title: Do olfactory reference syndrome and jiko-shu-kyofu (a subtype of taijin-kyofu) share a common entity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) in the Western literature is characterized as preoccupation with the idea that the body emits a foul odor. Japanese patients with a feature similar to ORS have long been recognized as jiko-shu-kyofu, which is believed to be a culture-bound syndrome and specific to Japan. The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between the two separate syndromes that had independently been recognized in culturally different settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phenomenology and treatment of seven patients with jiko-shu-kyofu were described. A feature of jiko-shu-kyofu was then compared with that of ORS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our cases, clinical characteristics of jiko-shu-kyofu such as symptomatology, insight, and pharmacotherapy response were found identical to those of ORS except for the onset at relatively younger ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jiko-shu-kyofu and ORS may share a common clinical entity, hence the former is not a culturally distinctive disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003702:Delusions; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012919:Social Behavior; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D013577:Syndrome