title: A randomized controlled trial of supplemental oxygen versus air in cancer patients with dyspnea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The symptomatic benefits of oxygen in patients with cancer who have nonhypoxic dyspnea are not well defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether or not oxygen is more effective than air in decreasing dyspnea and fatigue and increasing distance walked during a 6-minute walk test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced cancer who had no severe hypoxemia (i.e., had an O2 saturation level of > or = 90%) at rest and had a dyspnea intensity of > or = 3 on a scale of 0-10 (0 = no shortness of breath, 10 = worst imaginable shortness of breath) were recruited from an outpatient thoracic clinic at a comprehensive cancer center. This was a double-blind, randomized crossover trial. Supplemental oxygen or air (5 L/min) was administered via nasal cannula during a 6-minute walk test. The outcome measures were dyspnea at 3 and 6 minutes, fatigue at 6 minutes, and distance walked. We also measured oxygen saturation levels at baseline, before second treatment phase, and at the end of study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 33 evaluable patients (31 with lung cancer), no significant differences between treatment groups were observed in dyspnea, fatigue, or distance walked (dyspnea at 3 minutes: P = 0.61; dyspnea, fatigue, and distance walked at 6 minutes: P = 0.81, 0.37, and 0.23, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently, the routine use of supplemental oxygen for dyspnea during exercise in this patient population cannot be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, Unit 8, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ebruera@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willey
authors.forename: J Lynn
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Rodolfo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Morice
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pisters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000388:Air; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005221:Fatigue / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods*