title: The gender of the voice within: the neural origin of sex differences in the brain.
abstract: In mammals and birds, the sex of the brain has been attributed to the action of gonadal hormones. In males, testosterone from the testes acts early in life to make the brain masculine. Studies of songbirds and rodents suggest, however, that male and female brain cells are intrinsically different also because of the sex differences in the expression of sex chromosome genes within the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Science, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Room 4117, Los Angeles CA 90095-1606, USA. arnold@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Arthur P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Arnold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012730:Sex Chromosomes