title: Using a vortex mixer for testicular sperm collection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate 2 methods of processing testicular tissue for the retrieval of viable sperm from men with nonobstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh testicular tissue was obtained from nonobstructive azoospermia patients using a biopsy needle. The specimens were divided into 2 fractions. All specimens were minced and immersed in human tubal fluid (HTF). The first fraction was filtered through a nylon filter and incubated for 3 hours. The supernatant was centrifuged, resuspended in HTF and analyzed. The second fraction was immediately vortexed for 5 minutes and filtered through a nylon filter. The supernatant was centrifuged, resuspended in HTF and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spermatozoa were obtained in 13 of 24 cases (54.2%) using the vortex method and in 5 of 24 cases (20.8%) with the nylon filter method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vortex mixing method may be a better option than the conventional method for processing testicular tissue for sperm collection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Medical School, Towako Reproduction Center Osaka, Osaka, Japan. otoku@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tokuyama
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ishiko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology