title: Increased mortality from breast cancer and inadequate axillary treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of axillary nodal status remains divisive: inaccurate staging may result in untreated axillary disease, and appropriate adjuvant therapy not being delivered. The impact of inadequate axillary treatment on survival remains controversial. We analyse the impact of failure to adequately assess the axillary nodal status on survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women with confirmed breast cancer in a 15-year period were identified, and the original pathology reports examined, and details of radiotherapy obtained. The survival of women by axillary sample size was compared to a reference group of women and corrected for nodal status, tumour size, age, deprivation category and speciality of treating surgeon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sampling less than four nodes is associated with a significantly increased risk of death. This cannot be due to understaging the extent of axillary disease nor is fully explainable by differential prescription of adjuvant therapies. We conclude that the survival of the women studied may have been adversely effected by inadequate axillary treatment.
authors.affiliation: The West of Scotland Cancer Surveillance Unit, The Department of Public Health, The University of Glasgow, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kingsmore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ssemwogerere
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hole
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012042:Registries; D016019:Survival Analysis