title: Effect of music on chronic osteoarthritis pain in older people.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative disease in humans. It usually begins in middle age and is progressive. Chronic pain in older people presents a significant obstacle in maintaining function and independence. Previous studies have shown that music can improve motivation, elevate mood, and increase feelings of control in older people.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to examine the influence of music as a nursing intervention on osteoarthritis pain in elders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire with 66 elders suffering from chronic osteoarthritis pain. Differences in perceptions of pain were measured over 14 days in an experimental group who listened to music for 20 minutes daily and a control group who sat quietly for 20 minutes daily. All participants completed the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) on day 1, 7, and 14 of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of t-tests indicated that those who listened to music had less pain on both the Pain Rating Index on day 1 (P = 0.001), day 7 (P = 0.001) and day 14 (P = 0.001) and on the Visual Analogue Scale on day 1 (P = 0.001), day 7 (P = 0.001) and day 14 (P = 0.001), when compared with those who sat quietly and did not listen to music. A repeated measure analysis of variance controlling for pretest measures demonstrated a significant decrease in pain among experimental group participants when compared with the control group on the pain descriptor section of the SF-MPQ (P = 0.001) and the visual analogue portion of the SF-MPQ (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listening to music was an effective nursing intervention for the reduction of chronic osteoarthritis pain in the community-dwelling elders in this study.
authors.affiliation: Florida Atlantic University College of Nursing, Boca Raton, Florida 33434, USA. rmccaffr@fau.edu
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCaffrey
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome