title: The effect of topical administration of atropine sulfate on the normal equine pupil: influence of age, breed and gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, breed and gender on vertical pupil diameter (VPD) following a single dose of 1% atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution in the normal equine eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two horses of various ages, breeds and genders were included. The horses had no history or clinical signs of ophthalmic disease. All horses studied had darkly pigmented irides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two milligrams of 1% atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution was topically administered as a single dose in the right eye of each horse on Day 0. The VPD (mm) was measured in both eyes using digital calipers prior to treatment and every 24 h after administration for 2 weeks (Days 1-14). Duration of effect on VPD was then calculated for treated and untreated eyes. Data were also analyzed for effect of age, breed and gender on mean VPD, maximum VPD and time to maximum VPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VPD in the treated eye was significantly elevated compared to baseline measurements and compared to the untreated eye at all time points. Arabians had a greater mean VPD at Day 0 and on several days following treatment. Females had greater mean VPD compared to males on 5 out of 15 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duration of mydriasis after administration of 1% atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution in the normal equine eye is greater than 14 days. Horses of the Arabian breed and female horses may be more sensitive to effects of cholinergic blockade in the eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brazik
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gilger
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010375:Pedigree; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D001285:Atropine