title: A class of sterol 14-demethylase inhibitors as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents.
abstract: Chronic infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America. Drug treatments for the associated illness, Chagas disease, are toxic and frequently unsuccessful. In a screening effort against the drug target protein farnesyltransferase, we identified a series of disubstituted imidazoles with highly potent anti-T. cruzi activity that apparently acted through a mechanism independent of protein farnesylation. Metabolic labeling studies of T. cruzi suggested that sterol biosynthesis was inhibited. Combined GC/MS analysis confirmed depletion of cellular sterols and suggested that the site of action was sterol 14-demethylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Spectral studies with recombinant T. cruzi sterol 14-demethylase demonstrated that the compounds bind directly to this enzyme. Two of the compounds were well absorbed when given orally to mice, gave sustained plasma levels, and were well tolerated. The compounds were administered orally to mice with acute T. cruzi infection and caused dramatic decrease in parasitemia and led to 100% survival. These disubstituted imidazole compounds can be prepared by a relatively short synthetic route and represent a structural class with potent anti-T. cruzi activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. fbuckner@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lockman
authors.forename: Kendra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aikenhead
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohkanda
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadilek
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sebti
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Voorhis
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gelb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000628:therapy; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase; D013261:Sterols / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D010455:Peptides; D013261:Sterols; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C548415:Cyp51 protein, mouse; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase