title: [Modified radical operation for early breast cancer for preserving nipple-areolar complex and breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) operation has become an important surgical therapy for early stage breast cancer, but how to reconstruct breast and preserve nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is controversial. In this study, we applied a modified radical mastectomy for early stage breast cancer for preserving NAC and breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  During operation we performed the subcutaneous glandular excision and axillary dissection, and reconstructed the breast using TRAM flap in 10 patients with early stage breast cancer; meanwhile, maximam extent of breast skin and NAC were preserved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appearance of the reconstructed breast was better preserved after operation. No local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred in the patients during the follow up time (range 24-48 months). No skin flap necrosis, atrophy, and scleroses surround the NAC were observed; and no abdominal wall hernia occurred at the donor site. The nipple sensation was recovered half a year after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified radical operation for preserving NAC and breast reconstruction using TRAM flap may be a better way for breast cancer patients in early stage who request well preserving of breast. More samples are needed for proving the effects of this operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Anhui Province, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, P.R.China. lili2097@sina.com
authors.forename: Sheng-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xin-De
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Rong-Xin
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zong-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huai-Gao
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Fu-Sheng
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical / Q000379:methods*; D009558:Nipples; D013524:Surgical Flaps