title: Clinical research and industrial sponsoring: avenues towards transparency and credibility.
abstract: Clinical research is intended to serve the patient, in the pursuit of a deepened understanding of physiological interactions and their changes in disease, and of potentially beneficial implications for the patient. The impetus to perform clinical research is shaped by various intentions, such as the desire to provide cure or relief, striving for personal and professional success, public attention, financial considerations, or simply scientific curiosity. A similarly wide range of diverging interests must be assumed to impinge on diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in clinical work. How are we to perform clinical research and therapy with the patients' benefit in mind, in view of such a complex motivational status, and how are we to perceive the peculiar interests of those influencing clinical work, including ourselves? In this review, we attempt to elucidate the complex pathways of interaction between physicians and industrial sponsors. Special attention will be paid to the following topics: the pharmaceutical market, public interests, legal and ethical issues, conflicts of interest, and the potential impact of industry-sponsored drug trials on medical information and subsequent therapeutic decisions. We will conclude with recommendations for an acceptable position in the tension between cooperation and corruptibility, a position that grants priority to the patient's needs rather than third party interests.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Robert-Rössle-Klinik im HELIOS Klinikum Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Berlin-Buch, Germany. mhildebrandt@berlin.helios-kliniken.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: W-D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016265:Conflict of Interest / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005060:Europe; D005607:Fraud / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D010819:Physician's Role; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014481:United States