title: Estimating medical costs of gastroenterological diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the direct medical costs of gastroenterological diseases within the universal health insurance program among the population of local residents in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data sources were the first 4 cohort datasets of 200,000 people from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taipei. The ambulatory, inpatient and pharmacy claims of the cohort in 2001 were analyzed. Besides prevalence and medical costs of diseases, both amount and costs of utilization in procedures and drugs were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the cohort with 183,976 eligible people, 44.2% had ever a gastroenterological diagnosis during the year. The age group 20-39 years had the lowest prevalence rate (39.2%) while the elderly had the highest (58.4%). The prevalence rate was higher in women than in men (48.5% vs. 40.0%). Totally, 30.4% of 14,888 inpatients had ever a gastroenterological diagnosis at discharge and 18.8% of 51,359 patients at clinics of traditional Chinese medicine had such a diagnosis there. If only the principal diagnosis on each claim was considered, 16.2% of admissions, 8.0% of outpatient visits, and 10.1% of the total medical costs (8,469,909 US dollars/83,830,239 US dollars) were attributed to gastroenterological diseases. On average, 46.0 US dollars per insured person in a year were spent in treating gastroenterological diseases. Diagnostic procedures related to gastroenterological diseases accounted for 24.2% of the costs for all diagnostic procedures and 2.3% of the total medical costs. Therapeutic procedures related to gastroenterological diseases accounted for 4.5% of the costs for all therapeutic procedures and 1.3% of the total medical costs. Drugs related to gastroenterological diseases accounted for 7.3% of the costs for all drugs and 1.9% of the total medical costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastroenterological diseases are prevalent among the population of local residents in Taiwan, accounting for a tenth of the total medical costs. Further investigations are needed to differentiate costs in screening, ruling out, confirming, and treating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Finance, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan, China. lifang@nccu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Li-Fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003938:Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics*; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology