title: Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in pregnant sheep.
abstract: We examined the stereoselective disposition of fluoxetine (FX) and its metabolite norfluoxetine (NFX) in five pregnant sheep. Racemic FX was administered i.v. to the ewe (50 mg) and the fetus (10 mg) on separate occasions. Maternal and fetal blood, maternal urine, and fetal amniotic and tracheal fluid samples were collected for 72 h. FX and NFX isomers were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. They rapidly crossed the placenta [maternal to fetal area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) ratios 0.59 and 0.65, respectively]. There was significant FX stereoselectivity with S/R FX AUC ratios averaging 1.65 +/- 0.33 and 1.73 +/- 0.29 in ewe and fetus, respectively, after maternal dosing. The maternal clearance and volume of distribution were also higher for (R)-fluoxetine than for (S)-fluoxetine. FX, NFX, and their glucuronides were present in maternal urine but accounted for only 3.4% of maternal drug elimination. In contrast, NFX was not detected in the fetus after fetal FX administration, which is consistent with the absence of measurable fetal nonplacental clearance of the drug and the lack of NFX formation in fetal hepatic microsomal incubations. There was also no fetal production of FX and NFX glucuronides in vivo. Both FX and NFX were extensively and stereoselectively bound in maternal and fetal plasma, with the free fraction S/R FX ratio averaging 0.46 +/- 0.06 and 0.58 +/- 0.10 in ewe and fetus, respectively. Thus, FX exhibits extensive stereoselective disposition, which is likely due to differential plasma protein binding of the FX isomers, and there is no detectable fetal formation of NFX, FX, and NFX glucuronides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BC Research Institute for Children's & Women's Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K Wayne
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Dan W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Rurak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D006207:Half-Life; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D012756:Sheep; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005473:Fluoxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C036139:norfluoxetine