title: Studies on the toxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, methanol and glycerol to loach (Misgurnus fossilis) sperm and the effect on subsequent embryo development.
abstract: The process of sperm cryopreservation consists of several steps: equilibration of sperm in cryoprotectant medium, freezing of sperm to subzero temperatures, low temperature storage and thawing of the sperm suspension. It has been shown that cryopreservation can cause some damage to the genetic material of cells although the mechanism and significance of these changes are still unknown. The aim of this work was to study the effect of cryoprotectant equilibration process on genetic damage of Loach (Misgurnus fossilis) sperm, using embryo survival as an indicator. Decrease in embryo survival after the 20th stage is generally believed to result from the failure in the genome function of embryos. In the first set of the experiments, Loach sperm were equilibrated in cryoprotectants Me2SO, ethylene glycol, methanol and glycerol (0.6, 1.2, 2.5 M) for 60 min at 10 degree C. The effect of cryoprotectant equilibration on sperm was evaluated based on the survival of embryos derived from cryoprotectant treated sperm. Embryo survival was evaluated at the following stages: 7th, 14th, 17th, 20th, 23rd, 26th, 31st, 34th, 35th, 36th and 37th. Cryoprotectants at concentrations greater than 1.2 M had significant effect on the survival of the embryos after the 20th stage. The effect of glycerol was the most significant with 64.8 +/- 2.4% of embryos survival compared to 77.0 +/- 2.4% for control. Me2SO treatment also effects embryo survival significantly. Possible mechanisms of the genetic instability of cryoprotectants are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Luton Institute of Research in the Applied Natural Sciences, University of Luton, The Spires, 2 Adelaide Street, Luton, LU1 5DU, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopeika
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kopeika
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003531:Cypriniformes / Q000196:embryology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000633:toxicity; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000633:toxicity; D033661:Oocysts / Q000187:drug effects*; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005990:Glycerol; D000432:Methanol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide