title: The effect of control and self-medication of chronic gout in a developing country. Outcome after 10 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a 10 year observation of the effect of control of hyperuricemia compared with self-medication alone in patients with chronic gout.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 299 consecutively self-referred Malayo-Polynesian men with chronic gout, mean age 35 +/- 14.3 SD years. Subjects comprised 228 cases with chronic gout without tophi or urolithiasis (Group 1) and 71 with those complications (Group 2). Attacks of acute gouty arthritis were treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and/or corticosteroids. After acute arthritis had settled, urate-lowering drugs were instituted in both groups combined with low dose colchicine and/or low dose NSAID for at least 0.5-2 years. Urate levels were maintained longterm at a mean of < 5 mg/dl. After 10 years, the dropouts were traced and evaluated for comparison with baseline and those who remained in the study. In Group 2 the urate-lowering drugs were continued.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control of gout and hyperuricemia was achieved in all patients who remained under control: 91.6% of the 299 patients for at least 2 years (short-term), up to 5 years in 87.5% (medium term), and up to 10 years in 79.6% (longterm). In Group 1 (chronic gout without complication) only 36.8% had no attacks during 8 years, after they had tapered urate-lowering drug after the first 2 years of the study. In the 61 dropouts the intermittent symptomatic treatment and/or self-medication without longterm control of hyperuricemia resulted after 1 decade in chronic gout with more complications and associated conditions leading to increased morbidity, disability, and comorbidity, and 3 early mortalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By controlling hyperuricemia, improvement of the prognosis of chronic gout, comorbidity, and early death was achieved compared with self-medication alone. Self-medication in a developing country if continued unchecked may become a public health problem in a population with a high prevalence rate of gout.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Collaborating Center, Community-based Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Rheumatic Disease, Seroja Rheumatic Center, Jalan Seroja Dalam 7, Semarang 50136, Indonesia. jd131035@hotmail.com
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Darmawan
authors.forename: Johannes J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rasker
authors.forename: Hendri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nuralim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003906:Developing Countries; D006073:Gout / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007596:Joints / Q000378:metabolism*; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D011114:Polynesia / Q000208:ethnology; D012651:Self Medication; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid