title: Selection for imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens: cross-resistance patterns and possible mechanisms.
abstract: A field population of brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) was collected and selected for imidacloprid resistance in the laboratory. The resistance increased by 11.35 times in 25 generations and the resistance ratio reached 72.83 compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. The selected resistant strain showed obvious cross-resistance to all the acetylcholine receptor targeting insecticides tested (monosultap 1.44-fold, acetamiprid 1.61-fold, imidacloprid homologues JS599 2.46-fold and JS598 3.17-fold), but not to others. Further study demonstrated that TPP and DEM had no synergism on imidacloprid. However, PBO displayed significant synergism in some different strains, and the synergism increased with resistance (S strain 1.20, field population 1.43 and R strain 2.93). PBO synergism to cross-resistant insecticides was also found in the resistant strain (monosultap 1.25, acetamiprid 1.39, JS598 1.94 and JS599 2.02). We concluded that esterase and glutathione S-transferase play little role in imidacloprid detoxification. The increase of the P450-monooxygenases detoxification is an important mechanism for imidacloprid resistance and target resistance may also exist in this species.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zewen
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhaojun
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yinchang
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lingchun
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hongwei
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chengjun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010944:Plants
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid