title: Resin-modified glass ionomer, modified composite or conventional glass ionomer for band cementation?--an in vitro evaluation.
abstract: The aims of this study were to compare the mean shear-peel bond strength and predominant site of bond failure of micro-etched orthodontic bands cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Fuji Ortho LC or 3M Multi-Cure), a modified composite or a conventional GIC. The survival time of bands was also assessed following simulated mechanical stress in a ball mill. One hundred and twenty molar bands were cemented to extracted human third molars. Eighty bands (20 cemented with each cement) were used to assess the debonding force and 40 bands (10 cemented with each cement) were used to determine survival time. The specimens were prepared in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions for each cement. After storage in a humidor at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, the shear debonding force was assessed for each specimen using a Nene M3000 testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The predominant site of band failure was recorded visually for all specimens as either at the band/cement or cement/enamel interface. Survival time was assessed following application of mechanical stress in a ball mill. There was no significant difference in mean shear-peel bond strength between the cement groups (P = 0.816). The proportion of specimens failing at each interface differed significantly between cement groups (P < 0.001). The predominant site of bond failure for bands cemented with the RMGIC (Fuji Ortho LC) or the modified composite was at the enamel/cement interface, whereas bands cemented with 3M Multi-Cure failed predominantly at the cement/band interface. Conventional GIC specimens failed mostly at the enamel/cement interface. The mean survival time of bands cemented with either of the RMGICs or with the modified composite was significantly longer than for those cemented with the conventional GIC. The findings indicate that although there appears to be equivalence in the mean shear-peel bond strength of the band cements assessed, the fatigue properties of the conventional GIC when subjected to simulated mechanical stress seem inferior to those of the other cements for band cementation.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Unit, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, UK.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Millett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Letters
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Love
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002484:Cementation; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C433103:3M Multi-Cure; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C104870:Band-Lok; D003188:Composite Resins; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D019279:Resin Cements; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; C040235:Ketac-cem; D015034:Zinc Oxide