title: Characterization of the chick carrageenan response.
abstract: The present study characterized carrageenan inflammatory nociception in the 7-day-old domestic chick. The time course effects of foot withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus and edema were examined over a 6-h period following an intraplantar carrageenan (0.0-1.0%) injection. Carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and edema had a similar course of action, enduring for approximately 6 h, with a peak effect at approximately 2 h post carrageenan injection. Carrageenan inflammation was produced in a robust concentration dependent manner. Carrageenan hyperalgesia was induced at all concentrations tested and no carrageenan concentration effects were discerned. In a subsequent series of experiments we challenged the carrageenan inflammation model with systemic administration of the opioid agonist morphine, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen or the steroidal antiinflammatory drug dexamethasone. Morphine produced a dose dependent attenuation of carrageenan hyperalgesia but had no effect upon carrageenan inflammation. Naproxen produced a moderate attenuation of carrageenan inflammation and hyperalgesia. Dexamethasone dramatically attenuated both carrageenan hyperalgesia and inflammation. Collectively, these experiments characterize the chick carrageenan response and demonstrate the potential of the chick carrageenan inflammation model as a less expensive adjunct model of inflammatory nociception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA. jtroach@rfdn.org
authors.forename: J Todd
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sufka
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002351:Carrageenan; D002645:Chickens; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009288:Naproxen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011930:Reaction Time; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D009288:Naproxen; D009020:Morphine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002351:Carrageenan