Recurrent cardiac ischemic events early after discontinuation of short-term heparin treatment in acute coronary syndromes: results from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B and Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events (ESSENCE) studies.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether discontinuation of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment results in a clustering of cardiac ischemic events as previously observed after cessation of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.


BACKGROUND
Clinical trials in patients with ACS have shown early recurrent ischemic events after discontinuation of UFH treatment. We analyzed whether LMWH cessation also results in early ischemic recurrence events and if continuation of a fixed-dose LMWH prevents this complication.


METHODS
The combined incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization in the first seven days after discontinuation of UFH (n = 3,012), short-term enoxaparin 1 mg/kg subcutaneously twice a day (n = 2,011), and short-term enoxaparin followed by prolonged enoxaparin 60 mg subcutaneously twice a day (n = 1,075) was analyzed from the combined Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B/Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events (ESSENCE) database in a per patient analysis.


RESULTS
The cessation of both UFH and short-term enoxaparin resulted in a similar clustering of recurrent ischemic events on the first day, with an incidence of the primary end point of 2.8% in both groups. Of all recurrent events in the first week after cessation, 40% occurred in the first 24 h. The continuation of a fixed-dose enoxaparin treatment prevented this early excess, with a first day incidence of 0.4% (p < 0.0001). The TIMI risk score characteristics predicted the incidence of early rebound ischemic events.


CONCLUSIONS
There is significant clustering of recurrent ischemic events within 24 h after cessation of both short-term UFH and enoxaparin treatment, and patients should be carefully monitored during that period. This early rebound may be prevented by continuation of a fixed dose of enoxaparin.
Bijsterveld
Nick R
NR
Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Peters
Ron J G
RJ
Murphy
Sabina A
SA
Bernink
Peter J L M
PJ
Tijssen
Jan G P
JG
Cohen
Marc
M
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence
D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight