title: The effects of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, on markers of endothelial cell activation, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels in non-diabetic coronary artery disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the effect of rosiglitazone on markers of endothelial cell activation and acute-phase reactants in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Inflammation plays a key role in all stages of atherosclerosis and in the genesis of acute coronary syndromes. Rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and previous data suggest that it may have anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stable, angiographically documented CAD without diabetes mellitus were investigated. Patients were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive treatment with placebo or rosiglitazone (4 mg/day for 8 weeks followed by 8 mg/day for 4 weeks) for 12 weeks. Eighty-four patients completed the study. Fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, markers of endothelial activation, and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rosiglitazone treatment resulted in a significant reduction in E-selectin (p = 0.03), von Willebrand factor (p = 0.007), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), fibrinogen (p = 0.003) and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance index (p = 0.02), compared with placebo. Significant elevations in low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were observed in the rosiglitazone group (p < 0.01). Within the rosiglitazone-treated group, reductions in C-reactive protein and von Willebrand factor were significantly correlated with a reduction in insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosiglitazone significantly reduces markers of endothelial cell activation and levels of acute-phase reactants in CAD patients without diabetes. Potential underlying mechanisms include insulin sensitization and direct modification of transcription within the vessel wall.
authors.affiliation: Coronary Artery Disease Research Unit, Cardiological Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School,., London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jagdip S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: Dahlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Juan-Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kaski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000187:drug effects*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein