title: Heat-shock proteins as regulators of apoptosis.
abstract: Heat-shock proteins are produced in response to different types of stress conditions making cells resistant to stress-induced cell damage. Under normal conditions, heat-shock proteins play numerous roles in cell function, including modulating protein activity by changing protein conformation, promoting multiprotein complex assembly/disassembly, regulating protein degradation within the proteasome pathway, facilitating protein translocation across organellar membranes, and ensuring proper folding of nascent polypeptide chains during protein translation. When cells are stressed, a common response is to undergo cell death by one of two pathways, either 'necrosis' or 'apoptosis'. Recently, both routes to cell death have been revealed to share similar mechanisms, with heat-shock proteins and their cofactors responsible for inhibiting both apoptotic and necrotic pathways. We therefore briefly summarize recent reports showing molecular evidence of cell death regulation by heat-shock proteins and their cochaperones.
authors.affiliation: The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. stakayama@burnham.org
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Homma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor