AMH/MIS: what we know already about the gene, the protein and its regulation.
(AMH/MIS) was first suggested by Jost, more than Four decades before this gonadal glycoprotein was purified and its gene and promoter sequenced. In mammals, AMH expression is triggered by SOX9 in Sertoli cells at the onset of testicular differentiation, and regulated by SF1, GATA factors, WT1, DAX1 and FSH. Ovarian granulosa cells also secrete AMH from late foetal life. In males, AMH is secreted into the bloodstream at high levels until puberty when it is down-regulated by androgens and meiotic germ cells and its directional secretion switches from the basal compartment to the seminiferous tubule lumen. In birds and reptiles, AMH expression shows particular features. Serum AMH determination is useful to study testicular function in boys and in patients with gonadal tumours. AMH levels in seminal and follicular fluid may also be of clinical use.
Rey
Rodolfo
R
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas (CONICET), Hospital de Niños R Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina. rodolforey@cedie.org.ar
Lukas-Croisier
Céline
C
Lasala
Celina
C
Bedecarrás
Patricia
P
D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D001717:Birds / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D040461:Gene Components / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012104:Reptiles / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D012733:Sex Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013735:Testicular Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
D000728:Androgens; D006023:Glycoproteins; D013735:Testicular Hormones; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone