title: Photothermal detection of laser-induced damage in single intact cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most of the studies of laser-induced damage do not analyze individual cells. Objective of this work was to evaluate local photo-induced thermal phenomena in single cells at theoretical and experimental levels for developing the method for real-time detection of laser damage in intact cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Theoretical model of cell-laser interaction assumes local nature of photo-induced thermal effects and describes photodamage through bubble formation. Photothermal (PT) method was suggested for damage detection. Laser-induced damage was verified for individual cells with two techniques through detection of Trypan blue penetration into damaged cell.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific PT responses from blast-transformed lymphocytes were identified independently as result of bubble formation and cell damage. Probability of cell damage was obtained for cells as function of laser pulse energy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Laser load test (LLT) was suggested for real-time detection of damage, damage threshold measurement, and investigation of intact single cells.
authors.affiliation: International Center, Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Minsk, 220072, Belarus. ld@hmti.ac.by
authors.forename: Dmitri O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Lapotko
authors.forename: Ekaterina Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lukianova
authors.forename: Alexander I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Shnip
mesh_terms: D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010782:Photolysis