title: Progesterone and insulin stimulation of CPEB-dependent polyadenylation is regulated by Aurora A and glycogen synthase kinase-3.
abstract: Progesterone stimulation of Xenopus oocyte maturation requires the cytoplasmic polyadenylation-induced translation of mos and cyclin B mRNAs. One cis element that drives polyadenylation is the CPE, which is bound by the protein CPEB. Polyadenylation is stimulated by Aurora A (Eg2)-catalyzed CPEB serine 174 phosphorylation, which occurs soon after oocytes are exposed to progesterone. Here, we show that insulin also stimulates Aurora A-catalyzed CPEB S174 phosphorylation, cytoplasmic polyadenylation, translation, and oocyte maturation. However, these insulin-induced events are uniquely controlled by PI3 kinase and PKC-zeta, which act upstream of Aurora A. The intersection of the progesterone and insulin signaling pathways occurs at glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), which regulates the activity of Aurora A. GSK-3 and Aurora A interact in vivo, and overexpressed GSK-3 inhibits Aurora A-catalyzed CPEB phosphorylation. In vitro, GSK-3 phosphorylates Aurora A on S290/291, the result of which is an autophosphorylation of serine 349. GSK-3 phosphorylated Aurora A, or Aurora A proteins with S290/291D or S349D mutations, have reduced or no capacity to phosphorylate CPEB. Conversely, Aurora A proteins with S290/291A or S349A mutations are constitutively active. These results suggest that the progesterone and insulin stimulate maturation by inhibiting GSK-3, which allows Aurora A activation and CPEB-mediated translation.
authors.affiliation: Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Madathia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarkissian
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011061:Poly A / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000502:physiology; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C490388:Cpeb1 protein, Xenopus; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors; D011061:Poly A; D011374:Progesterone; D011494:Protein Kinases; C112134:AURKA protein, Xenopus; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3