title: Defining anxious depression: going beyond comorbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since publication of the DSM-IV, there remains a group of patients with depression and anxiety symptoms who are not well classified. We therefore wanted to determine more accurately the type of patients best described by the term "anxious depression." We also wanted to review the literature to assess the most appropriate treatment(s) for these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed the medical literature published after 1994 for all articles containing the relevant terms and assessed all possible articles in detail to determine those relevant to the diagnosis and those that involved relevant clinical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The term anxious depression can encompass 3 groups of patients: those with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and an anxiety disorder, those with MDD but with subthreshold anxiety symptoms, and those with subthreshold depressive and subthreshold anxiety symptoms (also called mixed anxiety and depressive disorder).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon our literature review, we believe that the term anxious depression should only be used for the second group; that is, those patients with an MDD and subthreshold anxiety symptoms. From our literature review to determine the most appropriate treatment for this group of patients, it appears likely that drugs inhibiting the reuptake of both noradrenaline and serotonin may have greater clinical utility than single-action drugs such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, it is also clear that much more research needs to be undertaken in this important patient group so that we can better understand its prevalence, clinical features, and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 1E1.07 Mackenzie Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7. peter.silverstone@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Silverstone
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Studnitz
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors