title: [Recurrent miscarriage].
abstract: Repetitive spontaneous first trimester miscarriage as well as second and third trimester in utero fetal death are considered as recurrent pregnancy losses. They represent 1% of all pregnancies. Repetitive fetal loss with alive fetus should also be counted as such. An explanation is found for less than 50% of such patients. Most recurrent first trimester fetal losses are of chromosomal, hormonal, immunological, uterine or environmental origin. The most frequent causes for in utero fetal death are renovascular syndromes, hormonal or immunological pathologies, hereditary thrombophilias, red cell or platelet allo-immunisation and chromosomal anomalies. Second trimester miscarriage is generally due to a cervical incompetence, uterine malformations or infections.
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Hôpital Tenon, 75970 Paris. nadia.berkane@tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berkane
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verstraete
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzan
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters