title: Virological significance of low-level hepatitis B virus infection in patients with hepatitis C virus associated liver disease.
abstract: The clinical and virological significance of low-level viremia by hepatitis B virus (HBV) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients remains unclear. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were, therefore, quantitatively analyzed in livers and sera from co-infected patients. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were quantitated using real-time detection of polymerase chain reaction (RTD-PCR), based on Taq-Man chemistry, in 220 non-HCV-infected healthy volunteers and 93 HCV-infected patients without detectable HBsAg. Serum HBV-DNA was detected in 4 (1.8%) of 220 non-HCV-infected healthy volunteers and 32 (34.4%) of 93 HCV-infected patients without detectable HBsAg. HCV-infected patients displayed higher frequency of HBV infection than healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was more frequent among co-infected patients than among HCV mono-infected patients (P < 0.001). However, quantities of HBV-DNA in sera from co-infected patients were very low (8-19,000 copies/ml). HBV-DNA was detected in liver tissue from co-infected patients at 2-20 copies per 100 hepatocytes, accounting for 1/1,000 to 1/10,000 of HBsAg positive patients. In livers of patients with HCC and HCV or HBV mono-infection, the viruses existed predominantly in non-cancerous tissue, with levels 10- to 1,000-fold and 1- to 100-fold higher than in cancerous tissue, respectively. In contrast, patients co-infected with HCV and HBV displayed decreased HBV levels in non-cancerous tissue, but no change in cancerous tissue. These results indicate that low-level HBV infection exists in HCV-infected patients. HCC was more common among HCV/HBV co-infected patients than among HCV mono-infected patients. HCV might initiate hepatocarcinogenesis, but does not necessarily determine progression to HCC.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, The Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukiyama-Kohara
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nuriya
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiba
authors.forename: Morio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Michinori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014766:Viremia / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D012367:RNA, Viral