The nucleosome: from genomic organization to genomic regulation.
Electron micrographs first confirmed that the eukaryotic genome is organized into repeating disk-shaped nucleosomal units composed of histones and their associated DNA. Those images made clear the function of the nucleosome in packaging and condensing the genome. Today, nucleosomes are recognized as highly dynamic units through which the eukaryotic genome can be regulated with epigenetically heritable consequences. This review focuses on the conserved protein structures that mobilize and remodel nucleosomes and specifically mark and recognize their histone and DNA components. These events directly impact DNA transcription, replication, recombination, and repair.
Khorasanizadeh
Sepideh
S
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. khorasan@virginia.edu
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004260:DNA Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D019281:Dimerization; D016678:Genome; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D012694:Serine; D001120:Arginine; D008239:Lysine