title: Evidence for a role of human organic anion transporters in the muscular side effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of human organic anion transporters (human OATs) in the induction of drug-induced skeletal muscle abnormalities. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have been clinically used for lowering plasma cholesterol levels, and are known to induce various forms of skeletal muscle abnormalities including myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that human OAT1 and human OAT3 are localized in the cytoplasmic membrane of the human skeletal muscles. The activities of human OATs were measured using mouse cell lines from renal proximal tubules stably expressing human OATs. Human OAT3, but not human OAT1, mediates the transport of pravastatin. Fluvastatin inhibited organic anion uptake mediated by human OAT1 in a mixture of competitive and noncompetitive manner, whereas simvastatin and fluvastatin noncompetitively inhibited the organic anion uptake mediated by human OAT3. In conclusion, the organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 are localized in the cytoplasmic membrane of human skeletal muscles. Pravastatin, simvasatin, and fluvasatin inhibit human OATs activity. These results suggest that muscle organic anion transporters play a role in the muscular side effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noshiro
authors.forename: Maristela Lika
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Onozato
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tojo
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasannejad
authors.forename: Xiu-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narikawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters