title: Laryngoplasty with ventriculectomy or ventriculocordectomy in 104 draft horses (1992-2000).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate efficacy and safety of laryngoplasty with vetriculectomy (VE) or ventriculocordectomy (VCE) for treatment of laryngeal hemiplegia (LH) in draft horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred four draft horses used for competitive hitch competitions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records and postoperative endoscopy for competitive hitch draft horses diagnosed with left LH and treated with laryngoplasty and VE or VCE between January 1992 and December 2000 were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained from telephone interviews with owners and trainers, and performance scores of 1 to 3 were assigned in which 1 was defined as a horse that was unable to perform (abnormal respiratory noise with or without exercise intolerance), 2 was able to perform but not for its intended use (exercise tolerant but abnormal respiratory noise), and 3 was performing as expected for its intended use (exercise tolerant, no abnormal respiratory noise).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred four horses that had 111 laryngoplasty procedures were included. All horses had preoperative performance scores of 1. Follow-up information was available for 79 horses. Improvement in postoperative performance (exercise tolerant, with or without abnormal respiratory noise) was reported in 92% of horses. Respiratory noise was eliminated in 72% (57 horses) of horses. Postoperative performance scores were the following: 3 in 57 (72%) horses, 2 in 16 (20%) horses, and 1 in 6 (8%) horses. There was no significant difference in postoperative performance based on preoperative grade of LH. There was a trend for horses with >/=70% of possible maximal abduction postoperatively to have a performance score of 3. Postanesthetic complications included prolonged recovery (4 horses, 4%) and myopathy or neuropathy (7 horses, 7%). One of these horses was killed because it did stand; triceps myopathy and encephalopathy were confirmed on necropsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laryngoplasty with VE or VCE is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of LH in the draft horse. Repeat laryngoplasty can be performed successfully, with good performance outcome after laryngoplasty failure. Complications associated with general anesthesia and laryngoplasty in draft horses are higher than reported for light breed horses under similar conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For LH, laryngoplasty with VCE or VE under general anesthesia is recommended to eliminate abnormal respiratory noise and improve performance in most competitive hitch draft horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
authors.forename: Beth M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Tulleners
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D007830:Larynx / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery*