title: Effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on human myeloma cells.
abstract: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural oxidative metabolite of Vitamin A (retinol) and is known to be a regulator of cell proliferation differentiation, especially in various malignant cells. The cyto-differentiating action of ATRA has led to its usage in the treatment of several malignancies, particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). There have been many reports regarding the cell biological effects of ATRA on human myeloma cells and a few clinical trials. Most of these reports have revealed growth inhibition by ATRA mediated by down-regulation of the IL-6/IL-6R auto/paracrine loop, and upregulation of p21/Cip1. Here, we review previous reports and introduce experimental results obtained using various myeloma cell lines established in our laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan. takemi@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takemi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Tamayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatayama
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyodoh
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D014212:Tretinoin