title: [Ketamine attenuates the contractile response to vasoconstrictors in isolated coronary artery rings].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ketamine was shown to increase coronary blood flow. It was the aim of this study to answer the question whether ketamine directly dilates coronary arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the model of isolated vessel rings we studied the effects of ketamine (2.5, 25, and 250 microg ml(-1)) on the contractile response to three vasoconstrictors, acetylcholine, histamine, and serotonin in porcine coronary artery segments. Other rings were contracted with KCl or PGF (2a) and then treated with ketamine (5 up to 500 microg ml(-1) added cumulatively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ketamine dose-dependently dilated coronary arteries in concentrations beyond those used in clinical practice. In intact rings ketamine racemate (250 microg ml(-1)) attenuated contractions mediated by acetylcholine by 38.8 +/- 2.8%, histamine by 33.0 +/- 4.4% and serotonin by 42.1 +/- 3.7% (p < 0.05). There were no differences between intact and denuded rings (acetylcholine 38.5 +/- 2.8%, histamine 26.6 +/- 4.7%, serotonin 30.0 +/- 3.2%). With low concentrations of ketamine (2.5 microg ml(-1)) a slight tendency towards a contraction was recorded (n. s.). In rings precontracted with either KCl or PGF (2a) ketamine caused a small enhancement of contraction (KCl: 101.4 +/- 0.4%, PGF (2a): 101.3 +/- 1.4%) when administered in low concentration (5 microg ml(-1)), but almost complete relaxation (KCl: 0.4 +/- 1.3%, PGF (2a): 0.0 +/- 5.4%) in high concentration (500 microg ml(-1)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that ketamine dose-dependently dilates porcine coronary arteries in concentrations beyond those used in clinical practice and that this effect is independent of endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Anästhesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Kliniken der Universität Göttingen. Klockgether-Radke@gmx.de
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Klockgether-Radke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frerichs
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellige
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D007649:Ketamine; D006632:Histamine; D015237:Dinoprost; D000109:Acetylcholine