title: Modification of LDL with human secretory phospholipase A(2) or sphingomyelinase promotes its arachidonic acid-releasing propensity.
abstract: Oxidation and lipolytic remodeling of LDL are believed to stimulate LDL entrapment in the arterial wall, expanding the inflammatory response and promoting atherosclerosis. However, the cellular responses and molecular mechanisms underlying the atherogenic effects of lipolytically modified LDL are incompletely understood. Human THP-1 monocytes were prelabeled with [(3)H]arachidonic acid (AA) before incubation with LDL or LDL lipolytically modified by secretory PLA(2) (sPLA(2)) or bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase). LDL elicited rapid and dose-dependent extracellular release of AA in monocytes. Interestingly, LDL modified by sPLA(2) or SMase displayed a marked increase in AA mobilization relative to native LDL, and this increase correlated with enhanced activity of cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)) assayed in vitro as well as increased monocyte tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion. The AA liberation was attenuated by inhibitors toward cPLA(2) and sPLA(2), indicating that both PLA(2) enzymes participate in LDL-induced AA release. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that LDL lipolytically modified by sPLA(2) or SMase potentiates cellular AA release and cPLA(2) activation in human monocytes. From our results, we suggest novel atherogenic properties for LDL modified by sPLA(2) and SMase in AA release and signaling, which could contribute to the inflammatory gene expression observed in atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oestvang
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonnefont-Rousselot
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ninio
authors.forename: Jukka K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hakala
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Marit W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Anthonsen
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism*; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D010741:Phospholipases A; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase