title: Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on immune changes after 2 h of intensive resistance training.
abstract: Thirty strength-trained subjects were randomized to carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) groups and lifted weights for 2 h (10 exercises, 4 sets each, 10 repetitions, with 2- to 3-min rest intervals). Subjects received 10 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1) CHO (6%) or Pla beverages during the weight training bout. Blood, saliva, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Blood cell counts were determined, and plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, and cortisol. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) by use of real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Significant but modest increases were measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, but the pattern of increase did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. The rate of decrease in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla (P = 0.463). Muscle cytokine mRNA was detected preexercise for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, and of these, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased after the 2-h weight training bout. The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) did not differ between CHO and Pla groups. In summary, CHO vs. Pla ingestion did not alter modest increases measured for plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, and muscle gene expression for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in strength-trained subjects lifting weights intensively for 2 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. niemandc@appstate.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dumke
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Utter
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Vinci
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McAnulty
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: McAnulty
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006003:Glycogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006003:Glycogen; D006854:Hydrocortisone