Spinal agents for acute pain management.
This article describes the current and investigational agents for use in the treatment of acute pain. The use of spinal and epidural routes also are discussed.
Bowen
George
G
Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Suite G8490, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5092, USA. eugene.viscusi@jefferson.edu
Viscusi
Eugene R
ER
Andonakakis
Angelo
A
D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy
D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003000:Clonidine