title: Two cases of orbital lymphangioma associated with vascular abnormalities of the retina and iris.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report 2 patients with combined intraocular and orbital vascular abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two interventional case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and pathologic findings. INTERVENTION/TESTING: Orbitotomy, fluorescein angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients presented with vision loss, intermittent proptosis, and cosmetic deformity. These patients had orbital lymphangioma, ipsilateral retinal and iris vascular malformations, and smaller corneal diameter on the affected side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The coexistence of these diverse vascular anomalies supports the established hypothesis of pluripotential orbital vascular anlagen. Disruptive influences of various types during embryogenesis or development may produce a variety of congenital orbital and intraocular vascular malformations.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Plastic, Orbital, Reconstructive, and Cosmetic Surgery Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. vavvasd@is.meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vavvas
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.forename: Lynnette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications*; D003315:Cornea / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007498:Iris / Q000098:blood supply*; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014463:Ultrasonography