title: The usefulness of Vistech and FACT contrast sensitivity charts for cataract and refractive surgery outcomes research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the repeatability and sensitivity of two commonly used sine wave patch charts for contrast sensitivity (CS) measurement in cataract and refractive surgery outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Vistech CS chart and its descendant, the Functional Acuity Contrast Test (FACT), were administered in three experiments: (1) Post-LASIK and age matched normal subjects; (2) Preoperative cataract surgery and age matched normal subjects; (3) Test-retest repeatability data in normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast sensitivity was similar between post-LASIK and control groups and between the Vistech and FACT charts. The percentage of subjects one month post-LASIK achieving the maximum score across spatial frequencies (1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18 cycles per degree) were (50, 33, 13, 13, 0 respectively) for FACT, but only (0, 0, 13, 4, 0 respectively) for Vistech. A small number of cataract patients also registered the maximum score on the FACT, but up to 60% did not achieve the minimum score. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients varied from 0.28 to 0.64 for Vistech and 0.18 to 0.45 for FACT. Bland-Altman limits of agreement across spatial frequencies were between +/-0.30 and +/-0.85 logCS for Vistech, and +/-0.30 to +/-0.75 logCS for FACT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Vistech was confirmed as providing poorly repeatable data. The FACT chart, likely because of a smaller step size, showed slightly better retest agreement. However, the reduced range of scores on the chart due to the smaller step size led to ceiling (post-LASIK) and floor (cataract) effects. These problems could mask subtle differences between groups of patients with near normal visual function as found post-refractive or cataract surgery. The Vistech and FACT CS charts are ill suited for refractive or cataract surgery outcomes research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK. konrad@pesudovs.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pesudovs
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hazel
authors.forename: R M L
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002386:Cataract / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity