title: [Immunochemical screening: manipulation, handling and interpretation errors, exemplified by benzodiazepines].
abstract: The article describes problems related to immunochemical screening-tests with special regard to benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for therapeutic purposes. Focal points are adulteration, manipulation and handling of samples, the selection of cut-off-values, specificity and cross-reactivity, influence of biotransformation and frequently observed pitfalls in the interpretation of the analytical results.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Giessen.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Marcel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Verhoff
authors.forename: Freidoon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weiler
mesh_terms: D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D001711:Biotransformation; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D007120:Immunochemistry; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000592:standards*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D001569:Benzodiazepines