title: Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate pediatric foreign body cases in the aerodigestive tract, and to elucidate the characteristic problems in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 310 pediatric patients (age 15 or below), gathered from two medical university hospitals (University of Tokyo and Jichi Medical School), were included in this study. Data were collected by retrospective chart review and were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-year-olds were the most common patients, and the range from age 1 to age 4 included 67.7% of all the patients. The most involved sites were the nose (39.4%) and the pharynx (38.4%), followed by the esophagus (12.9%) and the trachea-bronchi (6.5%). Fish bones and toys were the representative foreign bodies (30.7 and 13.6%, respectively). Other foreign bodies often encountered included coins, food, candy, peanuts and nuts, and batteries. The type of foreign body was closely related to the site in which foreign bodies were lodged: 77.3% of foreign bodies in the pharynx were fish bones, and toys were the most common impacted foreign body in the nose. In the esophagus, representative impacted foreign bodies were coins (35.7%), but disk-type battery ingestion has been increasing in recent years. Although most foreign bodies in the esophagus were safely removed, one case of a disk-type battery had a serious sequela. In the trachea-bronchi, peanuts, food, cotton, and coins were impacted. A rigid bronchoscope was basically used to remove foreign bodies, but in some cases, a fine flexible endoscope, with a channel for fiber forceps, was useful, because it could be inserted into narrow bronchi. Advance of a flexible endoscope will make it an excellent tool for diagnosis and management of the trachea-bronchial foreign body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fish bones in the pharynx, which were closely related to Japanese eating habits, and toys in the nose, were the typical foreign bodies encountered in this study. In the esophagus, an increased incidence of disk-type battery ingestion has become a serious problem in recent years. Since prevention is the most essential way to manage foreign body cases, feedback from studies to public education should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 3-1, Hongo 7-chome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan. rhigo-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryuzaburo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Higo
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: Kimitaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001980:Bronchi; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose; D010614:Pharynx; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014132:Trachea