title: Combination of "atypical" antipsychotic medication in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article reviews the published clinical data on treatment-resistant schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients managed with combinations of "atypical" antipsychotic medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized MEDLINE literature search covering an 18-year period (1985-2003) was conducted. All pertinent papers on the subject of the use of combination "atypical" antipsychotic medication in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were obtained with subsequent analysis and discussion of the retrieved data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search identified 29 case reports and case series reports (172 patients) and one double-blind placebo-controlled trial (28 patients) describing the use of combination "atypical" antipsychotic medication (clozapine-risperidone; clozapine-sulpiride; clozapine-olanzapine; clozapine-quetiapine; olanzapine-sulpiride; olanzapine-quetiapine; risperidone-olanzapine; risperidone-quetiapine) in the treatment of resistant schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. An overview of results suggests that the combinations were beneficial in the described patients with reduction of positive symptoms and occasionally negative symptoms. Significant adverse effects, while rare, were reported in a few cases and did not appear to different in nature from those managed on monotherapeutic regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combinations of "atypical" antipsychotic medications are well tolerated and may be effective in the management of treatment refractory schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. However, further double-blind placebo-controlled trials are required in order to test and confirm these observations.
authors.affiliation: Be'er-Sheva Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion, University of the Negev, P.O. Box 4600, Be'er-Sheva 84170, Israel. lernervld@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Libov
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotler
authors.forename: Rael D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Strous
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents