title: Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nonoperative technique for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) described by Ponseti is a popular method, but it requires two to four years of orthotic management. The purpose of this study was to examine the patient characteristics and demographic factors related to the family that are predictive of recurrent foot deformities in patients treated with this method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases of fifty-one consecutive infants with eighty-six idiopathic clubfeet treated with use of the Ponseti method were examined retrospectively. The patient characteristics at the time of presentation, such as the severity of the initial clubfoot deformity, previous treatment, and the age at the initiation of treatment, were examined with use of univariate logistic regression analysis modeling recurrence. Demographic data on the family, including annual income, highest level of education attained by the parents, and marital status, as well as parental reports of compliance with the use of the prescribed orthosis, were studied in relation to the risk of recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The parents of twenty-one patients did not comply with the use of orthotics. Noncompliance was the factor most related to the risk of recurrence, with an odds ratio of 183 (p < 0.00001). Parental educational level (high-school education or less) also was a significant risk factor for recurrence (odds ratio = 10.7, p < 0.03). With the numbers available, no significant relationship was found between gender, race, parental marital status, source of medical insurance, or parental income and the risk of recurrence of the clubfoot deformity. In addition, the severity of the deformity, the age of the patient at the initiation of treatment, and previous treatment were not found to have a significant effect on the risk of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noncompliance and the educational level of the parents (high-school education or less) are significant risk factors for the recurrence of clubfoot deformity after correction with the Ponseti method. The identification of patients who are at risk for recurrence may allow intervention to improve the compliance of the parents with regard to the use of orthotics, and, as a result, improve outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. mattdobbs@earthlink.net.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dobbs
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rudzki
authors.forename: Derek B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Kristina R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gurnett
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000601:surgery; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors