title: Alteration in behavioral sensitivity to amphetamine after treatment with oxotremorine. Effect of dose and test environment.
abstract: Our earlier experiment revealed that rats pretreated once with an anticholinesterase develop hyposensitivity to amphetamine (AMPH). One of the likely causes of this effect might be a transient hyperexcitation of the central muscarinic receptors. It has appeared, however, that rats pretreated with oxotremorine (OX), a muscarinic agonist, show an augmented behavioral response to AMPH weeks later. The present experiments were performed in order to obtain more information on the relationship between the OX-induced sensitization to AMPH and the OX dose and dosing regime (single or repeated), and to find out whether the environment associated with the acute effects of OX could affect the response to AMPH. In experiment 1, adult male rats were given a single i.p. injection of OX in home cages at a moderate (0.5 mg/kg) or high (1.0 mg/kg) dose. In experiment 2, the rats received eight 1.0 mg/kg doses of OX in the course of three days. After each injection, some animals returned to their home cages, and some were placed in the test cages for 30 min. In both experiments, the response to AMPH was assessed on day 21 after the treatment. The obtained results indicate that: (i) a single i.p. exposure to OX results in an increase of the rat's behavioral sensitivity to AMPH but the moderate dose is more effective in inducing this effect; (ii) repeated exposure to OX at high doses, in a regime enabling development of tolerance to the acute OX effects, does not alter the rat sensitivity to AMPH, and (iii) expression of the AMPH response is suppressed in environment which has been associated with acute effects of OX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 90-950 Lodz, Poland. gralslaw@imp.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gralewicz
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiaderna
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomas
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004777:Environment; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010095:Oxotremorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010095:Oxotremorine; D000661:Amphetamine