title: Aminoguanidine downregulates expression of cytokine-induced Fas and inducible nitric oxide synthase but not cytokine-enhanced surface antigens of rat islet cells.
abstract: Autoimmune beta-cell destruction occurs directly by cell-mediated cytotoxicity or indirectly by cytokines released from infiltrating lymphocytes. Cytokines (IL-1beta/IFN-gamma) modify or induce expression of MHC antigens and ICAM-1 on beta-cells which can lead to an improved binding of T-lymphocytes to beta-cells and finally to an enhanced cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cytokines also induce Fas-expression and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) causing generation of nitric oxide (NO) which is toxic for beta-cells. The iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) delays diabetes onset, but does not reduce diabetes incidence. We wanted to know whether AG inhibits cytokine-induced expression of Fas, MHC antigens and ICAM-1 on beta-cells of LEW.1W and BB/OK rat islets after culture with IL-1beta/IFN-gamma. NO was completely inhibited by 5.0 mmol/L AG while 0.5 mmol/L had no inhibitory effect. AG downregulated Fas-expression on the surface of beta-cells. Cytokine-induced/enhanced expression of MHC class-II and ICAM-1 was not affected by any AG concentration. AG syngergistically increased cytokine-induced enhancement of MHC class-I antigen density. AG possibly blocks the indirect pathway of beta-cell damage in vivo due to inhibition of Fas and iNOS and improves direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity due to drastic increased MHC class-I expression. Inhibition of only one pathway of beta-cell destruction is not sufficient to prevent diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathophysiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Greifswalder Str. 11c, D-17495 Karlsburg, Germany. kuttler@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuttler
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steveling
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klöting
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wanka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D007328:Insulin; D019014:fas Receptor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C004479:pimagedine