title: Histologic endometritis in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: characterization and effect of antimicrobial therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence, risk factors, clinical symptoms and signs, and response to antimicrobial therapy of histologic endometritis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women without clinical salpingitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of 42 HIV-infected women enrolled from a single clinic. Subjects underwent standardized history, examination, and laboratory determinations, including endometrial biopsy. Women with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease were excluded. All women were given antibiotics and repeat evaluation in 5-7 weeks. Histologic endometritis was defined by at least one stromal plasma cell per 120x field and five or more surface polymorphonuclear leukocytes per 400x field. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic endometritis was present among 16 (38%) of 42 evaluable HIV-infected women, none of whom had Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Douching three or more times per month, history of ectopic pregnancy, and two or more prior urinary tract infections were associated with endometritis, as was elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < or = .05). Physical examination findings and mean CD4+ lymphocyte count were similar among those with and without endometritis. In the nine HIV-infected women with a repeat biopsy, endometritis decreased from four (44%) to two (22%) after treatment (P = .30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of histologic endometritis in HIV-infected women was high despite few examination findings and no demonstrated pathogens. Endometritis in HIV-infected women might be related to pathogens not evaluated, to prior infection, or to reduced immunity from HIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA. eckert@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Thwin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiviat
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Agnew
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Eschenbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004716:Endometritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents