title: Evaluation of methods to reduce bacteria concentrations in spray-dried animal plasma and its effects on nursery pig performance.
abstract: Four experiments with 1,040 weanling pigs (17 +/- 2 d of age at weaning) were conducted to evaluate the effects of spray-dried animal plasma source, drying technique, and methods of bacterial reduction on nursery pig performance. In Exp. 1, 180 barrows and gilts (initial BW 5.9 +/- 1.8 kg) were used to compare effects of animal plasma, animal plasma source, drying technique (spray-dried or freeze-dried), and plasma irradiation in nursery pig diets. From d 0 to 10, pigs fed diets containing irradiated spray-dried animal plasma had increased ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed diets containing nonirradiated spray-dried animal plasma. Pigs fed irradiated animal plasma Sources 1 and 2 were similar in ADG and ADFI, but pigs fed animal plasma Source 1 had greater ADG (P < 0.05) than pigs fed animal plasma Source 2 and pigs not fed plasma. Pigs fed freeze-dried animal plasma had growth performance similar (P > 0.36) to pigs fed spray-dried animal plasma. Overall (d 0 to 24), pigs fed irradiated spray-dried animal plasma were heavier (P < 0.05) than pigs fed no animal plasma, whereas pigs fed nonirradiated spray-dried plasma were intermediate. In Exp. 2, 325 barrows and gilts (initial BW 5.8 +/- 1.7 kg) were used to compare the effects of irradiation or formaldehyde treatment of animal plasma and formaldehyde treatment of the whole diet. Pigs fed diets containing irradiated animal plasma had greater ADG (P < 0.05) than pigs fed nonirradiated plasma. Pigs fed formaldehyde-treated plasma had greater ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05) than pigs fed diets with either nonirradiated plasma or whole diet treated with formaldehyde. In Exp. 3 (360 barrows and gilts; initial BW 6.3 +/- 2.7 kg) and Exp. 4 (175 barrows and gilts; initial BW 6.1 +/- 1.7 kg), the irradiation of feed (high bacteria) and food-grade (low bacteria) animal plasma in nursery pig diets was examined. Pigs fed irradiated feed-grade plasma Product 2 had increased ADG (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed nonirradiated plasma Product 2 and pigs fed the control diet without plasma. In Exp. 3 and 4, pigs fed irradiated food-grade plasma had growth performance similar to pigs fed nonirradiated food-grade plasma (P > 0.12). These studies indicate that bacterial reduction of feed-grade, but not food-grade animal plasma, improves nursery pig performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA. jderouch@oznet.ksu.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DeRouchey
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tokach
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelssen
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goodband
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dritz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Woodworth
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hastad
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005514:Food Irradiation; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D008297:Male; D010949:Plasma / Q000382:microbiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde