title: Evolutionary characteristics of HIV type 1 variants resistant to protease inhibitors in the absence of drug-selective pressure.
abstract: To understand the evolutionary characteristics of HIV-1 variants resistant to protease inhibitors (PI), the replicating plasma virus was analyzed in three patients shifted to PI-sparing regimen after virological failure. The dynamic features of carryover mutations associated with PI resistance in the absence of selective pressure on the protease gene indicate that viral variants resistant to reverse transcriptase inhibitors and bearing mutations of the protease sequence can maintain efficient replication capacity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostica and Ricerca San Raffaele, Laoratorio di Virologia, Centro San Luigi, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, 20 20127 Milan, Italy. enzo.boer@hsr.it
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boeri
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canducci
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasson
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giudici
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarin
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clementi
mesh_terms: D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D016333:HIV Protease