title: Volume indexes of total, free, and complexed prostate-specific antigen enhance prediction of extraprostatic disease extension in men with nonpalpable prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the ability of volume-adjusted total, complexed, and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to predict organ-confined cancer at radical prostatectomy in patients with nonpalpable disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collected sera were assayed for total PSA (tPSA), complexed PSA (cPSA), and free PSA (fPSA) in 78 men who underwent radical prostatectomy with nonpalpable prostate cancer. The pathologic results (organ-confined versus extraprostatic extension [EPE]), tPSA, cPSA, fPSA/tPSA ratio, cPSA/tPSA ratio, fPSA/cPSA ratio, tPSA density (tPSAD), cPSA density (cPSAD), and fPSA density (fPSAD) were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen men (19.2%) had pathologic EPE. After stratifying the patients on the basis of the Beckman tPSA, the cPSAD, tPSAD, and fPSAD were significant predictors of EPE when comparing their respective medians in individuals with tPSA greater than 4.0 ng/mL. Statistically significant differences were noted between patients with and without EPE for tPSAD (P = 0.0015), cPSAD (P = 0.0018), and fPSAD (P = 0.0022), but not for the fPSA/tPSA, cPSA/tPSA, and fPSA/cPSA ratios. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was similar for tPSA (0.539) and cPSA (0.542), as it was for tPSAD (0.708), cPSAD (0.700), and fPSAD (0.731). The specificity and diagnostic accuracy of tPSAD, cPSAD, and fPSAD were significantly greater than those of tPSA and cPSA (specificity P <0.001; diagnostic accuracy P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In men with nonpalpable prostate cancer, the density parameters of tPSA, cPSA, and fPSA performed equivalently and appeared to enhance the predictability of EPE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030-4095, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naya
authors.forename: Herbert A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Carol D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Cheli
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stamey
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Brawer
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lepor
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Partin
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sokoll
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Babaian
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010173:Palpation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen