title: Chromosome arm 20q gains and other genomic alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, as analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our recent analysis of gastric cancers and colorectal cancers using comparative genomic hybridization revealed a novel, high frequent copy number increases the long arm of chromosome 20 in association with possible involvement of liver metastases and poor prognosis. This led to further comparative genomic hybridization analysis of chromosomal aberrations in primary tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of the study presented here was to analyze the chromosomal aberrations and to determine the numbers of copies of AIB1, BTAK, DcR3 and E2F1 as putative target genes on chromosome 20q as well as their expression and relation to clinicopathological features in 41 primary tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used comparative genomic hybridization to screen 41 primary tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for changes in the number of copies of DNA sequences. To further characterize the gain of DNA sequences at 20q, we also performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. We examined the relationship between these changes and clinicopathological factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gains in chromosome arm 20q were detected (34.1%) as well as a high level of gain in 20q12-13 (4.8%). AIB1 amplification was observed in 4.9% (2/41), BTAK amplification in 9.8% (4/41), DcR3 amplification was in 4.9% (2/41), and E2F1 amplification in 7.3% (3/41). The survival of patients with BTAK or E2F1 amplification was significantly lower than that of patients without these abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide evidence for a number of previously unknown genomic aberrations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting the existence of target regions relevant to its progression. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with 20q gain showed extensive lung metastases, pleural effusion and liver metastases and poorer prognosis compared to cases without 20q gain. Our results suggest that amplification of BTAK or E2F1 are likely to lead to an increase in the number of malignant phenotypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and that these aberrations can be expected to be useful as markers of poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Department of Hygiene, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan. yfujita@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Chouhei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakakura
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yasuoka
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aragane
authors.forename: Akeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
authors.forename: Hisakazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002890:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053323:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b; D015996:Survival Rate; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053323:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 6b; C505911:TNFRSF6B protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3; C576917:AURKA protein, human; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases