title: Alternative arrangements for the delivery of eye care services within staff model managed care organizations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eye care services, though accounting for only a small fraction of healthcare costs, encompass a unique spectrum of professional staffing options that can enhance efficiency and decrease costs within staff model managed care organizations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed to describe and assess alternative staffing arrangements and cost implications for the delivery of eye care services by optometrists, ophthalmologists, and primary care physicians within staff model managed care organizations. The clinical records of individual patients--rather than administrative and billing files--at three managed care organizations are the principal source of information. Clinical auditors extracted data on ambulatory eye care services provided for conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion/erosion, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings document the substantial role optometrists play in the delivery of eye care, whether they provide the care independently or in collaboration with an ophthalmologist. The levels of remuneration for optometrists are roughly one third to one half the annual rate for ophthalmologists. Staffing arrangements that use optometrists to the full extent of their professional training can provide significant cost savings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost-effectiveness of using the services of optometrists capable of delivering high-quality eye care can be demonstrated. Potential cost savings for staff model managed care organizations may accrue if the roles, functions, and availability of eye providers are adjusted.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vision Care Policy, State University of New York State College of Optometry, New York, New York 10036, USA. msoroka@sunyopt.edu
authors.forename: Mort
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soroka
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krasner
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Portello
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008503:Medical Staff; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000191:economics; D009907:Optometry / Q000191:economics; D024382:Professional Role; D014600:Utilization Review