Effect of pregnancy and menopause on facial wrinkling in women.
Women appear to be at greater risk of developing wrinkles with age than men. To evaluate the effect of pregnancy and menopause on facial wrinkling, a total of 186 Korean women volunteers aged between 20 and 89 years were interviewed for information on menstrual and reproductive factors. An 8-point photographic scale developed for assessing the severity of wrinkles in Asian skin was used. Cumulative sun exposure, both occupational and recreational, was estimated. In Korean women, the risk of facial wrinkling increases significantly with increasing number of full-term pregnancies (OR = 1.835, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017-3.314) and menopausal age (number of years since menopause) (OR = 3.909, 95% CI 1.071-14.275), while hormone replacement therapy is associated with a significantly lower risk for the development of facial wrinkling in postmenopausal women (OR = 0.221, 95% CI 0.047-0.949). Hypo-oestrogenism may play a part in the decrease of skin collagen leading to skin wrinkling in postmenopausal women.
Youn
Choon Shik
CS
Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kwon
Oh Sang
OS
Won
Chong Hyun
CH
Hwang
Eun Ju
EJ
Park
Byung Joo
BJ
Eun
Hee Chul
HC
Chung
Jin Ho
JH
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects