title: Adipose compartments of the upper eyelid: anatomy applied to blepharoplasty.
abstract: Many authors have indicated the presence of ectopic or accessory upper eyelid fat pads, but the effective rate of eyelid fat variations and the corresponding clinical features are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability of upper lid fat and to define the anatomical landmarks of the adipose pockets of the upper lid. From January of 1998 to January of 2002, the authors investigated the upper eyelid fat compartments of 47 patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty. To support surgical findings, 11 fresh cadavers were also investigated; the anatomy of the intraorbital fat and of the upper eyelid fat compartments was reviewed. Ten patients (21.3 percent) showed an accessory fat pad in the upper lid, which was found on both sides in nine cases. In all patients, the third fat pad was situated lateral to the two classic compartments described by Castanares, behind the orbital septum. Surgical dissections demonstrated that this fat pad derived from the preaponeurotic fat. Anatomical dissections in three cadavers demonstrated an accessory fat compartment protruding under the inferior border of the lacrimal gland. This protruding fat derived from the preaponeurotic fat in all cases and might justify the clinical appearance of a bulge or fullness in the lateral third of the upper eyelid. In the authors' experience, the presence of an accessory upper eyelid fat pad was a frequent finding during blepharoplasty; it could be found and actually resected in about 21 percent of all cases. Surgical and experimental findings put this element as a lateral physiological extension of the preaponeurotic fat that can anteriorly protrude under the inferior border of the lacrimal gland toward the orbital septum. The clinical appearance may be a bulge or fullness in the upper eyelid, and its resection can better define the lateral one third of the supratarsal fold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Bio Medico University, Rome, Italy. persichetti@mclink.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Persichetti
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Lella
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delfino
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scuderi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged