title: A new in vitro assay for human tumor angiogenesis: three-dimensional human tumor angiogenesis assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A human tissue-based angiogenesis assay is needed to study the biology of angiogenesis in human tumor tissue and to tailor drug selection for patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fragments of tumor tissue are embedded in fibrin gels containing medium 199, endothelial growth medium, fetal bovine serum, and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Tumor implants sprout angiogenic vessels that progressively grow into the fibrin matrix. The differential growth pattern of tumor cells and angiogenic vessels in the fibrin gel matrix separates the angiogenic vessels and the tumor stroma into independently observable regions (vessel and tumor compartments). The reproducibility of the assay was tested by using fresh tissue obtained from human tumor xenografts (IMR-32 [neuroblastoma], MDA-MB-231 [breast cancer], and LNCaP [prostate cancer]) grown in nude mice and from fresh surgical breast and thyroid cancer specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tumor fragments studied showed angiogenic sprouting into the fibrin matrix. This created an angiogenic vessel compartment, which was separate from the tumor fragment. The capillary nature of sprouting was confirmed histologically by factor VIII immunohistochemistry. The angiogenic growth fraction was >80% in all groups studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This assay may allow functional assessment of the angiogenic potential of human tumors and simultaneous evaluation of a therapeutic agent's antitumor and antiangiogenic effects by virtue of its dual-compartmental structure.
authors.affiliation: John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California, USA.
authors.forename: Seza A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gulec
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Woltering
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D005169:Factor VIII