Structure, activation, and biology of calpain.
Variation in the calpain 10 gene has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes by positional cloning. Since then, studies on calpain 10 have been started in correlation with diabetes and insulin-mediated signaling. In this review, the activation mechanism of calpain by calcium ions, which is essential to understand its physiological functions, is discussed on the basis of recent X-ray structural analyses. Further, special features of the structure of calpain 10 that differ from those of typical micro - or m-calpain used in most studies are summarized together with discussion of the physiological function of calpain with respect to type 2 diabetes.
Suzuki
Koichi
K
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan. koichi_suzuki@nts.toray.co.jp
Hata
Shoji
S
Kawabata
Yukiko
Y
Sorimachi
Hiroyuki
H
D002118:Calcium; D002154:Calpain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation
D002154:Calpain; C415197:calpain 10; D002118:Calcium