title: The trichotomous model and investment in learning to prepare for a sport test: a mediational analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contemporary views on motivation suggest that the approach-avoidance achievement goals conceptualization--namely the trichotomous model--can shed light on the important issue of student motivation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the predictive value of the trichotomous model on the investment in learning a sport task for test preparation, and to validate a model which included a set of psychological processes (i.e., state anxiety and competence valuation) which mediate the relationship between the three goals (i.e., performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and mastery goals) and test preparation. The study was designed to investigate the direct and mediational effects of three experimental goal conditions on the time in which pupils prepared for a sport test.
  
  
  METHODS
  French male school pupils (N = 75). Pupils were aged 13-15 years and attended schools in southern France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pupils prepared themselves for a sport task with a 5-minute period of training, and performed in one of three experimental conditions to which they were randomly assigned: a performance goal with a positive outcome focus (performance-approach), a performance goal with a negative outcome focus (performance-avoidance), or a mastery goal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pupils in the performance-avoidance group reported higher state anxiety and lower competence valuation than those in the performance-approach and mastery groups, and this psychological state was associated with less time taken to prepare for the test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  School pupils placed in an examination preparation context that elicits a performance goal with a negative outcome focus (performance-avoidance) show motivational deficits which manifest themselves in less time spent practising. The trichotomous model appears to be valid for the study of motivational processes in school physical education.
authors.affiliation: University of Aix-Marseille II, France. cury@staps.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Da Fonséca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rufo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarrazin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires