title: Nasolabial and alveolar morphology following presurgical orthopaedic treatment in complete unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess the three-dimensional (3-D) facial and alveolar morphology of patients with unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate by means of a computer-aided diagnosis system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maxillary orthopaedic treatment was performed using soft/hard acrylic plates (Hotz's) within 2 weeks of birth. The nasolabial and alveolar morphology of 15 patients was evaluated before orthopaedic treatment (2 weeks of age) and before cheiloplasty (3 months of age). Nasolabial form was measured using a 3-D optical scanner. Twenty-one landmarks were extracted from the data and analysed linearly and angularly. Alveolar forms were measured with a high-accuracy contact-type 3-D digitizer on plaster casts. Seven landmarks were digitized and analysed linearly and angularly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some growth was observed in the intercanthal distance, alar width, intercommissural width, and height of the lip. There was little change in the width of the cleft lip or displacement of the columella base, while the alveolar cleft narrowed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presurgical orthopaedics reduces cleft width and makes subsequent surgery easier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. yamada@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology*; D003765:Models, Dental; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology*; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D010158:Palatal Obturators; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins