Bichir HoxA cluster sequence reveals surprising trends in ray-finned fish genomic evolution.
The study of Hox clusters and genes provides insights into the evolution of genomic regulation of development. Derived ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) such as zebrafish and pufferfish possess duplicated Hox clusters that have undergone considerable sequence evolution. Whether these changes are associated with the duplication(s) that produced extra Hox clusters is unresolved because comparison with basal lineages is unavailable. We sequenced and analyzed the HoxA cluster of the bichir (Polypterus senegalus), a phylogenetically basal actinopterygian. Independent lines of evidence indicate that bichir has one HoxA cluster that is mosaic in its patterns of noncoding sequence conservation and gene retention relative to the HoxA clusters of human and shark, and the HoxAalpha and HoxAbeta clusters of zebrafish, pufferfish, and striped bass. HoxA cluster noncoding sequences conserved between bichir and euteleosts indicate that novel cis-sequences were acquired in the stem actinopterygians and maintained after cluster duplication. Hence, in the earliest actinopterygians, evolution of the single HoxA cluster was already more dynamic than in human and shark. This tendency peaked among teleosts after HoxA cluster duplication.
Chiu
Chi-Hua
CH
Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. chiu@biology.rutgers.edu
Dewar
Ken
K
Wagner
Günter P
GP
Takahashi
Kazuhiko
K
Ruddle
Frank
F
Ledje
Christina
C
Bartsch
Peter
P
Scemama
Jean-Luc
JL
Stellwag
Edmund
E
Fried
Claudia
C
Prohaska
Sonja J
SJ
Stadler
Peter F
PF
Amemiya
Chris T
CT
D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition / Q000235:genetics; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000235:genetics; D016678:Genome; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012860:Skates, Fish / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*
D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C088144:HoxA protein