title: Analysis of genetic variations of protein tyrosine kinase fyn and their association with alcohol dependence in two independent cohorts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreased sensitivity to and increased tolerance for the effects of alcohol is a phenotype, which was shown to be associated with an increased risk for alcoholism in humans and was observed in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) fyn knockout mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an association study of genetic variations of PTK fyn in 430 alcohol-dependent patients and 365 unrelated control subjects from two independent samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a combined analysis, we found an association of alcohol dependence with the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T137346C in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the gene. A relevant association could be excluded for the remaining two informative SNPs. Selection by phenotype showed that a high number of withdrawal symptoms, high amount of alcohol intake, and high maximum number of drinks compared with unrelated control subjects was associated with the SNP in the 5'-UTR region but not with the remaining SNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate a possible association of alcohol dependence with a genotype of the SNP T137346C of the PTK fyn, with C being the risk allele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rujescu
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kissling
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soyka
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahmen
authors.forename: Ullrich W
authors.initials: UW
authors.lastname: Preuss
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wieman
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Depner
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wellek
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lascorz
authors.forename: Brigitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bondy
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giegling
authors.forename: Ion
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anghelescu
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cowen
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poustka
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spanagel
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Fritz A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szegedi
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003545:Cysteine / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn; D013912:Threonine / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D013912:Threonine; C494957:FYN protein, human; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn; D003545:Cysteine; D000409:Alanine; D005998:Glycine