title: Lip sucking and lip biting in the primary dentition: two cases treated with a morphological approach combined with lip exercises and habituation.
abstract: Lip sucking and lip biting in the primary-dentition period can cause the upper incisors to tip labially and the lower incisors to collapse lingually with the lower lip wedged between the upper and lower anterior teeth. The resulting lip incompetence further aggravates maxillary protrusion. Thus, there is a causal relationship between lip sucking/lip biting and maxillary protrusion. Orofacial myologists provide lip training to activate the flaccid upper lip and raise the child's awareness to help stop the sucking or biting of the lower lip, sometimes using an oral screen. Two primary-dentition cases with lip sucking and lip biting were treated with a functional appliance (F.A.), resulting in the elimination of the habits in 5 to 6 months along with the improvement of the overjet, overbite and facial profile. The authors prioritize myofunctional therapy (MFT) when treating open bite cases with tongue thrust in the primary dentition. However, the treatment of maxillary protrusion due to lip sucking and lip biting is approached differently with priority given to morphological improvement to create an oral environment that makes lip sucking and lip biting difficult, which is complimented with lip exercises and habituation. This combined approach was found to be effective in breaking the lip-sucking and lip-biting habits.
authors.affiliation: Ohno Orthodontic Clinic, 1-3-29 Shinoharakita, Kohhoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan 222-0021.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukumitsu
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000503:physiopathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D020247:Myofunctional Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D011378:Prognathism / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous