title: Ischemic preconditioning attenuates capillary no-reflow and leukocyte adherence in postischemic pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to protect several organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Postischemic microvascular dysfunction is considered to be the key mechanism of early graft pancreatitis after transplantation. The aim of the study was to determine whether brief ischemia and reperfusion before prolonged ischemia followed by reperfusion is protective in respect to microcirculatory derangement in postischemic pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an in-situ model of ischemia-reperfusion was induced in the isolated pancreatic tail segment. Wistar rats were randomized to one group ( n=7/group) with 2-h ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and another group with 10-min ischemia and 10-min reperfusion (IPC) before the prolonged ischemia time. Microcirculation was observed for 2 h by intravital-fluorescence microscopy that analyzed functional capillary density and leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules. Histological damage was quantified by a semiquantitative score (edema, vacuolization, PMN infiltration, necrosis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IPC resulted in a significant improvement of functional capillary density (248+/-20 vs 372+/-8 cm(-1), P<0.001), a significant reduction in leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules (476+/-79 vs 179+/-15 cells/mm(2), P<0.001) and in significantly lower histological damage (score 9+/-0.8 vs 5+/-1.4, P<0.001), when compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPC reduces pancreatic inflammatory reaction by preservation of postischemic microcirculation. Therefore, it might become a useful procedure before organ procurement in pancreas transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. robert.obermaier@web.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obermaier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Dobschuetz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Drognitz
authors.forename: U T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Hopt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries / Q000503:physiopathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar