title: Neuron-specific enolase in patients with neurocysticercosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurocysticercosis (NC) is the most frequent parasitic disease of the human nervous system. Its clinical manifestations are varied and depend on the number and location of cysts, as well as the host immune response. Symptoms in NC usually occur when cysts enter into a degenerative phase associated with perilesional inflammation. We speculate that neuron-specific enolase (NSE)--a marker of neuronal injury--could be elevated in patients with degenerating cysts comparing to those with viable cysts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined serum NSE (sNSE) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NSE (cNSE) levels in 25 patients with NC: 14 patients with degenerative cysts (D), 8 patients with viable cysts (V) and 3 patients with inactive cysts. Samples of eight normal controls (C) were also obtained. Determination of albumin was performed in serum and CSF samples, and the CSF/serum albumin ratio (albumin quotient, Q(alb)) was used to estimate the blood-brain barrier permeability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients, with the exception of one case, had five or less cysts. Comparisons between V, D and C groups did not demonstrate significant differences of cNSE, Q(alb) and sNSE levels. Further, there were no significant differences of cNSE and sNSE levels between patients with or without intracranial hypertension (ICH).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the inflammatory response associated with a relatively small number of degenerating cysts does not provoke significant neuronal damage. Further studies considering patients with a larger number of cysts will be required to assess if there is evidence of neuronal damage in such more severe cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Campus Universitário, CEP 14048-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Osvaldo Massaiti
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Takayanagui
authors.forename: Luis Vicente
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: João Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leite
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D006801:Humans; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase