title: GADD34 induces p53 phosphorylation and p21/WAF1 transcription.
abstract: Recently, others and we have shown that one of the functions of GADD34 is a recovery from a shutoff of protein synthesis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. GADD34 has been shown to induce growth arrest and apoptosis. Main protein of apoptosis is p53, especially phosphorylation of p53. And one of the main proteins of growth arrest is p21/WAF1. Here we analyzed the effects of GADD34 on p53 phosphorylation and p21/WAF1 transcription. Transfected Myc-tagged p53 was dose-dependently phosphorylated at Ser15 by increasing the amount of GADD34. Transfection of GADD34 also induced the endogenous phosphorylation of p53 and enhanced p21 protein expression. Transfection of GADD34 induced p21/WAF1 promoter activity. This activity was dependent on p53, because GADD34 transfection to p53-deficient cells produced only a slight increase of p21/WAF1 promoter activity. The p21/WAF1 promoter activity was greatly enhanced by the transfection of p53. Both GADD34 and p53 transfection induced much higher p21/WAF1 promoter activity. The promoter activity of p21/WAF1 was very low in GADD34 deficient MEF. The transfection of GADD34 increased the p21/WAF1 promoter activity in GADD34 deficient MEF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Gerontology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hengyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishikimi
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimokata
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isobe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C087519:PPP1R15A protein, human; C513256:Ppp1r15a protein, mouse; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1