title: Bouveret's syndrome complicated by a distal gallstone ileus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric outlet obstruction caused by duodenal impaction of a large gallstone migrated through a cholecystoduodenal fistula has been referred as Bouveret's syndrome. Endoscopic lithotomy is the first-step treatment, however, surgery is indicated in case of failure or complication during this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report herein an 84-year-old woman presenting with features of gastric outlet obstruction due to impacted gallstone. She underwent an endoscopic retrieval which was unsuccessful and was further complicated by distal gallstone ileus. Physical examination was irrelevant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopy revealed multiple erosions around the cardia, a large stone in the second part of the duodenum causing complete obstruction, and wide ulceration in the duodenal wall where the stone was impacted. Several attempts of endoscopic extraction by using foreign body forceps failed and surgical intervention was mandatory. Preoperative ultrasound evidenced pneumobilia whilst computerized tomography showed a large stone, 5 cm x 4 cm x 3 cm, logging at the proximal jejunum and another one, 2.5 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm, in the duodenal bulb causing a closed-loop syndrome. She underwent laparotomy and the jejunal stone was removed by enterotomy. Another stone reported as located in the duodenum preoperatively was found to be present in the gallbladder by intraoperative ultrasound. Therefore, cholecystoduodenal fistula was broken down, the stone was retrieved and cholecystectomy with duodenal repair was carried out. She was discharged after an uneventful postoperative course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the simplest and the least morbid procedure, endoscopic stone retrieval should be attempted in the treatment of patients with Bouveret's syndrome. When it fails, surgical lithotomy consisting of simple enterotomy may solve the problem. Although cholecystectomy and cholecystoduodenal fistula breakdown is unnecessary in every case, conditions may urge the surgeon to perform such operations even though they carry high morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. rgencosmanoglu@marmara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Rasim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gencosmanoglu
authors.forename: Resit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inceoglu
authors.forename: Caglar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baysal
authors.forename: Sertac
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akansel
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tozun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D045823:Ileus / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome