title: Mutations of the rpoB gene in rifampicin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the mechanism of rifampicin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rifampicin resistance was investigated with respect to the rpoB gene in 23 invasive S. pneumoniae isolates collected from 1996 to 2001. PCR and molecular typing were used for genetic and epidemiological analyses. Transformation was used to determine the functional gene for resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two of 23 isolates carried at least one mutation at either cluster I or III of rpoB; the most frequent mutation found in 21 isolates (91%) was histidine (H499) to asparagine or tyrosine at position 499, followed by isoleucine to valine (I624V) at position 624 in 16 isolates (70%), tyrosine to phenylalanine (Y589F) at position 589 in 14 isolates (60.9%) and isoleucine to valine (I608V) at position 608 in 13 isolates (56.5%). Less-frequent mutations were also identified: D489V, R597F, N623E, N623S, N669D, Q671K, Y674F and A683V. High-level rifampicin resistance was observed in isolates with a mutation at position 499 or 489. Mutations other than at position 499 or 489 played little role in or had no relation to rifampicin resistance. No dominant epidemic strain was observed with ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, or serotyping.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rifampicin resistance among multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae in Taiwan was mostly caused by rpoB mutations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan. lksiu@mail.nhri.org.tw
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chang-Phone
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Feng-Yee
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Li-Yueh
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jen-Chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C483832:rpoB protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D012293:Rifampin