title: Quantification of fecal coliform inputs to aquatic systems through soil leaching.
abstract: In order to assess the fecal contamination of rivers in the Seine watershed through soil leaching, 78 small streams located in rural areas were sampled upstream from any wastewater outfall. Culturable fecal coliforms (FC) and beta-D-glucuronidase activity (specific of Escherichia coli) were measured in the samples. Data showed a significant correlation between both estimates of fecal contamination. In the two different areas of the Seine river watershed investigated, most of the small streams were significantly contaminated by fecal bacteria. In general, the streams flowing through areas partly or fully covered with pastures were more contaminated than those flowing through forest and cultivated areas. Rainfall increased the suspended solid content of small streams as well as their fecal contamination, as an important fraction of FC was adsorbed on particles. Calculations showed that, at a large watershed scale, the input of FC in rivers through soil leaching was very low when compared to the input through the discharge of treated domestic wastewater but this could not be true at local scale.
authors.affiliation: Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine CP221, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anzil
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Servais
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005602:France; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011891:Rain; D012722:Sewage; D014197:Trees; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012722:Sewage; D005966:Glucuronidase