title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from gastrointestinal tract cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outcomes in patients with brain metastases from gastrointestinal tract cancers are not well defined. In this study we used precise, single-session, focal tumor irradiation (radiosurgery) in patients with brain metastases and evaluated the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine patients had brain metastases from gastrointestinal tract cancer and were treated with radiosurgery. Thirty-two also had whole brain radiotherapy. Primary lesions included colorectal cancer (n = 25), esophageal cancer (n = 11), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1), duodenal cancer (n = 1), and jejunal cancer (n = 1). Seventy-two tumors were treated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall median survival was 9 months after diagnosis of metastatic brain disease and 5 months after radiosurgery. The 1-year survival rate after radiosurgery was 19%. The last imaging study of 49 tumors showed complete remission (CR) in 3 tumors (6.1%), partial remission (PR) in 27 tumors (55.1%), no change (NC) in 11 tumors (22.4%), and progression in 8 tumors (16.3%). The local tumor control rate (CR, PR, NC) was 84%. Two patients (5.1%) had a new or worsening neurologic deficit after radiosurgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic radiosurgery provides reasonable local control of brain metastases from gastrointestinal tract cancer with few side effects. However, it should be used judiciously in patients with active extracranial cancers since the expected survival may be limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kondziolka
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flickinger
authors.forename: L Dade
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lunsford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016634:Radiosurgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome