title: Placental failure and impaired vasculogenesis result in embryonic lethality for neuropathy target esterase-deficient mice.
abstract: Age-dependent neurodegeneration resulting from widespread apoptosis of neurons and glia characterize the Drosophila Swiss Cheese (SWS) mutant. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the vertebrate homologue of SWS, reacts with organophosphates which initiate a syndrome of axonal degeneration. NTE is expressed in neurons and a variety of nonneuronal cell types in adults and fetal mice. To investigate the physiological functions of NTE, we inactivated its gene by targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells. Heterozygous NTE(+/-) mice displayed a 50% reduction in NTE activity but underwent normal organ development. Complete inactivation of the NTE gene resulted in embryonic lethality, which became evident after gastrulation at embryonic day 9 postcoitum (E9). As early as E7.5, mutant embryos revealed growth retardation which did not reflect impaired cell proliferation but rather resulted from failed placental development; as a consequence, massive apoptosis within the developing embryo preceded its resorption. Histological analysis indicated that NTE is essential for the formation of the labyrinth layer and survival and differentiation of secondary giant cells. Additionally, impairment of vasculogenesis in the yolk sacs and embryos of null mutant conceptuses suggested that NTE is also required for normal blood vessel development.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. moser@biochem.mpg.de
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaupel
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kretzschmar
authors.forename: Reinhart
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buettner
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000235:genetics*; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010929:Placentation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase