title: Evaluation of extraocular muscles in the edematous phase of Graves ophthalmopathy on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extraocular muscles (EOMs) reveal characteristic contrast-enhancement patterns on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging due to their rich vascular supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate contrast-enhancement patterns of EOMs in patients with edematous phase of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) using contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed MR imaging in comparison with normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  EOMs of 15 patients with edematous phase of GO and those of 15 normal volunteers were evaluated using coronal T1-weighted MR images with fat suppression before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium. The image sequence was a fast spin-echo with chemical shift selective fat saturation. The degree of contrast enhancement for EOMs and temporal muscles (TMs) was assessed via a 4-step grading system and by 2 reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences for the degrees of contrast enhancement in all EOMs between the patients with GO and normal volunteers. The degrees of contrast enhancement for all EOMs were significantly decreased in patients with edematous phase of GO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microcirculation within the EOMs tends to be impaired during the progress of disease, and the MR imaging pattern gives a semiquantitative measurement of the microcirculatory impairment of the EOMs during the edematous phase of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Istanbul Sisli Etfal Hospital, 67 Ada, Kardenel 4/2, Daire 37, 81120 Atasehir-Istanbul, Turkey. scakirer@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakirer
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cakirer
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basak
authors.forename: Sevtap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durmaz
authors.forename: Yuksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Altuntas
authors.forename: Ulviye
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yigit
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA