title: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor delays apoptosis in neutrophils by inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent death pathway.
abstract: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to activate macrophages and T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that recombinant MIF delays apoptosis of neutrophils in vitro. MIF action is dose and time dependent as well as specific since it was abolished with a neutralizing anti-MIF antibody. MIF, like G-CSF, delayed cleavage of the proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family Bid and Bax in neutrophils, suggesting that MIF inhibits apoptosis pathways proximal to mitochondria activation. Indeed, MIF also prevented release of cytochrome c and Smac from the mitochondria and subsequent activation of the critical effector caspase-3 in these cells. Moreover, we observed increased MIF plasma levels in patients with cystic fibrosis, a heterogeneous recessive genetic disorder associated with bacterial infections and delayed neutrophil apoptosis. In conclusion, MIF is a survival cytokine for human neutrophils, a finding with potential pathologic relevance in infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casaulta
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conus
authors.forename: Shida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.forename: Hans-Uwe
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C047610:SC5b-9 protein complex; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D045304:Cytochromes c; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases