title: Seizures preferentially stimulate proliferation of radial glia-like astrocytes in the adult dentate gyrus: functional and immunocytochemical analysis.
abstract: Kainate-induced seizures increase hippocampal neurogenesis. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes with radial processes in the dentate gyrus share many of the characteristics of radial glia and appear to act as precursor cells for adult dentate neurogenesis. Using the chemoconvulsant kainate and transgenic mice with human glial-fibrillary acidic protein (hGFAP) promoter-controlled enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression, we examined the proliferation, morphology and electrophysiological properties of astrocytes in the neurogenic subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in control animals and upon the induction of seizure-induced cell proliferation, three days post-kainate. EGFP-positive cells with and without radial processes could easily be distinguished. Kainate treatment caused a significant increase in the total number of proliferating EGFP-positive cells, particularly a tenfold elevation in the number of proliferating radial glia-like astrocytes, and also caused a preferential shift in the dividing cell population towards cells expressing EGFP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a surprisingly low proportion of cells coexpressing the astroglial marker S100beta and EGFP. Kainate increased the number of EGFP-positive, S100beta-positive and S100beta-positive-EGFP-positive astrocytes in the subgranular zone. We also report a subset of faintly EGFP-positive cells expressing markers of early neuronal differentiation. Patch-clamp analysis revealed the presence of three functionally different populations of EGFP-positive cells in both kainate and control tissue. We conclude that there is an early increase in proliferating radial glia-like astrocytes in the dentate after kainate-induced seizures, consistent with a recruitment of precursors for seizure-induced neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurobiology, Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hüttmann
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadgrove
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallraff
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinterkeuser
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kirchhoff
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinhäuser
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000473:pathology*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007608:Kainic Acid; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1; D009418:S100 Proteins; C489782:SVP-38 protein, human; D012794:Sialic Acids; C103469:polysialyl neural cell adhesion molecule; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D007608:Kainic Acid