title: The effectiveness of nutrition education and labeling in Dutch supermarkets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nutrition education and labeling may help consumers to eat less fat. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of nutrition education with and without shelf labeling on reduced fat intake in Dutch supermarkets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design consisted of a randomized, pretest-posttest, experimental control group design. In total, 2203 clients of 13 supermarkets were included in the sample. Total fat intake of clients and behavioral determinants of eating less fat were measured by a questionnaire. A mixed-effect regression model was used for the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant effects were found for the educational intervention, alone or with the labeling, on total fat intake and the psychosocial determinants of eating less fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nutrition education and labeling of low-fat food products in supermarkets did not prove to be effective strategies. The fact that the supermarket is a highly competitive environment may have accounted for this lack of effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Open University, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Steenhuis
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Assema
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Breukelen
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glanz
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000145:classification; D004465:Economic Competition; D005515:Food Labeling; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats