title: Postnatal changes in gene expression of retinal dehydrogenase and retinoid receptors in liver of rats.
abstract: Retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cellular differentiation and proliferation in various tissues including the liver. To explore a possible role of RA in the postnatal development of hepatic function, we analyzed RA-generation enzyme activity and the RA-related hepatic gene expressions in the suckling and weaning rats. At 5 days after birth, retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) activity in the liver was relatively high. Its activity decreased by 70% until day 17, and then it gradually increased to a high level by the completion of weaning period. Northern blot analysis showed that RALDH2 mRNA levels decreased in the suckling period, whereas RALDH1 mRNA levels increased in the weaning period. Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) mRNA levels increased in the suckling period and attained to a higher level at 17 days after birth. Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) mRNA level showed only a slight and temporary increase on day 13. The mRNA levels of hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF-4 and HNF-1alpha) exhibited parallel increases around suckling-weaning period, and the transcript levels of albumin, a typical target gene of the hepatocyte nuclear factors, increased during the suckling-weaning transition period. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a putative nuclear receptor-binding element on rat HNF-1 alpha gene revealed that HNF-4 homodimer, but not RXRalpha homodimer, bound to this element. These results suggest that postnatal expressions of hepatocyte-specific genes might be up-regulated by retinoid receptors, which may be related with the alterations of RALDH expression during postnatal development in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suruga
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: Toshinao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goda
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019281:Dimerization; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051537:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D051539:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C496489:Hnf1a protein, rat; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051537:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1; D051539:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase