title: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with less coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.
abstract: Most observational studies indicate that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) protects women from cardiovascular disease. Two recent randomized trials, however, showed no reduction in coronary events with HRT in postmenopausal women. A randomized study evaluating subclinical atherosclerosis showed a beneficial effect of estrogen. In the current study we evaluated the association between HRT and coronary artery atherosclerosis, as quantified by coronary artery calcium score. Current users of HRT were significantly more likely to have a coronary artery calcium score less than 100 and were less likely to have a score greater than 400 than non-HRT users. After adjustment for cardiac risk factors, current use of HRT was associated with a significant reduction of coronary artery calcium score (-28; 95% confidence interval, -48 to -10). The average age of users was 59 yr, the mean duration of use was 9 yr, and the duration of HRT use was significantly associated with a reduction in coronary artery calcium. These results suggest that HRT suppresses atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. The failure to modify the cardiovascular event rate in clinical trials could result from the adverse effect of HRT on complicated lesions. Additional mechanistic studies may help identify therapeutic strategies that could maximize a potential benefit of HRT on early atherogenesis while minimizing adverse proinflammatory and procoagulant effects on complicated plaque lesions.
authors.affiliation: Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akhrass
authors.forename: Arthur T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fogelfeld
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mazzone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium