title: Possible contribution of acetylamrinone and its enhancing effects on platelet aggregation under shear stress conditions in the onset of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with amrinone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombocytopenia is recognized as one of the most common complications when the patients with severe heart failure are treated with cardiotropic phosphodiesterase (PDE)-3 inhibitors. To understand the mechanism of the onset of this complication, we focused on the effects of various PDE-3 inhibitors and its stable metabolite of acetylamrinone on platelet aggregation occurring under physiological shear stress conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood specimens were obtained from eight apparently healthy adult donors. Platelet-rich plasma was separated after anticoagulation by citrate. The effects of PDE-3 inhibitors of amrinone and olprinone, as well as the stable metabolite of the former of acetylamrinone, on platelet aggregation induced by its exposure to a shear rate of 1200 and 10,800 s(-1) were determined by optically modified cone-plate viscometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both olprinone and amrinone inhibited platelet aggregation at 10,800 s(-1) in a dose-dependent manner with the IC(50) value of 14 +/- 1 and 61 +/- 8 microM (mean +/- S.D.), respectively, while amrinone significantly inhibited platelet aggregation at 1200 s(-1) only at highest concentration tested (100 microM). Contrary to the effects shown with PDE-3 inhibitors, acetylamrinone did not inhibit platelet aggregation at all. Moreover, it even enhanced the aggregation at 1200 s(-1) when used with 5 microM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate possible contribution of the enhancing effects of acetylamrinone on platelet aggregation occurring under blood flow conditions, which reduced the platelet count when occurring in real circulation, to the higher incidence of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with amrinone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Athar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshiba
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Shunnosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000676:Amrinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011728:Pyridones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011728:Pyridones; C059498:olprinone; C023499:N-acetylamrinone; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D000676:Amrinone