title: Increased medial thalamic choline found in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder versus major depression or healthy control subjects: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurobiologic abnormalities in medial thalamus have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We previously used multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1-H MRSI) to identify localized functional neurochemical marker alterations in choline (Cho) in medial but not lateral thalamus in treatment-naïve pediatric patients with OCD compared with matched control subjects. Altered brain Cho levels have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 1-H MRSI to study absolute Cho concentrations in 18 psychotropic-naïve pediatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) not suffering from OCD, 9-17 years of age, 18 case-matched healthy control subjects, and 27 nondepressed, psychotropic-naïve pediatric patients with OCD, 7-16 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased left and right medial thalamic Cho concentrations were observed in OCD patients compared with both healthy control subjects and patients with MDD. Medial thalamic Cho concentrations did not differ significantly between patients with MDD and control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that localized functional neurochemical marker alterations in medial thalamic Cho differentiate patients with OCD from healthy control subjects and patients with MDD. Although these results must be considered preliminary, further study of the diagnostic specificity of Cho as a relevant biomarker in OCD is clearly warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lorch
authors.forename: S Preeya
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivey
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014316:Tritium; D002794:Choline