title: Three-year posttransplant graft survival in renal-transplant patients with graft function at 6 months receiving tacrolimus or cyclosporine microemulsion within a triple-drug regimen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Registry data can provide valuable information about possible treatment effects; however, pretreatment differences in patient characteristics may influence treatment assignment. Careful analysis must therefore be undertaken when evaluating treatment differences in the context of nonrandomized studies so that the impact of treatment selection bias is minimized.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multivariable risk factor analysis of adult patients registered in the US Renal Data System who received a primary renal allograft during 1995 to 1998 was undertaken to compare 3-year graft survival using tacrolimus or Neoral with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 9,449 patients were included (cadaveric donor n=6,011; living donor n=3,438). Patients (2,130) received tacrolimus, and 7,319 received Neoral. At 3 years posttransplant, the proportion of cadaveric donor recipients experiencing all causes of graft loss was 10.0% for tacrolimus and 10.6% for Neoral; for living donor recipients these figures were 6.5% and 6.7%, respectively (unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis). The incidence of graft failure excluding death was also similar between the two groups. With Cox proportional hazards modeling, the adjusted relative hazard of 3-year graft failure for cadaveric donor patients taking tacrolimus versus Neoral was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8-1.3), and for living-donor recipients it was 1.15 (95% CI 0.8-1.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate excellent 3-year graft survival for both cadaveric and living-donor renal-transplant patients receiving either Neoral or tacrolimus with MMF and steroids, with no significant differences between treatment groups. On the basis of these results, relative cost-effectiveness may become increasingly important in selection of tacrolimus or Neoral as primary immunosuppressant for renal-transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sherrill
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowell
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002102:Cadaver; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus