Controlling cell fate by bone morphogenetic protein receptors.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional proteins that regulate the fate of different cell types, including mesenchymal and endothelial cells. BMPs inhibit myogenic differentiation, but promote the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts. Furthermore, endothelial migration and tube formation are stimulated by BMPs. Like other members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, BMPs elicit their cellular effects via specific types I and II serine/threonine receptors. The activated BMP type I receptor phosphorylates specific receptor-regulated (R)-Smad proteins, which assemble into heteromeric complexes with common partner (Co)-Smad4. Heteromeric Smad complexes efficiently translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate the transcription of target genes. Inhibitors of differentiation (Id) are genes that are specifically induced by BMPs in tissues of different origin. Promoter analysis of Id1 indicates three distinct sequence elements that are sufficient and essential for efficient BMP-induced activation. Furthermore, recent studies reveal an important effector function for Id1 in various BMP-induced biological responses.
ten Dijke
Peter
P
Division of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands. p.t.dijke@nki.nl
Korchynskyi
Olexander
O
Valdimarsdottir
Gudrun
G
Goumans
Marie-José
MJ
D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000502:physiology; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D008954:Models, Biological; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D051902:Smad5 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497453:ID1 protein, human; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; C497797:SMAD5 protein, human; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D051902:Smad5 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II; C498218:BMPR2 protein, human; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II