Beta-adrenergic receptors and regulation of energy expenditure: a family affair.
The family of adrenergic receptors (ARs) expressed in adipocytes includes three sibling betaARs and two alphaAR cousins. Together they profoundly influence the mobilization of stored fatty acids, secretion of fat-cell derived hormones, and the specialized process of nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. The two types of fat cells that compose adipose tissue, brown and white, are structurally and functionally distinct. Studies on the mechanisms by which individual betaAR regulates these cell-specific functions have recently uncovered new signal transduction cascades involved in processes traditionally ascribed to adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A system. They illustrate how betaAR signaling can orchestrate a coordinated set of intracellular responses for fine control of metabolic balance.
Robidoux
Jacques
J
Departments of Pharmacology, Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, and The Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutritional Studies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. robid001@mc.duke.edu
Martin
Tonya L
TL
Collins
Sheila
S
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008066:Lipolysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D022722:Thermogenesis
D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta