Direct and indirect mechanisms regulating secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2.
The proglucagon-derived peptide family consists of three highly related peptides, glucagon and the glucagon-like peptides GLP-1 and GLP-2. Although the biological activity of glucagon as a counter-regulatory hormone has been known for almost a century, studies conducted over the past decade have now also elucidated important roles for GLP-1 as an antidiabetic hormone, and for GLP-2 as a stimulator of intestinal growth. In contrast to pancreatic glucagon, the GLPs are synthesized in the intestinal epithelial L cells, where they are subject to the influences of luminal nutrients, as well as to a variety of neuroendocrine inputs. In this review, we will focus on the complex integrative mechanisms that regulate the secretion of these peptides from L cells, including both direct and indirect regulation by ingested nutrients.
Brubaker
Patricia L
PL
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. p.brubaker@utoronto.ca
Anini
Younes
Y
D000818:Animals; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000378:metabolism
D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon