title: Survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis frozen in skim milk- tryptone-glucose-glycerol medium.
abstract: In STGG (skim milk, tryptone, glucose, glycerol) medium at -80 degrees C, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis isolates survived for at least 3 years, and the same species have survived in nasopharyngeal swabs for at least 1.5 years. At -20 degrees C, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis survived for 1.5 years, but H. influenzae survived for only 2 months.
authors.affiliation: KTL, National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Helsinki, Finland. tarja.kaijalainen@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaijalainen
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruokokoski
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ukkonen
authors.forename: Elja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003470:Culture Media; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000254:growth & development*; D008892:Milk; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000254:growth & development*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D010461:Peptones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D010461:Peptones; C001830:tryptones; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol