title: A new device for beating heart bipolar radiofrequency atrial ablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A technique for mimicking left atrial atriotomies using an ablation device that can be deployed without cardiopulmonary bypass has been developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 healthy large (35-50 kg) adult pigs, maze-like ablation lesions were directly applied to the left atrial epicardium on the beating heart. The ablation device is irrigated, with a bipolar "hemostat" morphology, utilizing radiofrequency energy. Prior to and after ablation, left atrial electromechanical properties were measured during sinus rhythm in the latest 5 pigs using percutaneous endocardial catheter electromechanical mapping and intracardiac echocardiography. Pathologic analysis was performed acutely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All ablation lesions demonstrated conduction block along their entire course. Global left atrial conduction time (49.4 +/- 8.8 milliseconds before vs 58.8 +/- 9 milliseconds after) and pattern were not significantly altered. Although a significant amount (17.12% +/- 9%) of myocardium was either ablated or electrically isolated, ablation was not associated with significant alterations in global left atrial mechanics (left atrium ejection fraction 19% before vs 17% after; pulmonary vein peak flow velocity 1.22 m/s before vs 1.38 m/s after; peak mitral inflow velocity 2.34 m/s before vs 2.64 m/s after), mitral valve function, nor left ventricular function. There was no evidence of atrial thrombus formation. Transmurality was achieved in most lesions with no evidence of charring or barotrauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilizing this ablation device, atrial lesions similar to the left component of the Maze procedure were deployed with uniform success in a beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass or atriotomy and without adverse effects on left atrial electromechanics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonanomi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwartzman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Francischelli
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hebsgaard
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zenati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine