title: Tolerance of Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus to surface cleaning and household bleach.
abstract: Effective cleaning and sanitizing of food preparation sites is important because pathogens are readily spread to food contact surfaces after preparation of contaminated raw products. Tolerance of Salmonella Enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus to surface cleaning by wiping with regular, microfiber, and antibacterial-treated cloths was investigated. Wiping with cleaning cloths resulted in a considerable reduction of microorganisms from surfaces, despite the greater difficulty in removing S. aureus than Salmonella Enteritidis. Depending on the cloth type, S. aureus were reduced on surfaces from initial numbers of approximately 10(5) CFU/100 cm2 to numbers from less than 4 CFU/100 cm2 (below the detection limit) to 100 CFU/100 cm2. Directly after the cloths were used to clean the contaminated surfaces, they contained high numbers of bacteria (10(4) to 10(5) CFU/100 cm2), except for the disposable antibacterial-treated cloths, in which no bacteria could be detected. The tolerance of these pathogens to sodium hypochlorite was studied in the suspension test and in cloths. S. aureus showed a better tolerance for sodium hypochlorite than Salmonella Enteritidis. Inactivation of microorganisms in cloths required a higher concentration of sodium hypochlorite than was needed in the suspension test. Repeated exposure to sodium hypochlorite, however, resulted in an increase in susceptibility to this compound. This study provides essential information about the transfer of bacteria when wiping surfaces and highlights the need for a hygiene procedure with cleaning cloths that sufficiently avoids cross-contamination in the household environment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kusumaningrum
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paltinaite
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Koomen
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hazeleger
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rombouts
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Beumer
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite