title: [Climacteric syndrome: a population-based study in Campinas, SP, Brazil].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of climacteric, urogenital and sexual symptoms in a population of Brazilian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive population-based study was conducted. The selection of 456 women aged 45-60 years, living in Campinas, SP, in 1997, was done through area cluster sampling, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data were collected via home interviews, using structured pretested questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test; a probability of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The degree of climacteric symptoms was analyzed through circulatory and psychological indices. Analysis of the main components was used to determine symptom interrelationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most prevalent symptoms were nervousness (82%), hot flushes (70%), headache (68%), irritability (67%) and sweating (59%). Hot flushes, sweating and insomnia were significantly more prevalent in the peri and postmenopausal phases. The frequency (severity) of vasomotor and psychological symptoms did not vary according to the menopause phase. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 27.4%. Complaints of dyspareunia and vaginal dryness were infrequent. Decreased libido was the most frequent sexual complaint. It was observed that some climacteric complaints were interrelated. The first cluster included hot flushes and sweating (vasomotor cluster). The second cluster included nervousness, depression and irritability (psychological cluster). The third cluster included dizziness and palpitation (atypical cluster).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Climacteric symptoms in this population were highly prevalent and similar to those described in developed Western countries.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Adriana Orcesi
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.forename: Aarão Mendes
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pinto-Neto
authors.forename: Lúcia Helena Simões
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Costa-Paiva
authors.forename: Maria José Duarte
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Osis
authors.forename: Ellen Elizabeth
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002979:Climacteric / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D013577:Syndrome