title: Unsuspected pregnancy at hysterosalpingography: a report of three cases with different outcomes.
abstract: We report three cases of unsuspected pregnancy during hysterosalpingography (HSG) with different outcomes. In the first two cases, menstrual history was wrongly relied upon and no pregnancy tests had been performed. However, even with a negative pregnancy test carried out prior to the investigation, as in the third case, this was proven not to be foolproof. The outcome of our pregnancies involves one ectopic, one miscarriage and one normal term pregnancy. We advocate not relying solely on menstrual history and to be aware that even in cases where there is a negative pregnancy test before HSG, the patient can still be pregnant. Although the reporting of unsuspected pregnancy during HSG is rare, there is still a need to be alert, especially in high-risk patients with irregular, long menstrual cycles and unprotected intercourse prior to the investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. gcheung@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: G W Y
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin