title: Selective effects of carbamate pesticides on rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rat brain acetylcholinesterase.
abstract: Effects of commonly used carbamate pesticides on rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes have been investigated using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. The potencies of these effects have been compared to the potencies of the carbamates to inhibit rat brain acetylcholinesterase. The potency order of six carbamates to inhibit alpha4beta4 nicotinic receptors is fenoxycarb > EPTC > carbaryl, bendiocarb > propoxur > aldicarb with IC50 values ranging from 3 microM for fenoxycarb to 165 microM for propoxur and >1 mM for aldicarb. Conversely, the potency order of these carbamates to inhibit rat brain acetylcholinesterase is bendiocarb > propoxur, aldicarb > carbaryl > EPTC, fenoxycarb with IC50 values ranging from 1 microM for bendiocarb to 17 microM for carbaryl and > mM for EPTC and fenoxycarb. The alpha4beta2, alpha3beta4, and alpha3beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are inhibited by fenoxycarb, EPTC, and carbaryl with potency orders similar to that for alpha4beta4 receptors. Comparing the potencies of inhibition of the distinct subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors shows that the alpha3beta2 receptor is less sensitive to inhibition by fenoxycarb and EPTC. The potency of inhibition depends on the carbamate as well as on a combination of alpha and beta subunit properties. It is concluded that carbamate pesticides affect different subtypes of neuronal nicotinic receptors independently of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. This implicates that neuronal nicotinic receptors are additional targets for some carbamate pesticides and that these receptors may contribute to carbamate pesticide toxicology, especially after long-term exposure.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chantal J G M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smulders
authors.forename: Tjerk J H
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bueters
authors.forename: Regina G D M
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Van Kleef
authors.forename: Henk P M
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Vijverberg
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase