Cannabis, cannabinoids and reproduction.
In most countries Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug. Its use during pregnancy in developed nations is estimated to be approximately 10%. Recent evidence suggests that the endogenous cannabinoid system, now consisting of two receptors and multiple endocannabinoid ligands, may also play an important role in the maintenance and regulation of early pregnancy and fertility. The purpose of this review is therefore twofold, to examine the impact that cannabis use may have on fertility and reproduction, and to review the potential role of the endocannabinoid system in hormonal regulation, embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy.
Park
Boram
B
Department of Pharmacology and Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
McPartland
John M
JM
Glass
Michelle
M
D000818:Animals; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002186:Cannabinoids; D016207:Cytokines; D006728:Hormones; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid