title: Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25- naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3.
abstract: CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are instrumental in the maintenance of immunological tolerance. One critical question is whether Treg can only be generated in the thymus or can differentiate from peripheral CD4+CD25- naive T cells. In this paper, we present novel evidence that conversion of naive peripheral CD4+CD25- T cells into anergic/suppressor cells that are CD25+, CD45RB-/low and intracellular CTLA-4+ can be achieved through costimulation with T cell receptors (TCRs) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Although transcription factor Foxp3 has been shown recently to be associated with the development of Treg, the physiological inducers for Foxp3 gene expression remain a mystery. TGF-beta induced Foxp3 gene expression in TCR-challenged CD4+CD25- naive T cells, which mediated their transition toward a regulatory T cell phenotype with potent immunosuppressive potential. These converted anergic/suppressor cells are not only unresponsive to TCR stimulation and produce neither T helper cell 1 nor T helper cell 2 cytokines but they also express TGF-beta and inhibit normal T cell proliferation in vitro. More importantly, in an ovalbumin peptide TCR transgenic adoptive transfer model, TGF-beta-converted transgenic CD4+CD25+ suppressor cells proliferated in response to immunization and inhibited antigen-specific naive CD4+ T cell expansion in vivo. Finally, in a murine asthma model, coadministration of these TGF-beta-induced suppressor T cells prevented house dust mite-induced allergic pathogenesis in lungs.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Immunology Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. wchen@dir.nidcr.nih.gov
authors.forename: WanJun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hardegen
authors.forename: Ke-Jian
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marinos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGrady
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wahl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008925:Mites / Q000276:immunology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000502:physiology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D010047:Ovalbumin