title: Role of the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins in human lone atrial fibrillation: electrophysiological and pathological data from patients undergoing atrial fibrillation surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgery can eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF), but data confirming the rationale for specific lesion sets are lacking. We used postoperative electrophysiological studies to test the rationale and effects of operative pulmonary venous isolation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients undergoing surgical pulmonary venous isolation for drug-refractory lone AF were studied. Successful isolation was confirmed postoperatively in 13 of 14 patients. Spontaneous sustained AF was recorded from the isolated pulmonary venous region (PVR) in 4 and was induced by extrastimulus testing in another. The remaining atrial region (RAR) was in sinus rhythm in 13 patients and nonsustained AF in 1. Atrial extrastimulus testing and burst pacing in the RAR failed to induce sustained AF. In follow-up, 1 patient developed paroxysmal AF, and electrical continuity between the PVR and RAR was confirmed. Isolation was achieved with radiofrequency ablation with no further AF. Another patient developed typical atrial flutter that required ablation. AF has not recurred in any patient at 25.1+/-11.9 months (range, 6 to 56 months) after surgery. Atrial histopathology was consistent with tachycardia-induced changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total electrical isolation of the PVR controlled AF with excellent clinical outcome and appeared necessary for success. The isolated PVR can sustain spontaneous or induced AF, whereas the considerably larger RAR does not. These data provide a sound rationale for PVR in eliminating AF.
authors.affiliation: Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Derick M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Allan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Skanes
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guiraudon
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guiraudon
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Krahn
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology*