title: Analysis of hospital charges for ischemic stroke in Fukuoka, Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke is a heavy economic burden on individuals, society, and health services in Japan, where health expenditures are rising rapidly. The objective of the present study was to examine medical services and demographic factors associated with increased inpatient charges for ischemic stroke in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects were 316 patients with a principal diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke who were discharged from the National Kyushu Medical Center Hospital from 1 July 1995 through 31 June 1999. Demographic, clinical, and administrative data were retrospectively collected from medical records and the hospital Clinical Financial Information System (CFIS). The influence of social and medical factors on total charges was analyzed using the stepwise multiple regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the total subjects, the mean (median) length of hospital stay (LOHS) was 33 (30) days (range, 2-155 days). The mean (median) hospital charge per patient was US dollars 9020 (dollars 7974) with a range of dollars 336-54,509. The distribution of charges was 42% for fundamental, 17% for injection therapies, 13% for radiological test, 11% for other laboratory examinations, 3% for drugs, and 3% for operations. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that LOHS was the key determinant of the hospital charge (partial R2=0.5993, P=0.0001). Operations (P=0.0001) and angiography (P=0.03) were also independent but less contributory determinants of the hospital charge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LOHS was strongly, positively associated with inpatient charges for ischemic stroke in Japan. This implies that significant charge reductions are more likely to rely on shortening LOHS, which probably can be achieved by altering reimbursement policies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. tufeng69@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anan
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nobutomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007350:Insurance, Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D007564:Japan; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D014600:Utilization Review