title: Neuroprotective effects of FK-506, L-carnitine and azathioprine on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In our experimental study, we aimed to test the effect of FK506, azathioprine and L-carnitine on protection of spinal cord injury due to ischemia-reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups. They were subjected to spinal cord ischemia by clamping the abdominal aorta for 45 min. Thirty minutes before the aortic clamping, group I received 0.5 mg/kg FK506, group II received 100 mg/kg L-carnitine, group III received 4 mg/kg azathioprine, the fourth group was the control group and received only normal saline injection intravenously and the last group was the sham group. Neurological status was scored by using the Tarlov scoring system. Sections of the lumbar cord were harvested for histopathological grades (1-4), having regard to percentage of the apoptotic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hind-limb motor function had recovered normally 48 h after the operation in all rats which received FK506, azathioprine and L-carnitine prophylactically. In contrast, all rats in the control group had deteriorated to paraplegia by 48 h after the operation (P<0.05). Histopathologic sections in the involved spinal cord segment showed that a greater number of motor neuron cells were preserved and there were less apoptotic cells in the rats that received FK506, azathioprine and L-carnitine than those in control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that prophylactic use of FK506, azathioprine and L-carnitine protects motor neuron cells from ischemic spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. serdarak@turk.net
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akgun
authors.forename: Atike
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tekeli
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kurtkaya
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Civelek
authors.forename: Selim C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Isbir
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ak
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arsan
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sav
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002331:Carnitine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D001379:Azathioprine; D002331:Carnitine; D016559:Tacrolimus