title: Low-density lipoprotein subclass and its correlating factors in diabetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Small dense LDL, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles with small size and high density, is regarded as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one of the conditions accompanied by increased small dense LDL. We analyzed LDL subclass in type 2 diabetics and normal controls with LipoPrint LDL System to investigate the LDL heterogeneity in diabetics and factors affecting it.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 40 normal controls and 40 type 2 diabetics with fasting blood glucose level over 7.0 mmol/L and HbA1c level over 7%. LDL subclass was determined with LipoPrint LDL System. LipoPrint LDL System fractionates LDL into seven parts (LDL1-7) by size and LDL3 to LDL7 are defined as small-sized LDL. In addition we estimated 'the percent of small-sized LDL over whole LDL' and defined it as 'small-sized LDL proportion'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean small-sized LDL proportion was significantly higher in diabetics (23.4%) than in controls (11.8%) (p<0.001) and small-sized LDL proportion showed positive correlation with blood levels of glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and oxidized LDL and negative correlation with HDL cholesterol level in univariate analysis (p<0.001). Of these parameters, triglyceride, HbA1c, oxidized LDL were statistically significant variables contributing to the small-sized LDL proportion in stepwise multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We analyzed small-sized LDL proportion in type 2 diabetics and found that it was significantly increased in diabetics than control subjects and it was independently correlated with triglyceride, HbA1c, oxidized LDL in descending order, which are reflecting lipid metabolism, glycation, and oxidative stress, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woochang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won-Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Sail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Seongsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jin Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joong Yeol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyosoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL