title: Protection of trocar sites from gallbladder cancer implantation by sodium hyaluronate carboxymethylcellulose-based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) in a murine model [corrected].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk of port site metastasis in laparoscopic surgery for cancer patients is a problem that has yet to be resolved. We examined the protective effect of a sodium hyaluronate-based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) on tumor cell implantation at laparoscopic trocar sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four 2-mm trocar sites were created in nude mice, and the peritoneal wounds were covered with different-sized pieces of Seprafilm. The protective effect of Seprafilm on the implantation of GB-d1 (a human gallbladder cancer cell line) at the trocar sites was assessed after 7 days. In addition, the effects of sodium hyaluronate and Seprafilm on the growth and motility of GB-d1 were examined in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seprafilm significantly decreased the incidence of implantation compared with the control group. Histologically, Seprafilm was observed on days 1 and 3, as a sheet of gel that covered the injured peritoneum and muscle layer. In an invasion assay using Seprafilm, no cells were found to infiltrate through the gel sheet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seprafilm protects peritoneal wounds by physically covering the injured peritoneum. Therefore, if Seprafilm were attached to the injured peritoneum after laparoscopic surgery for cancer patients, it might reduce port site metastasis.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan. takamitu@fc4.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C118198:Seprafilm; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium