title: Persistent organochlorine compounds in soils and sediments of European high altitude mountain lakes.
abstract: The composition of persistent organochlorine compounds (OC) in soils and sediments from two high altitude European mountain lakes, Redon in the Pyrenees and Ladove in the Tatra mountains, has been studied. Sediment cores from two additional lakes in the Tatra mountains, Starolesnianske Pleso and Dlugi Staw, have also been examined. DDTs (1.7-13 ng g(-1)) were the most abundant OC in soils followed by total polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs; 0.41-1.5 ng g(-1)) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB; 0.15-0.91 ng g(-1)). In sediments, the dominant OC were also DDTs (3.3-28 ng g(-1)) and PCBs (2.3-15 ng g(-1)). These concentrations are low, involving absence of major pollution sources in these high mountain regions. The downcore OC profiles in soils and sediments were similar but higher concentrations and steeper vertical gradients were observed in the latter. Radiometric determinations showed absence of significant OC transport from catchment to lake. The sediment-soil difference points therefore to a better retention of the OC load in sediments than soils which may be related to the low temperatures that are currently encountered at the bottom of the lake water column and the depletion of sediment bioturbation in these cold environments. Significant qualitative changes in the soil PCB distributions are observed downcore. These involve a dominance of the high molecular weight congeners in the top core sections and those of lower weight (i.e. less chlorinated) in the bottom. Anaerobic dechlorination of higher molecular weight congeners occurring in microsites, e.g. as observed in flooded or poorly drained soils, could be responsible for these changes. This process could be concurrent to bioturbation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Research (ICER-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. jgoqam@cid.csic.es
authors.forename: Joan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Grimalt
authors.forename: Barend L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: van Drooge
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribes
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Appleby
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D005060:Europe; D005618:Fresh Water; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012987:Soil; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D002244:Carbon; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls