title: 'Ecstasy' intoxication: life-threatening manifestations and resuscitative measures in the intensive care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ingestion of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy') can cause severe neurological impairment and multi-system damage. We describe the potentially life-threatening clinical features and the management of intoxication by this psychedelic drug in patients transferred from emergency services to the intensive care area.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of 'ecstasy'-intoxicated patients admitted to a municipal hospital during a three-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 32 patients brought to the emergency services, three (9.3%; mean age 21+/-2 years) were transferred to the intensive care area in a comatose state associated with seizures after ingesting one to three tablets of 150 mg 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. All required artificial ventilation and none responded to painful stimuli. The brain computed tomography scan and lumbar puncture results were normal. The main clinical manifestations were hyponatremia, high fever, rhabdomyolysis, dehydration and metabolic acidosis accompanied by impaired liver and renal functions. All three patients regained consciousness after 2.1+/-0.8 days of system-oriented supportive care and were discharged for further surveillance in medical wards after 4.3+/-2.1 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in life-threatening episodes of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine intoxication that mandate admission, treatment and close surveillance in an intensive care milieu make it incumbent to establish appropriate management protocols for minimizing immediate mortality and late morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben-Abraham
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Szold
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rudick
authors.forename: Avi A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weinbroum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003128:Coma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine