title: Low vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone levels as determinants of loss of muscle strength and muscle mass (sarcopenia): the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.
abstract: The age-related change in hormone concentrations has been hypothesized to play a role in the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength with aging, also called sarcopenia. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and high serum PTH concentration were associated with sarcopenia. In men and women aged 65 yr and older, participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, grip strength (n = 1008) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (n = 331, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were measured in 1995-1996 and after a 3-yr follow-up. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest sex-specific 15th percentile of the cohort, translating into a loss of grip strength greater than 40% or a loss of muscle mass greater than 3%. After adjustment for physical activity level, season of data collection, serum creatinine concentration, chronic disease, smoking, and body mass index, persons with low (<25 nmol/liter) baseline 25-OHD levels were 2.57 (95% confidence interval 1.40-4.70, based on grip strength) and 2.14 (0.73-6.33, based on muscle mass) times more likely to experience sarcopenia, compared with those with high (>50 nmol/liter) levels. High PTH levels (>or=4.0 pmol/liter) were associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia, compared with low PTH (<3.0 pmol/liter): odds ratio = 1.71 (1.07-2.73) based on grip strength, odds ratio = 2.35 (1.05-5.28) based on muscle mass. The associations were similar in men and women. The results of this prospective, population-based study show that lower 25-OHD and higher PTH levels increase the risk of sarcopenia in older men and women.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.visser.emgo@med.vu.nl
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Dorly J H
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Deeg
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lips
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D