title: Clinical outcomes for permanent incisor luxations in a pediatric population. II. Extrusions.
abstract: A longitudinal outcome study was undertaken to identify variables that significantly influenced outcomes for extruded permanent maxillary incisors of children and adolescents. Clinical and radiographic data was available for 35 patients (18 males, 17 females) representing 55 incisors. Mean age at the time of injury was 10.6 years (range: 7.1-17.8 years). Mean time elapsed to follow up was 1320 days (range: 423-2887 days). Survival analysis was used to identify variables significantly related to the prognosis of these teeth. The loss of an incisor following extrusion was uncommon as only one tooth (1/55) required extraction. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between severely extruded teeth and avulsions that had been stored in physiological media (P > 0.10). Pulp necrosis (PN) was the most common complication following injury (43%) and it most often occurred during the first year. Although not statistically significant, a trend towards increased PN was found with more severely extruded teeth (P = 0.20, relative risk = 2.08). Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) was the second most common outcome (35%). The degree of extrusion was proven to be significantly associated with the development of PCO (P = 0.03, relative risk = 0.33). Root resorption was an uncommon outcome (3/55). This study represents the first outcome data on extrusions to permanent maxillary incisors in an exclusively pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003784:Dental Pulp Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000254:growth & development; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D014090:Tooth Replantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome