title: Correlates of health-related quality of life among lower-income, urban adults with congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improving health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a primary goal in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), yet few studies have explored correlates of HRQL among CHF patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report on the association of demographic and pathophysiologic measures, social-cognitive measures, and environmental variables with HRQL as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), Chronic Heart Failure (CHQ), and a single question of perceived overall health (PH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data were obtained from the baseline interview and electronic medical records of 212 patients 50 years of age and older who were enrolled during the first 7 months of a medication adherence study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 63; 32% were male; 53% were black; the mean Charlson comorbidity score was 3.7; and the mean New York Heart Association class was 2.1. Correlations between KCCQ and CHQ subscale scores and PH ranged from 0.16 to 0.37. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the pathophysiologic measures ejection fraction and comorbidity were not associated with any of the HRQL measures. Overall PH was associated with greater age and more positive health beliefs. Persons of greater age, males, and black respondents had higher CHF-specific HRQL scores, as did persons reporting more positive health beliefs, greater income, social support, and communication with their physician. Variance explained ranged from 14 to 33%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cross-sectional data highlight the potential significance of social and behavioral factors in CHF-specific HRQL.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Wanzhu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health