title: A polymorphism in the angiotensin 1-converting enzyme gene is associated with damage to cerebral cortical white matter in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The impact of the insertion (I)/deletion (D) (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) gene on the extent of white matter myelin loss (ML) was investigated in four regions of the cerebral cortex in an autopsy-confirmed series of 93 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The possible influence of APO E epsilon4 allele acting in concert with ACE D allele was assessed. The extent of ML did not differ between D/D, I/D and I/I genotype groups when data from all four brain regions were combined. However, separate analysis showed that the frontal and temporal cortex tended to be affected more severely by ML in patients with D/D genotype compared to those with I/D and I/I genotypes. Stratification according to APO E epsilon4 allele revealed a greater overall ML in patients bearing at least one copy of ACE D allele and one APO E epsilon4 allele, especially in individuals homozygous for both. The APO E epsilon4 allele may therefore act synergistically in patients with AD (and other subjects) bearing ACE D/D genotype to increase the risk of ML, perhaps through transient ischaemic episodes consequent upon poor cardiac output associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with the APO E epsilon4 allele.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chartier-Harlin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pickering-Brown
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lendon
authors.forename: D M A
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A