Radiotherapy in cT3 prostatic carcinoma: retrospective comparison between neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonotherapy.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the clinical outcomes achieved in 2 groups of patients with cT3 prostatic carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant hormonotherapy and neoadjuvant hormonotherapy plus adjuvant hormonotherapy with external beam radiotherapy.


METHODS
One hundred patients with cT3N0M0 prostatic carcinoma underwent radiotherapy to pelvic lymph nodes (45 Gy, 1.8 Gy/fraction) with a booster dose (65-70 Gy) to the prostatic cavity. Forty-four patients received neoadjuvant hormonotherapy (goserelin, starting 2 months before radiotherapy and continuing until the end of irradiation); 56 patients received neoadjuvant hormonotherapy plus adjuvant goserelin until disease progression, if present.


RESULTS
Patients undergoing adjuvant hormonotherapy as compared to those who received exclusive neoadjuvant therapy showed a higher reduction in PSA level below 1.0 ng/ml (p = 0.0211), a lower incidence of biochemical failures (p = 0.0170), a lower incidence of hematogenous metastases (p = 0.0320) and a trend suggestive of a better disease-free survival (p = 0.0660). At univariate analysis (logrank), Gleason score did not show a significant correlation with any of the end points analyzed. To the contrary, patients with tumor <15 mm showed a better local control (p = 0.0347) and biochemical failure-free survival (p = 0.0102). Furthermore, a trend between initial PSA level and incidence of hematogenous metastases was observed (p = 0.0519). Patients with a posttreatment PSA level <1.0 ng/ml had a lower incidence of metastases (p = 0.0237) and a better survival (p = 0.0178); patients with complete clinical response showed a lower incidence of biochemical failures (p = 0.0469). Radiotherapy doses >70 Gy showed a trend with biochemical failure-free survival (p = 0.0554). At multivariate analysis, a correlation between Gleason score and incidence of metastases (p = 0.0232), and between tumor diameter and local control (p = 0.0178) and biochemical failure-free survival (p = 0.0290) was recorded.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with cT3N0M0 prostate carcinoma, prolonged hormonotherapy was shown to be significantly correlated with biochemical failure-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival. Furthermore, tumor size had a significant impact on biochemical failure-free survival as well as on local control.
Cellini
Numa
N
Istituto di Radiologia-Cattedra di Radioterapia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
Luzi
Stefano
S
Morganti
Alessio Giuseppe
AG
Valentini
Vincenzo
V
Mantini
Giovanna
G
Racioppi
Marco
M
Smaniotto
Daniela
D
Leone
Mariavittoria
M
Mattiucci
Gian Carlo
GC
Digesù
Cinzia
C
Giustacchini
Mario
M
Destito
Antonio
A
Alcini
Eugenio
E
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017273:Goserelin