title: Sphingosine-1-phosphate markedly induces matrix metalloproteinase and integrin-dependent human endothelial cell invasion and lumen formation in three-dimensional collagen and fibrin matrices.
abstract: Endothelial cell invasion is a key step in angiogenic blood vessel formation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been previously reported to play a role in endothelial cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. Here, we examine the ability of S1P to regulate human endothelial cell invasion into three-dimensional collagen or fibrin matrices. We show that S1P potently stimulated human endothelial cell invasion, lumen formation, and branching morphogenesis in collagen, and fibrin matrices, (5- and 15-fold increases in invasion were observed, respectively). The S1P-induced invasion response was pertussis-toxin sensitive and completely dependent on integrins. Addition of integrin blocking reagents revealed that the alpha2beta1 integrin regulated invasion in collagen matrices, while a combination of alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins regulated invasion in fibrin. Additionally, the S1P-induced invasion response was dependent on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) was the only physiologic inhibitor of metalloproteinases that completely inhibited the potent stimulation of invasion induced by S1P. In contrast, TIMP-1 had no blocking effect on invasion or morphogenesis, while TIMP-2 and TIMP-4 partially reduced invasion but completely blocked lumen formation events. Collectively, these data reveal a marked ability of S1P to induce metalloproteinase- and integrin-dependent human endothelial cell invasion and morphogenesis in both collagen and fibrin three-dimensional matrices, the two most physiologically relevant matrices for angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
authors.forename: Kayla J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bayless
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005337:Fibrin / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D005337:Fibrin; D003094:Collagen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D013110:Sphingosine