title: The effect of class-specific protease inhibitors on the stabilization of B-type natriuretic peptide in human plasma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a cardiac hormone that regulates hemodynamic equilibrium. In the circulation, its activity is controlled by proteolytic factors. Accurate measurement of BNP in a patient's plasma may be affected by degradation due to proteolysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report on the identification and performance of classes of protease inhibitors that stabilize BNP in plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Bayer ADVIA Centaur BNP assay, we measured the effect of arginine, serine and/or specific kallikrein protease inhibitors (PIs) on exogenous spiked or endogenous BNP in patient plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls without inhibitor, all PIs were capable, to varying degrees, of retarding the rate of proteolytic degradation. The kallikrein-specific inhibitor, D-Phe-Phe-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK II) was most effective as a single constituent and was able to eliminate BNP degradation in patient samples for up to 6-10 days when stored at 2-8 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stability of BNP was markedly increased in the presence of kallikrein-specific PPACK II and a broad spectrum of serine PIs. Use of these compounds offers a simple method of extending sample handling and storage of plasma samples containing BNP.
authors.affiliation: Bayer Healthcare LLC, Diagnostics Division, Laboratory Testing Segment, Research and Development, 511 Benedict Avenue, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA. alexander.belenky.b@bayer.com
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belenky
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Normand
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Despres
authors.forename: Alan H B
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Bluestein
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000976:Antipain / Q000494:pharmacology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D007976:Leupeptins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000976:Antipain; D007610:Kallikreins; C032854:leupeptin