title: Stage I testicular seminoma: para-aortic and iliac irradiation with reduced dose after orchiectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiotherapy remains the treatment of choice for patients with stage I seminoma. The aim of this study is to report preliminary results of reduced dose radiotherapy to ipsilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1996 and December 2001, 53 patients with stage I testicular seminoma were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy after orchiectomy. The median age was 34 years (19-59 years). Four (7.5%) patients had a history of cryptorchidism. Eleven (20.8%) patients showed elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. All patients had a radical inguinal orchiectomy and histopathological analysis yielded classic seminoma in 47 (88.7%), spermatocytic in 5 (9.4%) and anaplastic in 1 (1.9%) patients. A total of 19.6-20 Gy in 1.8- to 2-Gy daily fractions was administered to the para-aortic and ipsilateral iliac lymphatics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up time was 42 months (12-77 months). One patient developed para-aortic lymph node recurrence at month 28 of the follow-up. Five-year overall and disease-free survivals were 100 and 98%, respectively. Only grade I-II of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group acute gastrointestinal complications without any severe late toxicity was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced dose radiotherapy seems to be as effective as higher doses in the management of stage I seminoma with an acceptable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. mgurkaynak@superonline.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gürkaynak
authors.forename: Fadil
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akyol
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zorlu
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akyurek
authors.forename: Ferah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: I Lale
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Atahan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018239:Seminoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery