title: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by 7-hydroxystaurosporine and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors in human leukemia cells that ectopically express Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that cotreatment with mitogen activated-protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitors (e.g., PD184352) and the checkpoint abrogator 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) dramatically induces apoptosis in a variety of human leukemia and multiple myeloma cell types. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of Bcl-2 family members and the relative contribution of the intrinsic mitochondrial versus the extrinsic receptor-related apoptotic pathways to MEK inhibitors/UCN-01-induced leukemic cell death. Cotreatment of U937 cells with PD184352 and UCN-01 resulted in the activation of procaspase-3, -9, and -8 as well as Bid cleavage. PD184352/UCN-01-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis were both substantially attenuated in cells ectopically expressing Bcl-2, an N-terminal phosphorylation loop-deleted mutant Bcl-2, or Bcl-xL, but not in cells expressing dominant-negative (DN) caspase-8, cytokine response modifier A (cowpox virus-encoded antiapoptotic protein), or DN Fas-associated death domain. Coadministration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or TNF-alpha substantially increased MEK inhibitors (e.g., PD184352 or U0126)/UCN-01-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of procaspase-8 and Bid, and apoptosis in Bcl-2- and Bcl-xL-overexpressing cells but not in those in which the extrinsic pathway was interrupted. Together, these findings suggest that the MEK inhibitors/UCN-01 regimen primarily induces leukemic cell apoptosis by engaging the intrinsic, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and that resistance to these events conferred by increased expression of certain antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members can be overcome, at least in part, by coadministration of TRAIL and other agents that activate the extrinsic apoptotic cascade.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV Station Box 230, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. stgrant@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020298:U937 Cells; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C054852:7-hydroxystaurosporine; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019311:Staurosporine