title: Topical application of FK506 (tacrolimus) ointment inhibits mite antigen-induced dermatitis by local action in NC/Nga mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  FK506 ointment (tacrolimus ointment, protopic) is a new drug therapeutically effective for patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the mechanism of action of FK506 ointment on AD is not fully understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of FK506 ointment on mite antigen-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Clinical symptoms and ear thickness were recorded, and histopathological studies and in vitro analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topical application of FK506 ointment (0.03-0.3%) suppressed the development of dermatitis. In the lesional skin, both interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were detected, even though the IL-4+/IFN-gamma- T helper 2 (Th2) population was predominant in the regional lymph nodes (LNs). Topical application of FK506 treatment reduced the elevated level of both IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the skin, but did not decrease the expansion of the Th2 population in the LNs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical application of FK506 ointment suppresses dermatitis by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory cells locally, without systemic immune suppression, in this AD model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan. tatsuya_sasakawa@po.fujisawa.co.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasakawa
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasakawa
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Seitaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutoh
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016559:Tacrolimus