title: Detection of basal cell carcinoma using electrical impedance and neural networks.
abstract: Variations in electrical impedance over frequency might be used to distinguish basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from benign skin lesions, although the patterns that separate the two are nonobvious. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be good pattern classifiers for this application. A preliminary study to show the potential of neural networks to distinguish benign from malignant skin lesions using electrical impedance is presented. Electrical impedance was measured in vivo from 1 kHz to 1 MHz at five virtual depths on 18 BCC and 16 benign or premalignant lesions. A feed-forward neural network was trained using back propagation to classify these lesions. Two methods of preprocessing were used to account for the impedance of normal skin and the size of the lesion, one based on estimating the impedance of the lesion relative to adjacent normal skin and one based on estimating the impedance of the lesion independent of size or surrounding normal skin. Neural networks were able to classify measurements in a test set with 100% accuracy for the first preprocessing technique and 85% accuracy for the second. These results indicate electrical impedance may be a promising clinical diagnostic tool for basal cell carcinoma or other forms of skin cancer.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA. rdua@umr.edu
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: Daryl G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Beetner
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Stoecker
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wunsch
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014159:Transducers