title: [Combined analysis of urinary stones by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To seek the methods in the prevention and cure of urinary stones in the Zhujiang valley in Guangdong province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty random urinary stones were quantitatively and morphologically analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcium oxalate (about 70%) was the main composition of urinary stones in the Zhujiang valley in Guangdong province; while 30% of which was uric acid stones. Most calcium oxalate stones contain phosphate; however, its content usually was less than 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium oxalate, uric acid and phosphate are the main compositions of urinary stones in the Zhujiang valley in Guangdong province. The compositions and phases of urinary stones can be obtained accurately by the combination of XPS and XRD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. toyjm@jnu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Jian-ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Xiang-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid