title: Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in induction of cell-mediated immunity and resistance to Brucella abortus infection in mice.
abstract: Initial host defense to bacterial infection is executed by innate immunity, and therefore the main goal of this study was to examine the contribution of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) during Brucella abortus infection. CHO reporter cell lines transfected with CD14 and TLRs showed that B. abortus triggers both TLR2 and TLR4. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipid A derived from Brucella rough (R) and smooth (S) strains activate CHO cells only through TLR4. Consistently, macrophages from C3H/HePas mice exposed to R and S strains and their LPS produced higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-12 compared to C3H/HeJ, a TLR4 mutant mouse. The essential role of TLR4 for induction of proinflammatory cytokines was confirmed with diphosphoryl lipid A from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Furthermore, to determine the contribution of TLR2 and TLR4 in bacterial clearance, numbers of Brucella were monitored in the spleen of C3H/HeJ, C3H/HePas, TLR2 knockout, and wild-type mice at 1, 3, and 6 weeks following B. abortus infection. Interestingly, murine brucellosis was markedly exacerbated at weeks 3 and 6 after infection in animals that lacked functional TLR4 (C3H/HeJ) compared to C3H/HePas that paralleled the reduced gamma interferon production by this mouse strain. Finally, by mass spectrometry analysis we found dramatic differences on the lipid A profiles of R and S strains. In fact, S lipid A was shown to be more active to trigger TLR4 than R lipid A in CHO cells and more effective in inducing dendritic cell maturation. In conclusion, these results indicate that TLR4 plays a role in resistance to B. abortus infection and that S lipid A has potent adjuvant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Gracia M S
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rosinha
authors.forename: Igor C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Xirlene S
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Splitter
authors.forename: Nilofer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bruna-Romero
authors.forename: Ricardo T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gazzinelli
authors.forename: Sergio C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002003:Brucella abortus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008050:Lipid A / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D008050:Lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors