title: Gross total surgical removal of malignant glioma from the medulla oblongata: report of two adult cases with reference to surgical anatomy.
abstract: Surgery was performed on the medulla oblongata of two adult patients with malignant glioma. Gross total resection of the tumors, located laterally or medially in the upper half of the medulla respectively, was achieved. The patient with the medially located tumor experienced significant postoperative neurological deterioration including sleep apnea. The other patient with the laterally located tumor showed symptomatic improvement without respiratory complications. The patient with an anaplastic astrocytoma survived approximately 4 years and the patient with a glioblastoma multiforme approximately 2 years. Although the upper half of the medulla is more critical than the lower half, a lateral approach to the upper half of the medulla appears to be relatively safer than a medial approach. Some cases of focal malignant gliomas in the medulla may be amenable to gross total resection in order to achieve improved outcome. Surgery can be undertaken when a tumor is unilateral and its margin appears relatively clear on magnetic resonance images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. kaykyosh@hsp.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyoshima
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005910:Glioma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods