title: Multiple doses of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) did not alter cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 activity in normal volunteers.
abstract: Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is the most commonly used herbal preparation in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The objective of this study was to determine whether a characterized saw palmetto product affects the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 or 3A4 in healthy volunteers (6 men and 6 women). The probe substrates dextromethorphan (CYP2D6 activity) and alprazolam (CYP3A4 activity) were administered orally at baseline and again after exposure to saw palmetto (320-mg capsule once daily) for 14 days. Dextromethorphan metabolic ratios and alprazolam pharmacokinetics were determined at baseline and after saw palmetto treatment. The mean ratio of dextromethorphan to its metabolite was 0.038 +/- 0.044 at baseline and 0.048 +/- 0.080 after 14 days of saw palmetto administration (P =.704, not significant [NS]), indicating a lack of effect on CYP2D6 activity. The area under the plasma alprazolam concentration versus time curve was 476 +/- 178 h. ng. mL(-1) at baseline and 479 +/- 125 h. ng. mL(-1) after saw palmetto treatment (P =.923, NS), indicating a lack of effect on CYP3A4 activity. The elimination half-life of alprazolam was 11.4 +/- 3.1 hours at baseline and 11.6 +/- 2.7 hours after saw palmetto treatment (P =.770, NS), also indicating a lack of effect on CYP3A4 activity. Our results indicate that extracts of saw palmetto at generally recommended doses are unlikely to alter the disposition of coadministered medications primarily dependent on the CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 pathways for elimination. These conclusions must be weighed in the context of the study's limited assessments and regarded as only the initial investigation into the drug interaction potential of saw palmetto.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Institute of Psychiatry, RM 246 North, Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacogenetics, 67 President St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. markowij@musc.edu
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: C Lindsay
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Devane
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Jun-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Chavin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028024:Serenoa
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; C040972:saw palmetto extract; D000525:Alprazolam