title: Admissions to neonatal intensive care unit following pregnancies complicated by gestational or type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diagnosed in a population with a high prevalence of unrecognised type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM), the rate of neonatal morbidity is not clear. There is also a paucity of data reporting neonatal outcome in women with recognised type 2 DM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe, in a population with a high background prevalence of type 2 DM, neonatal morbidity in infants of women with GDM and type 2 DM admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year audit was carried out in a tertiary level obstetric hospital with a multi-ethnic delivery population. All infants admitted to the NICU whose mothers had GDM or type 2 DM were identified from the hospital database. The records of 136 infants were retrospectively reviewed and data collected on outcome measures including maternal diagnosis, macrosomia, mode of delivery, delivery complications, hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress and congenital anomalies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Admission to NICU occurred in 29% of GDM and 40% of type 2 DM pregnancies. Median gestation was 37 weeks (range: 25-41), with 46% delivered preterm. Forty percent of infants were delivered by emergency Caesarean section. Fifty-one percent of admissions had hypoglycaemia and 40% required support for respiratory distress. Women with type 2 DM diagnosed either prepregnancy or post-partum were the highest risk group for neonatal morbidity, including congenital anomalies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal morbidity is common in infants of women with type 2 DM and GDM in a population with high prevalence of type 2 DM.
authors.affiliation: National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rowan
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Malcolm R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Battin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008485:Medical Audit; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014600:Utilization Review