title: On-line compensation for perturbations of a reaching movement is cerebellar dependent: support for the task dependency hypothesis.
abstract: Although the cerebellum has been shown to be critical for the acquisition and retention of adaptive modifications in certain reflex behaviors, this structure's role in the learning of motor skills required to execute complex voluntary goal-directed movements still is unclear. This study explores this issue by analyzing the effects of inactivating the interposed and dentate cerebellar nuclei on the adaptation required to compensate for an external elastic load applied during a reaching movement. We show that cats with these nuclei inactivated can adapt to predictable perturbations of the forelimb during a goal-directed reach by including a compensatory component in the motor plan prior to movement initiation. In contrast, when comparable compensatory modifications must be triggered on-line because the perturbations are applied in randomized trials (i.e., unpredictably), such adaptive responses cannot be executed or reacquired after the interposed and dentate nuclei are inactivated. These findings provide the first demonstration of the condition-dependent nature of the cerebellum's contribution to the learning of a specific volitional task.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA. Yury.Shimansky@asu.edu
authors.forename: Yury
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimansky
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Vlastislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bracha
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bloedel
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002415:Cats; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004576:Electromyography; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology; D006112:Gravitation; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009862:Online Systems; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014836:Volition