title: Female gender is associated with impaired quality of life 1 year after coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate gender-related differences in quality of life (QOL) and cognitive function 1 year after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) after adjusting for known baseline differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty patients (96 women and 184 men) underwent neurocognitive and QOL evaluation at baseline (preoperatively) and at 1 year after CABG. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the relationship of gender to follow-up QOL and cognitive function. Measures used to evaluate QOL were IADL, DASI, work activities (SF-36), social activities, social support, general health perception (SF-36), CESD, STAI, and symptom limitations. Cognitive function was measured with a battery of performance-based neuropsychological tests, reduced to a four-cognitive domain scores with factor analysis, and a self-report measure of cognitive difficulties. Covariates in multiple regression models included age, years of education, marital status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, hypertension, diabetes, race, and baseline QOL/cognitive status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female patients showed significantly worse outcome than male patients at 1 year follow-up in several key areas of QOL. After adjusting for baseline differences, women are at greater risk for increased cognitive difficulties (p= 0.04) and anxiety (p= 0.03), as well as impaired DASI (p= 0.02), IADL (p= 0.03), and work activities (p= 0.02). Cognitive sequelae attributable to bypass surgery were similar between men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even after adjusting for known risk factors for compromised QOL and cognitive functioning, women do not show the same long-term quality benefits of CABG surgery that men do.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. phill016@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Phillips Bute
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Welsh-Bohmer
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Landolfo
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012919:Social Behavior