title: Oxidative stress in kidney transplant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available about the role of oxidative stress in renal transplant patients. To evaluate the prevalence and severity of oxidative stress in renal transplantation, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 112 cadaver or living-donor kidney transplant recipients with a follow-up of at least 6 months and with plasma creatinine less than or equal to 2.5 mg/dL, complete blood count, serum vitamin B12, serum folate (s-F), reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiol groups (-SH), total antioxidant activity (TAOC), serum homocysteine (Hcy), and intraerythrocyte folate (ery-F) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean levels of Hcy (21.1 microM vs. <10 microM), ROS (302.7 U. Carr (Carratelli units) vs. 250-300 U. Carr), and TAOC (410.6 micromol/HclO/mL vs. >350 micromol/HclO/mL), were higher than the reference interval, whereas -SH groups, vitamin B12, s-F, and ery-F were within the normal range. In the multivariate model, plasma creatinine (P=0.0062), vitamin B12 (P=0.0121), and TAOC (P=0.0007) were independently associated with oxidative stress. At multiple regression analysis, -SH groups and ROS were directly and inversely related to hematocrit (P=0.0007 and P=0.0073). There was also a negative correlation between -SH groups and blood pressure levels (P=0.0095).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal transplant patients have a pattern of increased oxidant stress that is counterbalanced by an enhancement of the antioxidant mechanisms. Besides the well-known risk factors, the authors found that anemia is an independent risk factor for an increase of ROS. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether the correction of anemia might prevent or reduce the oxidative stress in renal transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: U. O. Nefrologia, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy. campise@policlinico.mi.it
authors.forename: Mariarosaria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campise
authors.forename: Fabrizia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bamonti
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Novembrino
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarantino
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cornelli
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lonati
authors.forename: Bruno M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cesana
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ponticelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006400:Hematocrit; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D003404:Creatinine