title: Effects of gadolinium and tetrodotoxin on the response of slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors to mechanical stimulation in frog dorsal skin.
abstract: To elucidate the excitatory mechanism of mechanoreceptors innervating the frog skin, we examined the effects of gadolinium (Gd3+) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the response of single-unit activity of slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors to mechanical stimulation topically applied to the receptive field (RF). Recordings were made from 46 fibers responding to mechanical stimulation with von Frey hairs, which caused an irregular firing pattern with slow adaptation. Application of a mechanically gated channel blocker, Gd3+ (30 microM), and a Na+ channel blocker, TTX (3 microM), caused the suppression of discharge rates, which was characterized by the conversion of a slowly adapting to a rapidly adapting discharge pattern. The administration of a high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channel blocker, Cd2+ (100 microm), inhibited the unit discharge and caused the conversion of a slowly adapting to a rapidly adapting discharge pattern. Tonic discharges evoked by anodal electrical stimulation were inhibited by the application of Gd3+ or TTX. Electron microscopic examination showed that the cytoplasm of Merkel cells seen in the RF contained numerous Merkel granules. These results suggest that the excitatory mechanism of frog cutaneous mechanoreceptors may be mediated by the activation of Gd(3+)-sensitive stretch-activated channels in the Merkel cell-neurite complex, which are related to the Na+ influx via voltage-gated Na+ channels and/or the Ca2+ influx through HVA Ca2+ channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. m-takeda@tokyo.ndu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aiyama
authors.forename: Shigeji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004566:Electrodes; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014701:Veratridine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D014701:Veratridine; D005682:Gadolinium