title: Dominant, gain-of-function mutant produced by truncation of RPGR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) is essential in the maintenance of photoreceptor viability. Mutations in the X-linked RPGR gene have generally been assumed to be recessive. This study was undertaken to investigate whether certain mutant RPGR alleles may act dominantly.
  
  
  METHODS
  An RPGR transgene representing the RPGR ORF15 variant was placed under a non-tissue-specific promoter and introduced into transgenic mice. The transgene was crossed into both a wild type (WT) and an RPGR null background. Its expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis, and immunofluorescence. Photoreceptor survival was assessed by electroretinography and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RPGR transgene transcript underwent photoreceptor-specific, alternative splicing involving the purine-rich region of the ORF15 exon, generating a shortened mRNA and a premature stop codon. This truncation mutant caused more rapid photoreceptor degeneration than that in the RPGR null (knockout) mutant. The disease course was similar, whether the transgene was coexpressed with WT RPGR or expressed alone in the RPGR null background.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain truncated forms of RPGR can behave as a dominant, gain-of-function mutant. These data suggest that human RPGR mutations are not necessarily null and some may also act as dominant alleles, leading to a more severe phenotype than a null mutant.
authors.affiliation: Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Basil S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pawlyk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamian
authors.forename: Tiansen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C099929:RPGR protein, human