title: Prevalence of and factors affecting postpreparation pain in patients undergoing two-visit root canal treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This longitudinal, prospective study (i) investigated the prevalence of postpreparation pain during root canal treatment and (ii) evaluated the influence of factors affecting the pain experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty practitioners, comprising general dental practitioners, MSc graduates and endodontists, participated in this study. The patient sample (n=272) was derived from consecutive patients attending the practitioners' surgeries for a two-visit root canal treatment on a single tooth. Demographic, medical history, preoperative and intraoperative data as well as pain experience on days 1 and 2 after root canal preparation were recorded. Intensity of pain experienced was recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0-5. The data were analysed using logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of postpreparation pain within 48 h after treatment was 64.7% (n=176), but less than 10% of patients experienced severe pain (VAS 4 or 5) on either day 1 or day 2. The presence of preoperative pain (OR=2.841, P<0.001), tooth type (OR=2.008, P=0.009), systemic steroid therapy for other medical reasons (OR=0.181, P=0.023) and preoperative swelling (OR=2.433, P=0.040) were the only factors to significantly influence postpreparation pain experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of postpreparation pain was high, and the important prognostic determinants were presence of preoperative pain, tooth type, systemic steroid therapy and preoperative swelling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Glennon
authors.forename: Y-L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Setchell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gulabivala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004487:Edema / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014070:Tooth / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D013256:Steroids