title: Gene expression in HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma--upregulation of a gene encoding a protein related to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate gene expression in HCV-associated human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) by identifying up- and down-regulated genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differential display RT-PCR was used to compare levels of gene expression in tumorous and non-tumorous tissues from the same livers. Differential expression was confirmed using a ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). The relative expression levels of one candidate gene were studied in various normal tissues and malignant cell lines using a multiple tissue expression (MTE) array. Further characterisation of this gene was carried out using nucleotide sequence analysis programmes and Northern hybridisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two differentially expressed cDNA fragments were identified and 29 were cloned, sequenced and compared with the nucleotide sequence database. RPA confirmed reproducibly that one particular cDNA was upregulated in the tumour cells. Analysis using the MTE array revealed that this selected candidate gene is expressed at high levels in various human tumour cell lines. The expression levels in HCV-associated HCC were higher than in other tumours. Investigation revealed that this novel gene lies on chromosome 17. The transcript is approximately 2.5 kb in size and encodes a protein similar to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ubiquitin system may be involved in HCV-related hepatocarcinogenesis and in the development of other cancers.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hepatology, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ghada M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: El-Nady
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes