title: Visual stimuli in daily life.
abstract: People of all ages, but especially children and adolescents, are increasingly exposed to visual stimuli. Typical environmental stimuli that can trigger epileptic seizures in susceptible persons are televisions (TVs), computers, videogames (VGs), discothèque lights, venetian blinds, striped walls, rolling stairs (escalators), striped clothing, and sunlight reflected from snow or the sea or interrupted by trees during a ride in a car or train. Less common stimuli are rotating helicopter blades, disfunctioning fluorescent lighting, welding lights, etc. New potentially provocative devices turn up now and then unexpectedly. During the last decades especially, displays have become increasingly dominant in many of our daily-life activities. We therefore focus mainly on the characteristics of artificial light and on current and future developments in video displays and videogames. Because VG playing has been shown also to have positive effects, a rating system might be developed for provocativeness to inform consumers about the content. It is important that patients with epilepsy be informed adequately about their possible visual sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: MCA, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. dkasteleijn@planet.nl
authors.forename: Dorothée G A
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van der Beld
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heynderickx
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Groen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013690:Television; D018910:Video Games / Q000009:adverse effects