title: Cerebral metabolic correlates as potential predictors of response to anterior cingulotomy for treatment of major depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurosurgical procedures are a viable intervention for severe, treatment-refractory major depression, although they have been associated with only modest rates of efficacy. The purpose of this study was to identify possible neuroimaging predictors of treatment response to anterior cingulotomy in patients with major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients underwent stereotactic anterior cingulotomy for treatment-refractory major depression. Symptom severity was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) both before and approximately 12 months after surgery. The authors performed [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) studies in all patients preoperatively. Statistical parametric mapping methods were used to test for loci of significant correlation between preoperative regional cerebral metabolism and postoperative reduction in BDI scores. The mean (+/- standard deviation) change in the BDI score from the preoperative period (43.7 +/- 7.8) to the postoperative period (30.5 +/- 21.3) was 33.1 +/- 45.4%. Two loci--the left subgenual prefrontal cortex and left thalamus--were identified as sites at which preoperative metabolism was significantly correlated with subsequent improvement in depressive symptom severity following cingulotomy. Specifically, higher preoperative rates of metabolism at these loci were associated with better postoperative results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Possible PET scanning predictors of treatment response were identified in patients with major depression who had undergone anterior cingulotomy. Further research will be necessary to determine the reproducibility of this finding. If confirmed, the availability of an index for noninvasively predicting a patient's response to cingulotomy for the treatment of major depression would be of great clinical value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Neurosurgery, and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Darin D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: G Rees
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: Nathaniel M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Alpert
authors.forename: Edwin H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Cassem
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nierenberg
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Helen S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mayberg
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fischman
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rauch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome