title: [Retrospectively experiencing the menopause in Germany and in Papua New Guinea: a comparative report].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to examine the experience of menopause in postmenopausal women from Germany and in postmenopausal women from Papua New Guinea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experience of menopause were assessed by formation of symptom groups (e. g. hot flushes, cardiac or sleeping trouble, depression, touchiness, drop in performance, vaginal dryness, painful joints or muscles), following the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Apart from the translated English version a questionaire in Pidgin English was offered. Questions about positive and negative experience of menopause and the acceptance of hormonal replacement therapy were included. Statistical analysis was performed both descriptively and for the group analyses the Chi-squared-test and the Mann Whitney's U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  40 postmenopausal German women and 41 postmenopausal women from Papua New Guinea were asked about their experience of menopause. The German women were 58.7 years old (range from 52 to 62) and had two children on average (range from 0 to 4). 87.7 % had experience of symptoms. In Papua New Guinea mean age was 55.2 years (range from 48 to 70), parity six (range from 2 to 12). 76.9 % had experience of symptoms. There were significant intercultural differences between the experience of depressive mood, general drop of performance, sexual experience and the vaginal dryness and we found no significant intercultural differences between the experiences of hot flushes, cardiac trouble, sleeping trouble, nervousness and urological symptoms. 50 % of the German women take hormonal replacement therapy and nobody of Papua New Guinea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experience of menopause as seen in the developed countries does not exist in the developing countries. The perception about illness and well-being are formed by culturally produced patterns.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck. Kowalcek@t-online.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalcek
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotte
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Painn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Müller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D010298:Parity; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires