title: Ambulance emergency services for patients with coronary heart disease in Lancashire: achieving standards and improving performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the performance of a rural ambulance trust during two time periods, 1996/97 and 2001, with respect to achieving standards for ambulance journey times and delivery of clinical care for patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Audit datasets on two cohorts of patients with chest pain and suspected AMI were assembled by the Lancashire Ambulance Service NHS Trust in north west England: 3706 patients during 1996/97 and 3423 in 2001. They were transported to four hospitals. The analyses covered journey timings, role of rapid response vehicles (RRV), and clinical procedures and the results were compared with prevailing national standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hourly and daily usage patterns were similar in the two periods. During 1996/97 the national rural target of 95% of response times being within 19 minutes was achieved (96% of calls), unlike the target of 50% within eight minutes (45.3% of calls). During 2001, 2684 (78.4%) calls had response times within eight minutes thus exceeding the revised national target of 75%. RRVs were despatched for 1214 (35.5%) of calls in 2001, and the mean response time (SD) for these vehicles was significantly shorter than for front line ambulances (0:05:53 (0:02:49) versus 0:07:04 (0:04:19), p<0.001), likewise the mean call to hospital time (0:32:38 (0:09:28) v 0:35:01 (0:12:09), p<0.001). Patients in 2001 were more likely to be given aspirin by the ambulance crews (74% of cases), while the rate of cannulation was lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant improvement has been achieved in the performance of ambulance services in Lancashire since 1996, because of recently introduced strategies, notably RRVs, and in the presence of more demanding national standards and targets.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK. Boyka.Stoykova@brunel.ac.uk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stoykova
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dowie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bastow
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rowsell
authors.forename: R P F
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000552:Ambulances; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D004630:Emergencies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D004739:England; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D012424:Rural Population; D013997:Time Factors