title: Bulgarian propolis induces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice and inhibits in vitro contraction of airway smooth muscle.
abstract: Propolis is a bee product, which has long been used in folk medicine for the management of different diseases. In this study we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of a standard ethanolic extract of Bulgarian propolis (Et-Blg) in mice and its in vitro effect on airway smooth muscle. Et-Blg inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions with an ID(50) = 7.4 +/- 0.7 mg. kg(-1). In the formalin test, the extract caused a significant reduction in pain in mice treated with 100 mg. kg(-1) Et-Blg during the neurogenic phase and for the inflammatory phase with all doses of the extract, with an ID(50) = 2.5 +/- 0.4 mg. kg(-1). Et-Blg inhibited also the capsaicin-induced ear edema in mice; however, this extract was ineffective when assessed in the tail-flick and hot-plate thermal assays. The analgesic effect of Et-Blg was associated with the inhibition of inflammatory responses and not to a simple irritation of nervous terminals. In vitro, this extract inhibited the contraction of trachea smooth muscle induced by histamine (IC(50) = 50 +/- 5 microg. mL(-1)), capsaicin (IC(50) = 26.8 +/- 3 microg. mL(-1)), 80 mM KCl (IC(50) = 27.8 +/- 3 microg. mL(-1)), and carbachol (IC(50) = 54 +/- 2 microg. mL(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Biofármacos (BIOFAR), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Niraldo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.forename: Andreia Pires
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: Vassya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bankova
authors.forename: Daniela Taggliari
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Longhi
authors.forename: Amarilis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scremin
authors.forename: Solange Lisboa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: João Batista
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Calixto
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002031:Bulgaria; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D011429:Propolis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011429:Propolis