title: Nickel as a chemical modifier for sensitivity enhancement and fast atomization processes in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium in biological and environmental samples.
abstract: A systematic study of the efficiency of protons, Ni, Pd and Th as chemical modifiers for the determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using fast temperature programs was made for platform atomization. A comparison was made in terms of the salt type, absorbance-time profiles and elimination of the sodium chloride interference. The results were adapted to develop a method for the ETAAS determination of cadmium in biological and environmental samples. The highest sensitivity to determine cadmium in biological and environmental samples was obtained using nickel (together with protons) as a chemical modifier. The accuracy of the method was tested by the determination of cadmium in different certified reference materials. The best detection limit and the characteristic mass of Cd were found to be 0.03 ng mL(-1) and 0.35 pg, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Area of Analytical Chemistry, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Feo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lumbreras
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Celis
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver; D009532:Nickel; D012275:Oryza; D011522:Protons; D012015:Reference Standards; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011522:Protons; D002104:Cadmium; D009532:Nickel