title: [Activities of antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 medical institutions during 2000 in Japan].
abstract: A survey was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 Japanese medical institutions in 2000. A total of 25 antimicrobial agents were used, comprising 4 fluoroquinolones, 13 beta-lactams, minocycline, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin. A high resistance rate of over 85% against fluoroquinolones was exhibited by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecium. Isolates showing resistance to fluoroquinolones among methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from UTI accounted for 30-60%. However, many of the common pathogens were still susceptible to fluoroquinolones, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Moraxella catarrhalis, the Enterobacteriaceae family, and Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant isolates). About 85% of P. aeruginosa isolated from RTI were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. In conclusion, this survey of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents clearly indicated trend for increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones among MRSA, Enterococci, and P. aeruginosa isolated from UTI, although fluoroquinolones are still effective against other organisms and P. aeruginosa from RTI as has been demonstrated in previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Toho University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Keizo
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authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
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authors.lastname: Kashitani
authors.forename: Morihiro
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authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
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authors.forename: Mitsuomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaimori
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authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
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authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Yosei
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authors.lastname: Katayama
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authors.lastname: Tashiro
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authors.forename: Ritsuko
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authors.forename: Sugako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masayuki
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authors.lastname: Taminato
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authors.lastname: Negayama
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authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Hideichi
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authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
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authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Hitoshi
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authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Kazue
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authors.lastname: Minakuchi
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authors.lastname: Ishigo
authors.forename: Masahide
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authors.forename: Toshinobu
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authors.lastname: Horii
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authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Tohru
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authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Kiyoharu
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authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Naotaka
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authors.lastname: Hamazaki
authors.forename: Toshiharu
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authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Kenichi
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authors.lastname: Tatewaki
authors.forename: Kunihiko
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authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Kazufumi
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authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Tetsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichiyama
authors.forename: Zenzou
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authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: Sigeru
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authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Masao
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authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Keiichi
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authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
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authors.lastname: Kageoka
authors.forename: Toshiharu
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authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
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authors.lastname: Yamane
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D016946:Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones