title: Crystal structures of phosphodiesterases 4 and 5 in complex with inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine suggest a conformation determinant of inhibitor selectivity.
abstract: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes controlling cellular concentrations of the second messengers cAMP and cGMP. Crystal structures of the catalytic domains of cGMP-specific PDE5A1 and cAMP-specific PDE4D2 in complex with the nonselective inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine have been determined at medium resolution. The catalytic domain of PDE5A1 has the same topological folding as that of PDE4D2, but three regions show different tertiary structures, including residues 79-113, 208-224 (H-loop), and 341-364 (M-loop) in PDE4D2 or 535-566, 661-676, and 787-812 in PDE5A1, respectively. Because H- and M-loops are involved in binding of the selective inhibitors, the different conformations of the loops, thus the distinct shapes of the active sites, will be a determinant of inhibitor selectivity in PDEs. IBMX binds to a subpocket that comprises key residues Ile-336, Phe-340, Gln-369, and Phe-372 of PDE4D2 or Val-782, Phe-786, Gln-817, and Phe-820 of PDE5A1. This subpocket may be a common site for binding nonselective inhibitors of PDEs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huai
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sharron H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Jackie D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Corbin
authors.forename: Hengming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000737:chemistry*; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine