title: Pharmacologic management of psychosis in the elderly: a critical review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychotic symptoms are seen in numerous psychiatric illnesses afflicting the elderly. This article reviews the efficacy of the pharmacologic management of psychotic symptoms in primary psychotic disorders, affective disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence to support the use of pharmacologic interventions to manage psychotic symptoms in elderly patients afflicted with primary psychotic disorders and affective disorders is limited by the absence of randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). The use of low-dose clozapine is supported by RCTs in Parkinson's disease. The efficacy of risperidone and olanzapine for the treatment of psychotic symptoms has been demonstrated by large RCTs in Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence of the efficacy of antipsychotic medications to manage psychotic symptoms in elderly patients. However, the absence of published evidence from RCTs in primary psychotic and affective disorders, and the limited evidence in the neurodegenerative illnesses, is notable.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. nickhoeh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoeh
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gyulai
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000523:psychology; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine