title: Impact of barotrauma on acute and late angiographic and clinical outcomes following angioplasty and beta-irradiation of coronary in-stent restenotic lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the impact of different degrees of vessel barotrauma on the acute and 1-year clinical and angiographic outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and adjunctive vascular brachytherapy (VBT) with 90Sr/90Y for in-stent restenotic lesions (ISR) in 118 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty consecutive patients were treated according to an aggressive PCI strategy (group 1); fifty-eight were treated non-aggressively (group 2). Irradiation was performed with a manual afterloader. Clinical and angiographic baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Group 1 yielded a higher acute lumen gain (2.3 +/- 1.2 mm versus 1.7 +/- 1.3 mm; p=0.005) and a higher prevalence of additional stent implantation (48.3% versus 22.4%; p=0.003). At follow-up, net gain (1.8 +/- 0.7 mm versus 1.4 +/- 0.8 mm; p=0.102) was equalized by a higher late loss in group 1 (0.6 +/- 0.8 mm versus 0.3 +/- 0.7 mm; p=0.036). Remaining target vessel late loss, due to edge effects, was considerably higher in group 1 than in group 2 (0.5 +/- 0.8 mm versus 0.2 +/- 0.5 mm; p<0.001), leading to a higher rate of binary angiographic restenosis (23.3% versus 6.9%; p=0.013) and target vessel revascularization (16.7% versus 5.2%; p=0.046). After excluding patients who received additional stents, the angiographic differences between groups were attenuated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study does not support the use of oversized balloons and high inflation pressures for the treatment of ISR when combined with VBT. Additional stent implantation combined with VBT carries a high risk of repeat revascularization in the setting of ISR and should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Medizinische Poliklinik Innenstadt, University Hospital, Munich, Germany. Thomas.Schiele@medinn.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Schiele
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rieber
authors.forename: Flovian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krötz
authors.forename: Hae-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kantlehner
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pöllinger
authors.forename: Eckhart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dühmke
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klauss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods*; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome