title: Smoking patterns in African Americans and whites with advanced COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence and mortality associated with COPD increases with age, with higher rates observed in whites than African Americans. Causes and explanations for smoking-related racial differences on the respiratory system have not been determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate racial differences in smoking patterns and lung function in patients with advanced COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective record review of patients with advanced COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient pulmonary clinic in a tertiary-care urban hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty patients with advanced COPD (80 African Americans and 80 whites) referred for either lung volume reduction surgery or transplantation evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, smoking profile, pulmonary function testing, arterial blood gases, and exercise stress tests were compared between African-American and white patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite comparable pulmonary function, African Americans were younger at presentation and had lower overall pack-years of smoking than whites (58 +/- 10 years vs 62 +/- 8 years, and 44 +/- 23 pack-years vs 66 +/- 31 pack-years, respectively; p < 0.05 [mean +/- SD]). Additionally, African Americans started smoking later in life than whites (18 +/- 5 years vs 16 +/- 4 years). Similarly, women presented at a younger age and smoked less compared to men (58 +/- 9 years vs 62 +/- 9 years, and 49 +/- 28 pack-years vs 61 +/- 29 pack-years, respectively; p < 0.05), without showing any difference in lung function or exercise performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among susceptible patients with advanced COPD, African Americans and women seem more prone to the effects of tobacco smoke than their counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. chatilw@tuhs.temple.edu
authors.forename: Wissam M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chatila
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wynkoop
authors.forename: Gwendolyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vance
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Criner
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*