title: Alternative promoters and polyadenylation regulate tissue-specific expression of Hemogen isoforms during hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis.
abstract: Hemogen is a nuclear protein encoded by HEMGN (also known as hemogen in mouse, EDAG in human and RP59 in rat). It is considered to be a hematopoiesis-specific gene that is expressed during the ontogeny of hematopoiesis. Herein, we characterize two distinct splicing variants of HEMGN mRNA with restricted expression to hematopoietic cells and to round spermatids in the testis, respectively. Expression of the testis-specific HEMGN mRNA (HEMGN-t) is developmentally regulated and is concurrent with the first wave of meiosis in prepuberal mice. Sequence analysis reveals that HEMGN-t and the hematopoietic HEMGN mRNA (HEMGN-h) share a common coding sequence with distinct 5' and 3' untranslated regions and that these two isoforms are transcribed from the same gene locus, HEMGN, through the use of alternative promoters and polyadenylation sites. Thus, HEMGN expression exemplifies a developmental regulatory mechanism by which the diversification of gene expression is achieved through using distinct regulatory sequences in different cell types. Moreover, the existence of a testis-specific isoform of HEMGN suggests a role in spermatogenesis. Finally, fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrates that HEMGN is localized to chromosome 4 A5-B2 in mouse and to chromosome 9q22 in human, which is a region known to harbor a cluster of leukemia breakpoints.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA. lili@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Li V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: Junmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Cherie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Southwood
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gow
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D016678:Genome; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D026723:Polyadenylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013087:Spermatids / Q000378:metabolism; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; C435745:HEMGN protein, human; C486660:Hemgn protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger