title: Genetic relationships of Aglaonema species and cultivars inferred from AFLP markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aglaonema is an important ornamental foliage plant genus, but genetic relationships among its species and cultivars have not been reported. This study analysed genetic relatedness of 54 cultivars derived from nine species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, 48 EcoRI + 2/MseI + 3 primer set combinations were screened, from which six primer sets that showed clear scoreable and highly polymorphic fragments were selected and used for AFLP reactions. AFLP fragments were scored and entered into a binary data matrix as discrete variables. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity was calculated for all pair-wise comparisons among the 54 cultivars, and a dendrogram was constructed by the unweighted pair-group method using the arithmetic average (UPGMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of AFLP fragments generated per primer set ranged from 59 to 112 with fragment sizes varying from 50 to 565 bp. A total of 449 AFLP fragments was detected, of which 314 were polymorphic (70 %). All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their AFLP fingerprints. The 54 cultivars were divided into seven clusters; cultivars within each cluster generally share similar morphological characteristics. Cluster I contains 35 cultivars, most of them are interspecific hybrids developed mainly from A. commutatum, A. crispum or A. nitidum. However, Jaccard's similarity coefficients among these hybrids are 0.84 or higher, suggesting that these popular hybrid cultivars are genetically much closer than previously thought. This genetic similarity may imply that A. nitidum and A. crispum are likely progenitors of A. commutatum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study demonstrate the efficiency and ease of using AFLP markers for investigating genetic relationships of ornamental foliage plants, a group usually propagated vegetatively. The AFLP markers developed will help future Aglaonema cultivar identification, germplasm conservation and new cultivar development.
authors.affiliation: Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, and Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703-8504, USA. jjchen@mail.ifas.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pachanoor S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Devanand
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Richard  J
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henny
authors.forename: Chih-cheng  T
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D029064:Araceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers