title: Prevalence of bladder neck mobility in asymptomatic non-pregnant nulliparous volunteers.
abstract: Antenatal bladder neck mobility is known to be associated with postpartum stress incontinence. Whether this represents a normal feature of pregnancy or a pathological process is unclear. Forty-eight nulliparous volunteers had perineal ultrasound scans to assess bladder neck mobility. Using previously defined cutoffs (for incontinence), 50% had increased linear movement and 39% increased angle of rotation. This suggests that bladder neck mobility is common in asymptomatic nulliparous women. Furthermore, it could represent a risk factor for stress incontinence after pregnancy and in the longer term.
authors.affiliation: Urogynaecology Unit, Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waterfield
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adekanmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*