title: Safety and durability of redo carotid operation: an 11-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the recent emergence of carotid stenting in the management of carotid disease, the role of surgery has been challenged, particularly for recurrent carotid stenosis. This study was undertaken to determine the safety and durability of redo carotid operation (RCO) for recurrent stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review identified 64 consecutive patients who underwent 66 RCOs between 1990 and 2000. There were 33 males (52%) and 31 females, with a mean age of 68.2 years (range, 38-84 years). The mean interval from the primary carotid surgery to RCO was 77.5 months (range, 1-292 months). Operative indications were severe asymptomatic stenosis in 33 cases (50%), transient ischemic attacks (TIA) or amaurosis fugax in 25 (38%), recent stroke in 6 (9%), and nonhemispheric symptoms in 1. Two operations were tertiary carotid reconstructions. A total of 56 (85%) patch angioplasties were performed, 49 with vein and 6 with synthetic material. Primary closure was performed in three cases (5%), whereas interposition grafts were required in eight (12%). Complete follow-up was available in 59 patients (92%) and averaged 4.3 years (range, 0.2-12.9 years); 97% of patients underwent follow-up duplex scanning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no operative deaths and only two operative strokes (3.1%). Permanent cranial nerve deficit occurred in one patient (1.5%). Late stroke occurred in five patients: four ipsilateral and one contralateral. Kaplan-Meier estimates for 5- and 10-year stroke-free survival were 92% and 74%, and for overall survival were 72% and 50%. Duplex scanning detected significant recurrent carotid stenosis (>80%) or occlusion in six cases (9%) at a mean follow-up of 4.1 years. Kaplan-Meier estimates for freedom from recurrent stenosis of >80% were 94% and 86% at 5 and 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RCO for recurrent carotid stenosis can be performed safely with excellent protection from stroke and long-term durability. These data provide a standard against which the results of carotid stenting can be compared.
authors.affiliation: Surgery A011, University of Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. chojs@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Keshav
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pandurangi
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Nypaver
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies