title: Physical activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in mild hypertensives.
abstract: It has been suggested that the insertion(I) allele of the I/deletion(D) polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with endurance exercise and increased physical conditioning in response to this type of exercise. To investigate the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and physical activity status in 355 never treated, stage I hypertensives (265 men, 90 women, mean age: 33 +/- 9 years), in whom power exercise is contraindicated, participants of the HARVEST study. Physical activity was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. BMI and age did not vary among genotypes. None of active subjects performed power oriented exercises. ACE I/D frequencies (II-18%, ID-55%, DD-27%) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Sedentary lifestyle was more common among DD than II hypertensives (76% in DD, and 48% in II, Chi(2) = 13.9, P = 0.001). In stepwise MANOVA using age, marital status, profession, sex, and ACE genotype as predictors of physical activity, marital status (F = 24.4, P < 0.0001) and ACE genotype (F = 16.03, P < 0.0001) contributed to more than 50% of the variance in physical activity status of the population. Our results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may be a specific genetic factor associated with physical activity levels in free-living borderline and mild hypertensive subjects.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Mikolaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winnicki
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Accurso
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawlowski
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dorigatti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santonastaso
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krupa-Wojciechowska
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jeunemaitre
authors.forename: Achille C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pessina
authors.forename: Virend K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Somers
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palatini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D009043:Motor Activity; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A