title: Muscle strength after resistance training is inversely correlated with baseline levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in the oldest old.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that physical exercise induces an antiinflammatory response that is associated with reduced chronic activation of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha system in frail elders and that the increase in muscle strength after resistance training is limited by systemic low-grade inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-week controlled resistance-training study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nursing homes in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one frail nursing home residents aged 86 to 95 completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten participants were randomized to a program of resistance training of knee extensors and flexors three times a week for 12 weeks; the remaining 11 participants served as a control group who joined social activities supervised by an occupation therapist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle strength, plasma levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)-1, and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured before and at the end of the intervention period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The training program improved muscle strength but did not affect plasma levels of TNF-alpha and sTNFR-I or IL-6. However, plasma levels of sTNFR-I at baseline were inversely correlated with the increase in muscle strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-grade activation of the TNF system could limit the increase in muscle strength after resistance training in the oldest old. Furthermore, data suggest that the antiinflammatory response induced by 12 weeks of resistance training is not sufficient to reduce chronic activation of the TNF system, but the small sample size limited this interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hovedstadens Sygehusfćlleskab, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. hellebkemp@os.dk
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruunsgaard
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bjerregaard
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schroll
authors.forename: Bente Klarlund
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha