title: Hedgehog signaling is required for the differentiation of ES cells into neurectoderm.
abstract: Mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate in vitro into cells of the nervous system, neurons and glia. This differentiation mimics stages observed in vivo, including the generation of primitive ectoderm and neurectoderm in embryoid body culture. We demonstrate here that embryonic stem cell lines mutant for components of the Hedgehog signaling cascade are deficient at generating neurectoderm-containing embryoid bodies. The embryoid bodies derived from mutant cells are also unable to respond to retinoic acid treatment by producing nestin-positive neural stem cells, a response observed in cultures of heterozygous cells, and contain cores apparently arrested at the primitive ectoderm stage. The mutant cultures are also deficient in their capacity to differentiate into mature neurons and glia. These data are consistent with a role for Hedgehog signaling in generating neurectoderm capable of producing the appropriate neuronal and glial progenitors in ES cell culture.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maye
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Henrike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siemen
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carpentino
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grabel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002678:Chimera / Q000502:physiology; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000502:physiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014212:Tretinoin
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014212:Tretinoin