title: Hypertension is related to the degradation of dietary frying oils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The family kitchen resembles an uncontrolled laboratory experiment, and some discrepancies in the relation between the risk of hypertension and dietary fat may be partly due to the manipulation to which the fats were subjected.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether deterioration in the quality of the cooking oils in the family household contributes to the risk of high blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was cross-sectional. Anthropometric measurements were obtained for 1226 persons aged 18-65 y who were selected randomly from the municipal census of Pizarra, Spain. An oral-glucose-tolerance test was given to 1020 of these persons. Samples of the cooking oil being used were taken from the kitchens of a random subset of 538 persons. The concentrations of polar compounds and polymers were used as markers of the deterioration of the oils. The strength of association between variables was measured by calculating the odds ratio from logistic models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension was strongly associated with obesity and was influenced by sex, diabetes, and age. The presence of excess polar compounds in the cooking oil and the use of sunflower oil were related to the risk of hypertension, whereas the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in the serum phospholipids was negatively related to this risk. These associations remained after inclusion in the models of age, sex, obesity, and the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of hypertension is positively and independently associated with the intake of cooking oil polar compounds and inversely related to blood concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Civil (Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya), Plaza del Hospital Civil, 29009 Málaga, Spain. federico.soriguer.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriguer
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojo-Martínez
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dobarganes
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García Almeida
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esteva
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beltrán
authors.forename: M Soledad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ruiz De Adana
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gómez-Zumaquero
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Fuentes
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González-Romero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated