title: [Enforcement of type M 20 cal. 4 mm cartridges].
abstract: The aim of the paper was to investigate and compare the speed and energy of a bullet from 4 mm cal. cartridges of central ignition type M20, both original and transformed by addition of different kinds of propellants. Original cartridges are characterized by an average speed of the bullet of 144 m/s and average energy of 4.8 J. After transformation by the addition of on an average 31.3 mg of smokeless powder from a cartridge type LR'22, a maximum bullet speed of 299 m/s (average) and maximum energy of 21.2 joule (average) were reached. Our test showed that shots using transformed ammunition type M 20 cal. 4 mm can be dangerous for both health and life. Multiple M20 shot wounds may be very similar to single shot wounds caused by a shotshell cartridge fired from a shotgun weapon.
authors.affiliation: Katedry i Zakładu Medycyny Sadowej AM we Wrocławiu.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dobosz
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawecki
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Semiczek
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trnka
mesh_terms: D005389:Firearms / Q000592:standards*; D044709:Forensic Ballistics / Q000379:methods*; D006708:Homicide / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D011044:Poland; D012307:Risk Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot