title: Genotypic analysis of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Monterrey, Mexico.
abstract: Thirty-seven multidrug-resistant and 13 pan-susceptible isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analysed for the diversity of genotypes associated with known drug-resistance mechanisms. The isolates were obtained from patients attending a university tuberculosis clinic in Monterrey, Mexico. A total of 25 IS6110-RFLP patterns were obtained from the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates. Approximately 65% of the MDR-TB isolates were attributed to secondary resistance. Different drug-susceptibility patterns were seen with the clustered isolates. The percentage of isolates resistant to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (STR) was 100, 97.3, 48.7 and 67.6, respectively. The most common resistance-associated polymorphisms for the four drugs were as follows: INH, Ser315Thr (67.6%) in katG; RIF, Ser450Leu (41.7%) in rpoB; EMB, Met306Ile/Val/Leu (66.7%) in embB; and STR, Lys43Arg (24%) in rpsL. Drug-resistance-associated mutations were similar to changes occurring in isolates from other areas of the world, but unique, previously unreported, mutations in katG (n=5), rpoB (n=1) and rrs (n=3) were also identified.
authors.affiliation: Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2Pulmonary Services and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Monterrey, Universidad Autonomy de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, AR, USA 4Department of Medicine and 5Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Srinivas V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.affiliation: Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2Pulmonary Services and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Monterrey, Universidad Autonomy de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, AR, USA 4Department of Medicine and 5Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Shu-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2Pulmonary Services and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Monterrey, Universidad Autonomy de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, AR, USA 4Department of Medicine and 5Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rendon
authors.affiliation: Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2Pulmonary Services and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Monterrey, Universidad Autonomy de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, AR, USA 4Department of Medicine and 5Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2Pulmonary Services and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Monterrey, Universidad Autonomy de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, AR, USA 4Department of Medicine and 5Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: M Donald
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.affiliation: Houston Tuberculosis Initiative, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2Pulmonary Services and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Hospital of Monterrey, Universidad Autonomy de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 3Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, AR, USA 4Department of Medicine and 5Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Graviss
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements