title: Hydroxocobalamin uptake into the cerebrospinal fluid after nasal and intravenous delivery in rats and humans.
abstract: The possibility of direct transport of hydroxocobalamin from the nasal cavity into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after nasal administration in rats was investigated and the results were compared with a human study. Hydroxocobalamin was given to rats (n=8) both intranasally (214 microg/rat) and intravenously (49.5 microg/rat) into the jugular vein using a Vascular Access Port (VAP). Prior to and after drug administration, blood and CSF samples were taken and analysed by radioimmunoassay. The AUCCSF/AUCplasma ratio after nasal delivery does not differ from the ratio after intravenous infusion, indicating that hydroxocobalamin enters the CSF via the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This same transport route is confirmed by the cumulative AUC-time profiles in CSF and plasma, demonstrating a 30 min delay between plasma absorption and CSF uptake of hydroxocobalamin in rats and in a comparative human study. The present results in rats show that there is no additional uptake of hydroxocobalamin in the CSF after nasal delivery compared to intravenous administration, which is in accordance with the results found in humans. This indicates a predictive value of the used rat model for the human situation when studying the nose to CSF transport of drugs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mascha P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Van den Berg
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merkus
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Romeijn
authors.forename: J Coos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: Frans W H M
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Merkus
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006801:Humans; D006879:Hydroxocobalamin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D006879:Hydroxocobalamin