title: In vivo effectiveness of a glycerol-compounded demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft in the rat calvarium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB) is commonly hydrated with sterile water into a paste-like consistency for improved clinical handling or reconstituted with biodegradable barriers, such as glycerol, to promote handling and wound stability following human periodontal surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effects of glycerol-compounded human DFDB on bone formation in the rat calvarial critical-sized defect (CSD) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight adult male Harland Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four treatment groups: glycerol, DFDB, DFDB plus glycerol, or a non-grafted control, and placed into 8 mm calvarial CSDs. DFDB (particle size 0.106 to 0.5 mm), glycerol, and their combination were from identical sources. Calvaria were harvested at 8 weeks postsurgery and evaluated histomorphometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant increased percentage of total bone fill was detected in the glycerol plus DFDB group and DFDB group as compared to glycerol group or the control. However, no significant difference was noted between the DFDB plus glycerol group and the DFDB group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of glycerol to DFDB results in comparable osseous regeneration in the rat calvarium defect model versus DFDB alone; however, based upon clinical judgment, handling characteristics of DFDB were greatly improved.
authors.affiliation: United States Army, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Matzenbacher
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mailhot
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cuenin
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hokett
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharawy
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Peacock
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000473:pathology; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005990:Glycerol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014021:Tissue Preservation; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D005990:Glycerol