title: Risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 1 diabetic patients in Europe: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to examine risk factors in the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) and differences in men and women in the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline risk factors and CHD at follow-up were assessed in 2,329 type 1 diabetic patients without prior CHD. CHD was defined as physician-diagnosed myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and/or Minnesota-coded ischemic electrocardiograms or fatal CHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 151 patients who developed CHD, and the 7-year incidence rate was 8.0 (per 1,000 person-years) in men and 10.2 in women. After adjustment for age and/or duration of diabetes, the following risk factors were related to CHD in men: age, GHb, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), HDL cholesterol, smoking, albumin excretion rate (AER), and autonomic neuropathy. The following risk factors were related to CHD in women: age, systolic blood pressure (BP), fasting triglycerides, AER, and retinopathy. Multivariate standardized Cox proportional hazards models showed that age (hazard ratio 1.5), AER (1.3 in men and 1.6 in women), WHR (1.3 in men), smoking (1.5 in men), fasting triglycerides (1.3 in women) or HDL cholesterol (0.74 in women), and systolic BP (1.3 in women) were predictors of CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the evidence for a strong predictive role of baseline albuminuria in the pathogenesis of CHD in type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, sex-specific risk factors such as systolic BP, fasting triglycerides (or HDL cholesterol), and WHR were found to be important in the development of CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public-Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK. sabita@public-health.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sabita S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Soedamah-Muthu
authors.forename: Nish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toeller
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferriss
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reboldi
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manes
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors