title: Effect of arsenic trioxide on cytokine expression by acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the expression of cytokines by acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells before and after exposure to arsenic trioxide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnoses were performed according to the FAB cytological classification criteria and cytogenetic criteria. Bone marrow or blood samples from APL patients were collected in heparinized tubes, then primary APL cells were separated by traditional Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation and purified after adherence to plastic surfaces. IL-1(beta), IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha and G-CSF levels in the leukemia cell culture supernatants were detected by ELISA. At the same time, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test was used to detect the differentiation of APL cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 96 hours exposure to arsenic trioxide, 10 - 6 mol/L in vitro or 10 mg/d in vivo, APL cells showed a significant increase of IL-1(beta) (P < 0.05) and G-CSF (P < 0.05) production, and a significant decrease of IL-6 (P < 0.05) and IL-8 (P < 0.05). However, there was no obvious variation of TNF alpha when compared with APL cells without exposure to arsenic trioxide. On the other hand, the proliferation ratio of APL cells in vitro was statistically correlated to the IL-1(beta) secretion ratio or G-CSF secretion ratio. The cell number ratio in patients with detectable IL-1(beta) or G-CSF was higher than that without detectable IL-1(beta) or G-CSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1(beta) and G-CSF secretion may play an important role in the proliferation of APL cells after exposure to arsenic trioxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hemato-oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250062, China. Jianggsh@sohu.com
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Kehong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haiquan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Fengqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Chuanfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Guiyue
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiulan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000378:metabolism*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010087:Oxides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide