title: A role of cytokines in OK-432 injection therapy for cystic lymphangioma: an approach to the mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines cytokine levels of aspirates from cystic lymphangiomas after injection of OK-432 and over the course of several weeks to better understand the process of tumor regression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluids aspirated from lymphangioma cysts of 3 patients were collected sequentially before and after OK-432 injection. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated and cultured with or without OK-432. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFR1), sVEGFR2, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12+p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in the supernatants of the aspirates and the culture supernatants of MNCs were then measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aspirates exhibited a marked elevation in IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, and TGF-beta1 levels for a few weeks after the OK-432 injection. IL-6, IL-8, IL-12+p40, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma levels were elevated in the culture supernatants of the MNC cultured with OK-432 for up to 9 days. All the tumors regressed significantly, with sclerotic change, within 3 months after OK-432 injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine production is maintained for a few weeks after OK-432 injection. Fibrotic changes may be another main mechanism in tumor regression in addition to cytotoxic effects on lymphangioma cells. A close relationship between cytokines from intracystic cells and lymphangioma cells is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimojima
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007267:Injections; D018191:Lymphangioma, Cystic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010844:Picibanil / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010844:Picibanil