title: Comparative study of acute effects of single doses of fexofenadine, olopatadine, d-chlorpheniramine and placebo on psychomotor function in healthy volunteers.
abstract: Since most classical (first-generation) antihistamines have undesirable sedative effects on the central nervous system (CNS), newer (second-generation) antihistamines have been developed to relieve the sedative effects and to improve the patient's quality of life. However, the psychomotor profiles of second-generation antihistamines are not fully elucidated. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, the acute effects of single doses of second-generation antihistamines, fexofenadine (120 mg) and olopatadine (10 mg), on cognitive and psychomotor performance were investigated in comparison with those of placebo and d-chlorpheniramine (4 mg), a first-generation antihistamine, using objective and subjective assessments, in 11 healthy Japanese volunteers. In a battery of psychomotor tests, d-chlorpheniramine impaired tracking ability in the compensatory tracking task and caused a reduction in behavioural activity as continuously measured by wrist actigraphy. Olopatadine, like d-chlorpheniramine, reduced the behavioural activity, while fexofenadine had no effect in any of the tests. No significant changes in the subjects' self-ratings of drowsiness were found with the three antihistamines. These results suggest that d-chlorpheniramine and olopatadine, but not fexofenadine, produce sedative effects on psychomotor performance, and that the CNS profile of fexofenadine is different from that of olopatadine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senzaki
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hindmarch
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nabeshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002744:Chlorpheniramine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005425:Flicker Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D016593:Terfenadine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000145:classification; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D002744:Chlorpheniramine; D016593:Terfenadine; C093230:fexofenadine