title: Neuroendoscopic management of intraventricular hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed our 7-year experience in neuroendoscopic management of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) to evaluate its safety, efficiency, and efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients with spontaneous primary or secondary tetraventricular IVH underwent neuroendoscopy. In all procedures, we used a flexible instrument. CT scans obtained before and after surgery were compared for Graeb score and ventriculocranial ratio. Glasgow Outcome Scale was assessed at 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, the procedure resulted in a substantial removal of ventricular blood. Graeb score was reduced by 65%, and ventriculocranial ratio was reduced by 30% (P<0.002). The procedure was carried out safely even in the presence of a vascular malformation, and no rebleeding or delayed hydrocephalus was observed in any case. Mortality at 12 months was 30.7%. Favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale, 3 to 5) was observed in 61.5% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuroendoscopic management of severe IVH in this cohort of patients was safe, efficiently reduced the amount of ventricular blood and ventricular dilatation, and effectively produced an outcome profile that compares very favorably with other more conventional treatments.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Longatti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinuzzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorindi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maistrello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carteri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome