title: Gender comparison of alcohol exposure on drinking occasions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to assess the influence of gender, age, drinking style and other selected demographic variables on the rate of alcohol beverage consumption on drinking days. The data were used to predict possible differences in ethanol exposure levels (peak blood alcohol concentration [BAC]) among the subgroups examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample (N = 2,627) of the U.S. adult population was surveyed using computer-assisted telephone interviewing to assess alcohol use (past 12 months) in quantity, frequency and type of beverage, as well as the time (minutes) usually required to consume the typical quantity of alcohol on drinking days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,833 current drinkers (1,028 men, 805 women), women reported consuming a mean of 2.2 standard drinks (1 drink = 12 g ethanol) on typical drinking occasions (days); men reported consuming a mean of 3.2. The duration of the drinking episode was similar for women (122 minutes) and men (126 minutes). The hourly rate of drink consumption was thus lower for women (approximately 1.1 drinks/hour) than for men (approximately 1.6 drinks/hour). For both men and women, there was an age-related increase in the frequency of drinking but a decrease with age in predicted peak BACs and in the alcohol intake per drinking episode. Peak BACs achieved during typical drinking episodes were estimated to be quite similar for men (0.037) and for women (0.036) when prediction equations were based on equal rates of alcohol elimination in both genders. The estimated peak BACs were lower in women than in men when the prediction equation assumed a higher rate of ethanol elimination in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information on the rate of alcohol beverage consumption on drinking days facilitates prediction of BACs typically experienced in men and women of different demographic group memberships. The exposure values obtained will depend upon as yet unsettled norms for ethanol elimination rates in men and women.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York at Buffalo, Research Institute on Addictions, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA. York@ria.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors