title: Effects of oral administration of Gardeniae fructus extract and intravenous injection of crocetin on lipopolysaccharide- and prostaglandin E2-induced elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented rabbits.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracts of Coptidis rhizoma, Phellodendri cortex and Gardeniae fructus, which are medicinal herbs in Orengedoku-to (Huanglin-Jie-Du-Tang in Chinese), and crocetin (a major component of Gardeniae fructus) on experimental elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented rabbits. To produce aqueous flare elevation, 0.5 microg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into the ear vein, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 25 microg/ml, was applied to the cornea by means of a glass cylinder. Animals were pretreated by oral administration of 150 g/day of food containing 0.15% (w/w) extract powder of Coptidis rhizoma, 0.10% (w/w) extract powder of Phellodendri cortex or 0.15% (w/w) extract powder of Gardeniae fructus for 4 days, or by intravenous injection of crocetin, 0.3, 3, 30 or 300 microg/kg, 30 minutes before aqueous flare elevation. Aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. Aqueous flare intensity was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) in arbitrary units. The AUC of LPS- and PGE2-induced aqueous flare elevation was 4685 and 1386 arbitrary units, respectively. Pretreatment by oral administration of 0.15% (w/w) extract of Coptidis rhizoma or 0.10% (w/w) extract of Phellodendri cortex did not inhibit LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation. Pretreatment by oral administration of 0.15% extract of Gardeniae fructus suppressed LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 1411 arbitrary units). Pretreatment by intravenous injection of 3, 30 or 300 microg/kg of crocetin-inhibited LPS-induced aqueous flare elevation in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with 3 or 30 microg/kg of crocetin did not inhibit PGE2-induced aqueous flare elevation, but 300 microg/kg of crocetin inhibited PGE2-induced aqueous flare elevation (AUC: 918 arbitrary units).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan. ophthal@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagaki
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Xue-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terasawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000187:drug effects*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C061676:oren gedoku to; C487773:trans-sodium crocetinate; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; D015232:Dinoprostone