title: Plasma adiponectin and endogenous glucose production in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High plasma adiponectin is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, probably a consequence of its insulin-sensitizing properties. In vivo data in rodents suggest that the insulin-sensitization responsible for improvement of glycemia occurs in muscle and liver. Whereas associations of plasma adiponectin with muscle insulin sensitivity in humans have been examined, this has not been done for the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore analyzed the relationship between fasting plasma adiponectin and basal endogenous glucose production [EGP]-basal) and insulin-suppressed EGP (EGP-insulin, isotope dilution technique) in 143 Pima Indians (94 with normal glucose tolerance, 36 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 16 with type 2 diabetes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with EGP-basal and EGP-insulin before (P = 0.006 and P < 0.0001, respectively) as well as after adjustment for age, sex, percent body fat, and insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose uptake (P = 0.007 and P = 0.0005, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that adiponectin increases hepatic insulin sensitivity. Consistent with data in animals, adiponectin may have generalized insulin-sensitizing effects in humans.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. norbert.stefan@med.uni-turbingen.de
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stefan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vozarova
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weyer
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Clifton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogardus
authors.forename: P Antonio
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tataranni
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001130:Arizona; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001824:Body Constitution; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins