title: Cyclin L2, a novel RNA polymerase II-associated cyclin, is involved in pre-mRNA splicing and induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: We report the cloning and functional characterization of human cyclin L2, a novel member of the cyclin family. Human cyclin L2 shares significant homology to cyclin L1, K, T1, T2, and C, which are involved in transcriptional regulation via phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. The cyclin L2 protein contains an N-terminal "cyclin box" and C-terminal dipeptide repeats of alternating arginines and serines, a hallmark of the SR family of splicing factors. A new isoform and the mouse homologue of human cyclin L2 have also been cloned in this study. Human cyclin L2 is expressed ubiquitously in normal human tissues and tumor cells. We show here that cyclin L2 co-localizes with splicing factors SC-35 and 9G8 within nuclear speckles and that it associates with hyperphosphorylated, but not hypophosphorylated, RNA polymerase II and CDK p110 PITSLRE kinase via its N-terminal cyclin domains. It can also associate with the SC-35 and 9G8 through its RS repeat region. Recombinant cyclin L2 protein can stimulate in vitro mRNA splicing. Overexpression of human cyclin L2 suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC 7721 cells both in vitro and in vivo, inducing cellular apoptosis. This process involves up-regulation of p53 and Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2. The data suggest that cyclin L2 represents a new member of the cyclin family, which might regulate the transcription and RNA processing of certain apoptosis-related factors, resulting in tumor cell growth inhibition and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lianjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yizhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuetao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D016213:Cyclins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C483080:CCNL2 protein, human; D016213:Cyclins; D017931:DNA Primers; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012319:RNA Polymerase II