title: Use of sedative and analgesic drugs in the first week of ICU stay in high-level-of-care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to update the current practice of pharmacological sedation and analgesia in Italian intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  observational, prospective, cohort study involving consecutive patients admitted during 5 months in 1999. PATIENTS were evaluated for the first 7 days of high-level-of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 adult general intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  388 fulfilling enrollment criteria: admission diagnosis out of non-traumatic cerebral hemorrage, stroke, respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury/distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), polytrauma, head trauma, cardiac failure and major abdominal surgery; unit stay longer than 47 hours and high-level-of care treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sedation pattern was different among diagnosis-groups. No therapy was registered in 18.8% of overall days in polytrauma vs 67.6% of cardiac patients. Opioids supply ranged from 10.1% of overall days of acute on COPD patients vs 51.4% of polytrauma patients. Propofol was the more prescribed drug, followed by opioids and benzodiazepines. Propofol was at the top in cerebrovascular disease, ALI/ARDS and COPD; opioids in abdominal surgery and trauma, benzodiazepines in cardiac failure. The average number of prescribed drugs per day was 1.5 ranging from 1.2 on COPD to 1.7 in head trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis influences the pattern of sedation-analgesia during high-level-of-care period. Sedation prevalence is reasonably prescribed in trauma groups while it remains low in ALI/ARDS, post-operative, cerebrovascular, COPD and hearth failure. Particularly opioid use remains limited in post-operative patients. This surveys shows a poorly standardised sedation approach to the different phases of the therapy: induction, short and long-term sedation phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. g.iapichino@unimi.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iapichino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melotti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valdambrini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albicini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Mauro
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D000700:Analgesics; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives