title: Outcome of subsequent pregnancy three years after previous operative delivery in the second stage of labour: cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reproductive outcome and the mode of delivery in subsequent pregnancies after instrumental vaginal delivery in theatre or caesarean section at full dilatation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two urban hospitals with a combined total of 10 000 deliveries a year.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 393 women with term, singleton, cephalic pregnancies who needed operative delivery in theatre during the second stage of labour from February 1999 to February 2000. Postal questionnaires were received from 283 women (72%) at three years after the initial delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mode of delivery in the subsequent pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  140 women (49%) achieved a further pregnancy at three years. 91/283 (32%) women wished to avoid a further pregnancy. Women were more likely to aim for vaginal delivery (87% (47/54) v 33% (18/54); adjusted odds ratio 15.55 (95% confidence interval 5.25 to 46.04)) and more likely to have a vaginal delivery (78% (42/54) v 31% (17/54); 9.50 (3.48 to 25.97)) if they had had a previous instrumental vaginal delivery rather than a caesarean section. There was a high rate of vaginal delivery after caesarean section among women who attempted vaginal delivery 17/18 (94%). In both groups, fear of childbirth was a frequently reported reason for avoiding a further pregnancy (51% after instrumental vaginal delivery, 42% after caesarean section; 1.75 (0.58 to 5.25)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Instrumental vaginal delivery offers advantages over caesarean section for future delivery outcomes. The psychological impact of operative delivery requires urgent attention.
authors.affiliation: St Michael's Hospital, Bristol BS2 8EG.
authors.forename: Rachna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahl
authors.forename: Bryony
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.forename: Deirdre J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology; D007748:Labor Stage, Second; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016064:Vaginal Birth after Cesarean / Q000706:statistics & numerical data