title: Evidence for carotid and radial artery wall subclinical lesions in renal fibromuscular dysplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibromuscular dysplasia (FD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory arterial disease of unknown cause, and most frequently affects the renal and internal carotid arteries. Our objectives were to determine whether quantitative and qualitative lesions could be detected by high-resolution echotracking techniques at two arterial sites generally considered as free of echographic lesions: the common carotid and the radial arteries, and to compare their frequency with a control population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 70 patients with renal FD and 70 control subjects matched for age, sex and systolic blood pressure. Arterial parameters were determined using non-invasive high-resolution echotracking systems. Carotid B-mode scans and radiofrequency signals were analysed and quoted by three observers blinded to diagnosis. FD patients had thicker carotid (+12%, P < 0.001) and radial arteries (+10%, P < 0.05) than controls. Abnormal echographic patterns of the carotid artery, including supernumerary interfaces and/or interruption of the blood-intima acoustic interfaces, were frequently observed in FD patients and rarely in control subjects. These abnormalities were quantified with a phenotypic score ranging from 2 to 7, and their sensitivity and specificity were 73 and 81%, respectively, as markers of FD. Having a phenotypic score > 3 conferred an odds ratio of 12.9 (95% CI 5.7-29.3) of having renal FD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We defined a new carotid phenotype in FD patients using a non-invasive echotracking system, and showed an increased wall thickness and distensibility of the radial artery. These data indicate the presence of subclinical lesions at arterial sites distant from the renal arteries, suggesting that renal FD is not a focal but a systemic arterial disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and INSERM EMI-U 0107, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boutouyrie
authors.forename: Anne-Paule
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gimenez-Roqueplo
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laloux
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fiquet-Kempf
authors.forename: Pierre-François
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Plouin
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jeunemaitre
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005602:France; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents