title: Advance directives and emergency department patients: ownership rates and perceptions of use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advance directives (ADs) are rarely available in Australia to guide management but may become more important as our population ages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to determine patient knowledge, perception and ownership rates of ADs and the factors that impact upon these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of emergency department patients was undertaken. The main outcome measures were: (i) prior discussion about the extent of medical treatment and ADs, (ii) knowledge and perceptions of ADs, (iii) present AD ownership rates and (iv) likelihood of future AD ownership. Generalized linear models were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and three patients were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 73 years and 239 (59.3%) were male. Two hundred and forty patients (59.6%) had discussed the extent of treatment. Only 81 patients (20.1%) had discussed the use of an AD. One hundred and thirty-seven patients (34.0%) knew of one type of AD and 333 patients (82.6%) thought some ADs were a good idea. Only 32 patients (7.9%) owned an AD, although 276 (68.5%) would consider owning one. The main reason for never obtaining an AD was "always wanting full treatment" (93 patients, 23.1%). Level of education was the only characteristic that impacted significantly upon an outcome measure. Patients with a higher level of education were more likely to have known and spoken about ADs, to own an AD and to consider owning one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD knowledge and ownership rates were low. However, most patients perceive them favourably and many would consider owning one. Intervention strategies to improve AD awareness are indicated. This may empower patients to more effectively participate in their own advance care planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia. david.taylor@mh.org.au
authors.forename: D McD
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ugoni
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McNeil
mesh_terms: D016223:Advance Directives / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires