title: Preconditioning delays Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether ischemic preconditioning (PC) may modify mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening.
  
  
  METHODS
  In protocol 1, New Zealand White rabbits underwent either no intervention (sham group) or 10 min of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion, preceded (PC) or not (C; control) by one episode of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion. Rabbits were pretreated by either saline or the MPT pore inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA), or its non-immunosuppressive derivative Cs29 (10 mg/kg, IV bolus). Hearts were harvested and mitochondria isolated for further assessment of Ca(2+)-induced MPT using a Ca(2+)-sensitive micro-electrode. In protocol 2, C and PC hearts underwent 30 min of ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion. They were pretreated either by saline, CsA or Cs29, as in protocol 1. Infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium, and apoptosis by TUNEL staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In protocol 1, the Ca(2+) overload required to induce MPT pore opening was significantly higher in PC than in C hearts. CsA and Cs29 significantly increased the Ca(2+) overload required for MPT pore opening. In protocol 2, mean infarct size averaged 25% of the risk region in CsA/Cs29 treated hearts versus 15% in PC and 55% in controls (P<0.05 vs. C, P=ns vs. PC). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was significantly reduced by PC and cyclosporin treatment with a mean apoptotic index of less than 2% in either group versus more than 11% in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that delayed opening of MPT pore may play a major role in ischemic PC.
authors.affiliation: INSERM E0226, Laboratoire de Physiologie Lyon-Nord, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France. laurent.argaud@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Argaud
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gateau-Roesch
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chalabreysse
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loufouat
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thivolet-Béjui
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ovize
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C485450:cyclosporin 29; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002118:Calcium