title: MAP kinase activation in cells exposed to a 60 Hz electromagnetic field.
abstract: This research provides evidence that mitogen-activated protein kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is activated in HL-60 human leukemia cells, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and rat fibroblast 3Y1 cells exposed to a 60 Hertz (Hz), 1 Gauss (G) electromagnetic field (EMF). The effects of EMF exposure were compared to those observed using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbal-13-acetate (TPA) treatment. The level of MAPK activation in cells exposed to EMF was approximately equivalent to that in cells treated with 0.1-0.5 ng/ml of TPA. A role for protein kinase C (PKC) in the process leading to MAPK activation in EMF exposed cells is also suggested by the results. MAPK activation is negated by an inhibitor to PKCalpha, but not PKCdelta inhibitors, in cells subjected to EMF exposure or TPA treatment. Thus, similarities between the effects of EMF exposure and TPA treatment are supported by this investigation. This provides a possible method for revealing other participants in EMF-cell interaction, since the TPA induction pathway is well documented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Gene Structure and Function, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate