title: Pregnancy experiences in the woman with mild hyperphenylalaninemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A major issue in maternal phenylketonuria (MPKU) has been whether maternal non-PKU mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP) is teratogenic. Such untreated pregnancies and their outcomes are presented on this report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enrolled pregnancies in which the untreated prepregnancy assigned phenylalanine level (APL) was no more than 600 micro mol/L were included in the Maternal PKU Collaborative Study and were followed according to protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight enrolled women with non-PKU MHP had mean APL 408 +/- 114 micromol/L. They had a total of 58 pregnancies that resulted in live births. Fifty were untreated. Maternal phenylalanine (Phe) levels in the untreated pregnancies decreased during pregnancy for average Phe exposure of 270 +/- 84 micromol/L, virtually identical to the level of 269 +/- 136 micromol/L in the 8 treated pregnancies. Birth measurements in the 50 offspring from untreated pregnancies were within normal limits with z scores of -0.25 for weight, 0.28 for length, and -0.63 for head circumference, although birth head circumference was negatively correlated with maternal APL (r = -0.30). Only 1 offspring had congenital heart disease. Offspring IQ was 102 +/- 15 compared with 96 +/- 14 in the mothers with untreated pregnancies and with 109 +/- 21 in control offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal non-PKU MHP no more than 600 micromol/L does not require dietary therapy. The naturally lower Phe level during pregnancy seems to protect against teratogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. harvey.levy@tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Harvey L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Waisbren
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Güttler
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matalon
authors.forename: Bobbye
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: Friedrich K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Trefz
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de la Cruz
authors.forename: Colleen G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Azen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D009154:Mutation; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood*; D017042:Phenylketonuria, Maternal / Q000178:diet therapy; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000178:diet therapy; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D010649:Phenylalanine