title: [The analysis of formant characteristics of vowels in the speech of patient with cleft palate].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the formant frequency of vowels in the sequence therapy of patient with cleft palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The formant frequency of vowels [a], [e], [i], [u] of normal children and postoperative patients with and without speech therapy was measured and analyzed by VS-99.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1. The mean value of F1, F2, F3 of [a] did not show significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). 2. The difference of mean value of [e] was significant between control group and pre-speech-therapy group, and between pre-speech-therapy and post-speech-therapy group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between post-speech-therapy and control group(P > 0.05). The mean value of the formant in post-speech-therapy was higher than that of pre-speech-therapy. 3. The difference of mean value of [i] was significant between pre-speech-therapy and post-speech-therapy (P < 0.05), the mean value of F2, F3 in post-speech-therapy group decreased significantly compared with control (P < 0.05). 4. The difference of mean value of [u] showed significance between pre-speech-therapy and post-speech-therapy (P < 0.05), while the differences among other groups were insignificant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical repair of cleft palate cannot make all patients obtain perfect Velopharyngeal competence (VPC), while speech therapy can improve patient's pronunciation. Speech spectrum analysis can judge the effect of cleft palate therapy objectively.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xuecai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ningyi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lingxue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*