title: Accelerating embryonic growth during incubation following prolonged egg storage. 1. Embryonic livability.
abstract: The hypothesis was proposed that shorter incubation periods and faster growth rates for long-stored eggs would improve embryonic survival and poult hatchling quality. Increased incubation temperatures were tested for their efficacy in improving embryonic livability in fertilized eggs stored for 15 d prior to setting in the incubator compared to controls stored for only 3 d. Two temperature treatments were applied. In experiment 1, a 37.8 degrees C set point for dry bulb temperature was used to accelerate development for the initial 2 wk compared to the controls at 37.5 degrees C. Following treatment, the accelerated embryos were returned to the same machine as the controls. In experiment 2, higher temperature exposure was only for the initial week of incubation. The temperature and storage treatments were in a completely random 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. At the completion of 28 d of incubation, survival rates of all treatments were determined by opening all nonhatching eggs to differentiate truly fertilized eggs from unfertilized. Hatchability was determined by dividing the total number of poults on a hatching tray by the number of fertilized eggs on a tray. Incubator trays were the experimental unit. Tissues were sampled in both experiments to verify treatment effects on growth and metabolism. Hatching times were observed at 4-h intervals during the actual hatching process beginning at 25 d of incubation. It was concluded that delayed growth and depressed metabolism of fertilized turkey eggs stored for 15 d can be compensated for by exposure to higher incubation temperatures for the initial 1 or 2 wk of incubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7608, USA. vern_christensen@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wineland
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D007185:Incubators / Q000662:veterinary; D011786:Quality Control; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014422:Turkeys / Q000196:embryology*