crossover design with 6 wk intervening. The GHRH stimulation protocol entailed consecutive i.v. infusion of L-arginine and a single i.v. pulse of saline or one of five randomly ordered doses of recombinant human GHRH-1,44-amide (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 microg/kg) in a total of 12 separate morning, fasting sessions. GH secretion was monitored by sampling blood every 10 min for 6 h; chemiluminescence assay of GH concentrations; deconvolution analysis of stimulated GH release; and nonlinear dose-response reconstruction. Supplementation with E(2), compared with Pl: 1) increased (mean +/- SEM) E(2) concentrations from 18 +/- 3 (Pl) to 164 +/- 12 pg/ml (to convert to picomoles per liter, multiply by 3.57) (P < 0.001); 2) decreased IGF-I concentrations from 181 +/- 14 to 120 +/- 11 microg/liter (P < 0.01); 3) elevated mean GH concentrations from 0.27 +/- 0.06 to 0.59 +/- 0.08 microg/liter (P = 0.014); 4) potentiated GH secretion stimulated by L-arginine alone by 1.43-fold (P = 0.012); 5) reduced the ED(50) of GHRH from 0.27 +/- 0.02 to 0.13 +/- 0.01 microg/kg (P < 0.01), denoting enhanced GHRH potency; and 6) heightened the maximal slope of the dose-response function from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 1.4 +/- 0.05 [( microg/liter) ( microg/kg)(-1)] (P < 0.05), signifying augmented pituitary sensitivity. The foregoing facilitative mechanisms were specific because E(2) replacement did alter maximal L-arginine/GHRH-induced GH secretion, indicating unchanged secretagogue efficacy. In conclusion, inasmuch as E(2) also attenuates inhibition of GH secretion by infused somatostatin and potentiates stimulation of GH secretion by GH-releasing peptide-2, we postulate that estrogenic steroids drive pulsatile GH production in part via mechanisms that include all three of GHRH, somatostatin, and putatively GH-releasing peptide/ghrelin signaling.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Medical and Graduate Schools of Medicine, General Clinical Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905,USA. veldhuis.johannes@mayo.edu
authors: Johannes D
authors: JD
authors: Veldhuis
authors: William S
authors: WS
authors: Evans
authors: Cyril Y
authors: CY
authors: Bowers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D001120:Arginine