title: Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor.
abstract: The biochemical properties of beclin 1 suggest a role in two fundamentally important cell biological pathways: autophagy and apoptosis. We show here that beclin 1-/- mutant mice die early in embryogenesis and beclin 1+/- mutant mice suffer from a high incidence of spontaneous tumors. These tumors continue to express wild-type beclin 1 mRNA and protein, establishing that beclin 1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene. Beclin 1-/- embryonic stem cells have a severely altered autophagic response, whereas their apoptotic response to serum withdrawal or UV light is normal. These results demonstrate that beclin 1 is a critical component of mammalian autophagy and establish a role for autophagy in tumor suppression. They both provide a biological explanation for recent evidence implicating beclin 1 in human cancer and suggest that mutations in other genes operating in this pathway may contribute to tumor formation through deregulation of autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Shengkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chingwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Arnold J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heintz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001343:Autophagy; D000071186:Beclin-1; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; C115010:Becn1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger