title: Graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy for upper eyelid retraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A chief morbidity of Graves eye disease is upper eyelid retraction that results in exposure keratopathy and cosmetic deformity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of graded anterior blepharotomy to treat upper eyelid retraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty eyelids of 32 patients with Graves eye disease-associated upper eyelid retraction, causing symptomatic ocular exposure, were treated with graded, transcutaneous, full-thickness, anterior blepharotomy. Preoperative and postoperative ocular exposure symptoms, upper eyelid position, lagophthalmos, and keratopathy were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a mean +/- SD of 8.5 +/- 8.1 months' (range, 2-35 months) follow-up, more than 90% of preoperative symptoms resolved or improved. Upper eyelid position (P<.001), lagophthalmos (P<.001), and keratopathy (P<.01) were significantly improved. Mild contour abnormalities (all </=1 mm) occurred in 7 of 50 eyelids. Eyelid crease recession or asymmetry occurred in 4 of 22 patients with postoperative eyelid crease measurements. Complications of ptosis, wound dehiscence, and a full-thickness hole each occurred once. The mean +/- SD time taken to perform the procedure was 31.5 +/- 8.9 minutes per eyelid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graded anterior blepharotomy for upper eyelid retraction is a safe and highly effective surgery for upper eyelid retraction associated with symptomatic Graves eye disease. This technique achieves excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Elner
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Bartley R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Frueh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome