title: Seed migration in prostate brachytherapy: a re-implant case report.
abstract: Seed embolisation to the lung is a possible risk following permanent prostate brachytherapy. The purpose of this work is to analyse a seed migration case and to suggest methods to reduce such occurrences. With this aim, the clinical history of the patient who experienced seed migration, the implant technique and the pre- and post-plan procedures have been investigated. The massive seed migration has been detected in the patient by means of a pelvic X-ray and a CT-scan of the thorax. The use of loose seeds, the implant technique and the presence of unfavourable anatomical characteristics, have been recognised as possible causes of this event. The use of linked seeds embedded in vicryl sutures for the peripheral portions of prostate, and the development of an implant technique based on both transverse and longitudinal ultrasound guidance are proposed in order to reduce seed migration.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS S. Raffaele, Departments of Radiochemotherapy, Medical Physics and Urology, Via Olgettina 60-20132 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Muzio
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Longobardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Losa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mangili
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigatti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calandrino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guazzoni
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional