title: Changes in the nutrient content of school lunches: results from the Pathways study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathways, a randomized trial, evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based multicomponent intervention to reduce fatness in American-Indian schoolchildren. The goal of the Pathways food service intervention component was to reduce the fat in school lunches to no more than 30% of energy from fat while maintaining recommended levels of calories and key nutrients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention was implemented by school food service staff in intervention schools over a 3-year period. Five consecutive days of school lunch menu items were collected from 20 control and 21 intervention schools at four time periods, and nutrient content was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significantly greater mean reduction in percent energy from fat and saturated fat in the intervention schools compared to the control schools. Mean percentages of energy from fat decreased from 33.1% at baseline to 28.3% at the end of the study in intervention schools compared to 33.2% at baseline and 32.2% at follow-up in the control schools (P<0.003). There were no statistically significant differences for calories or nutrients between intervention and control schools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pathways school food lunch intervention documented the feasibility of successfully lowering the percent of energy from fat, as part of a coordinated obesity prevention program for American-Indian children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. story@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Story
authors.forename: M Patricia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anliker
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cunningham-Sabo
authors.forename: Elaine J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Becky
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ethelbah
authors.forename: Chirayath
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suchindran
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ring
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012574:Schools; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats