title: The influence of pulse and respiration on spinal cerebrospinal fluid pulsation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to elucidate the location and amount of spinal cerebrospinal fluid pulsations and to differentiate and quantify the cardiac and the respiratory influence.
  
  
  METHODS
  An echo planar imaging sequence was applied to 5 different levels of the spinal canal of 7 healthy volunteers. The amount of maximal flow and respiratory signal variation were determined by a time and frequency domain analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF pulsation was high in the anterior cervical and in the thoracolumbar spine. Respiratory influence rose by 19% at C1 and by 28% at T12. The systolic flow was elevated during late expiration and the diastolic upward movement was pronounced by early expiration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pulsation in the lower spine seems to be related to a second motor of CSF movement because there is a rising respiratory influence and a reappearance of pulsation waves. Physiological spinal CSF pulsation contains a relevant respiratory component.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany. sigrid.friese@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friese
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hamhaber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kueker
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012212:Rheology; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography