High risk of subsequent neoplasms continues with extended follow-up of childhood Hodgkin's disease: report from the Late Effects Study Group.
OBJECTIVE
We present an update of a previously reported Late Effects Study Group cohort of 1,380 children with Hodgkin's disease (HD) diagnosed between 1955 and 1986 in patients aged 16 years or younger. We describe the pattern and incidence of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) occurring with extended follow-up.


METHODS
Median age at diagnosis of HD was 11.7 years (range, 0.3 to 16.9 years) and at last follow-up was 27.8 years. Median length of follow-up was 17.0 years.


RESULTS
An additional 103 SNs were ascertained (total SNs = 212). The cohort was at an 18.5-fold increased risk of developing SNs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 18.5, 95% CI, 15.6 to 21.7). The cumulative incidence of any second malignancy was 10.6% at 20 years, increasing to 26.3% at 30 years; and of solid malignancies was 7.3% at 20 years, increasing to 23.5% at 30 years. Breast cancer was the most common solid malignancy (SIR, 56.7). Other commonly occurring solid malignancies included thyroid cancer (SIR, 36.4), bone tumors (SIR, 37.1), and colorectal (SIR, 36.4), lung (SIR, 27.3), and gastric cancers (SIR, 63.9). Risk factors for solid tumors included young age at HD and radiation-based therapy. Thirty-two patients developed third neoplasms, with the cumulative incidence approaching 21% at 10 years from diagnosis of second malignancy.


CONCLUSIONS
Additional follow-up of this large cohort of HD survivors documents an increasing occurrence of known radiation-associated solid tumors, (breast and thyroid cancers), as well as emergence of epithelial neoplasms common in adults, (colon and lung cancers) at a younger age than expected in the general population, necessitating ongoing surveillance of this high risk population.
Bhatia
Smita
S
City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA. sbhatia@coh.org
Yasui
Yutaka
Y
Robison
Leslie L
LL
Birch
Jillian M
JM
Bogue
Monica K
MK
Diller
Lisa
L
DeLaat
Cyndi
C
Fossati-Bellani
Franca
F
Morgan
Elaine
E
Oberlin
Odile
O
Reaman
Gregory
G
Ruymann
Frederick B
FB
Tersak
Jean
J
Meadows
Anna T
AT
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology