title: The effect of education in managing side effects in women receiving chemotherapy for treatment of breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of informational audiotapes on self-care behaviors, state anxiety, and use of self-care behaviors; to describe the occurrence and intensity of common side effects in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient chemotherapy clinics operated by a university center in a rural area.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 women receiving their first treatment of chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects completed demographic data and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety instrument (stai). The experimental group received two audiotapes. At one and three months, subjects completed the modified nail self-care diary and stai via telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  State anxiety, side-effect severity, and use and efficacy of self-care behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent side effects were fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and taste change. The experimental group reported symptom improvements that were not found in the control group. The experimental group increased the use of recommended self-care behaviors, whereas the control group continued to use the same self-care behaviors without effectiveness. State anxiety for both groups diminished over time; however, anxiety in the control group was consistently higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Audiotapes are effective teaching tools. Self-care behaviors can be taught and can be effective in managing side effects. Anxiety was high in both groups, but the symptom decreased in the women who received audiotapes and telephone calls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Constraints on nurses decrease the length of teaching time available, but audiotapes provide effective teaching and reinforcement of education. Anxiety in clinical environments interferes with patient learning. Teaching effective self-care behaviors enhances patients' independence, comfort, control, and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. williamssus@mail.ecu.edu
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schreier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D004408:Dysgeusia / Q000139:chemically induced; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012424:Rural Population; D012648:Self Care; D013637:Tape Recording; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced