title: [Testicular leukemic infiltration].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To remind that despite its low incidence, leukemic relapse in the testicles worsens the prognosis of this haematopoietic neoplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report the case of a 20-year-old male suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission after induction and maintenance treatment, who suffered a leukemic relapse in both testicles. Diagnosis was made by ultrasound and confirmed after bilateral testicular biopsies. The patient died due to fungal infection after new treatment with systemic chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is necessary to suspect the existence of leukemic cells within the testicles in patients with this disease, mainly acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who present with acute testicular symptoms. Testicular biopsy confirms the diagnosis. Treatment is systemic, with testicular radiation to eradicate the leukemic reservoir. Despite the achievement of local disease control, this situation worsens the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología Hospital de Cruces Pz. de Cruces s/n 48903 Baracaldo, Vizcaya, España.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Llarena Ibarguren
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lecumberri Castaños
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padilla Nieva
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crespo Atín
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín Bazaco
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Azurmendi Sastre
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eizaguirre Zarza
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pertusa Peña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D017254:Leukemic Infiltration / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000150:complications; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography