A survey on exposure level, health status, and biomarkers in workers exposed to 1-bromopropane.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects of exposure mainly to 1-bromopropane, which is an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, and to establish biomarkers for assessing 1-bromopropane exposure.


METHODS
Twenty-four female and 13 male workers of a 1-bromopropane-factory were interviewed, and their urine and blood samples were collected. Measured parameters included 1-bromopropane levels in the factory, as well as individual exposure levels, urinary 1-bromopropane levels, enzymatic activity and M subunit's concentration of serum creatine kinase (CK).


RESULTS
Frequent symptoms reported by workers exposed to 1-bromopropane were nose, throat, and eyes irritation or malaise and/or headache. Urinary 1-bromopropane levels correlated significantly with individual exposure levels, but enzymatic activity or CK-M subunit did not.


CONCLUSIONS
The symptoms suggested irritation of the mucous membrane and possible adverse effects on the central nervous system. There were no severe chronic symptoms suggestive of neurological damage in workers exposed to less than 170 ppm. Urinary 1-bromopropane level may be a good indicator of exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:63-75, 2004.
Ichihara
Gaku
G
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. gak@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Li
Weihua
W
Ding
Xuncheng
X
Peng
Simeng
S
Yu
Xiaozhong
X
Shibata
Eiji
E
Yamada
Tetsuya
T
Wang
Hailan
H
Itohara
Seiichiro
S
Kanno
Seiichiro
S
Sakai
Kiyoshi
K
Ito
Hidenori
H
Kanefusa
Kato
K
Takeuchi
Yasuhiro
Y
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002617:Chemical Industry; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000078329:Workforce
D015415:Biomarkers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012997:Solvents; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D052283:Creatine Kinase, MM Form; C118559:1-bromopropane