title: A multilevel contextual model of neighborhood collective efficacy.
abstract: Different data sources were used to examine hypothesized relations among neighborhood-, family-, and individual-level variables, and perceptions of neighborhood collective efficacy. Data were from 1,105 individuals (56% female, 42% African American, and 58% White) nested within 55 neighborhoods and 392 families, analyzed within a multilevel design using a 3-level model. At the neighborhood level, the study examined relations between Census, police, and neighborhood representative indicators. At the family level, the model examined the influence of marital status and family income. At the individual level, gender and age were examined. Results indicated that age at the individual level, marital status at the family level, and poverty and perceived gang activity at the neighborhood level predicted levels of neighborhood collective efficacy. The study illustrated significant variation across neighborhoods and families, and demonstrates the utility of combining different sources of neighborhood data to examine relations of interest within a multilevel framework.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA. terryd@ori.org
authors.forename: Terry E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Hayrettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okut
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Strycker
authors.forename: Hollie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hix-Small
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D019352:Censuses; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015205:Northwestern United States; D011203:Poverty; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D012944:Social Support; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology