title: Restricted changes in major surface protein-2 (msp2) transcription after prolonged in vitro passage of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains often vary in Msp2 expression, a situation assumed to be related to immune evasion. However, Msp2 is also an adhesin, and little is known about the role of endogenous msp2 transcriptional changes in the absence of immune selection. Thus, Msp2 profiles and msp2 transcripts of low passage A. phagocytophilum Webster strain, initially comprised of a single abundant msp2 transcript, were re-examined after > or = 20 in vitro passages without immune selection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using an Msp2 monoclonal antibody, immunoblots revealed an unchanged dominant band and several weak bands that appeared with passage. Similarly, msp2 transcript diversity changed, with a decrease in the initially abundant low passage transcript and appearance of a newly abundant and several minor msp2 transcripts with high passage. BLASTN search of the A. phagocytophilum HZ strain genome revealed > or = 52 msp2 paralogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Msp2 expression and msp2 transcription modulate even without immune selective pressures. However, the limited diversity of msp2 transcripts in the absence of immune pressure suggests selection for Msp2 by specific functions beyond that of immune evasion, in spite of a large genomic reservoir for Msp2 diversity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dscorpio@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Diana G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Scorpio
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caspersen
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dumler
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D041081:Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C488283:msp2 protein, Anaplasma phagocytophilum