title: Estrogen receptor-alpha, sexual dimorphism and reduced-size liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice.
abstract: Estrogen (E(2)) exerts its effect on target organs principally by interacting with specific estrogen receptors (ER) such as ER-alpha or ER-beta. The role that these E(2) receptors play in mediating the protective effects observed in RSL+I/R induced injury remains to be defined. To study the role of ER-alpha, we anesthetized female and male wild type (wt; C57Bl/6) and ER-alpha-deficient (alphaERKO) mice and subjected them to 70% liver ischemia for 45 min followed by resection of the remaining 30% nonischemic lobes and reperfusion of the ischemic tissue. For some experiments, wt and alphaERKO male mice were injected with E(2). Survival was monitored on a daily basis while liver injury was assessed by quantifying serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histopathology. Hepatic eNOS mRNA levels were evaluated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Our data showed that untreated females or males treated with E(2) survived RSL+I/R surgery indefinitely whereas all male mice given vehicle died within 3-5 days following surgery. This protective effect was diminished in alphaERKO female mice such that only 40% of alphaERKO females survived 7 d following RSL+I/R. Furthermore, liver injury was significantly higher in alphaERKO females compared with their wt counterparts and similar to those seen in wild type males and alphaERKO males. The protective effect observed in wild type females or E(2) treated males correlated well with increases in hepatic eNOS message whereas both male and female alphaERKO mice exhibited significantly lower levels of eNOS mRNA. We conclude that this protection may in part be due to the E(2)/ER-alpha-mediated activation of eNOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1501 King's Hwy, Med School bldg. #4-315, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Sulaiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bharwani
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pavlick
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Korach
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grisham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse