title: Ultrasound-guided optical tomographic imaging of malignant and benign breast lesions: initial clinical results of 19 cases.
abstract: The diagnosis of solid benign and malignant tumors presents a unique challenge to all noninvasive imaging modalities. Ultrasound is used in conjunction with mammography to differentiate simple cysts from solid lesions. However, the overlapping appearances of benign and malignant lesions make ultrasound less useful in differentiating solid lesions, resulting in a large number of benign biopsies. Optical tomography using near-infrared diffused light has great potential for imaging functional parameters of 1) tumor hemoglobin concentration, 2) oxygen saturation, and 3) metabolism, as well as other tumor distinguishing characteristics. These parameters can differentiate benign from malignant lesions. However, optical tomography, when used alone, suffers from low spatial resolution and target localization uncertainty due to intensive light scattering. Our aim is to combine diffused light imaging with ultrasound in a novel way for the detection and diagnosis of solid lesions. Initial findings of two early-stage invasive carcinomas, one combined fibroadenoma and fibrocystic change with scattered foci of lobular neoplasia/lobular carcinoma in situ, and 16 benign lesions are reported in this paper. The invasive cancer cases reveal about two-fold greater total hemoglobin concentration (mean 119 micromol) than benign cases (mean 67 micromol), and suggest that the discrimination of benign and malignant breast lesions might be enhanced by this type of achievable optical quantification with ultrasound localization. Furthermore, the small invasive cancers are well localized and have wavelength-dependent appearance in optical absorption maps, whereas the benign lesions appear diffused and relatively wavelength-independent.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Program, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-2157, USA. zhu@engr.uconn.edu
authors.forename: Quing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Minming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: NanGuang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarfos
authors.forename: Bipin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jagjivan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Poornima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedge
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kurtzman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D018226:Fibroadenoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*