title: Red muscle recruitment during steady swimming correlates with rostral-caudal patterns of power production in trout.
abstract: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (or charr, Salvelinus fontinalis) display different rostral-caudal patterns of power production by the red or aerobic muscle during steady swimming. The anterior muscle of rainbow trout produces much less power for swimming than the posterior, while in brook trout there is no variation in power output. To determine if red muscle recruitment is associated with anterior-posterior patterns of power production, electromyography (EMG) was used to record red muscle activity at three body positions across a range of swimming speeds in fish of each species. The initial recruitment of the anterior red muscle in swimming rainbow trout was predicted to lag behind, i.e. occur at higher speeds, that of the posterior due to the variation in power production, but no variation in recruitment was expected for brook trout. Burst of red muscle EMG activity occurring with each tailbeat was analyzed for frequency (tailbeat frequency), duty cycle (DC) (duration of burst relative to the period of the tailbeat) and burst intensity (BI) (magnitude of the measured EMG activity). Brook trout swam with higher tailbeat frequencies and longer values of DC than rainbow trout. Both species showed a pattern of longitudinal variation in DC, with longer DC values in the anterior red muscle. BI also differed significantly along the length of rainbow trout but not brook trout. In the former, BI of anterior muscle was significantly less than the posterior at lower steady swimming speeds. The EMG data suggest that power production and muscle recruitment are related. In rainbow trout, where there is longitudinal variation in muscle power output, there are also significant rostral-caudal differences in red muscle recruitment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USA. coughlin@pop1.science.widener.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spiecker
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schiavi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D024510:Muscle Development; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013623:Tail / Q000502:physiology; D014337:Trout / Q000502:physiology*