title: Toxicological detection of the new designer drug 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine and its metabolites in urine and differentiation from an intake of structurally related medicaments using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Studies are described on the toxicological analysis of the piperazine-derived designer drug 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MeOPP) in rat urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC-MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of MeOPP and its metabolites 1-(4-hydroxy phenyl)piperazine and 4-hydroxyaniline in rat urine after administration of a single dose corresponding to doses commonly taken by drug users. Therefore, this procedure should also be suitable for detection of a MeOPP intake in human urine. However, the metabolites of MeOPP are not unique and can be produced from other drugs. Therefore, differentiation of use of this designer drug from use of the medicaments dropropizine, oxypertine or others, which are metabolized to the MeOPP isomer 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine, is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany.
authors.forename: Roland F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Staack
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Maurer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000652:urine*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D015198:Designer Drugs; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010879:Piperazines; C490166:1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine