title: Outcome at adulthood of the continuous spike-waves during slow sleep and Landau-Kleffner syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, social, and/or professional and cognitive outcomes in adulthood of the continuous spike-waves during slow sleep (CSWS) and Landau-Kleffner syndromes, which are two rare epileptic syndromes occurring in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled seven young adults, five who had a CSWS syndrome, and two, a Landau-Kleffner syndrome in childhood. We evaluated their intellectual level as well as their oral and written language and executive functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study confirmed that the epilepsy associated with these syndromes has a good prognosis. Only one patient still had active epilepsy. However, the neuropsychological disorders particular to each syndrome persisted. Only two patients had followed a normal pathway in school. Three of the five patients with a CSWS syndrome during childhood remained globally and nonselectively mentally deficient. We found no evidence of the persistence of a dysexecutive syndrome in this study group. The intellectual functions of the two patients with Landau-Kleffner syndrome were normal; however, their everyday lives were disrupted by severe, disabling language disturbances. We discuss the role of some prognostic factors such as the location of the interictal electric focus and the age at onset of CSWS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These two epileptic syndromes of childhood are very similar in many respects, but their clinical outcomes in adulthood are different.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, University Hospital, Tours Neuropediatric Department, Bicetre Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. julien.praline@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Praline
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hommet
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barthez
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brault
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perrier
authors.forename: Grégoire Du
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Passage
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonnard
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Billard
authors.forename: Bertrand De
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Toffol
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Autret
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004519:Education, Special; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D018887:Landau-Kleffner Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation