title: Recombinant human lactoferrin ingestion attenuates indomethacin-induced enteropathy in vivo in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether recombinant human lactoferrin ingestion inhibits nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID)-induced gastroenteropathy in vivo in healthy volunteers as a model for disorders associated with a rise in permeability of the stomach and the small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized crossover dietary intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 15 healthy volunteers (age 23+/-1.4 y) were tested. A sucrose and a lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) permeability test was performed to assess gastroduodenal and small intestine permeability as indicator of NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy. All subjects consumed standardized meals for 2 days. On the second day at time=-24 h each subject ingested a drink containing 5 g recombinant human lactoferrin or placebo during breakfast. At t=-9 h, subjects ingested the same drink with 75 mg of the NSAID indomethacin and after an overnight fast at t=-1 h subjects consumed the drink and 50 mg indomethacin. After 1 h, at t=0, a permeability test was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small intestine permeability after indomethacin and placebo was significantly higher (L/R ratio=0.036; 0.014-0.092, P<0.05) compared to the permeability observed after ingestion of indomethacin and lactoferrin (0.028; 0.015-0.056), whereas gastroduodenal permeability did not differ between the two interventions (P=0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral recombinant human lactoferrin supplementation during a short-term indomethacin challenge reduced the NSAID-mediated increase in small intestinal permeability and hence may provide a nutritional tool in the treatment of hyperpermeability-associated disorders.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Grant and human recombinant lactoferrin donated from Agennix Inc., Houston, TX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. f.troost@hb.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Troost
authors.forename: W H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: R-J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brummer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000652:urine; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects; D013395:Sucrose / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007792:Lactulose; D013395:Sucrose; D007781:Lactoferrin; D012210:Rhamnose; D007213:Indomethacin