title: Target cell-restricted and -enhanced apoptosis induction by a scFv:sTRAIL fusion protein with specificity for the pancarcinoma-associated antigen EGP2.
abstract: The apparent tumor selective apoptosis-inducing activity of recombinant soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has aroused much interest for use in clinical application. However, to exploit fully its therapeutic potential, the characteristics of both the TRAIL receptor system and soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) should be taken into account: first, the widespread expression of the various TRAIL receptors throughout the human body; second, the differential binding affinities and crosslinking requirements of the agonistic receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2; and third, the solution behavior of particular sTRAIL preparations. Therefore, we constructed a novel TRAIL fusion protein, designated scFvC54:sTRAIL, comprising the human scFv antibody fragment C54 genetically linked to the N-terminus of human sTRAIL. The scFvC54:sTRAIL fusion protein was designed to induce apoptosis by crosslinking of agonistic TRAIL receptors only after specific binding of scFvC54:sTRAIL to the abundantly expressed carcinoma-associated cell surface antigen EGP2 (alias EpCAM). Target antigen-restricted apoptosis induction was demonstrated for various EGP2-positive tumor cells and could be inhibited by an EGP2 competing antibody. Target antigen binding converted soluble scFvC54:sTRAIL into a membrane-bound form of TRAIL that was capable of signaling apoptosis not only through TRAIL-R1 but also through TRAIL-R2. Size-exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) indicated that scFvC54:sTRAIL was produced as stable and homogeneous trimers in the absence of detectable TRAIL aggregates. The favorable characteristics of the scFvC54:sTRAIL fusion protein potentially reduce the amount of sTRAIL required for antitumor activity and may be of value for the treatment of various human carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuijlen
authors.forename: Douwe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samplonius
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walczak
authors.forename: Lou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Leij
authors.forename: Wijnand
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Helfrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D006224:Cricetinae; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D006801:Humans; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011940:Receptor Aggregation; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C499379:EPCAM protein, human; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha