title: Prospective comparison of transcutaneous 3-dimensional US cholangiography, magnetic resonance cholangiography, and direct cholangiography in the evaluation of malignant biliary obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of transcutaneous three-dimensional US cholangiography to depict the biliary tree in malignant obstruction, compared with that of MRCP and direct cholangiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional US and MRCP and direct cholangiography were performed in 40 patients with suspected malignant biliary obstruction. Diagnostic quality of the images, presence, level, and cause of ductal obstruction were assessed in a prospective, blinded fashion. The results were correlated with consensus interpretation (3 investigators), intra-operative findings, and histopathology or clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-dimensional US produced cholangiographic images of diagnostic quality. The appearance of these images was similar to that of MRCP or ERCP/percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography images. All modalities were highly sensitive in the detection of biliary dilatation. The accuracy of 3-dimensional US, MRCP, and ERCP/percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in determining the level of obstruction was, respectively, 92%, 95%, and 98%. Transcutaneous 3-dimensional US and MRCP accurately identified the cause of obstruction in, respectively, 90% and 95% of cases. Direct cholangiography revealed the correct diagnosis in 95% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional US cholangiography is a new, noninvasive method with the capability to produce diagnostic cholangiograms. Three-dimensional US cholangiography may be used increasingly as an initial test to select patients who require further diagnostic evaluation by MRCP or therapeutic ERCP.
authors.affiliation: Charité University Hospital, Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Campus Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hünerbein
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stroszczynski
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Handke
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schlag
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies