title: Left hemisphere dysfunction during verbal dichotic listening tests in patients who have social phobia with or without comorbid depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Behavioral, electrophysiological, and imaging studies have found evidence that anxiety disorders are associated with left hemisphere dysfunction or higher than normal activation of right hemisphere regions. Few studies, however, have examined hemispheric asymmetries of function in social phobia, and the influence of comorbidity with depressive disorders is unknown. The present study used dichotic listening tests to assess lateralized cognitive processing in patients with social phobia, depression, or comorbid social phobia and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a two-by-two factorial design in which one factor was social phobia (present versus absent) and the second factor was depressive disorder (present versus absent). A total of 125 unmedicated patients with social phobia, depressive disorder, or comorbid social phobia and depressive disorder and 44 healthy comparison subjects were tested on dichotic fused-words, consonant-vowel syllable, and complex tone tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with social phobia with or without a comorbid depressive disorder had a smaller left hemisphere advantage for processing words and syllables, compared with subjects without social phobia, whereas no difference between groups was found in the right hemisphere advantage for processing complex tones. Depressed women had a larger left hemisphere advantage for processing words, compared with nondepressed women, but this difference was not seen among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the hypothesis that social phobia is associated with dysfunction of left hemisphere regions mediating verbal processing. Given the importance of verbal processes in social interactions, this dysfunction may contribute to the stress and difficulty experienced by patients with social phobia in social situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopsychology, New York Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA. bruderg@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Gerard E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bruder
authors.forename: Franklin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Schneier
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quitkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004007:Dichotic Listening Tests; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D014825:Vocabulary