title: CagA-positive cytotoxic H. pylori strains as a link between plaque instability and atherosclerotic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies suggested an association between infection by cytotoxic CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains and atherosclerotic stroke. It has been hypothesized that CagA strains could increase the risk for stroke by affecting carotid plaque irregularity. Our aims were: (1) to confirm the association between CagA strains and atherosclerotic stroke, and (2) to assess the association between CagA strains and carotid plaque irregularity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 105 consecutive patients affected by atherosclerotic stroke and 130 sex, age, social background-matched controls without relevant vascular diseases. Risk factors for atherosclerotic stroke, H. pylori infection and CagA status were evaluated in all subjects. The presence of plaque instability was evaluated by colour Doppler ultrasound. The prevalence of CagA-positive strains was significantly higher in patients than in controls (adjusted OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.52-5.88, P=0.002). The CagA seropositivity was the only factor independently associated with carotid plaque irregularity (adjusted OR 8.42, 95% CI 1.58-44.64, P=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence of significant associations between CagA-positive H. pylori strains and the presence of carotid plaque instability support their possible involvement in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Angiology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Gemelli Hospital, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoliquido
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cremonini
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cicconi
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candelli
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serricchio
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tondi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000382:microbiology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori