title: Genotype and subtype analyses of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and possible co-infection of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis D virus (HDV) in blood donors, patients with chronic liver disease and patients on hemodialysis in Surabaya, Indonesia.
abstract: Four subtypes (adw, adr, ayw, and ayr ) and eight genotypes (A to H) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been identified. They appear to be associated with particular geographic distribution, ethnicity, and possibly clinical outcomes. In this study, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping and HBV genotyping were carried out on sera obtained from HBsAg-positive HBV carriers, including healthy blood donors; patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma; and patients on hemodialysis all located in Surabaya, Indonesia. We report here that all HBV isolates tested in Surabaya belonged to genotype B, with more than 90% of them being classified into subtype adw. Our results also revealed that prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection among HBV carriers in Surabaya was approximately 10% for healthy blood donors and patients with chronic liver disease, and approximately 60% for patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Interestingly, HBsAg titers were lower in HBV carriers with HCV co-infection than in those without HCV co-infection. We also found that prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infection was < 0.5% among HBV carriers in Surabaya.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lusida
authors.lastname: Surayah
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakugawa
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagano-Fujii
authors.lastname: Soetjipto
authors.lastname: Mulyanto
authors.forename: Retno
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Handajani
authors.lastname: Boediwarsono
authors.forename: Poernomo B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Setiawan
authors.forename: Chairul A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nidom
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohgimoto
authors.forename: Hak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001782:Blood Donors; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D003699:Hepatitis D / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012703:Serotyping; D014766:Viremia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens