title: Predictors of change during long-term analytic group psychotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  All studies on patient variables as predictors of outcome are on short-term groups. Therefore, we wanted to study predictors of outcome in an observational study of 69 out-patients treated in long-term, analytic group therapy (mean = 32.5 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on results from research on short-term groups, we selected 6 predictor variables representing central domains (demographics, diagnosis, initial severity of disturbance, chronicity, expectancy, and treatment duration) and explored their relationship with 5 outcome variables (Global Assessment of Functioning, Global Severity Index, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex, global improvement, and chief complaints) by multiple regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment duration up to 2.5 years was a strong positive predictor. Contrary to findings from many short-term studies, the presence of personality disorder, chronicity, and high initial severity of symptoms were not associated with less favourable outcome. Furthermore, marital status was not a positive predictor, and expectancy of a better outcome was only positively related to 1 of the outcome variables. Highly tentative results from exploratory stepwise regression analyses indicated that interpersonal problems on the subscale of 'coldness' might also be a negative predictor in long-term therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that predictors of outcome in long-term group therapy may be different from those found in short-term therapy.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Institute, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. steiner.lorentzen@psykiatri.uio.no
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorentzen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Høglend
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome