title: Long-term effects (up to 18 months) of a smoking cessation program among women smokers in public health clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted longitudinal analysis of long-term outcomes of a motivational smoking cessation program. The program consisted of clinic-based minimal interventions delivered to women smokers in public health clinics by clinic personnel, a reminder letter, and an optional brief telephone counseling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects seen in six intervention (N=541) and six control clinics (N=527) were interviewed by telephone 2, 6, 12, and 18 months later. At each measurement point, unadjusted percent abstinence and mean action, motivation, and readiness scores by study group were compared with standard bivariate comparisons tests. Hierarchical linear modeling that adjusted for clustering of subjects within clinics and clustering of results over 18 months (four waves) within individuals was used to compare outcomes by study group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Number of actions toward quitting, motivation, and stage of readiness to quit remained better in the intervention than in the control group up to 18 months. The program effect on abstinence was still significant at 12 months, but not at 18 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to one-time, brief interventions in public health clinics appears sufficient to enhance abstinence up to 12 months, and action toward quitting and motivation and readiness to quit up to 18 months.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. clara@uic.edu
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Crittenden
authors.forename: Young Ik
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011203:Poverty; D011634:Public Health; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States