title: Flawed trial of micturition in cervical spinal cord injury patients: guidelines for trial of voiding in men with tetraplegia.
abstract: METHODS
  A retrospective study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To raise awareness of flawed trial of micturition (TOM) in male spinal cord injury (SCI) patients; and (2) to present guidelines for trial of voiding in male SCI patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trial of micturition in male SCI patients refers to discarding indwelling catheters and establishing them on balanced voiding with penile sheath drainage. We describe seven SCI patients, whose trial of micturition was flawed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients (C-6 and C-4 tetraplegia respectively) developed severe autonomic dysreflexia (headache, sweating, and increase in blood pressure) 2-3 h after removal of urethral catheter. A C-4 tetraplegic developed severe urinary infection after TOM. Four patients with tetraplegia started retaining increasing amounts of urine and developed urinary infections/autonomic dysreflexia/hydronephrosis 1-21 months after they were established on sheath drainage after TOM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During TOM, patients with cervical SCI could develop autonomic dysreflexia, urinary infection, or hold progressively increasing volumes of residual urine. TOM should be guided by videourodynamics. SCI patients need alpha-blockers, and anticholinergics if voiding pressures are >40-50 cm H(2)O. If high urethral resistances are found, sphincterotomy and/or bladder neck incision will help the patients to void by triggering. SCI patients, who had undergone successful TOM, require meticulous follow-up including urodynamics. Intermittent catheterisation without adequate medications based on cystometrogram may be hazardous, and may result in upper tract damage. Facilities for supplementary catheterisation (three to four times a day) should be available in the community if a patient is unable to maintain complete, low-pressure, emptying of bladder.
authors.affiliation: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, District General Hospital, Southport UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oo
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mansour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020211:Autonomic Dysreflexia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000592:standards*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary