title: Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence in kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence and its impact on activities of daily living in kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The continence status, severity, and impact of urinary incontinence on activities of daily living in female kidney transplant recipients was studied by using Sandvik's Incontinence Severity Index and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire. Clinical and sociodemographic data from post-transplant incontinent and continent participants were compared by using chi(2), Student t, and Mann-Whitney U tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred of 123 female kidney transplant recipients completed the survey for a response rate of 81.3%. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in female kidney transplant recipients was 28%. The mean Sandvik's Incontinence Severity Index score was 5.1 (median 3.5; 95% confidence interval 3.6, 6.6). The mean Incontinence Impact Questionnaire score was 12.9 (median 4.8; 95% confidence interval 6.7, 18.9). Incontinent kidney transplant recipients recorded a greater daily fluid intake on their 3-day diaries than continent kidney transplant recipients (2,951.9 +/- 1,228.6 mL compared with 1,854.6 +/- 614.8 mL, P =.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rate of urinary incontinence from interviewed kidney transplant recipients was 28%, which had minimal impact on activities of daily living and may not be predicted by a history of incontinence before kidney failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  II-3
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Nephrology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, MSPH M-18, 315 East Broadway, Suite 4002, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. mheit@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heit
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ouseph
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics