Analysis of CREM-dependent gene expression during mouse spermatogenesis.
The transcription factors CREM, CREB, and ATF-1 constitute a subfamily of beta-Zip transcription factors. Several different kinase cascades regulate the activity of these proteins. The activator splice-isoform CREMtau is specifically and highly expressed in post-meiotic germ cells during mouse spermatogenesis. Male mice lacking CREMtau expression are sterile because of stage-specific arrest of sperm maturation as the spermatids undergo apoptosis. In order to characterize the genes that are controlled by CREM during post-meiotic differentiation of round spermatids, we compared the expression levels of mRNA prepared from testes of wild-type and CREM-deficient mice by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. A set of 956 unique sequences found in the CREM SSH library was further characterized by generating stage-specific expression profiles during spermatogenesis by hybridization with cDNA from pre-pubertal mice at defined stages of spermatogenesis using nylon DNA arrays. The resulting expression profiles were arranged in a linear order according to similarity in their profile shapes to find co-regulation of functionally related genes. Our data shows that a large number of genes are transcriptionally activated in round spermatids when CREM activity is maximal, including functional groups like transcription factors, proteins involved in signal transduction, and metabolic enzymes, therefore providing novel information of post-meiotic expression of many known as well as novel genes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by CREM expression.
Beissbarth
Tim
T
Molecular Biology of the Cell 1, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. tim.beissbarth@molgen.mpg.de
Borisevich
Igor
I
Hörlein
Andreas
A
Kenzelmann
Marc
M
Hergenhahn
Manfred
M
Klewe-Nebenius
Annette
A
Klären
Ralf
R
Korn
Bernhard
B
Schmid
Wolfgang
W
Vingron
Martin
M
Schütz
Günther
G
D000818:Animals; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator