title: Crystal structure of a central stalk subunit C and reversible association/dissociation of vacuole-type ATPase.
abstract: The vacuole-type ATPases (V-ATPases) exist in various intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells to regulate physiological processes by controlling the acidic environment. The crystal structure of the subunit C of Thermus thermophilus V-ATPase, homologous to eukaryotic subunit d of V-ATPases, has been determined at 1.95-A resolution and located into the holoenzyme complex structure obtained by single particle analysis as suggested by the results of subunit cross-linking experiments. The result shows that V-ATPase is substantially longer than the related F-type ATPase, due to the insertion of subunit C between the V(1) (soluble) and the V(o) (membrane bound) domains. Subunit C, attached to the V(o) domain, seems to have a socket like function in attaching the central-stalk subunits of the V(1) domain. This architecture seems essential for the reversible association/dissociation of the V(1) and the V(o) domains, unique for V-ATPase activity regulation.
authors.affiliation: ATP System Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 5800-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan.
authors.forename: Momi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stambouli
authors.forename: Chiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Masatada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makyio
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hankamer
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Masasuke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D020035:Holoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D021122:Protein Subunits; D055672:Static Electricity; D016963:Thermus thermophilus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D020035:Holoenzymes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases