title: [Raynaud's phenomenon in children].
abstract: Raynaud's phenomenon has been described more than 140 years ago, its prevalence in the general population is high, and yet the underlying pathological mechanisms are only partly understood. In children, female preponderance has been reported, as it is also the case in adults, and the disease usually starts after the age of 10. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis, in particular with erythromelalgia, are usually made through patient's or parent's interrogatory. It is important to distinguish primary Raynaud's phenomenon, which is usually benign, from Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to connective tissue disease. To this regard, nailfold capillaroscopy is of great help, as may be more recently introduced techniques such as thermography and digital blood pressure response to cooling. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon usually only requires simple physical measures (avoidance of exposure to coldness, gloves in winter, ...) plus sometimes oral calcium blockers. By contrast, Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to connective tissue disease requires systemic investigations, assessment and treatment of the underlying disease and, in some cases, more aggressive treatments such as intravenous carboprostacyclin (Iloprost).
authors.affiliation: Unité d'immunologie-hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France. quartier@necker.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quartier
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C026678:carboprostacyclin; D011464:Epoprostenol