title: Mutations of neuronal voltage-gated Na+ channel alpha 1 subunit gene SCN1A in core severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) and in borderline SMEI (SMEB).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) is a distinct epilepsy syndrome. Patients with borderline SMEI (SMEB) are a subgroup with clinical features similar to those of core SMEI but are not necessarily consistent with the accepted diagnostic criteria for core SMEI. The aim of this study was to delineate the genetic correlation between core SMEI and SMEB and to estimate the frequency of mutations in both phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 96 healthy volunteers and 58 unrelated individuals whose clinical features were consistent with either core SMEI (n = 31) or SMEB (n = 27). We screened for genetic abnormalities within exons and their flanking introns of the genes encoding major subunits of the Na+ channels (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN1B, and SCN2B) by using a direct sequencing method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both core SMEI and SMEB, various mutations of SCN1A including nonsense and missense mutations were identified, whereas no mutations of SCN2A, SCN1B, and SCN2B were found within the regions examined. All mutations were heterozygous and not found in 192 control chromosomes. Mutations were identified in 26 (44.8%) of the 58 individuals and were more frequent (p < 0.05) in core SMEI (19 of 31) than in SMEB (seven of 27), as assessed by the continuity-adjusted chi2 test. Mutations resulting in a molecular truncation were found only in core SMEI. Among the mutations, two missense mutations were found in both core SMEI and SMEB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that SMEB is part of the SMEI spectrum and may expand the recognition of SMEI and suggest other responsible or modifying genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukuoka University, Japan.
authors.forename: Goryu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fukuma
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oguni
authors.forename: Yukiyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Sawa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohfu
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Aruchalean
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanachai
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kira
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muranaka
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sofue
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitsudome
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D062550:NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D062550:NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C568242:SCN1A protein, human; D015222:Sodium Channels