title: Novel diagnostic test for acute stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The absence of a widely available and sensitive diagnostic test for acute cerebral ischemia remains a significant limitation in the diagnosis and management of stroke. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of developing a diagnostic panel of blood-borne biochemical markers of cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial blood samples were obtained from patients (n=65 with suspected ischemic stroke, n=157 control subjects) presenting to an academic medical center emergency department. We analyzed 26 blood-borne markers believed to play a role in the ischemic cascade and created a 3-variable logistic regression model to predict the clinical diagnosis of stroke, defined as persistent neurological symptoms of cerebral ischemia lasting >24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 26 blood-borne markers analyzed, univariate logistic analysis revealed that 4 were highly correlated with stroke (P<0.001): a marker of glial activation (S100beta), 2 markers of inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular cell adhesion molecule), and 1 marker of thrombosis (von Willebrand factor). When the outcome level was set to a cutoff of P=0.1, our logistic model provided a sensitivity and specificity of 90% for predicting stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A panel of blood-borne biochemical markers may be helpful in identifying patients with acute cerebral ischemia who could benefit from urgent care. Such a test may also be helpful in identifying stroke patients in the prehospital setting so that they could be fast-tracked to an institution equipped to care for patients with acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blessing
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Hilary P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Grocott
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Laskowitz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013997:Time Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9