title: Lysine kinetics in preterm infants: the importance of enteral feeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lysine is the first limiting essential amino acid in the diet of newborns. First pass metabolism by the intestine of dietary lysine has a direct effect on systemic availability. We investigated whether first pass lysine metabolism in the intestine is high in preterm infants, particularly at a low enteral intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six preterm infants (birth weight 0.9 (0.1) kg) were studied during two different periods: period A (n = 6): 40% of intake administered enterally, 60% parenterally; lysine intake 92 (6) micromol/(kg x h); and period B (n = 4): 100% enteral feeding; lysine intake 100 (3) micromol/(kg x h). Dual stable isotope tracer techniques were used to assess splanchnic and whole body lysine kinetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fractional first pass lysine uptake by the intestine was significantly higher during partial enteral feeding (period A 32 (10)% v period B 18 (7)%; p<0.05). Absolute uptake was not significantly different. Whole body lysine oxidation was significantly decreased during full enteral feeding (period A 44 (9) v period B 17 (3) micromol/(kg x h); p<0.05) so that whole body lysine balance was significantly higher during full enteral feeding (period A 52 (25) v period B 83 (3) micromol/(kg x h); p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractional first pass lysine uptake was much higher during partial enteral feeding. Preterm infants receiving full enteral feeding have lower whole body lysine oxidation, resulting in a higher net lysine balance, compared with preterm infants receiving partial enteral feeding. Hence parenterally administered lysine is not as effective as dietary lysine in promoting protein deposition in preterm infants.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S R D
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: van der Schoor
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Reeds
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stellaard
authors.forename: J D L
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wattimena
authors.forename: P J J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Büller
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Goudoever
mesh_terms: D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008239:Lysine