Osteoblast precursors at different anatomic sites.
Skeletal morphology depends on the local regulation of bone formation, both in a quantitative and qualitative sense. The formative cells, osteoblasts, adjust their synthetic activity in response to signals that influence cell differentiation and matrix production. Here, we review data concerning the morphological patterning during bone ontogenesis and its direct cause: osteoblasts at specific anatomic sites. An overview of the possible origins of osteogenic cells is presented, considering bone growth and homeostasis, and discussing the repair process. A testable model is proposed, in which functional differences between osteoblast populations are explained by homeobox-gene regulation. Newly developed markers for osteoblast recruitment and differentiation provide an experimental system to test the impact of homeobox-gene expression on osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix production.
Wurtz
Tilmann
T
Université Paris 7, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers-IFR58, INSERM E110, 15-21 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Tilmann.Wurtz@bhdc.jussieu.fr
Berdal
Ariane
A
D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D019070:Cell Lineage; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
C422724:Hemgn protein, rat; D011506:Proteins