title: The effect of hormone replacement therapy on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension. The present study was undertaken to assess endothelial function in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension receiving hormone replacement therapy and antihypertensive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 76 women with natural menopause and essential mild to moderate arterial hypertension entered the study. Forty women received a transdermal, combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) of 17 -estradiol and norethisterone acetate, whereas 36 served as controls. At baseline and at 3 and 12 months, all patients underwent 24-hr blood pressure monitoring and an exercise test, before which, at peak exercise, and after a 15-min recovery period venous blood was drawn to measure the level of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) according to the Griess
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 and 12 months after beginning HRT, the level of NOx at rest was slightly increased, with marked individual differences in response to HRT. In women not receiving HRT, NOx did not change. In the HRT group, 52.5% at 3 months and 47.5% at 12 months had significantly increased levels compared with the baseline values (17.8+/-6.7 vs. 32.8+/-4.5 vs. 28.7+/-1.1 Kmol/l; p=0.002). The increased NOx level in responders was associated with decreased LDL cholesterol (3.62+/-1.2 vs. 3.53+/-1.3 vs. 2.6+/-0.6 mmol/l; p=0.01). At 12 months, blood pressure values did not differ from those at baseline in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant increase of NOx in half of the women receiving HRT suggests that only responders experience the cardioprotective effects of HRT.
authors.affiliation: 1st Cardiac Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 17, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
authors.forename: Kalina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawecka-Jaszcz
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olszanecka
authors.forename: Aldona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dembińska-Kieć
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malczewska-Malec
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zdzienicka
authors.forename: Ibeth
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guevara
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D009640:Norethindrone