title: Parotid surgery using Nd:YAG laser contact tips: clinical assessment of perioperative facial nerve function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to review 51 consecutive contact Nd:YAG laser parotidectomies to determine perioperative outcomes and complications related to the facial nerve and the use of the laser tips.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Parotid surgery is mostly performed with scalpel or scissors, techniques that may put the facial nerve at risk for injury due to brisk bleeding and imprecise dissection. Even though previous experiences with Nd:YAG lasers in surgery had raised concerns of energy dispersion, the contact sapphire tips used in this series allowed accurate precise dissection and hemostasis, limiting complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Close facial nerve dissection was done at 8-12 watts, for an average total of 8,000-12,000 joules per case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant or permanent facial nerve complications resulted from the use of the laser tips, except for expected transient and reversible postoperative ipsilateral marginal mandibular nerve paresis observed in 43% of the patients-less than the generally quoted 50% expected after uneventful lateral lobe parotidectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review concludes that the contact Nd:YAG laser may offer significant technical and safety advantages, and no direct associated complications in the dissection and preservation of the facial nerve in parotidectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. fastor@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Astor
authors.forename: Kendall L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hanft
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*