title: A functional MRI study of simple arithmetic--a comparison between children and adults.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine brain areas involved in simple arithmetic, and to compare these areas between adults and children. Eight children (four girls and four boys; age, 9-14 years) and eight adults (four women and four men; age, 40-49 years) were subjected to this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed during mental calculation of addition, subtraction, and multiplication of single digits. In each group, the left middle frontal, bilateral inferior temporal and bilateral lateral occipital cortices were activated during each task. The adult group showed activation of the right frontal cortex during addition and multiplication tasks, but the children group did not. Activation of the intraparietal cortex was observed in the adult group during each task. Although, activation patterns were slightly different among tasks, as well as between groups, only a small number of areas showed statistically significant differences. The results indicate that cortical networks involved in simple arithmetic are similar among arithmetic operations, and may not show significant changes in the structure during the second decade of life.
authors.affiliation: NICHe, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan. ryuta@idac.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Nobumoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Job
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*