title: Tumour cell and stromal features in metastatic and non-metastatic non-small cell lung carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumour cell behaviour depends on the interactions between nuclear genetic changes in the malignant cells and a stroma favourable for growth, invasion and metastasis. To evaluate such interactions, we studied the relationship between tumour cell and stromal features for proliferative factors, p53, microvessel density and metalloproteinases, controlled for the extent of the primary lesion (T1 to T4), in early (non-metastatic) and late (metastatic) non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variables were examined for differences and correlations in the frequency of p53, AgNOR, CD34 and MMP-9 expression in primary lesions and metastases of NSCLC using a general linear model. The patients included 58 males and 22 females (mean age 62 +/- 9 years) with 19 T1 (23.8%), 40 T2 (50.0%), 14 T3 (17.5%) and seven T4 (8.8%). In late disease, AgNOR and p53 were statistically related to the extent of the primary lesion, whereas in early disease AgNOR tended to be increased in tumours without metastasis, while p53 expression tended to decrease progressively in tumours with metastasis. Microvessel density in late disease was of no statistical significance, whereas in early disease strong CD34 expression was seen in tumours with metastasis, being at its maximum in T3 primary lesions. The best marker for the extent of the lesion and its progression was MMP-9, with greater expression by tumours with metastasis than those without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different tumour cell and stromal interactions control metastasis and therefore the biological risk of NSCLC. A panel of molecular markers, such as p53, MMP-9 and CD34 could help to identify subgroups of patients that could benefit from adjuvant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minamoto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonângelo
authors.forename: A G P
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Andrade e Silva
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fenezelian
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jatene
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Capelozzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9