title: Management of neck metastasis with carotid artery involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate aggressive management of neck metastasis adherent to the internal or common carotid artery using sound oncologic principles while minimizing the significant risk of complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our 13 year experience of treating patients with recurrent or residual neck metastasis adherent to the internal or common carotid artery was retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiography was used in patients who demonstrated fixation of the carotid artery on examination or imaging, followed by balloon test occlusion and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) scanning. The majority of carotid resections were reconstructed with a vein graft, especially if there was insufficient collateral cerebral circulation. Radical resection of the soft tissue including the carotid artery was performed followed by 15 to 20 Gray of electron beam delivered directly to the deep tissue. More recently, the carotid has been permanently occluded preoperatively, if possible. The assessment of the cerebral circulation and management of the carotid artery were analyzed as was survival, site of recurrence, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight charts were reviewed. The majority of patients (41) had their carotid artery reconstructed at time of resection, and the remaining had either the artery ligated or permanently occluded preoperatively. Strokes occurred in 11 patients. The median disease-specific survival was 12 months, with 24% of patients dying from distant metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high risk of complications, loss of life's quality, and mortality must be balanced against the natural history of the disease if left untreated. The decision is a heavy burden for the patient, family, and head and neck surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Methodist Hospital, Clarian Health Partners, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. docsbf@pol.net
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hamaker
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Borrowdale
authors.forename: Tod C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Huntley
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000601:surgery; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies