title: Comparison of the lethal effect of CO2 and acidification on red sea bream (Pagrus major) during the early developmental stages.
abstract: To compare the acute toxicity of CO(2)- and HCl-acidified seawater, eggs and larvae of a marine fish, Pagrus major, were exposed to seawater equilibrated with CO(2)-enriched gas mixtures (CO(2)=5% or 10%, O(2)=20.95% balanced with N(2)) or seawater acidified with 1 N HCl at two pH levels (pH 6.2 (=5% CO(2)) and 5.9 (=10% CO(2))) for 6 h (eggs) or 24 h (larvae). Mortalities of eggs were 85.8% (CO(2)) and 3.6% (HCl) at pH 6.2, and 97.4% (CO(2)) and 0.9% (HCl) at pH 5.9, while those of larvae were 61.2% (CO(2)) and 1.6% (HCl) at pH 6.2, and 100% (CO(2)) and 5.0% (HCl) at pH 5.9. Thus, previous research on the effects of acidified seawater on marine organisms, as a substitute for CO(2), has largely underestimated the toxic effects of CO(2).
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Marine Ecology Research Institute, 300 Iwawada, Onjuku, Chiba 299-5105, Japan. kikkawa@kaiseiken.or.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishimatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D021541:Sea Bream; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide