title: [Surgical correction of orbital and periorbital deformities using lamella and complex osteotomies].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate surgical correction of orbital and periorbital deformities in orbital and periorbital region.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to reconstruct orbital deformities such as orbital hypertelorism, orbital dystopia, radiated orbit, and secondary deformities of traumatic orbit, lamella osteotomies of either orbital rim and wall or complex osteotomies of both adjacent orbital rims and walls using bicoronal or galea aponeurotica incision were employed. The reconstructed complex was placed in new position with rigid fixation. Clinic evaluations were performed before and after operative osteotomies such as cephalometry (measurement of interorbital distance, IOD), exophthalmos (measurement with Hetel exophthalmometer), the angle (between orbital horizontal level and bilateral tragus linkage, A-OT), and the linear distance (between lateral canthus and tragus, LC-T), then the gap differences were analyzed before and after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly normal orbital volumes, better contour of orbit and midface, improved eyelids and visions were achieved in total 44 cases. There were 5 cases of supraorbital osteotomy (intracranial routine), 8 cases of medial orbital osteotomy, 3 cases of inferior orbital osteotomy, and 28 cases of both lateral and inferior orbital osteotomy in these series. No complications were found after surgery. The orbital and midfacial appearances were improved significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamella and complex osteotomies of orbital rim and wall are proved to be safe and effective to correct most deformities of orbital and periorbital region and various kinds of orbital malposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200011, China. cranio@online.sh.cn
authors.forename: Xiong-zheng
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yi-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ru-hong
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sheng-zhi
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Di-sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009915:Orbit / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*