title: Hypertensive renal damage in metabolic syndrome is associated with glucose metabolism disturbances.
abstract: Recent evidence highlights the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mild renal function abnormalities are associated with an enhanced CV risk, considered to be due to the presence of associated risk factors. Hence, MS and renal abnormalities could be linked and contribute to augment CV risk. For estimating the prevalence of diminished creatinine clearance (CC; <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) in hypertensive patients with or without MS and for investigating the factors accompanying this abnormality, 1625 hypertensive patients, aged 18 yr or older, were included. The presence of MS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The overall prevalence of MS was 49.4% (n = 802). No significant difference was found for CC between those with and without MS, albeit the presence of MS was accompanied by greater urinary albumin excretion (P = 0.01). The prevalence of a diminished CC was also similar in the two groups. MS-positive patients presented a progressive decay in CC when classified as normoglycemic (n = 319), impaired fasting glucose (n = 237), and diabetic patients (n = 246; 85.9 +/- 30.2, 81.8 +/- 26.8, and 75.2 +/- 25.7 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively; P = 0.0007 linearity test) and the opposite for microalbuminuria (29.5 +/- 45.5, 45.0 +/- 96.6, and 74.1 +/- 146.3 mg/24 h, respectively; P = 0.001 linearity test). In multiple regression analysis, factors related to the finding of a diminished CC in MS and non-MS patients were similar. Hypertensive patients at a relatively young age present with an elevated prevalence of minor abnormalities of renal function that is mostly related to the presence of metabolic alteration of glucose together with age and BP.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Nephrology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. jsegurad@senefro.org
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roldán
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vigil
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Robles
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rodicio
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ruilope
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose