title: Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in serum from human foetuses and children: pattern and clinical interest.
abstract: Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) determination has been used to investigate gonadal development and abnormal sexual differentiation, but until recently, it was based on assays developed by specialized laboratories. A short time ago, a sensitive assay kit was developed commercially (Immunotech-Beckman Coulter) for clinical use. With this method, we established usual levels of serum AMH in fetuses, newborns, and pre-pubertal children, and evaluated the clinical value of this assay. AMH measurement required only 25 microl of sample and could be performed within 3 h. In females, AMH emerged after birth at low levels (median: 4 ng/ml). In males, AMH levels remained stable during fetal life (median: 44.4 ng/ml), peaked in the first months of life to reach a median of 124.7 ng/ml, then fell with wide individual variations. Cord blood AMH levels at birth may be useful to investigate ambiguous genitalia suspected prenatally. In children with isolated microphallus or hypospadias, decreased AMH values are in favor of testis dysfunction. When testes cannot be palpated, a single determination of serum AMH levels can distinguish between anorchia and cryptorchidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France. jean.guibourdenche@rdb.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guibourdenche
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lucidarme
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chevenne
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rigal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Léger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porquet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noël
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002987:Clitoris / Q000002:abnormalities; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005333:Fetus; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000097:blood; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013735:Testicular Hormones / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D013735:Testicular Hormones; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone