title: Embryo transfer: hysteroscopic assessment of transfer catheter effects on the endometrium.
abstract: So far as is known, this is the first series to report the effects of embryo transfers on endometrial integrity as assessed by direct hysteroscopic visualization. Subjects (n = 30) were patients of reproductive age undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy. A mock embryo transfer was performed by a single clinician, immediately followed by saline hysteroscopy using a 2.7 mm hysteroscope. Hegar dilators or uterine sounds were not used. Representative video clips were recorded for independent assessment of endometrial integrity. (The movie sequence may be purchased for viewing on the internet at www.rbmonline.com/Article/1040; it is free to web subscribers.) Outcomes measured were ease of transfer (easy, moderate, difficult, very difficult) and details of the transfer technique. Endometrial damage was independently assessed and graded as follows: none, minor, moderate or severe. Of the easy transfers, 54% showed no endometrial damage. However, there 37% showed moderate to severe damage in the easy transfer group. Of the moderately difficult transfers, there was no clear association between perceived difficulty of transfer and amount of endometrial damage. Clinical perception of ease of transfer does not correlate well with the degree of endometrial disruption (P = 0.41). Use of hysteroscopy offers a unique insight into the effects of embryo transfer on endometrial integrity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton 3186, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Luk
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rombauts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy