title: Conversion of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the incidence and causes of conversion from a laparoscopic to an open gastric bypass for morbid obesity, we reviewed the experience of our bariatric center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of the records of consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at our center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 1,236 consecutive patients with body mass indes (BMI) from 35 to 82 were approached laparoscopically. In 97%, bypasses were completed laparoscopically and in 3% (40 patients), a conversion was required to complete the procedure. Older age and male sex were greater in the converted group, whereas BMI was not different nor was the proportion of super obese patients. The cause of conversion was technical in 80%, bleeding in 10%, and a massive liver in 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our risk of conversion was generally low, but increased in older patients and males. In 33% of patients, conversions could have been avoided with technical lessons learned by experience.
authors.affiliation: California Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Fresno, CA 93710, USA. elfelixmd@aol.com
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies