title: Asymmetric closure of ischiopubic synchondrosis in pediatric patients: correlation with foot dominance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The enlarged ischiopubic synchondrosis is a well-known anatomic structure; however, little is known about its physiology. In early childhood, enlargement of this synchondrosis occurs bilaterally, whereas before complete ossification, it is frequently found unilaterally. In most children, the unilateral enlarged ischiopubic synchondrosis is observed in the left hemipelvis, a finding that was hitherto unexplained. During common athletic activities, increased ground reaction forces are exerted on the weight-bearing nondominant limb, which in up to 87% of the general population is the left leg. The asymmetric exertion of these forces may explain the distinct closure sequence of this temporary joint. The purpose of this study was to correlate unilateral enlarged ischiopubic synchondrosis with foot dominance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort comprised 32 children who had undergone unenhanced radiography, CT, or MRI for reasons other than bone disorders and who presented with enlarged ischiopubic synchondroses. In these children, the distribution of enlarged ischiopubic synchondrosis and foot dominance were evaluated either retrospectively (n = 11) or prospectively (n = 21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cohort, 78% of patients were right-footed and 22% were left-footed. Nine of the 32 children presented with unilateral enlarged ischiopubic synchondrosis (left, seven [78%] of nine; right, two [22%] of nine). All children with enlarged left ischiopubic synchondrosis were right-footed, and all children with enlarged right ischiopubic synchondrosis were left-footed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral enlarged ischiopubic synchondrosis is closely correlated with foot dominance. The asymmetric ossification pattern of the ischiopubic synchondrosis indicates delayed ossification of this anatomic structure due to asymmetrically applied mechanical forces to the nondominant limb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Medical Center S056, Stanford, CA 94305-5105, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Herneth
authors.forename: Marcel O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pretterklieber
authors.forename: Csilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balassy
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Winkelbauer
authors.forename: Christopher F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002356:Cartilage / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007512:Ischium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016474:Weight-Bearing