title: Impact of pharmacodynamics on dosing of macrolides, azalides, and ketolides.
abstract: The study of pharmacodynamics characterizes the relationship between changing drug concentrations over time and antimicrobial and toxicologic effects and thereby offers a targeted approach to the design of dosing regimens for many antimicrobials. Distinct patterns of antimicrobial dynamics have been elucidated from these relationships and pharmacodynamic parameters (peak-MIC, AUC-MIC, T > MIC) have been used to quantify antimicrobial effects in relation to drug exposure. These relationships can be used to predict efficacy of a given dosing regimen. The accuracy of these predictions is influenced, in part, by the completeness of the model in which they are studied. This article discusses various in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical data that have contributed to the understanding of pharmacodynamics of the macrolides, azalides, and ketolides.
authors.affiliation: Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, 80 Seymout Street, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06102, USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maglio
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nightingale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008954:Models, Biological; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents