title: Characterization of osteocalcin (BGP) and matrix Gla protein (MGP) fish specific antibodies: validation for immunodetection studies in lower vertebrates.
abstract: In fish species the basic mechanisms of bone development and bone remodeling are not fully understood. The classification of bone tissue in teleosts as cellular or acellular and the presence of transitional states between bone and cartilage and the finding of different types of cartilage in teleosts not previously recognized in higher vertebrates emphasizes the need for a study on the accumulation of the Gla-containing proteins MGP and BGP at the cellular level. In the present study, polyclonal antibodies developed against BGP and MGP from A. regius (a local marine teleost fish) and against MGP from G. galeus (a Pacific Ocean shark), were tested by Western blot for their specificity against BGP and MGP from several other species of teleost fish and shark. For this purpose we extracted and purified both proteins from various marine and freshwater teleosts, identified them by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and confirmed the presence of gamma-carboxylation in the proteins with the use of a stain specific for Gla residues. Each antibody recognized either BGP or MGP with no cross-reaction between proteins detected. All purified fish BGPs and MGPs tested were shown to be specifically recognized, thus validating the use of these antibodies for further studies.
authors.affiliation: CCMAR-University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Simes
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gavaia
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ingleton
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cancela
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005399:Fishes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D014981:Xenopus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein