title: The prevalence and impact of accommodations on the employment of persons 51-61 years of age with musculoskeletal conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide estimates of the frequency with which persons 51 to 61 years of age with musculoskeletal conditions receive workplace accommodations from their employers and to determine if the receipt of such accommodations is associated with higher rates of employment two years later.
  
  
  METHODS
  The estimates derive from the Health and Retirement Survey, a national probability sample of 8,781 respondents who were interviewed both in 1992 and 1994 and who were between the ages of 51 and 61 years, of whom 5,495 reported one or more musculoskeletal conditions. We tabulated the frequency of accommodations provided in 1992 and then estimated the impact of accommodations and demographic and medical characteristics on 1994 employment status, using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1992, about 14.40 million persons aged 51-61 years reported a musculoskeletal condition. Of these, 1.32 million (9.2%) reported a disability and were employed, the target population for accommodations. Overall, fewer than 1 in 5 persons with musculoskeletal conditions who had a disability and were employed indicated that they had received any form of accommodation on their current jobs. Although no form of accommodation was reported with great frequency, the most commonly used ones included getting someone to help do one's job (12.1%), scheduling more breaks during the work day (9.5%), changing the time that the work day started and stopped (6.3%), having a shorter work day (5.6%), getting special equipment (5.3%), and changing the work tasks (5.3%). Persons with one or more accommodations in 1992, however, were no more likely to be working in 1994 than those with none. Only one specific accommodation--getting someone to help do one's job--was associated with a higher rate of employment in 1994.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Receipt of employment accommodations occurred infrequently, and was not generally associated with an improvement in the employment rate of persons with musculoskeletal conditions and disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yelin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sonneborn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trupin
mesh_terms: D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016832:Employment, Supported / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017132:Workplace