title: Educational level and risk profile of cardiac patients in the EUROASPIRE II substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain, whether, conventional risk factors and readiness of coronary patients to modify their behaviour and to comply with recommended medication were associated with education in patients with established coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  EUROASPIRE II was a cross sectional survey undertaken in 1999-2000 in 15 European countries to ascertain how effectively recommendations on coronary preventions are being followed in clinical practice. Consecutive patients, men and women </=71 years who had been hospitalised for acute coronary syndrome or revascularisation procedures, were identified retrospectively. Data were collected through a review of medical records, interview, and examination at least six months after hospitalisation. The education reached was ascertained at the interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5556 patients (1319 women) were evaluated. Significantly more patients with ischaemia had only primary education, in contrast with the remaining diagnostic groups. Body mass index and glucose were negatively associated with educational level, while HDL-cholesterol was positively associated. Men with highest education had significantly lower systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. The prevalence of current smoking decreased significantly from primary to secondary and high education only in men. Both men and women with primary educational level were more often treated with antidiabetics, and antihypertensives, but less often with lipid lowering drugs. The effectiveness of treatment was virtually the same in all education groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with higher education had lower global coronary risk, than those with lower education. This should be considered in clinical practice. Particular strategies for risk communication and counselling are needed for those with lower education status.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Preventive Cardiology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic. mayerjr@lfp.cuni.cz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heidrich
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cokkinos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Bacquer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004522:Educational Status; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents