title: Detection of Salmonella organisms and assessment of a protocol for removal of contamination in horse stalls at a veterinary teaching hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess methods of detecting environmental contamination with Salmonella organisms and evaluate a cleaning and disinfection protocol for horse stalls in a veterinary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original study.
  
  
  METHODS
  37 horses with diarrhea likely to be caused by Salmonella infection and their stall environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal samples were collected from horses daily during hospitalization; samples were obtained from stall sites after cleaning and application of disinfectants. Fecal and environmental samples were cultured for Salmonella spp and tested via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect Salmonella DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1 horse died and 2 were discharged prior to sample collection. Fecal samples from 9 of 34 horses yielded growth of Salmonella organisms on bacteriologic culture, and 23 yielded positive results via PCR assay on > or = 1 occasion. Among environmental samples from 21 stalls, salmonellae were detected at > or = 1 stall site on 6 of 78 occasions, and > or = 1 stall site yielded positive results via PCR assay on 69 of 77 occasions. Salmonella DNA was detected more frequently in samples of stall drains, cracks, and corners. Salmonella spp were cultured from samples of 3 stalls after both initial and second cleaning and disinfection cycles, but no organisms were detected in samples obtained after use of a peroxygen disinfectant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that stalls in which horses with salmonellosis were housed should only be used to accommodate newly hospitalized horses after samples (collected after 2 cycles of cleaning and disinfection) from drains, cracks, and corners yield negative results on bacteriologic culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alinovi
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Laurent L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Couëtil
authors.forename: Ching Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses; D006762:Hospitals, Animal; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D006920:Hygiene; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004202:Disinfectants