title: Joint analysis of the DRD5 marker concludes association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder confined to the predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable, heterogeneous disorder of early onset, consisting of a triad of symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The disorder has a significant genetic component, and theories of etiology include abnormalities in the dopaminergic system, with DRD4, DAT1, SNAP25, and DRD5 being implicated as major susceptibility genes. An initial report of association between ADHD and the common 148-bp allele of a microsatellite marker located 18.5 kb from the DRD5 gene has been followed by several studies showing nonsignificant trends toward association with the same allele. To establish the postulated association of the (CA)(n) repeat with ADHD, we collected genotypic information from 14 independent samples of probands and their parents, analyzed them individually and, in the absence of heterogeneity, analyzed them as a joint sample. The joint analysis showed association with the DRD5 locus (P=.00005; odds ratio 1.24; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.38). This association appears to be confined to the predominantly inattentive and combined clinical subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. lowen@tcd.ie
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Aiveen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirley
authors.forename: Ziarih
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hawi
authors.forename: Pak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kratochvil
authors.forename: Shelley D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Saretta Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Middle
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: Yanke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazgan
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asherson
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mill
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thapar
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ebstein
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: Cathy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Karen G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Wigg
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sinke
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smalley
authors.forename: Stan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers