Chemical coupling between ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles.
The concentrations of inorganic aerosol components in the fine particulate matter (PM(fine)< or =2.5 microm) consisted of primarily ammonium, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride are related to the transfer time scale between gas to particle phase, which is a function of the ambient temperature, relative humidity, and their gas phase constituent concentrations in the atmosphere. This study involved understanding the magnitude of major ammonia sources; and an up-wind and down-wind (receptor) ammonia, acid gases, and fine particulate measurements; with a view to accretion gas-to-particle conversion (GTPS) process in an agricultural/rural environment. The observational based analysis of ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles by annular denuder system (ADS) coupled with a Gaussian dispersion model provided the mean pseudo-first-order k(S-1) between NH(3) and H(2)SO(4) aerosol approximately 5.00 (+/-3.77)x10(-3) s(-1). The rate constant was found to increase as ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation increases, and decreases with increasing relative humidity. The observed [NH(3)][HNO(3)] products exceeded values predicted by theoretical equilibrium constants, due to a local excess of ammonia concentration.
Baek
Bok Haeng
BH
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Aneja
Viney P
VP
Tong
Quansong
Q
D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry*; D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D001417:Background Radiation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D019445:Solar Activity; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014919:Wind
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D009566:Nitrates; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D017942:Nitric Acid; D000641:Ammonia; C033158:sulfuric acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; C006568:ammonium nitrate