title: A novel murine model of cyclical cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence points to a principal role of ischemia-reperfusion in the pathogenesis of chronic skin ulceration, including pressure sores, diabetic ulcers, and venous ulcers. An incomplete understanding of this process and the limitations of current animal models of chronic wounds mandate a reproducible model in mice, in which transgenic and knockout technology are continually evolving.
  
  
  METHODS
  A murine model of chronic skin ulceration based on cyclical magnetic compression is presented. Forty-three C57BL/6J mice underwent varying degrees of cyclical compression with defined periods of reperfusion. Injury was measured grossly as regional necrosis, and tissue was harvested for histology, DNA electrophoresis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin necrosis became apparent only 12 h post cycling, and was cycle-responsive and quantitative in cycled subjects. Histopathologic analysis revealed a statistically significant doubling of the leukocyte count in sections from compressed skin versus sham controls. Moreover, apoptotic DNA laddering was evident in post ischemic skin and absent in controls. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a 300-fold higher expression in iNOS mRNA from cyclically compressed skin compared with normal skin: such expression was temporal in nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A murine model of pressure necrosis, which bears all of the gross, histological, and molecular features of ischemia-reperfusion injury, has been established. Application of this model to the vast number of transgenic mice available will further our understanding of the mechanism of pressure sore development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sull
authors.forename: Jon E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mogford
authors.forename: Nakshatra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mustoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D003199:Computer Systems; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010507:Periodicity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse