title: Photodynamic therapy for sarcoma pulmonary metastases: a preclinical toxicity study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative pleural and interstitial PDT accompanying resection may reduce peripheral micrometastatic foci and preclude lobectomy when applied to hilar lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen beagles were used to determine the safety and histologic changes resulting from PDT. Photosensitizers HPPH (0.3 mg/kg) or Photofrin (2.0 mg/kg) were administered i.v. 48 hours prior to thoracotomy and light delivery. At thoracotomy interstitial or pleural light was given. They underwent necropsy at eight and 30 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant toxicitities occurred with pleural PDT using high dose HPPH (15 & 30 J/cm2) including pyrexia, elevated WBC and CPK, and respiratory distress. However, using single beam pleural surface treatment all light doses for HPPH and Photofrin (5-40 J/cm2) were tolerated with depths of treatment effect up to 10 mm with HPPH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histologic and clinical changes associated with interstitial and pleural PDT were acceptable after dosimetry was adjusted. PDT holds promise as an adjuvant treatment for sarcoma pulmonary metastases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, State University of New York, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. timothy.anderson@roswellpark.org
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumlin
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schlossin
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kanter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004285:Dogs; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010994:Pleura / Q000473:pathology; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D002734:Chlorophyll; C083998:2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether