title: Drug-drug interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs in chick embryos.
abstract: The drug-drug interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs were studied in chick embryos. Fertilized eggs of White Leghorns were incubated and investigated. Procainamide or flecainide with and without propranolol was injected into the air sac of a fertilized egg. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded 0 to 60 min after the injection. After each drug injection alone, the heart rate was not different compared with the control. However, the heart rate was significantly decreased by combinations of procainamide and propranolol or flecainide and propranolol. In addition, arrhythmia was produced in combination with propranolol. These findings indicate that the drug-drug interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs have a marked influence on the heart rate in chick embryos.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan. yoshiyama-yj@kyoritsu-ph.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanke
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005424:Flecainide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D011342:Procainamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D011433:Propranolol; D005424:Flecainide; D011342:Procainamide