title: Inhibition of IL-10 receptor function in alveolar macrophages by Toll-like receptor agonists.
abstract: Despite an immunosuppressive lung environment, alveolar macrophages (AM) retain the capacity to respond to microorganisms. This report demonstrates that IL-10, constitutively produced by normal alveolar epithelium, stimulates signal transduction through the IL-10R on AM and that IL-10R function can be inhibited by stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) on AM. IL-10 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed in normal alveolar epithelium of mice, and IL-10R were constitutively expressed on normal murine AM. Stimulation of AM through TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 was sufficient to inhibit IL-10R signal transduction, including phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 transcription factor. Inhibition of IL-10R function by TLRs was not associated with a decrease in IL-10R expression, but did require expression of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 adaptor protein. Continuous exposure of macrophages to IL-10 caused sustained expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5. However, the addition of TLR ligands inhibited IL-10-induced expression of CCR1 and CCR5. Finally, exposure of macrophages to TLR ligands blocked the ability of IL-10 to inhibit the induction of TNF-alpha by C2-ceramide. These findings demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism that may allow AM to overcome inhibitory effects of constitutive IL-10 in the lungs that may permit a more effective response to pulmonary infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Purnima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.forename: Margarita G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Avdiushko
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D053701:Receptors, Interleukin-10; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; C064769:N-acetylsphingosine; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053701:Receptors, Interleukin-10; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016753:Interleukin-10; C009900:lipoteichoic acid; D013110:Sphingosine