title: Trypan blue staining in vitreoretinal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of trypan blue for staining the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and epiretinal membranes (ERM) in vitreoretinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty eyes of 50 patients with macular pucker (n = 22), macular hole (n = 18), or a combination (n = 2), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (n = 5), or diabetic retinopathy (n = 3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Trypan blue 0.2% was used to stain the ILM or ERM during vitreoretinal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intraoperative visibility of the membranes was scored as poor, moderate, good, or excellent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The application of trypan blue onto the ILM or the ERM resulted in a useful bluish staining, facilitating the identification, delineation, and removal of the membranes in all surgeries. No residual staining or adverse effects related to the dye were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trypan blue stains both ILM and ERM and might be an useful tool in vitreoretinal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Oftalmico de Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Aguilera
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Teba
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eckardt
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Joondeph
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stalmans
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Overdam
authors.forename: Gerrit R J
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Melles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014343:Trypan Blue; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014343:Trypan Blue