title: Glutamate excitotoxicity attenuates insulin-like growth factor-I prosurvival signaling.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that impaired insulin/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) input may be associated to neurodegeneration. Several major neurodegenerative diseases involve excitotoxic cell injury whereby excess glutamate signaling leads to neuronal death. Recently it was shown that glutamate inactivates Akt, a serine-kinase crucially involved in the prosurvival actions of IGF-I. We now report that excitotoxic doses of glutamate antagonize Akt activation by IGF-I and inhibit the neuroprotective effects of this growth factor on cultured neurons. Glutamate induces loss of sensitivity to IGF-I by phosphorylating the IGF-I receptor docking protein insulin-receptor-substrate (IRS)-1 in Ser(307) through a pathway involving activation of PKA and PKC in a hierarchical fashion. Administration of Ro320432, a selective PKC inhibitor, abrogates the inhibitory effects of glutamate on IGF-I-induced Akt activation in vitro and in vivo and is sufficient to block the neurotoxic action of glutamate on cultured neurons. Notably, administration of Ro320432 after ischemic insult, a major form of excitotoxic injury in vivo, results in a marked decrease ( approximately 50%) in infarct size. Therefore, uncoupling of IGF-I signaling by glutamate may constitute an additional route contributing to excitotoxic neuronal injury. Further work should determine the potential use of PKC inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy in ischemia and other excitotoxic insults.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avda. Dr. Arce 37. 28002 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Galloway
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torres-Aleman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I