title: Effects of bacterial cell wall components (PAMPs) on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and the chemokine receptor CCR2 by purified human blood monocytes.
abstract: Regulation of chemokine production and the expression of chemokine receptors play an important role during inflammation and infectious diseases. The present study was designed to study the effects of five different bacterial cell wall components (PAMPs) on the production of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha and the expression of CCR2 by highly purified human blood monocytes. All five PAMPs induced high expression of mRNA and protein synthesis of both chemokines. Generally, MCP-1 mRNA and protein levels were higher than MIP-1alpha levels. Expression of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha differed both at the mRNA and at the protein levels, MIP-1alpha always showing a more rapid initial increase, attaining lower protein levels than MCP-1. Antibodies against CD14 significantly inhibited the inducing effects of all the PAMPs used. Antibody against TLR2 inhibited the chemokine production induced by LTA and AraLAM by more than 36% (P < 0.05) while chemokine production induced by Escherichia coli-LPS, purified E. coli-LPS and Neisseria meningitidis-LPS was inhibited by more than 60% by antibody against TLR4 (P < 0.05). The inducing effects of all five PAMPs could be inhibited by rIL-4, rIL-10 and rIL-13. rIL-4 was the most effective. Generally, IC(50) of these anti-inflammatory cytokines were lower for the MIP-1alpha than for the MCP-1 production. The cell surface expression of CCR2 was significantly down-regulated by all five PAMPs in addition to a decrease in cytosolic free calcium and binding of rMCP-1. We conclude that MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha as well as the MCP-1 receptor CCR2 will be substantially regulated upon monocyte contact with various cell wall components (PAMPs) from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as from mycobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Research and Development Group, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0450 Oslo, Norway. a.s.w.moller@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie W
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Reidun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Øvstebø
authors.forename: Ase-Brit
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Westvik
authors.forename: Gun Britt
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Joø
authors.forename: Kari-Bente F
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kierulf
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008033:Limulus Test; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011994:Recombinant Proteins