title: Distinctive neuropsychological patterns in frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of a brief neuropsychological bedside screening battery to discriminate between Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, and semantic dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 21 patients with frontotemporal dementia, 14 patients with semantic dementia, and 30 patients with Alzheimer disease comparable in terms of Mini Mental Status Examination score, age, and education. Frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia diagnoses were made clinically using the consensus criteria of Neary et al. 1 Subjects were administered a brief neuropsychological screening assessing episodic memory, working memory, executive function, naming, spatial ability, abstract reasoning, and calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the Alzheimer disease and semantic dementia groups were significantly impaired relative to the frontotemporal dementia group on verbal memory, whereas only the Alzheimer disease group was impaired on visual memory. Frontotemporal dementia patients performed significantly worse on backward digit span and made significantly more executive errors than Alzheimer disease and semantic dementia patients. Semantic dementia patients were more impaired than Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia patients on confrontation naming. Discriminant function analyses identified the 5 most discriminating variables that correctly classified 89.2% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and Alzheimer disease are associated with distinct neuropsychological profiles that classify these dementia syndromes with considerable success. The neuropsychological profiles highlight the distinctiveness between the 3 syndromes, are consistent with the known loci of neuropathology in these conditions, and can potentially serve as an adjunct to the current clinical criteria.
authors.affiliation: University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. kramer@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Joel H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jurik
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Kate P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Julene K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012660:Semantics; D013028:Space Perception; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*