title: Hepatoma-derived growth factor induces tumorigenesis in vivo through both direct angiogenic activity and induction of vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is highly expressed in tumor cells, and stimulates their proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the role of HDGF in tumorigenesis and elucidated the mechanism of action. Stable transfectants of NIH3T3 cells overexpressing HDGF did not show significant anchorage-independent growth in soft agar assay. However, these stable transfectants overexpressing HDGF generated sarcomatous tumors in nude mice. These tumors were red-colored macroscopically, and histologically showed a rich vascularity. Immunohistochemical analysis using CD31 antibody showed new vessel formation. Recombinant HDGF stimulated proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, and stimulated tubule formation. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected immunohistochemically in the tumor tissues. Transient expression of HDGF induced both VEGF gene and protein expression as demonstrated by a reporter assay using VEGF gene promoter. The administration of anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody significantly suppressed, but did not block, the tumor growth of HDGF-overexpressing cells in nude mice. Thus, these findings suggested that HDGF-induced tumor formation in vivo involves induction of VEGF as well as direct angiogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871.
authors.forename: Yorihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Hideji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hirayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uyama
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirotani
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funamoto
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Allen D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hada
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C051610:hepatoma-derived growth factor