title: Endovascular treatment of intracranial arterio-venous malformations with Onyx embolization: preliminary experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intracranial arterio-venous malformations (AVM) often represent a complex clinical problem as regards indications to treatment, the choice of treatment and the technical difficulties related to treatment. In the last twenty years, endovascular treatment of intracranial arterio-venous malformations was primarily based on an acrylic glue (Hystoacril) whose endovascular use is not free from risks. A new product for endovascular embolization, named ONYX, has been recently been made commercially available. It is a bio-compatible liquid polymer that precipitates and solidifies in contact with blood, thus forming a soft and spongy embolus. The aim of this study was to evaluate our preliminary results in the endovascular embolization of intracranial AVM with Onyx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were treated (7 men, 3 women; mean age: 29 years, range: 12-48 years) for a total of 37 embolizations, 22 with Onyx and 15 with acrylic resin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nidus occlusion was complete in 2 cases, >90% in 2 cases, >50 and <90% in 3 cases and <50% in the remaining 3 cases. The following complications were recorded: two transient and one mild permanent neurological deficits, two clinically silent cases of moderate subarachnoid haemorrhage, four catheters glued to the injection site, three cases of treatment discontinuation due to continuous and massive reflux of Onyx into the afferent artery peduncle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This early experience showed that while Onyx has good embolization potential it also presents some disadvantages, which need to be overcome before this product can be considered easy and safe to use on a large scale.
authors.affiliation: Radiologia Vascolare ed Interventistica, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lauriola
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nardella
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strizzi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vallone
authors.forename: Marco Pastore
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Trossello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012997:Solvents; C421460:glubran; C020320:ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; D004659:Enbucrilate; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide