title: Nrf2 regulates the sensitivity of death receptor signals by affecting intracellular glutathione levels.
abstract: Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator that is essential for the coordinate transcriptional induction of various antioxidant drug-metabolizing enzymes. Numerous studies have firmly established Nrf2's importance in protection from oxidative stress and certain chemical insults. Given the protective function of Nrf2, surprisingly few studies have focused on the relationship between Nrf2 and apoptosis. Therefore, we analysed how Nrf2 influences Fas signaling using Nrf2-deficient T cells. At a concentration of 1 microg/ml, the anti-Fas antibody induced 60% of cell death in Nrf2-deficient cultured thymocytes while, using the same treatment, only 40% of Nrf2 wild-type thymocytes died (P<0.05). Nrf2 deficiency enhances the sensitivity of Fas-mediated apoptosis in T cells. Next we examined the effect of Nrf2 deficiency during hepatocellular apoptosis in vivo. In comparison to wild-type mice, Nrf2-deficient mice displayed more severe hepatitis after induction with the anti-Fas antibody or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The enhanced sensitivity to anti-Fas or TNF-alpha stimulation was restored by preadministration of glutathione ethyl monoester, a compound capable of passing the cell membrane and upregulating the intracellular levels of glutathione. The results indicated that Nrf2 activity regulates the sensitivity of death signals by means of intracellular glutathione levels.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morito
authors.forename: Keigyou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoh
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016923:Cell Death; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D019014:fas Receptor; C042431:S-ethyl glutathione; D005978:Glutathione; D007930:Leucine