title: The in vitro reconstitution of nucleosome and its binding patterns with HMG1/2 and HMG14/17 proteins.
abstract: Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution followed by slow dilution from high salt to low salt was visualized. Data showed that the histone octamers were dissociated from DNA at 1M NaCl. When the salt concentration was slowly reduced to 650 mM and 300 mM, the core histones bound to the naked DNA gradually. Once the salt concentration was reduced to 50 mM the classic "beads-on-a-string" structure was clearly visualized. Furthermore, using the technique of the in vitro reconstitution of nucleosome, the mono- and di- nucleosomes were assembled in vitro with both HS2core (-10681 to -10970 bp) and NCR2 (-372 to -194 bp) DNA sequences in the 5 flanking sequence of human b-globin gene. Data revealed that HMG 1/2 and HMG14/17 proteins binding to both DNA sequences are changeable following the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes. We suggest that the changeable binding patterns of HMG 14/17 and HMG1/2 proteins with these regulatory elements may be critical in the process of nucleosome assembly, recruitment of chromatin-modifying activities, and the regulation of human b-globin gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Group of Globin Gene Expression and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Shu Bing
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Xiao Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Min Qian
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ruo Lan
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002645:Chickens; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D024261:HMGB2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D024241:HMGN1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D024242:HMGN2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D024261:HMGB2 Protein; D024241:HMGN1 Protein; D024242:HMGN2 Protein; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D005914:Globins; D004247:DNA