title: Prediction of successful induction of labor at term: role of clinical history, digital examination, ultrasound assessment of the cervix, and fetal fibronectin assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether biochemical (fetal fibronectin assay) or biophysical (cervical assessment by transvaginal ultrasound) tests may have more value than digital examination in predicting successful induction of labor at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled prospectively 134 women undergoing labor induction at term caused by several obstetric conditions. All participants submitted to digital examination, fetal fibronectin assay, and transvaginal ultrasound for measurement of the cervical length and detection of funneling. The performance of each test in predicting delivery within 24 hours of labor induction was evaluated. Cox multiple regression analysis was performed to identify, among clinical and laboratory tests, which variables were independently associated with the duration of the latent phase and with the total duration of induced labor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The likelihood ratios for positive results (predicting that delivery would occur within 24 hours) were 6.61 (95% CI, 1.7-25.8) for a positive obstetric history (previous vaginal delivery), 2.61 (95% CI, 1.6-4.3) for a "favorable" digital examination, 1.41 (95% CI, 0.9-2.2) for a positive fetal fibronectin test, 1.61 (95% CI, 0.9-3.0) for cervical length, and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.1-4.4) for the presence of funneling at transvaginal ultrasound. The likelihood ratios for negative results were 1.81 (1.3-2.5) for obstetric history, 4.34 (2.5-7.7) for digital examination, 1.41 (0.9-2.1) for fetal fibronectin, 1.29 (1.0-1.7) for cervical length, and 1.48 (1.1-2.0) for funneling. On multiple regression, the only variables independently associated with the duration of the latent phase and with the total duration of induced labor were obstetric history and digital examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only obstetric history and digital examination predicted accurately vaginal delivery within 24 hours and were independently associated with labor duration. Fetal fibronectin and ultrasound measurements failed to predict accurately the outcome of induced labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gervasi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bracalente
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fadalti
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005385:Fingers; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced; D008499:Medical Records; D010808:Physical Examination; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins