title: Acetylcysteine reduces plasma homocysteine concentration and improves pulse pressure and endothelial function in patients with end-stage renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased oxidative stress, elevated plasma homocysteine concentration, increased pulse pressure, and impaired endothelial function constitute risk factors for increased mortality in patients with end-stage renal failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the metabolic and hemodynamic effects of intravenous administration of acetylcysteine, a thiol-containing antioxidant, during a hemodialysis session in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study in 20 patients with end-stage renal failure. Under control conditions, a hemodialysis session reduced plasma homocysteine concentration to 58+/-22% predialysis (mean+/-SD), whereas in the presence of acetylcysteine, the plasma homocysteine concentration was significantly more reduced to 12+/-7% predialysis (P<0.01). The reduction of plasma homocysteine concentration was significantly correlated with a reduction of pulse pressure. A 10% decrease in plasma homocysteine concentration was associated with a decrease of pulse pressure by 2.5 mm Hg. Analysis of the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform showed changes of arterial wave reflectance during hemodialysis in the presence of acetylcysteine, indicating improved endothelial function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acetylcysteine-dependent increase of homocysteine removal during a hemodialysis session improves plasma homocysteine concentration, pulse pressure, and endothelial function in patients with end-stage renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Med. Klinik IV, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. Tepel@zedat.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scholze
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rinder
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beige
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riezler
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zidek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tepel
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006710:Homocysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine