title: Effects of information and reward on stimulus-preceding negativity prior to feedback stimuli.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of informational and motivational level of feedback stimuli on the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). In the time estimation task, in which a visual stimulus was presented 3 s after a voluntary movement, (a) the information level (high information and low information) and (b) the motivation level (reward and no-reward) for feedback stimuli were manipulated. Under the high-information condition, subjects received feedback information about (1) correctness (correct or incorrect), (2) direction of error (under- or overestimate), and (3) degree of accuracy (accurate or less accurate) of their time estimation. In the low-information condition, however, they received information about the correctness only. In the reward condition, they received a monetary reward for accurate time estimations but received nothing in the no-reward condition. The results demonstrated a significant interaction of information by motivation level, showing that the SPN amplitude under the reward/high-information was larger than that in the no-reward/high-information condition. The results are discussed in terms of emotional anticipation, taking into consideration the result of self-report that subjects felt to be more motivated when they received precise information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human System Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. kotani@hum.titech.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiraku
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Motonobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Yasutsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D009042:Motivation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012201:Reward; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology