title: The dilemma of occupational rhinitis: management options.
abstract: Occupational rhinitis is a common heterogeneous group of inflammatory conditions in the nose, caused by exposure to airborne irritants and sensitizers in the occupational environment. The mechanism can be allergic, neurogenic or toxic. Data from several epidemiologic studies indicate that animal dander, organic dusts, latex and chemicals can cause occupational rhinitis, but because of methodological problems as well as weaknesses in the definition of occupational rhinitis, occupational exposure is probably an underestimated cause of rhinitis. The effect of rhinitis on the mental aspects of quality of life and substantial costs due to loss of productivity make it important to diagnose and treat occupational rhinitis. Diagnosis relies on a history of exposure, skin prick testing and, if possible, nasal provoacation. Avoidance of exposure, protective measures at the workplace and medical treatment, with agents such as second generation antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids, can make it possible to avoid progress of the disease from rhinitis to asthma. The efficacies of montelukast, a leukotrienne receptor antagonist, and omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody in the treatment of occupational rhinitis are yet to be evaluated
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Johan.Hellgren@orlss.gu.se
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellgren
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torén
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010328:Patch Tests; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists