title: Pregnancy after lower urinary tract reconstruction for congenital abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of pregnancy on renal function, and the effect of congenital urinary tract abnormality and reconstruction on pregnancy and delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case notes were reviewed of 20 women (median age 32.5 years) who had had 29 live babies. Data collected included patient demographics, congenital urological abnormality, urological reconstructive procedure(s) and any subsequent urological complications. Pregnancy details, including urological and obstetric complications, presentation and mode of delivery, were obtained via a postal questionnaire from the relevant obstetrician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients had exstrophy-epispadias, seven spinal dysraphism, two sacral agenesis, and one each cerebral palsy, epispadias, imperforate anus and small bladder with vesico-ureteric reflux and congenital incontinence. They had had a mean (range) of 5.7 (1-12) urological reconstructive procedures each. Patients with exstrophy-epispadias had significantly more operations (mean 7.8) than those with spinal dysraphism (mean 4.14) or other diagnoses (mean 2.6) (P < 0.01). At the last follow-up 13 patients had an enterocystoplasty, six a neobladder and one an ileal conduit. Pregnancy-related urological complications were urinary tract infection in 15, upper tract obstruction requiring nephrostomy and stent in three, Mitrofanoff difficulties in two and pyelonephritis in one. There was no significant deterioration in glomerular filtration rate or serum creatinine after pregnancy. Only 10 of the births were normal or assisted vaginal deliveries. Seven patients had emergency and 12 had elective Caesarean sections for obstetric indications, including four breech births in the seven patients with vesical exstrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy has no long-term effect on renal function and does not compromise reconstruction. Although there is a substantial complication rate and an increased need for Caesarean section, pregnancy in women with lower urinary tract reconstruction for congenital urological abnormalities is ultimately safe for both mother and baby. Interdisciplinary co-operation is desirable for a successful outcome.
authors: Institute of Urology, University College London, and Department of Gynaecology, University College London Hospital, London, UK. tamsin.greenwell@aol.com
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Greenwell
authors: S N
authors: SN
authors: Venn
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Creighton
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Leaver
authors: C R J
authors: CR
authors: Woodhouse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000502:physiology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine