title: Problems paying out-of-pocket medication costs among older adults with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify problems faced by older adults with diabetes due to out-of-pocket medication costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional national survey of 875 adults with diabetes treated with hypoglycemic medication, respondents reported whether they had underused prescription medications due to cost pressures or had experienced other financial problems associated with medication costs such as forgoing basic necessities. Respondents also described their interactions with clinicians about medication costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19% of respondents reported cutting back on medication use in the prior year due to cost, 11% reported cutting back on their diabetes medications, and 7% reported cutting back on their diabetes medications at least once per month. Moreover, 28% reported forgoing food or other essentials to pay medication costs, 14% increased their credit card debt, and 10% borrowed money from family or friends to pay for their prescriptions. Medication cost problems were especially common among respondents who were younger, had higher monthly out-of-pocket costs, and had no prescription drug coverage. In general, few respondents, including those reporting medication cost problems, reported that their health care providers had given them information or other assistance to address medication cost pressures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Out-of-pocket medication costs pose a significant burden to many adults with diabetes and contribute to decreased treatment adherence. Clinicians should actively identify patients with diabetes who are facing medication cost pressures and assist them by modifying their medication regimens, helping them understand the importance of each prescribed medication, providing information on sources of low-cost drugs, and linking patients with coverage programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research and Department of Internal Medicine and Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0170, USA. jpiette@umich.edu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Piette
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heisler
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000191:economics*; D007182:Income; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents