title: Fatal propafenone overdoses: case reports and a review of the literature.
abstract: First synthesized in 1970, propafenone is a frequently used 1C antiarrhythmic drug metabolized into two major metabolites, 5-hydroxypropafenone and norpropafenone. Paradoxically, fatal intoxication is rarely described, and only six cases have been reported in the literature. We report our experience with two patients found dead of self-inflicted poisoning where the propafenone blood concentration was very high (one concentration to our knowledge is one of the highest reported in the literature). At autopsy, no evidence of significant pathological disease were found. Propafenone was detected in blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by high-performance liquid chromatography using a diode-array detector, respectively, as propafenone artifact and propafenone. Blood propafenone concentrations were 4180 ng/mL and 9123 ng/mL. The literature regarding propafenone pharmacokinetic and intoxication is reviewed, and we discuss the low death rate attributed to this drug in contrast to its frequent use.
authors.affiliation: Medical Forensic Institute, Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France. franck.clarot@chu-rouen.fr
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clarot
authors.forename: Jean Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goullé
authors.forename: Marlène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horst
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Proust
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D062787:Drug Overdose; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011405:Propafenone / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011405:Propafenone; D000432:Methanol