title: Radiotherapy-induced secondary cranial neoplasms in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Secondary malignant neoplasms (SMN) in CNS tumor survivors has become problem of increasing concern over the last 20 years. These tumors usually occur in a different site from the primary brain tumor several years after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report secondary cranial malignant neoplasms in three patients who were treated with irradiation and chemotherapy for their primary brain tumors. The first case is a male survivor of an orbital rhabdomyosarcoma who developed a meningioma 8 years later. The other two cases are female survivors of ependymomas who were irradiated at the age of 3 and developed secondary gliomas 8 and 17 years after therapy respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients carry a risk of developing SMNs many years later since irradiation is still an important part of the treatment. An SMN may have a benign course, as in meningioma, or be a dilemma for the patient, as in glioblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Ege University School of Medicine, 35100, Izmir, Turkey. mkantar@med.ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kantar
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cetingül
authors.forename: Savaş
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kansoy
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anacak
authors.forename: Eren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demirtaş
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Erşahin
authors.forename: Saffet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutluer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003893:Desmin / Q000378:metabolism; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008579:Meningioma / Q000209:etiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003893:Desmin; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C440408:MIB-1 antibody; D009418:S100 Proteins