title: Outcome of breast-conserving therapy in the Tokyo Women's Medical University Breast Cancer Society experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The results of BCT in Japanese women have not been fully evaluated. The Tokyo Women's Medical University Breast Cancer Society initiated BCT protocols in 1987. Here, we present a retrospective analysis of BCT outcomes and identify prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 348 patients (353 breasts) with UICC clinical stage 0,I or II breast cancer, for whom wide excision (n= 294), quadrantectomy (n= 56) and tumorectomy (n= 3) were performed. The final pathological margin states were positive in 102 breasts (cancer cells remained within 5 mm of the surgical margin). The whole breast was irradiated to a total dose with 44 Gy/20 fractions or 46 Gy/23 fractions in the patients with negative surgical margins. The patients with positive or close margins received 48.4 Gy/22 fractions or 50 Gy/25 fractions irradiation to the whole breast. All but 2 patients received a radiation boost to the tumor bed and all tumor beds were irradiated to more than 53 Gy. Adjuvant therapy was administered in 240 cases. The median follow-up time was 4.3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year overall, cause-specific and disease-free survival rates were 95.8%, 97.3% and 92.5%, respectively. Recurrence was observed in 29 patients including 11 patients with loco-regional recurrence. Local recurrence was observed in 6 patients, 5 of whom were premenopausal. The 5-year local control and loco-regional control rates were 98.9% and 96.6%, respectively. T status (T1 to T2) was the only significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival. No severe morbidity has been observed. Cosmetic results were excellent or good in 73% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our BCT protocols provide a high rate of local control and good cosmetic outcome. Pathologic margin status was not a major prognostic factor for local recurrence. Long term follow-up is required to reach a definite conclusion on optimal BCT protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan. kkarasaw@med juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamio
authors.forename: Tsunehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kameoka
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aiba
authors.forename: Mazaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome