title: The adolescent varicocele: diagnostic and treatment patterns of pediatricians. A public health concern?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determine whether practice patterns of pediatricians contribute to delays in diagnosing and treating adolescents with varicoceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey consisting of 11 multiple-choice questions was mailed to 5,000 pediatricians selected by zip code in New York State. Zip codes were chosen to reflect urban, suburban and rural counties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 544 of the 5000 (10.9%) surveys were returned, and 92 (16.9%) pediatricians acknowledged that they did not routinely perform physical examinations of the genitalia of adolescent males patients. Of 497 pediatricians who routinely or occasionally examine the genitalia 54 (10.9%) did not examine for the presence of varicoceles. When pediatricians were asked how they assess for the presence of varicoceles, 13 of 521 (2.5%) only used visual inspection, 50 (9.6%) only examined patients in the supine position and 379 (72.7%) of these pediatricians never used Valsalva maneuvers. Of 517 respondents 442 (85.5%) referred patients with varicoceles to a urologist for followup and 72 (13.9%) did no further evaluation. When asked to indicate what they thought was the greatest concern regarding the pediatric varicocele, 327 of 497 (65.0%) pediatricians indicated deterioration of future infertility, 120 (30.0%) indicated testicular growth retardation, 105 (24.2%) indicated pain and 18 (4.3%) indicated cosmesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant percentage of pediatricians do not routinely perform physical examinations for varicoceles or appropriately examine for varicoceles, despite the majority being aware of the potential significance of varicoceles. This study demonstrates the need for increased educational efforts among pediatricians regarding the need for physical examination of the genitalia, the techniques for appropriate physical examination, and the need for appropriate referral and followup of adolescents with varicoceles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubal
authors.forename: Harris M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nagler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahalsky
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011634:Public Health; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014646:Varicocele / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*