Extracortical bone bridging in tumor endoprostheses. Radiographic and histologic analysis.
BACKGROUND
Aseptic loosening remains a major problem following prosthetic replacement after resection of periarticular tumors. Attempts to decrease the rate of loosening led to the introduction of a composite segmental prosthesis in which the shoulder of the intramedullary stem is porous-coated to allow extracortical bone bridging and bone ingrowth. The purposes of this study were to determine the extent of extracortical bone bridging around, and the amount of bone growth into, the porous-coated shoulder of endoprostheses implanted following the resection of periarticular bone tumors and to correlate the radiographic and histologic findings.


METHODS
Twenty tumor endoprostheses implanted with use of the extracortical bone-bridging technique were evaluated radiographically to determine the extent of extracortical bone and the amount of bone ingrowth. Five of these endoprostheses were retrieved and subjected to histologic analysis with backscattered electron microscopy and transmitted light microscopy to determine the extent of bone ingrowth.


RESULTS
At a mean of twenty-eight months postoperatively, varying amounts of extracortical bone formation were seen radiographically in all patients. Radiographs also appeared to show bone growth into the porous-coated segment of all implants. However, histologic analysis of the five retrieved prostheses revealed that none of the extracortical bone had actually grown into the porous-coated segment of the implant.


CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that autogenous bone-grafting of the bone-implant junction of a tumor endoprosthesis consistently results in the formation of extracortical bone. Although radiographs seemed to indicate that this bone grows into the porous coating, this was not confirmed histologically. Growth of extracortical bone into the extramedullary, porous-coated portion of tumor endoprostheses in humans may not be attainable with the current prosthetic design and surgical technique.
Tanzer
Michael
M
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, B5.159, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada. mtanz@canada.com
Turcotte
Robert
R
Harvey
Edward
E
Bobyn
J Dennis
JD
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011859:Radiography; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001672:Biocompatible Materials