title: Surgical treatment of pancreatic insulinomas in the era of laparoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic resection has been increasingly reported for pancreatic insulinomas. This report evaluates our experience with surgical treatment for pancreatic insulinomas in this era of laparoscopy and reviews the application, safety, and outcome of this surgical approach reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a consecutive series of 10 patients with pancreatic insulinomas, laparoscopic resection was performed for selected patients after routine preoperative localizations. The outcome of this operative strategy was reviewed together with reported cases involving laparoscopic resection of pancreatic insulinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy or enucleation was performed for four patients with tumors located at the body or tail of the pancreas, whereas open enucleation was performed for six patients with tumors located at the pancreatic head. Pancreatic leak developed in one laparoscopic and two open enucleations. A review of reported cases in the literature showed that 61 of 69 attempted laparoscopic pancreatic resections for insulinomas were performed successfully. All except two tumors were located at the body or tail of the pancreas. For 42 cases with detailed information, 41 tumors at the pancreas body or tail were removed successfully by enucleation (n = 24) or distal pancreatic resection (n = 17), and one tumor at the pancreatic head was enucleated successfully. Pancreatic fistula, the most frequent complication, occurred in 8 (19%) of 42 laparoscopic resections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic resection of pancreatic insulinomas is safe and feasible for tumors located at the body or tail of the pancreas. Its application for tumors located at the pancreatic head needs further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. cylo@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: W-F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: S-T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: P-K-H
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome