title: Successful brainstem cavernous malformation resection after repeated hemorrhages during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pregnancy may be a risk factor for aggressive behavior in cavernous malformations. Relatively few cases exist in the literature and management is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  This unique case report describes a 28-year-old female 27 weeks pregnant who presented with 2 hemorrhages from a pontine cavernous malformation within 1 week. Morbidity increased with the second hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy and excision of the cavernous malformation. She successfully delivered a normal child at 36 weeks gestation and is ambulatory and independent 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy and prior hemorrhage may be risk factors for repeated hemorrhages. Management decisions can be difficult during pregnancy, but successful excision during pregnancy is possible. The behavior of cavernous malformations and management decisions for this patient are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Flemming
authors.forename: Brent P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Fredric B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence