title: Exaggerated perception of normal physiological responses to stress and hypercapnia in young women with numerous functional somatic symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested whether functional somatic symptoms are associated with exaggerated increases in self-reported anxiety and somatic complaints in response to stress and CO(2)-enriched air breathing, and whether this association exists in parallel to or in the absence of exaggerated physiological responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 499 young somatically healthy undergraduate women, 18 participants high in functional somatic symptoms (HSS group) and 18 participants low in symptoms (LSS) were selected. They were submitted to mental stress, mild physical exercise and relaxation during conditions of normal breathing, breathing compressed normal air, and breathing compressed 5% CO(2)-enriched air. In all conditions, self-reported anxiety and somatic symptoms and respiratory and autonomic responses were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSS participants reported, as compared to LSS, more tenseness, anxiety, and somatic symptoms at baseline and increased responses to mental stress and during 5% CO(2) breathing, but not in response to exercise. However, no evidence was found for a corresponding exaggerated respiratory or autonomic response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A young, female, and nonclinical population with numerous functional somatic symptoms and high levels of anxiety is characterized by an exaggerated perception of a normal physiological response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Postbus 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.houtveen@fss.uu.nl
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Houtveen
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rietveld
authors.forename: Eco J C
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: de Geus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012016:Reference Values; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology