title: Rectal sensation test helps avoid pain of apical prostate biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apical cores obtained during transrectal prostate biopsy are associated with greater pain than cores obtained from the remainder of the gland. We present a method to minimize this pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 30 consecutive apical biopsies the needle was purposefully placed above all rectal pain fibers, which are anatomically present only below the dentate line. All patients received a periprostatic nerve block prior to biopsy. The patient was asked if he felt the sharp sensation of the needle as it was placed lightly against the rectal mucosa when the needle was aimed at apex (the rectal sensation test). If so, the needle was advanced cranially 2 to 3 mm or until he could no longer detect its light touch. The probe handle was then rotated dorsally, pulling the rectal mucosa downward until the needle was again aimed at the apex. Patients were asked to report a visual analog pain score for each biopsy. These results were compared to those obtained when doing 30 consecutive apical biopsies without the rectal sensation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average visual analog pain score for apical biopsy was 1.25 (range 0 to 2.2) for patients in whom the rectal sensation test was used to bypass rectal pain sensory fibers. The average score in control patients in whom the rectal sensation test was not used was higher at 2.28 (range 0.3-6.2). These results were statistically significant (p > 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased sensitivity to apical prostate biopsy is due to rectal pain fibers located below the dentate line. These fibers and the associated pain may be safely avoided by passing through the rectal wall above the dentate line. The rectal sensation test easily identifies the sensate area below the dentate line. Painless apical biopsy can then be achieved by rotating the ultrasound probe to aim the biopsy needle in the desired path.
authors.affiliation: Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA. jonesS7@ccf.org
authors.forename: J Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Zippe
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000294:innervation*; D012677:Sensation; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional