title: Computer-assisted distal radius osteotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the accuracy, precision, and clinical feasibility of a novel technique of computer-assisted distal radius osteotomy for the correction of symptomatic distal radius malunion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients underwent a computer-assisted distal radius osteotomy and were followed-up for an average of 25 months. Objective radiographic measurements and functional outcomes, as measured by clinical examination including grip strength and range of motion, and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaires, were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean radiographic parameters included an increase of radial inclination to 21 degrees from 12 degrees (normal, 23 degrees ). Dorsal and volar tilt (malunion) were corrected to 9 degrees from -30 degrees and 21 degrees, respectively (normal, 10 degrees ). Ulnar variance was corrected to 1.9 mm from 7.5 mm (normal, +1.5 mm). Normal is defined as the average of the contralateral limb radiographs. The mean clinical outcome measures at an average of 25 months included a DASH global score of 14, a DASH individual item average score of 1.6, and an average affected side grip strength of 79% when compared with the unaffected side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the computer-assisted technique were comparable with published results of traditional non-computer-assisted opening wedge osteotomy techniques. This technique allows a surgeon to accurately and precisely recognize and correct 3-dimensional deformities of the distal radius including axial malalignment (supination). The technique has the added benefit of reducing radiation exposure to the patient and surgical team because fluoroscopy is not used during the procedure. Additional benefits of the computer-assisted technique include the ability to perform multiple surgical simulations to optimize the alignment plan, and it serves as an excellent teaching tool for less-experienced surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the School of Computing, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Athwal
authors.forename: Randy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Carolyn F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pichora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011403:Pronation; D011859:Radiography; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013484:Supination; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted