title: [Modification for primary tongue reconstruction with free forearm flap after radical operation of tongue carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical operation of tongue carcinoma causes hemi-tongue defective, which seriously affected the quality of life in these patients. The primary tongue reconstruction guaranteed the healing of the surgical incision at early stage. This may help to recover swallowing and speaking of the patients. However, the vascular crisis happened in the free flap proved to be an obstacle to the extensive application in the tongue reconstruction. This paper illustrated some modifications in the application of the free forearm flap, which may ensure the success in operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some methods like skin flap design, preparation and vascular anastomosis were modified in the application among the 32 tongue carcinoma patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgical incisions of the oral cavity and neck healed up, with no salivary fistula, chylorrhea, submandibular fistula, infection and other complications. After the operations, 6 flaps developed vascular crisis, and 5 flaps were successfully salvaged, meanwhile, one case failed, which resulted in the flap abandonment. The total successful transplantation rate reached 96.9%. The reconstructed tongue recovered, and the speaking as well as swallowing functions re-obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified methods of tongue reconstruction with free forearm flap improve the clinical effects of reconstructed tongue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P.R.China. 13609001967@vip.163.com
authors.forename: Jing-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chao-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Hong-Zhang
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jian-Guang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014059:Tongue / Q000601:surgery*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*