title: A group intervention to reduce smoking in individuals with psychiatric disorder: brief report of a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a group intervention to help individuals with psychiatric disorder stop smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A waitlist-treatment crossover design. Outcome measures included smoking cessation, motivation to stop, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), urinary cotinine and psychiatric symptoms on the General Health Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  38 subjects participated, of whom 19 completed the waitlist and intervention phases. There were no significant differences between subjects and dropouts. During the waitlist period there were no significant changes in tobacco use. At the end of the intervention, almost a quarter had stopped smoking, (z = -2.24, p = 0.02). Subjects also showed significant improvements on state of change, FTND score and urinary cotinine levels. These improvements were maintained at three-month follow-up (n = 10). Psychiatric morbidity showed no change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to reduce smoking in individuals with psychiatric disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger randomised controlled trials are indicated to determine the relative contributions of nicotine replacement, bupropion and group interventions to smoking cessation in this population.
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Mental Health Unit, University of Western Australia. Stephen.Kisely@cdha.nshealth.ca
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kisely
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: Senia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malmgren
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shannon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D003367:Cotinine