title: Antitumor activity of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta inhibitors, a novel class of agents, in multiple myeloma.
abstract: In this study, we examined the effects of isoform-specific functional inhibitors of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT), which converts lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, on multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth and survival. The LPAAT-beta inhibitors CT-32176, CT-32458, and CT-32615 induced >95% growth inhibition (P < 0.01) in MM.1S, U266, and RPMI8226 MM cell lines, as well as MM cells from patients (IC(50), 50-200 nM). We further characterized this LPAAT-beta inhibitory effect using CT-32615, the most potent inhibitor of MM cell growth. CT-32615 triggered apoptosis in MM cells via caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Neither interleukin 6 nor insulin-like growth factor I inhibited CT-32615-induced apoptosis. Dexamethasone and immunomodulatory derivatives of thalidomide (IMiDs), but not proteasome inhibitor PS-341, augmented MM cell apoptosis triggered by LPAAT-beta inhibitors. CT-32615-induced apoptosis was associated with phosphorylation of p53 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK); conversely, JNK inhibitor SP600125 and dominant-negative JNK inhibited CT-32615-induced apoptosis. Importantly, CT-32615 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-triggered nuclear factor-kappaB activation but did not affect either tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation or interleukin 6-triggered signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation. Finally, although binding of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells augments MM cell growth and protects against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, CT-32615 induced apoptosis even of adherent MM cells. Our data therefore demonstrate for the first time that inhibiting LPAAT-beta induces cytotoxicity in MM cells in the bone marrow milieu, providing the framework for clinical trials of these novel agents in MM.
authors.affiliation: Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: Dharminder
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Podar
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: MItsiades
authors.forename: Baoqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonham
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Jack W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000217:Acyltransferases; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007527:Isoenzymes; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D013792:Thalidomide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C018764:2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human