title: Nucleotide incorporation by human DNA polymerase gamma opposite benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[c]phenanthrene diol epoxide adducts of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine.
abstract: Mitochondria are major cellular targets of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a known carcinogen that also inhibits mitochondrial proliferation. Here, we report for the first time the effect of site-specific N2-deoxyguanosine (dG) and N6-deoxyadenosine (dA) adducts derived from BaP 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide (BaP DE) and dA adducts from benzo[c]phenanthrene 3,4-diol 1,2-epoxide (BcPh DE) on DNA replication by exonuclease-deficient human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (pol gamma) with and without the p55 processivity subunit. The catalytic subunit alone primarily misincorporated dAMP and dGMP opposite the BaP DE-dG adducts, and incorporated the correct dTMP as well as the incorrect dAMP opposite the DE-dA adducts derived from both BaP and BcPh. In the presence of p55 the polymerase incorporated all four nucleotides and catalyzed limited translesion synthesis past BaP DE-dG adducts but not past BaP or BcPh DE-dA adducts. Thus, all these adducts cause erroneous purine incorporation and significant blockage of further primer elongation. Purine misincorporation by pol gamma opposite the BaP DE-dG adducts resembles that observed with the Y family pol eta. Blockage of translesion synthesis by these DE adducts is consistent with known BaP inhibition of mitochondrial (mt)DNA synthesis and suggests that continued exposure to BaP reduces mtDNA copy number, increasing the opportunity for repopulation with pre-existing mutant mtDNA and a resultant risk of mitochondrial genetic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Graziewicz
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sayer
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jerina
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Copeland
mesh_terms: D001580:Benzopyrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074002:DNA Polymerase gamma; D004261:DNA Replication; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003839:Deoxyadenosines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013698:Templates, Genetic
chemical_list: D001580:Benzopyrenes; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D003839:Deoxyadenosines; D009711:Nucleotides; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D000074002:DNA Polymerase gamma; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine