title: [The development of a toxic megacolon due to Amanita phalloides poisoning. A rare complication].
abstract: METHODS
  A 71-year-old previously healthy man consumed a mushroom meal containing Amanita phalloides, which he had confused with Agaricus campestris. Approximately 8 hours later, typical gastrointestinal symptoms began with copious loss of fluids. Treatment with penicillin G was initiated followed by a continuous silibinin infusion before the patient was transferred to our toxicological department. Other than a transient tachycardia and diffuse pain on abdominal palpation clinical examination was without abnormal findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory findings showed severe hepatic damage with 100-fold increased transaminases, elevation of serum creatinine, hyperbilirubinemia and a serious disturbance of coagulation. Infection with HIV, hepatitis- and CMV as well as pathogenic enteric bacteria and antibiotic-associated pseudo-membranous colitis were excluded. 11 days after the mushroom meal x-ray of abdomen showed a 6 cm dilatation of the small intestine and an 8 cm dilatation of the colon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Although clinical condition and laboratory findings nearly fulfilled transplantation criteria, hepatic injury resolved during intensive care therapy. Intractable diarrhea, dilatation of the intestine on x-ray as well as other findings met criteria of toxic megacolon. Therapy with antibiotics and systemic steroids was ineffective, so the patient needed decompression by a catheter, which was placed by colonoscopy. 30 days after the serious amanita poisoning complicated by development of toxic megacolon, the patient's condition resolved without sequelae and he was discharged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition the well known complications of amanita-poisoning, such as hepatic failure, encephalopathy and multi-organ failure, involvement of other organs like bone marrow, pancreas, kidney and gastrointestinal tract (except for the initial cholera-like gastroenteritis) are not well documented in the literature. Uncommon complications like toxic megacolon require an empirical approach.
authors.affiliation: Toxikologische Abteilung der II. Medizinischen Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technische Universität München, München, Germany. Floria.Eyer@t-online.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eyer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Felgenhauer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zilker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000545:Amanita; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003106:Colon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008532:Megacolon, Toxic / Q000209:etiology*; D009145:Mushroom Poisoning / Q000150:complications*; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome