title: Incidence and survival rate of bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with cardiac etiology in Osaka, Japan: a population-based study according to the Utstein style.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the incidence and survival rate of bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) with cardiac etiology in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, with a population of nearly 9 million according to the Utstein style.
  
  
  METHODS
  5047 consecutive OHCA cases were treated by ambulance personnel during the 12-month period starting since 1 May 1998. 974 cases were considered to be bystander-witnessed OHCA with cardiac etiology and analyzed using the Utstein style.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 974 cases (100%), 50 cases (5.1%) survived after 1 month and 28 (2.9%) of them after 1 year. The Ventricular fibrillation (VF)/ventricular tachycardia (VT) group comprised 164 (16.8%) cases and there were statistically differences between the two groups as below (the VF/VT group vs. the non-VF/VT group): gender (male: 76.8 vs. 60.7%), age (61.7+/-14.7 vs. 68.7+/-17.1), history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (30.5 vs. 15.3%), performance rate of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (34.1 vs. 21.4%) and time interval between receipt of an emergency call and arrival at the scene (5.5+/-2.9 vs. 6.0+/-2.9 min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of bystander-witnessed (OHCA) with cardiac etiology and VF or VT were remarkably low compared with those reported by other studies conducted in some areas of Europe or the USA.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Senshu Critical Care Medical Center, 2-24 Rinku-Orai Kita, Izumisano city, Osaka 598-0048, Japan. nishiuchi@sccmc.izumisano.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiuchi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiraide
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uejima
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yukioka
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shigemoto
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsusaka
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwami
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinya
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yokota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy