title: Short-term versus long-term longitudinal changes in processing speed.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous longitudinal studies of cognitive aging have focused on long-term performance changes. A recent surge of research has demonstrated that there are reliable interindividual differences in short-term cognitive performance changes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study links these two pathways of cognitive aging research by examining the association between short-term (learning, practice) versus long-term (development) changes in processing speed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 963 elderly participants come from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nested latent growth curve analyses show that the amount of learning or practice in processing speed at first measurement occasion is positively related (r = 0.72) to individual differences in development of processing speed across 6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term learning or practice gains in processing speed are positively associated with long-term developmental changes in processing speed in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontopsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. d.zimprich@psychologie.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zimprich
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Marja J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Aartsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011214:Practice, Psychological