title: Control of mercury vapor emissions from combustion flue gas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mercury (Hg) emission from combustion flue gas is a significant environmental concern due to its toxicity and high volatility. A number of the research efforts have been carried out in the past decade exploiting mercury emission, monitoring and control from combustion flue gases. Most recently, increasing activities are focused on evaluating the behavior of mercury in coal combustion systems and developing novel Hg control technologies. This is partly due to the new regulatory requirement on mercury emissions from coal-fired combustors to be enacted under the U.S. Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The aim of this review work is to better understand the state-of-the-art technologies of flue gas mercury control and identify the gaps of knowledge hence areas for further opportunities in research and development.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper examines mercury behaviors in combustion systems through a comprehensive review of the available literature. About 70 published papers and reports were cited and studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper summarizes the mechanisms of formation of mercury containing compounds during combustion, its speciation and reaction in flue gas, as well as subsequent mobilization in the environment. It also provides a review of the current techniques designed for real-time, continuous emission monitoring (CEM) for mercury. Most importantly, current flue gas mercury control technologies are reviewed while activated carbon adsorption, a technology that offers the greatest potential for the control of gas-phase mercury emissions, is highlighted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although much progress has been achieved in the last decade, techniques developed for the monitoring and control of mercury from combustion flue gases are not yet mature and gaps in knowledge exist for further advancement. More R&D efforts are required for the effective control of Hg emissions and the main focuses are identified.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Innovation Center, Block 2, Unit 237, 18 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637723. ryan@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: David Tee
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Joo Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D017745:Incineration; D008628:Mercury / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D008628:Mercury