title: Dual-regulated expression of C/EBP-alpha and BMP-2 enables differential differentiation of C2C12 cells into adipocytes and osteoblasts.
abstract: CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) as well as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play essential roles in mammalian cell differentiation in shaping adipogenic and osteoblastic lineages in particular. Recent evidence suggested that adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common mesenchymal precursor cell phenotype. Yet, the molecular details underlying the decision of adipocyte versus osteoblast differentiation as well as the involvement of C/EBPs and BMPs remains elusive. We have engineered C2C12 cells for dual-regulated expression of human C/EBP-alpha and BMP-2 to enable independent transcription control of both differentiation factors using clinically licensed antibiotics of the streptogramin (pristinamycin) and tetracycline (tetracycline) classes. Differential as well as coordinated expression of C/EBP-alpha and BMP-2 revealed that (i) C/EBP-alpha may differentiate C2C12 myoblasts into adipocytes as well as osteoblasts, (ii) BMP-2 prevents myotube differentiation, (iii) is incompetent in differentiating C2C12 into osteoblasts and (iv) even decreases C/EBP-alpha's osteoblast-specific differentiation potential but (v) cooperates with C/EBP-alpha on adipocyte differentiation, (vi) osteoblast formation occurs at low C/EBP-alpha levels while adipocyte-specific differentiation requires maximum C/EBP-alpha expression and that (vii) BMP-2 may bias the C/EBP-alpha-mediated adipocyte versus osteoblast differentiation switch towards fat cell formation. Dual-regulated expression technology enabled precise insight into combinatorial effects of two key differentiation factors involved in adipocyte/osteoblast lineage control which could be implemented in rational reprogramming of multipotent cells into desired cell phenotypes tailored for gene therapy and tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hoenggerberg, HPT D74, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fux
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mitta
authors.forename: Beat P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fussenegger
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D013752:Tetracycline