title: Ebselen inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulates expression of endothelial cell (EC) genes that may promote atherosclerosis in part by an activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3[2H]-one), a selenoorganic compound, is effective for acute ischemic stroke; however, its effect on EC has not yet been elucidated. We examined the effect of ebselen on TNF-alpha-induced MAP kinase activation and adhesion molecule expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were rapidly and significantly activated by TNF-alpha in HUVEC. TNF-alpha-induced JNK activation was inhibited by ebselen, whereas ERK1/2 and p38 were not affected. Apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1) was suggested to be involved in TNF-alpha-induced JNK activation because transfection of kinase-inactive ASK1 inhibited TNF-alpha-induced JNK activation. Ebselen inhibited TNF-alpha-induced TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)-ASK1 complex formation and phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase ERK kinase 1 (SEK1), which is an upstream signaling molecule of JNK. Finally, TNF-alpha-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and resultant intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions were inhibited by ebselen. Specific inhibitors for JNK and NF-kappaB also inhibited TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions in HUVEC. These findings suggest that ebselen prevents TNF-alpha-induced EC activation through the inhibition of TRAF2-ASK1-SEK1 signaling pathway, which leads to JNK activation. Inhibition of JNK by ebselen may imply its usefulness for the prevention of atherosclerosis relevant to EC activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan. yoshizu@basic.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.forename: Moe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kyaw
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagami
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaki
mesh_terms: D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D054833:Isoindoles; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001393:Azoles; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D054833:Isoindoles; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C042986:ebselen; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; C482559:MAP2K4 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases