title: Hippocampal structural asymmetry in unsuccessful psychopaths.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities have been previously reported in institutionalized psychopathic and aggressive populations. This study assessed whether prior findings of a right greater than left (R > L) functional asymmetry in caught violent offenders generalize to the structural domain in unsuccessful, caught psychopaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left and right hippocampal volumes were assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 23 control subjects, 16 unsuccessful psychopaths, and 12 successful (uncaught) community psychopaths and transformed into standardized space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unsuccessful psychopaths showed an exaggerated structural hippocampal asymmetry (R > L) relative both to successful psychopaths and control subjects (p <.007) that was localized to the anterior region. This effect could not be explained by environmental and diagnostic confounds and constitutes the first brain imaging analysis of successful and unsuccessful psychopaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atypical anterior hippocampal asymmetries in unsuccessful psychopaths may reflect an underlying neurodevelopmental abnormality that disrupts hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry, resulting in affect dysregulation, poor contextual fear conditioning, and insensitivity to cues predicting capture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1061, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: Sharon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Estibaliz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lencz
authors.forename: Kevin H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Knuth
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bihrle
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: LaCasse
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales