title: Infection control practices among tattooists and body piercers in Sydney, Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tattooing and body piercing have a long history, and both have become increasingly fashionable worldwide. There is an association between tattooing/body piercing and hepatitis B and C infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook an observational study to examine the prevalence and predictors of infection control practices among tattooists and body piercers in Sydney, Australia. Within each premise, data were obtained from owners/mangers and nominated staff completion of a knowledge and attitudes questionnaire, owner/manager demonstration of key infection control procedures, and an inspection of the premises.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consent to participate was obtained in 41 of 44 premises (93.2%). A low proportion of owners/managers and staff gave the correct answer for the purpose of disinfection (52.8%/26.9%) and sterilization (50%/53.8%). About one third of owners/managers (38.8%) and 56% of staff reported that their infection control compliance could be improved. Approximately one quarter of owners/managers reported that the frequency of inspections was inadequate. Even though the majority of demonstration and inspection items were complied with, deficiencies were observed concerning washing of hands, wearing of gloves, and sterilization procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a continuing need to improve infection control performance among tattooists and body piercers. The effectiveness of intervention approaches designed to achieve this should be explored.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Practice and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
authors.forename: Aurmporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberdorfer
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wiggers
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lecathelinais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D015995:Prevalence; D011361:Professional Competence; D011364:Professional Practice; D012307:Risk Factors; D013653:Tattooing / Q000009:adverse effects*