title: An environmental decision-making tool for evaluating ground-level ozone-related health effects.
abstract: A computer model called the Ozone Risk Assessment Model (ORAM) was developed to evaluate the health effects caused by ground-level ozone (O3) exposure. ORAM was coupled with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Third-Generation Community Multiscale Air Quality model (Models-3/CMAQ), the state-of-the-art air quality model that predicts O3 concentration and allows the examination of various scenarios in which emission rates of O3 precursors (basically, oxides of nitrogen [NOx] and volatile organic compounds) are varied. The principal analyses in ORAM are exposure model performance evaluation, health-effects calculations (expected number of respiratory hospital admissions), economic valuation, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis through a Monte Carlo simulation. As a demonstration of the system, ORAM was applied to the eastern Tennessee region, and the entire O3 season was simulated for a base case (typical emissions) and three different emission scenarios. The results indicated that a synergism occurs when reductions in NOx emissions from mobile and point sources were applied simultaneously. A 12.9% reduction in asthma hospital admissions is expected when both mobile and point source NOx emissions are reduced (50 and 70%, respectively) versus a 5.8% reduction caused by mobile source and a 3.5% reduction caused by point sources when these emission sources are reduced individually.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geographical Engineering, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile. psanhuez@lauca.usach.cl
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sanhueza
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Wayne T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D003657:Decision Making; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity*; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010126:Ozone