title: An assessment of the microbiological risks involved with egg washing under commercial conditions.
abstract: The potential benefits of washing eggs is offset by a historical perception in the European Union that wetted eggs are prone to spoilage and water loss. This study describes the effects of spray jet washing under various processing conditions to shell surface counts of Salmonella and the presence of bacteria in egg contents. Experiments used eggs that were contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 or Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 before cuticle hardening. Washing of contaminated eggs under optimum conditions resulted in a more than 5-log reduction of Salmonella counts from the shell surface. Salmonella was not isolated from the yolk or albumen of any egg washed by the optimal protocol, suggesting that when properly controlled, egg washing did not cause Salmonella to enter the contents. However, contamination did arise if strict control was not maintained over the wash and rinse water temperatures. Both Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were shown to enter the egg contents when water temperatures were lowered, indicating that strict temperature control must be maintained in order to prevent the ingress of Salmonella into egg contents. Other washing machine parameters that were investigated did not significantly affect Salmonella entry into the egg contents but influenced shell surface kill levels to varying degrees.
authors.affiliation: Direct Laboratories Ltd., Microbiological Research Division, Woodthorne, Wergs Road, Wolverhampton WV6 8TQ, UK. mike.hutchison@directlabs.co.uk
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittins
authors.forename: A Walker N
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000382:microbiology*; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006920:Hygiene; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water