title: Liver harvesting surgical technique for the treatment of retro-hepatic caval thrombosis concomitant to renal cell carcinoma: perioperative and long-term results in 15 patients without mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical surgical treatment improves the prognosis of patients affected by Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) thrombosis concomitant to renal carcinoma. However, thrombus extension above the infrahepatic IVC represents a major technical topic for surgeons because of the possible occurrence of uncontrollable haemorrhages and tumor fragmentation. We report the results of an innovative surgical approach to caval thrombosis including the isolation of the IVC from the liver as routinely performed during liver harvesting. In the presence of retro-hepatic IVC thrombosis, this technique improves vascular control and allows to perform a large cavotomy with an en-bloc removal of the thrombus and the tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1995 through June 2003, 15 patients with renal cancer and caval thrombosis were treated at our Institution. Four, ten and one patients were respectively affected by an infrahepatic (Level I), retro-hepatic (Level II) and atrial (Level III) IVC thrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent radical surgical treatment. In presence of Level II caval thrombosis, the patients underwent the above reported surgical technique. Perioperative mortality was absent; major morbidity occurred in one patient (6.7%). The thrombus was radically removed in all cases. After a mean follow-up of 53.9 months (5-100 months) all patients but one are still alive. One patient died 9 months after surgery with multiple bilateral pulmonary metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolation of the retro-hepatic IVC is a safe and effective manoeuvre to significantly reduce perioperative mortality and morbidity in patients affected by Level II caval thrombosis concomitant to renal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, "Regina Elena" Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallucci
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Borzomati
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flammia
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Albino
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caricato
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vincenzi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berloco
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior