title: Cannabinoids modulate ultrasound-induced aversive responses in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanisms and brain substrates mediating cannabinoid-induced modulation of behaviour towards aversive stimuli are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of systemic and intra-dorsal periaqueductal grey (PAG) administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist HU210 on behaviour and plasma corticosterone levels in rats exposed to ultrasound and determine the contribution of CB(1) receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, rats received vehicle or CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716A (3 mg/kg, IP) 30 min prior to a second injection of vehicle or HU210 (5, 20 or 80 microg/kg, IP). In experiment 2, rats received intra-dorsal PAG vehicle or SR141716A (30 microg/rat) 10 min prior to intra-dorsal PAG vehicle or HU210 (5 microg/rat). Following injections, rats were exposed to an aversive 20 kHz ultrasonic tone for 3 min. Behaviour, including hyperlocomotor activity and freezing, was monitored during and post-ultrasound. Plasma corticosterone levels 10 min post-ultrasound were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasound induced explosive running and freezing behaviour. Systemic administration of HU210 attenuated the expression of ultrasound-induced hyperlocomotor activity and increased freezing. The HU210-induced attenuation of hyperlocomotor activity was blocked by SR141716A. Intra-PAG administration of HU210 reduced the expression of ultrasound-induced hyperlocomotor activity, an effect not blocked by SR141716A. Systemic and intra-PAG administration of HU210 increased plasma corticosterone levels, an effect not blocked by SR141716A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cannabinoid receptor agonist HU210 modulates behaviour towards an aversive ultrasound stimulus in rats, an effect accompanied by increased HPA axis activity. These effects may be mediated, at least in part, by the dorsal PAG but cannot be explained solely by an action at CB(1) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, UK. David.Finn@Nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Maulik D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jhaveri
authors.forename: Simon R G
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Beckett
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marsden
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010200:Panic / Q000187:drug effects*; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077285:Rimonabant; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D013759:Dronabinol; C062018:HU 211; D000077285:Rimonabant; D003345:Corticosterone