Life satisfaction in patients with chest pain subsequently diagnosed as coronary heart disease--connection through depressive symptoms?
The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic patients (n = 144) with chest pain subsequently diagnosed as coronary heart disease (CHD) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), depression with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other psychiatric symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R Axis I and Axis II psychiatric diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of CHD patients were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied patients had Axis I mental disorders and Axis II personality disorders more frequently than others. Psychiatric and depressive symptoms according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied patients. In multiple logistic regression analyses, mental disorders were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of chest pain symptoms and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of CHD but by the existence of depressive symptoms.
Valkamo
M
M
Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
Koivumaa-Honkanen
H T
HT
Hintikka
J
J
Niskanen
L
L
Honkalampi
K
K
Viinamäki
H
H
D000368:Aged; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006694:Holistic Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires