title: p73: in silico evidence for a putative third promoter region.
abstract: The TP73 gene, first identified in 1997, encodes the p73 protein, a p53 tumour suppressor homologue. The lack of mutations in the TP73 gene in cancers and the developmentally abnormal phenotype of the TP73 knockout mouse suggest a different function for TP73 gene derived proteins. An alternative promoter in the third intron of the TP73 gene, which produces a transcription deficient and dominant negative protein (DeltaNp73), produces increased complexity in the function of p73 proteins. Functional studies of transcriptionally active (TAp73; regulated by the first promoter) and DeltaNp73 (regulated by the second promoter) show that the TP73 gene encodes both a candidate tumour suppressor (TAp73) and an oncogene (DeltaNp73), with pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic properties, respectively. This "two in one" gene architecture leads us to make an in silico search for other probable promoter regions and transcription start sites in different introns of the TP73 gene. To identify such regulatory regions, we have analysed the genomic structure of human and mouse TP73 genes. We have found introns 1 and 4 to be extremely large and relatively conserved in size in mouse and human, in addition to intron 3, which includes the DeltaNp73 promoter. We have further characterized these introns by transcription factor binding motifs, transcription initiation sites, open reading frames, and splicing using six programs that can successfully identify the already characterized promoters. Our results suggest the presence of a candidate 2 kbp genomic DNA in the first intron of human TP73 gene, harbouring 2 putative promoter regions, together with a similar region within intron 1 of the mouse gene.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
authors.forename: A Emre
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sayan
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melino
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; C000606368:Trp73 protein, mouse; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C000606369:delta Np73 protein, human; D004247:DNA