title: Influence of age, sex, and hepatitis C virus infection on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in stable kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young age and hepatitis C virus infection (HCVI) are believed to be risk factors in kidney transplantation recipients. The first group is treated empirically with an intensive immunosuppressive regimen, because it is considered to have high immune alloreactivity. The other cohort usually receives a less intensive regimen to avoid excessive immunosuppressive effects. Our aim was to investigate the influence of age, sex, and HCVI on immune status in stable kidney transplant recipients through measurement of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Absolute CD3+, CD3+, CD4+, CD3+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16+ CD3- lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratios were assessed at five time points in 65 stable kidney allograft patients over 12 months. The subsets were compared according to age, sex, and HCVI of the recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inverse association was observed between recipient age and absolute CD19+ and CD3+ CD4+ lymphocyte counts, which was significant at all time points with respect to CD19+ counts, and at three time points with respect to CD3+ CD4+ counts. A significant positive association was observed between recipient age and absolute CD3- CD16+ lymphocyte counts at three time points. Female recipients showed significantly lower CD3+ CD8+ counts and significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratios than male recipients at four time points. HCVI recipients showed significantly lower CD16+ CD3- counts at four time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed links between immune status and age, sex and HCVI in stable kidney transplant recipients that could offer new insights into recommendations for maintenance immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, Granada 18014, Spain. marenmadrid@hotmail.com
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Esteban de la Rosa
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bravo Soto
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Luna del Castillo
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peinado
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD