title: Genomic cloning of ribonucleases in Nicotiana glutinosa leaves, as induced in response to wounding or to TMV-infection, and characterization of their promoters.
abstract: We previously cloned two distinct cDNA clones, NGR1 and NGR3, encoding S-like ribonucleases (RNases) induced by wounding and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection, respectively, in Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanism of the RNase genes, we analyzed nucleotide sequences of the genes ngr1 (4.1 kbp) and ngr3 (5.3 kbp), containing their structural genes as well as 5'-flanking regions. The ngr1 gene is organized in three exons with two intervening introns, and ngr3 has four exons interrupted by three introns. Primer extension analyses localized single transcription initiation sites at -32 and -99 upstream of the translation initiation codons ATG in the genes ngr1 and ngr3, respectively. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene analysis with serial 5'-deletion mutants as well as a gel shift assay defined the wound-responsive region at residues -509 to -288 in gene ngr1 and a TMV-responsive region at the residues -401 to -174 in ngr3, respectively. Sequence search using PLACE and PlantCARE data bases showed that a wound-responsive element: the WUN-motif, occurs within the wound-responsive region in ngr1, while ngr3 contains several potential cis-regulating elements, such as the elicitor responsiveness element: the W-box, a TMV responsive element: GT1, and the WUN-motif at positions between -401 and -174. These findings suggested that some of these cis-elements may be involved in inducible expressions of ngr1 and ngr3. Furthermore, the gel shift assay suggested that the dissociation of protein factor(s) upon TMV-infection from the regulatory region may cause an inducible expression of ngr3.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. takeshih@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kariu
authors.forename: Maino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hada
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kouzuma
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000378:metabolism; D014947:Wounds and Injuries
chemical_list: D012260:Ribonucleases