title: Quantification and control of the spatiotemporal gradients of air speed and air temperature in an incubator.
abstract: Around the optimal incubator air temperature only small spatiotemporal deviations are allowed. However, air speed and air temperature are not uniformly distributed in the total volume of the incubator due to obstruction of the eggs and egg trays. The objectives of this research were (1) to quantify the spatiotemporal gradients in temperature and velocity and (2) to develop and validate a control algorithm to increase the uniformity in temperature during the entire incubation process. To improve the uniformity of air temperature, the airflow pattern and the air quality need to be controlled more optimally. These data show that the air temperature between the eggs at a certain position in a large incubator is the result of (1) the mean air temperature of the incubator; (2) the exchange of heat between the egg and its micro-environment, which is affected by the air speed at that certain position; (3) the time-variable heat production of the embryo; and (4) the heat influx or efflux as a result from the movement of hot or cold air in the incubator toward that position, which is affected by the airflow pattern. This implies that the airflow pattern needs to be controlled in a more optimal way. To maximize the uniformity of air temperature, an active and adaptive control of the three-dimensional (3-D) airflow pattern has been developed and tested. It was found to improve the spatiotemporal temperature distribution. The chance of having a temperature reading in the interval from 37.5 to 38.1 degrees C increased by 3% compared to normal operating conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-Engineering and -Economics, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Brecht
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Degraeve
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berckmans
mesh_terms: D000392:Air Movements; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D007185:Incubators; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors