title: BMP2 initiates chondrogenic lineage development of adult human mesenchymal stem cells in high-density culture.
abstract: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to differentiate into distinct mesenchymal tissues including bone and cartilage. The capacity of MSCs to replicate undifferentiated and to mature into cartilaginous tissues suggests these cells as an attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. Here we show that the stimulation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) results in chondrogenic lineage development under serum-free conditions. Histological staining of proteoglycan with Alcian blue and immunohistochemical staining of cartilage-specific type II collagen revealed the deposition of typical cartilage extracellular matrix components. Semi-quantitative real-time gene expression analysis of characteristic chondrocytic matrix genes, such as cartilage link protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, aggrecan, and types I, II, and IX collagen, confirmed the induction of the chondrocytic phenotype in high-density culture upon stimulation with BMP2 and transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGFbeta3). Histologic staining of mineralized extracellular matrix with von Kossa, immunostaining of type X collagen (typical for hypertrophic chondrocytes), and gene expression analysis of osteocalcin and adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein (aP2) further documented that BMP2 induced chondrogenic lineage development and not osteogenesis and/or adipogenesis in human MSCs. These results suggest BMP2 as a promising candidate for tissue engineering approaches regenerating articular cartilage on the basis of mesenchymal progenitors from bone marrow.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, Medical Faculty Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Tucholskystrasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ringe
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Häupl
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Notter
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manz
authors.forename: Gerd-Rüdiger
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Burmester
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sittinger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaps
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D024043:Collagen Type II; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D015675:Osteocalcin; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases