title: Association of nitrate use with risk of new radiographic features of hip osteoarthritis in elderly white women: the study of osteoporotic fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between nitrate medication use and the development of new radiographic findings of hip osteoarthritis (OA) in elderly women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic radiographs were obtained at baseline and a mean of 8.3 years later in 5,987 women, age > or =65 years at the baseline examination of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Atlas-standardized individual radiographic features (IRFs) of OA were assessed and minimal joint space was measured on paired films. New radiographic findings of hip OA were defined as the development in hips free of these findings at baseline: 1) joint space narrowing (JSN), which consisted of either a MJS < or =1.5 mm or an IRF score indicating lateral JSN > or =2 or medial JSN > or =3; 2) an IRF score for osteophytes of > or =2 in any location; or 3) a summary grade of 2 or more (at least 2 IRFs present). Nitrate use was recorded by interview at years 6 and 8. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association of nitrate use with new radiographic findings of hip OA, adjusting for age, weight, height, bone mineral density, and estrogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with no reported use of nitrates, we found significant associations between use of nitrates at 1 clinic visit and new JSN (odds ratio [OR] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.18-3.17, P = 0.009), new osteophyte formation (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.03-2.88, P = 0.04), and any new radiographic finding of hip OA or total hip arthroplasty for OA (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.16-2.52, P = 0.007). Any nitrate use was associated with an increased risk of developing summary grade 3 or greater hip OA (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.31, P = 0.041), but not with any other incident findings of OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older women using nitrates may have an increased risk of developing new radiographic findings of hip OA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Box 0868, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. nelane@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Yun-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nevitt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005096:Exostoses / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009566:Nitrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors