title: Changes in PKA activity and Gs alpha and Golf alpha levels after amphetamine- and cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization.
abstract: Neuroadaptations in the cAMP signal transduction system have been proposed to play a critical role in psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization. Studies relevant to this hypothesis have provided conflicting evidence, however, because repeated cocaine and amphetamine treatment has been alternately reported to either increase or decrease protein kinase A (PKA) activity in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum. In an attempt to reconcile these disparate findings, PKA activity and the stimulatory G-protein subunits, G(salpha) and G(olfalpha), were measured after rats had received a sensitization-inducing regimen of amphetamine or cocaine. Results showed that seven consecutive daily injections of amphetamine or cocaine produced locomotor sensitization and caused a reduction in accumbal PKA activity. A challenge injection of amphetamine on the test day also reduced dorsal striatal PKA activity. G(salpha) levels were unaffected by psychostimulant exposure, while G(olfalpha) levels in the nucleus accumbens declined significantly after amphetamine or cocaine pretreatment. Because repeated amphetamine and cocaine treatment both induced behavioral sensitization and decreased accumbal PKA activity, it appears that psychostimulant-induced increases in PKA activity are not necessary for the ultimate expression of behavioral sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA. ccrawford@csusb.edu
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Fiona Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kohutek
authors.forename: Shelly T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Sanders A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McDougall
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000378:metabolism*; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; C084618:olfactory G protein subunit alpha olf; D000661:Amphetamine; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D003042:Cocaine