title: The short-term effect of interdisciplinary medication review on function and cost in ambulatory elderly people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a medication review by a specialized team would promote regimen changes in elders taking multiple medications and to measure the effect of regimen changes on monthly cost and functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health center ambulatory clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older adults taking five or more medications were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. A medication-change intervention group of 57 elders was compared with a control group of 76 elder adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary intervention was a comprehensive review and recommended modification of a patient's medication regimen. Changes were endorsed by each patient's primary physician and discussed with each patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures were the Timed Manual Performance Test, Physical Performance Test, Functional Reach Assessment, subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, a modified Randt Memory Test, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Rand 36-item Health Survey 1.0. Comorbidity was determined using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Medication usage was determined using brown bag review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention subjects decreased their medications by an average of 1.5 drugs. No differences in functioning were observed between groups. Intervention subjects saved an average $26.92 per month in wholesale medication costs; control subjects saved $6.75 per month (P<.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the intervention significantly reduced the medications taken and monthly cost, most patients were resistant to reducing medications to the recommended level. Further study is needed to understand patient resistance to reducing adverse polypharmacy and to devise better strategies for addressing this important problem in geriatric health. Greater focus on prescriber behavior is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. aging@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pulliam
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Ted M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Justine E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kincaid
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016527:Drug Costs; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019338:Polypharmacy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'