title: Disturbingly low levels of contraception among women living with hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of contraception among a sample of women with hepatitis C (HCV), compare it with contraceptive use among Australian women generally, and look for associations between contraception and sample characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who self-identified as living with HCV were recruited through a wide range of non-clinical and clinical sites in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Victoria to complete a self-administered questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five per cent of distributed questionnaires were completed and returned. Of the 462 women surveyed, 34% of those aged 18-49 reported using contraceptives; a much lower prevalence than the 67% in the Australian population. Surprisingly, women who reported concerns about transmission to children were no more likely to use contraceptives. Not surprisingly, women who were lesbian or who did not have a current partner were even less likely to use contraceptives. Both employed women and those not on benefits reported significantly higher levels of contraception. Otherwise, contraception did not vary with a range of variables including age, education, injecting drug use status, self-rated health status, experience of HCV symptoms, time since diagnosis, ever having received HCV treatment, or venue at which the participants were recruited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low prevalence of contraception among women with HCV is both disturbing and puzzling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings raise several important and hitherto unconsidered issues for the sexual and reproductive health and well-being of women with HCV. These require both further research and urgent attention by service providers.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. cathy.banwell@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Banwell
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bammer
authors.forename: Nikki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003267:Contraception / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires