title: Digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring: an audit and review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The measurement and assessment of digoxin concentrations are often performed poorly. We have conducted an audit to assess the appropriateness of digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring in Christchurch Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive requests for digoxin concentrations in Christchurch Hospital inpatients were assessed. The case notes and hospital medication records were reviewed to determine the indication for testing, the appropriateness of the sampling time and of the subsequent alteration to dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 53% of requests no clear indication for digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be determined. In the remainder, 'suspected toxicity' accounted for 31% and 'therapeutic failure' for 16%. Samples were inappropriately taken within eight hours post-dose in 32% of requests. In 19% of cases, the samples did not reflect steady-state conditions. In 5% of occasions, the subsequent decision regarding dose adjustment was felt to be clearly inappropriate, and there was uncertainty regarding appropriateness in some other cases. Overall, in only 29% of requests was TDM performed appropriately with regard to indication, sampling and subsequent dose alteration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At Christchurch Hospital, the practice of TDM for digoxin is often inappropriate. It would seem that medical staff education is required to improve this practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sidwell
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Begg
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004077:Digoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008485:Medical Audit; D009520:New Zealand; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004077:Digoxin