title: Ectopic expression of a Haemonchus contortus GATA transcription factor in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals conserved function in spite of extensive sequence divergence.
abstract: Comparative analysis between Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematode species offers a powerful approach to study gene function. C. elegans also has great potential as a surrogate expression system to study the function of genes from parasitic nematode species where transgenic methodologies are unavailable. However there is little information on the extent to which the biology of C. elegans is conserved with other nematode species and very few parasitic nematode genes have yet been functionally expressed in C. elegans. We have identified and characterised a homologue of the C. elegans GATA transcription factor elt-2, a central regulator of endoderm development, from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. The H. contortus ELT-2 polypeptide is present in endoderm nuclei throughout embryonic and post-embryonic development, except for in the infective L3 stage, and our experiments reveal that the development of the H. contortus endodermal lineage is strikingly similar to that of C. elegans. Sequence conservation between the H. contortus and C. elegans ELT-2 polypeptides broadly reflects function since the major region of sequence identity corresponds to the DNA binding domain. However, the overall level of sequence identity is remarkably low with the only other major region of identity corresponding to an unusual zinc finger domain. In spite of this, ectopic expression of the H. contortus elt-2 gene in transgenic C. elegans is sufficient to activate a programme of endodermal differentiation demonstrating that function is highly conserved. This approach of ectopic expression using an inducible promoter provides an effective way in which to use C. elegans for the in vivo functional analysis of parasitic nematode genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: Annabelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Couthier
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGarr
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gilleard
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004707:Endoderm; D050980:GATA Transcription Factors; D015870:Gene Expression; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000235:genetics*; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019076:Transgenes; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D018509:DNA, Helminth; C094134:ELT-2 protein, C elegans; D050980:GATA Transcription Factors; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors