A strategy for the integration of QTL, gene expression, and sequence analyses.
Although hundreds if not thousands of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been described for a wide variety of complex traits, only a very small number of these QTLs have been reduced to quantitative trait genes (QTGs) and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs). A strategy, Multiple Cross Mapping (MCM), is described for detecting QTGs and QTNs that is based on leveraging the information contained within the haplotype structure of the mouse genome. As described in the current report, the strategy utilizes the six F(2) intercrosses that can be formed from the C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), BALB/cJ (C), and LP/J (LP) inbred mouse strains. Focusing on the phenotype of basal locomotor activity, it was found that in all three B6 intercrosses, a QTL was detected on distal Chromosome (Chr) 1; no QTL was detected in the other three intercrosses, and thus, it was assumed that at the QTL, the C, D2, and LP strains had functionally identical alleles. These intercross data were used to form a simple algorithm for interrogating microsatellite, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), brain gene expression, and sequence databases. The results obtained point to Kcnj9 (which has a markedly lower expression in the B6 strain) as being the likely QTG. Further, it is suggested that the lower expression in the B6 strain results from a polymorphism in the 5'-UTR that disrupts the binding of at least three transcription factors. Overall, the method described should be widely applicable to the analysis of QTLs.
Hitzemann
Robert
R
Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA. hitzemann@ohsu.edu
Malmanger
Barry
B
Reed
Cheryl
C
Lawler
Maureen
M
Hitzemann
Barbara
B
Coulombe
Shannon
S
Buck
Kari
K
Rademacher
Brooks
B
Walter
Nicole
N
Polyakov
Yekatrina
Y
Sikela
James
J
Gensler
Brenda
B
Burgers
Sonya
S
Williams
Robert W
RW
Manly
Ken
K
Flint
Jonathan
J
Talbot
Christopher
C
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D015870:Gene Expression; D008124:Locomotion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays