Initial experience on rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among patients with silicosis in Hong Kong.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the adverse effects and treatment adherence between 2 months of rifampin plus pyrazinamide (2RZ) and 6 months of isoniazid (6H).


BACKGROUND
Patients with silicosis in Hong Kong are at high risk of acquiring tuberculosis. A previous study showed that treatment with 6H reduced the risk of silico-tuberculosis by one half.


METHODS
Patients with silicosis and a Mantoux skin test reaction > or =10 mm were randomized to receive either 2RZ or 6H daily. Liver function testing was done monthly during the initial 2 months. The adverse effects and treatment adherence were compared between the two regimens.


RESULTS
Forty patients (mean age, 61.6 +/- 9.1 years) and 36 patients (mean age, 57.6 +/- 9.7 years) were randomized to the 2RZ and 6H arms, respectively (p > 0.05) [+/- SD]. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Nineteen patients in the 2RZ arm had peak alanine transaminase (ALT) levels > 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in comparison with only five study subjects of the 6H arm (47.5% vs 13.9%, p < 0.01). Fourteen patients (35%) in the 2RZ arm and 1 patient (2.8%) in the 6H arm had peak ALT levels more than five times the ULN (p < 0.001). Only seven patients had symptoms suggestive of hepatitis; none of the patients had jaundice. All recovered after withholding treatment. In the 2RZ study arm, none of the baseline characteristics predicted hepatotoxicity. Other adverse effects were generally mild and comparable between both study arms. Treatment was stopped prematurely in 45% and 36.1% of patients in the 2RZ and 6H arms, respectively (p = 0.43). The main reasons were hepatotoxicity for the 2RZ arm and voluntary withdrawal after experiencing other minor adverse effects for the 6H arm.


CONCLUSIONS
A higher incidence of hepatotoxicity was associated with rifampin plus pyrazinamide than isoniazid in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among patients with silicosis in Hong Kong.
Leung
Chi Chiu
CC
Tuberculosis Service, Department of Health, Pneumoconiosis Clinic, Grantham Hospital, 8 Chaiwan Road 4/F, Shaukiwan, Hong Kong, China. cc_leung@dh.gov.hk
Law
Wing Sze
WS
Chang
Kwok Chiu
KC
Tam
Cheuk Ming
CM
Yew
Wing Wai
WW
Chan
Chi Kuen
CK
Wong
Man Yee
MY
D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012293:Rifampin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D012829:Silicosis / Q000150:complications*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin