title: BH3-only protein Noxa is a mediator of hypoxic cell death induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha.
abstract: Hypoxia is a common cause of cell death and is implicated in many disease processes including stroke and chronic degenerative disorders. In response to hypoxia, cells express a variety of genes, which allow adaptation to altered metabolic demands, decreased oxygen demands, and the removal of irreversibly damaged cells. Using polymerase chain reaction-based suppression subtractive hybridization to find genes that are differentially expressed in hypoxia, we identified the BH3-only Bcl-2 family protein Noxa. Noxa is a candidate molecule mediating p53-induced apoptosis. We show that Noxa promoter responds directly to hypoxia via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha. Suppression of Noxa expression by antisense oligonucleotides rescued cells from hypoxia-induced cell death and decreased infarction volumes in an animal model of ischemia. Further, we show that reactive oxygen species and resultant cytochrome c release participate in Noxa-mediated hypoxic cell death. Altogether, our results show that Noxa is induced by HIF-1alpha and mediates hypoxic cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-Koo, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jong-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Kyoungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C498702:PMAIP1 protein, human; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors