title: Influences of variation in force application on tibial displacement and strain in the anterior cruciate ligament during the Lachman test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Lachman test performance technique on tibial displacement and strain in the anterior cruciate ligament.
  
  
  METHODS
  Model simulation of experimental Lachman test performance by trained clinicians.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Differences in clinician hand placement during Lachman test performance have been observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-dimensional computer sagittal plane model of the knee was designed to simulate experimentally observed Lachman test performance, and determine anterior cruciate ligament strain and tibial translation that occurred during variation in clinician hand placement and force magnitude.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior cruciate ligament strain and tibial translation were greater under conditions mimicking clinician hand placement utilizing a more proximal force application on the tibia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tibial translation and strain behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament during the Lachman test appear to be influenced by clinician hand position used in the application of force to the tibia.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science and Sport Studies Department, SUNY Cortland, P.O. Box 2000, Studio West, Cortland, NY 13045-0900, USA. hurleyw@em.cortland.edu
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Rhonda L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Boros
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Challis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010808:Physical Examination; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology*