title: Neonatal cerebral infarction and neuromotor outcome at school age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess neuromotor function at school age in children who had cerebral infarction on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two children with evidence of cerebral infarction on neonatal brain MRI (18 with arterial infarction and 4 with border-zone lesions) were assessed at school age with a structured neurologic examination and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, a battery of tests designed to assess motor function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 22 children, 6 (30%) had hemiplegia and a further 7 (30%) showed some neuromotor abnormality such as asymmetry on the neurologic examination (n = 4) or poor scores on the neuromotor test without any sign of asymmetry (n = 3). The remaining 9 children had a normal motor outcome. Hemiplegia was found only in children who had concomitant involvement of hemisphere, internal capsule, and basal ganglia on brain MRI. Children with involvement of the internal capsule, associated either with basal ganglia or hemispheric lesions, did not show hemiplegia but still had motor difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that although hemiplegia occurs in a relatively small proportion of children with neonatal cerebral infarction, other signs of neuromotor impairment can be present, and these become more obvious at school age when a more specific assessment can be performed. These results also suggest that the involvement of the internal capsule on neonatal MRI can predict the presence of these abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom. e.mercuri@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mercuri
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guzzetta
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haataja
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubowitz
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011597:Psychomotor Performance