title: Preparing patients for gastrointestinal endoscopy: the influence of information in medical situations.
abstract: The effects of the provision of information were tested in a sample of patients who underwent a gastrointestinal endoscopy for the first time (N=260). On the basis of their Threatening Medical Situation Inventory (TMSI)-monitoring score these patients were divided in high monitors versus low monitors. On the basis of the existing literature each group received the type of information that was considered most beneficial with regard to their coping style, and each group was compared with a control group receiving standard care (the usual information plus coaching by a nurse). Dependent variables were anxiety at different points in time, heart rate and skin conductance, pain, experience of the procedure, course of the procedure, duration of gagging, and satisfaction with the information provided. Unexpectedly, it turned out that high monitors did not profit by extensive information when compared with high monitors receiving standard care. Also for low monitors their minimal informational intervention did not exceed the effects of standard care. In the discussion, four factors possibly responsible for these results were elaborated. It is concluded that reservedness is required in providing (too) extensive information to patients who ask for this. Furthermore, considering the rather unpredictable and uncontrollable course of a gastrointestinal endoscopy, coaching by a nurse remains a valuable type of support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85060, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.j.vanliet@med.uu.nl
authors.forename: Marjolein J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grypdonck
authors.forename: Florence J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Zuuren
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winnubst
authors.forename: Cas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kruitwagen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013664:Teaching Materials