title: Why are human newborns so fat? Relationship between fatness and brain size at birth.
abstract: The plumpness of the human newborn has long been recognized as a trait in need of explanation among researchers. Using a linear regression analysis, we find that head circumference is significantly and positively associated with BMI at birth, after gestational age and birthlength were controlled for, in a sample of 1,069 healthy liveborn routinely delivered at the University Hospital of Coimbra (partial correlation r = 0.409, P < 0.0001). This significant association is consistent with the idea that newborn fatness is related to the higher need of lipids in newborn humans as an energetic and plastic substrate during its accelerated brain growth period. As birthweight and birth head size are associated with head size and cognitive abilities in childhood and adult life, it could be postulated that these cognitive abilities could have acted as selective pressure responsible for the newborn fatness increase in our lineage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Coimbra, 3000-056 Coimbra, Portugal. hamilton.correia@clix.pt
authors.forename: Hamilton R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Balseiro
authors.forename: Elisabete R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Manuel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Areia
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male