Does delirium increase hospital stay?
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of prevalent and incident delirium on length of hospital stay.


METHODS
Prospective cohort study, comparing (1). length of stay after admission in cases of prevalent delirium versus controls without prevalent delirium with (2). length of stay after diagnosis in cases of incident delirium versus controls matched by day of diagnosis.


METHODS
The medical services of a primary, acute care hospital.


METHODS
Medical admissions of patients aged 65 and older from the emergency department with delirium diagnosed during the first week in hospital. Patients admitted to intensive care or oncology and those with a primary diagnosis of stroke were excluded. A sample of those without delirium was also enrolled.


METHODS
Delirium was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method. Data on length of stay and diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) were abstracted from administrative data. Measures of covariates included the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly, the Delirium Index, the instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire from the Older American Resources and Services project, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the Clinical Severity Scale, and the Acute Physiology Score.


RESULTS
The study sample comprised 359 patients: 204 with prevalent delirium, 37 with incident delirium, and 118 without delirium. After controlling for covariates, prevalent delirium was not associated with a significantly longer hospital stay, but incident delirium was associated with an excess stay after diagnosis of 7.78 days (95% confidence interval=3.07, 12.48). Similar results were obtained using log-transformed or DRG-adjusted estimates of length of stay.


CONCLUSIONS
In older medical inpatients, incident but not prevalent delirium is an important predictor of longer hospital stay. Interventions to prevent incident delirium may reduce length of stay.
McCusker
Jane
J
Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies Psychiatry, St Mary's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. jane.mccusker@mcgill.ca
Cole
Martin G
MG
Dendukuri
Nandini
N
Belzile
Eric
E
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index