title: Ligand distributions in agarose particles as determined by confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy.
abstract: Confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy have been used to analyze ligand distributions within individual chromatographic adsorbent particles. Three different types of particles have been investigated. The first type was synthesized to have a uniform distribution of allyl groups, whereas the two others were designed to have a surface layer of sulphopropyl groups and cores containing allyl groups and dextran, respectively. With confocal Raman spectroscopy it was possible to follow the distribution of both the surface layer and the interior. The distribution of sulphopropyl groups was evaluated with both confocal scanning laser microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy, whereas the distributions of allyl groups and dextran were evaluated only with the latter method. The results from the confocal measurements showed the expected result with a uniform distribution of allyl groups in the first type of particle and surface layers of sulphopropyl groups and cores with dextran or allyl groups for the two others.
authors.affiliation: Materials Chemistry, The Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, Se-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ljunglöf
authors.forename: Karl-Gustav
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Knuuttila
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D002847:Chromatography, Agarose / Q000379:methods*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003911:Dextrans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008024:Ligands; D013455:Sulfur; D012685:Sepharose