title: Inhibition of a constitutive translation initiation factor 2alpha phosphatase, CReP, promotes survival of stressed cells.
abstract: Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) on serine 51 is effected by specific stress-activated protein kinases. eIF2alpha phosphorylation inhibits translation initiation promoting a cytoprotective gene expression program known as the integrated stress response (ISR). Stress-induced activation of GADD34 feeds back negatively on this pathway by promoting eIF2alpha dephosphorylation, however, GADD34 mutant cells retain significant eIF2alpha-directed phosphatase activity. We used a somatic cell genetic approach to identify a gene encoding a novel regulatory subunit of a constitutively active holophosphatase complex that dephosphorylates eIF2alpha. RNAi of this gene, which we named constitutive repressor of eIF2alpha phosphorylation (CReP, or PPP1R15B), repressed the constitutive eIF2alpha-directed phosphatase activity and activated the ISR. CReP RNAi strongly protected mammalian cells against oxidative stress, peroxynitrite stress, and more modestly against accumulation of malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings suggest that therapeutic inhibition of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation by targeting the CReP-protein-phosphatase-1 complex may be used to access the salubrious qualities of the ISR.
authors.affiliation: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jousse
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oyadomari
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Novoa
authors.forename: Phoebe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heather P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ron
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015538:Nitrosation; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011506:Proteins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C513256:Ppp1r15a protein, mouse; C480350:Ppp1r15b protein, mouse; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1