Thioredoxin: a key regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis.
The thioredoxin (TRX) system (TRX, TRX reductase, and NADPH) is a ubiquitous thiol oxidoreductase system that regulates cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status. The oxidation mechanism for disease pathogenesis states that an imbalance in cell redox state alters function of multiple cell pathways. In this study, we review the essential role for TRX to limit oxidative stress directly via antioxidant effects and indirectly by protein-protein interaction with key signaling molecules, such as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. We propose that TRX and its endogenous regulators are important future targets to develop clinical therapies for cardiovascular disorders associated with oxidative stress.
Yamawaki
Hideyuki
H
Center for Cardiovascular Research, Box 679, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Haendeler
Judith
J
Berk
Bradford C
BC
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054477:Glutaredoxins; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*
D000975:Antioxidants; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D054477:Glutaredoxins; D011506:Proteins; C486715:TXNIP protein, human; D013879:Thioredoxins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C482858:MAP3K5 protein, human