title: Long-term results of pediatric cardiac surgery in Finland: education, employment, marital status, and parenthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This population-based study was designed to examine the psychosocial outcome of Finnish patients who had been operated on for congenital heart disease during childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was mailed to 3789 adult patients who had been operated on for congenital heart defects in Finland. Of these, 2896 (76%) answered the questionnaire. The mean age of patients was 33 years (range: 18-59 years), and they had had their first operation 9 to 46 years earlier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients had coped well with their defects when compared with the general Finnish population. The educational level of patients was comparable to and employment level was higher than expected (70% vs 66%, respectively). They were living in a steady relationship as often as the general population, but the number of parents among the patients was lower than that expected (47% vs 49%, respectively). The incidence of congenital heart disease among the 2697 children of the patients was 2.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that in addition to high survival rate, the long-term psychosocial outcome of patients with surgically treated congenital heart defects is good if they do not have any additional syndromes that cause mental retardation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Heta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sairanen
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tikanoja
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leskinen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galambosi
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*