title: MEG tomography of human cortex and brainstem activity in waking and REM sleep saccades.
abstract: We recorded the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signal from three subjects before, during and after eye movements cued to a tone, self-paced, awake and during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During sleep we recorded the MEG signal throughout the night together with electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) channels to construct a hypnogram. While awake, just prior to and during eye movements, the expected well time-locked physiological activations were imaged in pontine regions, with early 3 s priming. Activity in the frontal eye fields (FEF) was identified in the 300 ms before the saccade onset. Visual cortex activation occurred 200 ms after saccades. During REM, compared to the eyes closed awake condition, activity was higher in supplementary motor area (SMA) and lower in inferior parietal and precuneus cortex. Electro-occulographic (EOG) activity just prior to REM saccades correlated with bilateral pontine and FEF activity some 250-400 ms before REM saccade onset, which in turn was preceded 200 ms earlier by reciprocal activation of the pons and FEF. An orbitofrontal-amygdalo-parahippocampal-pontine sequence, possibly related to emotional activation during REM sleep, was identified in the last 100 ms leading to the REM saccade, but not linked to saccade initiation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. ioannides@postman.riken.go.jp
authors.forename: Andreas A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ioannides
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corsi-Cabrera
authors.forename: Peter B C
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: del Rio Portilla
authors.forename: Nikos A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Laskaris
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khurshudyan
authors.forename: Dionyssios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theofilou
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kostopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000502:physiology; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D011149:Pons / Q000502:physiology; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D014054:Tomography; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*