title: Endoscopy-negative reflux disease: what is the value of a proton-pump inhibitor test in everyday clinical practice?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim in this study was to evaluate a simple test with proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) for use in everyday clinical practice in diagnosing endoscopy-negative reflux disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  68 patients with heartburn and/or acid regurgitation as their main complaint, symptoms of at least 3 months' duration prior to inclusion, all with a negative gastroscopy were included. The patients were given 60 mg of lansoprazole before breakfast for 7 days. After the test week, patients had to answer one single question on a formula. 'Did you essentially, without any doubt. have less heartburn and/or acid regurgitation during the treatment?' The only alternative answers were 'Yes' or 'No'. Patients in doubt were told to answer 'No'. 24-h pH monitoring was performed at the earliest 14 days after the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  65 completed the PPI test and 52 fulfilled the pH monitoring. Defined by < 4% time oesophageal pH < 4, 34 (65%) had pathological reflux. The PPI test was positive in all patients with pathological reflux but also in 17 of 18 with normal pH-metry, giving the test a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of a diagnostic PPI test in clinical practice gave a high sensitivity and unusually low specificity compared to placebo-controlled studies, indicating that a test of this nature should be used with caution in everyday practice. Most patients with endoscopy-negative GORD will be diagnosed clinically. A positive test with PPI strengthens the diagnosis but has insufficient specificity to be an objective criterion alone. pH-metry should be unnecessary for the diagnosis of ENGORD in patients with typical reflux symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway. paul.juul-hansen@klinmed.uio.no
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Juul-Hansen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rydning
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D064747:Lansoprazole; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064747:Lansoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole