title: Treatment of six cases of left renal nutcracker phenomenon: surgery and endografting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective study was undertaken to examine therapeutic strategies used in 6 patients with left renal venal nutcracker phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients underwent surgical transposition of the superior mesenteric artery. Three patients underwent endograft stent implantations with intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 6 cases were completely relieved of left renal vein compression after the operations, leading to improved clinical symptoms and normal urine tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transposition of the superior mesenteric artery is a feasible method, but leads to complications and great trauma. Treating left renal venal nutcracker phenomenon with endografting techniques is minimally invasive in certain cases, and seems to have a prospective future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China. doczhk@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Hongkun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Songling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Zhonggao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000601:surgery; D012082:Renal Veins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013577:Syndrome