title: Anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in acute coronary syndromes: behavior of interleukin-10 in association with serum metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) downregulates the production of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and upregulates the production of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). The aim of this study was to assess the levels of IL-10 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina (UA), as well as to investigate the relationship of circulating IL-10 with the levels of MMPs (MMP-1, -2, -9), their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) and serum lipids in the same patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum MMP-1, -2, -9, TIMP-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-10 were measured by ELISA assays in 23 patients with AMI and 20 patients with UA after their hospital admission, as well as in 16 healthy controls subjects. The lipid profile was assessed by measuring the serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMI patients exhibited significantly higher serum levels of IL-10 as compared with those of UA patients and healthy controls (both P=0.005). In contrast, there was no significant difference in IL-10 levels between UA patients and healthy controls. In AMI patients there was a statistically significant positive correlation of serum IL-10 with the levels of MMP-9 (rho=0.588, P=0.003), IL-6 (rho=0.502, P=0.015) and HDL-cholesterol (rho=0.697, P<0.001), as well as a significant negative correlation with the levels of triglycerides (rho=-0.417, P=0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that UA is associated with low serum activity of IL-10, while a significant elevation of this anti-inflammatory cytokine accompanies the peripheral immune responses of AMI. This observation indicates that different patterns of inflammatory reactions are implicated in the pathophysiology of two clinical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Thrace, Leoforos Dimokratias 116, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece. dtziakas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Dimitrios N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tziakas
authors.forename: Georgios K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Chalikias
authors.forename: Helen I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Hatzinikolaou
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parissis
authors.forename: Elias D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Grigorios A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Trypsianis
authors.forename: Evropi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: Ioannis K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Tentes
authors.forename: Spilios M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.forename: Dimitrios I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Hatseras
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008055:Lipids; D016753:Interleukin-10; D045726:Metalloproteases