title: The effect of acarbose on insulin resistance in obese hypertensive subjects with normal glucose tolerance: a randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acarbose, a glucose oxidase inhibitor, delays the absorption of glucose thus reducing post-prandial blood glucose level, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus and in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The effect of acarbose in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) has hitherto not been examined. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of acarbose in obese hypertensive subjects with NGT.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blinded, parallel group study was performed on 56 male subjects with hypertension, body mass index (BMI) 27-35 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose < or =6 mmol/l and a normal oral glucose tolerance test. Blood pressure, HbA1c, lipid profile and insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index] were determined initially and following 24 weeks of acarbose, 150 mg/day or placebo. The primary end point was the change in insulin resistance. Anti-hypertensive treatment and diet were kept constant during the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin resistance decreased in acarbose users but not on placebo. HOMA index declined from 5.36 +/- 1.7 to 4.10 +/- 1.6 (p=0.001) on acarbose, the corresponding values on placebo were 5.44 +/- 1.9 and 5.53 +/- 1.7. A decrease in serum triglyceride values (2.16 +/- 0.16 mmol/l to 1.76 +/- 0.15 mmol/l, p=0.02) took place on acarbose with no change on placebo. There was no change in BMI, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein values in either group. Blood pressure declined equally in both the groups, probably due to better patient compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acarbose may reduce insulin resistance and triglycerides also in obese hypertensive subjects with normal glucose tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Meir Hospital Kfar Sava and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rachmani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bar-Dayan
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ronen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Slavachevsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravid
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020909:Acarbose; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids