title: Phase I and correlative study of combination bryostatin 1 and vincristine in relapsed B-cell malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bryostatin 1 activates protein kinase C (PKC) with short-term exposure and results in depletion of PKC with prolonged exposure. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate synergistic activity and increased tumor apoptosis in B-cell malignancies when a prolonged infusion of bryostatin 1 is followed by vincristine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We embarked on a Phase I trial of bryostatin 1 as a 24-h continuous infusion followed by bolus vincristine in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies other than acute leukemias. Twenty-four evaluable patients were enrolled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dose-limiting toxicity was myalgia. The MTD and recommended Phase II dose of bryostatin 1 was 50 microg/m2/24 h followed by vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (maximum total dose of 2 mg) repeated every 2 weeks. Significant antitumor activity was observed in this relapsed population, including patients who had failed high-dose chemotherapy. This included 5 durable complete and partial responses and 5 patients with stable disease lasting > or =6 months (range, 6-48+ months). Median time to response was 8 months. Correlative studies demonstrated a progressive increase in serum interleukin-6 with bryostatin 1 infusion followed by an additional increase after vincristine. Flow cytometry for detection of apoptosis in B and T cells showed an initial decrease in apoptotic frequency in CD5+ cells within 6 h of bryostatin 1 infusion compatible with its known increase in PKC activity in the majority of patients followed by a return to baseline or overall increase in apoptotic frequency after completion of infusion. All (5 of 5) patients who had an overall increase in apoptotic frequency in CD5+ cells achieved either a clinical response or prolonged stable disease. Four of these 5 patients did not have the initial decrement in apoptosis at 6 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the lack of myelosuppression and early evidence of clinical efficacy, additional exploration of this regimen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program and the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. axd44@cwru.edu
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dowlati
authors.forename: Hillard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jacobberger
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitacre
authors.forename: Stanton L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gerson
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ksenich
authors.forename: Brenda W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Phyllis S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Frisa
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murgo
authors.forename: Scot C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Remick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D054713:Bryostatins; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018942:Macrolides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D054713:Bryostatins; D007783:Lactones; D018942:Macrolides; C046785:bryostatin 1; D014750:Vincristine