title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) production by rat gastric epithelial cells: role of reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor-kappaB.
abstract: Rat cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), a counterpart of the human growth-regulated oncogene product (GRO), has been suggested to participate in neutrophil recruitment in an experimental model of gastritis in rat. However, the mechanism(s) involved in regulation of CINC-1 production by the gastric mucosa remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) of CINC-1 production by rat gastric mucosa in vitro. All experiments were performed using rat normal gastric mucosal cell line (RGM-1). RGM-1s were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and CINC-1 mRNA levels (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and protein secretion (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were assessed. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation (translocation to the nuclei) in response to TNF-alpha stimulation was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy in the presence or absence of the inhibitors of mitochondrial electron flow and NF-kappaB activation. Stimulation of RGM-1 cells with TNF-alpha resulted in an increase in intracellular oxidative stress, NF-kappaB translocation to the nuclei, and up-regulation of CINC-1 mRNA and protein, which was prevented by interfering with mitochondria-dependent ROS production and NF-kappaB activation. Taken together, these findings indicate that CINC-1, a counterpart of the human GRO, production by rat gastric epithelial cells in response to TNF-alpha stimulation is an oxidant stress-mediated and NF-kappaB-dependent event.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Cell Biology/Inflammation Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimozawa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokura
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cepinskas
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kvietys
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha