title: Role of primary sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area in volitional swallowing: a movement-related cortical potential study.
abstract: We investigated the role of the cerebral cortex, particularly the face/tongue area of the primary sensorimotor (SMI) cortex (face/tongue) and supplementary motor area (SMA), in volitional swallowing by recording movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs). MRCPs with swallowing and tongue protrusion were recorded from scalp electrodes in eight normal right-handed subjects and from implanted subdural electrodes in six epilepsy patients. The experiment by scalp EEG in normal subjects revealed that premovement Bereitschaftspotentials (BP) activity for swallowing was largest at the vertex and lateralized to either hemisphere in the central area. The experiment by epicortical EEG in patients confirmed that face/tongue SMI and SMA were commonly involved in swallowing and tongue protrusion with overlapping distribution and interindividual variability. BP amplitude showed no difference between swallowing and tongue movements, either at face/tongue SMI or at SMA, whereas postmovement potential (PMP) was significantly larger in tongue protrusion than in swallowing only at face/tongue SMI. BP occurred earlier in swallowing than in tongue protrusion. Comparison between face/tongue SMI and SMA did not show any difference with regard to BP and PMP amplitude or BP onset time in either task. The preparatory role of the cerebral cortex in swallowing was similar to that in tongue movement, except for earlier activation in swallowing. Postmovement processing of swallowing was lesser than that of tongue movement in face/tongue SMI; probably suggesting that the cerebral cortex does not play a significant role in postmovement processing of swallowing. SMA plays a supplementary role to face/tongue SMI both in swallowing and tongue movements.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurology, Kyoto Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satow
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tahamina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: Dinh Ha Duy
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thuy
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Yushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003265:Contingent Negative Variation; D003679:Deglutition; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009068:Movement; D012535:Scalp; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000503:physiopathology; D014836:Volition