title: Aberrant quantity and localization of Aurora-B/AIM-1 and survivin during megakaryocyte polyploidization and the consequences of Aurora-B/AIM-1-deregulated expression.
abstract: Megakaryocytes skip late anaphase and cytokinesis during endomitosis. We found normal expression and localization of a fundamental regulator of mitosis, Aurora-B/AIM-1, during prophase in polyploidizing mouse bone marrow megakaryocytes. At late anaphase, however, Aurora-B/AIM-1 is absent or mislocalized. Megakaryocytes treated with a proteasome inhibitor display Aurora-B/AIM-1 properly expressed and localized to the midzone, suggesting that protein degradation contributes to this atypical appearance. In contrast, survivin, an Aurora-B/AIM-1 coregulator of mitosis, is not detected at any stage of the endomitotic cell cycle, and in most megakaryocytes proteasome inhibition does not rescue this phenotype. To further explore the importance of reduced Aurora-B/AIM-1 for polyploidization, it was overexpressed in megakaryocytes of transgenic mice. The phenotype includes increased transgenic mRNA, but not protein, in polyploidy megakaryocytes, further suggesting that Aurora-B/AIM-1 is regulated at the protein level. Aurora-B/AIM-1 protein is, however, elevated in diploid transgenic megakaryocytes. Transgenic mice also exhibit enhanced numbers of megakaryocytes with increased proliferative potential, and some mice exhibit mild decreases in ploidy level. Hence, the molecular programming involved in endomitosis is characterized by the mislocalization or absence of at least 2 critical mitotic regulators, Aurora-B/AIM-1 and survivin. Future studies will examine the impact of survivin restoration on mouse megakaryocyte polyploidization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St, K225, Boston, MA 02118. ravid@biochem.bumc.bu.edu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Guangyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hao G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toselli
authors.forename: Carl W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsuka
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Todokoro
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ravid
mesh_terms: D000705:Anaphase / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D064107:Aurora Kinase B; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008938:Mitosis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D011123:Polyploidy; D011418:Prophase / Q000235:genetics; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D000077022:Survivin; C576921:AURKB protein, human; C576924:Aurkb protein, mouse; C576925:Aurkb protein, rat; D064107:Aurora Kinase B; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases