title: The efficacy and safety of B-type natriuretic peptide (nesiritide) in patients with renal insufficiency and acutely decompensated congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nesiritide (B-type natriuretic peptide) reduces preload and afterload, and causes natriuresis, diuresis and suppression of norepinephrine, endothelin-1 and aldosterone. In this study, we sought to explore the safety and efficacy of nesiritide in patients with acute congestive heart failure (CHF) and renal insufficiency (RI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the effects of nesiritide in patients with RI in the VMAC trial database, a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial (n = 489) of patients with acute decompensated CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum creatinine (SCr) in nesiritide-treated patients with RI (SCr > or = 2.0 mg/dl, n = 60, range 2.0-11.1 mg/dl) and without RI (SCr < 2.0 mg/dl, n = 209) was 3.0+/-1.51 and 1.2+/-0.34 mg/dl, respectively. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was reduced significantly and similarly in both RI and no RI groups starting at 15 min into nesiritide infusion from a baseline of 29.9+/-8.1 and 26.6+/-6.0 mmHg, respectively. Addition of placebo to standard therapies yielded no further improvement in PCWP in patients with RI; in contrast, nesiritide significantly reduced PCWP at every time point during 24 h. The effects of nitroglycerin were less robust than those of nesiritide, and PCWP was not significantly reduced by nitroglycerin at the 3 h primary end-point. At 24 h, 83% of the RI patients and 91% of patients without RI treated with nesiritide reported improvements in dyspnoea. Nesiritide was well tolerated in patients with RI and no RI, and renal function was preserved in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with RI, nesiritide was safe and improved haemodynamics and dyspnoea.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Center for Education and Research in Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville VAMC, Nashville, TN, 37232-6300, USA. javed.butler@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emerman
authors.forename: W Frank
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: Vandana S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain