title: Association of the Lewis genotype with cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship of Lewis genotypes with major cardiovascular risk factors and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries. Lewis genotyping included four major mutations of the Lewis (FUT3) gene at nucleotide positions 59, 1067, 202 and 314.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two complementary population-based cross-sectional studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship between Lewis genotype and major cardiovascular risk factors was studied in 761 men and women aged 45-64 years without known clinical atherosclerotic disease; 577 were Caucasians and 184 were African-Americans. The association of Lewis genotype and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis was studied in 419 individuals with, and 819 controls without carotid IMT of >1.0 mm, measured by B-mode ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean values of cardiovascular risk factors by Lewis genotype. Lewis genotype frequencies in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with Lewis genotypes consistent with lack of alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase activity (i.e. Lewis-negative genotype) had statistically significantly lower fasting glucose, factor VIIIc, von Willebrand factor and diastolic blood pressure compared with their counterparts with Lewis-positive genotypes. The distribution of Lewis genotypes and haplotypes was not significantly different between individuals with carotid IMT of >1.0 mm (cases) and their controls. The odds of carotid atherosclerosis in carriers of the Lewis-negative genotype was 1.23 (95% confidence interval 0.70-2.16) compared to individuals with Lewis-positive genotype, controlling for age, gender and race/ARIC field centre.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of a statistically significant association between Lewis 'genotype' and subclinical atherosclerosis in our data suggests that earlier studies reporting associations at the 'phenotypic' level may reflect aspects of the biology of the Lewis system other than an inherent genetic property.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pankow
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sharrett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Weston
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005647:Fucosyltransferases / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D005169:Factor VIII; D005647:Fucosyltransferases; C019818:3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase