title: Germ cell tumor-like neoplasms occurring outside the anatomic midline.
abstract: Most germ cell tumors occur in the gonads or in extragonadal sites in the anatomic midline; this article reviews tumors with similar or identical histologic features that arise in other topographic locations. Such lesions often represent the presence of "germ cell-like" or "germinal" components in what is otherwise recognized as a somatic neoplasm; however, they may also occur in pure form. The morphologic and immunohistochemical features of these proliferations are reviewed, according to the types of germ cell tumors that they recapitulate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. maniv001@umn.edu
authors.forename: J Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Manivel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pambuccian
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000556:secondary*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor