title: Macular hole surgery with or without indocyanine green stained internal limiting membrane peeling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the anatomical and visual outcome in primary idiopathic macular hole surgery with or without indocyanine green (ICG) stained internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of the last 40 consecutive eyes receiving primary idiopathic macular hole surgery with gas as internal tamponade performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. All eyes had a follow-up period of at least 6 months. In the initial 22 consecutive eyes, no ILM peeling was performed (non-ILM peeling group). The subsequent 18 eyes underwent surgery with ICG-stained ILM peeling (ILM peeling group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary anatomical closure rates were 88.9% and 59.1% in the ILM peeling group and non-ILM peeling group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.038). Improvement in visual acuity was more marked in the ILM peeling group than in the non-ILM peeling group, with a mean improvement of 3.6 and 1.3 lines, respectively (two-tailed t-test, P = 0.036). There were significantly more cases with improvement of two or more lines of visual acuity after surgery, with 66.7% in the ILM peeling group and 31.8% non-ILM peeling group (Chi-square test P = 0.028). However, there was no significant difference in the final postoperative logMAR best-corrected visual acuity between the two groups (two-tailed t-test, P = 0.073).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this study, ICG-stained ILM peeling seems to improve the anatomical and visual outcome in primary idiopathic macular hole surgery. Further studies in this aspect are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. alvinkwok@hksh.com
authors.forename: Alvin K H
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Timothy Y Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Kenneth S C
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Barbara S M
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Victoria W Y
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C042852:perflutren; D007208:Indocyanine Green