title: Asthma is associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADAM33.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ADAM33 gene has recently been associated with asthma and bronchial hyper-reactivity. It codes for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase that triggers intra- and extracellular signalling by protein shedding.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether polymorphisms in ADAM33 are associated with asthma and related traits in two German populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 15 intragenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of allele-specific primer extension products. The transmission disequilibrium test was used for association analysis in the German asthma family study. Additionally, we tested for association of these SNPs in a case-control sample from the European Community Respiratory Health Study using Armitage's trend test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both studies, we found SNPs that were significantly associated with asthma and related traits. In the family study, significant associations were observed for the SNPs F+1, ST+4 and ST+5 (with the lowest P-value for F+1, P=0.005). Remarkably, this association is seen even in the absence of linkage with two microsatellite markers from a previous genome scan either 3.1 million bases (Mb) up- or 5.6 Mb downstream. In the case-control study, SNP ST+7 (P=0.008) was significantly associated with asthma. Some of these SNPs overlapped with those found to be associated with elevated total IgE levels and bronchial hyper-responsiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study replicates the recently published association between asthma and ADAM33 gene variants. However, most of the associated SNPs were at non-identical positions in the German, UK and US samples. As linkage disequilibrium is high among the tested SNPs, and there is no known functional polymorphism, either not-tested variants in ADAM33, unknown regulatory elements or a gene in close proximity is responsible for this association.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany. m@wjst.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herbon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gohlke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altmüller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wjst
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D051722:ADAM Proteins; C450441:ADAM33 protein, human; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases