title: Mass screening of 12,027 elderly men for prostate carcinoma by measuring serum prostate specific antigen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of prostate carcinoma (Pca) has been increasing in China. We detected Pca in elderly men in Changchun, north China and the significance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in mass screening and clinical staging of Pca.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum PSA from 12,027 men over 50 years old from Changchun was analyzed. In case of serum PSA greater than 4.0 ng/ml, the patient was suspected of potentially suffering from Pca, and transrectal six-point puncture prostate biopsies were performed under ultrasound guidance. Pathological examinations were performed on the biopsy tissue, and ABCD and TNM clinical stagings were used in accordance with international standards. Correlations between serum PSA level and clinical stage were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSA was greater than 4.0 ng/ml in 813 patients (6.8% of the 12,027 men). Transrectal six-point prostate puncture biopsies guided by ultrasound were performed in 273 patients (33.6% of the 813 patients who were tested positive in the initial mass screening). Of these 273 patients, 69 cases of Pca (25.3% of 273) were confirmed by biopsy in the second screening, with an overall detection rate for Pca of 0.57% (69/12,027). The total number of patients in stages A, B, T1, or T2 was 57.9%, and over 20% of them suffered from late stage Pca with lymph node and bone metastasis. An obvious positive correlation was observed between ABCD staging, TNM staging, and serum PSA level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum PSA level is not only the golden standard for mass screening of Pca, but also the predictor for clinical stage of Pca. PSA testing revealed asymptomatic Pca cases in early, middle, and later stages in the elderly, suggesting that mass screening is of paramount importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. aichen@public.cc.jl.cn
authors.forename: Hai-feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sheng-wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guo-yi
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xiao-meng
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-zhuo
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue-jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hong-wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen