title: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of calcium isotopes in human serum: a low-sample-volume acid-equilibration method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analytical methods for measuring the calcium isotope distribution in enriched human serum samples that use low blood volumes, simple preparation methods, and rapid analysis are important in clinical studies of calcium kinetics. Previously, sample preparation by oxalate precipitation typically required 500 micro L of serum. This method was time-consuming, and the blood volume required was limiting in circumstances when only a small amount of serum could be obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum was collected from humans who were administered (42)Ca, and 20 micro L of serum was mixed with 2 mL of 0.22-0.67 mol/L HNO(3) at room temperature for between 1 min and 16 h. The (42)Ca/(43)Ca ratio in the supernatant was measured by a magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Calcium isotope ratios from these equilibration solutions were compared with data from oxalate-precipitated serum samples to determine the optimum equilibrium time and the effect of acid concentration on equilibrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various amounts of aggregated particles developed in different acid-serum mixtures. These affected the time required for isotope equilibration in the mixture. The shortest equilibrium time needed for the calcium isotopes varied from 1 to 6 h for samples acidified with 0.22-0.45 mol/L HNO(3). Data obtained from these solutions were consistent with data from oxalate-precipitated calcium. The precision of (42)Ca/(43)Ca ratio measurements was better than 0.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed a simple, rapid sample preparation technique for ICP-MS analysis in which 20 micro L of serum can be used for accurate measurement of the calcium isotope distribution in a sample with good precision and a rapid analysis time.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. zchen1@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Zhensheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Yana L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kriseman
authors.forename: Lily K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002127:Calcium Isotopes / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002127:Calcium Isotopes; D002118:Calcium