title: Imaging skeletal pathology in mutant mice by microcomputed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the utility of microcomputed tomography ( micro CT) for imaging skeletal abnormalities in rodent model systems. For the purpose of illustration, the progressive ankylosis (ank) mutant was selected. ank mice develop prominent articular and periarticular calcifications at multiple anatomical sites, including paws, elbows, knees, and vertebrae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forelimbs, hindlimbs, and proximal tail vertebrae of 4-month-old female ank/ank mice were scanned at 15 micro m resolution using a SkyScan 1072 micro CT instrument and images were generated using Analyze 4.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This technique was able to show, in 3-dimensional images, the abnormal calcification of ank/ank mice, which was readily observed within joint surfaces, on periosteal surfaces, sesamoid bones, menisci, and joint capsules, as well as other periarticular ligamentous structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As illustrated by the example of the progressive ankylosis mutant, micro CT represents a powerful emerging tool for identifying and monitoring the progression of developmental or acquired skeletal abnormalities within rodent models.
authors.affiliation: Joint Injury and Arthritis Research Group, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Alice F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ford-Hutchinson
authors.forename: David M L
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hallgrímsson
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Jirik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000844:Ankylosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008838:Microcomputers; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013623:Tail / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed