The efficacy of premixed nitrous oxide and oxygen for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
OBJECTIVE
s: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of premixed 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen on the quality of sedation and pain control during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) in children.


METHODS
A prospective, randomized, double-blind study.


METHODS
Pediatric pulmonary department in a pediatric tertiary university hospital.


METHODS
One hundred five children aged 1 month to 18 years.


METHODS
Patients inhaled after sedation and local anesthesia either premixed 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen (nitrous oxide group) or premixed 50% nitrogen and oxygen (control group) during FB.


RESULTS
The rate of failure was significantly greater in the control group (62%) than in the nitrous oxide group (21%, p = 0.00003). The efficacy of premixed 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen was also demonstrated with higher satisfaction scores (p = 0.000001), lower Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scores (p = 0.002), better visual analog scale ratings (p = 0.03), and improved behavior scores. Side effects were minor and similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the improved efficacy of sedation, pain control, and safety of premixed 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen for FB in children.
Fauroux
Brigitte
B
Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique et INSERM 213, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France. brigitte.fauroux@trs.ap-hop-paris.fr
Onody
Peter
P
Gall
Olivier
O
Tourniaire
Barbara
B
Koscielny
Serge
S
Clément
Annick
A
D000293:Adolescent; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen