Exogenous and intracellularly generated sphingosine 1-phosphate can regulate cellular processes by divergent pathways.
S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) is the ligand for a family of specific G-protein-coupled receptors that regulate a wide variety of important cellular functions, including vascular maturation, angiogenesis, cell growth, survival, cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell motility. However, S1P also may have intracellular functions. In this review, we discuss two examples that clearly indicate that intracellularly generated and exogenous S1P can regulate biological processes by divergent pathways.
Spiegel
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Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, U.S.A. sspiegel@vcu.edu
Milstien
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D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000502:physiology; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
D008246:Lysophospholipids; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001708:Biopterins; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; C003402:sapropterin; D013110:Sphingosine