title: Selective cleavage of nucleolar autoantigen B23 by granzyme B in differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells: insights into the association of specific autoantibodies with distinct disease phenotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of specific autoantibodies with distinct disease phenotypes. The association of autoantibodies to nucleophosmin/B23 with pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma, and the susceptibility of autoantigens to cleavage by granzyme B (GB), provided a focus for these studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intact cells were subjected to cytotoxic lymphocyte granule-induced death, and the susceptibility of autoantigens to cleavage by GB was addressed by immunoblotting and/or by a novel immunofluorescence assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B23 was cleaved efficiently by GB in vitro, but was highly resistant to cleavage by GB during cytotoxic lymphocyte granule-mediated death of many intact cell types. In contrast, this molecule was highly susceptible to GB-mediated proteolysis exclusively in differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells. Topoisomerase I and several other GB substrates did not show this striking change in cleavage susceptibility in different cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that the cleavage of B23 by GB in intact cells is dependent upon both cell type and phenotype. The susceptibility of this autoantigen (which is associated with a distinct pulmonary vascular phenotype in scleroderma) to GB-mediated proteolysis selectively in vascular smooth muscle cells suggests that the GB-cleavable conformation of autoantigens may occur selectively in the target tissue, and may play a role in shaping the phenotype-specific autoimmune response.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ulanet
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Flavahan
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casciola-Rosen
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000276:immunology*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000276:immunology; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D053804:Granzymes; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D010641:Phenotype; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; C509213:GZMB protein, human; D053804:Granzymes; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I