title: Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour; a systematic review of the evidence and a protocol for administration of nifedipine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes of nifedipine (and other calcium channel blockers) administered as a tocolytic agent to women in preterm labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Pregnancy and Childbirth Review Group were used. All published and unpublished randomised trials in which calcium channel blockers were used for tocolysis for women in preterm labour between 20 and 36 weeks' gestation, were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The systematic review includes 12 randomised controlled trials with a total of 1029 participating women. No trials were identified in which calcium channel blockers were compared with a placebo or no alternative tocolytic treatment. Calcium channel blockers appear to be more effective than betamimetic agents in prolonging pregnancy for 7 days or longer, are much less likely to cause maternal side-effects and are associated with reduced neonatal morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium channel blockers (especially nifedipine) can be considered safer and more effective tocolytic agents than betamimetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. jfking@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Flenady
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papatsonis
authors.forename: Gustaaf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carbonne
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010919:Placebos; D009543:Nifedipine