title: Effects of the agricultural insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) on mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).
abstract: Because agricultural insecticides have potential to disrupt biological control of mosquitoes, we quantified whether an insecticide used in rice fields causes mortality of mosquitofish. Laboratory studies have shown that lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) is toxic to fish; however, some studies report low field toxicities of pyrethroids to fish because they degrade rapidly and adsorb to soil. We tested whether Warrior kills mosquitofish under field conditions. Replicated enclosures in a rice field were either sprayed with Warrior at 5.8 g active ingredient/ha or were untreated. Mosquitofish were either added before the spray, or 7 days later. Of those added before the spray, none survived. Most fish added 7 days later survived.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lawler
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dritz
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Godfrey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C037304:cyhalothrin