title: The membrane-cytoskeleton linker ezrin is necessary for osteosarcoma metastasis.
abstract: Metastatic cancers, once established, are the primary cause of mortality associated with cancer. Previously, we used a genomic approach to identify metastasis-associated genes in cancer. From this genomic data, we selected ezrin for further study based on its role in physically and functionally connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. In a mouse model of osteosarcoma, a highly metastatic pediatric cancer, we found ezrin to be necessary for metastasis. By imaging metastatic cells in the lungs of mice, we showed that ezrin expression provided an early survival advantage for cancer cells that reached the lung. AKT and MAPK phosphorylation and activity were reduced when ezrin protein was suppressed. Ezrin-mediated early metastatic survival was partially dependent on activation of MAPK, but not AKT. To define the relevance of ezrin in the biology of metastasis, beyond the founding mouse model, we examined ezrin expression in dogs that naturally developed osteosarcoma. High ezrin expression in dog tumors was associated with early development of metastases. Consistent with this data, we found a significant association between high ezrin expression and poor outcome in pediatric osteosarcoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Oncology Branch and Tissue Array Project Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. khannac@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Chand
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Seuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cassaday
authors.forename: Osarenoma
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olomu
authors.forename: Arnulfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Choh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorlick
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: Lee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Helman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D000099149:Ezrin
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000099149:Ezrin; C494918:AKT1 protein, human