Glycoinositolphospholipid from Trypanosoma cruzi: structure, biosynthesis and immunobiology.
The pathogenic protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi expresses on its surface an unusual family of glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) closely related to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. Different parasite isolates express distinct GIPLs which fall into two series, depending on the substitution of the third mannosyl residue in the conserved glycan sequence Man4-(AEP)-GlcN-InsPO4 by ethanolamine phosphate or beta-galactofuranose. Although the exact role of these molecules in the cell biology and pathogenicity of T. cruzi remains unknown, the lipid and glycan moieties impart distinct responses to host T and B lymphocytes and phagocytes, overall favouring an immune response permissive to the parasite. The biosynsthesis of GIPLs follows a pathway similar to that observed for GPI anchors. However, a more detailed understanding might enable the development of specific inhibitors of parasite-specific enzymes and lead to novel drugs to ameliorate Chagas disease.
Previato
Jose O
JO
Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21 944 970-Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Wait
Robin
R
Jones
Christopher
C
DosReis
George A
GA
Todeschini
Adriane R
AR
Heise
Norton
N
Previato
Lucia Mendonça
LM
D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D006017:Glycolipids; D010743:Phospholipids; C115336:glycoinositolphospholipid, Trypanosoma