title: [Music as adjuvant therapy for coronary heart disease. Therapeutic music lowers anxiety, stress and beta-endorphin concentrations in patients from a coronary sport group].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a study with coronary patients it was estimated that music is able to lower stress and fear and contributing to relaxation in spite of physical exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 patients (13 male, two female, mean age 62,2 +/- 7,6 years) of a coronary sport unit were listening to an especially composed relaxation music while training their common heart-frequency adapted exercises. Before the exercises and after listening to music blood pressures were measured and blood was collected for determination of beta-endorphin. Simultaneous to blood collection the participants had to perform two psychometric test: the perceived stress experience questionnaire (PSQ) of Levenstein to measure the graduation of subjective perceived stress and the state-anxiety inquiry (STAI) of Spielberger as an indicator of coping. To practice the trial ("test trial"), the whole protocol was performed one week prior to the mean trial, but without listening to music and without blood collections and blood pressure measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the test trial without music there were no significant changes in PSQ-data. In the mean trial, under the influence of music, values in the section "worries" decreased as a sign of lower worries (26.6 versus 27.6; p = 0.039). STAI-values were significantly lower as a sign of reduced fear after listening to music (31 versus 34; p = 0.045). beta-endorphin concentration (10.91 microg/l versus 15.96 microg/l, p = 0.044) and systolic blood pressure (130 mmHg versus 140 mmHg; p = 0.007) decreased significantly after listening to music.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regarding worries and fear, patients seemed to benefit by the intervention of music. beta-endorphin was lowered significantly after music despite physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum. joern.vollert@charite.de
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Vollert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Störk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möckel
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001615:beta-Endorphin