title: Attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics, and actual end-of-life decisions of physicians in Flanders, Belgium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of sociodemographic and attitudinal determinants of physicians making end-of-life decisions (ELDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The physicians having signed 489 consecutive death certificates in the city of Hasselt (Belgium) were sent an anonymous questionnaire regarding their ELDs and another on their attitudes toward voluntary euthanasia (EUTH) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  55% response rate. Nontreatment decisions occurred in 16.7% of all death cases; in 16%, there was potentially life-shortening use of drugs to alleviate pain and symptoms; in 4.8% of cases, death was deliberately induced by lethal drugs, including EUTH, PAS, and life termination without explicit request by the patient. In their attitudes toward EUTH and PAS, the 92 responding physicians clustered into 3 groups: positive and rule oriented, positive rule-adverse, and opposed. Cluster group membership, commitment to life stance, years of professional experience, and gender were each associated with specific ELD-making patterns.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Philosophy and Bioethics, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, B-900 Gent, Belgium. Freddy.Mortier@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mortier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bilsen
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Vander Stichele
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernheim
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deliens
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001293:Attitude to Death; D001530:Belgium; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003644:Death Certificates; D003657:Decision Making; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017236:Suicide, Assisted / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology