title: Upper labial deficiency in Mobius syndrome: a previously unreported feature and its correction.
abstract: Bilateral facial palsy in Möbius syndrome remains one of the greatest challenges in reconstructive plastic surgery. Facial reanimation is an invaluable aid to such patients because it allows for greater social interaction by means of the ability to smile. In performing facial reanimation surgery on patients with Möbius syndrome, it is the observation of the senior author (Harrison) that upper labial deficiency is a consistent and previously unreported feature of the syndrome. It has been the practice of the senior author to perform upper labial augmentation on Möbius syndrome patients by insertion of a lipodermal autograft, in addition to facial reanimation. Nine patients with Möbius syndrome who presented to the Department of Plastic Surgery during an 8-year period were reviewed. All nine possessed bilateral facial palsy and upper labial deficiency in addition to other abnormalities consistent with Möbius syndrome. Six patients underwent bilateral facial reanimation and upper labial augmentation alone. One patient refused facial reanimation surgery but consented to upper labial augmentation. One patient, with concomitant micrognathia, underwent bilateral facial reanimation, upper labial augmentation, and insertion of a Silastic chin implant. In one patient, a child who also exhibited micrognathia, bilateral facial reanimation alone was carried out, with further procedures for upper labial and chin cosmesis being postponed until adulthood. The indication for performing upper labial augmentation was cosmetic. The procedure improved upper labial appearance and restored balance to the mouth. Patients also expressed higher satisfaction with eating and drinking, which they related to the improved fullness of the upper lip. This was before the facial reanimation had become functional. Upper labial deficiency warrants addition to the list of facial features of Möbius syndrome and is something that must be assessed in the context of facial reanimation surgery.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mount Vernon Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sabbagh
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafighian
authors.forename: Douglas H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008047:Lip Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D020331:Mobius Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies