title: Post-transcriptional regulation of the E/Daughterless ortholog HLH-2, negative feedback, and birth order bias during the AC/VU decision in C. elegans.
abstract: The anchor cell/ventral uterine precursor cell (AC/VU) decision in Caenorhabditis elegans is a canonical example of lin-12/Notch-mediated lateral specification. Two initially equivalent cells interact via the receptor LIN-12 and its ligand LAG-2, so that one becomes the AC and the other a VU. During this interaction, feedback loops amplify a small difference in lin-12 activity, limiting lin-12 transcription to the presumptive VU and lag-2 transcription to the presumptive AC. Here, we find that hlh-2 appears to be required for the VU fate and directly activates lag-2 transcription in the presumptive AC. HLH-2 appears to accumulate selectively in the presumptive AC prior to differential transcription of lin-12 or lag-2, and is therefore the earliest detectable difference between the two cells undergoing the AC/VU decision. The restricted accumulation of HLH-2 to the presumptive AC reflects post-transcriptional down-regulation of HLH-2 in the presumptive VU. Our observations suggest that hlh-2 is regulated as part of the negative feedback that down-regulates lag-2 transcription in the presumptive VU. Finally, we show that the AC/VU decision in an individual hermaphrodite is biased by the relative birth order of the two cells, so that the first-born cell is more likely to become the VU. We propose models to suggest how birth order, HLH-2 accumulation, and transcription of lag-2 may be linked during the AC/VU decision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Xantha
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Greenwald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014599:Uterus / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C082460:Lin-12 protein, C elegans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051880:Receptors, Notch; C086488:lag-2 protein, C elegans