title: Is the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test necessary in the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism in children.
abstract: To determine the value of the TRH test, we analyzed the unstimulated serum T(4) and TSH concentrations in 54 children with central hypothyroidism. A TRH test was performed in 30 patients. Midline brain defects (septo-optic dysplasia, 28; holoprosencephaly, 2) and combined pituitary hormone deficiencies were present in 30 and 52 patients, respectively. The mean serum free T(4), total T(4), and basal TSH concentrations were 0.6 ng/dl, 4.0 microg/dl, and 2.8 microU/ml, respectively. Five patients demonstrated elevated basal serum TSH concentrations. A normal TRH test [increase (delta) in TSH, 4.5-17.8], based on data from 30 controls, was documented in 23.3% of patients. Brisk (deltaTSH, >17.8), absent/blunted (deltaTSH, <4.5), and delayed responses were documented in 16.7%, 30%, and 30% of patients, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.8 yr, with 8 patients evolving into TSH deficiency. It was not possible to differentiate patients as having pituitary or hypothalamic disease based solely on the TRH test results. Patients with septo-optic dysplasia were diagnosed earlier and had elevated basal serum TSH and PRL concentrations, diabetes insipidus, and evolving disease. Although full pituitary function assessment is mandatory to identify combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, a TRH test is not essential, and the diagnosis should be made by serial T(4) measurements.
authors.affiliation: London Center of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism and Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom WC1N 1EH.
authors.forename: Ameeta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hindmarsh
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stanhope
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brain
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Preece
authors.forename: Mehul T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Dattani
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000150:complications; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D013972:Thyrotropin