title: The relationship of self-efficacy and depression to stuttering.
abstract: This study investigated the relationship of self-efficacy for verbal fluency, academic self-efficacy, and depression between adolescents who stutter and fluent speakers. Two separate discriminant function analyses were performed. The first analysis used the self-efficacy and depression scores as response variables and fluency classification as the grouping variable. Results indicated that self-efficacy for speech was the sole significant variable and accounted for 61% of the variance in group status. A second simplified discriminant function analysis was performed using speech self-efficacy as the sole predictor of group membership. This single discriminant function correctly classified 81% of the overall sample into their known groups. Further, classification for participants who did not stutter (95.2%) was better than for those who did stutter (67%). Based on this and earlier research, adolescents appear to be capable of using self-efficacy scaling as a measure of confidence for verbal fluency, which may eventually prove to be useful in treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Connecticut, U-2064, Storrs, CT 06269-2064, USA. mbray@uconn.edu
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kehle
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lawless
authors.forename: Lea A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Theodore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires