title: Granular cell tumor of the trachea in pregnancy: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to present a case report of a woman with recurrent disease during consecutive pregnancies and to discuss the diagnosis and management of granular cell tracheal tumors, with particular attention to pregnancy and hyperestrogenic states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search and comprehensive review of literature to assess all cases of granular cell tumors of the trachea were compared and collected, with particular attention to individual cases of pregnancy or cases related to the hyperestrogenic state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two cases of granular cell tumors of the trachea were found. Only a few cases related to the hyperestrogenic state were obtained. The case report describes a woman with recurrent disease in subsequent pregnancies during the later stages of pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few cases of granular cell tumors of the trachea have been reported, with even fewer being pregnancy related. The diagnosis and management of these tumors include careful attention to patient symptoms and airway management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ipakchi
authors.forename: Warren H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zager
authors.forename: Monica E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Baca
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bloedon
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCue
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zwillenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D016586:Granular Cell Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery