title: Plant eR genes that encode photorespiratory enzymes confer resistance against disease.
abstract: Downy mildew caused by the oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a devastating foliar disease of cucurbits worldwide. We previously demonstrated that the wild melon line PI 124111F (PI) is highly resistant to all pathotypes of P. cubensis. That resistance was controlled genetically by two partially dominant, complementary loci. Here, we show that unlike other plant disease resistance genes, which confer an ability to resist infection by pathogens expressing corresponding avirulence genes, the resistance of PI to P. cubensis is controlled by enhanced expression of the enzymatic resistance (eR) genes At1 and At2. These constitutively expressed genes encode the photorespiratory peroxisomal enzyme proteins glyoxylate aminotransferases. The low expression of At1 and At2 in susceptible melon lines is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level. This regulation is independent of infection with the pathogen. Transgenic melon plants overexpressing either of these eR genes displayed enhanced activity of glyoxylate aminotransferases and remarkable resistance against P. cubensis. The cloned eR genes provide a new resource for developing downy mildew-resistant melon varieties.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Dvir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taler
authors.forename: Marjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galperin
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Yigal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kenigsbuch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D028463:Cucumis melo / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D000637:Transaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant; D000637:Transaminases; C023067:glyoxylate aminotransferase