title: Duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether vaccinated dogs either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination for 5 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serologic survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  322 healthy client-owned dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were > or = 2 years old and vaccinated against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1), canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), and canine parvovirus (CPV). On day 0, dogs were revaccinated with a vaccine from the same vaccine line as they had historically received. Antibody titers were measured in sera collected at day 0 (prevaccination titer) and 5 to 7 days later (postvaccination titer). Dogs were considered to have responded serologically if they had a day-0 serum neutralization titer to CDV > or = 1:32; a serum neutralization titer to CAV-1, CAV-2, or CPIV > or = 1:16; a hemagglutination inhibition titer to CPV > or = 1:80; or a > or = 4-fold increase in antibody titer after revaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of dogs that had titers at or greater than the threshold values or responded to revaccination with a > or = 4-fold increase in titer was 98.1% for CDV, 98.4% for CAV-1, 99.0% for CAV-2, 100% for CPIV, and 98.1% for CPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most dogs, vaccination induced a response that lasted up to and beyond 48 months for all 5 antigens. Although not equivalent to challenge-of-immunity studies as a demonstration of efficacy, results suggest that revaccination with the same vaccine provides adequate protection even when given less frequently than the traditional 1-year interval. The study provides valuable information for clinicians to help determine appropriate revaccination intervals.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medicine Biologicals Research and Development, Pfizer Animal Health, Pfizer Inc, 7000 Portage Rd, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mouzin
authors.forename: Marianne J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Haworth
authors.forename: Vickie L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D007117:Immunization, Secondary / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines