title: Botulinum toxin treatment for upper lid retraction of dysthyroidism.
abstract: Six patients with upper eyelid retraction due to dysthyroidism at Siriraj Hospital received subcutaneous botulinum toxin treatment at a dosage of 5-20 units per injection. Five patients experienced an improvement in the lid retraction lasting at least 40 months and 3 patients required more than one injection. Botulinum toxin injection is an alternative treatment for the upper eyelid retraction of dysthyroidism, which is effective and causes minimal side effects, particularly in patients with euthyroid status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanicha
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chuenkongkaew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins