title: Tumescent local anesthesia for the surgical treatment of burns and postburn sequelae in pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumescent local anesthesia is a technique for regional anesthesia of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, using infiltration of large volumes of local anesthetic. The advantages of this technique are (1) simplicity, (2) prolonged postoperative analgesia, (3) low incidence of bleeding, and (4) anesthetization of a large area of the body. There are no reports on the use of tumescent local anesthesia in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 consecutive pediatric burn patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I or II who were 1-120 months old (34 +/- 31.6 months), after induction of anesthesia with nitrous oxide-oxygen-sevoflurane, infiltration with 0.05% (14 ml/kg) or 0.1% (7 ml/kg) lidocaine solution was performed. Anesthesia was maintained with patients spontaneously breathing with 1.5% sevoflurane in nitrous oxide-oxygen (50%). The maximum dose of lidocaine used was 7 mg/kg. Postoperative pain was assessed by using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (for patients aged up to 5 yr) and by using a visual analog scale (for patients older than 5 yr). A comparison with a historic control group not treated with the tumescent local anesthesia technique was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patients were excluded from the study, and no significant variations in the monitored intraoperative parameters were observed. Five patients had an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate at the beginning of surgery, and of these, two needed a temporary increase in sevoflurane concentration. After the initial incision, no response to painful stimulus was observed. No complications occurred. Six patients required postoperative acetaminophen administration, and 24 patients did not require analgesic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumescent local anesthesia with maximum dose of 7 mg/kg lidocaine seems to be safe and the sole possible effective locoregional anesthesia technique for the surgical treatment of noncontiguous pediatric burns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy. riaped@meyer.it
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bussolin
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Busoni
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crescioli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Messeri
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002056:Burns / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine