Protein sulfenic acids in redox signaling.
Reactive (low pKa) cysteine residues in proteins are critical components in redox signaling. A particularly reactive and versatile reversibly oxidized form of cysteine, the sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH), has important roles as a catalytic center in enzymes and as a sensor of oxidative and nitrosative stress in enzymes and transcriptional regulators. Depending on environment, sometimes the sulfenic acid provides a metastable oxidized form, and other times it is a fleeting intermediate giving rise to more stable disulfide, sulfinic acid, or sulfenyl-amide forms.
Poole
Leslie B
LB
Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. lbpoole@wfubmc.edu
Karplus
P Andrew
PA
Claiborne
Al
A
D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008715:Methionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013434:Sulfenic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D010545:Peroxides; D011506:Proteins; D013434:Sulfenic Acids; D008715:Methionine; D010544:Peroxidases; C021845:NAD+ peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; C013111:methionine sulfoxide