title: Isolation, characterization and biological activity of acidic phospholipase A2 isoforms from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom.
abstract: Acidic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) isoforms in snake venoms, particularly those from Bothrops jararacussu, have not been characterized. This article reports the isolation and partial biochemical, functional and structural characterization of four acidic PLA(2)s (designated SIIISPIIA, SIIISPIIB, SIIISPIIIA and SIIISPIIIB) from this venom. The single chain purified proteins contained 122 amino acid residues and seven disulfide bonds with approximate molecular masses of 15 kDa and isoelectric points of 5.3. The respective N-terminal sequences were: SIIISPIIA-SLWQFGKMIDYVMGEEGAKS; SIIISPIIB-SLWQFGKMIFYTGKNEPVLS; SIIISPIIIA-SLWQFGKMILYVMGGEGVKQ and SIIISPIIIB-SLWQFGKMIFYEMTGEGVL. Crystals of the acidic protein SIIISPIIB diffracted beyond 1.8 A resolution. These crystals are monoclinic with unit cell dimensions of a = 40.1 A, b = 54.2 A and c = 90.7 A. The crystal structure has been refined to a crystallographic residual of 16.1% (R(free) = 22.9%). Specific catalytic activity (U/mg) of the isolated acidic PLA(2)s were SIIISPIIA = 290.3 U/mg; SIIISPIIB = 279.0 U/mg; SIIISPIIIA = 270.7 U/mg and SIIISPIIIB = 96.5 U/mg. Although their myotoxic activity was low, SIIISPIIA, SIIISPIIB and SIIISPIIIA showed significant anticoagulant activity. However, there was no indirect hemolytic activity. SIIISPIIIB revealed no anticoagulant, but presented indirect hemolytic activity. With the exception of SIIISPIIB, which inhibited platelet aggregation, all the others were capable of inducing time-independent edema. Chemical modification with 4-bromophenacyl bromide did not inhibit the induction of edema, but did suppress other activities.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, 14040-903, SP Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: D F J
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Ketelhut
authors.forename: M Homem
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: E L G
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Esmeraldino
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Arni
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Giglio
authors.forename: A C O
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sampaio
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017837:Bothrops; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2