title: The nutritional significance, metabolism and toxicology of selenomethionine.
abstract: SeMet is a naturally occurring toxic amino acid but at the same time represents the major nutritional source of selenium for higher animals and humans. The ability of SeMet to be incorporated into the body proteins in place of Met furthermore provides a means of reversible Se storage in organs and tissues. This property is not shared by any other naturally occurring selenoamino acid and thus could be associated with a specific physiological function of SeMet. Since higher animals cannot synthesize SeMet, yet from it all needed forms of Se are produced, SeMet meets the criteria of an essential amino acid. Accordingly, SeMet, or enriched food sources thereof, are appropriate forms of Se for human nutritional Se supplementation. However, while SeMet or Se yeast are already widely used in over-the-counter nutritional supplements, infant formulas and parenteral feeding mixtures still contain Se in the form of sodium selenate or sodium selenite, even though these are not the normal nutritional forms of Se. In animal nutrition, these inorganic selenium salts are increasingly replaced by food sources of SeMet such as Se yeast. Synthetic SeMet could also be employed as a feed additive, but its regulatory status is as yet undetermined. The optimal nutritional levels of SeMet for different animal species still need to be determined. The expectation is that lower additions to feedstock of equivalent levels of SeMet will suffice to achieve adequacy than currently approved maximum levels of Se in the form of inorganic Se salts.
authors.affiliation: Biological Trace Element Research Institute, 2400 Boswell Rd., Suite 200, Chula Vista, CA 91914, USA.
authors.forename: Gerhard Norbert
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Schrauzer
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000737:chemistry; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D011200:Poultry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012645:Selenomethionine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D011506:Proteins; D012645:Selenomethionine; D012643:Selenium