title: Identification of the "missing domain" of the rat copper-transporting ATPase, atp7b: insight into the structural and metal binding characteristics of its N-terminal copper-binding domain.
abstract: Wilson disease is an autosomal disorder of copper transport caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene encoding a copper-transporting P-type ATPase. The Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat is an established animal model for Wilson disease. We have used structural homology modelling of the N-terminal copper-binding region of the rat atp7b protein (rCBD) to reveal the presence of a domain, the fourth domain (rD4), which was previously thought to be missing from rCBD. Although the CXXC motif is absent from rD4, the overall fold is preserved. Using a wide range of techniques, rCBD is shown to undergo metal-induced secondary and tertiary structural changes similar to WCBD. Competition 65Zn(II)-blot experiments with rCBD demonstrate a binding cooperativity unique to Cu(I). Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra suggest significant secondary structural transformation occurring when 2-3 molar equivalents of Cu(I) is added. Near-UV CD spectra, which indicate tertiary structural transformations, show a proportional decrease in rCBD disulfide bonds upon the incremental addition of Cu(I), and a maximum 5:1 Cu(I) to protein ratio. The similarity of these results to those obtained for the Wilson disease N-terminal copper-binding region (WCBD), which has six copper-binding domains, suggests that the metal-dependent conformational changes observed in both proteins may be largely determined by the protein-protein interactions taking place between the heavy metal-associated (HMA) domains, and remain largely unaffected by the absence of one of the six CXXC copper-binding sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tsay
authors.forename: Negah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fatemi
authors.forename: Suree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narindrasorasak
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Bibudhendra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D028561:Transition Elements / Q000737:chemistry; D015037:Zinc Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D028561:Transition Elements; D015037:Zinc Radioisotopes; D003300:Copper; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases