title: The calcineurin signal transduction pathway is essential for successful muscle regeneration in mdx dystrophic mice.
abstract: Although mdx mice share the same genetic defect and lack dystrophin expression as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), their limb muscles have a high regenerative capacity that ensures a more benign phenotype and essentially normal function. The cellular pathways responsible for this enhanced regenerative capacity are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the calcineurin signal transduction pathway is essential for the successful regeneration following severe degeneration observed in the limb muscles of young mdx mice (2-4 weeks old) and that inhibition of this pathway using cyclosporine A (CsA) would exacerbate the dystrophic pathology. Eighteen-day-old mdx and C57BL/10 mice were treated with CsA for 16 days. CsA administration severely disrupted muscle regeneration in mdx mice, but had minimal effect in C57BL/10 mice. Muscles from CsA-treated mdx mice had fewer centrally nucleated fibers and extensive collagen, connective tissue, and mononuclear cell infiltration than muscles from vehicle-treated littermates. The deleterious effects of CsA on muscle morphology were accompanied by a 30-35% decrease in maximal force producing capacity. Taken together, these observations indicate that the calcineurin signal transduction pathway is a significant determinant of successful skeletal muscle regeneration in young mdx mice. Up-regulating this pathway may have clinical significance for DMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stupka
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gregorevic
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: Gordon S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019703:Calcineurin