title: [Pregnancy and type 2 diabetes: which fetal prognosis?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of childbearing age leads to an increasing number of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes. But published data on fetal outcome are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study from 1999 to 2002, we assessed fetal outcome (preterm delivery, perinatal mortality, congenital malformations) in 20 pregnancies associated with type 2 diabetes and compared the outcome to 40 pregnancies associated with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with type 2 diabetes are older (32 +/- 5 vs. 27 +/- 5, P = 0.003), more obese (body mass index: 28.3 +/- 4.8 vs. 22.8 +/- 5.5, P < 0.001) than women with type 1 diabetes. Their pregnancy usually is not planned (10% vs. 55%, P < 0.001). HbA1c during organogenesis is above 8% in 46.6% of type 2 vs. 26.4% of type 1 (P < 0.001). Compared with data obtained in the general population, a fivefold increase in preterm delivery (26.3% vs. 4.7%), a sevenfold increase in perinatal mortality (5% vs. 0.7%) and congenital malformations (15.8% vs. 2.2%) are observed. These results are similar to those obtained in type 1. In planned pregnancy, HbA1c during organogenesis is under 7% with no perinatal death and no major congenital malformation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy complicated by type 2 diabetes is a high-risk one, as much as in type 1 diabetes. Efficient pre-pregnancy care needs to be strongly encouraged in women with type 2 diabetes who also display many risk factors for adverse fetal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Service d'endocrinologie-médecine de la reproduction, hôpital de l'Archet, CHU de Nice, BP 3079, 06202 Nice 3, France. hieronimus.s@chu-nice.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiéronimus
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cupelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durand-Réville
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bongain
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fénichel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology; D005333:Fetus; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000150:complications*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin