title: Predictive value of the balloon expulsion test for excluding the diagnosis of pelvic floor dyssynergia in constipation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish a simple method to exclude the possibility of pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD) in constipated patients and thus avoid unnecessary expensive physiologic studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with suspicion of functional constipation (FC) were studied prospectively between 1994 and 2002, excluding those with severe systemic, psychological, or symptomatic anorectal/colonic disorders or taking medications that might modify symptoms or results of studies. Diagnosis of PFD was established retrospectively by manometric plus defecographic findings according to Rome II criteria. Two groups of patients were identified: FC without PFD (FC group) and PFD group. A 30-day symptom diary and balloon expulsion test results were evaluated in all patients. Clinical differences and results of the expulsion test were statistically compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 359 patients evaluated, 130 were included (FC group, 106; PFD group, 24). According to data from the diary, only anal pain was more frequent in the PFD group compared with the FC group (anal pain in >25% of defecations, 70.8% vs. 40.6%; P < 0.05, chi(2) test). The expulsion test was pathologic in 21 of 24 patients with PFD and 12 of 106 without PFD. The specificity and negative predictive value of the test for excluding PFD were 89% and 97%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The balloon expulsion test is a simple and useful screening procedure to identify constipated patients who do not have PFD. Symptoms are not enough to differentiate between subtypes of constipation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. mminguez@uv.es
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minguez
authors.forename: Belen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herreros
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanchiz
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Almela
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Añon
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benages
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology; D001259:Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003248:Constipation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003672:Defecation; D019841:Defecography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires