title: Determination of the dermal penetration of esterom components using microdialysis sampling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esterom Solution, an investigational pharmaceutical product, is derived from the esterification of benzoylmethylecgonine (cocaine) in 1.2 propanediol. The resulting solution contains a mixture of components. Esterom Solution is intended to be a topical analgesic to relieve pain and increase the range of motion in patients suffering from acute inflammation of the shoulder or back. Although the components of Esterom are known, the components that are responsible for analgesia have only recently been identified. The purpose of this research is to evaluate which components have the ability to penetrate the skin, how much actually penetrates, and if and/or how each component is metabolized and distributed locally.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear microdialysis probes were implanted into rat dermis. The individual components present in the Esterom Solution were applied separately to the dermis directly over a probe. Dermal dialysis samples were collected to evaluate the dermal penetration of each compound following topical application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a 10 mg/50 microL application. 1.8 +/- 0.6 mM benzoic acid was detected at the plateau after approximately 220 min. Following hydroxypropyl benzoic acid application, complete hydrolysis to benzoic acid was observed with a plateau concentration of 137 +/- 19 microM (150 min plateau). When applied separately, hydroxypropyl benzoylecgonine and ecgonine penetrate the skin with plateau concentrations of 32 +/- 9 microM (15 h plateau) and 36 +/- 5 microM (150 min plateau) respectively. Benzoylecgonine, the hydrolytic product of HP-BE, was also detected with a plateau concentration of 3.9 +/- 0.1 microM (16 h plateau) Applied topically, ecgonidine, methylecgonidine, benzoylecgonine, and hydroxypropyl ecgonidine were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the components with analgesic activity, the only compound that penetrates the skin is hydroxypropyl benzoylecgonine. Dermal microdialysis was shown to be an effective technique to monitor the skin penetration of topically applied compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lunte
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004951:Esterification; D005260:Female; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D019817:Benzoic Acid; C005617:ecgonine; D003042:Cocaine