title: Effects of coping instruction in reducing young adolescents' pain after major spinal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enduring pain following major orthopaedic surgery is a major challenge for adolescents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of coping instruction and concrete-objective information on adolescents' postoperative pain and focus on potential applications of these interventions for orthopaedic nursing practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial of 66 young adolescents (age 11-14) undergoing major spinal surgery for idiopathic scoliosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention that focused only on coping instruction was the most effective intervention on postoperative Day 2. On postoperative Day 4, adolescents receiving coping instruction (coping alone or coping plus information) reported less pain than those not receiving coping instruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions that direct adolescent patients' attention to learning coping strategies they can use during recovery to lessen pain may be more efficacious than others following major spinal surgery.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: LaMontagne
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hepworth
authors.forename: Michele H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Salisbury
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000298:Adolescent, Hospitalized / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome