title: Three novel mutations in Japanese patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study analyzed the mutation of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) in 36 unrelated Japanese patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  All the exons of the functional CYP21 gene (CYP21A2) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apparent gene deletions and conversions were present in 23.6% of the 72 CAH alleles, in which the most frequent mutation was the IVS2-13 A/C>G (27.8%), followed by I172N (26.3%), consistent with the frequencies reported for other countries. Previously described mutations were not present in three unrelated cases. Sequence analysis of the complete functional CYP21A2 gene revealed three, not yet described mutations that represent a common pseudogene sequence. These three putative novel mutations are located in exon 1 (M1I), in exon 5 (1210-1211insT), and in exon 3 (R124H).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we have identified three putative novel mutations. It remains to be determined whether these three mutations are responsible for the significant number of as yet uncharacterized CAH patients in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Kyoto National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. tusui@kyotolan.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Kahoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishisho
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikuno
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorifuji
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimatsu
mesh_terms: D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; D012083:Renin