Brain natriuretic peptide predicts right heart failure in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
BACKGROUND
Plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are increased in patients with left heart failure. In patients with severe pulmonary embolism (PE), primary right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is frequent. Little is known about BNP secretion in acute RV failure.


METHODS
We prospectively studied 50 consecutive patients with confirmed PE (age range, 57 +/- 19 years; 36 men). PE was confirmed with pulmonary angiography, spiral computed tomography, or echocardiography and subsidiary analyses. On admission, echocardiography and BNP measurements were performed in all patients.


RESULTS
Patients without RV dysfunction had significantly lower BNP levels than patients with RV dysfunction (55 +/- 69 pg/mL vs 340 +/- 362 pg/mL, P <.001). There was a significant correlation between RV end-diastolic diameter and BNP (r = 0.43, P <.05). BNP discriminated patients with or without RV dysfunction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92). A BNP >90 pg/mL was associated with a risk ratio of 28.4 (95% CI, 3.22-251.12) for the diagnosis of RV dysfunction. All patients without LV systolic dysfunction who had syncope necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation had normal BNP levels. Patients with RV dysfunction had significantly more in-hospital complications (cardiogenic shock, inotropic therapy, mechanical ventilation). However, BNP levels were not predictive of mortality or in-hospital complications.


CONCLUSIONS
BNP levels are frequently increased in patients with PE who have RV dysfunction, whereas patients without RV dysfunction show reference range BNP levels in the absence of left ventricular dysfunction. In acute PE, BNP elevation is highly predictive of RV dysfunction, but not of in-hospital complications and mortality.
Krüger
Stefan
S
Medical Clinic I, University Hospital, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany.
Graf
Jürgen
J
Merx
Marc W
MW
Koch
Karl Christian
KC
Kunz
Dagmar
D
Hanrath
Peter
P
Janssens
Uwe
U
D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012372:ROC Curve; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology
D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain