title: Dynamics of the cell cycle: checkpoints, sizers, and timers.
abstract: We have developed a generic mathematical model of a cell cycle signaling network in higher eukaryotes that can be used to simulate both the G1/S and G2/M transitions. In our model, the positive feedback facilitated by CDC25 and wee1 causes bistability in cyclin-dependent kinase activity, whereas the negative feedback facilitated by SKP2 or anaphase-promoting-complex turns this bistable behavior into limit cycle behavior. The cell cycle checkpoint is a Hopf bifurcation point. These behaviors are coordinated by growth and division to maintain normal cell cycle and size homeostasis. This model successfully reproduces sizer, timer, and the restriction point features of the eukaryotic cell cycle, in addition to other experimental findings.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. zqu@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Zhilin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: W Robb
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: MacLellan
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D016193:G1 Phase; D016195:G2 Phase; D008938:Mitosis; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016213:Cyclins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases