TRPV4 calcium entry channel: a paradigm for gating diversity.
The vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1, now TRPV1) was the founding member of a subgroup of cation channels within the TRP family. The TRPV subgroup contains six mammalian members, which all function as Ca2+ entry channels gated by a variety of physical and chemical stimuli. TRPV4, which displays 45% sequence identity with TRPV1, is characterized by a surprising gating promiscuity: it is activated by hypotonic cell swelling, heat, synthetic 4alpha-phorbols, and several endogenous substances including arachidonic acid (AA), the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-AG, and cytochrome P-450 metabolites of AA, such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. This review summarizes data on TRPV4 as a paradigm of gating diversity in this subfamily of Ca2+ entry channels.
Nilius
Bernd
B
Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Bernd.Nilius@med.kuleuven.ac.be
Vriens
Joris
J
Prenen
Jean
J
Droogmans
Guy
G
Voets
Thomas
T
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels
D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C416986:TRPV4 protein, human; D002118:Calcium