title: Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in Japanese women: heavy weight, previous joint injuries, and occupational activities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) associated with constitutional factors, history of joint injuries, and occupational factors was assessed in a case-control study among women in Japan. Results were contrasted with a comparable study in Britain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study covered 3 health districts in Japan. Cases were women aged >/= 45 years old, diagnosed with knee OA by orthopedic physicians utilizing radiography. No cases displayed established causes of secondary OA. Controls selected randomly from the general population were individually matched to each case for age, sex, and residential district. Subjects were interviewed using structured questionnaires to determine medical history, including history of joint injury, physical activity, socioeconomic factors, and occupation. Height and weight were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interviews were obtained from 101 female cases and controls. The highest third of heaviest body weight in the past [high (> 62.0 kg) vs low (< 55 kg) odds ratio = 4.42, 95% confidence interval 1.17-16.64], previous injury to the knee (OR 7.11, 95% CI 2.40-21.09), sedentary work during initial employment (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.84), and total working years (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08) represented independent factors associated with knee OA, after controlling for other potential risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heavy weight in the past appears to represent a risk factor for knee OA among women in Japan, as reported in Britain. Constitutional factors may represent important determinants for knee OA, regardless of race. Previous injury to the knee and occupational factors are also associated with knee OA in both Britain and Japan, although characteristic activities for work vary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryujin
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mantani
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coggon
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009790:Occupations; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors