Effects of chlorine on the decrease of estrogenic chemicals.
The effects of chlorination on the elimination of three estrogenic chemicals such as 17beta-estradiol, nonylphenol and bis-phenol A were investigated using yeast two-hybrid assay (YTA), estrogen receptor (ER) competition assay (ER-CA), and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The results of YTA, ER-CA and the analysis of LC/MS indicated that the estrogenic activity of the above-mentioned three endocrine disruptors were significantly reduced as a result of chlorination. The decrease in estrogenic activity paralleled a decrease in estrogenic chemicals under the influence of free chlorine. One common characteristic of estrogenic chemicals is the presence of a phenolic ring. Considering that a phenolic ring is likely to undergo some sort of transformation in an aqueous chlorination solution, the above-mentioned results may be applied to the rest of the estrogenic chemicals in natural waters.
Lee
Byoung-Cheun
BC
Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
Kamata
Motoyuki
M
Akatsuka
Yasushi
Y
Takeda
Makoto
M
Ohno
Koichi
K
Kamei
Tasuku
T
Magara
Yasumoto
Y
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001681:Biological Assay; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004958:Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002713:Chlorine; D004958:Estradiol; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds