title: Plasma corticosterone levels as an index of the strength of illness induced taste aversions.
abstract: Data are presented which demonstrate the task generality of pituitary-adrenal changes that accompany avoidance conditioning. In two experiments a conditioned aversion to milk was established by pairing it with lithium chloride (LiCl). In Experiment 1 conditioned pituitary-adrenal activation occurred when, in a conflict situation, animals reexperienced milk that had earlier been paired with LiCl. The relationship between the strength of aversion and corticosterone levels was such that animals showing the greatest avoidance showed the largest elevations in plasma corticosterone. In Experiment 2 this behavior/steroid relationship was manipulated. Dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment on the day of conditioning was used to attenuate the conditioned aversion. Compared to saline (SAL) controls when reexposed to milk, DEX animals showed an attenuated aversion (i.e., drank more) and a smaller conditioned response (i.e., less adrenocortical activity). The reduction of conditioned elevation in corticosterone was not due to any residual effects of DEX at the time of testing (Experiment 3). Plasma levels of corticosterone represent an index for assessing the strength of illness induced conditioned taste aversions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Smotherman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D003907:Dexamethasone; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D003345:Corticosterone