title: Ocular rosacea in childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical characteristics and treatment response of ocular rosacea in the pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinic charts of consecutive pediatric cases of ocular rosacea were evaluated over a 34-month period. Minimal diagnostic inclusion criteria were the presence of posterior eyelid inflammation including meibomian gland inspissation and lid margin telangiectasis, in conjunction with conjunctival injection or episcleritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients ranged from 3 to 12 years of age at presentation. All shared a long history of ocular irritation and photophobia. Five patients (83%) were female and had bilateral involvement. Eyelid telangiectases and meibomian gland disease were present in all cases. Three patients (50%) had sterile corneal ulcers. Only two patients (33%) had cutaneous involvement at the time of diagnosis. All patients experienced significant improvement with a combination of oral antibiotics (doxycycline or erythromycin), with or without topical antibiotics (erythromycin or bacitracin) or topical steroids (fluorometholone).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular rosacea in children may be misdiagnosed as viral or bacterial infections. Unlike in adults, associated cutaneous changes are uncommon. Most disease is bilateral, although involvement may be asymmetric. Response to conventional treatment is excellent, although long-term treatment may be necessary to prevent relapses.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
authors.forename: Sayeda Asad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: R Michael
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Siatkowski
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chodosh
authors.forename: Rhea L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Siatkowski
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005469:Fluorometholone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012393:Rosacea / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D005469:Fluorometholone