title: Small adrenal glands in cats with feline interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We documented the uncoupling of sympathetic nervous system activity from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in cats with feline interstitial cystitis (FIC). Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity was recently suggested in some humans with interstitial cystitis (IC) but to our knowledge no information exists on adrenal gland size and histopathology in this disease. To investigate further adrenal function in cats with FIC we determined cortisol responses to 125 microg synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) as well as adrenal size and histology.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACTH stimulation studies were performed in 11 healthy cats and 20 with FIC. Adrenal glands obtained at autopsy in 8 healthy cats and 13 with FIC were weighed, measured and examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cats with FIC had significantly decreased responses to ACTH (2-way repeated measures ANOVA p <0.05). Mean weight +/- SD (58 +/- 50 vs 241 +/- 60 mg) and volume (264 +/- 72 vs 410 +/- 115 mm3) of adrenal glands were significantly smaller in cats with FIC than in healthy cats (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cats with FIC may have mild primary adrenal insufficiency. Decreased adrenal size has been observed in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, which can be a co-morbid condition in some patients with IC. If these abnormalities are confirmed in humans with IC, hormone replacement therapy may be indicated in select patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1089, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Westropp
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Welk
authors.forename: C A Tony
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buffington
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D002415:Cats; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone