title: Normal hepatic glycogen storage after fasting and feeding in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoglycemia is the most important acute complication in patients with type 1 diabetes. Liver glycogen is an important storage form of glucose and thus important for maintaining glucose homeostasis. To test the hypothesis whether abnormal storage of glycogen in the liver is contributing to the risk of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents, liver glycogen was measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatic glycogen concentrations were measured in 19 type 1 diabetic children and adolescents as well as in 19 age-matched controls, following overnight fasting and 4 h after two standardized meals. Hepatic glycogen was assessed by natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/- SEM) fasting hepatic glycogen concentrations measured in arbitrary units (au) were similar in type 1 diabetic subjects and controls (4.98 +/- 0.36 vs. 4.48 +/- 0.33 au; p = 0.31). Both groups presented with an increase in liver glycogen concentrations 4 h after the standardized meals (diabetic subjects 5.70 +/- 0.37 au, p = 0.01; controls 5.78 +/- 0.47 au, p < 0.01). Hepatic glycogen accumulation after feeding was 19.1% in diabetic children and adolescents compared with 35.8% in controls, but this difference did not reach significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children and adolescents with moderately controlled type 1 diabetes, hepatic glycogen stores after fasting and feeding are comparable to those of matched controls.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. cfluck@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Christa E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Flück
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slotboom
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nuoffer
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kreis
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.forename: Primus E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Mullis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D008112:Liver Glycogen