title: Membrane-potential-dependent inhibition of platelet adhesion to endothelial cells by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are potent vasodilators produced by endothelial cells. In many vessels, they are an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). However, it is unknown whether they act as an EDHF on platelets and whether this has functional consequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometric measurement of platelet membrane potential using the fluorescent dye DiBac4 showed a resting potential of -58+/-9 mV. Different EET regioisomers hyperpolarized platelets down to -69+/-2 mV, which was prevented by the non-specific potassium channel inhibitor charybdotoxin and by use of a blocker of calcium-activated potassium channels of large conductance (BK(Ca) channels), iberiotoxin. EETs inhibited platelet adhesion to endothelial cells under static and flow conditions. Exposure to EETs inhibited platelet P-selectin expression in response to ADP. Stable overexpression of cytochrome P450 2C9 in EA.hy926 cells (EA.hy2C9 cells) resulted in release of EETs and a factor that hyperpolarized platelets and inhibited their adhesion to endothelial cells. These effects were again inhibited by charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EETs hyperpolarize platelets and inactivate them by inhibiting adhesion molecule expression and platelet adhesion to cultured endothelial cells in a membrane potential-dependent manner. They act as an EDHF on platelets and might be important mediators of the anti-adhesive properties of vascular endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Medizinische Poliklinik-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany. fkroetz@lmu.de
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krötz
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Riexinger
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buerkle
authors.forename: Kasem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nithipatikom
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gloe
authors.forename: Hae-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pohl
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000502:physiology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D018999:Charybdotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: C107016:14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; D001685:Biological Factors; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D007473:Ion Channels; D010455:Peptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D018999:Charybdotoxin; D001030:Apamin; C046783:11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid; C064719:iberiotoxin; C040776:5,6-epoxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid; C050715:8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; C046782:14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid