title: Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that sodium citrate administered two hours before exercise improves performance in a 5 km running time trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 17 male well trained college runners (mean (SD) O(2)MAX 61.3 (4.9) ml/kg/min) performed a 5 km treadmill run with and without sodium citrate ingestion in a random, double blind, crossover design. In the citrate trial, subjects consumed 1 litre of solution containing 0.5 g of sodium citrate/kg body mass two hours before the run. In the placebo trial, the same amount of flavoured mineral water was consumed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time required to complete the run was faster in the citrate trial than the placebo trial (1153.2 (74.1) and 1183.8 (91.4) seconds respectively; p = 0.01). Lower packed cell volume and haemoglobin levels were found in venous blood samples taken before and after the run in the citrate compared with the placebo trial. Lactate concentration in the blood sample taken after the run was higher in the citrate than the placebo trial (11.9 (3.0) v 9.8 (2.8) mmol/l; p<0.001), and glucose concentration was lower (8.3 (1.9) v 8.8 (1.7) mmol/l; p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ingestion of 0.5 g of sodium citrate/kg body mass shortly before a 5 km running time trial improves performance in well trained college runners.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. vahuro@ut.ee
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oöpik
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saaremets
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Medijainen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karelson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timpmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects*; D012420:Running; D000077559:Sodium Citrate
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002951:Citrates; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D019344:Lactic Acid