title: Increased expression of beta6-integrin in skin leads to spontaneous development of chronic wounds.
abstract: Integrin alphavbeta6 is an epithelial cell-specific receptor that is not normally expressed by resting epithelium but its expression is induced during wound healing. The function of alphavbeta6-integrin in wound repair is not clear. In the present study, we showed that beta6-integrin expression was strongly up-regulated in the epidermis in human chronic wounds but not in different forms of skin fibrosis. To test whether increased beta6-integrin expression plays a role in abnormal wound healing we developed four homozygous transgenic mouse lines that constitutively expressed human beta6-integrin in the epithelium. The mice developed normally and did not show any histological abnormalities in the skin. The rate of experimental skin wound closure was unaltered and the wounds healed without significant scar formation. However, during breeding program 16.1 to 27.0% of transgenic mice developed spontaneous, progressing fibrotic chronic ulcers. None of the wild-type animals developed these lesions. The chronic lesions had areas with severe fibrosis and numerous activated macrophages and fibroblasts expressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The level of TGF-beta1 was significantly increased in the lesions as compared with normal skin. The findings suggest that increased alphavbeta6-integrin in keratinocytes plays an active part in abnormal wound healing possibly through a mechanism involving increased activation of TGF-beta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. lhakkine@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Lari
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Leeni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: Humphrey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Ulpu
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Saarialho-Kere
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lakso
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rauvala
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laato
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heino
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Larjava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D039641:Integrin beta Chains / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D039641:Integrin beta Chains; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C072170:integrin beta6