title: A retrospective cohort study of correlates of response to pharmacologic therapy for hyperlipidemia in members of a managed care organization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the effectiveness of statins in a managed care setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify demographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapy-related factors associated with response to drug therapy for hyperlipidemia among members of a managed care organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Claims data from a large US managed care organization from July 1, 1998, through June 30, 2000, were analyzed for adult members with continuous enrollment, >or=1 prescription drug claim, >or=2 sets of fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) laboratory results, and no lipid-lowering prescription claims at any time <or=12 months before the date of the first set of LDL-C laboratory results. Relative lipid-lowering regimen efficacy categories were created based on percentage reduction in LDL-C listed in product package inserts (low, <or=30%; moderate, 31%-40%; high, >or=41%). Multiple regression and logistic regression models were developed to identify significant predictors of percentage change in LDL-C from baseline and of >or=10% reduction in LDL-C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6247 members met the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) age was 59.6 (12.4) years (range, 21-93 years), and 3003 individuals (48.1%) were women. Furthermore, 337 members (5.4%) received high-efficacy statins, 2633 (42.1%) received moderate-efficacy statins, 934 (15.0%) received low-efficacy statins, and 86 (1.4%) received low-efficacy lipid-lowering drugs from other therapeutic classes during the study period. Compliance with therapy was high (range, 85%-92%), and upward titration of therapy was found in only 160 members (2.6%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that receiving statin therapy compared with other lipid-lowering therapy was a significant predictor of percentage reduction in LDL-C (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with high-efficacy statin regimens, low-efficacy statin regimens (odds ratio [OR] = 0.619; 95% CI, 0.436-0.877) and low-efficacy regimens from other therapeutic classes (OR = 0.171; 95% CI, 0.099-0.295) were less effective in lowering LDL-C by >or=10%. Similar results were observed for subanalyses of subjects with diabetes mellitus or coronary heart disease (CHD); individuals who received more efficacious statin regimens were more likely to reach the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goal of <or=100 mg/dL (P < 0.05 for moderate- or low-efficacy regimens vs high-efficacy statins in each model).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that improvement is needed in hyperlipidemia management, especially in identification and use of lipid-lowering therapy in individuals at high risk for CHD.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. robert.valuck@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Valuck
authors.forename: Setareh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacArthur
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Saseen
authors.forename: Kavita V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCollum
authors.forename: Joe E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ensor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors