title: Gene-culture coevolution between cattle milk protein genes and human lactase genes.
abstract: Milk from domestic cows has been a valuable food source for over 8,000 years, especially in lactose-tolerant human societies that exploit dairy breeds. We studied geographic patterns of variation in genes encoding the six most important milk proteins in 70 native European cattle breeds. We found substantial geographic coincidence between high diversity in cattle milk genes, locations of the European Neolithic cattle farming sites (>5,000 years ago) and present-day lactose tolerance in Europeans. This suggests a gene-culture coevolution between cattle and humans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Génomique des Populations et Biodiversité, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France. albano.beja-pereira@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Albano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beja-Pereira
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luikart
authors.forename: Phillip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: England
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Oliver C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Jann
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertorelle
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Telmo P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Stoitcho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metodiev
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrand
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D043322:Lactase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007787:Lactose Intolerance; D008892:Milk; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011156:Population Density
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D043322:Lactase