title: The effect of caudal bupivacaine versus tramadol in post-operative analgesia for paediatric patients.
abstract: In this study 20 paediatric surgical patients were randomized to two groups after induction of general anaesthesia. Group 1 received 0.25% bupivacaine (2 mg/kg) and group 2 received 5% tramadol (2 mg/kg) both as a caudal block. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and pain and sedation scores were recorded at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h post-operatively. Acetaminophen was administered rectally (20 mg/kg) if the pain score was > 3/10. The pain and sedation scores in group 2 were significantly lower compared with group 1. There were no significant differences in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen saturation and respiratory rate between the two groups. In conclusion, caudal tramadol was superior to bupivacaine in analgesic efficacy and in reducing the need for additional analgesia during the post-operative period in paediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. sezaiozkan@superonline.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poçan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahar
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gökben
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D014147:Tramadol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000082:Acetaminophen; D014147:Tramadol; D002045:Bupivacaine