title: Physical and mental development of Turkish twins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple gestations are known to bring some risks in the prenatal and natal period, but whether it is a risk for development in childhood is a matter of debate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physical and mental development of Turkish twins and then to assess whether being a twin poses risks for their development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two twin pairs (104 children) aged between 1 and 5 years were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 91 singletons, who were matched according to age, sex, gestational week and maternal educational level. The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was administered to assess cognitive development. Student t-test and chi2 test were used to compare the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the mothers of twins did not differ from that of singleton mothers (P > 0.05). Twins were more frequently born in cases of assisted fertilization and were more often born via cesarean section. The birthweights of twins were lower and they were more frequently hospitalized after birth. The breast feeding period was shorter in twins and they had more chronic diseases than singletons (P < 0.05). Mothers of twins needed more help while caring for their infants. Physical development of twins and singletons did not differ statistically (P > 0.05). Twins had more suspect and delayed results in the DDST, especially in the language section of the test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical and mental development of twins does not differ significantly from singletons except that twins might have a tendency towards slow language acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey. lozcakar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Z Birsin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Ozçakar
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Beyazova
authors.forename: Sebnem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soysal
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014421:Turkey; D014427:Twins / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data