title: In vitro evaluation of a moisture-active adhesive for indirect bonding.
abstract: The aim of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate bond strength for a cyanoacrylate adhesive in combination with an indirect bonding technique. Eighty bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly divided into four groups of 20 teeth each. The influence of two factors on shear bond strength was investigated: (1) type of adhesive (Smartbond cyanoacrylate, Sondhi Rapid Set composite sealant) and (2) time of debonding (30 minutes and 24 hours after bonding). Stainless steel mesh-based brackets were used. Although, bond strength was not significantly different for the two debonding time periods, significantly lower bond strength measurements were found for the cyanoacrylate adhesive (P < .001). The mean bond strength for the cyanoacrylate adhesive group was 5.44 +/- 1.65 MPa for debonding 30 minutes and 6.92 +/- 1.48 MPa for debonding 24 hours after the bonding procedure vs 16.16 +/- 5.25 MPa and 14.98 +/- 2.85 MPa for the composite adhesive groups debonded at 30 minutes and 24 hours, respectively. The Weibull analysis indicated that there was an increased risk of bond failure at clinically relevant levels of stress for indirect bonding with the cyanoacrylate adhesive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. klocke@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klocke
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bärbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kahl-Nieke
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bismayer
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C449140:Smartbond; C477791:Sondhi Indirect Bonding Resin; D014867:Water