title: Non-expert use of the cerebral function monitor for neonatal seizure detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cerebral function monitor (CFM) is widely used to detect neonatal seizures, but there are very few studies comparing it with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of non-expert use of the CFM and to assess interobserver agreement of CFM seizure detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at King's College Hospital who were at high risk of seizure and had video-EEG monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video-EEG was used to detect seizures. Each baby had CFM recordings at speeds of 6, 15, and 30 cm/h during the EEG. Four neonatologists, trained in CFM seizure recognition, independently rated one hour CFM samples at three speeds from each baby. Interobserver agreement was quantified using Cohen's kappa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFM traces from 19 babies with EEG seizures and 21 babies without EEG seizures were analysed. Overall non-expert interpretation of the CFM performed poorly as a seizure detector compared with simultaneous EEG (sensitivities 38% at 6 cm/h; 54% at 15 cm/h; 55% at 30 cm/h). Although babies with seizures were more likely to be correctly classified at higher speeds (p = 0.02), babies without seizures were also more likely to be misclassified (p < 0.001). Agreement between observers was not good at any speed (kappa values from 0.01 to 0.39). The observers usually detected generalised seizures but often missed seizures that were focal, low amplitude, or lasted less than one minute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately half of all neonatal seizures may be missed using CFM alone. Neonatal seizures need to be diagnosed, characterised, and quantified first using EEG. The CFM may then be useful for long term monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital, London, UK. janet.rennie@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chorley
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Boylan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pressler
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011361:Professional Competence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors