title: In vivo study of acetylcholine esterase in basal forebrain, amygdala, and cortex in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.
abstract: It is currently unclear whether impairment of the cholinergic system is present in Alzheimer disease (AD) already at an early stage and to what extent it depends on degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). We examined acetylcholine esterase activity in vivo in the nbM, the amygdala, and cerebral neocortex. Measurements were performed in normal controls and in patients with mild to moderate AD with positron emission tomography (PET) and C-11-labeled N-methyl-4-piperidyl-acetate (MP4A) which is a specific substrate of AChE. AChE activity was reduced significantly in amygdala and cerebral cortex. In contrast, AChE activity and glucose metabolism appeared preserved or even increased in the nbM. The results support the concept that neocortical and amygdaloid functional changes of the cholinergic system are an early and leading event in AD, rather than the consequence of neurodegeneration of basal nuclei.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Cologne, and Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany. karl.herholz@pet.mpin-koeln.mpg.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herholz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weisenbach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zündorf
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalbe
authors.forename: W-D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heiss
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020532:Basal Nucleus of Meynert / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010880:Piperidines; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; C100518:N-methyl-4-piperidyl acetate; D010880:Piperidines; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase