title: Validation of a Japanese version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire in 3,763 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate a self-administered instrument for measuring functional status in Japanese-speaking rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We translated the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) into Japanese (original HAQ), and then made a tentative Japanese version of the HAQ (J-HAQ) with culturally appropriate modifications of the arising, eating, and reach category questions. The questionnaire was then administered to 3,763 RA patients (82.6% female; mean age 58.0 years; mean onset age 47.4 years; mean disease duration 10.5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This instrument showed excellent internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.927), with a mean interitem correlation of 0.60. For the arising category question, the J-HAQ asks about arising from a futon in addition to a bed because futons are still common in Japanese culture. Arising from a futon is generally more difficult for disabled individuals than is arising from a bed, so the arising score was higher in the J-HAQ (mean score 0.82) than in the original HAQ (0.48). The average scores for the eating and reach categories were virtually identical for the original HAQ and the J-HAQ, with correlation coefficients of 0.979 and 0.926, respectively. Thus, the overall disability index (average of the scores for all functional areas) was higher in the J-HAQ (0.81) than in the original HAQ (0.76), although the correlation coefficient was high (0.993). The test-retest reliability value (0.92), studied at a 1-week interval, revealed identical disability index scores measured on the 2 occasions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final version of the J-HAQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring functional status in Japanese-speaking RA patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Gurkirpal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Wako
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Urano
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Terunobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomatsu
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamatani
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires