title: COX 2 selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative blood loss in hip surgery. A randomized comparison of indomethacin and meloxicam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this prospective randomized study we tested the hypothesis that use of more cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX 2)-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce perioperative blood loss compared with non-selective NSAIDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 200 patients who underwent total hip replacement were studied. Two NSAIDs were compared: indomethacin 50 mg (n = 82) and meloxicam 15 mg (n = 86). Both NSAIDs were given orally 1 h before surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were not different with respect to age, gender, ASA class or duration of surgery. When indomethacin was used preoperatively, intraoperative blood loss was 623 +/- 243 mL (mean +/- SD) and postoperative blood loss 410 +/- 340 mL. After meloxicam, these values were 524 +/- 304 mL and 358 +/- 272 mL, respectively. Total perioperative blood loss after meloxicam was 17% (P < 0.05) less than that observed after indomethacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative blood loss after meloxicam is less than after indomethacin. These in vivo findings are consistent with in vitro results using selective COX 2 NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Maastricht, Department of Anesthesiology, Maastricht, The Netherlands. eweb@sane.azm.nl
authors.forename: E W G
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slappendel
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Durieux
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dirksen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spruit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D000077239:Meloxicam; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000077239:Meloxicam; D007213:Indomethacin