title: Mechanisms of proinflammatory cytokine-induced biphasic NF-kappaB activation.
abstract: The transcription factor NF-kappaB regulates genes involved in innate and adaptive immune response, inflammation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Proinflammatory cytokines induce the activation of NF-kappaB in both transient and persistent phases. We investigated the mechanism for this biphasic NF-kappaB activation. Our results show that MEKK3 is essential in the regulation of rapid activation of NF-kappaB, whereas MEKK2 is important in controlling the delayed activation of NF-kappaB in response to stimulation with the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha. MEKK3 is involved in the formation of the IkappaBalpha:NF-kappaB/IKK complex, whereas MEKK2 participates in assembling the IkappaBbeta:NF-kappaB/IKK complex; these two distinct complexes regulate the proinflammatory cytokine-induced biphasic NF-kappaB activation. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism in which different MAP3K and IkappaB isoforms are involved in specific complex formation with IKK and NF-kappaB for regulating the biphasic NF-kappaB activation. These findings provide further insight into the regulation of cytokine-induced specific and temporal gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Bailu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Zhongkui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guido M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sclabas
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Jiangong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Supprian
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D048730:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 2; D048748:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D048730:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 2; D048748:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C482618:MAP3K2 protein, human; C482625:MAP3K3 protein, human; C482619:Map3k2 protein, mouse; C482626:Map3k3 protein, mouse