Revisiting the structure of the anti-neoplastic glucans of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin. Structural analysis of the extracellular and boiling water extract-derived glucans of the vaccine substrains.
The attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), used worldwide to prevent tuberculosis and leprosy, is also clinically used as an immunotherapeutic agent against superficial bladder cancer. An anti-tumor polysaccharide has been isolated from the boiling water extract of the Tice substrain of BCG and tentatively characterized as consisting primarily of repeating units of 6-linked-glucosyl residues. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species produce a glycogen-like alpha-glucan composed of repeating units of 4-linked glucosyl residues substituted at some 6 positions by short oligoglucosyl units that also exhibits an anti-tumor activity. Therefore, the impression prevails that mycobacteria synthesize different types of anti-neoplastic glucans or, alternatively, the BCG substrains are singular in producing a unique type of glucan that may confer to them their immunotherapeutic property. The present study addresses this question through the comparative analysis of alpha-glucans purified from the extracellular materials and boiling water extracts of three vaccine substrains. The polysaccharides were purified, and their structural features were established by mono- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the enzymatic and chemical degradation products of the purified compounds. The glucans isolated by the two methods from the three substrains of BCG were shown to exhibit identical structural features shared with the glycogen-like alpha-glucan of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. Incidentally, we observed an occasional release of dextrans from Sephadex columns that may explain the reported occurrence of 6-substituted alpha-glucans in mycobacteria.
Dinadayala
Premkumar
P
Département Mécanismes Moléculaires des Infections Mycobactériennes, Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, UMR 5089 du CNRS et de l'Université Paul Sabatier, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France.
Lemassu
Anne
A
Granovski
Pierre
P
Cérantola
Stéphane
S
Winter
Nathalie
N
Daffé
Mamadou
M
D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002244:Carbon; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005936:Glucans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011522:Protons; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D017931:DNA Primers; D003911:Dextrans; D005936:Glucans; D008055:Lipids; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011522:Protons; D011721:Pyrenes; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; C025614:sephadex; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C100181:pullulanase