title: A multi-model approach to nucleic acid-based drug development.
abstract: With the advent of functional genomics and the shift of interest towards sequence-based therapeutics, the past decades have witnessed intense research efforts on nucleic acid-mediated gene regulation technologies. Today, RNA interference is emerging as a groundbreaking discovery, holding promise for development of genetic modulators of unprecedented potency. Twenty-five years after the discovery of antisense RNA and ribozymes, gene control therapeutics are still facing developmental difficulties, with only one US FDA-approved antisense drug currently available in the clinic. Limited predictability of target site selection models is recognized as one major stumbling block that is shared by all of the so-called complementary technologies, slowing the progress towards a commercial product. Currently employed in vitro systems for target site selection include RNAse H-based mapping, antisense oligonucleotide microarrays, and functional screening approaches using libraries of catalysts with randomized target-binding arms to identify optimal ribozyme/DNAzyme cleavage sites. Individually, each strategy has its drawbacks from a drug development perspective. Utilization of message-modulating sequences as therapeutic agents requires that their action on a given target transcript meets criteria of potency and selectivity in the natural physiological environment. In addition to sequence-dependent characteristics, other factors will influence annealing reactions and duplex stability, as well as nucleic acid-mediated catalysis. Parallel consideration of physiological selection systems thus appears essential for screening for nucleic acid compounds proposed for therapeutic applications. Cellular message-targeting studies face issues relating to efficient nucleic acid delivery and appropriate analysis of response. For reliability and simplicity, prokaryotic systems can provide a rapid and cost-effective means of studying message targeting under pseudo-cellular conditions, but such approaches also have limitations. To streamline nucleic acid drug discovery, we propose a multi-model strategy integrating high-throughput-adapted bacterial screening, followed by reporter-based and/or natural cellular models and potentially also in vitro assays for characterization of the most promising candidate sequences, before final in vivo testing.
authors.affiliation: Virology Platform, Industrialization and Process Development, AVENTIS PASTEUR, Marcy l'Etoile, France. Isabelle.Gautherot@aventis.com
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gautherot
authors.forename: Regís
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sodoyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009696:Nucleic Acids