title: A prospective, blinded study of diagnostic esophagoscopy with a superthin, stand-alone, battery-powered esophagoscope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A more widely available, well-tolerated, and cost-effective technique is needed to screen a broad population at risk for esophageal cancer. An ideal solution might be to perform unsedated esophagoscopy with an entirely self-contained, small-caliber endoscope. In a prospective, blinded study in three phases, we compared the feasibility, patient tolerance, and diagnostic accuracy of esophagoscopy performed with a prototype, superthin, battery-powered esophagoscope (BPE) with standard video esophagogastroduodenoscopy (SVE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In phase I, 10 healthy volunteers underwent both peroral and transnasal esophagoscopy with BPE to evaluate the technical feasibility of the examination. For phases II and III, patients were recruited to have BPE before SVE. In phase II, both procedures were performed with conscious sedation. In phase III, the BPE was performed with only topical anesthesia. Two endoscopists assessed the technical performance of the endoscope and patient tolerance and recorded the esophageal findings independently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In phase I, all endoscopists reported adequate visualization of the esophagus in the 10 volunteers. A total of 181 patients were evaluated in phases II and III (89 in phase II, 92 in phase III). The sensitivity for detecting columnar lined esophagus was 94% in phase II and 95% in phase III. The sensitivity for all esophageal findings was 87% and 86% in phases II and III, respectively. The technical performance of the endoscope was significantly worse for BPE compared with the SVE. The patient tolerance as evaluated by the endoscopist was similar for both procedures. Ninety-five percent of the patients undergoing unsedated BPE were willing to have the procedure repeated under similar circumstances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unsedated esophagoscopy with a 3.1-mm, battery-powered, stand-alone esophagoscope is feasible, well tolerated, and accurate in detecting esophageal pathologies. It might be an efficient and cost-effective screening tool for the detection of columnar lined esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Mahesh S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mokhashi
authors.forename: Stephan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wildi
authors.forename: Tammy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gumustop
authors.forename: Christopher Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hawes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D020701:Esophagoscopes; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014741:Video Recording