title: Ruminal fermentation and bacterial protein synthesis of whole cottonseed coated with combinations of gelatinized corn starch and urea.
abstract: Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Jersey cows were used in a 4 x 5 incomplete Latin square study to determine the effects of including urea in the gelatinized corn starch coating applied to whole cottonseed (WCS) on ruminal fermentation, fiber digestion, and bacterial protein synthesis. Treatments included uncoated WCS (control) and four coated WCS treatments. The coatings provided two concentrations each of gelatinized corn starch (2.5 [2S] or 5% [5S]) and feed grade urea (0.25 [2U] or 0.5% [5U]). Treated WCS comprised 15% of the ration dry matter that was fed as a total mixed ration once daily. Ruminal pH and molar proportions of isobutyrate was higher and NH3-N concentrations lower for control compared with coated WCS. Molar proportions of propionate tended to be higher and valerate was lower with 2S compared with 5S. Molar proportions of acetate tended to be lower, whereas butyrate was higher for 5U than 2U. Nutrient intake was lower for WCS coated with 5S5U compared with 2S5U. Ruminal NDF digestibility of NDF tended to be higher with 5U compared with 2U, but no differences were observed in ruminal or total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients. No differences were observed in the flow of total N or bacterial N to the duodenum, but the flow of nonbacterial N tended to be higher for WCS coated with 5U. Coating WCS appears to slightly alter ruminal metabolism while providing similar amounts of N flowing to the duodenum without altering fiber digestion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton 31793-0748, USA. jbernard@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Trammell
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wedegaertner
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009584:Nitrogen; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012639:Seeds; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014508:Urea; D013213:Starch; D009584:Nitrogen