title: Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus-1 keratitis using Giemsa stain, immunofluorescence assay, and polymerase chain reaction assay on corneal scrapings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate three tests used routinely for the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Corneal scrapings from 28 patients with clinically typical dendritic corneal ulcer suggestive of HSV keratitis, and 30 patients with clinically non-viral corneal ulcers, were tested by (i) Giemsa stain for multinucleated giant cells, (ii) immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for HSV-1 antigen, and (iii) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV-1 DNA, by investigators masked to clinical diagnosis. The control subjects were also investigated by smears and cultures for bacteria, fungus, and Acanthamoeba.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specificity and positive predictive values of all three tests for the diagnosis of HSV keratitis were between 95-100%. The sensitivity of IFA and PCR was 78.6% and 81.2%, respectively, and the difference was not significant; however, their sensitivity and negative predictive value were significantly higher than Giemsa stain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While a combination of IFA and PCR constitute the choice of tests in clinically suspected cases of HSV keratitis, multinucleated giant cells in Giemsa stain can pre-empt testing by IFA and PCR in otherwise atypical cases of HSV keratitis.
authors.affiliation: Jhaveri Microbiology Center, Professor Brien Holden Eye Research Center, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, LV Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500-034, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farhatullah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Athmanathan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001399:Azure Stains; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001399:Azure Stains; D004279:DNA, Viral