title: Antifungal clerodane diterpenes from Macaranga monandra (L) Muell. et Arg. (Euphorbiaceae).
abstract: Hexane and ethyl acetate phases of the methanol extract of Macaranga monandra showed fungal growth inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Phomopsis obscurans, and P. viticola. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two active clerodane-type diterpenes that were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1D-, 2D-NMR, and MS) as kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid. A 96-well microbioassay revealed that kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid produced moderate growth inhibition in Phomopsis viticola and Botrytis cinerea.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bedir
authors.forename: Ngeh J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Toyang
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M Dewayne
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Harries
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wedge
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000187:drug effects; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate