title: Calcification mimicking manganese-induced increased signal intensities in T1-weighted MR images in a patient taking herbal medicine: case report.
abstract: Characteristic high signal intensities confined to the globus pallidus on T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) can be observed in manganese (Mn)-exposed workers, however, these high signals should be differentiated from those due to other causes such as fat, hemoglobin breakdown products, melanoma, neurofibromatosis, and calcification. A 39-year-old woman was admitted with mutism and involuntary movements which had developed the day before. She had ingested two packs of liquid herbal medicine containing 0.53 mg of Mn daily for 4 months prior to visiting our hospital. Her MRI showed high signals, confined mainly to the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images. Follow-up brain MRI at an interval of 11 months showed no interval change. Brain computed tomography (CT) at the time of the second MRI showed symmetric calcification on both globus pallidus. Blood levels of liver function tests, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone were within normal ranges. The increased signals, which were first presumed to be induced by Mn, were concluded to be due to calcification based on the following reasons. First, follow-up brain MRI at an interval of 11 months did not show any interval change. Second, the ingested amount of 1.06 mg Mn daily for 4 months is even less than that added to mineral supplements for adults. Third, Mn-induced high signals in T1-weighted MRI do not show any abnormal findings in brain CT. The present case report suggests that brain CT should be performed to rule out symmetric calcification on basal ganglia in patients showing increased signals in T1-weighted MRI, but who do not have a significant exposure history to Mn. The present report also showed that the amount of 1.06 mg Mn daily ingested for 4 months did not cause the high signal in brain MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Cheol-In
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Choong Ryeol
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Yoon
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Chung Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Yangho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008345:Manganese / Q000009:adverse effects*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations; D008345:Manganese