title: Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus as monotherapy in controlling the signs and symptoms of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 6-month, phase III, double-blind, multicenter study. Patients with active RA who had discontinued all disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for an appropriate washout period (at least 1 month) and who, after the washout period, had a stable joint count (at least 10 tender/painful joints and 7 swollen joints) were stratified according to DMARD intolerance or DMARD resistance, and randomized to receive a single daily oral dose of placebo, tacrolimus 2 mg, or tacrolimus 3 mg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 464 patients received at least 1 dose of study drug. Baseline characteristics were similar among the 3 treatment groups. American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement (ACR20) success (defined as completion of 6 months of treatment and an ACR20 response at the month 6 visit) for the placebo, tacrolimus 2 mg, and tacrolimus 3 mg groups was 10.2%, 18.8% (P < 0.05 versus placebo), and 26.8% (P < 0.0005 versus placebo), respectively. At the end of treatment, the ACR20 and ACR50 response rates in the 3-mg group were 32.0% (P < 0.005 versus placebo) and 11.8% (P < 0.05 versus placebo), respectively. DMARD-intolerant patients had better ACR response rates than did DMARD-resistant patients. Although serum creatinine levels increased by >/=40% from baseline at some time during the trial in 20% and 29% of patients receiving tacrolimus 2 mg/day and 3 mg/day, respectively, the serum creatinine level remained within the normal range throughout the trial in approximately 90% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus, at dosages of both 2 mg/day and 3 mg/day, is efficacious and safe as monotherapy for patients with active RA, but treatment with the 3-mg dose of tacrolimus resulted in generally better ACR response rates.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Yocum
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Furst
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kaine
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Baldassare
authors.forename: Jon T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Borton
authors.forename: Laurel J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mengle-Gaw
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wisemandle
authors.forename: Qais A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Mekki
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus