title: Improvement of rheological properties of firm acid gels by skim milk heating is conserved after stirring.
abstract: The enhancement of the strength of set acid gels by heating milk was related to rheological parameters (water retention capacity, storage modulus) of corresponding stirred gels. To obtain accurate rheological data from stirred gel it was necessary to maintain a constant granulometry of gel particles and to recognize time after stirring as a contributing factor. Two hours after stirring, the gel exhibited a higher storage modulus when milk was heated above 80 degrees C. A measurement of viscosity of just-stirred yoghurt was sufficient to predict correctly the quality of a stirred gel analysed by viscoelastic measurements. Increased resistance to syneresis of just-stirred gels was related to higher viscosity. The quantity of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Ig) bound to casein micelles explains the improvement of these gel qualities. We have considered that the structure of the initial firm gel (mesostructure level) was conserved in fragments within the stirred gel. Consequently, the explanation given by various authors for the effect of heating milk on the properties of set gels can also be applied to stirred gels. The same mechanism, described in literature for structure formation of set gels from acidified milk is purposed to explain the role of heating milk on the recovery of gel structure after stirring. The beta-Ig association with casein micelles during heating favoured micelle connections during the acidification. It also favoured the association of gel fragments after stirring during the recovery in gel structure.
authors.affiliation: Ecole nationale supérieure de biologie appliquée à la nutrition et à l'alimentation, Département d'ingénierie moléculaire et sensorielle de l'aliment, 1 esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France. cayot@u-bourgogne.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cayot
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fairise
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Colas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorient
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brulé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005782:Gels / Q000592:standards*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008823:Micelles; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012212:Rheology; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008823:Micelles