title: Fatty acid and cholesterol composition of the uterine artery intima in relation to menopausal status, age, and serum cholesterol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogens modulate lipid metabolism and the increased risk of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women is at least partly due to the reduction of estrogen production after menopause. We studied the effect of menopause on the contents of long-chain fatty acids, free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester (CE) in uterine artery wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  The uterine artery intima samples were obtained in connection with surgery of 21 postmenopausal and 51 premenopausal women. The amount of FC, CE and phospholipid fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography after extraction and fractionation and these lipid values were related to menopausal status, age and serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Premenopausal females had significantly less intimal FC (161 +/- 50 vs. 407 +/- 276 microg/100 mg wet weight, P = 0.003) and CE (19 +/- 34 vs. 305 +/- 348 microg/100 mg wet weight, P = 0.050) and smaller proportion of linoleic acid out of all phospholipid fatty acids (4.2 vs. 7.2%, P = 0.002) than postmenopausal women after adjustment with age. The content of CE (r = 0.34, P = 0.025) and the FC-to-CE ratio (r = -0.45, P = 0.002) correlated with age in premenopausal but not in postmenopausal women. Moreover, the intimal content of CE correlated with the percentage of intimal phospholipid linoleic acid in postmenopausal women (r = 0.79, P = 0.020). The same was true for FC (r = 0.73, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that CE and FC accumulation into the wall of uterine artery depends on menopausal status, independently of age, and that the phospholipid long-chain fatty acid composition differs significantly between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. This suggests that estrogens may be involved in the regulation of artery wall lipid composition.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Medical School, P.O. Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland. hannu.jokela@pshp.fi
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salomäki
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teisala
authors.forename: Pentti K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Heinonen
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aine
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rontu
authors.forename: Reijo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Punnonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol; D019787:Linoleic Acid