title: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of S-100beta in children and its elevation in pediatric meningitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of S-100beta in children and determine whether CSF S-100beta levels are elevated in pediatric meningitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 141 children (107 controls and 34 meningitis patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF levels of S-100beta were measured in 107 control patients and 34 children with meningitis. S-100beta levels were measured in CSF collected from a lumbar puncture to evaluate for meningitis. Patients were classified as controls if they did not have pleocytosis or an organism identified. Patients were classified as having meningitis if there was CSF pleocytosis. Those with meningitis were then categorized as having bacterial or aseptic meningitis. S-100beta levels were measured by a commercial luminometric assay. Data are presented as median (interquartile range [IQ]) unless otherwise noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal CSF S-100beta levels were measured in 107 children with a median age of 2.6 months (1.4 months to 1.5 yrs). The median CSF S-100beta was 0.71 microg/L (IQ range, 0.48-1.07) with a tenth to 90th percentile range of 0.35-1.8 microg/L. A correlation was measured between age and CSF S-100beta levels in controls, (r2=.04, p=.037). Thirty-four children had meningitis with a median age of 4.0 yrs (2.0 months to 11.8 yrs). Ten were bacterial/mycobacterial, and 24 were aseptic. Children with meningitis had elevated S-100beta levels of 1.1 microg/L (IQ range, 0.9-1.6) compared with control levels of 0.71 microg/L (IQ range, 0.48-1.07) (p=.0001). Those with bacterial/mycobacterial meningitis had elevated S-100beta levels of 1.6 microg/L (IQ range, 0.78-3.0) compared with controls (p=.002). Children with aseptic meningitis also had S-100beta levels of 1.0 microg/L (IQ range, 0.91-1.4), which were elevated compared with controls, (p=.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSF levels of S-100beta are elevated in children with meningitis compared with controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Spinella
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajendra
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Drott
authors.forename: Troy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helfaer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012044:Regression Analysis; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins