title: Development of a new three-dimensional cranial imaging system.
abstract: The development of a new three-dimensional (3D) imaging system designed to obtain a digital image of an infant's cranium is described. This system is intended to replace the manual plaster-casting technique currently used during the process of fabricating cranial remodeling bands. The system uses 18 triangulated digital cameras and the projection of random infrared patterns to capture a 360 degrees image of an infant's cranium instantaneously, including the face and top of the head. Accuracy was calculated by comparing models digitized with this system with the same models digitized with high-precision inspection equipment. Safety was documented under guidelines established by the American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Images were acquired in 0.008 seconds and processed for viewing in software within 2.5 minutes. Accuracy was calculated to be +/-0.236 mm. Hazard analysis confirmed the system to be safe for direct continuous exposure. The data acquired may be viewed as a point cloud, wire frame, or surface on which a digital photograph (ie, texture) is automatically overlaid. Physical models are created by exporting the digital data to a multiaxis milling machine or stereolithography machine. Quantitative data (linear and surface measurements, curvature, and volumes) can be obtained directly from the digital data. The cranial imaging system is a safe and accurate method of obtaining digital 3D images of an infant's cranium. Along with the obvious clinical and manufacturing benefits, it also has significant potential as a research tool for documenting the natural history and evaluating the treatment of plagiocephaly.
authors.affiliation: Cranial Technologies, Inc, Tempe, Arizona 85284, USA. littlefield@cranialtech.com
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Littlefield
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cherney
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Beals
authors.forename: Jeanne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pomatto
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D007834:Lasers; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012449:Safety; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012984:Software