title: Prospective study of the airways and pulmonary parenchyma of patients at risk for a second lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted our study to compare the number of preneoplastic lesions in the airways and nodules in the pulmonary parenchyma of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer with the patients whose treatment included chest radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were eligible if they had successfully resected stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer or advanced stage non-small cell or small cell lung cancer treated with chest radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and were free of cancer for >2 years. Patients underwent a history and physical examination, white light and fluorescence bronchoscopy, and computerized tomography of the chest. The airway epithelium was examined for preneoplastic histological changes, and the pulmonary parenchyma was examined for the presence of nodules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients at risk for lung cancer were studied between 1997 and 1999. Two patients treated with chest radiotherapy had an area of moderate dysplasia (n=1) and carcinoma in situ (n=1), whereas one patient treated with surgical resection alone had an area of mild dysplasia. Six other patients had metaplasia detected in their airway epithelium. Ten of the 13 patients treated with chest radiotherapy had pulmonary nodules compared with 5 of the 13 patients treated with surgical resection alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ are unusual in patients with resected lung cancer who have stopped smoking for an extended period of time. Patients with lung cancer treated with chest irradiation may be at higher risk for preneoplastic lesions and pulmonary nodules than patients treated with surgical resection alone, but additional patients will need to be studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Means-Markwell
authors.forename: R Ilona
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Linnoila
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Pasi A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jänne
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors