title: Establishing insulin 1 and insulin 2 knockout congenic strains on NOD genetic background.
abstract: As insulin is a major autoantigen in autoimmune diabetes and because the insulin gene region locus in humans has been linked to diabetes risk, we have bred insulin gene knockouts onto the NOD mouse. Mice differ from humans in terms that they express two nonallelic genes of insulin. Insulin 2 is the murine homologue of the human insulin gene and is located on mouse chromosome 7. Insulin 1 is thought to have evolved by a gene duplication event, lacks the second intron of the insulin 2 gene, and is located on mouse chromosome 19. The differential thymic expression of the insulin gene may be important for central tolerance induction. Here, we present the initial establishment of congenic knockouts and characterization of the congenic intervals corresponding to insulin 1 and insulin 2 knockout genes on mouse chromosome 19 and 7, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paronen
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abiru
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sikora
authors.forename: Evie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Melanitou
authors.forename: Sunanda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eisenbarth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007328:Insulin