title: The relationship between disinfection by-product formation and structural characteristics of humic substances in chloramination.
abstract: The influence of structural characteristics of humic substances on disinfection by-product (DBP) formation was investigated for seven humic substances isolated from aquatic and terrestrial sources. The structural characterizations included 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The aqueous humic substances were chloraminated at pH 7.0 and 8.5, with and without the presence of the bromide ion, and analyzed for total organic halogen (TOX), trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Aromatic contents determined by 13C NMR and differential UV absorbance at 254 nm statistically correlated with TOX formation for the humic substances investigated at p < 0.08. In contrast, a lack of correlation was observed for THM and HAA formation and these parameters. This paper also compiles relevant literature and discusses the contrasting reaction response of DBP precursor material to chlorination and chloramination.
authors.affiliation: ThermoFinnigan, San Jose, California 95134, USA.
authors.forename: Wells W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chadik
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Delfino
mesh_terms: D002700:Chloramines / Q000032:analysis*; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D004203:Disinfection; D006812:Humic Substances; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D006812:Humic Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical