title: Tissue factor expression and prognosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess immunohistochemically the pattern of tissue factor (TF) expression in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, because TF is aberrantly expressed in human cancer. TF is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three patients with untreated metastatic prostate cancer who received hormonal therapy were included in the present study. Biopsy specimens were stained with anti-human TF antibody. We evaluated the histologic grade, extent of bony metastasis, clinical response to hormonal therapy, and patient prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TF was detected in 75.3% of the tumors of the patients with metastatic prostate cancer. TF expression showed no association with histologic grade, extent of bony metastasis, or clinical response to hormonal therapy. Patients with TF-positive tumors had a poorer cause-specific survival than those with TF-negative tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that TF expression, clinical response to hormonal therapy, and extent of bony metastasis were significant prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TF content measured using immunohistochemical staining was a useful prognostic factor for patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with androgen withdrawal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuse
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D013925:Thromboplastin