title: Improved ambulation and speech production in an adolescent post-traumatic brain injury through a therapeutic intervention to increase postural control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This case study examined the effectiveness of a programme designed to improve anticipatory postural control in an adolescent over years 2 and 3 post-traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that her difficulty in walking and talking simultaneously was caused by excessive co-activation of extremity, trunk, and oral musculature during upright activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participant was treated weekly by physical and speech therapy. Treatment focussed on improving anticipatory postural control during gross motor activities in conjunction with oral-motor function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, the participant walked using a walker at a speed of 23 cm s(-1). Two years later, she could walk without a device at 53 cm s(-1). Initial laryngoscopic examination showed minimal movement of the velum or pharyngeal walls; full movement was present after treatment. The measure of intelligibility improved from no single word intelligible utterances to 85% intelligible utterances after 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that less compensatory rigidification of oral musculature was needed to maintain an upright position against gravity as postural control improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An adolescent 1-year post-TBI was followed as she underwent additional rehabilitation focussed on improving anticipatory postural control. The functional goal of simultaneously talking while walking was achieved through this intervention.
authors.affiliation: Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA. a.karas@csuohio.edu
authors.forename: Ann Karas
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Reinthal
authors.forename: Linda Moeller
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Glenna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greenwald
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome