title: Bioconvertible vitamin antioxidants improve sunscreen photoprotection against UV-induced reactive oxygen species.
abstract: The ability of sunscreens and antioxidants to deactivate highly destructive reactive oxygen species in human skin has remained inconclusive. Two-photon fluorescence imaging microscopy was used to determine the effect of sunscreen/antioxidant combinations upon UV-induced ROS generation in ex vivo human skin. A sunscreen combination containing octylmethoxycinnamate (Parsol MCX) and avobenzone (Parsol 1789) at SPF 8 and SPF 15 was tested for its ability to prevent UV radiation from generating ROS in the viable epidermal strata of ex vivo human skin. A UV dose equivalent to two hours of North American solar UV was used to irradiate the skin. Each sunscreen reduced the amount of ROS induced in the viable strata by a value consistent with the SPF level. UV photons that were not absorbed/scattered by the sunscreen formulations generated ROS within the viable epidermal layers. The addition of the bioconvertible antioxidants vitamin E acetate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (STAY-C 50) improves photoprotection by converting to vitamins E and C, respectively, within the skin. The bioconversion forms an antioxidant reservoir that deactivates the ROS generated (within the strata granulosum, spinosum, and basale) by the UV photons that the sunscreens do not block in the stratum corneum.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Clegg
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D047188:Chalcones; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011427:Propiophenones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000592:standards*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014815:Vitamins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001565:Benzoates; D047188:Chalcones; D002934:Cinnamates; D011427:Propiophenones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014815:Vitamins; C118580:octylmethoxycinnamate; C049935:avobenzone