title: Annotation pattern of ESTs from Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells and analysis of the ribosomal protein genes reveal insect-specific features and unexpectedly low codon usage bias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A whole set of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from the Sf9 cell line of Spodoptera frugiperda is presented here for the first time. By this way we want to identify both conserved and specific genes of this pest species. We also expect from this analysis to find a class of protein sequences providing a tool to explore genomic features and phylogeny of Lepidoptera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ESTs display both housekeeping as well as developmentally regulated genes, and a high percentage of sequences with unknown function. Among the identified ORFs, almost all ribosomal proteins (RPs) were found with high EST redundancy and hence sequence accuracy. The codon usage found among RP genes is in average surprisingly much less biased in Lepidoptera than in other organisms. Other Spodoptera genes also displayed a low bias, suggesting a general genome expression feature in this Lepidoptera. We also found that the L35A and L36 RP sequences, respectively, display 40 and 10 amino-acid insertions, both being present only in insects. Sequence analysis suggests that they are probably not subjected to a strong selective pressure and may be good phylogenetic markers for Lepidoptera. Most interestingly, the Lepidoptera sequences of 9 RP genes displayed a specific signature different from the canonical one. We conclude that the RP family allows valuable comparative genomics and phylogeny of Lepidoptera.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  All EST sequence data are available from the private 'Spodo-Base' upon request.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pathologie Comparée, INRA-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, UMR 5087, 30380 Saint Christol-les-Alès, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Landais
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogliastro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nohata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Ferber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duonor-Cérutti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Devauchelle
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D015982:Bias; D002460:Cell Line; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000379:methods*; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein / Q000379:methods*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins