title: Effect of patient sex on intensive care unit survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human observations have shown different mortality rates between men and women with various pathological conditions, but this issue has not been widely studied in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a mixed medical-surgical, 31-bed intensive care unit (ICU) during 2 different years (1983 and 1995) to evaluate possible differences in mortality between male and female patients and between medical and surgical admissions and variations in these differences over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 4420 admissions (1587 women, 2833 men), women showed a higher mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.38). This pattern was the same for the 2 periods, and all patient data were therefore analyzed together. After age stratification, the differences were significant for female patients older than 50 years (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12-1.58) but not in the younger age group. The subgroup of medical admissions had a higher mortality (24.4% vs 7.4%, P<.001) and a higher female proportion (37.9% vs 34.2%, P =.01) than surgical admissions. In multivariate analysis, female sex remained an important predictor of mortality (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25-1.89). Women had a higher mortality than men in the subgroup of cardiovascular diseases. The highest mortality in female patients was present in the first days after admission and decreased over time, showing a covariance of time and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a mixed medical-surgical ICU, older women have a higher mortality rate than men. This difference is not apparent for patients staying longer in the ICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Romo
authors.forename: André Carlos Kajdacsy-Balla
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001530:Belgium; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate