title: Two cycles of carboplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk clinical stage I and stage IM non-seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis: a HECOG trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the efficacy and safety of 2 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (CEB90) in patients with high-risk clinical stage I or stage IM non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 52 consecutive patients (22 patients with high-risk histological features [vascular invasion, presence of embryonal carcinoma, absence of yolk sac tumour] and 30 with tumour marker activity post-orchidectomy-stage IM) were entered into this prospective study. Chemotherapy consisted of carboplatin 400 mg/m2 or AUC 5 (day 1), etoposide 165 mg/m2 (days 1-3) and bleomycin 30 mg (days 1, 8, 15). Chemotherapy was repeated every 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 112 months (range, 10 to 174 months), two patietns with stage IM relapsed. These cases had a disseminated, marker-positive germ cell tumour (GCT), extensively involving both liver and lungs in the first case and para-aortic lymph nodes and lung in the second one; both patients died of the tumour after a number of salvage chemotherapy (including high-dose therapy) regimens. Fifty patients (96%) are alive and disease-free. Two cycles of CEB90 were well tolerated and the only side-effects were myelotoxicity and alopecia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the general consensus that ciplatin-based chemotherapy is superior to carboplatin-containing regimens in testicular cancer, 2 cycles of CEB90 may be an equally effective treatment option as adjuvant therapy for high-risk clinical stage I and IM patients.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxas Memorial Cancer Hospital, 51 Botassi St, 18537 Piraeus, Greece. pectasid@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pectasides
authors.forename: Dimosthenis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skarlos
authors.forename: Athanasios-Meletios
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farmakis
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pectasides
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fountzilas
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aravantinos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin