title: Activation systems for latent matrix metalloproteinase-2 are upregulated immediately after focal cerebral ischemia.
abstract: During focal cerebral ischemia, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) can contribute to the loss of microvessel integrity within ischemic regions by degrading the basal lamina. MMP-2 is secreted in latent form (pro-MMP-2), but the activation of pro-MMP-2 in the ischemic territory has not been shown. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies of the expression of the direct activators of MMP-2, MT1-MMP and MT3-MMP, and the indirect activation system tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase (u-PA), its receptor (u-PAR), and its inhibitor PAI-1 after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were undertaken in basal ganglia samples from 26 adolescent male baboons. The expressions of all three MMPs, u-PA, u-PAR, and PA1-1, but not tissue plasminogen activator, were increased from 1 hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the ischemic core. mRNA transcripts confirmed the increases in latent MMP-2, u-PA, u-PAR, and PAI-1 antigen very early after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The expression patterns are consistent with secretion of pro-MMP-2 and its activators in the ischemic core, perhaps from separate cell compartments. The rapid and coordinate appearance of pro-MMP-2 and its activation apparatus suggest that in the primate striatum this protease may participate in matrix injury during focal cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Dae-Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosomi
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucero
authors.forename: Ji-Hoe
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abumiya
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mazar
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: del Zoppo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D008833:Microcirculation; D010215:Papio; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2