title: Fatty acid recycling in adipocytes: a role for glyceroneogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
abstract: FA (fatty acid) recycling in adipose tissue appears to be an important pathway for regulating FA release into the blood during fasting. Re-esterification requires G3P (glycerol 3-phosphate), which cannot be synthesized from glucose because glycolysis is much reduced under such circumstances. In addition, G3P can scarcely originate from glycerol since glycerol kinase has a very low activity in white adipose tissue. It was shown about 35 years ago that a metabolic pathway named glyceroneogenesis, which allows G3P synthesis from non-carbohydrate precursors like pyruvate, lactate or amino acids, is activated during fasting. The major enzyme in this pathway was shown to be PEPCK-C [cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP); EC 4.1.1.32]. The present review analyses the mechanisms by which a series of hormones and nutrients affect PEPCK-C gene transcription and glyceroneogenesis and describes evidence for dysregulation of this pathway in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: UMR-S 530 Inserm-Université René Descartes, Centre Universitaire-U.F.R. Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France. claude.forest@biomedicale.univ-paris5.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forest
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tordjman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glorian
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duplus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chauvet
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quette
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antoine
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP) / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP); D005990:Glycerol