title: Sustained efficacy of eszopiclone over 6 months of nightly treatment: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with chronic insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term efficacy of eszopiclone in patients with chronic insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out-patient, with monthly visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aged 21 to 69 years meeting DSM IV criteria for primary insomnia and reporting less than 6.5 hours of sleep per night, and/or a sleep latency of more than 30 minutes each night for at least 1 month before screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eszopiclone 3 mg (n = 593) or placebo (n = 195), nightly for 6 months
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficacy was evaluated weekly using an interactive voice-response system. Endpoints included sleep latency; total sleep time; number of awakenings; wake time after sleep onset; quality of sleep; and next-day ratings of ability to function, daytime alertness, and sense of physical well-being. At the first week and each month for the study duration, eszopiclone produced significant and sustained improvements in sleep latency, wake time after sleep onset, number of awakenings, number of nights awakened per week, total sleep time, and quality of sleep compared with placebo (P < or = 0.003). Monthly ratings of next-day function, alertness, and sense of physical well-being were also significantly better with the use of eszopiclone than with placebo (P < or = 0.002). There was no evidence of tolerance, and the most common adverse events were unpleasant taste and headache.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Throughout 6 months, eszopiclone improved all of the components of insomnia as defined by DSM-IV, including patient ratings of daytime function. This placebo-controlled study of eszopiclone provides compelling evidence that long-term pharmacologic treatment of insomnia is efficacious.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. krystal@phy.duke.edu
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Krystal
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laska
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; C515050:zopiclone