title: Accuracy of measurement of polyethylene wear with use of radiographs of total hip replacements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although a number of methods are used to estimate polyethylene liner wear from radiographs of total hip replacements, there is no consensus with regard to the accuracy of these methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of several such measurement methods with use of both laboratory radiographs and routine clinical radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phantom apparatus was designed to simulate random values of three-dimensional wear, with varying degrees of cup abduction and anteversion, and to obtain anteroposterior and cross-table lateral radiographs with each value. Wear was measured with use of the Charnley duoradiographic method, the Livermore method, and the method described by Dorr and Wan, as well as with use of PolyWare and Hip32 software packages, both with and without three-dimensional measurements. Clinical wear was measured from conventional radiographs made prior to revision surgery in fourteen patients and was compared with wear measured directly from the retrieved liners with use of a coordinate measuring machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With laboratory radiographs, median errors were 0.1 mm with the Livermore method and both computerized methods, 0.23 mm with the Charnley method, and 1.7 mm with the method of Dorr and Wan. Maximum errors were between 0.6 mm (Livermore) and 4.3 mm (Dorr and Wan). In contrast, with use of clinical radiographs, median errors ranged between 0.2 mm (Hip32) and 0.6 mm (Dorr and Wan). Maximum errors ranged between 1.8 mm (Dorr and Wan) and 2.5 mm (Livermore).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With laboratory radiographs, computerized methods of polyethylene wear measurement offered distinctly greater accuracy than did manual methods; however, with clinical radiographs, they offered only slightly better accuracy. Although the increased accuracy of computerized methods may be necessary in research settings, manual methods provided sufficient accuracy for routine clinical assessment of wear.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, Los Angeles Orthopaedic Hospital, 2400 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA. ebramzad@usc.edu
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ebramzadeh
authors.forename: Sophia N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sangiorgio
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lattuada
authors.forename: Joon-Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: Harry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: McKellop
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dorr
mesh_terms: D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019245:Compressive Strength; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016544:Patient Simulation; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D011336:Probability; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D020959:Polyethylene