title: Fenfluramine challenge, self-injurious behavior, and aggression in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Self-injurious behavior (SIB) and aggression have been linked to reduced serotonergic (5-HT) functioning in both humans and nonhuman primates. The present study examined serum prolactin and cortisol responses to the 5-HT releasing agent D,L-fenfluramine (FEN) in 24 individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), 15 of which carried a veterinary record of self-wounding (SW). Subjects received two doses of FEN, 4 and 2 mg/kg, separated by an interval of at least 2 months. For control purposes, monkeys were given an intramuscular saline injection 1 week prior to each FEN challenge. The relationship between the hormonal responses to FEN, wounding history, the rates of self-directed biting and aggression were determined for each animal based on 100 five-minute observations conducted over a period of 12 months surrounding the challenge procedures. Prolactin and cortisol responses to FEN were unrelated either to wounding history or to rates of self-directed biting. However, there were significant inverse correlations between levels of aggression and the prolactin response to both doses of FEN. The present findings provide no evidence for reduced 5-HT system function in rhesus monkeys with SIB under the present challenge conditions. However, the results are consistent with a previously reported inverse relationship between serotonergic activity and aggression. Moreover, a dose-dependent response to FEN was observed only for prolactin, suggesting that this variable is more appropriate than cortisol as an endpoint for FEN challenge in monkeys.
authors.affiliation: New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA. stefan_tiefenbacher@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiefenbacher
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Melinda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Amber L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pouliot
authors.forename: Jerrold S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005277:Fenfluramine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D011388:Prolactin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors