title: Retroperitoneoscopic heminephroureterectomy for children with duplex anomaly: Initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of retroperitoneoscopic heminephroureterectomy for children with duplex anomaly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retroperitoneoscopic heminephroureterectomy was performed in five children (four girls and one boy) with complete duplication of the ureter, of whom four (age range 1-5 years; mean age 3.3 years) had upper pole ectopic megaureters and one (3 years old) had an upper pole megaureter with ureterocele. In the patient with ureterocele, distal ureterectomy and ureterocelectomy were performed by Pfannenstiel incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operation time was 346 min (range 270-450 min) in the four patients with ectopic megaureter and 420 min (330 min for heminephroureterectomy) in the patient with ureterocele. The mean estimated blood loss was 43 mL (range 5-100 mL) in the four patients with ectopic megaureter and 40 mL in the patient with ureterocele. No postoperative complications were observed. Postoperative intravenous pyelography showed normal pyelogram and renal function of the preserved lower pole in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneoscopic heminephroureterectomy for children is feasible, safe and has good postoperative results, including cosmetic results. However, the operation time needs to be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. kawauchi@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujito
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Jintetsu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukimura
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*