title: A staged management diabetes foot program versus standard care: a 1-year cost and utilization comparison in a state public hospital system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether staged management of foot ulcers reduces health care costs and utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized retrospective study using data from 1998-1999 in the Louisiana public hospital system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Louisiana public hospital system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with diabetes foot ulcer who received staged management foot care and 169 patients with diabetes foot ulcer who received standard foot care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staged management of foot ulcers consisting of devices to offload pressure; self-care education; and, after healing, custom-fabricated orthoses and footwear, and monitored progressive ambulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-year levels of the number of foot-related inpatient hospitalizations, number of amputation-related hospitalizations, total number of foot-related inpatient days, total charges for foot-related inpatient hospitalizations, all-cause outpatient visits, total charges for all-cause outpatient visits, and combined outpatient and foot-related inpatient charges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 12-month study period, the staged management group had a lower foot-related hospitalization rate than did the comparison group (.09 admissions per person vs.50 admissions per person, P=.0002); lower foot-related inpatient days (.91d per person vs 3.97d per person, P=.0289); lower foot-related inpatient charges ($1321 per person vs $5411 per person, P=.0151); fewer amputation-related hospitalizations (.04 per person vs.19 per person, P=.0351); fewer emergency department visits (.60 visits per person vs 1.22 visits per person, P=.0043); lower emergency department charges ($104 per person vs $208 per person, P=.0057); and lower total charges ($4776 per person vs $9402 per person, P=.0141). The staged management group had a higher number of outpatient visits (24.91 per person vs 8.04 per person, P<.0001) and higher outpatient charges ($2169 per person vs $1471 per person, P<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A staged management diabetes foot program significantly reduced emergency department and hospital utilization and charges in a statewide public hospital system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 3849 North Boulevard, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA. rhorsw@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Horswell
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Birke
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Patout
mesh_terms: D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005249:Fees and Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies