title: N-acetylcysteine does not prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in immature infants: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion during the first week of life reduces the risk of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants with extremely low birth weight. Study design In a Nordic multicenter, double-blind trial, infants (n=391) weighing 500 to 999 g and on ventilator or nasal continuous positive airway pressure were randomized before the age of 36 hours to receive NAC 16 to 32 mg/kg/d (n=194) or placebo (n=197) intravenously for 6 days. Primary end points were death or BPD, defined as supplementary oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the combined incidence of the primary end points death or BPD, 51% vs. 49%, between the NAC group and control group. Also similar was the incidence of BPD in survivors at 36 weeks' gestational age, 40% vs. 40%, and the mean oxygen requirement at the age of 28 days, 31.2% vs. 30.7%, respectively. The severity of BPD was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 6-day course of intravenous N-acetylcysteine at the dosage used does not prevent BPD or death in infants with extremely low birth weight.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Terhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahola
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lapatto
authors.forename: Kari O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Raivio
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Selander
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stigson
authors.forename: Baldvin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jonsbo
authors.forename: Gitte
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esberg
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stövring
authors.forename: Sveinn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kjartansson
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stiris
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lossius
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Virkola
authors.forename: Vineta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fellman
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003553:Cystine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003553:Cystine; C030905:N-monoacetylcystine