title: Cutting edge: an endogenous pathway to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-like reactions through Toll-like receptor 4.
abstract: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is typically associated with trauma, surgery, or acute pancreatitis. SIRS resembles sepsis, triggered by exogenous macromolecules such as LPS acting on Toll-like receptors. What triggers SIRS in the absence of infection, however, is unknown. In this study, we report that a SIRS-like response can be induced in mice by administration of soluble heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan associated with nucleated cells and extracellular matrices, and by elastase, which cleaves and releases heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The ability of heparan sulfate and elastase to induce SIRS depends on functional Toll-like receptor 4, because mutant mice lacking that receptor or its function do not respond. These results provide a molecular explanation for the initiation of SIRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brunn
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007272:Injections, Intralymphatic; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012995:Solubility; D013154:Spleen / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha