title: The effect of oral care feed-back devices on plaque removal and attitudes towards oral care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two studies were carried out to investigate whether the effect of specific oral care feed-back devices would result in better plaque removal (Study 1) and lead to changes in attitudes and views relating to oral health (Study 2). The objective of the first study was to compare the ability of a toothbrush system consisting of a new toothbrush plus plaque disclosing tablet (SIGNAL Integral) to remove supra-gingival plaque to that of a marketed toothbrush (Oral B Cross Action) following a single unsupervised brushing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1 had a cross-over design and included 21 healthy adult volunteers. Subjects refrained from any form of oral hygiene for 24 hours prior to each test session. Plaque levels (Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque index) were assessed prior to and following each unsupervised brushing. When the new toothbrush was used, subjects self-disclosed their plaque with a disclosing tablet (erythrosine) immediately prior to brushing. At each occasion, brushing time (in sec) was also recorded. Study 2 had a two-cell, parallel design (test and control group) and lasted for five days. Healthy adult volunteers were enrolled. Subjects in the test group (n = 30) were given a fluoride toothpaste and four saliva test strips to use at home. The saliva test strip is designed to change colour in the pH range of 6.5 to 10, allowing the user to verify the effect of brushing. The control group (n = 29) received no saliva test strips. Subjects completed a questionnaire after 4 days of product use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Study 1, significantly more plaque was removed (p < 0.05) and brushing time was increased by more than 20% when subjects used the new toothbrush together with the disclosing tablet compared to brushing with the marketed toothbrush. In Study 2, significant increases in motivation relating to oral hygiene were found in the test group who had been using the saliva test strip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two studies have provided significant evidence that the provision of feed-back devices in an oral care context can lead to improved removal of plaque and increased motivation.
authors.affiliation: Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, UK. fred.schafer@unilever.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Gillam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004923:Erythrosine; D005246:Feedback; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009042:Motivation; D009909:Oral Health; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011934:Reagent Strips; D014100:Toothpastes; D004923:Erythrosine; D005459:Fluorides