title: Teenage smoking: some problems with interpreting the evidence.
abstract: This paper attempts to address the methodological problem of disentangling complex interrelationships between teenage smoking and other variables when using survey data. As in any research based on survey data, it is difficult to distinguish systematic from random patterns due to other variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pragmatic approach of classifying variables into three groups of objectively measured demographic, socio-environmental variables and subjectively measured sociopsychological variables was adopted. A secondary cross-sectional survey data source was used to fit and test three models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggest socio-environmental and socio-psychological variables may effect teenage smoking through demographic and some other variables not measured in the survey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard statistical techniques are unable to distinguish between the different effects and their impact on the outcome. However, they can be used to re-examine and re-evaluate the results as potential evidence. A re-assessment of results suggests that effects of variables reported in the literature on teenage smoking may be over estimated. For example, self-esteem may not be as important and the role of peer pressure may not be as clear as it has been made out to be.
authors.affiliation: Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, Christchurch, New Zealand. saids@cpit.ac.nz
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahtahmasebi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003380:Courtship; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012928:Social Desirability; D012931:Social Environment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*