title: ACE-inhibition is superior to endothelin A receptor blockade in preventing abnormal capillary supply and fibrosis of the heart in experimental diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is little information whether cardiac capillary supply is deranged in diabetes. Hyperglycaemia is a potent stimulus for endothelin-1 (ET-1) production. We therefore hypothesised that increased ET-1 production in Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes causes abnormalities of cardiac capillaries and the aorta. To this end we compared the effects of an ET receptor A blocker (ETA-RB) with that of an ACE-inhibitor (ACE-i) or their combination in rats with Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague Dawley rats were injected with 65 mg STZ i.v. and subsequently developed diabetes. Rats were left untreated or received daily either the ACE-i Trandolapril, the ETA-RB Darusentan or a combination of both. After 6 months the experiment was terminated and the heart and the aorta were investigated using quantitative morphological techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACE-i but not ETA-RB lowered blood pressure in STZ Type 1 diabetic rats. Capillary length density was lower in untreated STZ diabetic rats (2932+/-128 mm/mm3) compared to non-diabetic control rats (3410+/-252 mm/mm3). Treatment with ACE-i (3568+/-431 mm/mm3), but not with ETA-RB (2893+/-192 mm/mm3), prevented the decrease in capillary supply. Volume density of the myocardial interstitium was higher in untreated STZ diabetic rats (0.86+/-0.04%) compared to non-diabetic control rats (0.36+/-0.06%). In all three intervention groups the values were lower (ACE-i: 0.53+/-0.05%, ETA-RB: 0.7+/-0.08% and combination: 0.69+/-0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study identifies a capillary defect of the heart in STZ diabetes, i.e. decreased capillary supply. This abnormality was reversed by ACE-i, but not by ETA-R blockade. A similar trend, although not complete normalisation, was seen in cardiac fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Marie-Luise_Gross@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weckbach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Shakmak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Münter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amann
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005355:Fibrosis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D007211:Indoles; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C052035:trandolapril; C107831:darusentan