title: Nano-scale phase transformation in Ti-implanted austenitic 301 stainless steel.
abstract: Phase-transformation behaviours were investigated for austenitic 301 stainless steel during implantation at room temperature with 300 keV Ti ions to fluences of 8 x 10(19) to approximately 3 x 10(21) ions m(-2) by means of transmission electron microscopy. The cross-sectional specimen was prepared using a focused ion beam. Plan observation of the implanted specimen showed that phase transformation from gamma-phase to alpha-phase was induced by implantation to a fluence of 3 x 10(20) Ti ions m(-2). The nucleation of the irradiation (implantation)-induced phase increased with the increase of the dose. The orientation relationship between the gamma matrix and the induced alpha martensitic phase was identified as (011)alpha//(111)gamma and [11-1]alpha//[10-1], close to the Kurdjumov-Sachs relationship. Cross-sectional observation after implantation to a fluence of 5 x 10(20) ions m(-2) showed that phase transformation mostly nucleated near the surface and occurred in the higher the concentration gradient of the implanted ion, i.e. a higher stress concentration takes place and this stress introduced by the implanted ions acts as a driving force for the transformation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Research of Energy Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. gustiono@ufml.caret.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Dwi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gustiono
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Heishichiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi