title: EMMC process for combined removal of organics, nitrogen and an odor producing substance.
abstract: In order to improve the process performance regarding the removal of organics, nitrogen, and an odor-causing compound (sulfide) contained in domestic wastewater, an entrapped-mixed-microbial cell (EMMC) with and without humic substances for both fixed and moving carrier reactors and conventional suspended growth culture (i.e. conventional activated sludge process) were investigated simultaneously. Both synthetic (simulated to the organics concentration of general domestic sewage) and actual domestic wastewater were investigated under operational conditions of 12 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) with 1 h of aeration and 1 h of non-aeration, and 6 h of HRT with continuous aeration, at a room temperature of 25 +/- 2 degrees C. It was found that entrapping humic substances in the EMMC carriers had no impact on the removal of organics, nitrogen, and the odor-producing compound. Additionally, the performance of the EMMC moving carrier system for the removal of these pollutants is similar to that of the EMMC fixed carrier system. In general, the EMMC associated systems which provide high solids retention time achieve a better removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and the odor-producing substance than the suspended growth system for both HRTs of 6 h (continuous aeration) and 12 h (1 h of aeration and 1 h of non-aeration). Both the fixed and moving carrier EMMC processes, therefore, have the potential for improvement or replacement of the existing conventional activated sludge process with regard to improving the effluent qualities (such as COD, nitrogen and odor-producing compound) for reuse/disposal.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program of Biosystems Engineering, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Biosystems Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. pingyi@hawali.edu
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D019149:Bioreactors; D006801:Humans; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry; D009812:Odorants; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000641:Ammonia