title: Serum levels of neural protein S-100B in phenylketonuria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum neural protein S-100B concentration is considered as a marker of CNS lesions. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high phenylalanine (Phe) levels in blood and foci of myelin absence in the CNS of untreated patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate S-100B blood levels in PKU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five (N = 25) PKU patients of comparable age, who were diagnosed by neonatal screening and "followed up" in our Inborn Error of Metabolism Department, were divided into two groups: group A (N = 13) with almost normal Phe levels and group B (N = 12) "off diet" with high Phe concentrations. Their MRI examinations were normal 12-14 months before the beginning of the study. Twenty-three (N = 23) healthy children were the controls. Serum S-100B levels, measured with an immunoluminometric assay, were greatly elevated in the group B (0.48 +/- 0.6 microg/l) as compared to those of group A (0.16 +/- 0.4 microg/l, P < 0.001) and controls (0.10 +/- 0.02, P < 0.001). Positive correlation was found between S-100B and Phe blood concentration (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). Foci of myelin absence in MRIs were observed in 1/13 of group A and in 10/12 of group B at the end of this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (a) Serum S-100B protein level, for the first time evaluated in PKU, was positively correlated with Phe blood level in PKU patients. (b) S-100B blood estimation could be a useful peripheral marker of CNS lesions in patients with demyelinated disease such as PKU.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece. inchildh@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Kleopatra H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schulpis
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kariyannis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papassotiriou
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000097:blood; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D010649:Phenylalanine