title: Influence of hormonal therapy on late rectal function after permanent prostate brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent clinical studies have reported a relationship between the use of hormonal therapy and degradation in rectal function after external beam radiotherapy. Using a patient-administered quality-of-life instrument, we evaluated the effect of hormonal therapy on late rectal function after permanent prostate brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 189 patients were mailed the Rectal Function Assessment Score (R-FAS), which consists of nine questions (score range 0-27, with higher scores indicative of poorer bowel function). Of the 189 surveys sent out, 187 (98.4%) were returned. Of the 187 patients, 149 (79.7%) were hormone naive, and 38 (20.3%) had received hormonal manipulation (median duration 4 months, range 3-36). The median follow-up for the entire group was 66.3 months. The effect of hormonal therapy on bowel function was evaluated by comparing the R-FAS scores across time, by each of the individual nine questions, and by means of a summary question evaluating the patient's perception of overall bowel function. The two groups were also evaluated in terms of clinical, treatment, and dosimetric parameters, including follow-up, age, Gleason score, clinical stage, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level, number of pretreatment bowel movements/d, prostate volume, and rectal dosimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were well matched in all clinical, treatment, and dosimetric parameters, except the patients receiving hormonal therapy had a statistically shorter follow-up (63.9 vs. 69.4 months, p <0.001) and higher pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level (12.0 vs. 9.8 ng/mL, p = 0.024). The R-FAS scores for the hormone-naive and hormonally manipulated patients were comparable (3.76 vs. 4.55, p = 0.083). In terms of the nine individual R-FAS questions, no statistically significant difference was reported for any question when stratified by hormonal status, including rectal bleeding (p = 0.735). Only 12% and 13% of hormone-naive and hormonally manipulated patients, respectively, reported bowel function to be worse after implantation. With time, a trend for improvement in the R-FAS was noted in both cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After permanent prostate brachytherapy, no statistically significant difference in bowel habits was discerned when stratified by hormonal status. In addition, only 12% of brachytherapy patients reported deterioration in bowel function after implantation.
authors.affiliation: Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA. SchifflerCancerCenter@wheelinghospital.com
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Kent E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Zachariah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Galbreath
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone