title: Radioisotope for occult lesion localisation (ROLL) of the breast does not require extra radiation protection procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dosimetry data from patients and hospital personnel involved in the use of radioisotope for occult lesion localisation (ROLL) of the breast were collected to determine the need for extra radiation protection procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients have been enrolled to date into a randomised trial evaluating ROLL. Two megabecquerels of (99m)Tc- MAA in a syringe was mixed with X-ray contrast medium; this was injected directly into the lesion under image guidance. A gamma-detecting probe (Neo-Probe) was used to locate the area of radioactivity. Radiation doses to all staff groups were estimated using time and motion studies and dose rate measurements at a range of distances during each stage of ROLL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The finger dose [FD](+/-95% CI) was considered to be the critical variable for surgeons and radiologists. Surgeon FD=9.3+/-3.3 microSv, Radiologist FD=0.5+/-0.13 microSv. Whole body doses [WBD](+/-95% CI) were estimated for other staff groups. Nurse WBD=0.4+/-0.4 microSv, porter WBD: nil, contamination and waste: nil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the case of a surgeon performing 100 procedures per annum, a FD dose of approximately 1 mSv is received, well within the annual dose limit of 150 mSv. Annual WBD to assisting staff may reach 0.04 mSv, compared to an annual limit of 6 mSv. These low doses and the lack of contamination of radioactive waste indicate that no additional radiation protection measures are required.
authors.affiliation: Professorial Unit of Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. mszrsr@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rampaul
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: A R M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Macmillan
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011868:Radioisotopes; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D011874:Radiometry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes