title: The role of Toll-like receptors in combating mycobacteria.
abstract: In the battle against infections with mycobacteria, the body employs components of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate the activation of cells of the innate immune system leading to dynamic functions including direct anti-microbial activity, induction of cytokine secretion, triggering dendritic cell maturation, and triggering apoptosis. Furthermore, TLR activation is capable of modulating the adaptive immune response with a bias towards a Th1 T-cell response. However, the activation of TLRs by mycobacteria may also provide a means of immune evasion. Therefore, the modulation of TLR activation can influence the ability to properly destroy invading pathogens such as mycobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Dermatology, 52-121 CHS, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. skrutzik@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Stephan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Krutzik
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Modlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors