title: Brief interventions for hazardous drinkers delivered in primary care are equally effective in men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the accumulated evidence on the efficacy of brief interventions in hazardous drinkers some ambiguity remains regarding their differential effectiveness by gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis of independent studies conducted in primary health care settings with a follow-up of 6-12 months which report results separately by gender. Two outcome measures were selected: the quantity of typical weekly alcohol consumption and the frequency of drinkers who reported consumption below hazardous levels after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The standardized effect sizes for the reduction of alcohol consumption were similar in men (d=- 0.25; 95% CI=- 0.34 to -0.17) and women (d=- 0.26; 95% CI=- 0.38 to - 0.13). The odds ratios (OR) for the frequency of individuals who drank below harmful levels were also similar (four studies; OR for men=2.32; 95% CI=1.78-2.93; OR for women=2.31; 95% CI=1.60-3.17). The difference between genders was negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the equality of outcomes among men and women achieved by brief interventions for hazardous alcohol consumption in primary care settings.
authors.affiliation: Universidad del País Vasco, Dpto Neurociencias, Leioa, Spain. onpbaroj@lg.ehu.es
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: Asunción
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Pinto
authors.forename: Imanol
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Querejeta
authors.forename: Julen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ariño
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome