title: Longitudinal association of initiation/perseveration and severity of geriatric depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many older adults with major depression (MDD) present with impairment in initiation and perseveration (IP) tests. However, it remains unclear how these abnormalities change during the course of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied the longitudinal covariation of depression severity and IP functioning in 157 depressed older adults with MDD. Patients with and without baseline IP impairment were studied on three occasions over 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression severity was associated with concurrent IP scores; however, despite IP improvement, those with impaired baseline IP functioning did not reach the level of their non-impaired counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The persistence of IP abnormalities suggests that these patients require careful treatment planning and follow-up, given that earlier studies noted an association of abnormal IP with disability and poor outcomes of depression treatment.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, USA. galexop@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Christopher F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors