title: [Ablation of postoperative "incisional" reentrant atrial tachycardia and flutter in children using the CARTO system].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In children with congenital heart diseases who have undergone surgical interventions, postoperative arrhythmias frequently complicate the clinical course. "Incisional" atrial tachycardia or flutter is one of the most common forms of postoperative arrhythmias in these patients and can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate how to use antiarrhythmic drugs and the CARTO system to treat these cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 12 patients with "incisional" atrial tachycardia or flutter complicating surgery for congenital heart diseases in this study (3 patients with correction of tetrology of Fallot, 3 with atrial septal defect repair, 2 with ventricular septal defect repair, 1 with switch, 1 with repair of Ebstein's anomaly, 1 with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, and 1 with atrial septal closure with the Amplatzer septal occlusion). Patients whose body weight was less than 10 kg or those who did not wish to accept ablation were treated with antiarrhythmic drugs, including digitoxin, propranolol, metoprolol and cordarone. CARTO system was used to map 6 patients whose body weight was more than 10 kg and who agreed with accepting ablation for atrial tachycardia and flutter. Radio-frequency ablation was performed in these 6 cases including two cases of "incisional" atrial tachycardia and 4 of atrial flutter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The antiarrhythmic drug was successful in 6 patients with "incisional" atrial tachycardia. (2) Six patients including 2 children with "incisional" atrial tachycardia and 4 children with atrial flutter were successfully ablated. But one case of "incisional" atrial tachycardia relapsed after 3 months of ablation. This case, however, was successfully ablated again later. No further relapse was observed during the 2 - 24 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ablation of "incisional" atrial tachycardia and flutter is the first choice to treat the patients whose body weight is more than 10 kg and those who agree with accepting ablation by CARTO system. Drug therapy of "incisional" atrial tachycardia and flutter is palliative and it is the only selection to treat the patients whose body weight is less than 10 kg or those who do not wish to accept ablation procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Guangzhou 510100, China.
authors.forename: Shao-ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ping-zhen
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ji-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Hui-shen
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011182:Postoperative Care; D013612:Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents