title: Effect of the establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the establishment of dominance relationships and social stress on plasma cortisol and metabolite levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 30-day experiment, the fish weighing 236   29 g were kept in individual aquaria, except for two pairings lasting 6 h each. Blood samples were taken from the animals before and after pairing. Display, approach, attack, rebuff, chase flight, and coloration were carried out on days 16 and 30. Activities and behaviors characteristic of the establishment of dominance relationships were described. It was possible to classify all experimental fish (N = 30) as dominant or subordinate. No differences were detected between dominant (N = 15) and subordinate (N = 15) fish during isolation or after pairing in cortisol (isolated: 5.76   0.98 vs 5.42   0.63; paired: 10.94   1.62 vs 11.21   2.45  g/dl), glucose (isolated: 60.02   4.9 vs 67.85   16.16; paired: 110.44   15.72 vs 136.26   22.46 mg/dl), triglyceride (isolated: 167.87   5.06 vs 185.68   7.24; paired: 210.85   13.40 vs 221.82   12.70 mg/dl) or total protein levels (isolated: 7.01   0.42 vs 6.69   0.59; paired: 9.21   0.62 vs 9.51   0.66 g/dl). However, when isolated (N = 30) and paired (N = 30) tilapia were compared, there were significant differences in cortisol and metabolite levels. The similar response presented by dominant and subordinate tilapia indicates that establishment of dominance relationships was a stressor for both groups.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil. sandro_a_c@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Negrão
mesh_terms: D000378:Agonistic Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D023681:Cichlids / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000097:blood; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012930:Social Dominance; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D029941:Fish Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D006854:Hydrocortisone