title: The C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation and nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic nephropathy is a common cause of end-stage renal disease, responsible for about 35% of renal replacement therapy cases. The susceptibility to nephropathy is due to environmental and genetic factors and varies among individuals. Mutations of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been shown to be associated with a predisposition to diabetic nephropathy in some populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 326 patients with type 2 diabetes and 170 healthy control subjects. Genotyping for the C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allele and genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between the entire diabetic group and controls. There were statistically significant differences in genotype distribution between patients with nephropathy and those without. The diabetic nephropathy subgroup showed an increased frequency of the T allele as well as the TT genotype of the C677T mutation (p<0.05). The progression of renal failure to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in dialyzed patients with diabetic nephropathy was influenced by this mutation. The mean time from diagnosis to the onset of ESRD was 3.6 years for patients with the TT genotype compared with 7.3 years for the CC genotype (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene predisposes type 2 diabetes patients to the development of diabetic nephropathy. The T allele of this mutation seems to be associated with a faster progression of nephropathy to end-stage renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Multifactorial Diseases, Department of Nephrology, University Medical School, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bednarek-Skublewska
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buraczyńska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)