title: Major findings from the Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present key findings from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Maltreatment (CIS) in sufficient detail to provide a basis for international comparisons in terms of forms and severity of maltreatment and the age and sex of victims.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey conducted in a random sample of 51 child welfare service areas across Canada tracked child maltreatment investigations conducted during the months of October to December 1998, produced a national sample of 7672 child maltreatment investigations. Information was collected directly from investigating workers on child and family background, perpetrator characteristics, severity and types of maltreatment and service and court outcomes of investigations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five percent of investigations were substantiated and in a further 22% of investigations maltreatment remained suspected. Primary reasons for investigation were physical abuse (31%), sexual abuse (11%), neglect (40%), and emotional maltreatment (19%). A larger proportion of physical abuse cases are isolated incidents involving older children and are more likely to lead to injuries. Sexual abuse, neglect and emotional maltreatment involve more chronic situations with children showing signs of emotional harm. Rates of investigated and substantiated maltreatment are lower in Canada compared to the United States, but are higher than rates reported in Australia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CIS provides much needed information for developing a better understanding of the profile and needs of children and families investigated by child welfare authorities in Canada. The study also serves as a point from which international comparisons can be made.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St West, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 1A1.
authors.forename: Nico M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Trocmé
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tourigny
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: MacLaurin
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fallon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology