title: Antibiotic resistance genes, integrons and multiple antibiotic resistance in thirty-five serotypes of Salmonella enterica isolated from humans and animals in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine 397 strains of Salmonella enterica of human and animal origin comprising 35 serotypes for the presence of aadB, aphAI-IAB, aadA1, aadA2, bla(Carb(2)) or pse1, bla(Tem), cat1, cat2, dhfr1, floR, strA, sul1, sul2, tetA(A), tetA(B) and tetA(G) genes, the presence of class 1 integrons and the relationship of resistance genes to integrons and antibiotic resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some strains were resistant to ampicillin (91), chloramphenicol (85), gentamicin (2), kanamycin (14), spectinomycin (81), streptomycin (119), sulfadiazine (127), tetracycline (108) and trimethoprim (45); 219 strains were susceptible to all antibiotics. bla(Carb(2)), floR and tetA(G) genes were found in S. Typhimurium isolates and one strain of S. Emek only. Class 1 integrons were found in S. Emek, Haifa, Heidelberg, Mbandaka, Newport, Ohio, Stanley, Virchow and in Typhimurium, mainly phage types DT104 and U302. These strains were generally multi-resistant to up to seven antibiotics. Resistance to between three and six antibiotics was also associated with class 1 integron-negative strains of S. Binza, Dublin, Enteritidis, Hadar, Manhattan, Mbandaka, Montevideo, Newport, Typhimurium DT193 and Virchow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results illustrate specificity of some resistance genes to S. Typhimurium or non- S. Typhimurium serotypes and the involvement of both class 1 integron and non-class 1 integron associated multi-resistance in several serotypes. These data also indicate that the bla(Carb(2)), floR and tetA(G) genes reported in the SG1 region of S. Typhimurium DT104, U302 and some other serotypes are still predominantly limited to S. Typhimurium strains.
authors.affiliation: Food and Environmental Safety Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB. l.randall@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cooles
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: L J V
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Piddock
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents