title: Impact of tranexamic acid vs. aprotinin on blood loss and transfusion requirements after cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aprotinin (AP) reduces blood loss and transfusions after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but may sensitise patients and is expensive. Tranexamic acid (TA) has less side-effects, but data regarding its efficacy are controversial. The aim of our prospective, randomised, double-blind study was to compare the impact of AP vs. TA on drainage blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing first time CABG on CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty adult patients were randomised to receive either high-dose AP according to Hammersmith or a total of 2 g TA. Perioperative blood products were transfused in a standardised fashion. Blood loss was measured up to 24 h. Demographic and clinical patient data were collected until hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data from 118 patients (TA: n = 58, AP: n = 60) who completed the study according to protocol were analysed. Blood loss at 24 h postoperation in TA patients was significantly higher (896 +/- 354 ml) as compared to AP patients (756 +/- 347 ml; p = 0.03). TA patients received 1.5 +/- 1.5 units of red blood cells (AP: 1.5 +/- 1.7, p = 1.0), 1.3 +/- 2.0 units of fresh frozen plasma (AP: 1.0 +/- 2.0, p = 0.38) and 0.5 +/- 1.4 units of platelets (AP: 0.2 +/- 0.7, p = 0.15). Clinical data, including perioperative myocardial infarction rate, acute renal failure, mechanical ventilation, hospital stay and mortality, were not significantly different between either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show a difference in blood loss between TA and high-dose AP. Although statistically significant, it has little clinical relevance, because perioperative transfusion requirements were similar for both groups. Thus, TA appears to be a cost-effective alternative to AP in primary CABG patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany. khosro.hekmat@medizin.uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hekmat
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kampe
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mehlhorn
mesh_terms: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D006490:Hemostatics; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D007611:Aprotinin