title: Trends in the aggressiveness of cancer care near the end of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the aggressiveness of end-of-life cancer treatment for older adults on Medicare, and its relationship to the availability of healthcare resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed Medicare claims of 28,777 patients 65 years and older who died within 1 year of a diagnosis of lung, breast, colorectal, or other gastrointestinal cancer between 1993 and 1996 while living in one of 11 US regions monitored by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of treatment with chemotherapy increased from 27.9% in 1993 to 29.5% in 1996 (P =.02). Among those who received chemotherapy, 15.7% were still receiving treatment within 2 weeks of death, increasing from 13.8% in 1993 to 18.5% in 1996 (P <.001). From 1993 to 1996, increasing proportions of patients had more than one emergency department visit (7.2% v 9.2%; P <.001), hospitalization (7.8% v 9.1%; P =.008), or were admitted to an intensive care unit (7.1% v 9.4%; P =.009) in the last month of life. Although fewer patients died in acute-care hospitals (32.9% v 29.5%; P <.001) and more used hospice services (28.3% v 38.8%; P <.001), an increasing proportion of patients who received hospice care initiated this service only within the last 3 days of life (14.3% v 17.0%; P =.004). Black patients were more likely than white patients to experience aggressive intervention in nonteaching hospitals but not in teaching hospitals. Greater local availability of hospices was associated with less aggressive treatment near death on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of cancer patients near death is becoming increasingly aggressive over time.
authors.affiliation: MSc, Center for Outcomes and Policy Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Center, 44 Binney St, 454-STE 21-24, Boston, MA 02115, USA. craig_earle@dfci.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Craig C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Earle
authors.forename: Bridget A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Landrum
authors.forename: John Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ayanian
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Weeks
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013727:Terminal Care; D014481:United States