title: Hysteroscopic and hysterosalpingographic study after intrauterine insertion of quinacrine pellets for non-surgical sterilization: results in 180 women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Document the effects on the tube and uterus of one, two and three doses of 252 mg of quinacrine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 180 fertile women seeking permanent contraception at the Shatby Family Planning Clinic in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1988. All cases received three applications of seven 36 mg quinacrine hydrochloride pellets during the proliferative phase of three consecutive menstrual cycles. The patients were randomly divided into groups A, B and C. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed on the 6th day of menstruation and hysteroscopy on the 10th day of the same cycle after the first application in group A, the second, in group B and the third, in group C. The study was concluded in 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSG showed 52 cases of bilateral obstruction, four of bilateral patency, and four of unilateral patency in group A. All in groups B and C elicited bilateral tubal obstruction. Cornual obstruction was seen in 33%, 65% and 85% in group A, B and C, respectively. Intramural obstruction was found in 50%, 33% and 10% in the three groups. Isthmic tubal obstruction was detected in 8%, 2.5% and 5% in groups A, B and C, respectively. Four types of ostial appearances could be recognized hysteroscopically. Type 0 (patent tubes), Type I (distal tubal blockage), Type II (intramural obstruction) and Type III (cornual obstruction). In group A, Type 0 was evident in 10%, Type I in 8%, Type II in 50% and Type III in 33% of cases. The respective figures in group B were 0%, 2.5%, 33% and 65%, while in group C, they were 0%, 5%, 10% and 85%. Hysteroscopy showed no abnormal endometrial findings in group A, but 35% and 85% of cases in group B and C showed some changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two applications of quinacrine were 100% effective. The side effects of quinacrine pellet applications were minimal and well tolerated by all the users. The possibility of reversal of the procedure is outlined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shatby Maternity Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. samirelsahwi8hotmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: el Sahwi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: el Faham
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: el Makhzangy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004343:Drug Implants; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011796:Quinacrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents; D011796:Quinacrine