title: A phase II study of estramustine, docetaxel, and carboplatin with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor support in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 99813.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors determined the safety and efficacy of estramustine, docetaxel, and carboplatin with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current multicenter, cooperative group study, patients with advanced prostate carcinoma whose disease progressed despite androgen deprivation therapy were treated with a combination of oral estramustine(240 mg three times per day for 5 days), 70 mg/m2 of docetaxel, and carboplatin at a dose of (area under the curve) 5. G-CSF was used to minimize the neutropenia associated with this regimen. Each cycle was repeated every 21 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients were treated with a median of 7 cycles of therapy. Of the 34 evaluable patients with elevated pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, 23 (68%) had a > or = 50% decline in PSA and 20 (59%) had a > or = 75% decline. Twenty-one patients had measurable disease, with 1 complete response (5%) and 10 partial responses (47%), for an overall measurable response rate of 52% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 30-74%). The most common Grade 3 or Grade 4 toxicities (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) included neutropenia in 23% of patients, thrombocytopenia in 13%, and fatigue in 13%. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 1 patient (3%). The overall median time to disease progression was 8.1 months (95% CI, 6-10 months) and the overall survival period was 19 months (95% CI, 13-26 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of estramustine, docetaxel, and carboplatin with G-CSF support was found to have significant clinical activity with an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with progressive hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Lank Center for Geritourinary Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. william_oh@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: W Kevin
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Cary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Godley
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Small
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine; D016190:Carboplatin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen