title: [A new method for the evaluation of stone fragmentation after ESWL].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy of ESWL treatment can be evaluated by determining the number and size of urinary stone fragments. However, the available methods for classification of stone fragments are inaccurate. Therefore, a method for semi-automatic determination of fragment size and number after ESWL was developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Artificial struvite stones (BON[N]-STONES) were disintegrated with a lithotriptor (Siemens, Lithostar plus) by application of 50 and 200 shock waves at 19 kV. The stone fragments were collected and pre-sorted on cascade sieves. Pictures taken of the fractions were digitalized and the images optimized in edge sharpness, contrast, and colour depth using an image processing software. Finally, the pixel number of each fragment was determined and the real area was calculated. Fragment size and volume were then depicted by frequency of occurrence in a histogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fragments with a diameter ranging from 0.3 - 5 mm could be determined by the system described. About 2,000 - 3,600 fragments were generated in this size range from the artificial struvite stones. With low shock-wave application, a considerable number of fragments larger than 2 mm could be observed. By increasing the impact to 200, more than 90 % of the stone volume was found in fragments smaller than 2 mm (previously 50 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The system described enables a qualitative and quantitative description of stone fragmentation after ESWL not achieved thus far.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Abteilung, St. Vincenz Hospital, Datteln. d.heimbach@vincenz-datteln.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heimbach
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bongartz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hesse
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008096:Lithotripsy; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000069877:Struvite; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000069877:Struvite