title: Non-NMDA mechanism in the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and memory impairment induced by repeated ischemia in rats.
abstract: The spatial memory impairment and expression of apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 cells were investigated in rats using single and repeated ischemia models. The neuroprotective and memory-improving effect of YM-90K, an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist, was compared to MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Twice-repeated ischemia, but not single ischemia, impaired the spatial memory and increased expression of apoptotic cells. YM-90K, given before and 6 h after the second reperfusion, significantly improved the memory and reduced the apoptotic cells 7 days after the second reperfusion in repeated ischemia. MK-801 neither improved the spatial memory nor reduced apoptotic cells. The present study showed that delayed expression of apoptotic cells is mediated by mechanisms involving AMPA receptors, but not by NMDA receptor, during the late phase after reperfusion. YM-90K could provide neuroprotective activity and improve the spatial memory impaired by repeated ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. iwasakik@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Eun-hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Izzettin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hatip-Al-Khatib
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C086162:6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate