title: Variant evolutionary trees under phenotypic variance.
abstract: Evolutionary branching, which is a coevolutionary phenomenon of the development of two or more distinctive traits from a single trait in a population, is the issue of recent studies on adaptive dynamics. In previous studies, it was revealed that trait variance is a minimum requirement for evolutionary branching, and that it does not play an important role in the formation of an evolutionary pattern of branching. Here we demonstrate that the trait evolution exhibits various evolutionary branching paths starting from an identical initial trait to different evolutional terminus traits as determined by only changing the assumption of trait variance. The key feature of this phenomenon is the topological configuration of equilibria and the initial point in the manifold of dimorphism from which dimorphic branches develop. This suggests that the existing monomorphic or polymorphic set in a population is not an unique inevitable consequence of an identical initial phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-Cho, Room S514, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan. kinya@fish.hokundai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isoda
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002190:Cannibalism; D005716:Game Theory; D010641:Phenotype; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable