title: Outcome after later combined brachial plexus and shoulder surgery after birth trauma.
abstract: Of 22 infants aged between 11 and 29 months who underwent a combined reconstruction of the upper brachial plexus and shoulder for the sequelae of a birth injury, 19 were followed up for two or more years. The results were evaluated using a modified Gilbert scale. Three patients required a secondary procedure before follow-up. Three patients had a persistent minor internal rotation contracture. All improved by at least two grades on a modified Gilbert scale.
authors.affiliation: Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida 33176, USA.
authors.forename: J A I
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tidwell
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yaylali
mesh_terms: D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003286:Contracture / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016067:Nerve Transfer / Q000379:methods; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010246:Paralysis, Obstetric / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome