title: Effects of mycophenolic acid on IL-6 expression of human renal proximal and distal tubular cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine which regulates immune responses and host defence mechanisms. IL-6 has been found to be increased in certain inflammatory conditions of the kidney, in which tubular epithelial cells play a pivotal role. Human renal tubular cells express IL-6. Until now no data about the effect of the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolic acid (MPA) on IL-6 expression were available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells (PTC/DTC) have been isolated immunomagnetically. Confluent monolayers were stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta; 25 U/ml), IL-1beta+ MPA (0.25-50 micro M) or MPA alone for 48 h. Release of IL-6 protein into the supernatant was evaluated with an enzyme immunoassay, IL-6 mRNA expression was evaluated using the Quantikine mRNA kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After IL-1beta stimulation, a highly significant 2.6- (PTC) and 3.8-fold (DTC) upregulation of IL-6 expression was detectable. IL-6 mRNA was upregulated by IL-1beta [1.57- (PTC) and 2.03-fold (DTC)]. MPA inhibited this cytokine-induced IL-6 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with the lowest MPA concentration had no effect on the stimulated upregulation, whereas all higher doses significantly decreased IL-6 expression. Dexamethasone significantly inhibited the cytokine-induced IL-6 protein release in PTC, but not in DTC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we demonstrated for the first time an inhibitory effect of MPA on the stimulated IL-6 expression of renal tubular epithelial cells. In contrast to older data, which showed a synergistic upregulation of the expression of a CC-chemokine by a combination of cytokines and MPA, in the present study we could demonstrate an immunosuppressive effect of MPA on the expression of an important cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, J.W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. p.baer@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Patrick C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: Binytha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geiger
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid