title: [Hysteroscopic evaluation of the uterine cavity in postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding].
abstract: Postmenopausal uterine bleeding is the most characteristic and frequent endometrial adenocarcinoma symptom. Patient with uterine bleeding appeared at least 12 months after the last menstruation needs diagnostic management before initiation of any treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of hysteroscopy for the recognition of pathologies causing postmenopausal uterine bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine women aged 48-80 without hormonal replacement therapy hospitalized in the 1st Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of the Medical University of Łódź between 1998-2002 because of postmenopausal uterine bleeding were included in the study. In each case diagnostic hysteroscopy with visualisation of the uterine cavity was performed and then histopathologic biopsy by a curretage was taken. Hysteroscopic images were analyzed and compared with the histopathological results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2 women had the oncologically suspected hysteroscopic images. In both cases endometrial adenocarcinoma was histopathologically confirmed. Among 5 patients with hysteroscopic images suggesting non-malignant endometrial proliferation 4 cases of endometrial hyperplasia were found. 11 times hysteroscopic visualisation of endometrial polyps enabled their complete deletion. In 8 cases intrauterine adhesions were found and dissected: 11 patients presented submucous myomas during hysteroscopy. In 3 cases visualisation of the uterine cavity was not possible because of technical failure. Any patient with absence of hysteroscopically found uterine abnormalities had a poor histopathological result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hysteroscopic investigation in postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding reduce the risk of false negative histopathological result. Hysteroscopy is useful method of the uterine cavity visualisation. Thanks to localization and elimination of the pathologies like endometrial polyps and intrauterine adhesions the repeated bleeding and the second time admission of the patient for the same reason can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: I Kliniki Ginekologii i Onkologii Ginekologicznej Instytutu Ginekologii i Połoznictwa Uniwersytetu Medycznego w łodzi.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wierzbowski
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gottwald
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bieńkiewicz
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D017698:Postmenopause; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis