title: Risk factors and prevalence of injuries in horses during various types of steeplechase races.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the types of injuries sustained by horses that competed in steeplechase races and determine the prevalence of and risk factors for those injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,680 horses that competed in various types of steeplechase races from 1996 through 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding races; environment; equipment problems; the number of horses that entered, started, and finished races; the number of riders that fell; and the number of horses that were slowed or stopped by the rider, ran off the course, fell, and sustained injuries or physical abnormalities during races were collected on a standard form by the official veterinarian who attended each meet. Data from all meets were not recorded; however, in recorded meets, data from every race were reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data for 197 hurdle, 65 timber, 76 flat, and 8 mixed races were recorded. Nine (3.4/1,000 horses that started in races) horses died or were euthanatized, and 7 of those were associated with catastrophic musculoskeletal injury. Seven fractures were recorded. Four fractures involved forelimbs, 1 involved a hind limb, and 2 involved the cervical portion of the vertebral column. All horses with fractures were euthanatized. Deep or hard course conditions were associated with an increased risk of breakdown injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful development and implementation of strategies to prevent injuries and death in horses in steeplechase races depend on a clear understanding of the types and prevalence of injuries involved and risk factors associated with those injuries.
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Stephen
authors.forename: Nathaniel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: R Reynolds
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cowles
authors.forename: Kevin T T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Corley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D005552:Forelimb / Q000293:injuries; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000293:injuries*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports; D014768:Virginia / Q000453:epidemiology