title: N-trimethyl chitosan chloride as absorption enhancer in oral peptide drug delivery. Development and characterization of minitablet and granule formulations.
abstract: In this study, minitablet and granule formulations were developed as solid oral dosage forms for the delivery of peptide drugs with the absorption enhancer N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC). Minitablets were deemed suitable as a dosage form due to their ability, as components of multiple unit dosage forms (MUDFs), to disperse from each other, before disintegration, effectively increasing the area in which the polymer can assert its absorption-enhancing effect. The polymer should be released from the dosage forms prior to the release of the peptide, which was, together with achieving maximum release of both ingredients, the main focus of this study. Desmopressin (1-(3-mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine vasopressin monoacetate (DDAVP) was used as model peptide drug. The optimized minitablet formulation consisted of two types of granules, namely DDAVP and TMC granules. DDAVP granules, containing tetraglycerol pentastearate (TGPS), were specifically aimed at delaying the release of the peptide from the dosage form. Burst release of TMC was attempted with TMC granules. Both these granule types were included in the granule formulation. Release profiles for both the optimized minitablet formulation as well as the granule formulation showed that the release of DDAVP was effectively delayed from the formulation compared to the formulation where no attempt at delaying the release was made. In comparison, more TMC was released, and at a faster rate, from the granule formulation than the optimized minitablet formulations. Both the optimized minitablet formulation and the granule formulation show suitable release profiles for the delivery of peptide drugs with TMC as absorption enhancer in solid oral dosage forms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, South Africa. fmssmvdm@puknet.puk.ac.za
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: van der Merwe
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kotzé
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Junginger
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D000284:Administration, Oral; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D048271:Chitosan / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009093:Mucus / Q000737:chemistry; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D002214:Capsules; D005079:Excipients; C118071:N-trimethyl chitosan chloride; D010455:Peptides; D013607:Tablets; D010368:Pectins; D048271:Chitosan; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin