Angiogenesis and bone repair.
The intimate connection, both physical and biochemical, between blood vessels and bone cells has long been recognized. Genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological studies have identified and characterized factors involved in the conversation between endothelial cells (EC) and osteoblasts (OB) during both bone formation and repair. The long-awaited FDA approval of two growth factors, BMP-2 and OP-1, with angiogenic and osteogenic activity confirms the importance of these two processes in human skeletal healing. In this review, the role of osteogenic factors in the adaptive response and interactive function of OB and EC during the multi-step process of bone repair will be discussed.
Carano
Richard A D
RA
Department of Physiology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way MS 42, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Filvaroff
Ellen H
EH
D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology
C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors