title: Interleukin-18, interleukin-18 binding protein and impaired production of interferon-gamma in chronic renal failure.
abstract: Uremia is associated with suppressed cellular immune responses, manifested, in part, by impaired interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) production. We investigated the influence of kidney function on plasma levels of interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), the naturally occurring inhibitor of IL-18.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of IL-18, IL-18BP and IFNgamma were measured by specific immunoassays in patients with normal kidney function (NKF, n = 29), in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI, n = 29), and in patients on hemodialysis (HD, n = 40). In addition, Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced production of IFNgamma and IL-18 in whole blood cultures was determined in 12 patients on HD and compared to production in 9 controls with NKF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma IL-18 (mean +/- SEM) in NKF was 17.9 +/- 3.6 pg/ml, in CR142.6 +/- 7.0 pg/ml (p < 0.01), and in HD 93.5 +/- 13.6 pg/ml (p < 0.001). The level of IL-18BP in NKF was 3.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, in CRI 7.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml (p < 0.001), and in HD 13.1 +/- 0.8 ng/ml (p < 0.001). Plasma IL-18BP was inversely correlated with creatinine clearance (correlation coefficient: -0.7479). The level of free IL-18 was calculated in NKF to be 13.8 +/- 3.3 pg/ml, in CRI 23.6 +/- 3.9 pg/ml (not significant), and in HD 39.6 +/- 5.9 pg/ml (p < 0.001). Stimulated whole blood production of IFNgamma in NKF was 185 +/- 74 pg/10(6) mononuclear cells (PBMC), but suppressed in HD to 27.3 +/- 16 pg/10(6) PBMC (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In uremia, retention of IL-18BP does not suffice to neutralize most of the concomitantly raised levels of total IL-18 resulting in elevated levels of free IL-18. Nevertheless, IFNgamma production in whole blood is reduced in patients on HD. Therefore, suppression of IFNgamma production in uremia may be due to inhibitors of IFNgamma production other than IL-18BP.
authors.affiliation: Gemeinschaftspraxis Nephrologie/Dialyse, Langenhagen, Germany. GLonnemann@t-online.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lonnemann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Novick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020382:Interleukin-18; C118370:interleukin-18 binding protein; D007371:Interferon-gamma