title: BMP induction of Id proteins suppresses differentiation and sustains embryonic stem cell self-renewal in collaboration with STAT3.
abstract: The cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) drives self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by activating the transcription factor STAT3. In serum-free cultures, however, LIF is insufficient to block neural differentiation and maintain pluripotency. Here, we report that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act in combination with LIF to sustain self-renewal and preserve multilineage differentiation, chimera colonization, and germline transmission properties. ES cells can be propagated from single cells and derived de novo without serum or feeders using LIF plus BMP. The critical contribution of BMP is to induce expression of Id genes via the Smad pathway. Forced expression of Id liberates ES cells from BMP or serum dependence and allows self-renewal in LIF alone. Upon LIF withdrawal, Id-expressing ES cells differentiate but do not give rise to neural lineages. We conclude that blockade of lineage-specific transcription factors by Id proteins enables the self-renewal response to LIF/STAT3.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JQ, Edinburgh, Scotland. qilong.ying@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Qi Long
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D051379:Mice; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C497455:Idb1 protein, mouse; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors