title: In vitro assessment of retention of four esthetic dowels to resin core foundation and teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several new esthetic dowel systems are currently available for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. These dowel systems enhance the esthetic quality of all-ceramic restorations better than metallic dowel systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retentive strength of composite and ceramic endodontic dowel systems to the tooth and to the core foundation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following dowel systems were tested: resin dowels (Fibrekor [FR]; Luscent [LU]; Twin Luscent Anchor [TLU]); ceramic dowels (Cerapost [CR]; Cosmopost [CO]); and a titanium dowel (ParaPost XH [Ti]). In Part I of the study, core retention was tested by forming Bis-Core resin (n=12) cores around dowels followed by separation using a universal testing machine. In Part II, 60 (n=12) extracted human canines were endodontically treated, and dowel spaces were prepared using the corresponding drill for each dowel system. Nine-millimeter resin and ceramic dowels were cemented with C & B resin luting agent. Additionally, 2 groups (n=12) of Ti dowels cemented with C & B resin luting agent and zinc phosphate luting agent served as control groups. Retention was tested using a universal testing machine to separate the dowels from teeth. One-way analysis of variance and Student Newman-Keuls tests were conducted for statistical analysis (alpha=.05). Surface texture of all dowel systems tested was examined using SEM at original magnification x25 and x250.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Core retention of Ti was higher than all esthetic dowels tested (alpha<.05), but FR had higher core retention than the other esthetic dowels tested. Resin dowels had better retention to teeth than ceramic dowels (alpha<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The esthetic dowel systems were less retentive for the resin core material than the titanium control. Resin dowel systems were more retentive in the root than the ceramic dowels but were similar to the titanium control.
authors.affiliation: Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, MA 02118-2392, USA. alharbif@bu.edu
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-harbi
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nathanson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002516:Ceramics; D003188:Composite Resins; D003481:Cuspid; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011176:Post and Core Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019279:Resin Cements; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C113550:FiberKor, sculpture; D019279:Resin Cements; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement; D014025:Titanium