title: Graft-extrinsic cells predominate in vein graft arterialization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vein graft disease involves neointimal smooth muscle cells, the origins of which are unclear. This study sought to characterize and quantitate vein graft infiltration by cells extrinsic to the graft in a mouse model of vein graft disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inferior vena cava-to-carotid artery interposition grafting between C57Bl/6 and congenic beta-galactosidase-expressing ROSA26 mice was performed. Vein grafts were harvested 6 weeks postoperatively and stained with X-gal. More than 60% of neointimal cells derived from the recipient, and 50% of these cells expressed smooth muscle alpha-actin. The distribution of donor and recipient-derived cells within this vein graft wall layer was distinctly focal, consistent with focal infiltration and expansion of progenitor cells. When bone marrow transplantation with congenic green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells was used in vein graft recipients 1 month before surgery, abundant GFP-expressing cells appeared in the media, but not the neointima, of mature grafts. Endothelial cells in mature grafts derived from graft-intrinsic and graft-extrinsic sources and were, in part, of bone marrow origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cells extrinsic to the graft, including bone marrow-derived cells, predominate during vein graft remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Lisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brian
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peppel
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D020296:Animals, Congenic; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery*; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006085:Graft Survival; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007763:Lac Operon; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D011828:Radiation Chimera; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000166:cytology*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins