title: Influence of recipient and donor IL-1alpha, IL-4, and TNFalpha genotypes on the incidence of acute renal allograft rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether polymorphisms of the genes encoding donor or recipient interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), or IL-4 have any impact on the incidence of acute rejection after renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All donors and recipients were genotyped for three polymorphisms in the three cytokine genes: IL1A -889, TNFA -308, and IL4 -590.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis of the data obtained revealed no association between the cytokine gene polymorphisms tested and the incidence of post-transplant acute rejection. After stratification for human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching, it was found that kidneys from donors positive for the TNFA-A allele had a significantly increased incidence of acute rejection in HLA-DR mismatched transplants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding argues for prospective TNFA genotyping of renal donors, with avoidance of allocation of kidneys from donors positive for the TNFA-A allele to HLA-DR mismatched recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation Immunology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. helena.lee@cmmc.nhs.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gooi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoves
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Newstead
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015847:Interleukin-4