title: Survival following liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether patient and graft survival following transplantation with non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) hepatic allografts is equivalent to heart-beating-donor (HBD) allografts.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  With the growing disparity between the number of patients awaiting liver transplantation and a limited supply of cadaveric organs, there is renewed interest in the use of hepatic allografts from NHBDs. Limited outcome data addressing this issue exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective evaluation of graft and patient survival among adult recipients of NHBD hepatic allografts compared with recipients of HBD livers between 1993 and 2001 using the United Network of Organ Sharing database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NHBD (N = 144) graft survival was significantly shorter than HBD grafts (N = 26856). One- and 3-year graft survival was 70.2% and 63.3% for NHBD recipients versus 80.4% and 72.1% (P = 0.003 and P = 0.012) for HBD recipients. Recipients of an NHBD graft had a greater incidence of primary nonfunction (11.8 vs. 6.4%, P = 0.008) and retransplantation (13.9% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.04) compared with HBD recipients. Prolonged cold ischemic time and recipient life support were predictors of early graft failure among recipients of NHBD livers. Although differences in patient survival following NHBD versus HBD transplant did not meet statistical significance, a strong trend was evident that likely has relevant clinical implications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graft and patient survival is inferior among recipients of NHBD livers. NHBD donors remain an important source of hepatic grafts; however, judicious use is warranted, including minimization of cold ischemia and use in stable recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Abt
authors.forename: Niraj M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Markmann
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Olthoff
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Markmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome