title: SREBP-1 interacts with hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha and interferes with PGC-1 recruitment to suppress hepatic gluconeogenic genes.
abstract: The hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha)/PGC-1 pathway plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and Glc-6-Pase, genes that are activated at fasting and suppressed in a fed state. SREBP-1c dominates the nutritional regulation of lipogenic genes inverse to gluconeogenesis. Here we show the mechanism by which SREBP-1 suppresses expression of gluconeogenic genes. A series of luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that SREBP-1a and -1c effectively inhibited the PEPCK promoter activity that was induced by HNF-4alpha. The HNF-4alpha-binding site in the glucocorticoid-response unit was responsible for the SREBP-1 inhibition, although SREBP-1 did not bind to the PEPCK promoter as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The inhibitory effect was more potent in the isoform of SREBP-1a than SREBP-1c and was eliminated by deletion of the amino-terminal transactivation domain of SREBP-1. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that these two transcription factors directly interact through the transactivation domain of SREBP-1 and the ligand binding/AF2 domains of HNF-4alpha. Estimation of coactivator recruitment using HNF-4alpha-Gal4DBD fusion assay showed that SREBP-1 competitively inhibited PGC-1 recruitment, a requirement for HNF-4alpha activation. Consistent with these results, hepatic PEPCK and Glc-6-Pase mRNA levels are suppressed by overexpression of SREBP-1a and -1c in the transgenic mice. Our data indicate that SREBP-1 has a novel role as negative regulator of gluconeogenic genes through a cross-talk with HNF-4alpha interference with PGC-1 recruitment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimano
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahagi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuzaka
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakakuki
authors.forename: Akimitsu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496592:HNF4A protein, human; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D008024:Ligands; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C403128:MLX protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C497390:SREBF2 protein, human; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; C497391:Srebf2 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; C501970:Tcfl4 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1; D005576:Colforsin; D012313:RNA; D008156:Luciferases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)