title: Angiogenesis and prostate cancer tumor growth.
abstract: The initiation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is critical to tumor growth. Tumor cells release soluble angiogenic factors that induce neovascularization, without which nutrients and oxygen would not be available to allow tumors to grow more than 2-3 mm in diameter. This "angiogenic switch" or angiogenic phenotype requires an imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors since the formation of new blood vessels is highly regulated. This review discusses angiogenesis mediators, and the potential for manipulation of angiogenic factors as a practical cancer therapy, particularly in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0422, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theodorescu
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases