title: A prospective study of the effect of childbearing on weight gain in African-American women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively assess the influence of bearing a first, second, or later child on weight gain among African-American women in the context of other risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained in a prospective follow-up study of African-American women from across the U.S. who are participants in the Black Women's Health Study. Postal questionnaires were used to collect baseline data in 1995 and follow-up data in 1997 and 1999. Parous and nulliparous women (11,196) (21 to 39 years old at baseline), of whom 1230 had a singleton birth during follow-up, are the subjects of the present analyses. We assessed change in BMI (kilograms per meter squared) in relation to childbearing during 4 years of follow-up, with use of multivariable linear regression to control for important risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 4 years of follow-up, the BMI of participants increased by an average of 1.6 kg/m2, equivalent to a weight gain of approximately 4.4 kg. Women who had a child during follow-up gained more weight than women who remained nulliparous, and those who had a first child gained more than those who had a second or later child. The weight gain associated with childbearing increased with increasing baseline BMI and was appreciable among heavier women. For example, among women with a baseline index of 36, the increase in BMI for women who bore a first child was 1.1 kg/m2 more than that of nulliparous women, equivalent to a difference in weight gain of approximately 3.0 kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childbearing is an important contributor to weight gain among African-American women.
authors.affiliation: Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. lrosenberg@slone@bu.edu
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Shiriki K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kumanyika
authors.forename: Lucile L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D010298:Parity; D036801:Parturition; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology