title: Becoming a manual occupation? The construction of a therapy manual for use with language impaired children in mainstream primary schools.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The construction of therapy protocols for a large-scale randomized controlled trial comparing speech and language therapists and assistants, and group and individual therapy approaches for children aged 6-11 in mainstream schools is outlined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to outline the decision-making processes that led to the construction of the research therapy manual, and to give a preliminary report on compliance with the manual.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of the research and professional literature and of published therapy materials was conducted to locate usable examples of effective language therapy for primary school children. Results were collated into a manual of therapy principles and activities to structure research intervention. The use of the manual with children (n=30) receiving individual or group direct therapy from a speech and language therapist in the first phase of intervention was audited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very few high-level research studies were found, but the professional literature gave added information. Therapies for comprehension monitoring, vocabulary development, later grammar and narrative were adapted for the research intervention, and procedures compiled into a manual to guide research speech and language therapists and assistants. The audit of direct therapy suggested that the manual was useable, providing a suitable range of activities and materials for therapy intervention. Its use helped to record the therapy offered to research children, and formed a sound basis for discussion amongst speech and language therapists and between speech and language therapist/assistant pairs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The construction and use of a therapy manual allowed the provision of replicable therapy within the research project whilst maintaining flexibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.e.mccartney@strath.ac.uk
authors.forename: Elspeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCartney
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bannatyne
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jessiman
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Cherry
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Hare
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008370:Manuals as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods