title: Impact of reflux disease on general and disease-related quality of life - evidence from a recent comparative methodological study in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical and socioeconomic burden of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considerable. The primary symptom of GERD is heartburn, but it may also be associated with extraesophageal manifestations, such as asthma, chest pain and otolaryngologic disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the impact of heartburn on patients' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) in Germany, using validated generic and disease-specific instruments to measure patient-reported outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with symptoms of heartburn completed the German versions of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire (QOLRAD), the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Frequency and severity of heartburn during the previous 7 days were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  142 consecutive patients completed the assessments (mean age of 47.5 years, SD = 14.6; 55.6 % female). 70 % of patients had moderate symptoms. Over half (68 %) had symptoms on more than 4 days in the previous week. Patients were most bothered by symptoms of reflux with a mean GSRS score, (ranges from 1 [not bothered] to 7 [very bothered]), of 3.9, indigestion of 3.3 and abdominal pain of 3.0, respectively. As a result of their symptoms, patients experienced problems with food and drink. The mean QOLRAD score (ranges from 1 to 7; the lower the value the more severe the impact on quality of life) of daily functioning was 4.4, impaired vitality 4.6, emotional distress 5.0 and sleep disturbance 5.1, respectively. This led to impaired overall HRQL across all domains (mean SF-36 score of this heartburn population compared to a general population in Germany). Using HAD, 25 % of patients were anxious and 8 % were depressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is consistent evidence that heartburn substantially impairs all aspects of health-related quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department I, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany. madisch@mk1.med.tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madisch
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kulich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malfertheiner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bayerdörffer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miehlke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labenz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Wiklund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000523:psychology; D006356:Heartburn / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires