title: Moyamoya and extracranial vascular involvement: fibromuscular dysplasia? A report of two children.
abstract: We present two patients with moyamoya syndrome and the unusual involvement of extracranial vessels. The first case illustrates the rare association between moyamoya and primary pulmonary hypertension. In the second patient, moyamoya was complicated by stenoses of vertebral, renal, and mesenteric arteries. In both cases, a systemic intima-proliferative disease, such as fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), was suspected to be the cause of both intracranial and extracranial arterial disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: P G J
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Nikkels
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Laag
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Broere
authors.forename: K P J
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology*; D008641:Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion / Q000209:etiology*; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications*; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*