title: Gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions of p53, p21, and IRF-1 polymorphisms in Korean women with cervix cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to identify gene-gene and gene-environmental factors affecting cervix carcinogenesis in Korean women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 530 subjects composed of 185 female cervix cancer patients and 345 normal healthy women. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of p53 codon 72, p21 codon 31, and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) intron 6 were evaluated from extracted DNA of peripheral blood with an automatic DNA sequencer. The differences of each SNP, gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions between normal controls and patients were evaluated in the adjusted environmental background.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the environmental aspect, the rate of cervix cancer increased in the women with a lower level of education, a younger age at first sexual intercourse and more childbearing. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), IRF-1 (T/T), and <6 years of education showed a 14.7-fold increased risk of cervix cancer compared to the women who had p53 ( approximately Pro), IRF-1 ( approximately C), and >15 years of education. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), p21 (Ser/Ser), and >3 children showed a 6.4-fold increased risk of cervix cancer compared to the women who had p53 ( approximately Pro), p21 ( approximately Arg), and no children. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), IRF-1 (T/T), and first sexual intercourse before 22 years old showed a 5.5-fold increased risk of cervix cancer compared to the women who had p53 ( approximately Pro), IRF-1 ( approximately C), and first sexual intercourse after 26 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the level of education, the age at first intercourse, and the number of children were independent risk factors in cervix carcinogenesis. The specific combinations of p53, p21, and IRF-1 gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions were significantly noted in the cervix carcinogenesis of Korean women.
authors.affiliation: DNA Link, College of Medicine, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Namkoong
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sull
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins