title: Development and preliminary validation of a self-efficacy measure for use among parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a valid and reliable measure to assess parents' perceived ability to control, or manage, aspects of their children's juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Construction of the Parent's Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (PASE) was based on existing knowledge and the results of focus groups with parents of children with JIA, children with JIA, and health professionals. Data for validation of the PASE were collected by self-administered questionnaires completed by 178 parents and 89 children with JIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed a 2-factor structure for both mothers and fathers. These factors related to parents' self-efficacy for managing children's arthritis-related symptoms and psychosocial health. Taken together, the two factors explained 75.5% and 65.8% of the total variance (mothers' and fathers,' respectively). The PASE demonstrated high internal consistency, concurrent validity, and construct validity, particularly among mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary findings suggest that the PASE is worthy of further psychometric testing and may have the potential to help delineate variations in adjustment among parents of children with JIA.
authors.affiliation: Psychosocial Research Centre: Chronic Conditions and Disability, Child and Family Health Group, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*