title: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: diagnosis and management.
abstract: Currently, no precise morphologic or biologic prognostic factors reliably identify patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who are at high risk of disease progression. DCIS is a disease with an extremely favorable prognosis and a small likelihood of dying from breast cancer, regardless of what type of treatment is received. No retrospective or prospective study to date has demonstrated a significant difference in breast cancer specific mortality regardless of treatment. The similarities between DCIS and invasive cancer suggest that an important area for future research should be elucidating the processes that can either unleash or contain the invasive potential of DCIS cells. Thus, an understanding of the biology of DCIS can assist in the prevention, the assessment, and the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany. friedrichmichael@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felberbaum
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Axt-Fliedner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate