title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of an azithromycin controlled release dosage form in healthy human volunteers: a single dose study.
abstract: Azithromycin (AZI) follows a two-compartment model pharmacokinetically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of a controlled release (CR) formulation of AZI, which would eliminate the risk of high peak plasma concentrations obtained within 2-3 h after peroral administration of immediate release (IR) products. The study was conducted in twelve healthy male human volunteers to compare an experimental NIPER product (CR tablets) with Vicon (IR tablets) at the same dose level as a single-dose, randomized, one-period, two-treatment, and parallel-study. Concentrations of AZI in serum samples were assessed using the validated HPLC method. From the serum concentration-time profiles various pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC(0-96), AUC(0-inf), C(max) and T(max)) were calculated for both products. Results showed that the high peak concentration obtained by administration of a conventional IR formulation were eliminated with the CR product. A mean dosage form index (DI) of 1.17 with fluctuations of 7.57% was obtained with the CR product at steady state level, indicating reduced fluctuations at the steady state serum concentrations. Elimination of the pronounced peak as well as fluctuations reduced or minimized AZI adverse effects associated with the IR product.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Chaman Lal
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panchagnula
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D013607:Tablets; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D013607:Tablets; D017963:Azithromycin