title: TSG-6 and calcium ions are essential for the coupling of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor to hyaluronan in human synovial fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) and metal ions in the coupling of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) to hyaluronan in human synovial fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of ITI heavy chains bound to hyaluronan was determined by a two-step electrophoretic technique. Synovial fluid, TSG-6 depleted synovial fluid and metal chelated synovial fluid were tested for their ability to support the coupling of ITI heavy chains to hyaluronan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When synovial fluid was mixed with an ITI-source (serum or purified ITI), coupling of ITI heavy chains to hyaluronan took place. TSG-6 immunodepleated synovial fluid lost the coupling activity, but addition of recombinant TSG-6 restored the activity. EDTA inhibited the coupling activity, but combinations of the metal-ion chelators Mg-EGTA and Ca-EGTA demonstrated, that Ca++ is essential for the coupling of ITI heavy chains to hyaluronan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) and calcium ions are both essential for the coupling of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor to hyaluronan in human synovial fluid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbaek, Sygehus Vestsjaelland, DK- 4300, Holaek, Denmark. chtoje@vestamt.dk
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ødum
mesh_terms: D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007122:Immunoelectrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002614:Chelating Agents; C072273:TNFAIP6 protein, human; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; C011877:inter-alpha-inhibitor; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D002118:Calcium