title: Behçet's disease in patients of German and Turkish origin living in Germany: a comparative analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between ethnic origin and manifestations of Behçet's disease (BD) in patients of German and Turkish origin living in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2000, 32 patients of German and 33 patients of Turkish origin living in Germany were evaluated for the entire spectrum of disease manifestations, disease severity, HLA associations, sex, age at disease manifestation, and time to diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between German and Turkish patients. There was no association of sex or HLA-B51 with any manifestation of BD. The only significant difference between the 2 groups was the median time from the first manifestation of the disease to diagnosis, which was 0 years for the Turkish, but 3.5 years for the German patients (p = 0.0005). Additionally, 4 patients of German origin had been misdiagnosed as having spondyloarthropathy (SpA) before the final diagnosis of BD was made (12%). In comparison to Turkish patients living in Turkey (data from the literature), only 2 differences were found: one concerned the frequency of ocular involvement (lower in the patients in Turkey), and the other the male to female ratio, which was reported as 1.03:1 in Turkey, but 3.7:1 in Germany.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not favor an ethnic influence on the expression of BD. Environmental influences may be responsible for the higher frequency of ocular manifestations and the higher male to female ratio in patients living in Germany compared to those living in Turkey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II (Haematology, Oncology, Immunology, and Rheumatology), University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. ina.koetter@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kötter
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vonthein
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Günaydin
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zierhut
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stübiger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001528:Behcet Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059949:HLA-B51 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D059949:HLA-B51 Antigen