title: Brain retraction injury.
abstract: This paper reviews the literature of the brain retraction injury during the last century. The review focused on the instrument characteristic as well as the physiopathological and histopathological damage of the brain induced by brain retraction. It was found that lesions were induced by cerebral ischemia. We conclude that a better monitoring system needs to be developed to avoid brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine UHC 6E, Detroit 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dujovny
authors.forename: Alfred R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Perlin
authors.forename: Eimir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez-Arjona
authors.forename: Hun K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods