title: Risk factors for norovirus, Sapporo-like virus, and group A rotavirus gastroenteritis.
abstract: Viral pathogens are the most common causes of gastroenteritis in the community. To identify modes of transmission and opportunities for prevention, a case-control study was conducted and risk factors for gastroenteritis attributable to norovirus (NV), Sapporo-like virus (SLV), and rotavirus were studied. For NV gastroenteritis, having a household member with gastroenteritis, contact with a person with gastroenteritis outside the household, and poor food-handling hygiene were associated with illness (population attributable risk fractions [PAR] of 17%, 56%, and 47%, respectively). For SLV gastroenteritis, contact with a person with gastroenteritis outside the household was associated with a higher risk (PAR 60%). For rotavirus gastroenteritis, contact with a person with gastroenteritis outside the household and food-handling hygiene were associated with a higher risk (PAR 86% and 46%, respectively). Transmission of these viral pathogens occurs primarily from person to person. However, for NV gastroenteritis, foodborne transmission seems to play an important role.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matty A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Marion P G
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.forename: Yvonne T H P
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van Duynhoven
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D029341:Sapovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification