title: Lung retrieval from non-heart-beating donors: first experience with an innovative preservation strategy in a pig lung transplantation model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lung transplantation is limited by the scarcity of donor organs. Lung retrieval from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) might extend the donor pool and has been reported recently. However, no studies in NHBD exist using the novel approach of retrograde preservation with Perfadex solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heparinized asystolic pigs (n = 5, 30-35 kg) were ventilated for 90 min. The lungs were retrogradely preserved with Perfadex solution and stored inflated at 4 degrees C for 3 h. Left lung transplantation in the recipient was followed by exclusion of the right lung. Results were compared to sham-operated animals. Oxygenation, hemodynamics and dynamic compliance were monitored for 4 h. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and stereological quantification of alveolar edema was performed. Statistical analysis comprised Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and ANOVA analysis with repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No mortality was observed. During preservation, continuous elimination of blood clots via the pulmonary artery venting site was observed. Oxygenation and compliance were similar between groups, but sham controls showed significantly lower pulmonary vascular resistance. Stereological quantification revealed higher volume fractions of intra-alveolar edema in NHBD grafts, while PMN infiltration was comparable to sham controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of NHBD lungs results in excellent outcome after 90 min of warm ischemia followed by retrograde preservation with Perfadex solution. This novel approach can optimize lung preservation by eliminating clots from the pulmonary circulation and might clinically be considered in brain-dead organ donors who become hemodynamically unstable prior to organ harvest. Further trials with longer warm and cold ischemic periods are necessary to further elucidate this promising approach to donor pool expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany. Th.Wittwer-MD@t-online.de
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wittwer
authors.forename: U F W
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fehrenbach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sandhaus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wahlers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002951:Citrates; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007327:Insufflation; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008170:Lung Compliance; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015424:Reperfusion; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C070005:Perfadex