title: Opposite effects of prostacyclin on hepatic blood flow and oxygen consumption after burn and sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Burn and sepsis are associated with hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury. This study examines the hypothesis that postburn treatment with the vasodilator prostacyclin would be beneficial for hepatic perfusion and oxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female pigs (n = 18, 20-25 kg) underwent laparotomy, during which ultrasonic flow probes were placed on the portal vein and the common hepatic artery. Catheters were inserted in the superior mesenteric and left hepatic veins. After 5 days, all animals were anesthetized and 12 of them received 40% total body surface area third-degree burn; 100 microg/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered 18 hours postburn. Burned animals were randomized to receive a constant infusion of iloprost (20 ng/kg per minute) or an equivalent amount of carrier solution (normal saline). All animals were studied for 42 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burn caused a 2.5-fold increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance (HAVR) and a 39% decrease in hepatic arterial blood flow (HABF). Postburn administration of iloprost did not improve the hepatic arterial hemodynamics (1.8-fold increase in HAVR and 38% decrease in HABF). Post-LPS, HABF was significantly reduced to 22% of baseline and HAVR was 15-fold increased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, ANOVA). In contrast, iloprost-treated animals did not show hepatic arterial vasoconstriction, as both HABF and HAVR remained baseline values during the endotoxic phase (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Postburn iloprost treatment yielded a significant improvement in post-LPS portal venous blood flow (PVBF, 79% of baseline vs. 45% of baseline in nontreated animals, P < 0.05, ANOVA). Portal venous pressure showed 16% and 56% increases after burn and endotoxin, respectively. Portal hypertension did not occur in iloprost-treated animals, as portal venous pressure remained within baseline range (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Burn and endotoxemia resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic oxygen delivery (hDO2, 63% and 12% of baseline, respectively) and hepatic oxygen consumption (hVO2, 61% and 21% of baseline, respectively). Only during the postburn endotoxic phase, iloprost improved hDO2 and hVO2 (140% and 79%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postburn prostacyclin treatment appears to have no beneficial effects on hepatic perfusion early postburn. However, during the late postburn endotoxic phase, prostacyclin seems to significantly improve hepatic total blood flow and oxygenation. In addition, prostacyclin treatment attenuated burn- and endotoxin-induced portal hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Burns Institute and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. t.tadros@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tadros
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Traber
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011464:Epoprostenol