title: Geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibitor GGTI-2154 induces breast carcinoma apoptosis and tumor regression in H-Ras transgenic mice.
abstract: Treatment of H-Ras transgenic mice with the geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) inhibitor GGTI-2154 results not only in halting the growth of aggressive breast tumors but actually in inducing the regression (54 +/- 3%) of all 19 tumors analyzed. The farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor FTI-2148 induced an average of 87 +/- 3% regression in the 13 tumors analyzed. GGTase I, but not FTase, is inhibited in breast tumors after treatment with GGTI-2154, whereas in tumors from mice treated with FTI-2148, only FTase is inhibited. The processing of the geranylgeranylated proteins RhoA, Rap1, and R-Ras, but not the farnesylated proteins H-Ras and HDJ-2, is inhibited in tumors obtained from mice treated with GGTI-2154. GGTI-2154 and FTI-2148 suppress constitutively activated phospho-Erk1/2 and phospho-Akt, induce apoptosis, and induce differentiation toward ductolobular breast epithelium. The data demonstrate that geranylgeranylated proteins are critical in H-Ras oncogenesis in vivo and give strong support for GGTase I as a target for anticancer drug discovery.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Jiazhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohkanda
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kothare
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Busciglio
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Saïd M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sebti
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009336:Necrosis; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C107481:DNAJA1 protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C482418:GGTI-2154; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C083291:geranylgeranyltransferase type-I; C064911:p21(ras) farnesyl-protein transferase; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C513254:Rras protein, mouse; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein