title: Isolating triamcinolone acetonide particles for intravitreal use with a porous membrane filter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a new, simple, rapid method to isolate triamcinolone acetonide particles and to remove additives from its commercially available suspension (Kenacort-A) for intravitreal use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The contents of a Kenacort-A vial (40 mg triamcinolone acetonide suspended in 1.0 mL vehicle) were loaded into a syringe and passed through a porous membrane filter with 0.45-microm pores. The filter was then backflushed with distilled water to yield a vehicle-poor suspension of triamcinolone acetonide in the initial syringe. This filtration and backflush procedure was repeated four times, and each waste filtrate was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography to identify benzyl alcohol, a preservative in the vehicle. Gel permeation chromatography was also used to determine the degree to which carboxymethylcellulose, one of the two suspending agents in the vehicle, permeated the membrane filter. Although 7.5 mg/mL high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose hardly passed through the 0.45-microm pore filter, it passed through the 5.0-microm pore filter easily. Therefore, a 5.0-microm pore filter was used in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By using a 0.45-microm porous membrane filter, 99.7% of the benzyl alcohol can be eliminated. By using a 5.0-microm porous membrane filter, but not by using a 0.45-microm porous membrane filter, 88.1% of the high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose can be eliminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The filtration and backflush procedure using the 5.0-microm porous membrane filters is useful during vitrectomy to reduce the preparation time of triamcinolone acetonide suspension. Also, this method of reducing additives may be more helpful when using triamcinolone as a therapeutic agent for intravitreal depot use, because there is no washout effect when it is used in this manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthlamology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shirao
authors.forename: Yutaua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirao
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003460:Crystallization; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008851:Micropore Filters; D016062:Porosity; D013535:Suspensions; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D013535:Suspensions; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide