title: Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic relevance of the measurement of cardiac natriuretic peptides: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathophysiologic and clinical relevance of cardiac natriuretic hormone (CNH) assays has been investigated in numerous experimental and clinical studies. Authors have sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic relevance of the measurement of CNHs according to evidence-based laboratory medicine principles.
  
  
  METHODS
  In June 2003, we ran a computerized literature search on National Library of Medicine using keywords "ANP" and "BNP" and found more than 12 300 and 1200 articles, respectively. A more refined search with keywords "ANP or BNP assay" extracted approximately 7000 and 800 articles, respectively. Only studies specifically designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic relevance of CNH measurements were selected from this huge mass of articles to be discussed in this review.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several studies suggested that CNH assays may be clinically useful for the screening and classification of patients with heart failure, as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease, in the follow-up of patients with heart failure, and because they may reduce the need for further cardiac investigation. However, it is difficult to compare even the best-designed studies because not only did the authors evaluate different populations, they also used different gold standards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CNH assays and conventional diagnostic work-ups provide complementary information for evaluation of the presence and severity of cardiac dysfunction and clinical disease. Several aspects of CNH assays are still to be elucidated, and further work is needed to carefully assess their diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value in cardiac disease.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Pisa, Italy. clerico@ifc.cnr.it
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clerico
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emdin
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor