title: Assessment of para-aortic lymph nodes by intraoperative sonography in gynecological malignancies: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the usefulness of intraoperative sonography for the assessment of para-aortic lymph nodes in gynecological malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The assessment of para-aortic lymph node swelling by computed tomography (CT), palpation during surgery and intraoperative sonography was performed in 43 women with a gynecological malignancy. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of each technique for assessment of node metastasis were examined in the 33 women who underwent para-aortic lymphadenectomy. For each of the three assessment techniques, the number of para-aortic lymphadenectomies that would have been performed and the number of women who would have had missed metastasis were evaluated assuming a para-aortic lymphadenectomy would be performed only when swollen nodes were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Para-aortic nodes were assessed to be swollen by CT, palpation, and intraoperative sonography, respectively, in one, six and 10 of 43 women in total, and in one, six and nine of the 33 women who underwent para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of intraoperative sonography were 100%, while the specificity and positive predictive value of CT were 100%. If para-aortic lymphadenectomy had been performed only when swollen nodes were detected by intraoperative sonography, the number performed would have decreased from 33 to nine without missing lymph-node metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative sonography has potential for the assessment of para-aortic lymph nodes in gynecological malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. yonchi@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasugi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010173:Palpation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed