title: Polyol pathway-dependent osmotic and oxidative stresses in aldose reductase-mediated apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells: role of AOP2.
abstract: Aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts. AR activation generates osmotic and oxidative stresses via the polyol pathway and induces cell death signals. Antioxidant protein 2 (AOP2) protects cells from oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of AR overexpression on polyol accumulation and on hyperglycemic oxidative stress and osmotic stress, as well as the effects of these stresses on human lens epithelial cell (hLEC) survival. hLECs overexpressing the AR became apoptotic during hyperglycemia and showed elevated levels of intracellular polyols. Glutathione and AOP2 levels were significantly decreased in these cells. Interestingly, supply of AOP2 and/or the AR inhibitor fidarestat protected the cells against hyperglycemia-induced death. Overexpression of AR increased osmotic and oxidative stresses, resulting in increased apoptosis in hLECs. Because AOP2 protects hyperglycemia-induced hLEC apoptosis, this molecule may have the potential to prevent hyperglycemia-mediated complications in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urakami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fatma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Dhirendra P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C024617:polyol; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase