title: Effects of maternal age and education on the pattern of prenatal testing: implications for the use of antenatal screening as a solution to the growing number of amniocenteses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess age-specific effects of maternal education on patterns of prenatal testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from a sample of all births in France in 1998. Statistical analysis included logistic regression and likelihood ratio tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of amniocentesis of women without serum screening was 7.3% for those with 12 years or less, and 16.7% for those with more than 12 years of education. Women with lower levels of education were about 50% more likely to have an amniocentesis if they had serum screening (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8). In contrast, women with higher levels of education were less likely to have an amniocentesis with screening (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.8); the education effect persisted across maternal age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many women eligible for reimbursed serum screening, in particular those with higher levels of education, obtain amniocentesis without serum screening. This might limit the use of antenatal screening as a solution to the growing number of amniocenteses.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal and Women's Health, INSERM U149, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France. khoshnood@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khoshnood
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blondel
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Vigan
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bréart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006300:Health Services Misuse; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*