title: The effects of phenylephrine on pupil diameter and accommodation in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phenylephrine is used to dilate the iris through alpha-adrenergic stimulation of the iris dilator muscle. Sympathetic stimulation of the ciliary muscle is believed to be inhibitory, decreasing accommodative amplitude. Investigations in humans have suggested some loss of functional accommodation after phenylephrine. It is unclear whether this loss is due to direct action of phenylephrine on the ciliary muscle or to secondary optical factors associated with mydriasis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether phenylephrine affects Edinger-Westphal (EW)-stimulated accommodation in rhesus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time course for maximum mydriasis was determined by videographic pupillography after phenylephrine instillation in 10 normal rhesus monkeys. Static and dynamic EW-stimulated accommodative responses were studied in five iridectomized rhesus monkeys before and after phenylephrine instillation. Accommodative amplitude was measured with a Hartinger coincidence refractometer. Dynamic accommodative responses were measured with infrared photorefraction, and functions were fitted to the data to determine peak velocity versus accommodative response relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum dilated pupil diameter of 8.39 +/- 0.23 mm occurred 15 minutes after administration of phenylephrine. In iridectomized monkeys, postphenylephrine accommodative amplitudes were similar to prephenylephrine amplitudes. Dynamic analysis of the accommodative responses showed linear peak velocity versus accommodative amplitude relationships that were not statistically different before and after phenylephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  alpha-Adrenergic stimulation causes a strong pupil dilation in noniridectomized monkey eyes but does not affect EW-stimulated accommodative amplitude or dynamics in anesthetized, iridectomized rhesus monkeys.
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas 77044, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ostrin
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glasser
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; D000818:Animals; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007498:Iris / Q000601:surgery; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058646:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; D009184:Mydriatics; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D010656:Phenylephrine