title: Effects of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate on type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice.
abstract: In order to evaluate the improvement in the treatment of chronic arthritis, we investigated chondroitin sulfate depolymerization product (low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate, LMWCS) and intact chondroitin sulfate (CS) in vitro and in vivo. LMWCS was prepared by a chemical depolymerization process induced by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of copper salts. LMWCS (300 mg/kg) and CS (1200 mg/kg) were orally administered to DBA/1J mice once daily for 14 d prior to initial immunization with type II collagen. Their elastase activities and the production of cytokines in sera were examined on type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. We also compared the paracellular transport of LMWCS and CS across Caco-2 cell monolayers and examined the inhibitory effects on elastase activities. LMWCS inhibited elastase activity slightly, but CS did not show inhibition. Hind paw edema was significantly decreased by LMWCS treatment. Levels of anti-type II collagen antibody and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in sera were also reduced by LMWCS treatment but not in case of CS, although no significant difference was observed between LMWCS and CS on interleukin-6 (IL-6) induction. The LMWCS preparation showed preventive effects on the type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice and better permeability through Caco-2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-460, Korea.
authors.forename: So Yean
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Joon-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Choon Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seung Yeup
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Don Woong
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toida
authors.forename: Yeong Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000276:immunology; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008970:Molecular Weight
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D024043:Collagen Type II; D004187:Disaccharides; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase