title: Emotional risk factors and postconcussional disorder.
abstract: Emotional risk factors were examined in 129 litigant and nonlitigant patients diagnosed with Postconcussional Disorder (PCD) following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI). According to Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) criteria, four subgroups emerged: (a) 14.7% met criteria for an Axis I disorder, (b) 24.8% for an Axis II disorder, (c) 24.0% for bout Axis I and II disorders, and (d) 36.4% fell below threshold for psychopathology. Thus, 63.5% endorsed emotional pathology. Of the four groups, those with both Axis I and II psychopathology presented the greatest number of emotional complaints in a clinical interview and manifested the lowest neurocognitive test scores. Motor skills, verbal abilities, memory functioning, and IQ were primarily affected. With the exception of post-morbid emotional complaints, no significant differences were identified between litigants and nonlitigants. Our analysis suggests that the combination of both Axis I and II psychopathology is associated with greater impairment following MTBI.
authors.affiliation: Neurobehavioral Assessment Department, The Hume Center, USA.
authors.forename: Laeeq
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Evered
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldo
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isomura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D015984:Causality; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors