title: Pyruvate limits zinc-induced rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death.
abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests that excessive Zn2+ release plays a key role in inducing neuronal death during central nervous system injury. However, the possible cytotoxicity of extracellular Zn2+ to oligodendrocyte lineage cells remains unknown. Employing cultures of rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), we report here that OPC are vulnerable to increased extracellular Zn2+ levels and that pyruvate limits Zn2+-induced OPC death. Zn2+-induced concentration-dependent (pEC50 = -4.1 +/- 0.1) OPC death, which was insensitive to both alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (Evans Blue) and l-type Ca2+ channel (nicardipine) inhibition. Neither kainate nor nicardipine influenced OPC 65Zn2+ accumulation, in contrast with the Zn2+ ionophore, pyrithione. Cytotoxic extracellular Zn2+ concentrations failed to increase OPC reactive oxygen species production and the antioxidant reagents, trolox, N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone did not afford significant protection from Zn2+ insults. The apoptotic inducer staurosporine induced the appearance of known apoptotic markers [pyknotic nuclei and caspase-3 specific (120 kDa) alpha-fodrin cleavage fragment], events not reproduced with Zn2+ insults. Zn2+ insults were also insensitive to the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. However, pyruvate afforded significant OPC protection from lethal Zn2+ insults. We conclude that cultured OPC are vulnerable to Zn2+ insults, via a nonoxidative stress and noncaspase-3-based mechanism, involving Zn2+ inhibition of OPC glycolysis.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Eve E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kelland
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Nick J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Toms
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D015032:Zinc