title: A new unsupported upper limb exercise test for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a new unsupported upper limb exercise test (UULEX) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The reproducibility of the UULEX was assessed in nine patients with COPD who performed the test on three occasions. A comparison of the UULEX and a supported incremental upper limb exercise test (SULEX) using an arm ergometer also was performed with 18 patients who had COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the maximum values for each cardiorespiratory variable and sensation of dyspnea between the three repetitions of the UULEX, and all the variables showed high reproducibility. During the supported test, maximum values for the cardiorespiratory variables were significantly higher, but the ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output was lower than during the unsupported exercise test. There were significant correlations for cardiorespiratory responses, arm muscle fatigue, and sensation of dyspnea between the two tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the new UULEX test is a reproducible and acceptable exercise test for patients with COPD that can be used as a simple method to evaluate upper limb function in these patients. Further studies are required to determine the external validity of the test and its sensitivity to interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University of Technology, Japan. takahashi.t@cvc.pref.gunma.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Sue C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Geoffrey R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Carol P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Fiona R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lake
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results