title: Immunological and clinical effects of post-transplant G-CSF versus placebo in T-cell replete allogeneic blood transplant patients: results from a randomized double-blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunological and clinical effects of post-transplant growth factor administration have not been well studied. This report describes the outcome and immune functions of a total of 50 HLA-matched related donor allogeneic blood stem-cell transplantation patients who received post-transplant G-CSF (10 microg/kg) or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immune status, including number of lymphocyte subsets and their functions, and serum immunoglobulin levels and clinical status--including GvHD, rate of relapse, event-free survival, and overall survival--were determined in the patients enrolled in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients survived 1 year after transplant, and 15 patients had available results to compare immune function by randomization assignment. At 12 months post-transplant, immune parameters in G-CSF versus placebo groups showed no statistically significant differences in number of circulating lymphocyte subsets CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD56 in the two groups. There was no significant (NS) difference in immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM levels, NK or LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity levels, and mitogen-induced proliferation between post-transplant G-CSF and placebo group. In addition, the analyses of immune parameters at earlier time-points on Days 28, 100, 180, and 270 revealed that, except for LAK cytotoxicity at Day 100, there was no differences between the two groups. Fourteen of 26 patients are alive in the G-CSF arm and nine of 24 in the placebo arm. Median follow-up of surviving patients is 43 months. Four year overall and event-free survival in the G-CSF and the placebo group were 53% and 35% (NS), and 44% and 36% (NS) respectively. Bacterial or fungal infections were the cause of six of 12 deaths in the G-CSF arm (all bacterial) and of four of 15 deaths in the placebo arm (two deaths from Aspergillus) (P=0.26). Two patients relapsed in the G-CSF arm and three in the placebo arm. Four year cumulative incidences of relapse were 8% versus 13% in G-CSF versus placebo arms, respectively, (NS). Chronic GvHD developed in 14 of 19 100-day survivors after G-CSF (11 extensive stage), and in 17 of 20 (14 extensive stage) in the placebo arm. The 4-year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was 56% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24-88%] after G-CSF and 71% (95% CI 48-94%) after placebo; this difference was not statistically significant (log rank P=0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, there were no significant immunological or alterations in clinical benefit of post-transplant G-CSF administration in T-replete allotransplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 986395, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tarantolo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abhyankar
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bierman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vose
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGuirk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foran
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bociek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Armitage
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kessinger
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Pavletic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D018579:Patient Selection; D036102:Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008934:Mitogens; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor