title: Childhood Helicobacter pylori infection, clinical presentations, endoscopic, histologic features and results of treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study childhood Helicobacter pylori infection concerning the clinical presentations, endoscopic, histologic features and results of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study conducted at the Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (QSNICH) was done from January 1993 to December 2002. All patients presented with recurrent abdominal pain, upper GI bleeding (non-variceal bleeding) chronic vomiting and dyspeptic symptoms who underwent upper GI endoscopy were included in this study. Positive urease test verified by biopsied specimens from the gastric antrum and body and/or finding the organisms from the specimens were the criteria for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Clinical presentations, endoscopic, histologic features and results of treatment in H. pylori infected cases were described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 144 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy were included in the study. 22 out of 144 cases proved to be infected by H. pylori. Ages ranged from 2.6 to 14 years (mean age 9 years). The male/female ratio was 1:1.2. Vomiting and epigastric pain were the leading symptoms. Endoscopic findings were divided into inflammation in the stomach 12 cases, both stomach and duodenum 6 cases and duodenal ulcer 4 cases. Nodular hyperplasia of gastric antrum was found in 8 out of 22 cases. Histologic evidence of chronic gastritis was present in 12 cases, chronic gastroduodenitis 6 cases and chronic duodenitis in duodenal ulcer cases. Treatment regimen consisted of one H2 blocker (ranitidine) initially which was changed to omeprazole in 2001 combined with 2 antibiotics (amoxycillin and metronidazole) for 14 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study group represented middle and low income groups from around Bangkok and many parts of Thailand. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in the present study was 15.3 per cent which reflects that H. pylori infection is a common health problem in Thailand. However, because this was only a descriptive study, the authors cannot specify the association between symptoms, endoscopic findings, histologic features and disease.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Niyada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vithayasai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011899:Ranitidine; D009853:Omeprazole