title: ["Alarm substances" as biological markers indicating emotional state before death].
abstract: This scientific project presents the results of preliminary examinations aimed to identify alarm pheromones secreted by mammals. Wistar male rats were used for the experiment. Animals were treated by aversive sensoric stimuli and fear conditioning procedures. The animals' behaviour was registered. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of air samples taken from their environment was conducted with the use of GC-FID and GC-MSD technics. In the rhinocephalon structures (olfactory bulb, olfactory tract) the concentration of glutamate was measured. During the progress of the experiment increasing behavioral reactions of anxiety were observed in the rats. In their atmosphere organic compounds were identified. Some of them can be considered to be alarm substances. In the examined structures of the rhinocephalon on increased concentration of glutamate in each individual was revealed.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Sadowej AM w Gdańsku.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gos
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marczak
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janicki
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiergowski
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karaszewski
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Łuczak
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzyzanowski
authors.forename: Łucja
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Wodniak-Ochocińska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000378:metabolism; D010675:Pheromones / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; D018698:Glutamic Acid