title: The fate of 14C-diazinon in compost, compost-amended soil, and uptake by earthworms.
abstract: A process for disposing of pesticide rinsates using sorption onto organic matter followed by composting is being evaluated. As a part of this evaluation process, we have studied the bioavailability of composted delta-2-14C-diazinon and its degradation products to earthworms (Eisenia foetida Savigny) in 30 and 60 d compost amended soil. After 60 d of composting there was considerable degradation of diazinon (95%) and a corresponding increase in the primary hydrolysis product, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMHP) as determined by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Approximately 50% of the radioactivity became incorporated into the non-extractable fractions associated with composted organic matter with no measurable amounts of 14CO2 produced during the 60-day composting period. Following addition of the composted materials to soil, diazinon leading to 50% mortality after 14 d of exposure; continued to slowly degrade and become increasingly sorbed/entrapped within the soil-compost matrix. Soil amended with 30-d composted diazinon was toxic to earthworms whereas, no mortality was observed in those earthworms exposed to the 60-d composted diazinon. However, earthworms exposed to 30-d and 60-d composted diazinon were found to have similar levels of radioactivity in their tissues. The majority of the radioactivity in earthworms exposed 60-d composted diazinon was either unextractably bound within the earthworm tissue or was not acetone soluble. Most of the radioactivity that could be extracted with acetone was not separated by the two HPTLC methods we used. This study demonstrates that composting high concentrations of diazinon can greatly reduce toxicity and the amount of diazinon that is bioavailable to a representative soil macroinvertebrate (E. foetida).
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Jarrod E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Leland
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: Duane F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001682:Biological Availability; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003976:Diazinon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003976:Diazinon