Effects of garlic powders with varying alliin contents on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats.
The anticarcinogenic effect of garlic has been demonstrated in both epidemiologic and experimental studies. In this study, possible mechanisms involved in the anticarcinogenic effect of garlic consumption were assessed by determining its capacity to alter drug metabolizing enzymes, in relation with its alliin content. Rats were fed a diet for 2 weeks containing 5% garlic powders produced from bulbs grown on soils with different levels of sulfate fertilization and therefore containing differing amounts of alliin. Activities of several hepatic enzymes, which are important in carcinogen metabolism such cytochromes P450 (CYP) and phase II enzymes, were determined. Garlic consumption slightly increased ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and CYP 1A2 levels. In contrast, garlic consumption decreased CYP 2E1 activity and the level of the corresponding isoform. UDP glucuronosyl transferase and glutathion S-transferase activities were increased by garlic powders. The alliin content of the garlic powders was positively correlated with UGT activity although not with other activities. Effects produced by garlic consumption were qualitatively similar to that of diallyl disulfide, a sulfur compound that has been extensively studied. These data could partially explain the chemoprotective effect of garlic.
Le Bon
Anne-Marie
AM
Unité Mixte de Recherche de Toxicologie Alimentaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 17 rue Sully, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France. lebon@dijon.inra.fr
Vernevaut
Marie-France
MF
Guenot
Lucien
L
Kahane
Remi
R
Auger
Jacques
J
Arnault
Ingrid
I
Haffner
Thomas
T
Siess
Marie-Helene
MH
D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; C006453:alliin; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D003545:Cysteine