title: Lanreotide effect on splanchnic blood flow in healthy subjects: effect of the rate of infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Somatostatin is a naturally occurring peptide advocated for the management of hemodynamic complications of chronic liver diseases. The route of administration (bolus application or constant infusion) has been a question of debate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to explore the effects of the somatostatin analog lanreotide, given as a bolus injection or continuous infusion, on food-stimulated hemodynamics in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy subjects (6 men and 6 women) were studied in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, crossover study. After a baseline period of 60 minutes, each subject received either a placebo bolus injection and an intravenous infusion of 100 microg/h lanreotide over a period of 8 hours or a placebo infusion over a period of 8 hours and an 800-microg lanreotide bolus injection. Simultaneously, a liquid test meal (Ensure Plus, 6.3 kJ/mL; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill) was perfused intraduodenally at 3 mL/min over a period of 8 hours. Diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and superior mesenteric arterial and portal venous volume flows were measured at regular intervals by use of echo-Doppler technology. Plasma lanreotide levels were determined at defined intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lanreotide as a 100-microg/h infusion for 8 hours was bioequivalent with lanreotide as an 800-microg bolus injection (mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC] extrapolated to infinity [AUC( infinity )], 1844.3 ng.min/L versus 1971.0 ng.min/L; AUC(infinity) ratios, 0.99; confidence interval, 0.95-1.02), and clearance was identical (479.2 mL/min versus 413.4 mL/min, P >.05). As expected, significant differences were observed in maximum plasma concentrations (75.58 ng/mL versus 4.85 ng/mL, P <.001) after infusion and bolus injections, respectively. Lanreotide at 100 microg/h over a period of 8 hours was well tolerated and abolished food-stimulated splanchnic hyperemia in both the superior mesenteric artery and the portal vein (mean AUC above baseline values [AUC(ab)], 37.25 L/min.min and 0.51 L/min.min, respectively). In contrast, the same dose of lanreotide given as a bolus injection only temporarily blunted postprandial hyperemia (mean AUC(ab) for superior mesenteric artery, 251.4 L/min.min, P <.001; mean AUC(ab) for portal vein, 194.95 L/min.min, P <.001), and subjects had significantly more side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of tolerability and hemodynamic effects, an intravenous infusion of lanreotide seems superior to a bolus injection of the same dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cornel C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sieber
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beglinger
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bart
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tschoepl
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drewe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004386:Duodenum / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000502:physiology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C060347:lanreotide; D013004:Somatostatin