title: Milnacipran and pindolol: a randomized trial of reduction of antidepressant latency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New, better tolerated and faster treatments for depression are needed. Patients are understandably unhappy with having to wait 3 to 4 weeks for a response to an antidepressant, while experiencing side effects almost immediately. This frequently has an adverse effect on compliance and engagement with treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective was to assess the activity of pindolol on the onset of antidepressive response of milnacipran. The secondary objective was to assess the number of responders among the patients who received milnacipran and pindolol versus patients who received milnacipran and placebo. The tertiary objective was to evaluate the safety of milnacipran and pindolol versus milnacipran and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study over 42 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inner city London community mental health teams.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 patients were selected and gave written consent to treatment, 78 were randomized (39 in each group) and evaluated for safety (intention-to-treat, ITT, safety data set), 77 (ITT efficacy data set), and 64 (per protocol, PP, data set) were evaluated for efficacy. The mean age was 31.9 for the pindolol group and 32.3 for the placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received milnacipran 50 mg twice a day plus either pindolol 2.5 mg (the 'pindolol group') or matching placebo (the 'placebo group') three times a day.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main efficacy variable was the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) score at days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42 on PP data set in an observation carried (OC) approach. Secondary efficacy variables were clinical global impression (global improvement) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement in MADRS total score was greater in the pindolol group than in the placebo group from day 7 (p=0.03). Responder rates in the clinical global impression were 97.2% for the pindolol group and 60.6% for the placebo group. The treatment was well tolerated with the most common side effects being nausea (28.2%; 35.9%), vomiting (7.7%; 23.1%), hot flushes (15.4%; 5.1%) and sweating (12.8%; 12.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The milnacipran and pindolol combination is safe, well tolerated and efficacious in major depression, and represents a rational strategy for the possible acceleration or potentiation of antidepressant action.
authors.affiliation: South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, Psychopharmacology Evaluation Unit, Ladywell Building, University Hospital Lewisham, London SE13 6LH, UK. misaac@stekel.demon.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tournoux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078764:Milnacipran; D010869:Pindolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010869:Pindolol; D000078764:Milnacipran