title: Ultrasonic backscatter of the carotid wall in young and older athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of habitual exercise on the age-related changes of carotid wall composition defining its acoustic reflectivity by the quantitative approach of integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four competitive long-distance runners (males, age range 22-72 years) and 50 healthy sedentary controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the subjects underwent both 2-D conventional ultrasonography and IBS analysis. IBS values were sampled from a region of interest (ROI) placed within five consecutive regions of the common carotid intima-media, and then corrected (C-IBS) for the IBS value of the adventitia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Athletes showed a lower C-IBS (-27.07 +/- 2.9 dB vs. -24.57 +/- 4 dB, P < 0.0001) and a smaller intima-media thickness (IMT: 0.64 +/- 0.16 mm vs. 0.78 +/- 0.21 mm, P < 0.001) respect to sedentary controls. By selecting the lowest (<30 years of age) and the highest (>60 years of age) tertile of age, we assess the influence of age on IMT and IBS. Sedentary older individuals exhibited an IMT higher respect to young controls and to the both trained subgroups (P < 0.0001). C-IBS was lower in both subgroups of athletes, independently of age, and lower in sedentary young people respect to sedentary older subgroup (P < 0.0001). Endurance chronic exercise blunted the difference of C-IBS observed between young and older sedentary individuals. Moreover, C-IBS was positively related to age (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001) and IMT (r = 0.52, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The age-related changes of the arterial wall are attenuated by physical training. These modifications can be quantitatively discriminated by ultrasonic backscatter method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franzoni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galetta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cupisti
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Femia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pentimone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography