title: Trihydrophobin 1 is a new negative regulator of A-Raf kinase.
abstract: Our previous work indicated that instead of binding to B-Raf or C-Raf, trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) specifically binds to A-Raf kinase both in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we investigated its function further. Using confocal microscopy, we found that TH1 colocalizes with A-Raf, which confirms our former results. The region of TH1 responsible for the interaction with A-Raf is mapped to amino acids 1-372. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that TH1 is associated with A-Raf in both quiescent and serum-stimulated cells. Wild type A-Raf binds increasingly to TH1 when it is activated by serum and/or upstream oncogenic Ras/Src compared with that of "kinase-dead" A-Raf. The latter can still bind to TH1 under the same experimental condition. The binding pattern of A-Raf implies that this interaction is mediated in part by the A-Raf kinase activity. As indicated by Raf protein kinase assays, TH1 inhibits A-Raf kinase, whereas neither B-Raf nor C-Raf kinase activity is influenced. Furthermore, we observed that TH1 inhibited cell cycle progression in TH1 stably transfected 7721 cells compared with mock cells, and flow cell cytometry analysis suggested that the TH1 stably transfected 7721 cells were G(0)/G(1) phase-arrested. Taken together, our data provide a clue to understanding the cellular function of TH1 on Raf isoform-specific regulation.
authors.affiliation: State Key laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weicheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yanzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xianglei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jianhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wenjin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hanzhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Maoyun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016193:G1 Phase; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D048491:Proto-Oncogene Proteins A-raf; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors; C118437:negative elongation factor; D048491:Proto-Oncogene Proteins A-raf; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf