title: Mechanical properties of tracheal smooth muscle are impaired in the rabbit with experimental cardiac pressure overload.
abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES/DESIGN: Impaired function of striated and arterial smooth muscle is known to occur in humans and animals with various forms of cardiac diseases, but limited information is available on the mechanical behavior of airway smooth muscle. We tested the hypothesis that the baseline mechanical properties of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) were impaired at an early stage of cardiac overload.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by surgical abdominal aortic stenosis (AS) in adult rabbits. Twelve animals with AS and 8 sham-operated control rabbits were studied 12 weeks after surgery. In rabbits with AS, the heart weight/body weight ratio was higher than in control rabbits (2.36 +/- 0.43 g/kg vs 1.98 +/- 0.20 g/kg, p < 0.05) [mean +/- SD], attesting to moderate cardiac hypertrophy. No clinical signs of congestive heart failure were observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated TSM strips were electrically stimulated at 37 degrees C, 2.5 mM [Ca(2+)](0), against 8 to 10 load levels, from zero load to full isometry. Force-velocity relationship was elicited using the conventional afterloaded isotonic method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak isometric tension was lower in rabbits with AS than in control rabbits (25 +/- 11 mN/mm(2) vs 34 +/- 14 mN/mm(2), p < 0.05), whereas maximum unloaded shortening velocity, maximum extent of muscle shortening, and relaxation parameters did not differ between groups. The curvature of the force-velocity relationship (which reflects the myothermal economy of force generation) and peak mechanical efficiency were lower in rabbits with AS than in control rabbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the contraction of isolated rabbit TSM was less powerful and less economical in cardiac hypertrophy, attesting to early impairment of the mechanical properties of TSM during cardiac overload.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France. xavier.blanc@bct.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langeron
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coirault
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmeron
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riou
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lecarpentier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D014132:Trachea / Q000503:physiopathology*