title: Effects of bile acids on proliferation and ultrastructural alteration of pancreatic cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic cancer in the head is frequently accompanied by jaundice and high bile acid level in serum. This study focused on the direct effects of bile acids on proliferation and ultrastructural alteration of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and PGHAM-1 were explored in this study. The cell lines were cultured in media supplemented with certain bile acids, CA, DCA, LCA, TCDC, TDCA and GCA. Their influence on cell growth was measured with MTT assay after 72 h of incubation. Cell cycles of PANC-1 cells in 40 microM of bile acids media were analyzed by flow cytometry. Ultrastructural alteration of PANC-1 cells induced by DCA was observed using scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At various concentrations of bile acids and incubation time, no enhanced effects of bile acids on cell proliferation were observed. Significant inhibitory effects were obtained in almost all media with bile acids. DCA and CA increased the percentage of G0+G1 phase cells, while GCA and TDCA elevated the S phase cell number. After 48 h of incubation in DCA medium, PANC-1 cells showed some structural damages such as loss of their microvilli and vacuolization of organelles in cytoplasm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bile acids can reduce proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells due to their direct cytotoxicity. This result implies that elevation of bile acids in jaundiced serum may inhibit pancreatic cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zuo-Ren
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts