title: Phylogenetic relationships among East African haplochromine fish as revealed by short interspersed elements (SINEs).
abstract: Genomic DNA libraries were prepared from two endemic species of Lake Victoria haplochromine (cichlid) fish and used to isolate and characterize a set of short interspersed elements (SINEs). The distribution and sequences of the SINEs were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among East African haplochromines. The SINE-based classification divides the fish into four groups, which, in order of their divergence from a stem lineage, are the endemic Lake Tanganyika flock (group 1); fish of the nonendemic, monotypic, widely distributed genus Astatoreochromis (group 2); the endemic Lake Malawi flock (group 3); and group 4, which contains fish from widely dispersed East African localities including Lakes Victoria, Edward, George, Albert, and Rukwa, as well as many rivers. The group 4 haplochromines are characterized by a subset of polymorphic SINEs, each of which is present in some individuals and absent in others of the same population at a given locality, the same morphologically defined species, and the same mtDNA-defined haplogroup. SINE-defined group 4 contains six of the seven previously described mtDNA haplogroups. One of the polymorphic SINEs appears to be fixed in the endemic Lake Victoria flock; four others display the presence-or-absence polymorphism within the species of this flock. These findings have implications for the origin of Lake Victoria cichlids and for their founding population sizes.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohey
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terai
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takezaki
authors.forename: Werner E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tichy
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahata
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D023681:Cichlids / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers; D040461:Gene Components; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D045483:Rivers; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020086:Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers