title: Clinicopathological significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in human pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) plays a key role in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia and the activation of several genes that have been implicated in tumour growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of HIF-1alpha expression in pancreatic carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated HIF-1alpha expression immunohistochemically in pancreatic carcinoma tissues and regional lymph node metastasis. In cases of pancreatic ductal carcinoma, the relationship between HIF-1alpha expression and various clinicopathological parameters including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and microvessel density, was also examined. Over-expression of HIF-1alpha was frequently (29 of 49 cases, 59.2%) detected in pancreatic carcinoma and regional lymph node metastasis (19 of 25 cases, 76.0%), whereas HIF-1alpha expression was almost absent in non-cancerous pancreatic tissues. HIF-1alpha expression was significantly associated with tumour size (P = 0.023) and advanced TNM stage (stage I/II versus stage III, P = 0.039; stage I/II versus stage IV, P = 0.027). Moreover, HIF-1alpha expression positively correlated with cellular proliferation (P = 0.024) and microvessel density/neo-angiogenesis (P = 0.038), but not with apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIF-1alpha may play a critical role in the progression of pancreatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakasa
mesh_terms: D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D018267:Carcinoma, Acinar Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D018282:Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D014157:Transcription Factors