title: Timing of chemoradiotherapy and patient selection for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Predictors of outcome after radiotherapy alone for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are now available from several retrospective studies. On the basis of these, it is theoretically possible to separate patients at risk of local failure from patients at risk of distant metastases (DM). According to classical principles of chemoradiotherapy timing, patients at risk of local failure would benefit mostly from concomitant chemoradiotherapy, whereas patients at risk distantly would benefit from sequential combinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature on combined chemoradiotherapy treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma to assess whether timing of combined treatment matches pattern of failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Available data show a significant overlap of activity, sequential treatments reducing local failure and concomitant treatments reducing DM. Therefore, in the individual patient, the strict adoption of traditional risk profiles in therapeutic decision-making may not fully exploit all the potential therapeutic effects derived from the maximal association of both sequential and concomitant therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whether such combination is clinically worthwhile in every patient with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma needs prospective validation, because of the high toxicity of this modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanguineti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bossi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pou
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Licitra
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors