title: The YefM antitoxin defines a family of natively unfolded proteins: implications as a novel antibacterial target.
abstract: Although natively unfolded proteins are being observed increasingly, their physiological role is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Escherichia coli YefM protein is a natively unfolded antitoxin, lacking secondary structure even at low temperature or in the presence of a stabilizing agent. This conformation of the protein is suggested to have a key role in its physiological regulatory activity. Because of the unfolded state of the protein, a linear determinant rather than a conformational one is presumably being recognized by its toxin partner, YoeB. A peptide array technology allowed the identification and validation of such a determinant. This recognition element may provide a novel antibacterial target. Indeed, a pair-constrained bioinformatic analysis facilitated the definite determination of novel YefM-YoeB toxin-antitoxin systems in a large number of bacteria including major pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Taken together, the YefM protein defines a new family of natively unfolded proteins. The existence of a large and conserved group of proteins with a clear physiologically relevant unfolded state serves as a paradigm to understand the structural basis of this state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Izhack
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cherny
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazit
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C484519:YefM protein, E coli