title: Effects of Cu2+, CrO4(2-), Co2+ and Pb2+ on the monovalent ion content of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio) tissues studied by X-ray microanalysis.
abstract: Carassius auratus gibelio was chosen as an organism with a high level of tolerance against heavy metal to investigate changes in monovalent ions content in its tissues. Fish were kept in 10 ppm Cu2+ (3h), CrO4(2-) (96h), Co2+ (96h), Pb2+ (8h) and control (96h) solutions, then tissues were dissected and prepared for X-ray microanalysis. K+, Na+ and Cl- concentration was measured and calculated. Short periods of time of fish acclimation to Cu2+ (3h) and Pb2+ (8h) caused fish to suffocate as a consequence of heavy metal ions binding to gill mucopolisaccharides. Cl- and Na+ content decreased after Cu2+ treatment in kidney cells and muscle fibers, and so did K+ concentration in gill cells in comparison to control. After that CrO4(2-) ions acclimation changes in all tissues and in all measured ions were observed. Similar effects were observed in Co2+ ions treatment but not for muscle fibers. Pb2+ ions caused an elevation of Cl- and Na+ ions content in gill cells and muscle fibers but decreasing in liver and kidney cells in comparison to control. Changes in monovalent ions concentration are probably related to heavy metal ions influence on ionic pump activity, their interaction with metabolic enzymes, ATP production or membrane phospholipids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytology and Histology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 6, 30-060 Kraków, Poland. tylko@zuk.iz.uj.edu.pl
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tylko
authors.forename: Wincenty
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kilarski
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005880:Gills / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006054:Goldfish / Q000502:physiology; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014873:Water Pollutants; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate