title: [Nicorandil reduces incidence and severity of pain on propofol injection].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol is commonly used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, but the pain during injection of propofol remains a clinical problem. We studied whether nicorandil prevents the pain on propofol injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in 120 adult patients scheduled for elective surgery. The patients were assigned to two groups; Group C (n = 60) received bolus injection of propofol alone; Group N (n = 60) received bolus injection of 2 mg of nicrorandil 3 minutes before propofol injection, and followed by continuous nicorandil infusion at a rate of 6 mg.h-1. The pain on injection was assessed as, none, mild, moderate, or severe at 15-second intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of propofol-induced pain was significantly higher in Group C (77%) than in Group N (30%) (P < 0.05). The severity of pain was significantly higher in Group C than in Group N (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicorandil reduces the incidence and severity of pain on propofol injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hakodate National Hospital, Hakodate 041-8512.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Tatsuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D020108:Nicorandil; D015742:Propofol