title: Current treatment and future directions in neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) and Pathology Classification (INPC) were applied to analyze the results of treatment of 644 patients with neuroblastoma treated in Japan during the years from 1995 to 1999, and it was found that the pathology classification (INPC) showed the strongest relevance to prognosis compared to other factors such as stage, MYNC amplification, DNA ploidy and 1p-deletion. Current results of treatment for advanced neuroblastoma are still not satisfactory, so innovative therapeutic methods have been sought during the past 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospects for irinotecan and recombinant human endostatin (rhEndostatin) were studied expertimentally and clinically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irinotecan is a water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, which is isolated from a Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata; Its effectiveness against neuroblastoma was confirmed by in vivo preclinical studies, and phase I clinical trials in Japan concluded the maximum tolerated dose of this agent is 160-180 mg/m2/day for 3 consecutive days, repeated after 25 days off. Phase II trials with this dose began, and we could obtain some encouraging results with the clinical use of irinotecan. rhEndostatin has been studied in in vivo experimental models. The action of rhEndostatin was quite different from those of other cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, and continuous administration of this substance showed a more marked anti-effect than its intermittent use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irinotecan appears to be promising when it is given to the patients neuroblastoma, whereas rhEndostatin needs to have more preclinical studies before it is used in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan. tuchida@gcmc.pref.gunma.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Toshiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shitara
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D043169:Endostatins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D000077146:Irinotecan; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043169:Endostatins; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002166:Camptothecin