title: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in prostate cancer cell lines.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and is often associated with bone metastases. Prostate cancer bone lesions can be lytic or schlerotic, with the latter predominating. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of growth factors, which may play a role in the formation of prostate cancer osteoblastic bone metastases. This study evaluated the effects of BMPs on prostate cancer cell lines. We observed growth inhibitory effects of BMP-2 and -4 on LNCaP, while PC-3 was unaffected. Flow cytometric analysis determined that LNCaP cell growth was arrested in G(1) after bone morphogenetic protein-2 treatment. Treatment of LNCaP and PC-3 with BMP-2 and -4 activated downstream signaling pathways involving SMAD-1, up-regulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1) and changes in retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation. Interestingly, bone morphogenetic protein-2 treatment stimulated a 2.7-fold increase in osteoprotegerin (OPG), a molecule, which inhibits osteoclastogenesis, production in PC-3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vessella
mesh_terms: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000502:physiology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051898:Smad1 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; C497399:SMAD1 protein, human; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051898:Smad1 Protein; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta