title: Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat lowers plasma cholesterol concentration in participants consuming dairy fat-rich diets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects on plasma cholesterol concentration of replacing cows' dairy fat with sheep's dairy fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised crossover dietary intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community, Dunedin, New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample of 41 healthy adults with initial plasma cholesterol concentration between 4.8 and 7.8 mmol/l.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were asked to follow a self-selected low-fat background diet throughout the study to which, during each of the 2, 3-week dairy diets, they were asked to add sheep's or cows' dairy products.
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy and nutrient intakes, plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids, and plasma cholesterol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Energy and nutrient intakes on the sheep-dairy and cow-dairy diets were very similar, with total, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat contributing 34, 18-19, 9, and 3% of total energy intake, respectively. Participants consumed approximately 50 g/day of dairy fat on each diet. Replacing cows' with sheep's dairy fat led to a 0.33 (0.11-0.56, 95% CI) mmol/l decrease (6%) in plasma total cholesterol concentration, from 5.53 (0.90, s.d.) to 5.20 (0.90) mmol/l. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was 0.18 (0.02-0.33) mmol/l lower on the sheep-dairy diet as was the concentration of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 0.11 (0.02-0.20) mmol/l. The LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio at the end of the sheep-dairy diet, 2.91 (1.10), was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the cow-dairy diet, 2.73 (0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the context of a diet high in dairy fat (50 g/day), replacing cows' milk fat with sheep's milk fat leads to a small reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration, but no change in the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. murray.skeaff@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Skeaff
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williscroft
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chisholm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D009520:New Zealand; D012756:Sheep; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol