title: ALC (adjacent to LMX1 in chick) is a novel dorsal limb mesenchyme marker.
abstract: During dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning of the vertebrate limb, WNT7A is expressed in dorsal limb ectoderm and activates the expression of LMX1 (in chick; Lmx1b in mouse) in dorsal limb mesenchyme, resulting in the appropriate development of dorsal cell fates. These two genes are the only known factors involved in directing dorsal patterning and the molecular events that link these two factors or that occur downstream of LMX1/1b are unknown. We have isolated a novel chick transcript, ALC (adjacent to LMX1 in chick). ALC is located 5.3 kb from the 5' end of LMX1 and is transcribed in the opposite direction. It is expressed in a sub-set of tissues expressing LMX1, most notably in the dorsal mesenchyme of the limb, and thus is the second gene discovered with such a distribution in the limb. Misexpression studies with viral constructs show that ALC is downstream of WNT7A but not of LMX1. ALC shows no homology to known genes and its function remains to be determined. However, similarly placed transcripts occur in the human and mouse genomes, and we demonstrate that a mouse transcript is also expressed in dorsal limb mesenchyme.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crooijmans
authors.forename: Martien
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groenen
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niswander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000502:physiology; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology*; D040461:Gene Components; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; C489692:Lmx1a protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors