title: The effects of a new therapeutic triclosan/copolymer/sodium-fluoride dentifrice on oral bacteria, including odorigenic species.
abstract: This investigation examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial effects of a new dentifrice, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh, formulated with triclosan/copolymer/sodium fluoride, on oral bacteria, including those odorigenic bacteria implicated in bad breath. The effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were compared to commercially available fluoride dentifrices that served as controls. Three experimental approaches were undertaken for these studies. In the first approach, the dentifrice formulations were tested in vitro against 13 species of oral bacteria implicated in bad breath. The second approach examined the antimicrobial activity derived from dentifrice that was adsorbed to and released from hydroxyapatite disks. In this approach, dentifrice-treated hydroxyapatite disks were immersed in a suspension of bacteria, and reduction in bacterial viability from the release of bioactive agents from hydroxyapatite was determined. The third approach examined the effect of treating bacteria immediately after their removal from the oral cavity of 11 adult human volunteers. This ex vivo study examined the viability of cultivable oral bacteria after dentifrice treatment for 2 minutes. Antimicrobial effects were determined by plating Colgate Total Advanced Fresh and control-dentifrice-treated samples on enriched media (for all cultivable oral bacteria) and indicator media (for hydrogen-sulfide-producing organisms), respectively. Results indicated that the antimicrobial effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were significantly greater than either of the other dentifrices for all 13 oral odorigenic bacterial strains tested in vitro (P < or = 0.05). In the second approach, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh-treated hydroxyapatite disks were significantly more active in reducing bacterial growth than the other dentifrices tested (P < or = 0.05). Finally, ex vivo treatment of oral bacteria with Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated a 90.9% reduction of all oral cultivable bacteria and a 91.5% reduction of oral bacteria producing hydrogen sulfide compared with the control dentifrice. In conclusion, these results, taken together with the significant reductions in clinical malodor scores by Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated in organoleptic studies, strongly suggest that this dentifrice kills the bacteria that are implicated in the cause of bad breath.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Furgang
authors.forename: Prem K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sreenivasan
authors.forename: Yun Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cummins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000382:microbiology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides; D006209:Halitosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014260:Triclosan
chemical_list: C408633:Colgate Winterfresh Fluoride Gel; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003802:Dentifrices; D014100:Toothpastes; C546060:hydrated silica gel-based toothpaste; D012824:Silicic Acid; D014260:Triclosan; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D017886:Durapatite; D005459:Fluorides