title: Behavioral effects of inhibition of cannabinoid metabolism: The amidase inhibitor AM374 enhances the suppression of lever pressing produced by exogenously administered anandamide.
abstract: Biochemical investigations have identified putative enzymatic pathways for the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous cannabinoids. Anandamide amidase is an enzyme that metabolizes anandamide into arachadonic acid and ethanolamine. Using in vitro methods, various inhibitors of amidase have been identified. The present studies were undertaken to determine if the amidase inhibitor AM 374 could enhance the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) injections of anandamide. Three studies were conducted to investigate the effects of various drug treatments on fixed ratio 5 operant lever pressing for food reinforcement. In the first study, the effects of different doses of anandamide were assessed, and it was demonstrated that 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg anandamide IP significantly suppressed lever pressing, while 2.5 mg/kg produced very little effect. The second study tested the effects of intraventricular (ICV) injections of AM 374, and it was observed that doses up to 10.0, 20.0 and 40 microg AM 374 had no significant effect upon lever pressing. The third study investigated the combined effect of AM374 with a low dose of anandamide. Rats received two drug injections: one ICV and one IP. Four different drug treatments were assessed: 1) ICV vehicle + IP vehicle, 2) ICV vehicle + 2.5 mg/kg anandamide IP, 3) ICV 20.0 microg AM 374 + IP vehicle, and 4) ICV 20 microg AM 374 + 2.5 mg/kg anandamide IP. Combined administration of AM 374 plus anandamide led to a significant decrease in lever pressing compared to either AM374 or anandamide administered alone. Observations of the animals treated with the combination of AM374 plus anandamide indicated that the drug combination resulted in motor slowing, which is consistent with the notion that stimulation of cannabinoid receptors produced a motor deficit that interfered with lever pressing. Although AM374 produced no effect on its own, this amidase inhibitor did enhance the behavioral effect of a low dose of anandamide. These results are consistent with the notion that AM 374 inhibited the enzymatic breakdown of exogenously injected anandamide. This type of procedure can be used to assess a variety of different compounds for their ability to inhibit cannabinoid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Arizzi
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cervone
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Aberman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makriyannis
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Salamone
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D010168:Palmitates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
chemical_list: C104963:AM 374; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D002186:Cannabinoids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010168:Palmitates; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C019665:amidase; C078814:anandamide