title: Does maternal blood cortisol entrain fetal diurnal rhythm?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether maternal blood cortisol acts as an entrainer of the fetus, we compared diurnal variations in the fetal heart rate (FHR) of two cases with Cushing's syndrome, under condition of glucocorticoid replacement therapy after adrenalectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Maternal cortisol concentration in Case 1 showed bimodal change, at 31 and 38 weeks' gestation, while the concentration in Case 2 was found to have an abnormally high level with no diurnal variation at 30 weeks and a monomodal pattern at 34 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FHR patterns in both cases demonstrated similar developmental change: a remarkable diurnal rhythm comparable to control cases was observed at 34-38 weeks. Analysis of spectral 1/f characteristics revealed, however, that Case 1 exhibited a pattern equivalent to control cases, whereas in Case 2, FHR values did not display overt diurnal variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diurnal rhythm of FHR develops irrespective of daily variation in maternal cortisol concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan. nhorimoto@yuuai.or.jp
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horimoto
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morokuma
authors.forename: Hitoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone