title: Intraocular pressure associations with refractive error and axial length in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether intraocular pressure (IOP) is associated with refractive error or axial length in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of subjects from the Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM), 636 Chinese children aged 9-11 years from two elementary schools underwent non-contact tonometry, cycloplegic autorefraction, and A-scan biometry during 2001. For analyses, refractive error was categorised into four groups; hypermetropia (spherical equivalent refraction (SE) > or = +1.0D), emmetropia (-0.5D<SE< +1.0D), low myopia (-3.0D<SE< or = -0.5D) and high myopia (SE< or = -3.0D).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 636 children examined, 50.6% were male. The mean IOP was 16.6 (SD 2.7) mm Hg. There were no significant IOP differences between low (mean IOP = 16.4 (2.8) mm Hg) or high myopes (16.7 (2.5) mm Hg) and emmetropes (16.7 (2.9) mm Hg), p = 0.57. IOP was not correlated with spherical equivalent refraction (Spearman correlation, r = 0.009) or axial length (r = 0.030). In regression analyses adjusting for diastolic blood pressure, neither spherical equivalent (regression coefficient = 0.014) nor axial length (regression coefficient = 0.027) were significantly associated with IOP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings do not support an association between IOP and refractive error or axial length in children. This questions postulated roles of IOP in the pathogenesis of myopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S-M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazzard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: D T H
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular