title: Divergent evolution of the prolactin-inducible protein gene and related genes in the mouse genome.
abstract: The prolactin-inducible protein (PIP/GCDFP15) family consists of small secretory polypeptides that are found in various body fluids. In order to study evolutionary events to this family, we cloned member genes and analyzed their sequences. A database search revealed the presence of a novel paralogous gene on mouse chromosome 6q34 and a nonprocessed pseudogene adjacent to PIP on human chromosome 7q34. The mouse PIP and four related genes displayed higher nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution ratios in comparison to other mammalian PIP orthologues; furthermore, these genes exhibited distinct distributions among tissues such as seminal vesicle, colon, and mammary gland. A pair of duplicated genes could have existed prior to radiation to the human and rodents. While only PIP is active in the human lineage, species-specific gene duplications have given rise to functional variants in rodents. Adaptive evolution potentially has occurred among the PIP and its related genes in the mouse genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Forensic Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. mosawa@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D015894:Genome, Human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010802:Phylogeny; D011544:Pseudogenes / Q000235:genetics; D011817:Rabbits; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: C024328:APOD protein, human; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D001324:Autoantigens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006023:Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; C482785:Sval3 protein, mouse; D004247:DNA