title: Psychosocial predictors of increased smoking stage among sixth graders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of increases in smoking stage among sixth graders.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the beginning and end of sixth grade, 973 students completed surveys. Multivariate, partial proportional odds analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time 1 intenders were 4 times more likely than never users to smoke at Time 2. In adjusted analyses, female sex, white race, peers, and perceived prevalence were positively associated with an increase in smoking stage, and social competence, parental expectations, and parental monitoring were negatively associated with an increase in smoking stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early adolescent smoking advanced in stages; intent predicted initiation; peer and parent influences were independently associated with increases in smoking stage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852-7510, USA. MORTONB@exchange.nih.gov
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Simons-Morton
authors.forename: Denise L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Haynie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology