title: Laparoscopic versus open donor nephrectomy: ureteral complications in recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe our experience with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) and open donor nephrectomy (ODN) regarding ureteral complications. LDN has proved to be safe and to offer significant benefits to the donor compared with ODN. Of major importance is the effect of the surgical technique on the graft. Studies have shown an increased incidence of ureteral complications in recipients of laparoscopically procured kidneys. Operative reconstruction results in additional morbidity for the recipient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Living donors and their recipients, who underwent surgery from January 1994 to April 2002, were included in this retrospective study. A total of 122 LDN and 77 ODN recipients were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 122 LDN and 77 ODN recipients, 15 (12%) and 10 (13%), respectively, required percutaneous nephrostomy drainage. In total, 5 LDN (4.1%) and 5 ODN (6.5%) recipients required reconstruction of the ureter because of obstruction of the ureter or urine leakage (P value not statistically significant, excluding reconstruction required for technical errors). The operating time, warm ischemia time, and serum creatinine were comparable between recipients with or without ureter complications requiring reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, LDN was not associated with an increased incidence of ureteral complications in the recipient compared with ODN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hazebroek
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kirkels
authors.forename: W C J
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hop
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weimar
authors.forename: J N M
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ijzermans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine