Roles of the semaphorin family in immune regulation.
The immune system and the nervous system have distinct roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis. These independent systems, however, influence each other while sharing common resources, including the cytokines and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Semaphorins are one of these shared molecular families that are biologically active in both systems. Although semaphorins were originally identified as axon guidance factors functioning in the nervous system, recent studies have uncovered additional immunological functions. For example, ligand-receptor systems distinct from those characterized in the nervous system govern class IV semaphorin, CD100/Sema4D and Sema4A activity in immune responses. This review provides an overview of the currently emerging immunoregulatory functions of "Immuno-semaphorins."
Kumanogoh
Atsushi
A
Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Kikutani
Hitoshi
H
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; C093224:CD100 antigen; C064228:CD72 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D039961:Semaphorins