title: Effects of high-frequency stimulation on subthalamic neuronal activity in parkinsonian patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a neurosurgical alternative to medical treatment in levodopa-responsive forms of Parkinson disease. The mechanism of action of STN stimulation remains controversial, although an inhibition of overactive STN neurons has been postulated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of high-frequency STN stimulation on the neuronal activity of STN neurons in Parkinson disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-unit recordings of the neuronal activity of the STN were obtained before, during, and after the application of intra-STN electrical stimulation in 15 Parkinson disease patients. Changes in firing frequency and pattern were analyzed using various combinations of stimulus frequency (range, 14-140 Hz).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulation at a frequency greater than 40 Hz applied within the STN significantly decreased the firing frequency and increased the burst-like activity in the firing pattern of STN neurons. An aftereffect was observed in cells that had been totally inhibited during high-frequency stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial effects of high-frequency stimulation result from a change in the firing pattern of cellular discharge and a blockade of the spontaneous overactivity of STN neurons.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Fédération de Neurologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Houeto
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: Paul-Boulos
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bejjani
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mesnage
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dormont
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornu
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agid
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pidoux
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology