The technique of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy: resection, clipping and cautery.
Three authors describe their individual technique for performing ETS. These are 1) a two-port approach under singlelung ventilation using a double-lumen tube and cutting the chain, 2) a two-port approach under endotracheal or mask anesthesia and clipping of the chain, and 3) a single-port approach under endotracheal or mask anesthesia and cautery of the chain. The sections are purely didactic and no attempt is made to compare or contrast the methods.
Rennie
J A
JA
Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
Lin
C-C
CC
Cameron
A E P
AE
D002425:Cautery; D003250:Constriction; D006801:Humans; D013562:Sympathectomy; D013906:Thoracoscopy