Shoulder pain: a comparison of wheelchair athletes and nonathletic wheelchair users.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to directly compare the onset and prevalence of shoulder pain in athletic and nonathletic wheelchair users.


METHODS
A questionnaire was distributed to athletic and nonathletic wheelchair-dependent populations. This inquired about presence and duration of shoulder pain, age of subject, level of injury, duration of time since injury, wheelchair use, involvement in sports, and training habits. A total of 257 subjects were involved in the study.


RESULTS
The odds of having shoulder pain were twice as high among nonathletes as they were among athletes. This finding represents a significant difference over and above age differences, differences in years spent in a wheelchair, and differences in level of spinal cord injury. Athletes also have an average of 12 yr free of shoulder pain after becoming wheelchair bound, whereas nonathletes have only 8 yr.


CONCLUSIONS
Promotion of active exercise for wheelchair users is encouraged to decrease shoulder pain, resulting in more functional, pain-free years.
Fullerton
Heather D
HD
Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA. fullerth@musc.edu
Borckardt
Jeffrey J
JJ
Alfano
Alan P
AP
D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*