title: Ketamine attenuates hypocapnia-induced neuronal damage in the caudoputamen in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that the caudoputamen was exclusively further damaged by hypocapnia in a rat with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion which is characterized by white matter lesions (WML) and a well-established model for patients with cerebrovascular diseases and/or dementia, and suggest that this process may be the cause of long lasting postoperative delirium or brain dysfunction in such patients. In the present study, we investigated whether ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, could attenuate the neuronal damage in the caudoputamen. Ketamine, at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, which was given intraperitoneally before hypocapnia induction, attenuated the aggravation of WML score, neuronal damage, and astroglial proliferation in the rat caudoputamen. These results suggest that ketamine may be beneficial for preventing postoperative brain dysfunction, especially in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and/or dementia induced by hypocapnia, which is likely to occur in the mechanical ventilation used during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi-city, Osaka 570-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomimoto
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakita
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuzawa
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahira
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shingu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016857:Hypocapnia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007649:Ketamine