title: Patient-based measures of outcome in plastic surgery: current approaches and future directions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate current approaches to patient-based outcome measurement in plastic surgery and make recommendations for future research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive review of the plastic surgery literature relevant to patient-based outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two main types of patient-based outcome measure have been used in the plastic surgery literature: generic and disease-specific. The majority of studies using generic measures investigate aspects of psychological functioning with fewer studies focussing on wider aspects of health-related quality of life. Disease-specific measures are mainly used to assess symptoms. However, almost all of these are ad-hoc measures produced for a particular study, with no psychometric evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of psychometrically sound measures, and there is scope for improvement in methodology used in plastic surgery research. The development and psychometric testing of new plastic surgery specific measures is encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. scano@rfc.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lamping
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome