Prediction of hematogenous recurrence in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of esophageal carcinoma, the future risk of hematogenous recurrence is still unpredictable. To identify risk factors of hematogenous recurrence in esophageal carcinoma, we used pathological and immunohistochemical analysis to examine relationships among clinical outcomes, clinicopathological features, and E-cadherin expression.


METHODS
Subjects were 102 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who had undergone curative esophagectomy without preoperative treatment. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship among clinical outcomes, clinicopathological features, and E-cadherin expression.


RESULTS
There was no significant relationship between E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological features at operation. However, the survival rates of patients with E-cadherin-negative tumors were significantly lower than those of patients with E-cadherin-weak and E-cadherin-positive tumors (P < 0.01). Disease recurrence had occurred in 49 (48.0%), with hematogenous recurrence in 29 (28.4%), of the 102 patients at the time of analysis. Metastasis occurred in liver in 14 patients, lung in 13, bone in 6, and brain in 2. Comparisons of hematogenous recurrences and clinicopathological features by multivariate regression analyses revealed significant associations between hematogenous recurrences; particularly in liver and lung metastasis and negative E-cadherin expression. With regard to the associations between the organ with the recurrence and the number of positive nodes; hematogenous recurrence, equal to or higher than lymphatic recurrence, was more likely to have occurred in patients with high numbers of positive nodes. Interestingly, with regard to the sites of positive nodes, liver metastasis was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis in the mid-thoracic as opposed to the abdominal region. Further, lung metastasis was most likely to occur in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis.


CONCLUSIONS
Esophageal carcinoma with negative E-cadherin expression tended to be associated with hematogenous recurrence, particularly with liver and lung metastasis. Hematogenous recurrences were significantly associated with high numbers and the site of positive nodes, as well as with lymphatic recurrence.
Kato
Hiroyuki
H
Department of Surgery I, Gunma University Faculty of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
Miyazaki
Tatsuya
T
Nakajima
Masanobu
M
Sohda
Makoto
M
Fukai
Yasuyuki
Y
Masuda
Norihiro
N
Fukuchi
Minoru
M
Manda
Ryokuhei
R
Tsukada
Katsuhiko
K
Kuwano
Hiroyuki
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
D015820:Cadherins