title: Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation, a new clinical and genetic disorder caused by RASA1 mutations.
abstract: Capillary malformation (CM), or "port-wine stain," is a common cutaneous vascular anomaly that initially appears as a red macular stain that darkens over years. CM also occurs in several combined vascular anomalies that exhibit hypertrophy, such as Sturge-Weber syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, and Parkes Weber syndrome. Occasional familial segregation of CM suggests that there is genetic susceptibility, underscored by the identification of a large locus, CMC1, on chromosome 5q. We used genetic fine mapping with polymorphic markers to reduce the size of the CMC1 locus. A positional candidate gene, RASA1, encoding p120-RasGAP, was screened for mutations in 17 families. Heterozygous inactivating RASA1 mutations were detected in six families manifesting atypical CMs that were multiple, small, round to oval in shape, and pinkish red in color. In addition to CM, either arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, or Parkes Weber syndrome was documented in all the families with a mutation. We named this newly identified association caused by RASA1 mutations "CM-AVM," for capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation. The phenotypic variability can be explained by the involvement of p120-RasGAP in signaling for various growth factor receptors that control proliferation, migration, and survival of several cell types, including vascular endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Iiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eerola
authors.forename: Laurence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dompmartin
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanwijck
authors.forename: Miikka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vikkula
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D019339:Port-Wine Stain / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D020729:p120 GTPase Activating Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020729:p120 GTPase Activating Protein