title: Structural and vascular response of normal and obstructed rabbit whole bladders to distension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the structural and morphologic effect of distension after partial outlet obstruction in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were separated into two groups: control (sham) and partial outlet obstruction (3 weeks). Three rabbits from each group were distended to 5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, and 125% of capacity. Each bladder was fixed at the volume in buffered formalin for 6 to 8 hours. Sections of dorsal and ventral bladder were blocked, and cross sections were evaluated. Quantitative morphometry was performed, and CD31 immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the vascularity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial outlet obstruction resulted in increased bladder weight and capacity and increased thickness of the mucosa, submucosa, detrusor, and serosa. In the control bladder, the greatest thinning was seen between 5% and 25% capacity, and in the obstructed group, the greatest thinning occurred between 25% and 50%. The level of vascular collapse was significantly greater for the control bladders than for the obstructed bladders at all levels of distension. Finally, the obstructed bladders showed a significantly greater level of vascularity in the submucosa than the control bladders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal bladder distension resulted in significant morphologic changes when the bladder was distended to 25% of capacity but changed relatively little between 25% and 125%. However, distension of the obstructed bladder resulted in significant morphologic changes when the bladder was distended from 25% to 50% of capacity but changed relatively little between 50% and 125%.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Albany College of Medicine, Albany, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chichester
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*