title: Use of the Cygnus GlucoWatch biographer at a diabetes camp.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection and prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia is a major medical concern at diabetes camps.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted an open-label trial of the Cygnus GlucoWatch biographer to detect nocturnal hypoglycemia in a diabetes camp, a nonclinical environment with multiple activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five campers (7-17 years old) wore a biographer. The biographer was placed on the arm at 6:00 PM, with the low alarm set to 85 mg/dL (4.7 mmol/L). Overnight glucose monitoring occurred per usual camp protocol. Counselors were to check and record blood glucose values if the biographer alarmed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biographers were worn for 154 nights by 45 campers. After a 3-hour warm-up period, 67% of biographers were calibrated, of which 28% were worn the entire night (12 hours). Thirty-four percent of readings were skipped because of: "data errors" (65%), sweat (20%), and temperature change (16%). Reported biographer values correlated with meter glucose values measured 11 to 20 minutes later (r = 0.90). Of 20 low-glucose alarms with corresponding meter values measured within 20 minutes, there were 10 true-positive alarms, 10 false-positive alarms, and no false-negative alarms. Campers reported sleep disruption 32% of the nights, and 74% found the biographer helpful. Campers reported they would wear the biographer 4 to 5 nights each week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Half of the biographer low-glucose alarms that had corresponding blood meter values were true-positive alarms, and the remaining were false-positive alarms. There was close correlation between the biographer and meter glucose values. The majority of campers found the biographer helpful and would use it at home.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5208, USA. lgandrud@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gandrud
authors.forename: Helen U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Paguntalan
authors.forename: M Michelle
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Van Wyhe
authors.forename: Betsy L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Kunselman
authors.forename: Amy D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Leptien
authors.forename: Darrell M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Eastman
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002138:Calibration; D002165:Camping; D002648:Child; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose