title: Positive correlation between DNA polymerase alpha-primase pausing and mutagenesis within polypyrimidine/polypurine microsatellite sequences.
abstract: Microsatellite DNA sequences are ubiquitous in the human genome, and mutation rates of these repetitive sequences vary with respect to DNA sequence as well as length. We have analyzed polymerase-DNA interactions as a function of microsatellite sequence, using polypyrimidine/polypurine di- and tetranucleotide alleles representative of those found in the human genome. Using an in vitro primer extension assay and the mammalian DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex, we have observed a polymerase termination profile for each microsatellite that is unique to that allele. Interestingly, a periodic termination profile with an interval size (9-11 nucleotides) unrelated to microsatellite unit length was observed for the [TC](20) and [TTCC](9) templates. In contrast, a unit-punctuated polymerase termination profile was found for the longer polypurine templates. We detected strong polymerase pauses within the [TC](20) allele at low reaction pH which were eliminated by the addition of deaza-dGTP, consistent with these specific pauses being a consequence of triplex DNA formation during DNA synthesis. Quantitatively, a strand bias was observed in the primer extension assay, in that polymerase synthesis termination is more intense when the polypurine sequence serves as the template, relative to its complementary polypyrimidine sequence. The HSV-tk forward mutation assay was utilized to determine the corresponding polymerase alpha-primase error frequencies and specificities at the microsatellite alleles. A higher microsatellite polymerase error frequency (50x10(-4) to 60x10(-4)) was measured when polypurine sequences serve as templates for DNA synthesis, relative to the polypyrimidine template (18x10(-4)). Thus, a positive correlation exists between polymerase alpha-primase pausing and mutagenesis within microsatellite DNA alleles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Gittlen Cancer Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hile
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eckert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D004247:DNA; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000235:genetics*; D019915:DNA Primase / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004261:DNA Replication; D007700:Kinetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D011685:Purine Nucleotides; D011742:Pyrimidine Nucleotides; D013698:Templates, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D011685:Purine Nucleotides; D011742:Pyrimidine Nucleotides; C051802:triplex DNA; D004247:DNA; D019915:DNA Primase; C116932:DNA polymerase alpha-primase; D004256:DNA Polymerase I