title: Carpal ligament decompression under local anaesthesia: the effect of lidocaine warming and alkalinisation on infiltration pain.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of alkalinization and warming of lidocaine 1% on injection pain in patients undergoing carpal tunnel decompression. Sixty-four adult patients were randomly allocated into one of three groups: Group A (n=20) received plain lidocaine 1%, Group B (n=22) alkalinized lidocaine and Group C (n=22) warmed and alkalinized lidocaine. Pain on needle insertion and on infiltration was assessed using a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). There was no significant difference regarding pain on needle insertion whereas significant differences were noted in reference to infiltration pain. In Groups B and C (alkalinized lidocaine) the VAS scores on skin infiltration were significantly lower than in Group A, while the pain score in Group C (alkalinized and warmed lidocaine) was significantly lower than in Group B.
authors.affiliation: From the Orthopaedic Department, Veterans Army Hospital, Athens, Greece. cky@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yiannakopoulos
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D002021:Buffers; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D008012:Lidocaine