title: Human corneal stromal tissue concentration after consecutive doses of topically applied 3.3% vancomycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate vancomycin penetration into human corneal stromal tissue in patients treated with topical vancomycin eyedrops before penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty four patients who underwent PKP, seven patients with keratoconus (group 1) and 17 patients with corneal scar or corneal decompensation (group 2). All patients received topical application of vancomycin eyedrops (concentration: 33 mg/ml) 10, 3, 2, 1 hour, and 15 minutes before the operation. Corneal cumulative vancomycin levels were assessed by bioassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean vancomycin corneal stromal tissue concentration was 46.7 (SE 4.11) microg/g tissue. This value was four to 20-fold in excess of the MIC90 of vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus (2-10 microg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vancomycin reached high corneal tissue concentrations that significantly exceeded the MIC90 (2-10 microg/ml) for most key Gram positive corneal pathogens. The ratio of vancomycin stromal concentration to protein concentration was statistically higher in group 2 (non-keratoconus).
authors.affiliation: Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621 Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cahane
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ben Simon
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Barequet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grinbaum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diamanstein-Weiss
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D014640:Vancomycin