title: An interface for direct analysis of (14)c in nonvolatile samples by accelerator mass spectrometry.
abstract: We describe here apparatus and methods for direct analysis of (14)C in biological specimens by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Liquid samples, including plasma and urine, are deposited by pipet into a bed of CuO powder that fills a space within a rigid, refractory support. Volatile components are removed under reduced pressure prior to analysis. The CuO matrix is locally heated with an infrared laser while it is contained within a sealed chamber that is swept with He carrier gas. Heating induces combustion of the applied sample, and the carrier gas transports the CO(2) that is formed to the AMS instrument's ion source, which is appropriately modified for use with CO(2). A rodent study of drug clearance with [(14)C]-acetaminophen was performed to provide plasma and urine specimens, which were analyzed with this overall approach and by liquid scintillation counting for comparison. Results presented here confirm the potential utility of laser-induced sample combustion as an alternative to graphite production for AMS analysis of (14)C. Anticipated benefits of the present approach include reduced risk of sample cross-contamination, decreased analysis time, and greater compatibility with robotics.
authors.affiliation: Biological Engineering Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Rosa G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tannenbaum
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hughey
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Shefer
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Klinkowstein
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Shawn P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Harriman
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Skipper
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012588:Scintillation Counting
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000082:Acetaminophen; D003300:Copper; C030973:cupric oxide