title: Incorporation of gene-specific variability improves expression analysis using high-density DNA microarrays.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of data reproducibility is essential for application of microarray technology to exploration of biological pathways and disease states. Technical variability in data analysis largely depends on signal intensity. Within that context, the reproducibility of individual probe sets has not been hitherto addressed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used an extraordinarily large replicate data set derived from human placental trophoblast to analyze probe-specific contribution to variability of gene expression. We found that signal variability, in addition to being signal-intensity dependant, is probe set-specific. Importantly, we developed a novel method to quantify the contribution of this probe set-specific variability. Furthermore, we devised a formula that incorporates a priori-computed, replicate-based information on probe set- and intensity-specific variability in determination of expression changes even without technical replicates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strategy of incorporating probe set-specific variability is superior to analysis based on arbitrary fold-change thresholds. We recommend its incorporation to any computation of gene expression changes using high-density DNA microarrays. A Java application implementing our T-score is available at http://www.sadovsky.wustl.edu/tscore.html.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St, Louis, MO 63110, USA. vik.budhraja@mssm.edu <vik.budhraja@mssm.edu>
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Budhraja
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spitznagel
authors.forename: W Timothy
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Schaiff
authors.forename: Yoel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sadovsky
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008957:Models, Genetic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015347:RNA Probes; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D015347:RNA Probes