title: A low incidence of positive surgical margins in prostate cancer at high risk of extracapsular extension after a modified anterograde radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of positive surgical margins (and associated risk factors) in patients with localized prostate cancer at high preoperative risk of extracapsular disease treated using a modified anterograde radical retropubic prostatectomy technique. Positive surgical margins are an important risk factor for disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy, particularly in patients with extracapsular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 84 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and a preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level > 10 ng/mL and/or a biopsy Gleason score > or = 7 were evaluated. The surgical technique allows easy, wide resection of the posterolateral prostatic pedicles, and good mobilization and exposure of the apex before the urethra transection. Prostatectomy specimens were examined for extracapsular tumour spread and positive surgical margins. Differences in putative risk factors (Gleason score, preoperative PSA level, prostate weight) between the positive- and negative-margin groups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 11 of the 84 (13%) patients had positive surgical margins and of these a single site was involved in six. In total, 15 positive-margin sites were identified (five apical, four basal, three posterolateral, two anterior and one posterior). All patients with positive margins had histological extracapsular disease. The preoperative PSA level and Gleason score were significantly higher in the positive- than in the negative-margin group (P = 0.025 and 0.035, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anterograde radical prostatectomy minimizes the incidence of positive surgical margins in patients at high risk of extracapsular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nesi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen