title: Kinesin moves by an asymmetric hand-over-hand mechanism.
abstract: Kinesin is a double-headed motor protein that moves along microtubules in 8-nanometer steps. Two broad classes of model have been invoked to explain kinesin movement: hand-over-hand and inchworm. In hand-over-hand models, the heads exchange leading and trailing roles with every step, whereas no such exchange is postulated for inchworm models, where one head always leads. By measuring the stepwise motion of individual enzymes, we find that some kinesin molecules exhibit a marked alternation in the dwell times between sequential steps, causing these motors to "limp" along the microtubule. Limping implies that kinesin molecules strictly alternate between two different conformations as they step, indicative of an asymmetric, hand-over-hand mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Asbury
authors.forename: Adrian N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Block
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000201:enzymology; D019281:Dimerization; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D016547:Kinesins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008863:Microspheres; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012399:Rotation
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D016547:Kinesins