Water technology for specific water usage.
BACKGROUND
Water is the basis for life and culture. In addition to the availability of water its quality has become a major issue in industrialized areas and in developing countries as well. Water usage has to be seen as part of the hydrological cycle. As a consequence water management has to be sustainable. The aim of the contribution is to give water usage oriented quality criteria and to focus on the technical means to achieve them.


METHODS
Water is used for many purposes, ranging from drinking and irrigation to a broad variety of technical processes. Most applications need specific hygienic, chemical and/or physical properties.


RESULTS
To meet these demands separation and reaction principles are applied. The reuse of water and the application of water treatment with little or no waste and by-product formation is the way to go. Membrane separation and advanced oxidation including catalytic reactions are promising methods that apply natural processes in sustainable technical performance. Thus elimination of specific water constituents (e.g. salts and metals, microorganisms) and waste water cleaning (e.g. pollutants, nutrients and organic water) can be done efficiently.


CONCLUSIONS
Learning from nature and helping nature with appropriate technology is a convincing strategy for sustainable water management.
Frimmel
Fritz H
FH
Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Chair for Water Chemistry, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Fritz.Frimmel@ebi-wasser.uni-karlsruhe.de
D000383:Agriculture; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D013672:Technology / Q000639:trends*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
D014873:Water Pollutants