title: Vinblastine, bleomycin, and methotrexate chemotherapy plus irradiation for patients with early-stage, favorable Hodgkin lymphoma: the experience of the Gruppo Italiano Studio Linfomi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The acknowledged effectiveness of vinblastine, bleomycin, and methotrexate (VBM) chemotherapy in patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma has been associated with conflicting toxicity reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-three patients were evaluated clinically and had favorable Stage IA or IIA Hodgkin lymphoma. Ninety-three patients were treated with the standard VBM schedule combined with extended-field radiotherapy (EF-RT), leaving the choice of the therapeutic sequence free. Fifty subsequent patients were treated with a slightly modified VBM schedule (VbMp) combined with RT limited to involved fields (IF-RT) and delivered only after the end of chemotherapy. In the VbMp schedule, intervals between cycles were 21 days instead of 28 days, bleomycin doses were reduced, small doses of prednisone were given orally, and the interval before RT was prolonged.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical response was complete in 96% of patients who were treated with VBM plus EF-RT and in 94% of patients who were treated with VbMp plus IF-RT. Recurrence rates were nearly identical (12% and 11%, respectively) over necessarily different follow-up (91 months and 33 months, respectively). Hematologic toxicity was tolerable in both trials, and pulmonary side effects were moderate in the first trial and negligible in the second. On the whole, treatment was tolerated better when RT followed chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VBM regimen was confirmed to be effective in patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Administration of all cycles before RT improved tolerance; pulmonary toxicity probably is mitigated further by reduced bleomycin doses, mild prednisone therapy, and a more prolonged resting interval before RT. A slightly higher recurrence rate was expectable in the VBM plus IF-RT trial despite the actual intensification of vinblastine and methotrexate.
authors.affiliation: Medicina Interna e Oncologia Medica, Università di Pavia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. gobbipg@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: Paolo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gobbi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broglia
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dell'Olio
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stelitano
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iannitto
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bertè
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luisi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molica
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dezza
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ascari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D008727:Methotrexate