title: Role of 12-lipoxygenase in the stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and collagen alpha5(IV) in experimental diabetic nephropathy and in glucose-stimulated podocytes.
abstract: The 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism is implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, but its role in podocytes has not been studied. This study tested whether 12-LO induction by diabetes or by high glucose (HG) in cultured podocytes alters glomerular basement membrane by activating signal transduction pathways culminating in ECM synthesis. Sprague-Dawley rats received an injection of diluent (control [C]) or streptozotocin 65 mg/kg (DM) and were killed at 1 or 4 mo. Glomerular 12-LO mRNA and protein levels were higher in DM than in C glomeruli at 1 and 4 mo, and 12-LO localized predominantly in podocytes. Glomerular p38 mRNA and protein were higher in DM at months 1 and 4, but phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) was increased only at month 1. Glomerular collagen alpha5(IV)/glutaraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA ratio was increased in DM at month 1 but not at month 4, whereas collagen alpha5(IV) protein was higher at both 1 and 4 mo. Mouse podocytes were cultured in media with 25 mM glucose (HG) with or without the 12-LO inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-cyanocinnamate (CDC) or with 5.5 mM glucose + 19.5 mM mannitol (low glucose [LG+M]) for 10 d at 37 degrees C. 12-LO mRNA and protein levels were higher in HG than in LG+M as was the p38 MAPK/GAPDH mRNA ratio. Phospho-p38 MAPK protein but not total p38 MAPK was higher in HG compared with LG+M. Collagen alpha5(IV)/GAPDH mRNA ratio and protein were higher in HG than in LG+M. 12-LO inhibition by CDC decreased HG-induced phospho-p38 MAPK and the phospho-p38/total p38 MAPK ratio, collagen alpha5(IV)/GAPDH mRNA ratio, and collagen alpha5(IV) protein expression. In summary, diabetes in vivo and exposure of podocytes to HG in vitro stimulated 12-LO, p38 MAPK, and collagen alpha5(IV) mRNA and (activated) protein. 12-LO inhibition by CDC diminished the expression of podocyte phospho-p38 MAPK and collagen alpha5(IV) mRNA and protein. These findings implicate 12-LO and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the mediation of ECM synthesis by podocytes in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute, Torrance, California 90509, USA.
authors.forename: Shin-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahed
authors.forename: Cynthia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Nast
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LaPage
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mundel
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kashtan
authors.forename: Sharon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D024062:Collagen Type V / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D024062:Collagen Type V; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose