title: Removal of soft deposits from the distribution system improves the drinking water quality.
abstract: Deterioration in drinking water quality in distribution networks represents a problem in drinking water distribution. These can be an increase in microbial numbers, an elevated concentration of iron or increased turbidity, all of which affect taste, odor and color in the drinking water. We studied if pipe cleaning would improve the drinking water quality in pipelines. Cleaning was arranged by flushing the pipes with compressed air and water. The numbers of bacteria and the concentrations of iron and turbidity in drinking water were highest at 9 p.m., when the water consumption was highest. Soft deposits inside the pipeline were occasionally released to bulk water, increasing the concentrations of iron, bacteria, microbially available organic carbon and phosphorus in drinking water. The cleaning of the pipeline decreased the diurnal variation in drinking water quality. With respect to iron, only short-term positive effects were obtained. However, removing of the nutrient-rich soft deposits did decrease the microbial growth in the distribution system during summer when there were favorable warm temperatures for microbial growth. No Norwalk-like viruses or coliform bacteria were detected in the soft deposits, in contrast to the high numbers of heterotrophic bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 95, Kuopio 70701, Finland. markku.lehtola@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Markku J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lehtola
authors.forename: Tarja K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Nissinen
authors.forename: Ilkka T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: Pertti J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Martikainen
authors.forename: Terttu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D018441:Biofilms; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004867:Equipment Design; D006920:Hygiene; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011786:Quality Control; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron