title: Left ventricular pressure and volume unloading during pulsatile versus nonpulsatile left ventricular assist device support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonpulsatile axial or centrifugal pumps are the latest generation of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Whether left ventricular (LV) unloading and outcome in these devices is similar to pulsatile LVADs during long-term support has not been investigated. We compared LV unloading and mortality between different types of LVAD support (pulsatile versus nonpulsatile).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 31 patients undergoing long-term LVAD implantation (nonpulsatile = 10, pulsatile = 21) preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessment with right heart catheterization had been obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had similar echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and clinical heart failure characteristics at baseline. The degree of LV pressure unloading was the same in both device types, caused by similar reduction of mean pulmonary pressure (18.6 +/- 5.1 versus 18.3 +/- 7.5 mm Hg) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (8.9 +/- 4.4 versus 8.0 +/- 7.0 mm Hg). Left ventricular volume unloading was pronounced with a pulsatile device owing to a statistically significant higher pump output (5.1 +/- 1.0 L/min) in comparison with nonpulsatile LVADs (3.6 +/- 0.9 L/min, p < 0.001). Echocardiographic-determined end-systolic indicators confirm this augmentation in pulsatile LVADs. Etiology or the time interval of hemodynamic reassessment had no impact in left ventricular pressure unloading, but LV volume unloading decreased between day 60 and 120 in patients with nonpulsatile LVADs. The preoperative and postoperative transplant mortality was comparable in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular pressure unloading is similar in patients with nonpulsatile as compared with pulsatile implantable long-term assist devices. Left ventricular volume unloading is pronounced in pulsatile LVADs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Muenster, Germany. stefan.klotz@thmgs.uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: Mario C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stypmann
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roetker
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D017725:Ventricular Pressure