title: Studies of the potential utility of Ki67 as a predictive molecular marker of clinical response in primary breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objectives were to characterise the relationship of the proliferation marker Ki67 with response to systemic treatment in early breast cancer and to assess its clinical utility, using fine needle aspirates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hundred and six women were treated with primary tamoxifen (n = 33), chemotherapy (n = 33) or chemotherapy and tamoxifen (n = 40). Treatment was not randomised and response was assessed clinically. Ki67 was evaluated prior to treatment and at Day 14 or 21 after commencing treatment. To assess reproducibility, Ki67 was evaluated in repeat FNAs taken from 37 untreated patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage change in Ki67 in first 21 days was different between responders and non-responders for patients treated with tamoxifen (p = 0.007) and chemotherapy (p = 0.005) but not for chemoendocrine treatment (p = 0.062). The reproducibility study indicated that a decrease to 36% or less of the pre-treatment Ki67 value in an individual patient was required for it to be regarded as a statistically significant change. A significant decrease in Ki67 was seen in responding patients treated with chemotherapy (p = 0.026) and chemoendocrine treatment (p = 0.041). Positive and negative predictive values for response were 85 and 59% for chemotherapy patients and 88 and 54% for chemoendocrine patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ki67 is unlikely to be useful as a predictive marker in individual patients. Further molecular markers that predict lack of response continue to be required.
authors.affiliation: Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Assersohn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Powles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: A'hern
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowsett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D013629:Tamoxifen