title: Bacteriophage-mediated nucleic acid immunisation.
abstract: Whole bacteriophage lambda particles, containing reporter genes under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter (P(CMV)), have been used as delivery vehicles for nucleic acid immunisation. Following intramuscular injection of mice with lambda-gt11 containing the gene for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBsAg responses in excess of 150 mIU ml(-1) were detected. When isolated peritoneal macrophages were incubated with whole lambda particles containing the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of P(CMV), GFP antigen was detected on the macrophage surface 8 h later. Results suggested that direct targeting of antigen-presenting cells by bacteriophage 'vaccines' may occur, leading to enhanced immune responses compared to naked DNA delivery. Bacteriophage DNA vaccines offer several advantages: they do not contain antibiotic resistance genes, they offer a large cloning capacity (approximately 15 kb), the DNA is protected from environmental degradation, they offer the potential for oral delivery, and large-scale production is cheap, easy and extremely rapid.
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: March
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins