title: Laminin-5 gamma 2 chain and matrix metalloproteinase-2 may trigger colorectal carcinoma invasiveness through formation of budding tumor cells.
abstract: Tumor budding has been reported to be significantly associated with lymph node or distant metastasis in colorectal carcinomas. We attempted to elucidate the contributing factors for the formation of budding tumor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty T1 colorectal carcinomas were immunostained using several antibodies against adhesion-related molecules, and the associations between tumor budding and clinicopathological factors were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis revealed that predominant histology, lymphatic permeation, depth of invasion, width of invasion, CD44 variant 6 expression, laminin-5 gamma 2 chain expression and stromal MMP-2 expression were associated with tumor budding. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphatic permeation, laminin-5 gamma 2 chain expression and stromal MMP-2 expression were independently and significantly associated with tumor budding. Furthermore, laminin-5 gamma 2 chain and stromal MMP-2 expression patterns were significantly associated with locoregional failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that laminin-5 gamma 2 chain and MMP-2 may contribute synergistically to the formation of budding tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kyorin University, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan. masaki@kyorin-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Nobutsugu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumisato
authors.forename: Akiteru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atomi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000097794:Kalinin
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D000097794:Kalinin