title: Benzodiazepine receptor deficiency and tinnitus.
abstract: As regards the symptom of a predominantly central tinnitus of the severe, disabling type, it has been hypothesized that a deficiency in the benzodiazepine receptor exists in the medial temporal lobe system of brain and is directly related to affect impairments including anxiety, stress, depression, and fear. This hypothesis has been investigated with single-photon emission computed tomography using the benzodiazepine radioligand 123I Iomazenil. Visual analysis revealed preliminary results of diminished benzodiazepine-binding sites in the medial temporal cortex of all patients with severe tinnitus (N = 6), a finding that is consistent with the hypothesis implicating GABAergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of the disorder. An abnormal gamma-aminobutyric acid--A benzodiazepine receptor density may be an objective neurochemical measure of the severity of a central-type tinnitus and a rationale for treatment. Clinical correlation with the history, clinical course of the patient, and stress questionnaire are presented.
authors.affiliation: Martha Entenmann Tinnitus Research Center, Inc., Health Sciences Center at Brooklyn, State University of New York, Box 1239, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA. metrc@inch.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Strashun
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Seibyl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daftary
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005442:Flumazenil; C063038:iomazenil