title: Towards a psyche for psychiatry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To draw attention to the absence of a concept of personal existence in standard psychiatric approaches to mental illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  To sketch a shift in Western consciousness which occurred suddenly before World War I, involving a banishment of such notions as self and the awareness of inner life from the discourse of psychiatry, psychology and philosophy, leaving a fundamental vacancy at the heart of these disciplines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positivist-behaviourist hegemony of the twentieth century involved an implicit devaluation of that which is essentially human. The influence of this tradition brings with it the risk of an understanding and treatment of mental illness which leaves out issues at the core of humanity. I suggest we need to recover something of the manner of thinking of the great figures in psychological thought who were writing before the rise of behaviourism and who were contributing to the origins of dynamic psychiatry. A study of the phenomena of human consciousness was central to their work. Main figures mentioned include: Hughlings Jackson, the great neurologist who considered a career in philosophy; Pierre Janet, a philosopher turned psychiatrist; and William James, a physiologist who became a psychologist and philosopher.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia. rmeares@usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meares
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000266:history* / Q000523:psychology*; D009462:Neurology / Q000266:history; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States