title: Orthopaedic intervention in early rheumatoid arthritis. Occurrence and predictive factors in an inception cohort of 1064 patients followed for 5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the occurrence of and predictive factors for orthopaedic surgery in an inception cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients recruited and followed prospectively for 5 yr in nine regions in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard clinical, laboratory and radiological assessments and all interventions were recorded at baseline and yearly in RA patients (less than 2 yrs symptoms) prior to the use of disease-modifying drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand and sixty-four patients completed 5 yr of follow-up. Two hundred and sixty-four orthopaedic procedures for RA were performed in 181 (17%) patients at a median of 36.5 months from baseline. Seventy-five (7%) had replacements of major joints. Risk factors at baseline for large joint replacement surgery were a low haemoglobin concentration [odds ratio scores (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-5.8] and high scores for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR 3.2, CI 1.8-5.3), disease activity (DAS) (OR 2.1, CI 1.2-3.5) and Larsen X-rays (OR 2.6, CI 1.4-4.8). For hand or foot joint surgery (4%), risk factors included female gender (OR 3.2, CI 1.3-7.6), joint score (OR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.3), erosions (OR 2.3, CI 1.1-4.8), DAS (OR 2.4, 1.3-4.5) and Health Assessment Questionnaire score (OR 1.9, CI 1.0-3.6). No significant associations were seen for tendon, soft tissue or other minor procedures (6%). The HLA-DRB1 RA shared epitope was associated with any type of orthopaedic surgery (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eleven per cent of RA patients treated with conventional drug therapy for 5 yr underwent large- or small-joint surgery, an outcome which could be compared against that for new disease-modifying drugs. Risk factors varied according to type of surgery, but included standard clinical and laboratory measures. In order to reduce the eventual need for surgery, a therapeutic target in the first year of RA is the suppression of disease activity, as measured by haemoglobin and ESR. These are useful details for clinicians, health professionals and patients.
authors.affiliation: Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kulinskaya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ollier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dixey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis