title: Dendritic cells charged with apoptotic tumor cells induce long-lived protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity against B16 melanoma.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs and attractive vectors for cancer immunotherapy. Using the B16 melanoma, a poorly immunogenic experimental tumor that expresses low levels of MHC class I products, we investigated whether DCs loaded ex vivo with apoptotic tumor cells could elicit combined CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell dependent, long term immunity following injection into mice. The bone marrow-derived DCs underwent maturation during overnight coculture with apoptotic melanoma cells. Following injection, DCs migrated to the draining lymph nodes comparably to control DCs at a level corresponding to approximately 0.5% of the injected inoculum. Mice vaccinated with tumor-loaded DCs were protected against an intracutaneous challenge with B16, with 80% of the mice remaining tumor-free 12 wk after challenge. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were efficiently primed in vaccinated animals, as evidenced by IFN-gamma secretion after in vitro stimulation with DCs loaded with apoptotic B16 or DCs pulsed with the naturally expressed melanoma Ag, tyrosinase-related protein 2. In addition, B16 melanoma cells were recognized by immune CD8(+) T cells in vitro, and cytolytic activity against tyrosinase-related protein 2(180-188)-pulsed target cells was observed in vivo. When either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells were depleted at the time of challenge, the protection was completely abrogated. Mice receiving a tumor challenge 10 wk after vaccination were also protected, consistent with the induction of tumor-specific memory. Therefore, DCs loaded with cells undergoing apoptotic death can prime melanoma-specific helper and CTLs and provide long term protection against a poorly immunogenic tumor in mice.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Romina S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Goldszmid
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Idoyaga
authors.forename: Alicia I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mordoh
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wainstok
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins