title: An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic mRNA surveillance mechanism that detects and degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTC+ mRNAs). In mammals, a termination codon is recognized as premature if it lies more than about 50 nucleotides upstream of the final intron position. More than a third of reliably inferred alternative splicing events in humans have been shown to result in PTC+ mRNA isoforms. As the mechanistic details of NMD have only recently been elucidated, we hypothesized that many PTC+ isoforms may have been cloned, characterized and deposited in the public databases, even though they would be targeted for degradation in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed the human alternative protein isoforms described in the SWISS-PROT database and found that 144 (5.8% of 2,483) isoform sequences amenable to analysis, from 107 (7.9% of 1,363) SWISS-PROT entries, derive from PTC+ mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For several of the PTC+ isoforms we identified, existing experimental evidence can be reinterpreted and is consistent with the action of NMD to degrade the transcripts. Several genes with mRNA isoforms that we identified as PTC+--calpain-10, the CDC-like kinases (CLKs) and LARD--show how previous experimental results may be understood in light of NMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.
authors.forename: R Tyler
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D002154:Calpain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018389:Codon, Nonsense / Q000032:analysis*; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030562:Databases, Protein; D006801:Humans; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020871:RNA Stability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D002154:Calpain; C415197:calpain 10