title: Coupling of caspase-9 to Apaf1 in response to loss of pRb or cytotoxic drugs is cell-type-specific.
abstract: Inactivation of the tumor suppressor Rb in the mouse induces cell death, which depends entirely (in lens, CNS) and only partly (PNS, skeletal muscles) on Apaf1/Ced4, an apoptosomal factor thought to be required for processing procaspase-9 following mitochondrial permeabilization. Here, we report that in response to cytotoxic drugs, Apaf1(-/-) primary myoblasts but not fibroblasts undergo bona fide apoptosis. Cell demise was associated with disruption of mitochondria but not endoplasmic reticulum. Processing of procaspase-9 occurred in Apaf1(-/-) myoblasts but not fibroblasts, and ablation of Casp9 prevented drug-induced apoptosis in both cell types. Deregulation of the Rb pathway by overexpression of E2F1 also induced caspase-9-dependent, Apaf1-independent apoptosis in myoblasts. Despite its requirement for apoptosis in vitro, mutation in Casp9 abrogated cell death in the nervous system and lens but only partly in skeletal muscles of Rb-deficient embryos. In addition, developmental cell death in fetal liver and PNS was not inhibited in Casp9(-/-) embryos. Therefore, loss of pRb elicits apoptosome-dependent and apoptosome-independent cell death, and the requirement and coupling of caspase-9 to Apaf1 are both context-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology and Medical Biophysics, Division of Cell & Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Qin H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Razqallah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hakem
authors.forename: Tak W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Eldad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zacksenhaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology; D009154:Mutation; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: C506593:Apaf1 protein, mouse; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D011506:Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D019311:Staurosporine