title: Identification of a gene expression signature associated with recurrent disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: Molecular studies of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) have demonstrated multiple genetic abnormalities such as activation of various oncogenes (Ras, Myc, epidermal growth factor receptor, and cyclin D1), tumor suppressor gene inactivation (TP53 and p16), and loss of heterozygosity at numerous chromosomal locations. Despite these observations, accurate and reliable biomarkers that predict patients at highest risk for local recurrence have yet to be defined. In an effort to identify gene expression signatures that may serve as biomarkers, we studied 41 squamous cell carcinoma tumors (25 primary and 16 locally recurrent) from various anatomical sites and 13 normal oral mucosal biopsy samples from healthy volunteers with microarray analysis using Affymetrix U133A GeneChip arrays. Differentially expressed genes were identified by calculating generalized t tests (P < 0.001) and applying a series of filtering criteria to yield a highly discriminant list of 2890 genes. Hierarchical clustering and image generation using standard software were used to visualize gene expression signatures. Several gene expression signatures were readily identifiable in the HNSCC tumors, including signatures associated with proliferation, extracellular matrix production, cytokine/chemokine expression, and immune response. Of particular interest was the association of a gene expression signature enriched for genes involved in tumor invasion and metastasis with patients experiencing locally recurrent disease. Notably, these tumors also demonstrated a marked absence of an immune response signature suggesting that modulation of tumor-specific immune responses may play a role in local treatment failure. These data provide evidence for a new gene expression-based biomarker of local treatment failure in HNSCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ginos
authors.forename: Grier P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Bryan S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Michalowicz
authors.forename: Ketan J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Sonja E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Volker
authors.forename: Stefan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pambuccian
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Ondrey
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gaffney
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D016259:Genes, myc; D011905:Genes, ras; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012008:Recurrence; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D012313:RNA