title: Approaches to tobacco control: the evidence base.
abstract: Tobacco production, distribution, and use are international issues with significant health and economic implications. This paper provides an overview of the effective approaches to tobacco control including decreasing demand for tobacco products through taxation, consumer education, research, bans on advertising and promotion, warning labels, and restrictions on public smoking. The effectiveness of reducing the supply of tobacco products through prohibition, restrictions on youth access, crop substitution, trade restrictions, and control of smuggling, will also be discussed. Decreasing smoking, particularly among young people, by preventing or delaying initiation, preventing regular use, and increasing cessation through behavioural approaches for all ages is reviewed. Cessation methods including pharmacological approaches, 'quitlines', Internet programmes, and the targeting of specific populations are discussed. Internet availability of tobacco products and sustainability of current efforts are presented as continuing challenges to tobacco control.
authors.affiliation: The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: M Lober
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Aquilino
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D006266:Health Education; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013660:Taxes; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000191:economics; D014026:Nicotiana