title: Haploinsufficiency of hTERT leads to telomere dysfunction and radiosensitivity in human cancer cells.
abstract: One of the most consistent differences between cancer cells and normal somatic cells is the continuous expression of telomerase, an enzyme that is important for maintenance of chromosome ends, or telomeres. It is believed that telomerase expression allows cancer cells to maintain their telomeres after many cell divisions and thereby avoid replicative senescence. We have tested this hypothesis by targeting the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme, hTERT, in a human cancer cell line. Heterozygous disruption of hTERT led to a reduction in telomerase activity, telomere shortening, activation of DNA damage signaling and the appearance of a subpopulation of cells that displayed features of senescence. Targeted cells were radiosensitive, as compared with parental controls that had two intact hTERT alleles, and expressed a classical marker of senescence after irradiation. These results suggest that telomerase inhibitors might be useful in the sensitization of cancer cells to DNA damaging agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hauguel
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bunz
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D002999:Clone Cells; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018390:Gene Targeting; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016615:Telomere / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019098:Telomerase