title: Contribution of routine joint aspiration to the diagnosis of infection before hip revision surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the sensitivity and specificity of routine preoperative hip aspiration for diagnosing hip prosthesis infection (HPI) and to separately analyze subgroups with and without a clinical suspicion of HPI before aspiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1994 to June 1997, all patients scheduled for hip revision surgery underwent aspiration of the hip under image intensifier guidance. Microbiological results were compared between these preoperative specimens and the intraoperative specimens. The reason for surgery was either a clinical suspicion of HPI or pain suggesting loosening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study patients had had multiple surgical procedures. HPI was suspected clinically in 39.4% of cases. Of the 109 patients who underwent aspiration, 54 had true-negative results, nine had false-negative results, and 44 had true-positive results (there were no false-positive results), yielding a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 100%. Diagnostic efficiency was 91.6%, positive predictive value was 100%, and negative predictive value was 85.7%. In the subset of 43 patients with a clinical suspicion of HPI, aspiration identified all the causative organisms in 60.5% of cases. Of the 66 patients with no clinical suspicion of HPI, 12 had HPI, and aspiration provided the diagnosis preoperatively in seven of these patients, radically changing their management plans. Restricting routine aspiration to patients whose prosthesis had been implanted within the last 5 years or whose erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was above 30 mm/h would not have modified our findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hip aspiration before revision surgery for pain is effective in detecting HPI, which can simulate aseptic loosening. However, this investigation may be noncontributive in patients who have had their prosthesis for more than 5 years and whose ESR is less than 30 mm/h.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology department, hôpital de la Croix-Saint-Simon, 125, rue d'Avron, 75960 Paris cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Somme
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ziza
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desplaces
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chicheportiche
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chazerain
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lhotellier
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacquenod
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mamoudy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012086:Reoperation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome