title: Diverse NF-kappaB expression in epiretinal membranes after human diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Formation of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) after proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) results in progressive deterioration of vision, but its pathogenic mechanisms are still unknown. This study was conducted to examine the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the formation of ERMs after PDR and PVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  ERM samples were obtained by vitrectomy from 10 patients with PDR (aged 53+/-12 years with 14+/-5 years of diabetes), 20 patients with PVR, and 17 patients with idiopathic ERMs. Ten PVR and 17 idiopathic ERM samples were processed for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. In addition, 10 PDR and 10 PVR membranes were processed for immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NF-kappaB mRNA expression levels were significantly higher (10 of 10 versus 9 of 17 subjects in idiopathic ERM, p=0.0119) in PVR subjects. Immunohistochemical analysis showed NF-kappaB protein expression in 8 of the 10 PDR samples as well as all 10 PVR samples, and NF-kappaB positive cells were partially double labeled with glial cell markers. Interestingly, NF-kappaB protein was also overlapped with angiogenic factor interleukin-8 (IL-8) in glial cells as well as vascular endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that NF-kappaB is involved in the formation of both glial and vascular endothelial cell components, and that these two cell types might have functional interactions that lead to the enlargement of intraocular proliferative membranes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science and Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitamura
authors.forename: Hun-Meng A
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Quah
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Kohichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014821:Vitrectomy; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases