title: SNAP-23 functions in docking/fusion of granules at low Ca2+.
abstract: Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules mediates the release of hormones from endocrine cells and neurons. The plasma membrane protein synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is thought to be a key component of the membrane fusion apparatus that mediates exocytosis in neurons. Recently, homologues of SNAP-25 have been identified, including SNAP-23, which is expressed in many tissues, albeit at different levels. At present, little is known concerning functional differences among members of this family of proteins. Using an in vitro assay, we show here that SNAP-25 and SNAP-23 mediate the docking of secretory granules with the plasma membrane at high (1 microM) and low (100 nM) Ca(2+) levels, respectively, by interacting with different members of the synaptotagmin family. In intact endocrine cells, expression of exogenous SNAP-23 leads to high levels of hormone secretion under basal conditions. Thus, the relative expression levels of SNAP-25 and SNAP-23 might control the mode (regulated vs. basal) of granule release by forming docking complexes at different Ca(2+) thresholds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chieregatti
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chicka
authors.forename: Edwin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baldini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005089:Exocytosis; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D050766:Qb-SNARE Proteins; D050767:Qc-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D050827:Syntaxin 1; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D050766:Qb-SNARE Proteins; D050767:Qc-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; C100493:SNAP23 protein, human; C107017:Snap23 protein, mouse; D050827:Syntaxin 1; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D002118:Calcium