title: Reversing established sepsis with antagonists of endogenous high-mobility group box 1.
abstract: Despite significant advances in intensive care therapy and antibiotics, severe sepsis accounts for 9% of all deaths in the United States annually. The pathological sequelae of sepsis are characterized by a systemic inflammatory response, but experimental therapeutics that target specific early inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1beta] have not proven efficacious in the clinic. We recently identified high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a late mediator of endotoxin-induced lethality that exhibits significantly delayed kinetics relative to TNF and IL-1beta. Here, we report that serum HMGB1 levels are increased significantly in a standardized model of murine sepsis, beginning 18 h after surgical induction of peritonitis. Specific inhibition of HMGB1 activity [with either anti-HMGB1 antibody (600 microg per mouse) or the DNA-binding A box (600 microg per mouse)] beginning as late as 24 h after surgical induction of peritonitis significantly increased survival (nonimmune IgG-treated controls = 28% vs. anti-HMGB1 antibody group = 72%, P < 0.03; GST control protein = 28% vs. A box = 68%, P < 0.03). Animals treated with either HMGB1 antagonist were protected against the development of organ injury, as evidenced by improved levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. These observations demonstrate that specific inhibition of endogenous HMGB1 therapeutically reverses lethality of established sepsis indicating that HMGB1 inhibitors can be administered in a clinically relevant time frame.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Science, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mahendar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochani
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.forename: Mahira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanovic
authors.forename: Helena E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Srinivas M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Susarla
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ulloa
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiRaimo
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Czura
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: H Shaw
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Mitchell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tracey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments