title: Surface geometry of three packable and one hybrid composite after polishing.
abstract: This study evaluated the surface quality of four composite materials after polishing with six different polishing techniques. Eighty specimens were made using three packable composites (Definite/Degussa, SureFil/ Dentsply and Solitaire/Heraeus-Kulzer) and one hybrid composite (Herculite XRV/Kerr). Five specimens of each material were polished using flexible Sof-Lex discs. The remaining 75 specimens of each composite were prepared using three finishing protocols: a single 30 microm diamond (n = 25), two finishing diamonds (30/20 microm; n = 25) and a 30 microm diamond followed by a tungsten carbide finishing bur (n = 25). Final polishing of each of the three finishing groups was accomplished with SuperBuff, Diafix-oral, OneGloss, Astropol and HaWe Composite Polishers (n = 5, each). Surface roughness was evaluated quantitatively by laser-stylus profilometry. Average roughness (R(a)) was calculated; statistical analysis of the data was performed with two-way ANOVA and Scheffé post-hoc tests. The polished surfaces were examined qualitatively by SEM. The results showed significant effects on surface roughness from the different composites (p = 0.011) and polishing systems (p < 0.001). After polishing, the Solitaire surfaces (R(a) = 0.72 microm) were smoother than Definite (R(a) = 0.87 microm) and SureFil (R(a) = 0.89 microm) and significantly smoother than Herculite (R(a) = 0.92 microm; p = 0.011). Three of the polishing methods (SuperBuff, Diafix-oral and Astropol) achieved lower R(a)-values than Sof-Lex discs. The polishing quality of the one-step systems SuperBuff and Diafix-oral was strongly affected by the initial finishing protocol.
authors.affiliation: Policlinic for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. martin.jung@dentist.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hilka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruegger
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klimek
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003188:Composite Resins; C421785:Definite composite resin; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D012833:Siloxanes; C113049:Solitaire composite resin; C403464:SureFil packable composite; D013729:Terpenes; D017971:Tin Compounds; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D014867:Water; C002802:tungsten carbide; C065770:Herculite XR; C000499:ferric oxide; D018130:Diamond; C045358:stannic oxide; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C022088:silicon carbide