title: Global distribution of rubella virus genotypes.
abstract: Phylogenetic analysis of a collection of 103 E1 gene sequences from rubella viruses isolated from 17 countries from 1961 to 2000 confirmed the existence of at least two genotypes. Rubella genotype I (RGI) isolates, predominant in Europe, Japan, and the Western Hemisphere, segregated into discrete subgenotypes; international subgenotypes present in the 1960s and 1970s were replaced by geographically restricted subgenotypes after approximately 1980. Recently, active subgenotypes include one in the United States and Latin America, one in China, and a third that apparently originated in Asia and spread to Europe and North America, starting in 1997, indicating the recent emergence of an international subgenotype. A virus that potentially arose as a recombinant between two RGI subgenotypes was discovered. Rubella genotype II (RGII) showed greater genetic diversity than did RGI and may actually consist of multiple genotypes. RGII viruses were limited to Asia and Europe; RGI viruses were also present in most of the countries where RGII viruses were isolated.
authors.affiliation: Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
authors.forename: Du-Ping
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Teryl K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Icenogle
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katow
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Abernathy
authors.forename: Ki-Joon
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wen-Bo
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yarulin
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Desjatskova
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aboudy
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enders
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Croxson
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012409:Rubella / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012412:Rubella virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins