title: Multifactor-dimensionality reduction shows a two-locus interaction associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex genetic disease, which results from interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors without any single factor having strong independent effects. This study was done to identify gene to gene interactions which could be associated with the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 23 different loci in the 15 candidate genes of Type 2 diabetes in 504 unrelated Type 2 diabetic patients and 133 non-diabetic control subjects. We analysed gene to gene interactions among 23 polymorphic loci using the multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method, which has been shown to be effective for detecting and characterising gene to gene interactions in case-control studies with relatively small samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDR analysis showed a significant gene to gene interaction between the Ala55Val polymorphism in the uncoupling protein 2 gene ( UCP2) and the 161C>T polymorphism in the exon 6 of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ( PPARgamma) gene. This interaction showed the maximum consistency and minimum prediction error among all gene to gene interaction models evaluated. Moreover, the combination of the UCP2 55 Ala/Val heterozygote and the PPARgamma 161 C/C homozygote was associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes (odds ratio: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.77, p=0.0016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the MDR method, we showed a two-locus interaction between the UCP2 and PPARgamma genes among 23 loci in the candidate genes of Type 2 diabetes. The determination of such genotype combinations contributing to Type 2 diabetes mellitus could provide a new tool for identifying high-risk individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.|Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Program in Human Genetics and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.affiliation: Program in Human Genetics and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K-U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea. kspark@snu.ac.kr.|Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. kspark@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2