The development of subjective group dynamics: children's judgments of normative and deviant in-group and out-group individuals.
A developmental model of subjective group dynamics suggests that social identity is sustained first by intergroup biases and later by intragroup biases. In this study 476 English children 5 to 11 years old evaluated the English and German soccer teams, and judged in-group or out-group members whose attitudes toward the teams was normative versus antinormative. Children of all ages expressed intergroup bias. Differential evaluation against in-group deviants and in favor of out-group deviants strengthened with age. Understanding of targets' relative acceptability (differential inclusion) among in-group and out-group members mediated the effects of age and intergroup bias on intragroup bias. Identification with the in-group moderated the effects only among older children.
Abrams
Dominic
D
Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK. D.Abrams@kent.ac.uk
Rutland
Adam
A
Cameron
Lindsey
L
D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D010553:Personality Development; D011287:Prejudice; D012916:Soccer / Q000523:psychology; D012925:Social Conformity; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception