title: Neuroprotection by flavonoids.
abstract: The high morbidity, high socioeconomic costs and lack of specific treatments are key factors that define the relevance of brain pathology for human health and the importance of research on neuronal protective agents. Epidemiological studies have shown beneficial effects of flavonoids on arteriosclerosis-related pathology in general and neurodegeneration in particular. Flavonoids can protect the brain by their ability to modulate intracellular signals promoting cellular survival. Quercetin and structurally related flavonoids (myricetin, fisetin, luteolin) showed a marked cytoprotective capacity in in vitro experimental conditions in models of predominantly apoptotic death such as that induced by medium concentrations (200  M) of H2O2 added to PC12 cells in culture. Nevertheless, quercetin did not protect substantia nigra neurons in vivo from an oxidative insult (6-hydroxydopamine), probably due to difficulties in crossing the blood-brain barrier. On the other hand, treatment of permanent focal ischemia with a lecithin/quercetin preparation decreased lesion volume, showing that preparations that help to cross the blood-brain barrier may be critical for the expression of the effects of flavonoids on the brain. The hypothesis is advanced that a group of quercetin-related flavonoids could become lead molecules for the development of neuroprotective compounds with multitarget anti-ischemic effects.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neuroquimica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol gicas Clemente Estable, Universidade da Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dajas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivera-Megret
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasina
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arredondo
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Abin-Carriquiry
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Echeverry
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lafon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heizen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morquio
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents