title: Influence of the chemical form on the plasma clearance of ruthenium in humans.
abstract: The radioisotopes of ruthenium (103Ru and 106Ru) are abundant fission products and represent a radiological risk for the population in case of nuclear accidents. Few biokinetic studies have been performed on humans up to now and consequently the current model recommended by ICRP for ruthenium is derived mainly by extrapolation from animal data. The stable isotope 101Ru and proton activation analysis have been used to study the biokinetics of Ru in blood plasma samples taken during 8 studies in three healthy volunteers. The results obtained demonstrated that complexed Ru (in the form of citrate Ru(IV) complexes) is cleared from blood plasma very rapidly (characteristic half time of 17+/-2 min), while inorganic Ru remains longer in the systemic circulation, and is transferred to other organs and/or excreted with a biological half time of 23+/-2h. Good reproducibility of the clearance curves indicated no evidence of inter- or intra-individual variability when the same Ru solution was injected in repeated experiments to different subjects.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Sezione di Fisica Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giussani
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cantone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Birattari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groppi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Höllriegl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds; D012428:Ruthenium