title: The transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and Ets-1 colocalize in the hypoxic synovium of inflamed joints in adjuvant-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between hypoxia and the expression of Ets-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in both normal and inflamed joints. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was used as the model system, since it mirrors many aspects of the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjuvant arthritis was induced in a group of 10 female Lewis rats. A second group of 10 uninjected female Lewis rats served as naive controls. When a maximum clinical joint score was achieved in the AIA group, all 20 rats were injected with the specific hypoxic cell marker Hypoxyprobe-1 and subsequently killed. Hypoxyprobe-1 adducts, Ets-1, and HIF-1alpha were localized in the joints of the hind feet from these groups using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the joints from control rats, inflamed joints contained markedly more cells with Hypoxyprobe-1 adduct immunoreactivity, Ets-1-immunoreactive nuclei, and nuclear immunoreactivity for both Ets-1 and HIF-1alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate the presence of hypoxia in inflamed joints in this experimental model of arthritis. The colocalization of Ets-1 and HIF-1alpha in these hypoxic areas suggests that hypoxia may induce Ets-1 and HIF-1alpha expression during joint inflammation.
authors.affiliation: University of Bath, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Mapp
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Winrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013585:Synovitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C494043:Ets1 protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D014157:Transcription Factors