title: Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: Cousin Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California-Los Angeles, Neuropsychiatric Institute, 90095-7076, USA. smotivala@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Sarosh J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Motivala
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obradovic
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Butch
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013695:Temperance
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin