title: Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genotype as a risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) polymorphism at position Ile349Val as indicator of risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer to verify its association with UADT cancer in nonalcoholic or nonsmoking individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care or referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 141 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx admitted for surgical treatment. The comparison group consisted of 94 inpatients without cancer from the A. C. Camargo or other São Paulo (Brazil) hospital and 40 healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were interviewed and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. After written informed consent was obtained, 20 mL of blood was collected in heparinized tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odds ratio for ADH3 genotypes using logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for sex, age, tobacco use, and history of cancer in first-degree family relatives, a significantly higher odds ratio for UADT cancer was observed among individuals with AA genotype and low cumulative alcohol consumption (< or =100 kg of ethanol) (odds ratio = 3.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-9.7]). A 4-fold increase in odds ratio for UADT cancer among individuals with AA genotype and low tobacco consumption (< or =25 pack-years) was also found in the adjusted model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that genotype AA may be a risk factor for UADT cancer, especially in individuals with low alcohol or tobacco consumption. However, further epidemiological case-control or cohort studies, preferably prospective, are needed to establish the exact role of ADH3 polymorphism and its association with the development of UADT cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Inês Nobuko
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.forename: Nidia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Silvia R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rogatto
authors.forename: André Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Ricardo Pereira
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.forename: Otavia L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Luiz Paulo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase