title: Alone no more: pain in premature children.
abstract: It is only recently that newborns have been recognised to feel pain. To avoid the drawbacks of common analgesics, alternative analgesic methods (e.g. sucking and/or oral sugar) have been proposed. We showed that these methods are of little effect without the relaxing, distracting, comforting presence of a person at the cribside who talks to and massages the baby. This is a further demonstration that newborns, including premature babies, look for a reassuring presence when experiencing pain. This is surprising as premature babies are relatively unreactive, often completely isolated in an incubator and considered incapable of social behavior. To the attentive observer, however, they reveal an unsuspected emotional world. Not only do they feel pain, but they are also capable of suffering, distress, anxiety and fear. This needs to be considered in neonatal analgesic treatment, even for extremely premature children. It is mandatory for caregivers to be a reassuring presence during painful procedures: premature babies are exacting patients. They not only feel pain, they even suffer; they request not only drugs, but a human presence nearby.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproduction Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Bellieni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagnoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buonocore
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014110:Touch; D014831:Voice