title: School bag carriage and pain in school children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In South Africa (SA), anecdotal evidence for the incidence of shoulder, back and neck pain in school children is alarming but no scientific studies have confirmed this impression. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between pain and school bag carriage in scholars in Durban, SA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was carried out at four different schools in the Verulam and Chatsworth Regions in Kwa-Zulu Natal, SA. Schools were selected by convenience. One hundred and seventy six scholars between the ages of 11 and 14 years correctly filled out a questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions. Each child also had his/her body and bag weight measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, most of the scholars experienced shoulder and a combination of shoulder and other bodily pain. The majority of the children carried backpacks over two shoulders. The type of bag carried was significantly related to pain experienced (0.00). A significantly larger number of female scholars experienced pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The shoulder and other bodily pain experienced by the sample of scholars are strongly related to the type of bag and the gender of the children. More in-depth studies into identifying risk factors for bodily pains in school children are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Durban Westville, South Africa. lpuckree@pixie.udw.ac.za
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puckree
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Silal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013019:South Africa; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*