title: Relation between cardiovascular and metabolic disease and cognition in very old age: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from the berlin aging study.
abstract: This study documented findings on the relation between cognitive functioning (perceptual speed, memory, fluency, and knowledge) and cardiovascular and metabolic disease in a sample of very old adults (ages 70 and older), both cross-sectionally (n=516) and longitudinally (n=206) in a 4-year follow-up. After age, SES, sex, and dementia status were controlled for, 4 diagnoses were negatively associated with cognition: congestive heart failure, stroke, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus, with a joint effect of 0.47 standard deviations. The impact of disease status was largest on perceptual speed and fluency, memory was impacted only by diabetes, and knowledge was not related to any somatic diagnosis. There was no differential decline in participants diagnosed with 1 of these 4 diseases and those who were not. The only cardiovascular risk factor associated with cognitive performance was alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health and Behavior and Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, USA. pverhaeg@psych.syr.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verhaegen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borchelt
authors.forename: Jacqui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001604:Berlin / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors