title: Wound healing complications in closed and open calcaneal fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of serious infection in closed and open calcaneal fractures that were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) via an extensile lateral approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 1 trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of patients with calcaneal fractures treated with ORIF via an extensile lateral approach by the senior author are included. The first group contained 341 closed fractures in patients injured during the period 1994-2000. The second group included 39 open calcaneal fractures in patients injured during the period 1989-2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  The age, sex, pre-existing medical conditions, compliance history, mechanism of injury, soft tissue status, presence of serious infection, and treatment of the infection were recorded for each patient. Data were gathered by review of patient records and by telephone interview when medical records were incomplete. The rate of serious infection in the closed and open samples was determined. A literature review yielded 15 reports that contained sufficient detail to calculate the rate of serious infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of patients, 1.8% with closed fractures and 7.7% with open fractures experienced serious infections that required intervention beyond oral antibiotics. All of these feet eventually healed their incisions and fractures. The calculations from data obtained from the literature review indicate rates of serious infection of 0-20% for closed and 19-31% for open calcaneal fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When done correctly in compliant patients, ORIF for calcaneal fractures via the extensile lateral approach (which allows for restoration of calcaneal anatomy after substantial disruption) does not expose the patient to undue risk of serious infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Benirschke
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000628:therapy*; D005597:Fractures, Open / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014945:Wound Healing; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents