title: [Pulmonary embolism: analysis of cases without initial suspicion and sensitivity of three clinical models].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent and severe condition. Although clinical models do exist, many patients are wrongly diagnosed. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with PE who are admitted at a hospital without initial clinical suspicion of it. We also evaluated the sensitivity of three clinical models in order to categorize the pre-test probability of PE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of clinical cases of PE diagnosed in a teaching hospital during one year. We compared the clinical features of patients whose PE was not initially suspected with those of patients in whom PE was a first diagnosis. The three clinical models were applied in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  58 patients were identified. In 15 out of them (26%), PE was not an initial diagnosis. Patients without an initial PE suspicion were older, and previous surgery was less frequent among them. The clinical models exhibited sensitivities (60, 85, 89%) which were lower than those previously reported but higher than the doctor's initial clinical suspicion (74%). The models showed bad agreement between them (kappa = 0.06-0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An initial misdiagnosis of PE is not justified by atypical clinical characteristics. The use of clinical models would improve the clinical suspicion.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. SACYL. Salamanca. España. corralgudino@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corral Gudino
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guijo Hernández
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreiro Barroso
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez Arellano
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: del Pino Montes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity