title: Major depression in multiple sclerosis: a population-based perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of major depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) in a population-based sample controlling for nonspecific illness effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used data from a large-scale national survey conducted in Canada: the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The analysis included 115,071 CCHS subjects who were 18 years or older at the time of data collection. The CCHS interview obtained self-reported diagnoses of MS and employed a brief predictive interview for major depression: the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression. The 12-month period prevalence of major depression was estimated in subjects with and without MS and with and without other long-term medical conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of major depression was elevated in persons with MS relative to those without MS and those reporting other conditions. The association persisted after adjustment for age and sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.3). Major depression prevalence in MS for those in the 18- to 45-year age range was high at 25.7% (95% CI 15.6 to 35.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of major depression in the population with MS is elevated. This elevation is not an artifact of selection bias and exceeds that associated with having one or more other long-term conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. patten@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: J V A
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbui
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Metz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence