title: Predictable and efficient retroviral gene transfer into murine bone marrow repopulating cells using a defined vector dose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current protocols of retroviral gene transfer into murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) result in variable gene transfer efficiency and involve various procedures that are not clinically applicable. We developed and evaluated a reliable transduction protocol that is more related to clinical methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  HSC were enriched from steady-state bone marrow by magnetic cell sorting (lineage depletion) and cultured in defined serum-free medium containing an improved growth factor cocktail (Flt3-ligand, stem cell factor, interleukin-3, interleukin-11). Cell-free ecotropic retroviral vector particles, generated by transient transfection of human 293T-based packaging cells, were preloaded at defined titers on CH296-coated tissue culture plates, thus largely avoiding serum contamination. These conditions were evaluated in 17 experiments involving 29 transduction cultures and 185 recipient mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After two rounds of infection, the gene marking rates in cultured mononuclear cells and stem/progenitor cells (Lin(-)c-Kit(+)) were 15 to 85% (53.7%+/-21.7%, n=23) and 30 to 95% (69.8%+/-20.4%, n=17), respectively. Even after one round of infection, gene transfer was efficient (31.2%+/-15.1%, n=12). Using identical conditions, gene transfer rates were highly reproducible. Average transgene expression in reconstituted animals correlated well with pretransplant data. Using a moderate multiplicity of infection, the majority of transduced cells carried less than three transgene copies. In addition, coinfection was possible to establish two different vectors in single cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protocol described here achieves efficient retroviral transduction of murine bone marrow repopulating cells with a defined gene dosage, largely avoiding procedures that decrease stem cell output and repopulating capacity. This protocol may help to improve the predictive value of preclinical efficiency/toxicity studies for gene therapeutic interventions and basic research.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Zhixiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwieger
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraunus
authors.forename: Hanying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van den Akker
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Modlich
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serinsöz
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Laer
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stocking
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fehse
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schiedlmeier
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D018628:Gene Dosage; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000592:standards; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D014161:Transduction, Genetic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics