title: Successful pregnancies and abortions in symptomatic and asymptomatic Wilson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are only a few reports regarding the fertility and outcome of pregnancy in Wilson's disease (WD) and none from India. The authors in this study discuss various aspects of fertility in 16 women with WD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of data from a large cohort of WD, being followed at a tertiary care center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients had conceived on 59 occasions with 30 successful pregnancies, 24 spontaneous abortions, 2 medical terminations of pregnancy and 3 still births. Diagnosis of WD was established after conception in 10 presymptomatic patients while six patients were already on treatment. Among these 16 patients, 9 had history of spontaneous abortions and 12 had successful pregnancies. None of the clinical features of WD changed during pregnancy, with or without treatment. All the 30 babies were full-term and delivered healthy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent abortions are common especially in women with untreated Wilson's disease. However, successful pregnancies and uneventful full-term delivery may occur in mothers of WD on treatment and in undiagnosed, undetected presymptomatic patients. Pregnancy does not seem to have adverse effect on the clinical course of Wilson's disease. Teratogenecity was not seen in the present series with low-dose penicillamine and zinc sulphate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560 029, India.
authors.forename: Sanjib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Taly
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Prashanth
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Arunodaya
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Swamy
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome