title: Simulation and management games for training command and control in emergencies.
abstract: The aim of our project was to introduce and implement simulation techniques in a problematic field of increasing health care system preparedness for disasters. This field was chosen as knowledge is gained by few experienced staff members who need to disperse it to others during the busy routine work of the system personnel. Knowledge management techniques ranging from classifying the current data, centralized organizational knowledge storage and using it for decision making and dispersing it through the organization--were used in this project. In the first stage we analyzed the current system of building a preparedness protocol (set of orders). We identified the pitfalls of changing personnel and loosing knowledge gained through lessons from local and national experience. For this stage we developed a database of resources and objects (casualties) to be used in the simulation in different possibilities. One of those was the differentiation between drills with trainer and those in front of computers enable to set the needed solution. The model rules for different scenarios of multi-casualty incidents from conventional warfare trauma to combined chemical/toxicological as well as, levels of care pre and inside hospitals--were incorporated to the database management system (we used Microsoft Access' DBMS). The hardware for management game was comprised of serial computers with network and possibility of projection of scenes. For prehospital phase the possibility of portable PC's and connections to central server was used to assess bidirectional flow of information. Simulation software (ARENA) and graphical interfase (Visual Basic, GUI) as shown in the attached figure. We hereby conclude that our system provides solutions which are in use in different levels of healthcare system to assess and improve management command and control for different scenarios of multi-casualty incidents.
authors.affiliation: Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. llevi@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bregman
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D014218:Triage