title: The utility of apical anterior horn biopsies in prostate cancer detection.
abstract: We sought to determine the utility of adding apical anterior horn biopsies to systematic prostate sampling regimens in detecting cancer in men with measured prostate volume < or =50 cc. We reviewed the biopsy data of consecutive men referred for an abnormal digital rectal exam or PSA elevation > or =4.0 ng/mL. All of these patients underwent lesion directed biopsy as well as a systematic 12-core biopsy regimen consisting of the standard sextant, bilateral lateral mid- and lateral base-sites, and bilateral apical anterior horn sites. Overall cancer detection and unique cancer detection rates were calculated for each of the 12 sites, stratified by race, age, PSA, and findings on digital rectal exam. In addition, cancer detection rates of various biopsy schemes were calculated and compared. There were 255 men undergoing biopsy who had calculated prostate volume < or =50 cc, and the prostate cancer detection rate was 47%. The overall cancer detection rate of apical anterior horn biopsies ranged between 29% and 56%. The utility of these biopsies was greatest in men with normal rectal exam and PSA <10 ng/mL, with unique cancer detection rates of 6% and 4%, respectively. Including the apical anterior horn biopsies in an 8-biopsy scheme (anterior, apex, lateral mid, lateral base) yielded cancer detection rates greater than 91% in all subgroups that were not statistically different from extended 10- and 12-core biopsy regimens. Apical anterior horn prostate biopsies target cancers that are potentially in the anterior region of the prostate, a region under-sampled using traditional schemes. The use of these biopsies as part of an 8-core biopsy pattern provides high cancer detection in all groups of patients and may represent a new standard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. mmeng@urol.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Maxwell V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Presti
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome