title: Expression of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen in male breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The androgen-regulated proteins prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) are present in high concentrations in normal prostate and prostatic cancer and are considered to be tissue-specific to prostate. These markers are commonly used to diagnose metastatic prostate carcinoma at various sites including the male breast. However, expression of these two proteins in tumors arising in tissues regulated by androgens such as male breast carcinoma has not been thoroughly evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we analyzed the expression of PSA, PSAP and androgen receptor (AR) by immunohistochemistry in 26 cases of male breast carcinomas and correlated these with the expression of other prognostic markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AR, PSA and PSAP expression was observed in 81%, 23% and 0% of carcinomas, respectively. Combined expression of AR and PSA was observed in only four tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the biological significance of PSA expression in male breast carcinomas is not clear, caution should be exercised when it is used as a diagnostic marker of metastatic prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Noman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kidwai
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Charuhas G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.forename: Anjana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Yeldandi
authors.forename: M Sambasiva
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badve
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000368:Aged; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000032:analysis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C428439:prostatic acid phosphatase