title: Comparison of direct radionuclide cystography and voiding direct cystography in the detection of vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to compare the results of direct radionuclide cystography (DRNC) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in a group of children with a high suspicion of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, 25 children were studied with both VCUG and DRNC. Among 50 ureter units able to be compared 39 ureter units did not show any VUR on either study. Eleven ureter units (10 children) had VUR either on one study or on both (VCUG and DRNC). In the children who had VUR on either study, a dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA) was performed to determine their cortical function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified the following four patterns: 1) Five ureter units (five children) read positive on DRNC who were negative on VCUG and four of these children had positive findings on DMSA; 2) Four ureter units (four children) read positive on VCUG who were negative on DRNC, and two of them had positive findings on DMSA; 3) Two ureters (one child) read positive in both studies and also had abnormal DMSA findings; 4) Thirty-nine ureter units read as negative on both studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the results of these two methods did not show a significant difference, DRNC offers a high sensitivity in the younger age group whereas VCUG seems to be more sensitive in the older age group. DRNC also offers continuous recording during the study, ease of assessment and lower radiation dose to the gonads, which makes it a preferable method for the initial diagnosis and follow-up of VUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey. aysunsukan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sükan
authors.forename: Aysun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bayazit
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kibar
authors.forename: Aytül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noyan
authors.forename: Süreyya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soyupak
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yapar
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anarat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D014554:Urination; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m