title: The SNF2 domain protein family in higher vertebrates displays dynamic expression patterns in Xenopus laevis embryos.
abstract: All eukaryotes share a common nuclear infrastructure, in which DNA is packaged into nucleosomal chromatin. Its functional states, in particular the accessibility of the chromatin fiber to trans-acting factors, are determined by two classes of evolutionarily conserved enzymes, i.e. histone modifying enzymes and ATP-driven nucleosome remodeling machines. Browsing the annotated human genome database, we establish here a family of SNF2-like nuclear ATPases, which are the core enzymatic subunits of chromatin remodeling protein complexes. Homologues of those human genes are also to a large extent found in the Xenopus laevis genome, indicating a high degree of sequence conservation of this family among vertebrates. Expression analyses of the ATPase family of proteins reveal stage- and tissue-specific domains of peak RNA expression during early frog embryogenesis. These dynamic expression profiles suggest specific functional requirements for individual members of this family throughout early stages of vertebrate development.
authors.affiliation: Adolph-Butenandt-Institut, Molekularbiologie, Schillerstrasse 44, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Ryan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cabot
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwickert
authors.forename: Ralph A W
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rupp
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004265:DNA Helicases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C499336:SMARCA1 protein, human; C084011:SMARCA2 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C084108:SMARCA4 protein, human; D004265:DNA Helicases