title: Sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates calcium signaling in guinea pig enteroglial cells.
abstract: The enteric nervous system, which regulates multiple aspects of digestive activity, is composed of two major cell types, neurons and glial cells. Enteric glia, but not enteric neurons, respond to bioactive lipids with calcium signaling. The sphingomyelin metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) caused dose-dependent calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling using extracellular and intracellular Ca(2+). The signal transduction cascade was pertussis toxin-insensitive and involved an extracellular receptor since repetitive exposure yielded diminished responsiveness. Inhibition of either phospholipase C or the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor abolished S1P effects. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of S1P-coupled endothelial differentiation gene (EDG) receptor mRNAs (EDG-1, EDG-3, and EDG-5) within the enteric nervous system. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated strong expression of both EDG-1 and EDG-3 and weak expression of EDG-5 in enteric glial cells. Other sphingomyelin cycle components, including sphingomyelin, sphingomyelinase, and sphingosine caused Ca(2+) transients in enteric glia. Related lipids lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosylphosphorylcholine also induced Ca(2+) signaling in enteric glia, suggesting that multiple lipid-activated signaling mechanisms exist in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0331, USA.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cowles
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Logsdon
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mulholland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000502:physiology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013107:Sphingolipids; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D013110:Sphingosine; D002118:Calcium