title: The use of dyes in modern biomedicine.
abstract: The discovery of the aniline dyes in the 19th century and contemporary investigation of their use as biological stains by scientists such as Koch and Ehrlich led to the idea of selectivity and formed the basis of modern chemotherapy; several of these dyes remain in pharmacopoeias. While the development of therapeutics has tended to avoid colored compounds due to unwanted coloration, the modern application of photosensitizing dyes, both in the fields of cancer therapy and anti-infection, depends on this phenomenon. In addition, the fluorescence of some anticancer photosensitizers allows their use as tumor localizing agents, which is particularly useful in precancerous conditions. It is also fitting that dyes employed in Ehrlich's original studies, such as the phenothiazinium dye, methylene blue, are now in clinical use for disinfecting donated blood products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colour Chemistry, The University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. ccdmw@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wainwright
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents