title: Novel method for the determination of added annatto colour in extruded corn snack products.
abstract: There is considerable interest in determining the added levels of the natural dye annatto in foods like snack products, particularly because they are mostly consumed by young people. The objective was to use response surface methodology to develop a new method to analyse annatto in extruded snacks. A pretreatment of the samples was necessary, digesting the ground sample with alpha-amylase at room temperature. The pigment was extracted by shaking with ethyl acetate at room temperature, eight extractions being necessary for completion extract the pigment. Lipids were removed by alkaline saponification. Under these conditions, 100% of the bixin was converted into norbixin, which was then quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method had a mean recovery of 97% and a coefficient of variation for duplicate analysis of 1%. Using this method, of the 13 commercial samples analysed, a parmesan cheese-flavoured snack product showed the highest level of dye expressed as norbixin (15.5 mg kg(-1)), whilst other brands of onion-flavoured snack products had the lowest levels (0.7 and 0.4 mg kg(-1), respectively).
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineer, State University of Campinas, C.P. 6121, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Rios
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mercadante
mesh_terms: D031212:Bixaceae; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002338:Carotenoids; C054041:annatto; C099823:norbixin