title: Genetic influences on myoclonic and absence seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between genotype and phenotype in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) using a novel approach that focuses on seizure type rather than syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors evaluated whether the genetic effects on myoclonic seizures differ from the genetic effects on absence seizures. For this purpose, they studied 34 families containing 2 or more members with IGEs and assessed whether the number of families concordant for seizure type exceeded that expected by chance. The authors performed a similar analysis to examine the genetic contributions to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), and childhood absence epilepsy (CAE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed number of families concordant for seizure type (myoclonic, absence, or both) was greater than expected (20 vs 7.51; p < 0.0001). The observed number of families concordant for syndrome was greater than expected when JME was compared with absence epilepsies (JAE+CAE) (17 vs 11.9; p < 0.012) but not when JAE was compared with CAE (8 vs 6.82; p = 0.516).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence for distinct genetic effects on absence and myoclonic seizures, suggesting that examining the two seizure types separately would be useful in linkage studies of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. The approach presented here can also be used to discover other clinical features that could direct division of epilepsies into groups likely to share susceptibility genes.
authors.affiliation: G.H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Winawer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pedley
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ottman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype