The role of autonomy and pubertal status in understanding age differences in maternal involvement in diabetes responsibility across adolescence.
OBJECTIVE
To examine how autonomy and pubertal status explain age decreases in maternal involvement in type 1 diabetes management across adolescence, how they relate to metabolic control, and the reasons that guide declines in maternal involvement.


METHODS
One hundred twenty-seven children ages 10-15 years with type 1 diabetes and their mothers participated. Data included maternal and child report of diabetes management, child report of autonomy level, maternal report of pubertal status, maternal reports of reasons for transfer of diabetes responsibility, and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hba(1c)) values.


RESULTS
Autonomy and pubertal status partially mediated age effects on reports of maternal involvement. Mothers' reasons for transferring responsibility included responding to the child's competence, promoting competence and maturity in their child, and minimizing hassles and conflict. The transfer of diabetes responsibility from mother to child without sufficient autonomy and when pubertal status was low was related to higher Hba(1c) values.


CONCLUSIONS
The importance of chronological age for changes in maternal involvement suggests the need to examine mothers' and adolescents' developmental expectations for diabetes management. The reasons for transferring responsibility from mother to child suggest many avenues for intervention.
Palmer
Debra L
DL
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA.
Berg
Cynthia A
CA
Wiebe
Deborah J
DJ
Beveridge
Ryan M
RM
Korbel
Carolyn D
CD
Upchurch
Renn
R
Swinyard
Michael T
MT
Lindsay
Rob
R
Donaldson
David L
DL
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*