title: Medial and lateral malleolar perforator flaps for repair of defects around the ankle.
abstract: Reconstruction for defects around the ankle continues to be challenging. Repairs have been effected with the dorsalis pedis flap, the medial plantar flap, and with reverse-flow island flaps using the anterior and posterior tibial systems and the peroneal system. However, sacrifice of the major vessels of the lower leg and wide and long scars at the donor site are disadvantages of these flaps. To overcome these disadvantages, the authors developed island lateral and medial malleolar flaps with the perforators located close to the ankle. These flaps are easy to elevate, involve a short operating time, require no sacrifice of major vessels or muscles of the lower legs, and the use of these adipofascial flaps makes donor scars more acceptable. Malleolar perforator flaps are suitable for the repair of small ankle defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan. plakoshi@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koshima
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Yuzaburo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nanba
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016523:Foot Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology