title: The pathogenesis of dermatophyte infections in human skin sections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A novel ex vivo model for the study of adherence and invasion of dermatophytes to the stratum corneum was developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A skin of full epidermis thickness was infected by spores of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and examined after various periods of time by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 h of inoculation a tenacious adherence between the spores and the stratum corneum was observed. There was a time dependent increase in the number of spores adhered to this surface. By 24 h, germination had commenced. The initial growth of germ tubes occurred extracellularly to the corneocytes. Three days after inoculation, the most prominent feature was proliferation of fungal hyphae and penetration of mycelium through the outer keratinocyte layer which is followed by invasion of the outer stratum corneum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model introduced in the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the interaction between dermatophytes and skin cells in dermatophytosis process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Institute of Technology, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duek
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ulman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berdicevsky
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014005:Tinea / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure