title: A randomised controlled trial of cytological surveillance versus patient choice between surveillance and colposcopy in managing mildly abnormal cervical smears.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether choice of colposcopy or six month cytological surveillance would be beneficial to women with mildly abnormal smears when compared with the national policy of six months surveillance in terms of psychological morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised trial based on the Zelen design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based research clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and seventy-six women who had had a recurrent borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smear on routine cervical screening in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were randomised either to six months cytological surveillance or to make a choice between that or colposcopy and were followed up for 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was caseness (score >or=4) on the General Health Questionnaire at 12 months follow up. Other measures were the Spielberger State and Trait scores, default rates and cytology/colposcopy outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the arms for General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores and Spielberger State and Trait at 12 months. There was a significant reduction in psychometric morbidity between baseline and 12 months in both arms. Overall rates of default from the protocol were the same in both arms, but default that led to uncertain ascertainment of cervical pathology was greater in the no-choice arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial indicates that having choice did not impact favourably or harmfully on anxiety or feelings of wellbeing. If a patient is anxious, allowing the patient to choose immediate colposcopy may be preferable because it will improve ascertainment of underlying disease in a group who are more likely to default.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kitchener
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maguire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D001706:Biopsy / Q000523:psychology; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000523:psychology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control*