title: Low ghrelin concentrations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are related to insulin resistance.
abstract: Several physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including changes in body fat, food intake, and insulin resistance, are known to be associated with variations in plasma ghrelin concentrations. We tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance exerts a primary role by measuring ghrelin in 86 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition in which insulin resistance is relatively independent of obesity. Compared with 40 matched healthy subjects, patients with NAFLD had similar glucose levels and higher plasma insulin and insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-R index] by over 60%. Ghrelin was reduced (mean +/- SD, 226 +/- 72 pmol/liter in NAFLD vs. 303 +/- 123 in controls; P < 0.0001). In relation to quartiles of body mass index, ghrelin progressively decreased in controls (P = 0.003), but not in patients (P = 0.926). In relation to quartiles of HOMA-R, ghrelin decreased in both groups, and significantly correlated with HOMA-R. After adjustment for age and sex, HOMA-R was the sole factor significantly associated with low ghrelin in the whole group (odds ratio, 5.79; 95% confidence interval, 2.62-12.81; P < 0.0001) and specifically in NAFLD (2.96; 1.12-7.79; P = 0.028). The study suggests that insulin resistance is a major factor controlling ghrelin levels in subjects with and without NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Metabolic Diseases, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy. giulio.marchesini@unibo.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchesini
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pagotto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bugianesi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Iasio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Melchionda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzetto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D036361:Peptide Hormones