title: Clinical correlates of cognitive decline in vascular dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether demographic data, dementia severity, functional status, whole brain volume (WBV), or subcortical hyperintensity volume (SH) predict subsequent cognitive decline in vascular dementia (VaD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The identification of variables that accurately predict progressive cognitive decline in dementia has important clinical implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 30 patients with VaD completed neurologic and neuropsychologic examinations and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at baseline and again after 12 months. All participants met clinical and research criteria for VaD according to standard guidelines. Change scores were computed for measures of verbal fluency, verbal learning, and visual learning. Potential correlates of cognitive change included age, education, score on the Hachinski scale, WBV, SH, and functional ability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a group, lower WBV and lower Hachinski score correlated with decline in verbal fluency and visual learning, whereas lower Hachinski score correlated with decline in verbal learning. However, when subdivided by disease type, this pattern held only for individuals with evidence of a cortical stroke at baseline. No clinical variables correlated with cognitive decline among individuals without a cortical infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of cognitive decline in VaD should be guided by dementia subtype, with particular attention directed at severity of cerebral atrophy rather than classic symptoms of infarction.
authors.affiliation: Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island 20903, USA. Rpaul@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Browndyke
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Garrett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D003566:Cytidine Diphosphate Choline