title: Animal models of tendon and ligament injuries for tissue engineering applications.
abstract: Animal modeling continues to be an important component to the critical evaluation of new techniques to treat tendon and ligament injuries. Appropriate choice and analysis of these models is essential. Factors that should be considered in assessing a potential model include the tissue type (ligament versus tendon and intrasynovial versus extrasynovial), the type of injury to be modeled, the techniques of measuring the response to treatment, the ease of comparison to previously published models and finally, the ease of translation to human trials and eventually to clinical usage.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-0363, USA. jcarp@umich.edu
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Kurt D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hankenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012107:Research Design; D013045:Species Specificity; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*