title: Efficacy of swallowing training for residents following stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of dysphagia is associated with an increased risk of mortality, malnutrition, dehydration, compromised pulmonary function, and disability. Appropriate swallowing training can establish optimal nutritional status and eliminate or reduce the risk of developing medical complications associated with swallowing impairment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the functional swallowing and nutritional outcomes of swallowing training in institutionalized stroke residents with dysphagia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental parallel cluster design was used. Seven institutions with similar bed sizes were selected. All subjects in the experimental group received a structured swallowing training programme. The subjects in the experimental group (n = 40) received 30 minutes of swallowing training each day for 6 days per week for 8 weeks. The control group (n = 21) did not receive any training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After swallowing training, mean differences in volume per second, volume per swallow, mid-arm circumference and body weight between pre- and post-training of the experimental group were significantly higher than for the control group, while mean differences in neurological examination and choking frequency during meals for the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study used objective timed swallowing tests, a swallowing questionnaire, and a neurological examination to evaluate the effects of swallowing training. However, videofluroscopy is generally considered the best method for evaluating the pharyngeal and esophageal stages of swallowing, and introducing this technique is recommended for future studies. Furthermore, it is recommended that nursing professionals should conduct swallowing training protocols in stroke patients to help prevent aspiration from dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Institute of Clinical Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. lichan@ym.edu.tw
authors.forename: Li-Chan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shu-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Seng Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tyng-Guey
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Miao-Yen
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shiao-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status