title: Sensing infection in Drosophila: Toll and beyond.
abstract: Drosophila has evolved a potent immune system that is somewhat adapted to the nature of infections through the selective activation of either one of two NF-kappa B-like signalling pathways, the Toll and IMD (Immune deficiency) pathways. In contrast to the mammalian system, the Toll receptor does not act as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) but as a cytokine receptor. The sensing of microbial infections is achieved by at least four PRRs that belong to two distinct families: the peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) and the Gram-negative binding proteins (GNBPs)/beta-glucan recognition proteins (beta GRPs).
authors.affiliation: UPR 9022 du CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15, rue R. Descartes, F67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France. D.Ferrandon@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrandon
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Imler
authors.forename: Jules A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C480085:Gnbp1 protein, Drosophila; D019476:Insect Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C405332:beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein, insect; C118897:peptidoglycan recognition protein; C086179:spz protein, Drosophila