title: Relationships of efficiency to reproductive disorders in Danish milk production: a stochastic frontier analysis.
abstract: Relationships of various reproductive disorders and milk production performance of Danish dairy farms were investigated. A stochastic frontier production function was estimated using data collected in 1998 from 514 Danish dairy farms. Measures of farm-level milk production efficiency relative to this production frontier were obtained, and relationships between milk production efficiency and the incidence risk of reproductive disorders were examined. There were moderate positive relationships between milk production efficiency and retained placenta, induction of estrus, uterine infections, ovarian cysts, and induction of birth. Inclusion of reproductive management variables showed that these moderate relationships disappeared, but directions of coefficients for almost all those variables remained the same. Dystocia showed a weak negative correlation with milk production efficiency. Farms that were mainly managed by young farmers had the highest average efficiency scores. The estimated milk losses due to inefficiency averaged 1142, 488, and 256 kg of energy-corrected milk per cow, respectively, for low-, medium-, and high-efficiency herds. It is concluded that the availability of younger cows, which enabled farmers to replace cows with reproductive disorders, contributed to high cow productivity in efficient farms. Thus, a high replacement rate more than compensates for the possible negative effect of reproductive disorders. The use of frontier production and efficiency/inefficiency functions to analyze herd data may enable dairy advisors to identify inefficient herds and to simulate the effect of alternative management procedures on the individual herd's efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Animal Health, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark. law@kvl.dk
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruun
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coelli
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Agger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D003718:Denmark; D004420:Dystocia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000662:veterinary; D007774:Lactation; D017059:Models, Econometric; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000662:veterinary; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary