title: Individual self-administration of nicotine by rats.
abstract: Self-administration (SA) of nicotine (N) was studied in 20 male and 19 female N:NIH rats using the two-bottle method. The experimental protocol consisted of seven consecutive periods each lasting 6 days: Period (P)1, choice of water (W) and 0.003% N; P2, choice of W and 0.006% N; P3, choice of W and 0.012% N; P4, W only; P5, choice of W and 0.006% N; P6, 0.006% N only; and P7, choice of W and 0.006% N. Group means showed that males and female rats consumed similar amounts of N during Ps 1-3. After an N-free period (P4), a small decline was observed in the subsequent voluntary intake of N (P5). Forced N (P6) exposure did not affect a subsequent N intake (P7) in males but increased it slightly in females. A survey of individual animals, however, showed that the voluntary N consumption varied greatly among animals, but was quite consistent for a particular rat. Values ranged from 0.43 to 7.59 for males and from 0.35 to 4.69 mg/kg/day for females for Ps 1-3. The N-free (P4) and the forced-N (P6) periods each affected a subsequent voluntary N intake (P5, P7) of the rats very differently, but again consistently, in that some rats decreased, some increased and some did not change their N choice. The results indicate that group means can be misleading in their conclusions and strongly support the assumption that the response of an individual animal to N, and not N per se, is the determining force of its SA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. WUVOGEL@aol.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadmarz
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012646:Self Administration; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine