title: Less invasive cardiac anesthesia: an ultra-fast-track procedure avoiding thoracic epidural analgesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new "less invasive" technique avoiding thoracic epidural analgesia has be en tested for suitability as a routine procedure for cardiac anesthesia. Early postoperative extubation is an important step in this fasttrack procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients (n = 547; age, 35-82 years; mean age, 64 year s; male to female ratio, 3.5) underwent general anesthesia with ultra-short-acting opiates and then underwent coronary surgery (n = 465), valve surgery (n = 38), or combined and other procedures (n = 44) a r;. In 51.4% cases, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed off pump. The percentage of patients extubated within 10 minutes after skin closure was the primary end point. In addition, we attempted to identify the limiting factors of the procedure tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the 547 patients, 499 (91%) were extubated within 10 minutes after skin closure. Early extubation failed in 48 (9%) of the patients. The mortality rate was 1.5%. One (0.2%) of the patients needed early reintubation because of pneumothorax. Postoperative myocardial ischemia was recorded in 10 (1.8%) of the patients. Ninetysix (17.5%) of the patients were treated pharmacologically for newly developed atrial fibrillation. None of the patients needed hemodialysis. Transient neurological disorders were recorded in 10 (1.8%) of the patients. The early extubation failure group showed statistically significantly higher rates of preoperative lung dysfunction, use of extracorporeal circulation, administration of inotropic drugs in the operating room, and statistically significantly longer duration of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early extubation proved suitable as a routine procedure for the vast majority of patients. With a good postoperative analgetic protocol, there is no need for thoracic epidural analgesia. Such avoidance of thoracic epidural analgesia is a further step in minimizing invasiveness in cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Peter Jan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brucek
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Straka
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vanek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D013997:Time Factors; D015300:Ventilator Weaning