title: Extensive vascular invasion is a marker of risk of relapse in encapsulated non-Hürthle cell follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathological study of 18 consecutive cases from a single institution with a 11-year median follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prognostic value of certain clinicopathological features in a series of 18 consecutive cases of encapsulated follicular carcinoma (EFC) of the thyroid gland with long follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen consecutive cases of EFC were retrieved from 1975 to 1993. Gender, age at onset, type of surgery, presence of capsular and/or vascular invasion, number of involved vessels, tumour size, and TNM/pTNM classification were evaluated and correlated with disease outcome. None of the cases presented with distant metastases. Extensive vascular invasion (defined as more than four capsular vessels involved) was present in two cases. After a median follow-up of 133 months, all patients were alive. Three cases had relapsed in lung and bone. In two out of these three cases, extensive vascular invasion was present. Radioiodine therapy was curative in two of three of the relapsed cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EFC is a low-risk carcinoma, with no patients' deaths after a median follow-up of 11 years. Extensive vascular invasion should be considered as a risk factor for relapse. A conservative surgical approach is recommended. Since relapses may occur up to 14 years after the initial surgery, life-long follow-up is advisable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. paola.collini@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sampietro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilotti
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery