title: Age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score within 6 hours after onset are accurate predictors of outcome after cerebral ischemia: development and external validation of prognostic models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, no validated, comprehensive, and practicable model exists to predict functional recovery within the first hours of cerebral ischemic symptoms. The purpose of this study was to externally validate 2 prognostic models predicting functional outcome and survival at 100 days within the first 6 hours after onset of acute cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  On admission to a participating hospital, patients were registered prospectively and included according to defined criteria. Follow-up was performed 100 days after the event. With the use of prospectively collected data, 2 prognostic models were developed and internally calibrated in 1079 patients and externally validated in 1307 patients. By means of age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score as independent variables, model I predicts incomplete functional recovery (Barthel Index <95) versus complete functional recovery, and model II predicts mortality versus survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the validation data set, model I correctly predicted 62.9% of the patients who were incompletely restituted or had died and 83.2% of the completely restituted patients, and model II correctly predicted 57.9% of the patients who had died and 91.5% of the surviving patients. Both models performed better than the treating physicians' predictions made within 6 hours after admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resulting prognostic models are useful to correctly stratify treatment groups in clinical trials and should guide inclusion criteria in clinical trials, which in turn increases the power to detect clinically relevant differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Duisberg-Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weimar
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kraywinkel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors