title: A 12-week, double-blind comparison of olanzapine vs haloperidol in the treatment of acute mania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This randomized controlled trial compares the efficacy and safety of olanzapine vs haloperidol, as well as the quality of life of patients taking these drugs, in patients with bipolar mania.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design consisted of 2 successive, 6-week, double-blind periods and compared flexible dosing of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d, n = 234) with haloperidol (3-15 mg/d, n = 219).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of remission (Young-Mania Rating Scale score of < or =12 and 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of < or =8 at week 6) were similar for olanzapine- and haloperidol-treated patients (52.1% vs 46.1%, respectively; P =.15). For the subgroup of patients whose index episode did not include psychotic features, rates of remission were significantly greater for the olanzapine group compared with the haloperidol group (56.7% vs 41.6%, P =.04). Relapse into an affective episode (mania and/or depression) occurred in 13.1% and 14.8% of olanzapine- and haloperidol-treated patients, respectively (P =.56). Switch to depression occurred significantly more rapidly with haloperidol than with olanzapine when using survival analysis techniques (P =.04), and significantly more haloperidol-treated patients experienced worsening of extrapyramidal symptoms, as indicated by several measures. Weight gain was significantly greater in the olanzapine group compared with the haloperidol group (2.82 vs 0.02 kg, P<.001). The olanzapine group had significant improvement in quality of life on several dimensions compared with the haloperidol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that olanzapine does not differ from haloperidol in achieving overall remission of bipolar mania. However, haloperidol carries a higher rate of extrapyramidal symptoms, whereas olanzapine is associated with weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Ind 46225, USA. m.tohen@lilly.com
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Pinto Arrillaga
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hardy-Bayle
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Emsley
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Risser
authors.forename: Madhav A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Namjoshi
authors.forename: Angela R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breier
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D006220:Haloperidol; D000077152:Olanzapine