title: Rituximab induces remission in refractory HCV associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the successful induction of remission with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab in a patient with hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis and a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) resistant to previously advocated conventional treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 45 year old woman with HCV associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis, with purpura, arthralgia, constitutional symptoms, and a polyneuropathy. A malignant NHL was found as underlying lymphoproliferative disease. At this stage the disease was refractory to interferon alpha2b and ribavirin and to subsequent immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide. Six rituximab infusions targeting the CD20 antigen on cells of the B cell lineage induced remission of the vasculitis. Bone marrow biopsy disclosed absence of the NHL. Remission has subsequently been maintained and HCV eliminated with the new pegylated interferon alpha2b and ribavirin for nearly one year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transition of the underlying "benign" lymphoproliferative disease to a malignant lymphoma may result in difficult to treat HCV associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. Rituximab offers a new possibility for inducing remission in refractory HCV associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis and the lymphoproliferative disorder. After remission, HCV may subsequently be eliminated with pegylated interferon alpha2b and ribavirin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, and Rheumaklinik Bad Bramstedt, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany. lamprecht@rheuma-zentrum.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamprecht
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerin-Lozano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merz
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dennin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gause
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voswinkel
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gutzeit
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Arlt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Solbach
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012074:Remission Induction; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069283:Rituximab; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin; D000069283:Rituximab