title: Achalasia in the context of morbid obesity: a rare but important association.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The simultaneous occurrence of achalasia and morbid obesity is rare. Nevertheless, the surgical therapy of morbid obesity may be harmful, if undiagnosed achalasia were left untreated. We report the clinical presentation and response to treatment of achalasia in the context of morbid obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to 2002, 638 patients underwent surgery for morbid obesity. Preoperative upper gastrointestinal radiography was performed in all patients. Three patients had manometric confirmation of achalasia. The characteristic symptoms were recurrent episodes of regurgitation, chronic cough and aspiration. No patient reported dysphagia or recent weight loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had a duodenal switch procedure and in two a concurrent Heller myotomy was added. The other patient required a Heller myotomy after a duodenal switch had been performed, because the motility study was initially misinterpreted. All patients reported gradual resolution of presenting symptoms after myotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A careful symptomatic history focusing on aspiration, regurgitation and cough may identify the unusual combination of achalasia and morbid obesity. Treatment of morbid obesity alone may lead to progression of pulmonary symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gidon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Almogy
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Anthone
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Crookes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome