title: Invariant chain and the MHC class II cytoplasmic domains regulate localization of MHC class II molecules to lipid rafts in tumor cell-based vaccines.
abstract: Cell-based tumor vaccines, consisting of MHC class I+ tumor cells engineered to express MHC class II molecules, stimulate tumor-specific CD4+ T cells to mediate rejection of established, poorly immunogenic tumors. Previous experiments have demonstrated that these vaccines induce immunity by functioning as APCs for endogenously synthesized, tumor-encoded Ags. However, coexpression of the MHC class II accessory molecule invariant chain (Ii), or deletion of the MHC class II cytoplasmic domain abrogates vaccine immunogenicity. Recent reports have highlighted the role of lipid microdomains in Ag presentation. To determine whether Ii expression and/or truncation of MHC class II molecules impact vaccine efficacy by altering MHC class II localization to lipid microdomains, we examined the lipid raft affinity of MHC class II molecules in mouse M12.C3 B cell lymphomas and SaI/A(k) sarcoma vaccine cells. Functional MHC class II heterodimers were detected in lipid rafts of both cell types. Interestingly, expression of Ii in M12.C3 cells or SaI/A(k) cells blocked the MHC class II interactions with cell surface lipid rafts. In both cell types, truncation of either the alpha- or beta-chain decreased the affinity of class II molecules for lipid rafts. Simultaneous deletion of both cytoplasmic domains further reduced localization of class II molecules to lipid rafts. Collectively, these data suggest that coexpression of Ii or deletion of the cytoplasmic domains of MHC class II molecules may reduce vaccine efficacy by blocking the constitutive association of MHC class II molecules with plasma membrane lipid rafts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ilkovitch
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Terri M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostrand-Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000235:genetics; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000276:immunology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; C045084:invariant chain