title: Differential induction of TNF-alpha and NOS2 by mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways during Mycobacterium bovis infection.
abstract: The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in the regulation of TNF-alpha and NOS2 production by human monocytes infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG was examined. Inhibition studies showed that ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation were necessary for the monocyte response to M. bovis infection. Analysis of MAPK activation showed rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in response to M. bovis BCG. Phosphorylation was not due to an autocrine effect of TNF-alpha secretion, since an anti-TNF-alpha antibody had no significant effect on the levels of p38 phosphorylation. The inhibitor PD98059 significantly reduced M. bovis BCG-induced TNF-alpha production and almost completely abrogated phosphorylation of ERK1/2; in addition the potent MEK inhibitor U0126 also abrogated phosphorylation. In contrast, studies using inhibitors selective for ERK1/2 and p38 showed that p38 plays an essential role in the induction of NOS2, whereas the role of ERK1/2 was minor. These results suggest that ERK1/2 and p38 kinases differentially regulate the M. bovis BCG-mediated induction of TNF-alpha and NOS2 in human monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN., Carpio y Plan de Ayala, México DF, Mexico. pmendezs@bios.encb.ipn.mx
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Méndez-Samperio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trejo
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ramírez
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase