title: In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of 0.2%, 1%, and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX gel and CHX liquid), against endodontic pathogens and compare the results with the ones achieved by 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 4%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A broth dilution test was performed, and the timing for irrigants to kill microbial cells was recorded and statistically analyzed. Both 2.0% gel and liquid formulations eliminated Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in 15 seconds, whereas the gel formulation killed Enterococcus faecalis in 1 minute. All tested irrigants eliminated Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia in 15 seconds. The timing required for 1.0% and 2.0% CHX liquid to eliminate all microorganisms was the same required for 5.25% NaOCl. The antimicrobial action is related to type, concentration, and presentation form of the irrigants as well as the microbial susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Morgana Eli
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Brenda P F A
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Vanessa Bellocchio
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.forename: Alexandre Augusto
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaia
authors.forename: Caio Cezar Randi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Souza-Filho
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D045202:Porphyromonas endodontalis / Q000187:drug effects; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012996:Solutions; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004202:Disinfectants; D005782:Gels; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012996:Solutions; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine