title: Sigh: tool to determine the respiratory viscoelastic properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In mechanically ventilated patients a high fraction of the pressure can be dissipated to overcome the viscoelastic components of the respiratory system. Recently it was demonstrated that sigh improved oxygenation in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients. We evaluated if, in acute lung injury (ALI) patients, the sigh can be used to measure the respiratory viscoelastic properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive normal subjects undergoing general anaesthesia for minor abdominal surgery and ten ALI patients admitted to the ICU, were studied. Three sighs were administered every minute during the measurement period. The viscoelastic constants (E2, R2 and tau2) were determined by (i) a series of end-inflation airway occlusions (multiple breath method, MBM) and (ii) fitting the time course of the slow decay in pressure during end inspiratory pause of the sigh (sigh method, SM). The results were compared by means of the limits of agreement as modified for small sample sizes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viscoelastic parameters were similar to those obtained in other studies. In normal subjects the mean differences (+/- SEM) of tau2, R2, and E2 given by the SM and the MBM were 0 +/- 0.04 s, 0.37 +/- 0.20 cmH2O L(-1) s, and 0.21 +/- 0.26 cmH2O L(-1), respectively. The mean differences (+/- SEM) of tau2, R2, and E2 in ALI patients were 0.02 +/- 0.02 s, 0.45 +/- 0.31 cmH2O L(-1) s, 0.34 +/- 0.36 cmH2O L(-1), respectively. No lack of agreement could be detected between the two methods in all variables in normal subjects and ALI patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long inflation time characteristic of the sigh allowed the determination of the viscoelastic constants by means of a simpler and faster method. Moreover it does not require very small tidal volumes, which can increase reabsorption atelectasis in ALI patients and can improve alveolar recruitment and oxygenation in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica Respiratoria, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italia. v.antonaglia@libero.it
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Antonaglia
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peratoner
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Simoni
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lucangelo
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gullo
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Zin
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D014783:Viscosity