title: Early impairment in consciousness predicts mortality after hemispheric ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early predictors of poor outcome after acute ischemic stroke may be useful in selecting patients for potentially beneficial but high-risk interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study of patients given placebo in a randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter trial at 139 U.S. and 14 Canadian hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 564 placebo-treated patients with major anterior circulation ischemic stroke enrolled in the Clomethiazole in Acute Stroke Study-Ischemic Stroke (CLASS-I) trial. Patients did not have significant impairment in consciousness at baseline and were enrolled within 12 hrs of symptom onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective data collection of a number of clinical variables including use of a 6-point level of consciousness scale (1 = awake, 6 = no reaction to pain) to measure patients' level of consciousness at enrollment and 12 additional times during the first 24 hrs after enrollment. The ability of level of consciousness score and additional clinical data to predict 30-day mortality was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 month, 114 of 564 patients (20%) had died. In univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with mortality included older age, white race, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, higher serum glucose, atrial fibrillation, and any impairment in level of consciousness (p <.05). After controlling for these factors, increasing level of consciousness score at 3 hrs after enrollment and at all but one subsequent time point was significantly associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 1.8 per point; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.6; p =.003 at 3-hr time point). Maximum level of consciousness score during the initial 24 hrs of monitoring also predicted mortality (odds ratio, 1.9 per point; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.5; p <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of a decreased level of consciousness within the initial hours after stroke onset, as evaluated by a simple six-point scale, is a powerful independent predictor of mortality after major anterior circulation ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Brett L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Cucchiara
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kasner
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Lyden
authors.forename: Volker A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Knappertz
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashwood
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odergren
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordlund
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003243:Consciousness; D003244:Consciousness Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors