Spontaneous coronary artery dissection causing acute coronary syndrome: an early diagnosis implies a good prognosis.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an unusual cause of acute coronary syndrome. We describe a series of cases that with an early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, which includes percutaneous angioplasty with stent implantation and cardiac surgery, had a good outcome. The objective was to study the demographic characteristics, clinical settings, treatments, and inhospital course of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. We studied a retrospective case series in 3 coronary care units in third-level university hospitals. The spontaneous coronary artery dissection diagnosis was made by coronary angiography. Seven cases of spontaneous coronary artery dissections were recorded. They were 5 women and 2 men. The age range was 28 to 64 years. Two of them took oral contraceptives and one case occurred in the postpartum period. An acute anterior wall myocardial infarction was the most frequent clinical presentation, occurring in 4 of the 7 cases. In fact, the left anterior descending artery was involved in 6 cases. An urgent coronary angiogram was performed in all cases. Definitive treatment included percutaneous angioplasty and stent implantation in 3 cases, coronary artery bypass surgery in 2 case, and cardiac transplantation in another case. One patient was treated medically. None of the patients died in the hospital. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection remains an unusual cause of acute coronary syndrome. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, especially when it affects young, healthy females. An early clinical suspicion and diagnosis with urgent coronary angiography and aggressive treatment that includes percutaneous angioplasty with stent implantation and cardiac surgery could improve the prognosis of these patients.
Roig
Sebastian
S
Coronary and Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Son Dureta, C/Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Gómez
José A
JA
Fiol
Miguel
M
Guindo
Josep
J
Pérez
Jon
J
Carrillo
Andrés
A
Esplugas
Enrique
E
Bayés de Luna
Antonio
A
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003323:Coronary Aneurysm / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013577:Syndrome