title: A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare a proprietary extract of American ginseng, CVT-E002, with placebo in preventing acute respiratory illness (ARI) in an institutional setting during the influenza season.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials conducted late in the 2000 (8 week) and 2000-2001 (12 week) influenza seasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term care setting that included nursing home and assisted living at three sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine (2000) and 109 (2000-2001) enrolled subjects, average age 81 and 83.5, respectively; 74% women. Approximately 90% had received influenza vaccine in each of the 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral twice-daily administration of a proprietary ginseng extract, CVT-E002, 200 mg or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  ARI was defined as two new respiratory symptoms or one with a constitutional symptom. Confirmation of viral ARI was by culture (influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) or serology for influenza. Laboratory safety monitoring was done at 0, 4, and 8 or 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An intent-to-treat analysis of pooled data corrected for drug exposure time showed that the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza illness (LCII) was greater in placebo- (7 cases/101 subjects) than CVT-E002-treated (1/97) groups (odds ratio (OR)=7.73, P=.033). Combined data for LCII and RSV illness were also greater in placebo- (9/101) than CVT-E002-treated (1/97) groups (OR=10.50, P=.009), for an overall 89% relative risk reduction of ARI in the CVT-E002 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVT-E002 was shown to be safe, well tolerated, and potentially effective for preventing ARI due to influenza and RSV.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. jmcelhaney@uchc.edu
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McElhaney
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gravenstein
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'neill
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petitjean
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rumble
authors.forename: Jacqueline J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D010936:Plant Extracts