title: Amplification and overexpression of E2F3 in human bladder cancer.
abstract: We demonstrate that, in human bladder cancer, amplification of the E2F3 gene, located at 6p22, is associated with overexpression of its encoded mRNA transcripts and high levels of expression of E2F3 protein. Immunohistochemical analyses of E2F3 protein levels have established that around one-third (33/101) of primary transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder overexpress nuclear E2F3 protein, with the proportion of tumours containing overexpressed nuclear E2F3 increasing with tumour stage and grade. When considered together with the established role of E2F3 in cell cycle progression, these results suggest that the E2F3 gene represents a candidate bladder cancer oncogene that is activated by DNA amplification and overexpression.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Male Urological Cancer Research, Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feber
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dodson
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flohr
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falconer
authors.forename: Toby
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Nening
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wooster
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huddart
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Colin S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D050699:E2F3 Transcription Factor; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D050699:E2F3 Transcription Factor; C098319:E2F3 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors