Paclitaxel and concurrent radiation in upper gastrointestinal cancers.
Effective locoregional treatments are needed for adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. Paclitaxel has been investigated as a radiation sensitizer for upper gastrointestinal malignancies. In esophageal cancer, the combination of low-dose weekly paclitaxel, platinum, and concurrent radiation therapy (RT) has substantial activity and is well tolerated. Regimens that add fluorouracil (5-FU) to paclitaxel and platinum or incorporate hyperfractionation radiation have a higher incidence of severe esophagitis. In gastric cancer, adjuvant concurrent paclitaxel, 5-FU, and radiation is being investigated in the cooperative group setting. In pancreatic cancer, paclitaxel may be a radiation sensitizer even to tumor cells that are resistant to paclitaxel as a single agent. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) demonstrated a 43% 1-year survival with paclitaxel/RT for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. This represented a 40% improvement in survival compared to the previous RTOG 92-09 study of 5-FU-based chemoradiation. Ongoing trials in pancreatic cancer are investigating the addition of gemcitabine to paclitaxel and radiation and incorporating molecular targeting agents.
Constantinou
Maria
M
Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Tsai
James Y
JY
Safran
Howard
H
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017239:Paclitaxel