title: Dosimetry considerations in the head and retina for extremely low frequency electric fields.
abstract: Magnetophosphenes are investigated from the viewpoint of electromagnetic dosimetry. Induced current density and internal electric fields at the threshold of perception are estimated by analytical and numerical calculations, assuming different models. Dosimetry for electrophosphenes is also discussed and compared with that for magnetophosphenes. The distribution of current density and internal electric fields is consistent with the experimental observation that flashing sensations reach their greatest intensity at the periphery of the visual field, for both electro and magnetophosphenes. The estimated thresholds in internal electric fields are consistent for magnetophosphenes and for electrophosphenes, respectively. The magnitudes of the thresholds, however, differ by about 10-fold. The thresholds in induced current density are critically dependent on the conductivity of the eye assumed for the calculations. The effect of thin membrane structure is also discussed with regard to the difference between electric field and magnetic field exposures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. taki@eei.metro-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004560:Electricity; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D008959:Models, Neurological; D010719:Phosphenes / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects