title: Mesenchymal stem cells acquire characteristics of cells in the periodontal ligament in vitro.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into multiple types of cells derived from mesenchyme. Periodontal ligament cells are primarily derived from mesenchyme; thus, we expected mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into periodontal ligament. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on co-cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and periodontal ligament, we observed a significant increase in mesenchymal stem cells' expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin and a significant decrease in expression of bone sialoprotein, characteristics of periodontal ligament in vivo. Increased osteopontin and osteocalcin and decreased bone sialoprotein expression was detected within 7 days and maintained through 21 days of co-culture. We conclude that contact or factors from periodontal ligament induced mesenchymal stem cells to obtain periodontal-ligament-like characteristics. Importantly, analysis of the data suggests the feasibility of utilizing mesenchymal stem cells in clinical applications for repairing and/or regenerating periodontal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA. Pkramer@tambcd.edu
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nares
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000032:analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D053495:Osteopontin; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024061:Collagen Type III; C546871:IBSP protein, human; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin