title: Modeling of enzyme-substrate complexes for the metalloproteases MMP-3, ADAM-9 and ADAM-10.
abstract: The matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and the ADAMs (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain) are proteolytic enzyme families containing a catalytic zinc ion, that are implicated in a variety of normal and pathological processes involving tissue remodeling and cancer. Synthetic MMP inhibitors have been designed for applications in pathological situations. However, a greater understanding of substrate binding and the catalytic mechanism is required so that more effective and selective inhibitors may be developed for both experimental and clinical purposes. By modeling a natural substrate spanning P4-P4' in complex with the catalytic domains, we aim to compare substrate-specificities between Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), ADAM-9 and ADAM-10, with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that the substrate retains a favourable antiparallel beta-sheet conformation on the P-side in addition to the well-known orientation of the P'-region of the scissile bond, and that the primary substrate selectivity is dominated by the sidechains in the S1' pocket and the S2/S3 region. ADAM-9 has a hydrophobic residue as the central determinant in the S1' pocket, while ADAM-10 has an amphiphilic residue, which suggests a different primary specificity. The S2/S3 pocket is largely hydrophobic in all three enzymes. Inspired by our molecular dynamics calculations and supported by a large body of literature, we propose a novel, hypothetical, catalytic mechanism where the Zn-ion polarizes the oxygens from the catalytic glutamate to form a nucleophile, leading to a tetrahedral oxyanion anhydride transition state.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, GPO Box 2434, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manzetti
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: Adrian C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Herington
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van der Spoel
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D019483:Disintegrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015195:Drug Design; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D019483:Disintegrins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D010450:Endopeptidases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C509280:BACE1 protein, human; D051722:ADAM Proteins; C098339:ADAM9 protein, human; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3