title: Hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children: clinical characteristics and outcome.
abstract: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a well-documented adverse event experienced by patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. When severe, HC causes significant morbidity, leads to renal complications, prolongs hospitalization, increases health-care costs, and occasionally contributes to death. We retrospectively studied the medical records of 245 children undergoing an initial allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for malignant disease at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1992 and 1999 to describe the clinical course of HC in all patients and to identify the risk factors for HC in this cohort. Conditioning regimens included cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and total body irradiation. Grafts from unrelated or mismatched related donors were depleted of T lymphocytes, whereas matched sibling grafts were unmanipulated. All patients received cyclosporine as prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease. Recipients of grafts from matched siblings also received pentoxifylline or short-course methotrexate. Severe HC developed in 27 patients (11.0%). The median duration of HC was 73 days (range, 5-619 days); 12 patients had ongoing HC at the time of death. In univariate analyses, patients were at increased risk of severe HC if they were male (P =.021) or had received T cell-depleted grafts (P =.017), grafts from unrelated donors (P =.021), a lower total nucleated cell dose (P =.032), or antithymocyte globulin (P =.0446). Multiple regression analysis revealed male sex (beta =.97; P =.027) and unrelated donor graft recipients (beta =.83; P =.039) to be significant factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA. gregory.hale@stjude.org
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rochester
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Heslop
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Krance
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gingrich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benaim
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Woodard
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Handgretinger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003556:Cystitis / Q000209:etiology*; D005190:Family; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006474:Hemorrhagic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019520:Living Donors; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome