title: Prevention of brain protein and lipid oxidation elicited by a water-soluble oryzanol enzymatic extract derived from rice bran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antioxidant capacity of rice bran (RB) (due mainly to its gamma-oryzanol content) is very well known. We have recently developed a water-soluble oryzanol enzymatic extract (WSOEE), which shows a greatly increased functionality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study is the evaluation of the antioxidant potential of WSOEE in an ex vivo model to compare its protective capacity against oxidative damage by active-oxygen substances and free radicals (mainly the peroxyl radical) to biomolecules (such as proteins and lipids) with that of antioxidants, such as Trolox (a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E), melatonin, and folic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  WSOEE gamma-oryzanol content and composition were determined by HPLC. Free-radical-scavenging capacity was evaluated using the assay based on phycoerythrin fluorescence. Antioxidant capacity against hydroperoxide-caused oxidative injury to proteins and lipids was evaluated using an ex vivo model: a rat brain homogenate. The effectiveness was determined by assessing protein damage (measured as carbonyl group content by Western blot immunoassay) and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde content).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The WSOEE gamma-oryzanol composition profile was similar to that of RB (cycloartenyl, 24-methylene cycloartenyl, campesteryl, and sitosteryl ferulates), but with two major differences: WSOEE gamma-oryzanol concentration was five times higher than that of RB, and WSOEE was water soluble. WSOEE total antioxidant capacity to trap the peroxyl radical was high, and similar to that of Trolox. The capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by cumene hydroperoxide in rat brain homogenate yielded a protection similar to that of Trolox. WSOEE also showed the capacity to protect protein from oxidation phenomena in rat brain homogenate, with a behavior similar to that of melatonin. This is of particular importance, since the loss of protein function caused by oxidative modification may affect the activity of enzymes, receptors, and membrane transporters, among other functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WSOEE is a new potential antioxidant agent from rice bran that shows a high free-radical-scavenging capacity and prevents protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation when cells ex vivo are exposed to free radicals.
authors.affiliation: Dept. de Bioquimica, Bromatologia y Toxicologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parrado
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miramontes
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jover
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angeles Mejias
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collantes De Teran
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Absi
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bautista
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012275:Oryza; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D016877:Oxidants; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; C007164:cumene hydroperoxide; C013172:gamma-oryzanol