title: Multiple TPR motifs characterize the Fanconi anemia FANCG protein.
abstract: The genome protection pathway that is defective in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) is controlled by at least eight genes, including BRCA2. A key step in the pathway involves the monoubiquitylation of FANCD2, which critically depends on a multi-subunit nuclear 'core complex' of at least six FANC proteins (FANCA, -C, -E, -F, -G, and -L). Except for FANCL, which has WD40 repeats and a RING finger domain, no significant domain structure has so far been recognized in any of the core complex proteins. By using a homology search strategy comparing the human FANCG protein sequence with its ortholog sequences in Oryzias latipes (Japanese rice fish) and Danio rerio (zebrafish) we identified at least seven tetratricopeptide repeat motifs (TPRs) covering a major part of this protein. TPRs are degenerate 34-amino acid repeat motifs which function as scaffolds mediating protein-protein interactions, often found in multiprotein complexes. In four out of five TPR motifs tested (TPR1, -2, -5, and -6), targeted missense mutagenesis disrupting the motifs at the critical position 8 of each TPR caused complete or partial loss of FANCG function. Loss of function was evident from failure of the mutant proteins to complement the cellular FA phenotype in FA-G lymphoblasts, which was correlated with loss of binding to FANCA. Although the TPR4 mutant fully complemented the cells, it showed a reduced interaction with FANCA, suggesting that this TPR may also be of functional importance. The recognition of FANCG as a typical TPR protein predicts this protein to play a key role in the assembly and/or stabilization of the nuclear FA protein core complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics and Human Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: Henri J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van de Vrugt
authors.forename: Yne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Johan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Winter
authors.forename: Fré
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arwert
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joenje
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000235:genetics*; D052241:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group G Protein; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009990:Oryzias; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C499909:FANCG protein, human; D052241:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group G Protein