title: Five-year outcome of laparoscopic and Lichtenstein hernioplasties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic hernia repair has been proved superior to open repairs in terms of short-term results, but long-term results of laparoscopic and open mesh repairs have been lacking until recently.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 123 patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups comparing laparoscopic and Lichtenstein hernioplasties in three separate trials. The first and second trials compared small and large mesh used in transabdominal preperitoneal repairs, and the third study compared totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty with the Lichtenstein operation. A 5-year follow-up visit was scheduled to assess recurrencies, symptoms, and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the follow up evaluation, 121 (98.4%) of the patients were reached. There were five hernia recurrences in the laparoscopic group (small mesh) and two in the Lichtenstein group (difference, 5%; 95% confidence interval, -4-13%; p = 0.3). One patient who underwent the transabdominal preperitoneal polypropylene procedure underwent reoperation 3 years later because of dense small bowel adhesions at the inguinal surgical site. Chronic groin pain was more common after open operation (0 vs 4) patients (difference 7%; confidence interval, -0.4-16%; p = 0.04). Ten patients (16%) in the laparoscopic group and 12 (20%) in the open group reported discomfort or pain at the surgical site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both laparoscopic and Lichtenstein hernioplasties have a low risk for hernia recurrence if proper mesh size is used. The patients who undergo hernioplasty with open mesh hernioplasty seem to experience chronic symptoms and pain more often than those managed with the laparoscopic procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, 90021 OYS, Oulu, PL 21, Finland. timo-jaakko.heikkinen@oulu.fi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bringman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohtonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kunelius
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haukipuro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hulkko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D017792:Surgical Stapling; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome