Long term results of percutaneous balloon valvoplasty of congenital aortic stenosis: independent predictors of outcome.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate long term results and independent predictors of outcome of aortic valvoplasty.


METHODS
Retrospective follow up study. Independent predictors of outcome identified by multiple logistic regression.


METHODS
Tertiary referral centre.


METHODS
269 consecutive patients treated at the median age of 8 months (0-23 years): 80 (30%) under 4 weeks, 59 (22%) between 4 weeks and 1 year, and 130 (48%) over 1 year. The follow up period was up to 14.8 years (median 5.3, in survivors 6.4 years).


METHODS
Percutaneous balloon valvoplasty with mean (SD) balloon to annulus ratio 0.97 (0.08).


METHODS
Restenosis > or = 70 mm Hg, grade 3 aortic insufficiency, cusps disruption, surgery, death, and valvoplasty failure (significant restenosis or insufficiency or surgery or death).


RESULTS
The mortality rate was 10.4% (n = 28), the restenosis rate was 16.7% (n = 45), significant insufficiency developed in 22.3% (n = 60), surgery was needed in 20.1% (n = 54), and "valvoplasty failure" occurred in 41.6% (n = 112) patients. Mean (SEM) survival probability 14.4 years after the procedure was 0.89 (0.02) and mean (SEM) probability of surgery-free survival was 0.50 (0.08). The independent predictors were as follows. For restenosis: small aortic annulus; for cusp disruption: large aortic annulus; for insufficiency: bicuspid aortic valve; for need for surgery: bicuspid aortic valve; for death: small aortic annulus, low left ventricular shortening fraction, and low sequential number of the valvoplasty; and for valvoplasty failure: small aortic annulus, bicuspid aortic valve, and high grade of mitral insufficiency.


CONCLUSIONS
Independent predictors of unfavourable outcome are small aortic annulus, bicuspid aortic valve, poor function of left ventricle or mitral valve, and limited operator experience.
Reich
O
O
Kardiocentrum, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. oleg.reich@lfmotol.cuni.cz
Tax
P
P
Marek
J
J
Rázek
V
V
Gilík
J
J
Tomek
V
V
Chaloupecký
V
V
Bartáková
H
H
Skovránek
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome