title: Severe hypotension in the prone position in a child with neurofibromatosis, scoliosis and pectus excavatum presenting for posterior spinal fusion.
abstract: A 34-mo-old boy with neurofibromatosis, scoliosis, and pectus excavatum developed severe hypotension when positioned prone. A magnetic resonance image study revealed neurofibromas encircling the great vessels. During the next anesthetic the patient was placed in the prone position on transverse bolsters and hypotension ensued again. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed compression of the right ventricle by the sternum. When the child was turned supine, the blood pressure returned to baseline. The patient was returned to the prone position, this time with bolsters placed longitudinally, without problem. This case supports a cardiac evaluation, possible intraoperative TEE, and avoidance of sternal pressure in patients with chest wall deformities requiring prone positioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A child with neurofibromatosis, scoliosis, and a chest wall deformity presenting for spinal fusion developed severe hypotension while prone. This was due to compression of the heart by the sternum, not compression of the great vessels by neurofibromas. Sternal pressure in prone patients with chest wall deformities should be avoided. Unique management included the use of transesophageal echocardiography to determine the cause of the hypotension.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, Orthopaedic Surgery and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and The Children's Hospital of the New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexianu
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Skolnick
authors.forename: Annie C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Roye
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Solowiejczyk
authors.forename: Joshua E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Lena S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017253:Neurofibromatoses / Q000601:surgery*; D016684:Prone Position / Q000502:physiology*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion