title: Neonatal sepsis in hospital-born babies: bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of bacterial isolates from neonatal blood cultures and their susceptibility patterns in hospital-born babies having sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obstetrics Unit and Special Care Baby Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1st January to 31st December 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out on the neonates born and admitted in hospital with positive blood culture reports. Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONNS) and late onset neonatal sepsis (LONNS) were defined as illness appearing from birth to seven days and from eight to twenty-eight days postnatal age respectively. The blood culture reports were analyzed by SPSS package and cross tabulation was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twelve hospital-born babies presented with sepsis. Sixty-seven neonates had positive cultures. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the commonest organism causing EONNS (35; 77.1%) followed by Pseudomonas (4; 8.9%), Klebsiella (4; 8.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2; 4.4%) respectively. In the LONNS E. coli (19; 77.3%) was the commonest followed by Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas (2; 9% each) and Klebsiella (1; 4.5%). The gram-negative organisms showed high degree of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, ampicillin (79.3%), amoxicillin (74.6%) and ceftazidime (71.6%), cefotaxime (55.2%) and comparatively low resistance to gentamicin (43.2%), tobramycin (34.3%), imipinem (23.6%), amikacin (22.3%), ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (11.9%) respectively. Staphylococcus aureus showed almost the same resistance to ampicillin, 75%, and comparatively low resistance to the rest of the antibiotics as compared to the gram-negative organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal sepsis is mainly caused by gram-negative organisms, which are developing resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. bshifa@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Brekhna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aurangzeb
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003906:Developing Countries; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents