title: Long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in the control of severe intraocular inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the previously demonstrated short-term efficacy of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; CellCept, Roche) is maintained in the long-term management of refractory uveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was an open-label, non-comparative retrospective series of 14 patients with refractory uveitis and treated with MMF for a mean of >33 months. Mycophenolate mofetil was given at a dosage of 1 g (oral) twice daily. Indications included prednisolone reduction, additive agent with cyclosporin, or replacement therapy (azathioprine or methotrexate). The intraocular inflammatory response, side-effects, and toxicity were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraocular inflammation remained under control in 10 patients, unchanged in three and deteriorated in one patient. Transient side-effects included tiredness, headache and dizziness (one patient each, lasting less than 2 weeks from the time of MMF introduction). Mycophenolate mofetil was stopped in one patient because of absence of prolonged clinical improvement. Vision improved in 25% (7 eyes), did not change in 50% (14 eyes), but was reduced in 25% (7 eyes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycophenolate mofetil is safe for long-term usage and is recommended for treatment of refractory panuveitis or posterior uveitis with uncontrolled inflammation despite high prednisolone maintenance dosage (>15 mg/day) or toxicity or lack of efficacy of other immuno-suppressive agents. However, MMF is less effective for refractory uveitis unresponsive to azathioprine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
authors.forename: Chun H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lightman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid