Changing paradigms in dermatology: nuclear hormone receptors.
Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are a family of proteins that function similarly as nuclear transcription factors. The NHR family includes glucocorticoid receptors, retinoic acid and retinoid receptors, vitamin D receptors, thyroxin receptors, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors. These proteins are targets for some of the most commonly prescribed medications in dermatology, including corticosteroids, retinoids, and vitamin D analogues, all of which have limiting side effects. Advances in this field have led to better understanding of the mechanisms of NHR therapeutic and toxic effects, receptor subtypes, tissue distribution, and interaction with other molecules. New generations of more specific NHR ligands designed to increase therapeutic efficacy and limit adverse effects have dramatically expanded the clinical application of NHR-targeting drugs. The current understanding of NHRs and future directions for NHR ligands in dermatology are discussed.
Winterfield
Laura
L
Department of Dermatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390-7208, USA. lwinterfield@hotmail.com
Cather
Jennifer
J
Cather
John
J
Menter
Alan
A
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003880:Dermatology / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000187:drug effects*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012176:Retinoids; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002762:Cholecalciferol