title: [Microsurgical vascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Follow-up over one year, clinical results and prognostic factors. Study of a series of 100 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The results of a series of 100 patients operated on for hemifacial spasm (HFS), using microsurgical vascular decompression (MVD), are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  MVD was performed through a retromastoid keyhole approach, under monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and facial EMG, and consisted in dissection of VII nerve from conflicting vessel(s), and interposition of Teflon fibers and/or screen(s).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The offending vessels found were: the antero-inferior cerebellar artery in 57 cases, the postero-inferior cerebellar artery in 56 cases, the vertebrobasilar artery in 22 cases. A multiple conflict was found in 32 cases (32%). The result was considered excellent if there was no residual spasm, good if only "minimal twitching" remained with relief>80%, poor for spasm relief 20 to 80%, and as a failure if relief<20%. The effect of MVD was satisfying (excellent or good) in 75 patients (75%) at discharge (10th day) and in 85 (85%) after 1 to 18 years follow-up (mean: 5 years). Amongst the latter patients, 29 (34%) experienced a delayed (up to 3(1/2) years in one) cure. Spasm recurrence was noted in 9 cases after satisfying effect on discharge. We encountered following permanent neurological complications: 1 facial palsy, 7 cases of hearing deficit (5 of them complete), and 1 case of IX-X deficit. Neither death nor ischaemic complication at brainstem or cerebellum. Most of our hearing complications occurred before using intraoperative BAEP monitoring (3 cases of cophosis among our first 7 patients vs 2 out of our last 93). Local complications were: 1 meningitis, 8 cases of CSF leakage requiring either a series of lumbar punctures or a lumbar external drain, and 3 cases of wound infection and/or delayed woundhealing requiring surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are consistent with those of the literature, especially concerning high rate of long-term success and low complication rate of MVD for HFS. We do not recommend early re-operation in case of initial poor result. Again, the necessity of intraoperative BAEP monitoring to prevent hearing morbidity is highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurochirurgie, Clinique Saint-Jean, Rue du Marais 104, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgique. vincent.marneffe@belgacom.net
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marneffe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sindou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004576:Electromyography; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome