title: Survey of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cataract treatment is evolving, thanks to new phaco systems and innovative surgical techniques. Recent ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) play an important role in the development of new approaches to surgery. Knowledge of the new techniques and advances in new OVDs is crucial to performing routine and complicated surgeries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viscoadaptive substances have been introduced as a particular kind of OVD and are distinguished by high viscosity at a low flow rate and a tendency to fracture at higher flow rates, assuming pseudodispersive behavior. The ultimate soft shell technique emphasizes the rheology of viscoadaptive OVDs to perform phacoemulsification procedures, exploiting all the useful properties of these OVDs in terms of space maintenance and tissue protection. Recent studies have highlighted some new and interesting aspects of the use of OVDs. Current reports suggest that the association of lidocaine and OVD seems to be safe and useful in providing anesthesia during cataract surgery. Concern has been expressed in other studies regarding the presence of contaminants, such as endotoxins, which may be responsible for postoperative uveitis-like reactions. Finally, OVDs are widely known to protect the corneal endothelium during cataract surgery. Their role is also assuming relevance in vitreoretinal surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New OVDs and related techniques represent an advancement in cataract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. tognetto@univ.trieste.it
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tognetto
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cecchini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravalico
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006801:Humans; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions