title: Activity of a specific inhibitor, gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839), of epidermal growth factor receptor in refractory non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gefitinib (Iressa(TM), ZD1839) is an orally active, selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Phase I studies showed that it is well tolerated, with evidence of tumor regression in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we aimed to assess the antitumor activity and tolerability of gefitinib in a series of patients with previously treated, advanced NSCLC, as a part of a compassionate use program.
  
  
  METHODS
  To be eligible, all patients were required to have histologically or cytologically proven advanced or metastatic NSCLC, prior chemotherapy with at least one cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimen or contraindication to cytotoxic drugs, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or =2, and adequate hematological, renal and hepatic parameters. All patients provided signed informed consent. Patient re-evaluation was performed every 4-6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three consecutive patients were enrolled. Response rate, including complete and partial response, was 9.6%; an additional 43.8% of patients achieved stable disease, for an overall disease control of 53.4%. EGFR1 status was evaluated by immunocytochemistry in 25 patients. According to EGFR1 immunoreactivity all responses were observed with medium/strong imunoreactivity while three out of four responses were observed in high expressive patients. Median survival for all patients was 4 months while it reached 6 months for patients with disease control. The 1-year survival rate was 13.1% for the entire series and 23.2% for patients with disease control. Non-hematological toxicity was generally mild.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gefitinib has promising activity with a good toxicity profile in patients with progressive NSCLC who have received one or two prior chemotherapy regimens. A possible relationship within response and EGFR1 expression is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. armando.santoro@humanitas.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavina
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Latteri
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Zucali
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ginanni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campagnoli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morenghi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pedicini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roncalli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alloisio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravasi
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Soto Parra
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011799:Quinazolines; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077156:Gefitinib