title: O-sulfonation of serine and threonine: mass spectrometric detection and characterization of a new posttranslational modification in diverse proteins throughout the eukaryotes.
abstract: Protein sulfonation on serine and threonine residues is described for the first time. This post-translational modification is shown to occur in proteins isolated from organisms representing a broad span of eukaryote evolution, including the invertebrate mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis, the unicellular malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and humans. Detection and structural characterization of this novel post-translational modification was carried out using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on proteins including a neuronal intermediate filament and a myosin light chain from the snail, a cathepsin-C-like enzyme from the parasite, and the cytoplasmic domain of the human orphan receptor tyrosine kinase Ror-2. These findings suggest that sulfonation of serine and threonine may be involved in multiple functions including protein assembly and signal transduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Medzihradszky
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Darula
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perlson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fainzilber
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chalkley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogyo
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tyson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Burlingame
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D010455:Peptides; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013912:Threonine; D012694:Serine; C078717:ROR2 protein, human; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors