title: Pulmonary thromboembolism following gynecologic surgery and cesarean section.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and risk factors of symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients following gynecologic surgery or cesarean section in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the clinical records of all patients who have undergone gynecologic surgery or cesarean section at 32 hospitals affiliated with the Tohoku University Hospital between 1990 and 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of gynecologic surgical procedures and cesarean sections were 61648 and 26502, respectively. Twenty-five of the 88150 (0.028%) patients developed clinical PTE. Among the PTE patients who underwent gynecologic surgery, 86% were more than 40 years of age, 36% were obese (BMI>25 kg/m(2)) and 43% had uterine body cancer. Among the PTE patients who underwent cesarean section, 36% were more than 35 years of age and 55% were obese (BMI>29 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors in Japanese patients undergoing gynecologic surgery may include age and cancer of the uterine body; risk factors for the development of PTE following cesarean section may include age and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chisaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yaegashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery