title: Characterization of geraniol synthase from the peltate glands of sweet basil.
abstract: The monoterpene fraction of the lemon-scented sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) cv Sweet Dani consists mostly of citral (a mixture of geranial and neral), with lower levels of geraniol and nerol. These compounds are stored in the peltate glands found on the leaf epidermis. Younger leaves, which have a higher density of such glands, also have a higher content of monoterpenes than older leaves. Geraniol synthase (GES) activity, generating geraniol from geranyl diphosphate, was shown to be localized exclusively or almost exclusively to glands. GES activity resides in a homodimeric protein that was purified to near homogeneity. Basil GES requires Mn2+ as a divalent metal cofactor for activity and produces only geraniol from geranyl diphosphate. Km values of 21 and 51 microM were obtained for geranyl diphosphate and Mn2+, respectively. In the presence of 18O-labeled water, GES catalyzed the formation of 18O-geraniol from geranyl diphosphate, indicating that the reaction mechanism of GES is similar to that of other monoterpene synthases and is different from the action of phosphatases. A GES cDNA was isolated based on analysis of a glandular trichome expressed sequence tag database, and the sequence of the protein encoded by this cDNA shows some similarity to sequences of other terpene synthases. The expression of the GES cDNA in Escherichia coli resulted in a protein with enzymatic activity essentially identical to that of plant-purified GES. RNA gel-blot analysis indicated that GES is expressed in glands but not in leaves of basil cv Sweet Dani, whose glands contain geraniol and citral, and not in glands or leaves of another basil variety that makes other monoterpenes but not geraniol or citral.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.forename: Efraim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lewinsohn
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pichersky
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015870:Gene Expression; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000201:enzymology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018744:DNA, Plant; D013729:Terpenes; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C108877:terpene synthase; C007836:geraniol