title: [Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and its combination with lead on the antioxidant system in mouse].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field(ELF EMF) and its combination with lead on the antioxidant system in mouse brain and liver tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were exposed to a 50 Hz sinusoidal 0.2 mT or 6.0 mT EMF for 2 weeks. At the same time, some groups were exposed to lead(50 mg/kg). After the exposure, the antioxidant system and cell membrane fluidity in brain and liver were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malondiadehyde(MDA) content in brain and liver increased from the control levels of (1.33 +/- 0.12) and (3.95 +/- 0.21) nmol/mg pro to (1.35 +/- 0.09) and (6.15 +/- 0.28) nmol/mg pro respectively following 0.2 mT exposure, and to (3.98 +/- 0.10) and (6.50 +/- 0.79) nmol/mg pro respectively following 6.0 mT exposure. Total antioxidant capability(T-AOC) in brain and liver decreased from the control levels of (4.39 +/- 0.48) and (2.45 +/- 0.21) U/mg pro to (3.99 +/- 0.39) and (1.92 +/- 0.32) U/mg pro respectively following 0.2 mT, and to (3.12 +/- 0.37) and (1.57 +/- 0.14) U/mg pro respectively following 6.0 mT. GSH content decreased only in liver tissue from the control level of (194.60 +/- 20.93) mg/g pro to (189.24 +/- 5.61) mg/g pro(0.2 mT) and (153.04 +/- 1.18) mg/g pro(6.0 mT). Cellular membrane fluidity decreased from the control levels of (1.396 +/- 0.040) and (2.899 +/- 0.552) to (1.224 +/- 0.190) and (1.894 +/- 0.0761) (0.2 mT), (1.159 +/- 0.179) and (1.516 +/- 0.204)(6.0 mT) respectively. Compared with single EMF exposure(6.0 mT), EMF combined with lead exposure induced remarkable increase in MDA, GSH content and T-AOC and decrease in cell membrane fluidity both in the brain and liver, and increase in SOD activity only in liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ELF EMF might alter the metabolism of free radicals, decrease anti-oxidant capability and enhance lipid peroxidation. The combination of EMF with lead showed synergic effects on lipid peroxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Enqi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007854:Lead; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione