title: Force generation by cellular motors.
abstract: Cell motility processes in non-muscle cells depend on the activity of motor proteins that bind to either microtubules or actin filaments. From presently available data it must be concluded that the driving force is generated by transient interaction of the respective motors with microtubules or actin filaments which then activates the binding and hydrolysis of ATP. This reaction results in an abrupt discharge of the motor molecule, the direction of which is determined by the spatial orientation of its binding to the helical and polar vehicle. The latter is thereby propelled in its length direction and simultaneously undergoes an axial rotation, while the expelled motor exerts an oppositely directed current in the surrounding fluid, comparable to jet propulsion. Force production, propulsion velocities and energy requirements known from in vitro studies comply with those derived from the theory. The theory opens new ways for the understanding of cellular activities such as particle transport, mitosis and morphodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wanka
authors.forename: Everardus J J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Van Zoelen
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003285:Contractile Proteins; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate