title: Influence of sexual hormone antagonists on the anticonvulsant action of conventional antiepileptic drugs against electrically- and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice.
abstract: The present results refer to the action of three gonadal steroid antihormones, tamoxifen (TXF, an estrogen antagonist), cyproterone acetate (CYP, an antiandrogen) and mifepristone (MIF, a progesterone antagonist) on seizure phenomena in mice. TXF and CYP at their lowest protective dose in the electroconvulsive threshold test, enhanced the antiseizure efficacy of some antiepileptic drugs. TXF (20 mg/kg) potentiated the protective activity of valproate, diphenylhydantoin and clonazepam, but not that of carbamazepine or phenobarbital, against maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in female mice. CYP (40 mg/kg) enhanced the anticonvulsant action of valproate, carbamazepine, diphenylhydantoin and clonazepam, but not that of phenobarbital, against maximal electroshock in male animals. MIF failed to affect the electroconvulsive threshold or the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in maximal electroshock. The effect of TXF or CYP upon the electroconvulsive threshold and on the action of antiepileptics was not reversed by sex steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone, progesterone). However, the TXF-induced elevation of the electroconvulsive threshold was abolished by bicuculline, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and kainic acid, and partially reversed by aminophylline, strychnine being ineffective in this respect. The action of CYP on the threshold for electroconvulsions was partially reversed by bicuculline and aminophylline. Both glutamatergic agonists and strychnine remained ineffective in this respect. Moreover, the action of TXF or CYP on the activity of antiepileptics was not influenced by strychnine, and reversed to various extents by the remaining convulsants. In contrast to maximal electroshock, none of the three antihormones affected the protective action of antiepileptic drugs against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice. Neither TXF nor CYP altered the free plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs, so a pharmacokinetic interaction is not probable. The combined treatment of the two antihormones with antiepileptic drugs, providing 50% protection against maximal electroshock, did not affect motor performance in mice, and did not result in significant long-term memory deficits. Our data indicate that steroid receptor-mediated events may be indirectly associated with seizure phenomena in the central nervous system and can modulate the protective activity of some conventional antiepileptic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Lublin Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Kinga K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Borowicz
authors.forename: Jarogniew
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Łuszczki
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swiader
authors.forename: Zdzislaw
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kleinrok
authors.forename: Stanislaw J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Czuczwar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000633:toxicity; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole