title: Genotoxicity of melanoidin fractions derived from a standard glucose/glycine model.
abstract: Genotoxic compounds can act at various levels in the cell (causing gene, chromosome, or genome mutations), necessitating the use of a range of genotoxicity assays designed to detect these different types of mutations. The production of melanoidins during the processing and cooking of foods is associated with changes in their nutritional character, and the discovery of mutagenic substances in pyrolyzed protein and amino acids has raised concern about the safety of these foods. The aim of this work was to test melanoidin fractions in three different in vitro assays (Ames test, Vitotox test, and micronucleus test). These melanoidin fractions were produced from the condensation of glucose with glycine and their separation was conducted by dialysis. The crude reaction mixture (before dialysis) and both the LMW and HMW fractions obtained by dialysis showed no genotoxicity in these assays, despite being tested at concentrations much higher than those naturally found in food products. The LMW fraction, however, showed toxicity at these high concentrations. The volatile fraction produced in this reaction showed genotoxicity only in the Vitotox test, at high concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek, Environmental Toxicology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Joslyn L S
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jan C R
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
authors.forename: Kourosch
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abbaspour Tehrani
authors.forename: C Arribas
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Olave
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regniers
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verschaeve
authors.forename: Annemie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Esameldin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Elgorashi
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Staden
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Kimpe
mesh_terms: D003956:Dialysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry*; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; C011908:melanoidin polymers; D005947:Glucose; D005998:Glycine