title: Binge eating disorder, weight control self-efficacy, and depression in overweight men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine binge eating, depression, weight self-efficacy, and weight control success among obese individuals seeking treatment in a managed care organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gender-stratified analyses of associations between binge eating, depression, weight self-efficacy, and weight change, using data from a randomized clinical trial that compared low-cost telephone-based, mail-based, and usual care interventions for weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1632 overweight individuals (460 men, 1172 women; mean age: 50.7 y; mean body mass index: 34.2 kg/m(2)) were recruited from a large Midwestern US managed care organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Height and weight were measured by study personnel at baseline, and self-reported weight was assessed at 6 and 12 months; self-reported depression status, binge eating, and self-efficacy for weight control were assessed at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifetime prevalence rates for depression and probable binge eating disorder were high. Weight self-efficacy was inversely related to weight in both men and women. For women, depression was associated with lower weight self-efficacy and higher body weight. Women reporting depression or lower weight self-efficacy at baseline had less weight loss success at 6 and 12 months. Depression, binge eating disorder, and weight self-efficacy were not significantly associated with weight loss success in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative emotional states are highly prevalent and predict poor treatment outcomes, particularly for obese women. As obese women with clinical depression typically are excluded from intervention studies, further research on how to address the intersection of obesity intervention and mood management may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. linde@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Utter
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Pronk
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Boyle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D002032:Bulimia / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss