title: [Four cases of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma in ear, nose, pharynx and larynx].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the clinical pathologic features and therapeutic method of the primary neuroendocrine carcinoma in ear, nose, pharynx, larynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  One case of atypical carcinoid tumor in larynx is treated by epiglottidectomy. One case of atypical carcinoid tumor in rhinopharynx is treated by radiotherapy. One case of typical carcinoid tumor in middle ear is treated by exploratory incision and radical mastoidectomy. One case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in right nasal cavity is treated by resection and radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient of atypical carcinoid tumor in larynx died after 5 years and the patient of atypical carcinoid tumor in rhinopharynx died after 1 year. The patient of typical carcinoid tumor in middle ear was followed-up 3 years and the patient of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in right nasal cavity was followed-up 2 years, and the carcinomas didn't recrudesce.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary neuroendocrine carcinoma in ear, nose, pharynx, larynx is classified in three states: typical carcinoid tumor, atypical carcinoid tumor and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Typical carcinoid tumor is a kind of low malignant tumor and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a kind of high malignant tumor and atypical carcinoid tumor is a kind of medium malignant tumor. The chief therapeutic method of the primary neuroendocrine carcinoma in ear, nose, pharynx, larynx is surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu 610071.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huaifu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xueqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*