title: Expression patterns of the RGS9-1 anchoring protein R9AP in the chicken and mouse suggest multiple roles in the nervous system.
abstract: In retinal photoreceptors, the duration of G protein signalling is tightly regulated by the GTPase-activating protein RGS9-1. RGS9-1 is anchored to the disk membranes of photoreceptor outer segments by association with the membrane-spanning protein R9AP. Here we report the cloning of chicken R9AP from an inner ear cDNA library and the isolation of a murine R9AP cDNA from a retinal library. In the chicken, R9AP appears to be expressed in a variety of neuronal tissues, particularly in sensory cells including inner ear hair cells, photoreceptors, and dorsal root ganglion neurons. In the mouse, R9AP is detectable predominantly in photoreceptors, but it is also weakly expressed in other areas of the central nervous system. The expression of R9AP beyond photoreceptors led us to examine potential alternative roles for R9AP besides anchoring RGS9-1 and we found sequence homology and structural similarity of the protein with members of the SNARE protein family. Expression of chicken and mouse R9AP interfered with intracellular trafficking of an indicator protein in an in vitro assay, suggesting a more active role of the protein, possibly in targeting. GTPase-activating proteins to specific membranous compartments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keresztes
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mutai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hibino
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hudspeth
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020710:RGS Proteins; C464657:RGS9BP protein, human; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C116925:regulator of g-protein signaling 9