title: Management of parotid hemangioma in 100 children.
abstract: Most problematic infantile hemangiomas are successfully treated with pharmacological therapy. However, there are reports that hemangioma of the parotid gland responds poorly to corticosteroid and interferon. To better clarify the management of parotid hemangioma, the authors retrospectively studied the records of 100 consecutive patients, seen between 1975 and 2002. The characteristics of the tumor, including sex ratio, presence at birth, size, side, complications, and involvement of adjacent structures, were recorded. The indications for and response to treatment and the need for surgical procedures were documented and statistically analyzed. The female-to-male ratio was 4.5:1. Forty percent of parotid hemangiomas were on the right side, 36 percent were on the left, and 24 percent were bilateral. Forty-five percent of patients had a premonitory cutaneous lesion at birth. Fifty-nine percent of parotid hemangiomas ulcerated during the early proliferative phase. Eighty-eight percent involved nearby structures (ear, 70 percent; lip, 34 percent; subglottic region, 21 percent; eye, 18 percent; and nose, 3 percent). Seven percent of patients required tracheostomy, and 3 percent had signs of congestive heart failure. Seventy infants received pharmacological treatment. Sixty-seven patients were initially managed with corticosteroids; regression or stabilization was noted in 83 percent of tumors (56 of 67 tumors). Twenty-one patients received interferon: 11 in whom corticosteroid therapy had failed, seven in whom the tumor stabilized with corticosteroid therapy but further regression was needed, and three who had interferon as primary therapy. Ninety-five percent of the lesions that were resistant to corticosteroid subsequently responded to interferon alfa-2a or -2b. The overall response rate to pharmacological therapy was 98 percent. A reconstructive procedure was necessary during the involuting or involuted phase in 66 percent of patients: 92 percent had preauricular excision of redundant skin and/or fibrofatty tissue and 37 percent of patients had auricular revision. In summary, drug therapy was effective in the majority of infants with parotid hemangioma, whether given because the tumor was large, deforming, ulcerated, or involved nearby structures with functional consequences. Infantile hemangioma in the parotid gland responded to pharmacological treatment in a similar manner as hemangioma in other locations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery and Vascular Anomalies Center, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Arin K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Gary F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D016898:Interferon-alpha