title: Immunity regulatory DNAs share common organizational features in Drosophila.
abstract: Infection results in the rapid activation of immunity genes in the Drosophila fat body. Two classes of transcription factors have been implicated in this process: the REL-containing proteins, Dorsal, Dif, and Relish, and the GATA factor Serpent. Here we present evidence that REL-GATA synergy plays a pervasive role in the immune response. SELEX assays identified consensus binding sites that permitted the characterization of several immunity regulatory DNAs. The distribution of REL and GATA sites within these DNAs suggests that most or all fat-specific immunity genes contain a common organization of regulatory elements: closely linked REL and GATA binding sites positioned in the same orientation and located near the transcription start site. Aspects of this "regulatory code" are essential for the immune response. These results suggest that immunity regulatory DNAs contain constrained organizational features, which may be a general property of eukaryotic enhancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics and Development, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senger
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rowell
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markstein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005216:Fat Body / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D007814:Larva; D008957:Models, Genetic; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors