title: Genes associated with liver metastasis of colon cancer, identified by genome-wide cDNA microarray.
abstract: To uncover mechanisms underlying progression of colorectal carcinogenesis and to identify genes associated with liver metastasis, we analyzed expression profiles of 14 primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) with liver metastases, and compared them with profiles of 11 non-metastatic carcinomas and those of 9 adenomas of the colon. A hierarchical cluster analysis using data from a cDNA microarray containing 23,040 genes indicated that the cancers with metastasis had different expression profiles from those without metastasis, although a number of genes were commonly up-regulated in primary cancers of both categories. We documented 54 genes that were frequently up-regulated and 375 that were frequently down-regulated in primary tumors with metastases to liver, but not in tumors without metastasis. Subsequent quantitative PCR experiments confirmed that PRDX4, CKS2, MAGED2, and an EST (GenBank accession number BF696304) were expressed at significantly higher levels in tumors with metastasis. These data should contribute to a better understanding of the progression of colorectal tumors, and facilitate prediction of their metastatic potential.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Meihua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Toyomasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation