title: A survey on exposure level, health status, and biomarkers in workers exposed to 1-bromopropane.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects of exposure mainly to 1-bromopropane, which is an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, and to establish biomarkers for assessing 1-bromopropane exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four female and 13 male workers of a 1-bromopropane-factory were interviewed, and their urine and blood samples were collected. Measured parameters included 1-bromopropane levels in the factory, as well as individual exposure levels, urinary 1-bromopropane levels, enzymatic activity and M subunit's concentration of serum creatine kinase (CK).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequent symptoms reported by workers exposed to 1-bromopropane were nose, throat, and eyes irritation or malaise and/or headache. Urinary 1-bromopropane levels correlated significantly with individual exposure levels, but enzymatic activity or CK-M subunit did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The symptoms suggested irritation of the mucous membrane and possible adverse effects on the central nervous system. There were no severe chronic symptoms suggestive of neurological damage in workers exposed to less than 170 ppm. Urinary 1-bromopropane level may be a good indicator of exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:63-75, 2004.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. gak@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xuncheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Simeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hailan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itohara
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kato
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanefusa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002617:Chemical Industry; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012997:Solvents; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form; C118559:1-bromopropane