title: Folate, vitamin B6, and B12 intakes in relation to risk of stroke among men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Folate, vitamin B6, and B12 deficiency are related to elevated blood homocysteine level. However, the effects of intakes of these vitamins on risk of stroke are still uncertain. This study examines intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and B12 in relation to risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 43 732 men, aged 40 to 75 years, who were free of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at baseline. Participants were followed from 1986 to 2000. Dietary information was assessed every 4 years using a detailed and validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The main outcome measures were incident ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 725 incident strokes, including 455 ischemic, 125 hemorrhagic, and 145 unknown types of stroke, were documented during the 14-year follow-up. After adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary factors, intake of folate was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke. The multivariate relative risk of ischemic stroke was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.96; P for trend=0.05) for men in the highest quintile of intake compared with those who in the lowest quintile. Intake of vitamin B12, but not B6, was also inversely associated with risk of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that increased folate intake is associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass, USA. kahe@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Ka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.forename: Bernard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Meir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ascherio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005492:Folic Acid; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D025101:Vitamin B 6
chemical_list: D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12