title: A fluorimetric method using fluorescein di-beta-D-galactopyranoside for quantifying the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity in human foreskin fibroblast Hs68 cells.
abstract: The senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-betaG) assay is one of the few accepted markers of cell aging. However, the cytochemical method using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) as substrate is limited in sensitivity and is only semiquantitative. Here, we modified the X-Gal method by replacing X-Gal with fluorescein di-beta-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) as substrate for SA-betaG, and the activity was measured fluorimetrically. We showed in Hs68 cells that the FDG fluorescein fluorescence increased with increasing passages of the cells in parallel with the X-Gal method. A major advantage of the FDG method is that it is a quantitative method for the SA-betaG activity. For example, we showed that the FDG fluorescein in p30(+1) of Hs68 cells was generally stronger than that in p26(+1) cells, whereas the X-Gal method gave similar results (95 and 100%) for p26(+1) and p30(+1) cells. The FDG method was precise with a relative standard deviation lower than 10%. We further demonstrated that FDG and X-Gal could be added simultaneously for SA-betaG assay because the FDG fluorescein diffused readily through formaldehyde-fixed cell membrane and could be detected in the suspension buffer. Thus, a double-substrate method, i.e., X-Gal for rapid qualitative assay and FDG for quantitative assay, can be conducted simultaneously to provide a simple and reliable assay of SA-betaG activity as a marker of cell aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Chung-Hsing University, 402, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nae-Cherng
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Miao-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology*; D019793:Fluorescein; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D019793:Fluorescein