New anticoagulants for venous thromboembolic disease.
Venous thromboembolic disease, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a cause of significant mortality and morbidity. In the US, approximately 260000 cases are diagnosed annually. Current drugs for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) include heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins and warfarin. Since they possess several disadvantages, researchers are investigating improved anticoagulants. To understand how any promising anticoagulant would work, a review of the pathophysiology and regulation of the coagulation cascade is provided. The more prominent drugs reviewed include tissue factor pathway inhibitor protein, nematode anticoagulant protein, Factor IX inhibitors, anti-Factor Xa inhibitors (DX-9065a (Daiichi Seiyaku Co Ltd), YM-60828 (Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd), fondaparinux, idraparinux (Sanofi-Synthelabo/NV Organon)), selective thrombin inhibitors (oral heparin, ximelagatran (AstraZeneca plc)) and enhancers of natural anticoagulants (activated protein C, ART-123 (Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp)).
Chang
Patrick
P
Jefferson Medical College, Internal Medicine Department, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 701, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. patrick.chang@mail.jefferson.edu
D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015949:Factor IXa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015942:Factor VIIa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
D000925:Anticoagulants; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D015942:Factor VIIa; D015949:Factor IXa; D013917:Thrombin