title: Postantibiotic and sub-MIC effects of benzylpenicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae with different susceptibilities for penicillin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study was to examine whether penicillin-susceptible and nonsusceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibited different pharmacodynamic responses to benzylpenicillin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The postantibiotic effects (PAEs) and the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA SMEs) were investigated by optical density against strains of S. pneumoniae with different susceptibilities to benzylpenicillin. To validate the data, the PAE and PA SME of one susceptible and one resistant strain were also tested with the viable count method. The post-MIC effects (PMEs) were studied in an in vitro kinetic model, simulating human pharmacokinetics with a half-life of 1 h and a time above MIC of approximately 20% of 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences with respect to the PAEs, PA SMEs and PMEs of benzylpenicillin for the various strains of S. pneumoniae, irrespective of their susceptibility to penicillin. For both some of the susceptible and resistant strains investigated, longer PA SMEs at 0.2 and 0.3 x MIC were noted, indicating that these parameters might be more dependent on the type of strain rather than on the susceptibility status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No differences in the pharmacodynamic response after similar drug exposure were seen for S. pneumoniae strains with different penicillin susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Antibiotic Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. inga.odenholt@inf.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Odenholt
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Löwdin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010400:Penicillin G