Models and mechanisms of experimental epilepsies.
OBJECTIVE
To review the value of experimental models of epilepsy to help us understand the underlying basic neuronal mechanisms.


METHODS
The methods addressed here include a variety of acute and chronic experimental epilepsies and their investigation in vitro, in vivo, and in computer simulations.


RESULTS
Epileptic discharges are emergent properties of neuronal networks, depending crucially on intrinsic neuronal properties, and on the structural and functional organisation of the synaptic networks that interconnect them. Fast oscillations are another emergent property of these networks; while they are involved in normal function, they can play a crucial role in the initiation of at least some kinds of focal seizure.


CONCLUSIONS
Brief "interictal" epileptic events are now relatively well understood. Rather less so are the mechanisms of chronic epileptic foci, and particularly of the prolonged hypersynchronous hyperexcitability characteristic of focal seizures, but here too progress is being made, offering the prospect of better targeted treatments.
Jefferys
John G R
JG
Division of Neuroscience (Neurophysiology), School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK. j.g.r.jefferys@bham.ac.uk
D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer