title: A phase I trial of daily oral 4'- N -benzoyl-staurosporine in combination with protracted continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced solid malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  4'- N -Benzoyl-staurosporine (PKC412) is an orally available staurosporine derivative that inhibits protein kinase C. The objectives of this phase I trial were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), and the pharmacokinetics of PKC412 when co-administered with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU).
  
  
  METHODS
  PKC412 was given daily with a 21-day continuous i.v. infusion of 5-FU 200 mg/m2/day, repeated every 4 weeks. The PKC412 dose was escalated by a modified continual reassessment method. The steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of 5-FU, PKC412, and two of its circulating metabolites were determined during the first cycle of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 33 patients were treated with 70 cycles (median: 2, range: 1-4) of PKC412 at doses ranging from 25 to 225 mg/day. No significant toxicities were encountered with doses up to 150 mg/day. Among nine patients treated with 225 mg/day of PKC412, one experienced grade 3 fatigue and nausea, another developed grade 3 hyperglycemia, and three had grade 2 emesis and stomatitis, leading to early treatment discontinuation. Minor responses consisting of a 40-45% tumor reduction were observed in two patients, one with gall bladder carcinoma and one with breast cancer. Mean values of steady-state pharmacokinetic variables for both PKC412 and 5-FU were comparable to single agent studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommended phase II dose of PKC412 is 150 mg/day when combined with a continuous infusion of 200 mg/m2/day 5-FU. The dose limiting toxicity was grade 2 emesis and stomatitis and the regimen showed indications of activity. There was no evidence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jeder@partners.org
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Carbonero
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jeffrey G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Supko
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Puchalski
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deluca
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rothermel
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: LoRusso
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D019311:Staurosporine; C059539:midostaurin; D005472:Fluorouracil