title: Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a preliminary decision analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) improve functional status, quality of life (QOL), and survival. Clinicians must chose between very different therapies without the availability of comparison studies. We constructed a "virtual" clinical trial to help inform these treatment choices.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compare key outcomes related to survival, costs, and QOL using a Markov-type decision model to estimate the expected outcomes and costs for PAH patients treated for 1 year with bosentan and treprostinil compared to patients treated with epoprostenol, as well as patients treated with bosentan compared to those treated with treprostinil. The allowed transitions in the model were between World Health Organization functional class I to IV and death. Transition probabilities were based on observed transitions for bosentan. Treatment effect was estimated using 6-min walk data for treprostinil and epoprostenol. Utilities were calculated from estimated EuroQol health states. Cost was estimated from average wholesale price and Medicare reimbursement data. The effects of changing values of input variables on the key outcomes were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with bosentan compared to treatment with either epoprostenol or treprostinil was less costly and resulted in a greater gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Conversely, treprostinil was significantly more expensive than epoprostenol, without an appreciable gain in QALYs. These findings were not substantially affected by the reasonable adjustments of transition probabilities, utility values, or tachyphylaxis to epoprostenol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with bosentan is more cost-effective than treatment with either treprostinil or epoprostenol. In addition, a net improvement in quality-adjusted survival may be expected.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 812 CSB, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. highlakb@musc.edu
authors.forename: Kristin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Highland
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strange
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: Kit N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077300:Bosentan; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D008390:Markov Chains; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D011464:Epoprostenol; D000077300:Bosentan; C427248:treprostinil