title: Redox state of near infrared spectroscopy-measured cytochrome aa(3) correlates with delayed cerebral energy failure following perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia in the newborn pig.
abstract: Early detection of delayed cerebral energy failure may be important in the prevention of reperfusion injury of the brain after severe perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI). This study investigated whether monitoring of the redox state of cytochrome aa(3) (Cytaa(3)) with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) after severe perinatal asphyxia may allow us to detect early a compromised energy metabolism of the developing brain. We therefore correlated serial Cytaa(3) measurements (to estimate mitochondrial oxygenation) simultaneously with the (31)phosphorous-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS)-measured phosphocreatin/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) ratio (to estimate cerebral energy reserve) in newborn piglets before and after severe hypoxia-ischaemia. The animals were treated upon reperfusion with either allopurinol, deferoxamine, or 2-iminobiotin or with a vehicle to reduce post-HI reperfusion injury of the brain. Four sham-operated piglets served as controls. Before HI, the individual Cytaa(3) values ranged between -0.02 and 0.71 micromol/L (mean value: -0.07) relative to baseline. The pattern over post-HI time of the vehicle-treated animals was remarkably different from the other groups in as far Cytaa(3) became more oxidised from 3 h after start of HI onwards (increase of Cytaa(3) as compared with baseline), whereas the other groups showed a significant reduction over time (decrease of Cytaa(3) as compared with baseline: allopurinol and deferoxamine) or hardly any change (2-iminobiotin and sham-operated piglets). Vehicle-treated piglets showed a significant reduction in PCr/Pi at 24 h after start of HI, but the cerebral energy state was preserved in 2-iminobiotin-, allopurinol- and deferoxamine-treated piglets. With severe reduction in PCr/Pi-ratio, major changes in the redox-state of Cytaa(3) also occurred: Cytaa(3) was mostly either in a reduced state (down to -6.45 micromol/L) or in an oxidised state (up to 6.84 micromol/L) at these low PCr/Pi ratios. The positive predictive value (PPV) of Cytaa(3) to predict severe reduction of the PCr/Pi ratio was 42%; the negative PPV was 87%. A similar relation was found for Cytaa(3) with histologically determined loss of neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Room KE 04.123.1, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cacha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peeters-Scholte
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van den Tweel
authors.forename: Floris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Bel
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000493:Allopurinol; D001710:Biotin; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; C028072:2-iminobiotin; D003676:Deferoxamine