title: Localized cervical neuroblastoma: prevention of surgical complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study focused on cervical neuroblastoma (NB) was to assess the prognosis, define the most suitable methods of investigation, and evaluate risk factors for complications following primary surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 1999, we conducted two consecutive prospective multicentric studies (NBL90 and NBL94) on localized NB. Because the first study (1990-1994) found surgery-related morbidity and mortality, several surgical risk factors (i.e. adhesion to major vessels, size, friability, and dumb bell tumor) were defined and used prospectively as criteria of resectability in the second study (1994-1999).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 617 cases included in the two studies, 43 involved cervical NB including 17 cervicothoracic tumors. With a median follow-up of 4 years, overall survival and event-free survival rates were 91 and 81%, respectively with no significant difference between cervical or cervicothoracic NB. Seventeen patients were included in the second study; surgery was used as the first line treatment in 11. Full pre-operative work-up was performed in eight patients, demonstrating one or more risk factors in three. The remaining three patients underwent emergency surgery with no pre-operative work-up or only ultrasound: two developed serious complications. All three patients presenting documented risk factors developed post-operative complications versus only two of the eight patients who presented no risk factor (n = 5) or were inadequately evaluated (n = 3) (P = 0.06). None of the five patients in whom full work-up demonstrated no risk factor had post-operative complications (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical neuroblastoma has a favorable prognosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice but there is a risk of complications. Appropriate pre-operative work-up is mandatory to evaluate resectability. The surgical risk factors defined for our second study seem to be significant predictors of post-operative complications.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Department, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille 5, France. mirnahaddad@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Triglia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Helardot
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couanet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neuenschwander
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bourlière
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munzer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rubie
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guys
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate