title: The E7 oncoprotein of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 enters the nucleus via a nonclassical Ran-dependent pathway.
abstract: E7, the major transforming protein of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), type 16, binds and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and the Rb-related proteins p107 and p130. HPV16 E7 is a nuclear protein lacking a classical basic nuclear localization signal. In this study we investigated the nuclear import of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein in digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells. HPV16 E7 nuclear import was independent of pRb, as an E7(DeltaDLYC) variant defective in pRb binding was imported into the nuclei of digitonin-permeabilized cells as efficiently as wild-type E7 in the presence of exogenous cytosol. Interestingly, we discovered that HPV16 E7 is imported into the nuclei via a novel pathway different from those mediated by Kap alpha2beta1 heterodimers, Kap beta1, or Kap beta2. Nuclear accumulation of E7 required Ran and was not inhibited by the RanG19V-GTP variant, an inhibitor of Kap beta mediated import pathways. Together the data suggest that HPV16 E7 translocates through the nuclear pores via a nonclassical Ran-dependent pathway, independent of the main cytosolic Kap beta import receptors.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angeline
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.forename: Junona
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moroianu
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000378:metabolism*; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D028901:alpha Karyopherins; D028961:beta Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D028901:alpha Karyopherins; D028961:beta Karyopherins; C087978:karyopherin alpha 2; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein