title: Seroprevalence and risk factors for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Amazon region of Ecuador.
abstract: Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the Ecuadorian Amazon region has recently been reported. A seroepidemiologic survey conducted in four provinces in this region indicates a seroprevalence rate of 2.4% among the 6,866 samples collected in 162 communities. Among children < OR = 10 years of age, 1.2% were seropositive. Risk factors for T. cruzi seropositivity were having been born and remaining in the Ecuadorian Amazon provinces, age, living in a house with a thatch roof and open or mixed wall construction, recognizing the vector insects, and reporting being bitten by a triatomine bug. These data suggest active transmission of Chagas' disease in the Ecuadorian Amazon region is associated with poor housing conditions, and highlight the need for further studies aimed at understanding the biology of the insect vectors, reservoir species, and the clinical impact of T. cruzi infection as the basis for future educational and control programs in this region.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Disease Institute, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA. Grijalva@ohiou.edu
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grijalva
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Escalante
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Paredes
authors.forename: Jaime A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Costales
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Edwin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: H Marcelo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Racines
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D045483:Rivers; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000302:isolation & purification*