title: Comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis in analysis of phenolic compounds extracted from solid matrices with pressurized hot water.
abstract: Self-constructed pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) equipment was used in dynamic mode to extract spiked phenolic compounds (phenol, 3-methylphenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol and 3,4-dichlorophenol) from sea sand and soil. Phenols were analyzed by both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to compare the techniques and to find out if CZE is a suitable tool for analysis of phenols extracted from environmental matrix. Good recoveries of phenols spiked in sea sand were achieved at all PHWE temperatures (50, 100, 200, 300 C). GC-MS studies showed that phenols were selectively extracted from soil at 50 C but various other compounds (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons) were extracted along with the phenols at 300 degrees C. In the case of CZE, phenols extracted from the soil, at 300 C were separated with good resolution at pH 9.7, and co-extracted compounds did not interfere with the analysis. The analytical values obtained by GC-MS and CZE were generally of similar magnitude.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kronholm
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Revilla-Ruiz
authors.forename: Simo P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Porras
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hartonen
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carabias-Martínez
authors.forename: Marja-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Riekkola
mesh_terms: D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011312:Pressure; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D014867:Water