title: Assessment of the magnetic field exposure due to the battery current of digital mobile phones.
abstract: Hand-held digital mobile phones generate pulsed magnetic fields associated with the battery current. The peak value and the waveform of the battery current were measured for seven different models of digital mobile phones, and the results were applied to compute approximately the magnetic flux density and induced currents in the phone-user's head. A simple circular loop model was used for the magnetic field source and a homogeneous sphere consisting of average brain tissue equivalent material simulated the head. The broadband magnetic flux density and the maximal induced current density were compared with the guidelines of ICNIRP using two various approaches. In the first approach the relative exposure was determined separately at each frequency and the exposure ratios were summed to obtain the total exposure (multiple-frequency rule). In the second approach the waveform was weighted in the time domain with a simple low-pass RC filter and the peak value was divided by a peak limit, both derived from the guidelines (weighted peak approach). With the maximum transmitting power (2 W) the measured peak current varied from 1 to 2.7 A. The ICNIRP exposure ratio based on the current density varied from 0.04 to 0.14 for the weighted peak approach and from 0.08 to 0.27 for the multiple-frequency rule. The latter values are considerably greater than the corresponding exposure ratios 0.005 (min) to 0.013 (max) obtained by applying the evaluation based on frequency components presented by the new IEEE standard. Hence, the exposure does not seem to exceed the guidelines. The computed peak magnetic flux density exceeded substantially the derived peak reference level of ICNIRP, but it should be noted that in a near-field exposure the external field strengths are not valid indicators of exposure. Currently, no biological data exist to give a reason for concern about the health effects of magnetic field pulses from mobile phones.
authors.affiliation: STUK Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 14, FIN-00881, Finland. kari.jokela@stuk.fi
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puranen
authors.forename: Ari-Pekka
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sihvonen
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D040421:Cell Phone; D003198:Computer Simulation; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008959:Models, Neurological; D011827:Radiation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*