title: Sec61p contributes to signal sequence orientation according to the positive-inside rule.
abstract: Protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by signal or signal-anchor sequences. They also play an important role in protein topogenesis, because their orientation in the translocon determines whether their N- or C-terminal sequence is translocated. Signal orientation is primarily determined by charged residues flanking the hydrophobic core, whereby the more positive end is predominantly positioned to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, a phenomenon known as the "positive-inside rule." We tested the role of conserved charged residues of Sec61p, the major component of the translocon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in orienting signals according to their flanking charges by site-directed mutagenesis by using diagnostic model proteins. Mutation of R67, R74, or E382 in Sec61p reduced C-terminal translocation of a signal-anchor protein with a positive N-terminal flanking sequence and increased it for signal-anchor proteins with positive C-terminal sequences. These mutations produced a stronger effect on substrates with greater charge difference across the hydrophobic core of the signal. For some of the substrates, a charge mutation in Sec61p had a similar effect as one in the substrate polypeptides. Although these three residues do not account for the entire charge effect in signal orientation, the results show that Sec61p contributes to the positive-inside rule.
authors.affiliation: Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goder
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Junne
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiess
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017510:Protein Folding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D000069816:SEC Translocation Channels; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D000069816:SEC Translocation Channels; C499383:SEC61 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins