title: Long-term persisting interferon beta-1b neutralizing antibodies after discontinuation of treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neutralizing antibodies (NAB) against interferon beta (IFNB) with presumably negative impact on treatment outcome have been described in up to 42% of patients undergoing IFNB treatment. However, in most cases NAB decrease despite continuation of IFNB therapy. Observations on NAB after discontinuation of IFNB therapy are lacking. Here, we report for the first time on NAB which now persist for several years following discontinuation of IFNB treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present two multiple sclerosis patients followed over 8 and 10 years. NAB have been measured repeatedly and are presented together with clinical data. NAB developed after 2 years of treatment and persisted despite discontinuation of treatment at high titers for more than 4 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that IFNB therapy may induce long-term NAB production which persists even after discontinuating IFNB treatment. Possible immunological mechanisms are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reske
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walser
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: H-F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Petereit
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta