Mesenchymal stem cells acquire characteristics of cells in the periodontal ligament in vitro.
Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into multiple types of cells derived from mesenchyme. Periodontal ligament cells are primarily derived from mesenchyme; thus, we expected mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into periodontal ligament. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on co-cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and periodontal ligament, we observed a significant increase in mesenchymal stem cells' expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin and a significant decrease in expression of bone sialoprotein, characteristics of periodontal ligament in vivo. Increased osteopontin and osteocalcin and decreased bone sialoprotein expression was detected within 7 days and maintained through 21 days of co-culture. We conclude that contact or factors from periodontal ligament induced mesenchymal stem cells to obtain periodontal-ligament-like characteristics. Importantly, analysis of the data suggests the feasibility of utilizing mesenchymal stem cells in clinical applications for repairing and/or regenerating periodontal tissue.
Kramer
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PR
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA. Pkramer@tambcd.edu
Nares
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Kramer
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Grogan
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Kaiser
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D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000032:analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D053495:Osteopontin; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis
C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024061:Collagen Type III; C546871:IBSP protein, human; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin