title: Inhibition of human p53 basal transcription by down-regulation of protein kinase Cdelta.
abstract: In response to DNA damage, signal transduction pathways are activated that result in the increase of p53 protein levels, leading to either growth arrest or apoptosis. Protein kinase C (PKC) delta has been implicated as a tumor suppressor that is down-regulated by tumor-promoting phorbol esters in both mouse skin and cell culture models. We report here that the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate prevents DNA damage-induced up-regulation of p53 by down-regulating PKC delta. Regulation of p53 in response to stress most commonly occurs by preventing ubiquitination and degradation of the p53 protein. Surprisingly, suppression of p53 expression by inhibition of PKC delta was caused by the inhibition of p53 synthesis, not increased degradation of p53 protein. Inhibiting PKC delta blocked both basal transcription of the human p53 gene and initiation of transcription from the human p53 promoter. Therefore, the tumor-suppressing effects of PKC delta are mediated at least in part through activating p53 transcription.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomolecular Structure and Function and Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate School, City University of New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Kiyotsugu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bargonetti
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D010703:Phorbol Esters; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D003609:Dactinomycin; D008156:Luciferases; C497258:PRKCD protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate