title: Connexin 36 in bovine retina: lack of phosphorylation but evidence for association with phosphorylated proteins.
abstract: In vertebrate retina interneuronal communication through gap junctions is involved in light adaptation and in the transfer of visual information from the rod pathway to the cone pathway. Reports over the last two decades have indicated that these gap junctions are regulated by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases suggesting that the gap junction proteins, connexins, are phosphorylated. Though all the connexins involved in light adaptation and information transfer from rod to cone pathway are not yet known, connexin 36 has been shown to be definitively involved in the latter process. We have therefore attempted to investigate the cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of this connexin in bovine retina. We found several soluble and membrane proteins in bovine retina whose phosphorylation was regulated by cyclic nucleotides. However, no protein of about 36 kDa with cyclic nucleotide-regulated phosphorylation was found in gap junction-enriched membrane preparations. A 36-kDa phosphorylated protein was found in gap junction-enriched membranes phosphorylated in the presence of calcium. However, this protein was not immunoprecipitated by anti-connexin 36 antibodies indicating that it was not connexin 36 in spite of its similarity in molecular weight. Immunoprecipitation did reveal phosphorylated proteins coimmunoprecipitated with connexin 36. Two of these proteins were identified as beta and alpha tubulin subunits. Though cyclic GMP and calcium did not greatly influence the association of these proteins with connexin 36, the results suggest the possibility of connexin 36 associating with other proteins. Together, these observations indicate that interneuronal communication at gap junctions made by connexin 36 may not be regulated by direct phosphorylation of connexin 36, but possibly by phosphorylation of associated proteins.
authors.affiliation: Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309-4480, USA. ari@oakland.edu
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sitaramayya
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Crabb
authors.forename: Diane F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Matesic
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margulis
authors.forename: Vinita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Sadhona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pulukuri
authors.forename: Loan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001345:Autoradiography; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D017630:Connexins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097004:Gap Junction delta-2 Protein
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D002118:Calcium; D017630:Connexins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000097004:Gap Junction delta-2 Protein