title: Fusion to GFP blocks intercellular trafficking of the sucrose transporter SUT1 leading to accumulation in companion cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant phloem consists of an interdependent cell pair, the sieve element/companion cell complex. Sucrose transporters are localized to enucleate sieve elements (SE), despite being transcribed in companion cells (CC). Due to the high turnover of SUT1, sucrose transporter mRNA or protein must traffic from CC to SE via the plasmodesmata. Localization of SUT mRNA at plasmodesmatal orifices connecting CC and SE suggests RNA transport, potentially mediated by RNA binding proteins. In many organisms, polar RNA transport is mediated through RNA binding proteins interacting with the 3'-UTR and controlling localized protein synthesis. To study mechanisms for trafficking of SUT1, GFP-fusions with and without 3'-UTR were expressed in transgenic plants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to plants expressing GFP from the strong SUC2 promoter, in RolC-controlled expression GFP is retained in companion cells. The 3'-UTR of SUT1 affected intracellular distribution of GFP but was insufficient for trafficking of SUT1, GFP or their fusions to SEs. Fusion of GFP to SUT1 did however lead to accumulation of SUT1-GFP in the CC, indicating that trafficking was blocked while translational inhibition of SUT1 mRNA was released in CCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A fusion with GFP prevents targeting of the sucrose transporter SUT1 to the SE while leading to accumulation in the CC. The 3'-UTR of SUT1 is insufficient for mobilization of either the fusion or GFP alone. It is conceivable that SUT1-GFP protein transport through PD to SE was blocked due to the presence of GFP, resulting in retention in CC particles. Alternatively, SUT1 mRNA transport through the PD could have been blocked due to insertion of GFP between the SUT1 coding sequence and 3'-UTR.
authors.affiliation: ZMBP Tübingen, Plant Physiology, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. sylvie.lalonde@zmbp.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalonde
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: Rama Panford
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Wolf B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Frommer
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D031425:Plasmodesmata / Q000378:metabolism; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics; D026723:Polyadenylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C078729:sucrose transport protein, plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D011061:Poly A; D005966:Glucuronidase