title: B-type natriuretic peptide exerts broad functional opposition to transforming growth factor-beta in primary human cardiac fibroblasts: fibrosis, myofibroblast conversion, proliferation, and inflammation.
abstract: The natriuretic peptides, including human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), have been implicated in the regulation of cardiac remodeling. Because transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is associated with profibrotic processes in heart failure, we tested whether BNP could inhibit TGF-beta-induced effects on primary human cardiac fibroblasts. BNP inhibited TGF-beta-induced cell proliferation as well as the production of collagen 1 and fibronectin proteins as measured by Western blot analysis. cDNA microarray analysis was performed on RNA from cardiac fibroblasts incubated in the presence or absence of TGF-beta and BNP for 24 and 48 hours. TGF-beta, but not BNP, treatment resulted in a significant change in the RNA profile. BNP treatment resulted in a remarkable reduction in TGF-beta effects; 88% and 85% of all TGF-beta-regulated mRNAs were affected at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. BNP opposed TGF-beta-regulated genes related to fibrosis (collagen 1, fibronectin, CTGF, PAI-1, and TIMP3), myofibroblast conversion (alpha-smooth muscle actin 2 and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), proliferation (PDGFA, IGF1, FGF18, and IGFBP10), and inflammation (COX2, IL6, TNFalpha-induced protein 6, and TNF superfamily, member 4). Lastly, BNP stimulated the extracellular signal-related kinase pathway via cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase signaling, and two mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors, U0126 and PD98059, reversed BNP inhibition of TGF-beta-induced collagen-1 expression. These findings demonstrate that BNP has a direct effect on cardiac fibroblasts to inhibit fibrotic responses via extracellular signal-related kinase signaling, suggesting that BNP functions as an antifibrotic factor in the heart to prevent cardiac remodeling in pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Scios Inc, Fremont, Calif 94555, USA.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kapoun
authors.forename: Faquan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Young
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quon
authors.forename: R Tyler
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Protter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005355:Fibrosis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005419:Flavonoids; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009570:Nitriles; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C113580:U 0126; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D006152:Cyclic GMP; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one