title: Superiority of pentobarbital versus chloral hydrate for sedation in infants during imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral pentobarbital and oral chloral hydrate for sedation in infants younger than 1 year during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized database was used to collect information about all cases in which sedation was used. Outcomes of all infants who received oral pentobarbital or oral chloral hydrate for sedation between 1997 and 2002 were reviewed. Two study groups were compared for sedation and discharge times by using Student t test and for adverse events by using Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants (n = 1,316) received an oral medication for sedation. Mean doses were 50 mg/kg chloral hydrate and 4 mg/kg pentobarbital. Student t test demonstrated no difference in mean time to sedation and in time to discharge between groups. Overall adverse event rate during sedation was lower with pentobarbital (0.5%) than with chloral hydrate (2.7%) (P <.001). There were fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation with pentobarbital (0.2%) than with chloral hydrate (1.6%) (P <.01). Both medications were equally effective in providing successful sedation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although oral pentobarbital and oral chloral hydrate are equally effective, the incidence of adverse events with pentobarbital was significantly reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. keira.mason@tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Keira P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanborn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: Victoria E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Karian
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Paulette J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Burrows
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D001900:Boston; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000009:adverse effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D010424:Pentobarbital; D010100:Oxygen