title: The polyhydroxy acid gluconolactone protects against ultraviolet radiation in an in vitro model of cutaneous photoaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages skin through a variety of mechanisms, including the generation of free radicals. Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is capable of chelating metals and may also function by scavenging free radicals, thereby protecting skin from some of the damaging effects of UV radiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study measured the ability of gluconolactone to protect against UV radiation-induced damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ability of gluconolactone to prevent UV radiation-induced elastin promoter activation was determined in vitro using a transgenic model of cutaneous photoaging. Gluconolactone was also evaluated to determine its ability to promote the formation of sunburn cells in human skin after exposure to UV radiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gluconolactone provided up to 50% protection against UV radiation, as measured in our in vitro system, and did not significantly increase sunburn cells in human skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the ability of the PHA gluconolactone to protect against UV radiation-induced elastin promoter activation. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrated that gluconolactone treatment does not result in a significant increase in sunburn cells. Further investigation of this and other PHAs is necessary to identify their potential role in preventing and repairing cutaneous photodamage.
authors.affiliation: DakDak Photoaging Technologies, Division of Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Elkins Park KGL Inc., Ivy Laboratories University City Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Eric F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Kays
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaidbey
authors.forename: Sergey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ksenzenko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005942:Gluconates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007783:Lactones; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005942:Gluconates; D007783:Lactones; C010730:beta-glucono-1,5-lactone