title: Ocular and systemic side effects of brimonidine 0.2% eye drops (Alphagan) in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brimonidine 0.2% (Alphagan) is a topical alpha-2 agonist widely used as an antihypertensive. There have been occasional reports of systemic adverse effects in children including apparent central nervous system depression. There are few data available on the overall safety of brimonidine 0.2% in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerised pharmacy records were used to identify all children who had been prescribed brimonidine 0.2% in our eye department between August 1999 and June 2001, and their notes were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 23 patients were identified from pharmacy records and 22 sets of notes were recovered and reviewed. The mean age at commencement of treatment was 8 years (range 0-14 years). In all, 10 (46%) were treated in one eye and 12 (54%) in both. Brimonidine 0.2% was taken for a mean 14 months (range 1 day-75 months). A total of 14 (64%) patients were already taking a topical beta-blocker when brimonidine 0.2% was commenced and a further four (18%) were being treated with another topical hypotensive agent. Of the 22 patients, six (27%) had to stop brimonidine 0.2% because of adverse side effects (two because of local irritation/allergy, two because of tiredness, and two because of fainting attacks).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many topical hypotensive agents are not licensed for use in children and few safety data are available. In this study, 18% of children had systemic adverse effects sufficient to necessitate stopping the drug. It is possible that educational impairment may have passed unnoticed in others. Larger studies are required to investigate this further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
authors.forename: R J C
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cope
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nischal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D013575:Syncope / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate