title: Diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours by retrospective image fusion: is there a benefit?
abstract: This study evaluated the use of image fusion in the preoperative staging of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the pancreas and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Thirty-eight patients suffering from a metastasized NET with location of the primary in the pancreas ( n=15) or the GIT ( n=23) were examined by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and computed tomography (CT). Consecutive image registration and fusion were performed using custom-built software integrated in AVS/Express (Advanced Visual Systems, Waltham, MA, USA). Registration was performed by a voxel-based algorithm based on normalized mutual information. Image fusion was feasible in 36/38 patients. A total of 87 foci were assigned to anatomical regions (e.g. gut, pancreas, liver, lymph node or others) by two independent observers in both SRS and SRS/CT fusion images. The assignments used a binary ranking system (1="definite", 0="not definite"). These results were then retrospectively compared to the classification of the foci, based on postoperative histology or clinical follow-up. Imaging by SRS allowed a definite anatomical assignment in 57% (50/87) and 61% (53/87) of all lesions in the case of observers A and B, respectively. Image fusion improved the topographic assignment to 91% (79/87) and to 93% (81/87). The number classified as "definite" by both observers increased from 54% (47/87) to 86% (77/87). The increase in definite assignments was highly significant for both observers ( P<0.0001 for each). In the case of foci classified as liver metastases, image fusion allowed improved assignment to the corresponding liver segment from 45% (18/40) to 98% (39/40) and from 58% (23/40) to 100% (40/40) by observers A and B, respectively. Furthermore, the improved assignment of foci classified as lesions by image fusion was relevant for therapy in 7/36 patients (19%). Therefore, the image fusion technique presented herein appears to be a very useful method for clinical routine.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. h.amthauer@charite.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amthauer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhmig
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez-Hänninen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohlfing
authors.forename: K-D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wernecke
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Plöckinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutberlet
authors.forename: A-J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinmüller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiedenmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013382:Subtraction Technique
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin; C081788:pentetreotide