title: Prognostic value of microvessel density in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the prognostic value of microvessel density (MVD) has been studied in breast cancer, the results still remain controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin embedded sections of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were immunohistochemically stained for factor VIII- related antigen in 252 patients with a median follow-up duration of 7.0 years. MVD quantification of the three most vascular areas at a magnification of x 200 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 252 patients were stratified into high and low MVD groups according to a cut-off value that was the upper one-third MVD value of all patients. The patients with a high MVD had a significantly worse outcome in terms of both disease free survival (DFS) (p< 0.0001) and overall survival (OS) (p= 0.0012) compared with those with a low MVD. The same effects were seen in patients with lymph node negative as well as positive breast cancer. Multivariate analyses indicated the nodal status, nuclear grade and MVD (p= 0.0001) to be independent prognostic factors for the DFS, while the nodal status, estrogen receptor status, tumor size and MVD (p= 0.0006) were independent prognostic factors for the OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MVD was found to be an independent prognostic indicator of recurrence and death for breast cancer, and is therefore considered to be a useful factor for selecting high risk patients to receive adjuvant therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Beppu National Hospital, 1473 Oaza-Uchikamado, Beppu 874-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Masazumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Era
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence