title: Enhanced leukocyte-platelet cross-talk in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: relationship to microangiopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelets and leukocytes may influence each others' function, i.e. platelet-leukocyte cross-talk. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with platelet and leukocyte dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate platelet-leukocyte cross-talk, and if this might contribute to platelet and leukocyte dysfunction and microangiopathy in DM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated platelet and leukocyte function, and cross-talk between these cells in Type 1 DM patients without (n = 19) and with (n = 20) microangiopathy, and healthy subjects (n = 27), using whole blood flow cytometry. Platelet-leukocyte cross-talk was studied in hirudinized whole blood incubated at 37 degrees C with stirring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal single platelet P-selectin and leukocyte CD11b expression were similar in DM patients and healthy subjects, whilst circulating platelet-leukocyte aggregates and plasma elastase levels were elevated in DM patients. The thromboxane A2 analog U46619 (3 x 10(-7) m) induced more marked increases of platelet P-selectin expression and platelet-leukocyte aggregation in DM patients than in healthy subjects. The leukocyte-specific agonist N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (10(-7) m) induced more marked CD11b expression in DM patients with microangiopathy, compared with healthy subjects. Platelet-leukocyte cross-talk induced by U46619 (10(-6) m) showed no difference between DM patients and healthy subjects. fMLP (10(-6) m) evoked marked leukocyte activation, which subsequently caused mild platelet P-selectin expression. This leukocyte-platelet cross-talk was more pronounced in DM patients than in healthy subjects. Furthermore, enhanced leukocyte-platelet cross-talk was correlated to platelet hyperreactivity among DM patients with microangiopathy only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 1 DM is associated with platelet and leukocyte hyperactivity, and enhanced leukocyte-platelet cross-talk, which may contribute to platelet hyperactivity and the microvascular complications seen in Type 1 DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yngen
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ostenson
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Wallén
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hjemdahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D002450:Cell Communication; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015539:Platelet Activation; D010974:Platelet Aggregation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin