title: Comparison of general and spinal anesthesia and their influence on hemostatic markers in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the profile of molecular hemostatic markers in patients receiving either spinal or balanced general anesthesia for total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, randomized, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthopedic unit and central laboratory of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 consenting ASA physical status II and III inpatients undergoing total hip arthroplasty with general balanced anesthesia (n = 10) or spinal (regional) anesthesia (n = 16).
  
  
  METHODS
  The time course of seven procoagulatory and fibrinolytic parameters was examined during and after surgery in both groups of patients (general and regional). Blood samples were drawn on the day before surgery, directly before induction of general anesthesia or regional anesthesia, respectively, intraoperatively (before bone manipulation), at the end of surgery, and on the mornings of postoperative days 1 and 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coagulation samples were centrifuged within 1 hour of collection at 2,300 g for 15 minutes at 4 degrees C. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin, and protein C were measured immediately on arrival at the laboratory. Specimens were then aliquoted and stored at -70 degrees C. Within 2 weeks, samples were thawed and prepared for the following assays: thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT complexes), D-dimers, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and plasminogen and plasmin inhibitor. Maximum activation of coagulation was not reached until 2 hours postoperatively and then slowly decreased until normal values were reached around the fifth postoperative day. Parameters displaying the greatest changes were antithrombin and D-dimers. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups at the individual time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial hypothesis that the lesser risk of postoperative DVT in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in regional anesthesia is reflected in the course of the plasmatic molecular markers of hemostasis could not be verified. There were no significant differences in the timely course of the markers at any given time point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Subdivision of Hemostaseology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23528 Luebeck, Germany. hijs.brueckner@gmx.de
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brueckner
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reinke
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roth-Isigkeit
authors.forename: Sawas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eleftheriadis
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmucker
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim G
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Siemens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D010976:Platelet Count; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases