Anti-angiogenic therapy in breast cancer.
Breast cancer is a worldwide epidemic among women, and one of the most rapidly increasing cancers. Not only the incidence rate but also the death rate is increasing. Despite enthusiastic efforts in early diagnosis, aggressive surgical treatment and application of additional non-operative modalities, its prognosis is still dismal. This emphasizes the necessity to develop new measures and strategies for its prevention. The understanding of the biology of angiogenesis is improving rapidly, offering the hope for more specific vascular targeting of tumor neovasculature. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a promising, relatively new form of cancer treatment using drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors that specifically inhibit new blood vessel growth. Extensive studies conducted over the past few years have recognized that overexpression of COX-2, VEGF in the cancer might be the leading factors, can induce angiogenesis via induction of multiple pro-angiogenic regulators. Breast tumor growth and metastasization are both hormone-sensitive and angiogenesis-dependent. A single angiogenic inhibitor is not capable to inhibit angiogenesis. Therefore, we should select a combination of angiogenesis inhibitors targeting COX-2, VEGF, and bFGF pathway. This article reviews the background and implementation of the current use of angiogenesis inhibitors and discusses the likely therapeutic roles in the early and advanced breast cancer together with its potential for chemoprevention.
Atiqur Rahman
Mohammad
M
Breast Cancer Research Program, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan.
Toi
Masakazu
M
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases