title: A glucose biosensor based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering: improved partition layer, temporal stability, reversibility, and resistance to serum protein interference.
abstract: This work updates the recent progress made toward fabricating a real-time, quantitative, and biocompatible glucose sensor based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The sensor design relies on an alkanethiolate tri(ethylene glycol) monolayer that acts as a partition layer, preconcentrating glucose near a SERS-active surface. Chemometric analysis of the captured SERS spectra demonstrates that glucose is quantitatively detected in the physiological concentration range (0-450 mg/dL, 0-25 mM). In fact, 94% of the predicted glucose concentrations fall within regions A and B of the Clarke error grid, making acceptable predictions in a clinically relevant range. The data presented herein also demonstrate that the glucose sensor provides stable SERS spectra for at least 3 days, making the SERS substrate a candidate for implantable sensing. Glucose sensor reversibility and reusability is evaluated as the sensor is alternately exposed to glucose and saline solutions; after each cycle, difference spectra reveal that the partitioning process is largely reversible. Finally, the SERS glucose sensor successfully partitions glucose even when challenged with bovine serum albumin, a serum protein mimic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
authors.forename: Chanda Ranjit
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Yonzon
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Van Duyne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D004355:Drug Stability; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D005947:Glucose