title: Leuconostoc gelidum and Leuconostoc gasicomitatum strains dominated the lactic acid bacterium population associated with strong slime formation in an acetic-acid herring preserve.
abstract: Spoilage characterised by strong slime and gas formation affected some manufacture lots of an acetic-acid Baltic herring (Culpea haerengus membras) preserve after few weeks of storage at 0-6 degrees C. The product consisted of herring filets in acetic acid marinade containing sugar, salt, allspice and carrot slices. Microbiological analyses of the spoiled product showed high lactic acid bacterium (LAB) levels ranging from 4.5x10(8) to 2.4x10(9) CFU/g. Yeasts were not detected in any of the herring samples. Since LAB contaminants are seldom associated with fresh fish, LAB populations associated with marinade ingredients (carrots, allspice) were also analyzed. The highest LAB levels exceeding 10(7) CFU/g were detected in equilibrium modified atmosphere packaged baby carrots whereas the levels detected in the allspice samples did not exceed 4.3x10(5). A total of 176 randomly selected LAB isolates originating from herring, carrot and allspice samples were further identified to species level using a 16 and 23S rRNA gene RFLP (ribotyping) database. Leuconostoc gelidum and Leuconostoc gasicomitatum strains dominated both in the spoiled herring and carrot samples. These species are heterofermentative-producing CO(2) from glucose and they also produce dextran from sucrose. Inoculation of some commercial-herring products with spoilage-associated L. gelidum and L. gasicomitatum strains verified that these strains have the capability of producing slime and gas in herring preserves although slime formation was not as strong as in the original samples. Since L. gelidum and L. gasicomitatum strains were commonly detected in carrots, carrot slices used for the fish marinade were considered to be the probable source of these specific spoilage organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology/Meat Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lyhs
authors.forename: Joanna M K
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Koort
authors.forename: Hanna-Saara
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lundström
authors.forename: K Johanna
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Björkroth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000032:analysis; D021521:Ribotyping; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007773:Lactates; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S