title: Triamcinolone-assisted pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether triamcinolone acetonide (TAAC) staining facilitates posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive pseudophakic patients (10 eyes) underwent PPV for RRD with PVR. After a core PPV, a few drops of a commercially available TAAC aqueous suspension (40 mg/mL) with vehicle were injected into the mid vitreous cavity to visualize the posterior hyaloid, thus allowing a complete posterior hyaloidectomy. Next, 0.1 to 0.2 mL of TAAC was applied on the retinal surface to visualize and peel the ERMs. The tamponading agent was silicone oil (1,300 cs) in eight eyes and perfluropropane (C3F8 14%) in two eyes. The minimal follow-up period in all patients was 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, intraoperative staining with TAAC consistently improved direct visualization and delineation of the posterior hyaloid and ERMs and facilitated their removal. No adverse reaction related to the use of TAAC was observed immediately postoperatively or 4 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal TAAC may be an important adjuvant tool in the delineation of posterior hyaloid and ERMs, allowing for a more complete and safer ERM removal in the surgical management of PVR complicating RRD. It is well tolerated with all its vehicle if used at low concentration and rapidly removed during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthlamology and Otorhinolaryngology, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Furino
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Micelli Ferrari
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boscia
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cardascia
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Recchimurzo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sborgia
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000150:complications; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012827:Silicone Oils; C042852:perflutren; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide