title: Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the hypothesis that individuals from the general population who report childhood abuse are at increased risk of developing positive psychotic symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from a general population sample of 4045 subjects aged 18-64 years. First ever onset of positive psychotic symptoms at 2-year follow-up were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and additional clinical interviews if necessary. Childhood abuse was assessed at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline reported childhood abuse predicted development of positive psychotic symptoms associated with need for care [odds ratio (OR) = 11.5, 95% CI 2.6-51.6]. This association remained after adjustment for demographic variables, reported risk factors and presence of any lifetime psychiatric diagnosis at baseline (OR = 7.3, 95% CI 1.1-49.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that early childhood trauma increases the risk for positive psychotic symptoms. This finding fits well with recent models that suggest that early adversities may lead to psychological and biological changes that increase psychosis vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, azM/Mondriaan/Riagg/RIBW/Vijverdal Academic Centre, EURON, Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krabbendam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanssen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vollebergh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*