title: The thermo-hand method: evaluation of a new indicator pad for acid permeation of chemical protective gloves.
abstract: The thermo-hand method was developed to evaluate a new indicator pad for acid permeation through chemical protective gloves under in-use conditions (controlled conditions for the hand's skin temperature, hand movements, and relative humidity inside gloves). An indicator pad was used to detect both organic and inorganic acid permeation through glove materials. Breakthrough times for five types of gloves were determined and found to range from 5 to 308 min for propionic acid, from 4 to 293 min for acrylic acid, and from 15 min to >6 hours for HCl. Quantification was performed for propionic and acrylic acids following solvent desorption and gas chromatography. Both acids exhibited >99% adsorption (including the volume of acid, which reacted with an indicator to contribute the color change) on the pads at a spiking level of 1.8 micro L for each acid. Acid recovery for the system was calculated for each acid, with results ranging from 52-72% (RSD < or =4.0%) for both acids over the spiking range 0.2-1.8 micro L. The quantitative mass of the acids on the pads at the time of breakthrough detection ranged from 253-276 and 270-296 micro g/cm(2) for propionic acid and acrylic acid, respectively. The thermo-hand method and a new acid indicator pad together should be useful in detecting, collecting, and quantitatively analyzing acid permeation samples in the workplace.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
authors.forename: Evanly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Berardinelli
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D010539:Permeability; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D000143:Acids