title: Treatment of type II endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: translumbar puncture and injection of thrombin into the aneurysm sac.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to report our experience in the use of a new technique for the treatment of type II endoleaks which appear after the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In three patients with secondary type II endoleaks, we performed a translumbar puncture, introducing a 22-Gauge needle into the aneurysm sac under CT guidance. Once intrasac pressure had been registered, 1000U (2 ml) of human thrombin were slowly injected into the sac.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete sealing of the endoleak was achieved in all three patients, confirmed by the lack of contrast filling of the sac in the CT scans performed 5 min and 24 h after the procedure. Initial intrasac pressure was equal to systolic arterial pressure in the three patients. After the procedure, the pressure decreased by 30-40 mmHg. There were no complications during the procedure, which lasted 45-90 min. No endoleak recurrence has been observed in any of the three cases 6 months later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present an alternative method of treating type II endoleaks, which could become the treatment of choice if and when a wider experience confirms our initial good results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rial
authors.forename: F j
authors.initials: Fj
authors.lastname: Serrano Fj
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallego
mesh_terms: D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D011677:Punctures; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D013917:Thrombin