title: Identification and sensory evaluation of volatile compounds in oxidized porcine liver.
abstract: Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to isolate the off-flavor volatile compounds, which are formed during the oxidation of porcine liver induced by iron. Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene fiber was used in the HS-SPME. Changes in the volatile compounds of oxidized porcine liver and unsaturated fatty acids induced by iron were examined. Results showed that 1-octen-3-one (metallic), hexanol (weak metallic), 1-octen-3-ol (mushroomlike), (E)-2-nonenal (cardboardlike), and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (fatty, oily) were the main contributors to the overall off-flavor of porcine liver. The results of the sensory evaluation revealed that oxidized arachidonic acid has a major impact on metallic and liverlike off-flavor and that when liverlike off-flavor is perceived, metallic is also included. Oxidized linolenic acid was the most important contributor to the objectionable fishy off-flavor. Oxidized porcine liver exhibited distinct metallic, liverlike, and weak fishy background notes. Liverlike flavor had a high correlation coefficient with odor characteristics such as metallic (0.839) and fishy (0.777). In this study, it was clearly observed that the stronger the metallic and fishy off-flavor the higher the perception of liverlike off-flavor.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Sungim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Fumiyo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013552:Swine; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile