title: Modulation of nerve growth factor-induced activation of MAP kinase in PC12 cells by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: Nerve growth factor (NGF) increases expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isozymes leading to enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). NOS inhibitors attenuate NGF-mediated increases in cholinergic gene expression and neurite outgrowth. Mechanisms underlying this are unknown, but the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway plays an important role in NGF signaling. Like NGF, NO donors activate Ras leading to phosphorylation of MAP kinase. The present study investigated the role of NO in NGF-mediated activation of MAP kinase in PC12 cells. Cells were treated with 50 ng/mL NGF to establish the temporal pattern for rapid and sustained activation phases of MAP kinase kinase (MEK)-1/2 and p42/p44-MAP kinase. Subsequently, cells were pretreated with NOS inhibitors Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methylester and s-methylisothiourea and exposed to NGF for up to 24 h. NGF-induced activation of MEK-1/2 and p42/p44-MAP kinase was not dependent on NO, but sustained phosphorylation of MAP kinase was modulated by NO. This modulation did not occur at the level of Ras-Raf-MEK signaling or require activation of cGMP/PKG pathway. NOS inhibitors did not affect NGF-mediated phosphorylation of MEK. Expression of constitutively active-MEKK1 in cells led to phosphorylation of p42/p44-MAP kinase and robust neurite outgrowth; constitutively active-MKK1 also caused differentiation with neurite extension. NOS inhibitor treatment of cells expressing constitutively active kinases did not affect MAP kinase activation, but neurite outgrowth was attenuated. NOS inhibitors did not alter NGF-mediated nuclear translocation of phospho-MAP kinase, but phosphorylated kinases disappeared more rapidly from NOS inhibitor-treated cells suggesting greater phosphatase activity and termination of sustained activation of MAP kinase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Bettina E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kalisch
authors.forename: C Shaun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Demeris
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishak
authors.forename: R Jane
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rylett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007550:Isothiuronium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007550:Isothiuronium; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C027744:S-methylisothiopseudouronium; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester