title: Approaches to treatment for extraocular retinoblastoma: Children's Hospital Los Angeles experience.
abstract: Extraocular retinoblastoma is associated with a very poor outcome. At Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 10 of 207 patients with retinoblastoma had extraocular disease. Four patients with no histopathologic risk factors developed extraocular disease. All patients with direct extension into the central nervous system or with distant metastatic disease died. One of three patients with trilateral retinoblastoma and one patient with regional recurrence are alive after autologous bone marrow transplant. Patients with extraocular retinoblastoma who achieve remission may benefit from consolidation of their therapy with autologous bone marrow transplant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles California, USA. rjubran@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: Rima F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Jubran
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdreich-Epstein
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Butturini
authors.forename: A Linn
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Murphree
authors.forename: Judith G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Villablanca
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009423:Nervous System Neoplasms; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists