title: Patients with aortic coarctation operated during the first year of life, different surgical techniques and prognostic factors--21 years of experience.
abstract: The authors reviewed the clinical files of all patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoAo) operated during the first year of life, in a tertiary center, in order to assess the outcome of different surgical techniques and prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included all patients operated from 1 June 1980 to 1 June 2001. They were divided into three groups according to diagnosis: Group I--isolated CoAo (with or without persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), group II--CoAo plus ventricular septal defect (VSD), and group III--CoAo associated with complex heart defects. The surgical techniques were divided into four groups: Group A--resection of the CoAo with end-to-end anastomosis, group B--Waldhausen technique (subclavian flap), group C--enlargement of the aorta with a patch, and group D--Waldhausen technique plus resection of the CoAo with end-to-end anastomosis. Several parameters were analyzed: sex, age at surgery, other surgical procedures during surgery, reoperation, mortality and outcome (good result, recoarctation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  156 patients were operated during the study period (84.5% of them since 1989). 61.5% were male. Surgery was performed between 3 and 336 days of life. 60.9% patients were included in group I, 32.7% in group II and 6.4% in group III. 25.0% of the patients had group A surgery, 60.2% group B surgery, 7.0% group C surgery and 7.7% group D surgery. The PDA was sectioned in 48.0% of the patients. It was necessary to perform banding of the pulmonary artery, during the first surgery, in 19.9% of cases. 18.6% needed a second operation to close the VSD and for debanding or repair of associated defects. Total mortality was 19.2%. Mortality rate per groups was: Group I--15.8%, group II--21.5%, group III--30.0%, group A--18.0%, group B--19.1%, group C--27.2% and group D--16.7%. In 7.6% of the patients recoarctation was found during follow-up. 40% of the patients are doing well with no medication and minor or no residual defects. 29.4% were lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total mortality has decreased over the years with the highest mortality found in Group C and Group III. The best results were achieved in patients with isolated CoAo. Long-term results were generally good with few recoarctations and a good quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia Pediátrica, Serviço de Cirurgia Cardio-Torácica, Hospital de São João, Porto.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carriço
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monterroso
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: Rodrigues
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Areias
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors