title: Inpatient costs of major cardiovascular events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many trials of new therapies for cardiovascular disease include economic measures to assess the impact of treatment on healthcare costs, however, it is difficult to compare results between trials due to variation in methods for assigning costs. Therefore we developed a standard library of inpatient hospital costs for major cardiovascular events commonly reported in trials for new cardiovascular therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean and median hospital charges for each event were calculated from Medicare admissions selected by ICD-9-CM codes from the most recent Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database available. Charges were converted to costs using the cost-to-charge ratio from the most recent Medicare cost report data and updated to 1999 using a model derived from the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) forecast to recommend annual updates to Medicare.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total hospital costs for medical events ranged from $US3654 (1999 values) to $US7833; total hospital costs for surgery and procedures ranged from $US7054 to $US46 317. The distribution of hospital costs is skewed with median costs and lengths of stay lower than mean values. Costs for patients who died in the hospital were generally higher than costs for patients who were discharged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The library of costs was calculated using a uniform method based on publicly available and easily accessible data and may be updated from year to year. This method provides standardised estimates of hospital costs that can be used in economic analyses of cardiovascular clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Health Law Department, McDermott, Will & Emery, Miami, Florida, USA. pradensky@mwe.com
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Radensky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berliner
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dournaux
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007902:Length of Stay; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000191:economics