title: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial of anterior lumbar interbody fusion using a titanium cylindrical threaded fusion device.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing a cylindrical threaded titanium cage to a femoral ring allograft control for anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare these two implants with regard to arthrodesis. Secondary outcome measures included pain relief, neurological status, and general health status.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Anterior lumbar interbody fusion is a well-accepted procedure using trapezoidal femoral ring allografts or cylindrical titanium cages. Clinical and biomechanical studies evaluating these two distinct constructs are numerous; however, no prospective, randomized study comparing them has been done.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter trial of 140 patients: 78 were randomized to the cylindrical threaded titanium cage device treatment arm and 62 patients randomized into the control group. All had autogenous iliac crest bone graft packed into the device. All patients had a single-level stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion at either the L4-L5 or L5-S1 interspace for symptomatic degenerative disc disease. Radiographic fusion data were collected as well as multiple types of outcome data, including pain/disability scores, neurologic status, and overall health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months, 97% of the cylindrical threaded titanium cage device group and 40% of the control group demonstrated radiographic fusion. At 24 months, 97% of the cylindrical threaded titanium cage group and 52% of the control group showed radiographic fusion. These fusion rate differences are statistically significant (P < 0.001). The Oswestry and neurologic scores were not significantly different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial that compares fusion cage results to control data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cylindrical threaded titanium cages have a higher fusion rate, comparable improvements in clinical outcome (Oswestry, Low Back Pain Questionnaire, SF-36), and fewer secondary supplemental fixation procedures compared to the femoral ring allograft control.
authors.affiliation: Indiana Spine Group, Indianapolis, Indiana 46260, USA. rsasso@on-net.net
authors.forename: Rick C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sasso
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kitchel
authors.forename: Edgar G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium