title: The lethal phenotype observed after HIV-1 integrase expression in yeast cells is related to DNA repair and recombination events.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) catalyzes the insertion of the viral genome into the host cell DNA, an essential reaction during the retroviral cycle. We described previously that expression of HIV-1 IN in some yeast strains may lead to the emergence of a lethal phenotype which was not observed when the catalytically crucial residues D, D, (35)E were mutated. The lethal effect in yeast seems to be related to the mutagenic effect of the recombinant HIV-1 IN, most probably via the non-sequence-specific endonucleolytic activity carried by this enzyme. This non-sequence-specific endonuclease activity was further characterized. Although the enzyme was active on DNA substrates devoid of viral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences, the presence of LTR regions stimulated significantly this activity. Genetic experiments were designed to show that both the mutagenic effect and the level of recombination events were affected in cells expressing the active retroviral enzyme, while expression of the mutated inactive IN D116A has no significant effect. A close interaction was demonstrated between integrase activity and in vivo/in vitro recombination process, suggesting that retroviral integration and recombination mechanism are linked in the infected cell. Our results show that the yeast system is a powerful cellular model to study the non-sequence-specific endonucleolytic activity of IN. Its characterization is essential since this activity might represent a very important step in the retroviral infectious cycle and would provide further insights into the function of IN. Indeed, effectors of this activity should be sought as potential antiviral agents since stimulation of this enzymatic activity would induce the destruction of early synthesized proviral DNA.
authors.affiliation: UMR-5097 REGER, CNRS-Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, IFR 66 "Pathologies Infectieuses", 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 cedex Bordeaux, France. vincent.parissi@reger.u-bordeaux2.fr
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parissi
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caumont
authors.forename: Vaea Richard
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: de Soultrait
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desjobert
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calmels
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gourgue
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonneu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarrago-Litvak
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Litvak
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D004171:Diploidy; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D006238:Haploidy; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019427:HIV Integrase; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I