title: [Midwives in 18th century Hungary: between tradition and scientific methodology].
abstract: This study concerns midwifery in Hungary in the period 1783-1790, during the reign of Joseph II. It is based on annual health reports forwarded to the Council of Physicians (Ungarische Statthalterei) and "conduitlists" in table format. These narratives and lists illustrate the controversial process of modernization in obstetrics and within the community of midwives. Inspired by the Enlightenment, Joseph II introduced a series of obstetric reforms. By investigating specific cases, this study shows that successful implementation af these reforms depended largely on the physicians themselves: their dedication, efficacy, and ability to communicate with the midwives they supervised. While interpreting the conflicts triggered by the reforms, this study also considers the economic and social conditions at large, such as the centuries-old coexistence of several religions and nationalities that characterized Hungary during this period.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krász
mesh_terms: D049671:History, 18th Century; D006814:Hungary; D008880:Midwifery / Q000266:history*; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000266:history*; D012586:Science / Q000266:history*