title: Advanced computer assistance for magnetic resonance-guided microwave thermocoagulation of liver tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to utilize computer assistance effectively for both easy and accurate magnetic resonance (MR) image-guided microwave thermocoagulation therapy of liver tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open configuration MR scanner and a microwave coagulator at 2.45 GHz were used. Navigation software, a 3D Slicer, was customized to combine fluoroscopic MR images and preoperative MR images for the navigation. New functions to display MR temperature maps with simple parameter setting, and to record and display the coagulated areas by multiple microwave ablations in the 3-dimensional space (footprinting), were also introduced into the software. The VGA signal of the computer display was directly transferred to the surgeon's monitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The customized software could be used for both accurate image navigation and convenient and easy temperature monitoring. Because repeated punctures and ablations are usually required in this procedure, the footprinting function made targeting of the tumors both easy and accurate and was quite effective in achieving the necessary and sufficient treatment. Furthermore, clear display on the surgeon's monitor, which was obtained by direct transfer of the VGA signal, enabled precise image navigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed computer assistance was quite useful and helpful for this MR-guided procedure.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inubushi
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurumi
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demura
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Hasnine A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hata
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature