title: Earlier detection of amblyopia and strabismus by ophthalmologic screening card attached to the vaccination card.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1983, in Rijeka, Croatia, an ophthalmologic screening card was introduced for the detection and prevention of ophthalmologic diseases, including amblyopia and strabismus, in children. The card was attached to the vaccination card. The main goal of this study was to investigate whether this model of screening decreased the age at which children were first admitted to our Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly selected 100 of the 225 children who underwent examination for the first time in the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus of a clinical hospital centre in Rijeka in 1980, and 100 of the 412 examined for the first time in 1990. Only children aged 5 years or less who were born in the maternity hospital in Rijeka were included in the study. We reviewed the records for these groups, noting the sex, age, diagnosis, refraction and visual acuity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the children examined in 1980 was 4.4 (standard deviation 1.4) years, compared with 2.5 (standard deviation 1.2) years in 1990, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01, Student's t-test). In 1980, 17% of the children were under 3 years, compared with 80% in 1990 (p << 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ophthalmologic screening card contributed to reducing the age at which strabismus and amblyopia are detected. This method of detection has been applied to the entire child population, and detection is performed continuously.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia. tatjana@cyber.hr
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Filipović
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grzètić
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sviderek-Stalekar
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008499:Medical Records; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014611:Vaccination