title: Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth through a mechanism dependent on platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and Akt inactivation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We identified the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha) as an ovarian cancer-specific gene by microarray hybridization using primary cultures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether disruption of the platelet-derived growth factor-regulated growth pathway by Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), a partially selective PDGFR inhibitor, inhibits growth of ovarian cancer cells expressing PDGFR.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the effects of Imatinib mesylate in ovarian cancer, we established an in vitro model by immortalizing primary ovarian cells, which express endogenous PDGFR, and we evaluated the effects of Imatinib on cell proliferation. In addition, we investigated the involvement of Akt in mediating Imatinib-inhibited cell growth inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 39% of ovarian tumors express PDGFR by immunohistochemistry. We showed that Imatinib inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells in a PDGFR-specific manner, at clinically relevant concentrations (IC(50) < 1 micro M). Imatinib inhibits the growth of three primary ovarian cultures and two immortalized cultures (PDGFR positive), but has no effects on SkOv3 and CaOv3 cell lines (PDGFR negative). Imatinib exerts antiproliferative effects by arresting cells at G(0)-G(1) and preventing progression through S phase. Imatinib inhibits both PDGFRalpha and Akt phosphorylation at a concentration of 1 micro M. Stable expression of constitutively active Akt induces partial resistance to PDGFR inhibition in ovarian cancer cells, as demonstrated by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that Imatinib mesylate inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells through PDGFR inactivation. In addition, our results suggest that constitutive Akt activation modulates sensitivity to Imatinib in ovarian cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. dmatei@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matei
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Meei-Huey
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001549:Benzamides; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016193:G1 Phase; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; D016196:S Phase; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt