title: Cyclic esotropia and the treatment of over-elevation in adduction and V-pattern.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and treatment of V-pattern and bilateral over-elevation in adduction in patients with cyclic esotropia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with cyclic esotropia are described in retrospect. All patients underwent bilateral medial recession, while one patient additionally had a weakening procedure of both inferior oblique muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients developed a V-pattern and bilateral over-elevation in adduction. After strabismus surgery, normal eye alignment with some signs of binocularity was reached in all three patients. Moreover, the over-elevation in adduction and V-pattern completely resolved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  V-pattern and bilateral over-elevation in adduction was seen in all patients with cyclic esotropia in the stage that fusion was disrupted. Possible explanations for the origin of these patterns are discussed. Strabismus surgery aimed to correct the horizontal esotropic angle restored fusion and eliminated the vertical incommitancies in lateral gaze, and the V-pattern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Groningen, Netherlands. j.w.r.pott@ohk.azg.nl
authors.forename: J W R
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pott
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Godts
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kerkhof
authors.forename: J T H N
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: de Faber
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010507:Periodicity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015348:Vision, Binocular