title: Immunoprophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
abstract: Antiretroviral therapy can profoundly reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, but the drugs have a relatively short half-life and should thus be administered throughout breast-feeding to optimally prevent postnatal infection of the infant. The potential toxicities and the development of resistance may limit the long-term efficacy of antiretroviral prophylaxis, and a safe and effective active/passive immunoprophylaxis regimen, begun at birth, and potentially overlapping with interpartum or neonatal chemoprophylaxis, would pose an attractive alternative. This review draws on data presented at the Ghent Workshop on prevention of breast milk transmission and on selected issues from a workshop specifically relating to immunoprophylaxis held in Seattle in October 2002. This purpose of this review is to address the scientific rationale for the development of passive (antibody) and active (vaccine) immunization strategies for prevention of MTCT. Data regarding currently or imminently available passive and active immunoprophylaxis products are reviewed for their potential use in neonatal trials within the coming 1-2 years.
authors.affiliation: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Safrit
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrantelli
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Moiz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitabwalla
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Rompay
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marthas
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haigwood
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mascola
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luzuriaga
authors.forename: Samuel Adeniyi
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mathieson
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Newell
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies