title: Regional distribution of bovine Neospora caninum infection in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate modelled by Logistic regression.
abstract: To obtain a rapid overview over the distribution of bovine Neospora caninum-infections in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, an ELISA to determine specific bovine antibodies against a p38 surface antigen of N. caninum tachyzoites was modified to examine bulk milk samples from cattle herds. Experimental bulk milk samples were used to demonstrate that the seroprevalence in a group of animals can be estimated with this ELISA. A cut-off was selected for the specific detection of herds having a seroprevalence > or =10%. About 90% of the dairy herds located in Rhineland-Palatinate were examined. An overall prevalence of bulk milk-positive herds of 7.9% (95% confidence interval 7.0-8.9%), respectively, was determined. Major regional differences in the distribution of bulk milk-positive herds were observed. Prevalences were higher in regions with an increased degree of urbanisation. Logistic regression was applied to model the prevalence of bulk milk-positive herds on a district and city level. Variables describing the dog density, mean temperature in July, mean temperature in January and the total yearly precipitation in districts and cities were able to explain most of the observed variability in the regional prevalences. Our results provide evidence that in addition to risk factors related to individual farms also risk factors related to the farm location such as dog density in the surrounding and climate factors are important in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Seestrasse 55, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. g.schares@wus.bfav.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schares
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bärwald
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staubach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klöss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wurm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Labohm
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dräger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fasen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Conraths
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D005858:Germany; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D018688:Neospora / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan