title: Purification of triolein for use in semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs).
abstract: Analyses of triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) have sometimes been impeded by interferences caused by impurities endemic to triolein that codialyze with the analytes. Oleic acid and methyl oleate have been the most troublesome of these impurities because of their relatively high concentrations in triolein and because significant residues of both can persist even after size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) fractionation. These residues have also been blamed for false-positive signals during bioindicator testing of SPMD dialysates. To prevent these problems, a simple, cost-effective procedure was developed for purifying triolein destined for use in SPMDs: the bulk triolein is repeatedly (6x) partitioned against methanol. Tests of the procedure show that 14C-oleic acid is completely removed from the triolein. After SEC fractionation, dialysates of standard-size SPMDs made with the purified triolein contain less than 5 microg of methyl oleate as compared to sometimes more than 500 microg for dialysates (also after SEC) of SPMDs made with unpurified triolein. Gas chromatographic analyses with flame ionization and electron capture detection show that the purification treatment also greatly reduces the number and size of peaks caused by unidentified contaminants in the triolein. Microtox basic assay of dialysates of SPMDs shows that those made with the purified triolein have lower acute toxicities than dialysates of SPMDs made with unpurified triolein. Yeast estrogen screen (YES) testing of SPMDs fabricated with unpurified and purified triolein demonstrates that the purification process removes all background estrogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: USGS, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. jon_lebo@usgs.gov
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lebo
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Cranor
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Huckins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastall
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003956:Dialysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010539:Permeability; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014304:Triolein / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014304:Triolein; D019301:Oleic Acid