title: Tissue plasminogen activator in primary afferents induces dorsal horn excitability and pain response after peripheral nerve injury.
abstract: The extracellular protease cascade of plasminogen activators and plasminogen are known to regulate neuronal plasticity and extracellular matrix modification, and to be important factors involved in producing long-term potentiation in the CNS. The purpose of this study is to examine the expression of plasminogen activators in primary afferents and its role in nociceptive pathways after peripheral nerve injury. We found the induction of mRNAs for tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the rat dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve transection. Immunoreactivity for tPA was increased in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn and, importantly, the increase in proteolytic activity mediated by tPA was observed in the same area. As neither immunoreactivity for uPA nor uPA-mediated proteolysis was observed, we further examined the effects of tPA on dorsal horn excitability and neuropathic pain behaviour. Intrathecal injection of a specific inhibitor of tPA decreased electrical stimulation-induced Fos expression in dorsal horn neurons following axotomy, and also prevented the development of thermal hyperalgesia following partial sciatic nerve ligation. These findings suggest that the increased tPA in the dorsal horn due to mRNA expression in the dorsal root ganglia increases the dorsal horn excitability and has an important role in pain behaviour after peripheral nerve injury. The tPA-mediated hypersensitivity in dorsal horn neurons may be a novel molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator