title: Maternal myo-inositol, glucose, and zinc status is associated with the risk of offspring with spina bifida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the maternal and children's myo-inositol, glucose, and zinc status in association with spina bifida risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three mothers and 70 children with spina bifida and 102 control mothers and 85 control children were investigated. The maternal and child serum myo-inositol, serum glucose, and red blood cell zinc concentrations were measured when the child was between 1 and 3 years old. These data were compared between cases and control subjects. The association with spina bifida was expressed by the ratio of geometric means and by odds ratios and 95% CI for a cutoff value at the extreme 10th percentile of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean of the maternal myo-inositol concentration tended to be 5% (95% CI, -1% to 11%) lower in cases. Interestingly, the odds ratio for the extreme low maternal myo-inositol concentration was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.1-6.0). The glucose and zinc concentrations were significantly higher at 7% (95% CI, 4%-10%) and significantly lower at 5% (95% CI, 0%-9%), in case mothers compared with control mothers. The odds ratios (95% CI) for maternal high glucose and low zinc concentrations were 4.6 (2.0-10.5) and 2.9 (1.2-7.0), respectively. The geometric mean of the myo-inositol concentration tended to be 7% (95% CI, 0%-14%) lower in children with spina bifida; the glucose and zinc concentrations were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal myo-inositol, glucose, and zinc status are associated with the risk of spina bifida in offspring. Furthermore, the myo-inositol status of the child seems to contribute to this risk as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pascal M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Groenen
authors.forename: Petronella G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Peer
authors.forename: Ron A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wevers
authors.forename: Dorine W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Swinkels
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Edwin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mariman
authors.forename: Régine P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Steegers-Theunissen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007294:Inositol / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007294:Inositol; D015032:Zinc