title: N-acetylcysteine as an additive to crystalloid cardioplegia increased oxidative stress capacity in CABG patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective, randomized study was designed to assess the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five consenting CABG patients with normal myocardial function were randomly divided into control (C) patients (N = 20) who received crystalloid (Plegisol) cardioplegia, and NAC patients receiving NAC in a 0.04 mol/l solution (N = 15) in Plegisol. Simultaneous coronary sinus and aortic blood samples, and myocardial biopsies were taken 1, 5 and 10 min after declamping. Hemodynamics was measured invasively for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no adverse effects observed. The myocardial glutathione content was significantly better preserved (p = 0.0001) and myeloperoxidase activity was over two times lower in the NAC group than in the C group (p = 0.03). The trap capacity gradient between the aorta and the coronary sinus increased significantly during the first minute of reperfusion in the treatment group (p = 0.001) when compared with the C group. In the first minute after reperfusion there were more leukocytes sequestered in the coronary circulation (p = 0.04) in the C group. The invasive hemodynamic data did not differ significantly between the groups. The incidence of arrhythmias was equal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAC increased tissue capacity against oxidative stress and decreased inflammatory response in CABG patients with normal ejection fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. antti.vento@hus.fi
authors.forename: Antti E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemlander
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aittomäki
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karhunen
authors.forename: O Juhani
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Rämö
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009195:Peroxidase; D000111:Acetylcysteine