title: Correlation of metastasis related gene expression and relapse-free survival in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer treated with cystectomy and chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with locally advanced (ie clinically extravesical) transitional cell carcinoma are at high risk for recurrence after cystectomy. Although randomized trials have established an incremental benefit from the addition of chemotherapy in this setting, many patients still have disease relapse, and therefore it is necessary to determine patient and tumor characteristics that correlate with outcome in this setting. We investigated the tumor expression of several metastasis related genes and the association of gene expression with disease specific survival of patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma treated randomized to either neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archival paraffin embedded specimens were available for 64 patients enrolled in a clinical trial of the methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin regimen and cystectomy. Only samples obtained before exposure to chemotherapy were studied. The expression of several metastasis related genes, including basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and E-cadherin were assayed on paraffin sections using a colorimetric in situ hybridization assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-8 and MMP-9 did not correlate with outcome. Expression of VEGF and E-cadherin were strongly related to disease specific survival. In addition, the ratio of MMP-9-to-E-cadherin was strongly prognostic for disease specific survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data advance the hypotheses that VEGF expression and an "invasive phenotype" characterized by the ratio of MMP-9-to-E-cadherin expression are mechanistically relevant to clinically aggressive locally advanced bladder cancers that are not cured by currently available combined modality treatment. Thus, in our view there is a compelling rationale to target these aspects of the malignant phenotype in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030USA.
authors.forename: Joel W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Slaton
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Millikan
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karashima
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czerniak
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.forename: Colin P N
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dinney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery*