title: Promotion of mitosis by activated protein kinase B after DNA damage involves polo-like kinase 1 and checkpoint protein CHFR.
abstract: The role of the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation is well established. PKB is a key effector in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and plays a role in the initiation of S phase and in the G(2)-M transition. I report here that activated PKB shortens the G(2) arrest induced by DNA damage and promotes early entry into mitosis. Activated PKB supports high levels of expression and activity of the polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) after DNA damage as cells accumulate in G(2). The checkpoint protein CHFR implicated in degradation of Plk1 is involved in the regulation of Plk1 by PKB. PKB phosphorylates CHFR in vitro and in vivo. Expression of a mutant form of CHFR that cannot be phosphorylated by PKB results in reduction of levels of Plk1 and inhibition of mitotic entry under normal conditions and after DNA damage. Results of this study support a model in which PKB facilitates mitotic resolution of DNA damage-induced G(2) arrest by inhibiting the checkpoint function of CHFR. The deregulated activation of PKB that occurs frequently in tumors might inhibit CHFR activity after DNA damage and therefore promote Plk1 accumulation leading to the disruption of the DNA damage checkpoint.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. eshtivel@cc.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shtivelman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004285:Dogs; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D020298:U937 Cells; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1; C412002:CHFR protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human