title: Risk factors for early death due to recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrence after partial liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of death from this disease. To identify risk factors for early death from recurrence after liver resection for HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 547 patients in this study had greater than 1 year of follow-up after complete resection of HCC (1980-1999) at one of the four hepatobiliary centers in Japan, France, and the United States. Patients who died of recurrence < or =1 year post-resection and all of those alive at least 1 year were compared. Survival and clinicopathological factors associated with death from recurrence within 1 year of resection were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall postoperative mortality rate was 5%. In the first postoperative year, 123 (22%) patients died. Of these, 53 (43%) died of recurrence, 30 (24%) of postoperative complications, and 40 (33%) of liver failure/hemorrhage. On multivariate analysis, tumor size greater than 5 cm (P < 0.02; odds ratio, 3.0), multiple tumors (P < 0.01; odds ratio, 3.3), and greater than 5 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (P < 0.03; odds ratio, 3) were associated with increased risk of early death due to recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings enable identification of patients with HCC who are at high risk for early death due to recurrence following potentially curative resection who might be candidates for adjuvant therapy trials.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Regimbeau
authors.forename: Eddie K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Jean Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Vauthey
authors.forename: Gregory Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lauwers
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nagorney
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikai
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belghiti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate