title: Allowable level of lifetime cadmium intake calculated from the individuals in the Jinzu River basin of Japan.
abstract: We investigated a dose-response relationship between renal dysfunction and lifetime cadmium intake in individual subjects using logistic regression analysis and calculated the allowable level of lifetime cadmium intake among the inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin. From the participants of 1967 and 1968 health examinations, target subjects in whose hamlet the cadmium concentration in rice was known and whose history of residence was also known were selected. Cadmium concentrations in rice from data analyzed by the Toyama Prefecture from 1971 to 1976 were used. The urinary examination was done by semiquantitative determination of protein and glucose. All odds ratios for lifetime cadmium intake obtained from logistic regression analysis were more than 1 in both males and females who had resided in their current hamlet since birth with and without subjects who moved from nonpolluted areas and with or without the control group. The allowable levels of lifetime cadmium intake were calculated by substituting the abnormality rates of urinary findings of the controls 40, 50, 60, and 70 yr old into the logistic regression formula. The allowable levels of lifetime cadmium intake were less than 1.58 g for both sexes and each age group using proteinuria with glucosuria measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiyoda
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suwazono
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006029:Glycosuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000652:urine; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium