title: Evaluation of tuberculosis contact investigations in California.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the burden of tuberculosis (TB) contact investigations in California, assess outcomes and effectiveness, and identify performance gaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aggregate program management reports were used to examine contact investigations conducted for pulmonary TB cases reported between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000 in California. Findings were compared to national objectives, and performance gaps were identified. Costs were estimated, and effectiveness of TB case detection and prevention was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2032 acid-fast bacilli sputum smear-positive and sputum smear-negative/culture-positive cases was reported; 17774 contacts were elicited, and 15582 (88%) contacts were evaluated. TB disease and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) were diagnosed in 111 (<1%) and 4609 (30%) contacts, respectively; 1958 (43%) contacts with LTBI completed treatment. Costs of contact investigations were estimated at dollars 4.8 million; 81% of expected TB cases were detected, but only 35% of cases expected to occur within 2 years following the investigation were prevented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  California's performance did not meet national objectives for contact evaluation or treatment completion; improved effectiveness of contact investigations in California is needed. Although analysis of existing contact investigation surveillance data provided a macro-level view of performance gaps, expanded surveillance data are required to inform interventions.
authors.affiliation: California Department of Health Services, Tuberculosis Control Branch, Berkeley, California 94704-1011, USA. jsprinso@dhs.ca.gov
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sprinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pascopella
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Royce
mesh_terms: D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016358:Contact Tracing / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*