title: Apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes are reliable biomarkers for familial aggregation of coronary heart disease.
abstract: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic and prothrombotic molecule formed by the covalent binding of the highly polymorphic apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] to apoprotein B-100 of LDL. High Lp(a) concentrations are a recognized genetic risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and have been shown to be related with a familial clustering of ischemic cardiac events. Nevertheless, the association between apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and a positive familial history of CHD has received far less attention. In this report, we explored the distribution of apo(a) phenotypes in 127 CHD subjects with a family history of coronary events and in 92 CHD patients without such a history. Twenty-two apo(a) isoforms were detected by a high-resolution immunoblotting method. In univariate analysis, the percentage of subjects with at least one small sized apo(a) isoform was significantly higher in CHD patients with a positive family history than in those without (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that apo(a) isoforms of low molecular weight were the best predictors of familial aggregation of cardiac ischemia. We conclude that apo(a) size polymorphism is strongly associated with a familial history of CHD and is more efficient than Lp(a) plasma concentrations in predicting the familial clustering of coronary disease. When detected by high-resolution techniques, apo(a) phenotypes are objective laboratory markers that can substitute for a knowledge of a positive family history of CHD and should be used, together with Lp(a) levels, to better assess the familial predisposition to coronary events.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peros
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geroldi
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Colomba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carabela
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emanuele
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D053241:Apoprotein(a); D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D020033:Protein Isoforms; D053241:Apoprotein(a)