title: Is the methodological quality of guidelines declining in the US? Comparison of the quality of US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) guidelines with those published subsequently.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether North American guidelines published subsequent to and in the same topic areas as those developed by the US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) meet the same methodological criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A guideline appraisal instrument containing 30 criteria was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the AHCPR guidelines, "updates" of the AHCPR guidelines authored by others, and guidelines that referenced or were adapted from the AHCPR guidelines. The frequency with which the criteria appeared in each guideline was compared and an analysis was performed to determine guidelines with two key features of the ACHPR guidelines-multidisciplinary guideline development panels and systematic reviews of the literature. Data were extracted from the guidelines by one investigator and then checked for accuracy by the other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty two guidelines identified by broad based searches were evaluated. 50% of the criteria were present in every AHCPR guideline. The AHCPR guidelines scored 80% or more on 24 of the 30 criteria compared with 14 for the "updates" and 11 for those that referenced/adapted the AHCPR guidelines. All of the 17 AHCPR guidelines had both multidisciplinary development panels and systematic reviews of the literature compared with five from the other two categories (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  North American guidelines developed subsequent to and in the same topic areas as the AHCPR guidelines are of substantially worse methodological quality and ignore key features important to guideline development. This finding contrasts with previously published conclusions that guideline methodological quality is improving over time.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center, RAND Health, Santa Monica, California, USA. rena@rand.org
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasenfeld
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Shekelle
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D016270:United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality / Q000592:standards*