title: p38 activation through Toll-like receptors modulates IFN-gamma-induced expression of the Tap-1 gene only in macrophages.
abstract: Although interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the transporter associated with antigen processing (Tap)-1 expression in macrophages, cooperation with lipopolysaccharide signaling through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) accelerates the kinetics and increases the overall levels of this gene. In this report, we show that peptidoglycan signaling through TLR2 and bacterial CpG DNA signaling through TLR9 are functionally equivalent at synergizing with IFN-gamma in regulating Tap-1 expression in macrophages. Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is necessary for this response, which correlates with increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 on serine 727. Activation of p38, however, is not sufficient, as this signaling event does not affect the response to IFN-gamma in HeLa cells. The cooperation between these different signaling pathways also requires membrane fluidity. These data suggest that macrophages possess an ability to coordinate the signaling between the IFN-gamma and TLR receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cecil
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Klemsz
mesh_terms: D000071181:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000071181:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; C073119:TAP1 protein, human; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases