title: Protection of plasmid DNA by a Ginkgo biloba extract from the effects of stannous chloride and the action on the labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m.
abstract: Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) is a phytotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of ischemic and neurological disorders. Because the action of this important extract is not fully known, assays using different biological systems need to be performed. Red blood cells (RBC) are labeled with technetium-99m (Tc-99m) and used in nuclear medicine. The labeling depends on a reducing agent, usually stannous chloride (SnCl2). We assessed the effect of different concentrations of EGb on the labeling of blood constituents with Tc-99m, as sodium pertechnetate (3.7 MBq), and on the mobility of a plasmid DNA treated with SnCl2 (1.2 microg/ml) at room temperature. Blood was incubated with EGb before the addition of SnCl2 and Tc-99m. Plasma (P) and RBC were separated and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, and soluble (SF-P and SF-RBC) and insoluble (IF-P and IF-RBC) fractions were isolated. The plasmid was incubated with Egb, SnCl2 or EGb plus SnCl2 and agarose gel electrophoresis was performed. The gel was stained with ethidium bromide and the DNA bands were visualized by fluorescence in an ultraviolet transilluminator system. EGb decreased the labeling of RBC, IF-P and IF-RBC. The supercoiled form of the plasmid was modified by treatment with SnCl2 and protected by 40 mg/ml EGb. The effect of EGb on the tested systems may be due to its chelating action with the stannous ions and/or pertechnetate or to the capability to generate reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. srfmoreno@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S R F
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Lima-Filho
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardo-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000187:drug effects*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D013667:Technetium / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017971:Tin Compounds; C023599:stannous chloride; D013667:Technetium; D004247:DNA; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m