title: Hydrocode simulations of air and water shocks for facility vulnerability assessments.
abstract: Hydrocodes are widely used in the study of explosive systems but their use in routine facility vulnerability assessments has been limited due to the computational resources typically required. These requirements are due to the fact that the majority of hydrocodes have been developed primarily for the simulation of weapon-scale phenomena. It is not practical to use these same numerical frameworks on the large domains found in facility vulnerability studies. Here, a hydrocode formulated specifically for facility vulnerability assessments is reviewed. Techniques used to accurately represent the explosive source while maintaining computational efficiency are described. Submodels for addressing other issues found in typical terrorist attack scenarios are presented. In terrorist attack scenarios, loads produced by shocks play an important role in vulnerability. Due to the difference in the material properties of water and air and interface phenomena, there exists significant contrast in wave propagation phenomena in these two medium. These physical variations also require special attention be paid to the mathematical and numerical models used in the hydrocodes. Simulations for a variety of air and water shock scenarios are presented to validate the computational models used in the hydrocode and highlight the phenomenological issues.
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. jclutter@utsa.edu
authors.forename: J Keith
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Clutter
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods*; D005107:Explosions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012637:Security Measures; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water