title: Improvements in muscle symmetry in children with cerebral palsy after equine-assisted therapy (hippotherapy).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of hippotherapy (physical therapy utilizing the movement of a horse) on muscle activity in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretest/post-test control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic Riding of Tucson (TROT), Tucson, AZ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen (15) children ranging from 4 to 12 years of age diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children meeting inclusion criteria were randomized to either 8 minutes of hippotherapy or 8 minutes astride a stationary barrel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Remote surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity of the trunk and upper legs during sitting, standing, and walking tasks before and after each intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After hippotherapy, significant improvement in symmetry of muscle activity was noted in those muscle groups displaying the highest asymmetry prior to hippotherapy. No significant change was noted after sitting astride a barrel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eight minutes of hippotherapy, but not stationary sitting astride a barrel, resulted in improved symmetry in muscle activity in children with spastic cerebral palsy. These results suggest that the movement of the horse rather than passive stretching accounts for the measured improvements.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. billbenda@earthlink.net
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Benda
authors.forename: Nancy H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: McGibbon
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome