title: Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based method to identify species-specific components in dog food.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is a relationship between species-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), especially canine and feline mtDNA, and detectable amounts of pentobarbital in previously analyzed dog food samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 dog food samples previously analyzed for pentobarbital (limit of detection, 1 microg/kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed on dog food samples by use of PCR primers specific for either canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, ovine, or poultry mtDNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCR amplicons specific for feline or canine mtDNA at a 0.007% (70 microg/g [wt/wt basis]) or 0.0007% (7 microg/g) level, respectively, were not found in the 31 dog food samples. Most of the 31 dog food samples had a PCR amplicon on PCR analysis when a PCR primer set capable of simultaneously detecting mtDNA of cows, pigs, sheep, goats, deer, elk, and horses was used. Results of PCR analysis by use of primers specific for bovine, swine, sheep and goat, or horse mtDNA revealed amplicons specific for bovine or swine mtDNA only in 27 of the 31 samples. Analysis of the remaining 4 samples failed to yield amplicons for any mammalian mtDNA. Pentobarbital was detected in 2 of these 4 samples. Results of PCR analysis correlated with the stated ingredient list for most, but not all samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because canine and feline mtDNA were not found in a set of retail dog food samples, these results indicate that the source of pentobarbital in dog food is something other than proteins from rendered pet remains.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Dorothy E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Haile F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yancy
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics*; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000032:analysis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D010424:Pentobarbital