title: Protein kinase A is involved in the control of morphology and branching during aerobic growth of Mucor circinelloides.
abstract: The cAMP signal transduction pathway controls many processes in fungi. The Mucor circinelloides pkaR and pkaC genes, encoding the regulatory (PKAR) and catalytic (PKAC) subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), have been cloned recently. Expression analysis during the dimorphic shift and colony morphology suggested a role for PKAR in the control of morphology and branching. Here strain KFA121, which overexpresses the M. circinelloides pkaR gene, was used to quantify growth and branching under different aerobic growth conditions in a flow-through cell by computerized image analysis. An inverse relationship between the pkaR expression level in KFA121 and the hyphal growth unit length was observed in KFA121, suggesting a central role for PKAR in branching. A biochemical analysis of PKAR using antibodies and enzyme assay demonstrated that the level of PKAR is higher in KFA121 under inducing conditions, i.e. in the presence of high glucose, than in the vector control strain KFA89. Measurement of cAMP binding demonstrated a significant increase (two- to threefold) in PKAR level for KFA121 at the time of germ-tube emission in medium containing 10 g glucose l(-1). The level of PKA activity was determined using kemptide in the same crude cell extracts used to determine cAMP binding. Strain KFA121 showed a twofold increase in PKA activity. An excess of free PKAR subunit over PKA holoenzyme was determined using sucrose gradient centrifugation of extracts from KFA89 and KFA121. The data indicate that cAMP-dependent PKA in M. circinelloides might be down-regulated during hyphal-tube emergence and that an increase in PKAR levels results in increased branching.
authors.affiliation: Center for Process Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 223, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lübbehüsen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellon 2 - Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Virginia González
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellon 2 - Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Center for Process Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 223, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria - Pabellon 2 - Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Center for Process Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 223, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mhairi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.affiliation: Department of Fungal Biotechnology, Biotechnological Institute, Kogle Allé 2, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnau
mesh_terms: D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D009089:Mucor / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D010641:Phenotype; D021122:Protein Subunits
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases