Cyclooxygenase inhibition in cancer prevention and treatment.
Several lines of evidence suggest that the cyclooxygenase enzymes (specifically COX-2) might be an important molecular target for the intervention of cancer at both early and late stages of some cancers, providing an opportunity for both cancer prevention and therapy. COX-2 is overexpressed during carcinogenesis, and appears to have a role in both tumour initiation and promotion and is amenable to intervention. This review discusses the importance of COX modulation via non-specific, as well as COX-2 specific COX inhibitors (NSAIDs and COX-2 selective inhibitors [COXIB]). A brief discussion on the pharmacoeconomic considerations of NSAID and COXIB use and safety issues that have recently been the focus of debate, will be presented.
Anderson
William F
WF
Gastrointestinal & Other Cancers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, EPN, Room 2141, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7317, USA.
Umar
Asad
A
Hawk
Ernest T
ET
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases