title: Interaction between halofenozide and the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis marelatus for control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae.
abstract: Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman is a major pest of turf and ornamentals. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the potential interactions between a biological control agent, Heterorhabditis marelatus (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) IN strain and the insecticide halofenozide against both overwintered and nonoverwintered 3rd instars of Japanese beetle. Treatments consisted of all combinations of 2 rates of halofenozid with H. marelatus nematodes Imidacloprid was used as a standard. Percentage larval mortality was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment. No deleterious effects were observed. The nematode treatments generally produced significantly greater larval mortality relative to both chemical treatments. Twenty-one days after treatment, both rates of nematodes resulted in 100% mortality, whereas insecticide treatments did not surpass 60% mortality. No synergism was detected in any of the combination treatments. There were no significant differences in nematode reproduction in larvae exposed to halofenozide and nematodes versus larvae exposed to only nematodes.
authors.affiliation: Nursery Crops Research Station, Tennessee State University, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mannion
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gibb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000469:parasitology; D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011679:Pupa; D017172:Rhabditoidea / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; C437546:N-4-chlorobenzoyl-N'-benzoyl-N'-tert-butylhydrazine