title: Swertia chirayita mediated modulation of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in arthritic mice.
abstract: The effect of aqueous extract of Swertia chirayita stem on the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance in primary joint synovium of adjuvant-induced arthritic mice has been studied. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was found elevated in the joint synovium of arthritic mice in comparison to normal joints. Administration of S. chirayita extract in varying doses through the oral route did not modulate the proinflammatory cytokines on day 2. In contrast, by day 12, a dose dependent (0, 11.86 and 23.72 mg/kg body weight) reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (INF-alpha) interleukin-1beta, (IL-beta) and interferon-gamma, (IFN-gamma) and elevation of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was observed in the joint homogenates of arthritic mice. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was not down regulated in joint homogenate of arthritic mice at the dose 11.86 mg/kg but at higher doses (23.72 and 35.58 mg/kg) significant reduction was observed. The aqueous extract was found to possess two polar compounds, amerogentin and mangiferin but was devoid of swerchirin, chiratol, methyl swetianin, and swertanone. Mangiferin has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory property and we presume its presence in the aqueous extract of S. chirayita is responsible for reducing TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IFN-gamma and/or elevating IL-10 in the joint homogenates of arthritic mice on day 12. This study will help in our understanding of the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of S. chirayita in the light of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance.
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: I V M L R Sirish
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Bhola Nath
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asthana
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Shanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: Govinda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D029967:Swertia; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma