title: Nanoparticles as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody against schistosomiasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of new adjuvants for human use has been the focus of attention. This study's aim is to explore the possibility of using nanoparticle Ca nanoparticles (CA) as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody NP30 against schistosomiasis and its protective mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanoparticle CA-NP30 conjugate (CA-NP30) was fabricated. BALB/c mice were immunized actively with CA-NP30 to evaluate its effects of protective immunity on mice. The serum levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against NP30 and the concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in supernatant of splenocytes were determined via ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nanoparticle CA could enhance significantly the protective immunity of NP30 against infection of Schistosoma japonicum and the worm reduction rose from 36.0% (NP30 alone) to 52.6%. The serum levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against NP30 increased remarkably, as compared with those of the group immunized with NP30 alone. The concentration of IFN-gamma in supernatant of splenocyte was drastically elevated [the groups immunized with CA-NP30 and NP30 alone were (493.80 +/- 400.74) pg/ml and (39.03 +/- 39.58) pg/ml, respectively], but the concentration of IL-4 showed no significant difference from that of NP30 alone [(27.94 +/- 9.84) pg/ml vs (27.28 +/- 14.44) pg/ml].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoparticle CA could act as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody NP30 against schistosomiasis. The mechanism could be that CA-NP30 enhances humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. bljysh@njmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zhen-qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Shi-gen
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yu-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun-qian
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen-ning
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Zhu-ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiao-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology*; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D036103:Nanotechnology; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D014612:Vaccines