title: The Alexander technique: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alexander technique (AT), a process of psychophysical re-education, is being promoted for a range of medical conditions. This systematic review is aimed at critically evaluating the evidence for or against the effectiveness of AT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized literature searches were performed in five databases to locate all controlled clinical trials of AT in any human condition. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers according to pre-defined criteria. The information was summarized in tabular and narrative form. The methodological quality of the primary studies was assessed using the Jadad score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four clinical trials met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Only two of these trials were methodologically sound and clinically relevant. Their results are promising and imply that AT is effective in reducing the disability of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and in improving pain behaviour and disability in patients with back pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The few controlled clinical trials of AT yield encouraging albeit not convincing evidence. AT deserves to be studied in more detail.
authors.affiliation: Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, UK. Edzard.Ernst@pms.ac.uk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Canter
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D026441:Mind-Body Therapies; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011187:Posture; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic