title: Toxicity of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytoreduction with hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment with a high morbidity. Optimal patients selection can possible reduce toxicity and complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complications and toxicity of 102 patients were studied. Toxicity was graded according National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) classification. A complication was defined as any post-operative event that needed re-intervention. Potential patients, tumor, and treatment factors were studied on their relation to complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grade 3, 4, or 5 toxicity was observed in 66 patients (65%). Eight patients died of treatment-related causes. Surgical complications occurred in 36 patients (35%). Fistulae were frequently encountered (18 patients). The risk of a complicated recovery was higher in carcinomatosis with recurrent colorectal cancer (P = 0.009) and in the case of more than five regions affected (P = 0.044), who had a Simplified Peritoneal Cancer (SPC) score of 13 (P = 0.012) and with an incomplete initial cytoreduction (P = 0.035). Patients with blood loss exceeding 6 L (P = 0.028) and those with three or more anastomoses also had an increased post-operative complication rate (P = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toxicity of cytoreduction followed by HIPEC was 65% (Grade 3-5 NCI CTC), with a surgical complication rate of 35%. Patients with six or seven regions involved and those in whom complete cytoreduction cannot be reached are probably better off without this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. v.verwaal@nki.nl
authors.forename: Vic J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Verwaal
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: Serge V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ruth
authors.forename: Frans A N
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Zoetmulder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil