Verifying surgical results and risk factors of the lateral thoracodorsal flap.
In 1986, the combined use of the lateral thoracodorsal flap and an implant was introduced as an alternative method of delayed reconstruction of small to medium-size breasts for postmastectomy patients who are reluctant or unable to consider reconstruction by tissue expansion or by more extensive autologous tissue transplantation. So far, the technique has only been proven reproducible in Sweden. Postmastectomy radiotherapy has been proven to increase the risk of wound-healing complications after lateral thoracodorsal transplantation, and additional risk factors such as advanced age, obesity, smoking, and some general health characteristics have been indicated. The authors initiated a prospective study to assess the reproducibility of this technique outside Sweden and to confirm the proven risk factor, prove or refute the alleged ones, and possibly identify additional factors. Additionally, they applied the technique for immediate breast reconstruction and tried to expand the indications and applications of the lateral thoracodorsal flap even further. The authors report on their initial experience with 60 lateral thoracodorsal flaps and conclude that the use of this flap is a well-reproducible technique for breast reconstruction, with few complications leading to failure. Using the lateral thoracodorsal flap in combination with tissue expanders allows for reconstruction of breasts of larger than medium size. Moreover, the authors successfully applied fully deepithelialized lateral thoracodorsal flaps for additional indications. The statistical significance of postmastectomy radiotherapy as a risk factor could not be confirmed, but some general health characteristics were found to be significant patient-related risk factors. Out of five procedure-related characteristics, only increased flap length was proven to negatively influence the outcome of the procedure.
Woerdeman
Leonie A E
LA
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam.
van Schijndel
Anne W
AW
Hage
J Joris
JJ
Smeulders
Mark J C
MJ
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015626:Tissue Expansion