Complicated acute myocardial infarction requiring mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit: prognostic factors of clinical outcome in a series of 157 patients.
OBJECTIVE
To determine prognostic factors associated with death in patients with complicated acute myocardial infarction requiring mechanical ventilation.


METHODS
Retrospective chart-based analysis.


METHODS
A 22-bed medical intensive care unit in a university hospital.


METHODS
A total of 157 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation admitted to an intensive care unit during a 6-yr period.


METHODS
Coronary reperfusion strategy within 12 hrs following symptom onset.


RESULTS
Clinical characteristics at admission of survivors (n = 77) and nonsurvivors (n = 80) were similar regarding demographics, medical history, and Glasgow Coma Scale score. Twenty-eight-day intensive care unit mortality rate was 51%. The following criteria were higher for nonsurvivors: Simplified Acute Severity Score II, 79 +/- 18 vs. 64 +/- 17 (p <.0001); Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, 33 +/- 13 vs. 25 +/- 6 (p <.0001); incidence of cardiogenic shock (p =.0085) and failing organs (p <.0001); coronary artery disease extension (p =.045); and delay between symptom onset and coronary reperfusion (p =.0348). Nonsurvivors also had higher serum urea and creatinine and lower urine output, arterial pH, and left ventricular ejection fraction (p <.05). Mortality rate was higher in patients with PaO2/FiO2 ratio <200 than in patients with PaO2/FiO2 ratio >200 at admission (log-rank, 5.016; p =.0251). By multivariate analysis, only three factors were independently associated with death: APACHE II >29 (odds ratio, 1.132; 95% confidence interval, 1.013-1.265, p =.0287), serum creatinine >180 micromol/L (odds ratio, 6.151; 95% confidence interval, 1.446-26.166, p =.0139), and initial left ventricular ejection fraction <0.4 (odds ratio, 1.121; 95% confidence interval, 1.049-1.347, p =.0316). Overall, good discrimination was achieved for the risk score model (c-index, 0.852).


CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed the high mortality rate of patients admitted to an intensive care unit with acute myocardial infarction requiring mechanical ventilation. In these patients, the main risk factors for death found, namely high APACHE II, early development of acute renal failure, and low resting left ventricular function, reflected the severity of the myocardial infarction.
Lesage
Anne
A
Department of Medical Intensive Care, Caen University Hospital, France.
Ramakers
Michel
M
Daubin
Cédric
C
Verrier
Virginie
V
Beynier
Dominique
D
Charbonneau
Pierre
P
du Cheyron
Damien
D
D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002423:Cause of Death; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome