title: Prognostic value of intratumoral CD8+ T lymphocyte in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma as essential immune response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes form an important aspect of the host defense against an expanding neoplasm. CD8+ T cells have been identified as a prognostic factor in several cancers. Here, we investigate that the influence of CD8+ T cells on extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EBDC) patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD8+ T cell immunoreactivity in 58 surgically resected EBDC specimens was investigated. The relationship between CD8+ T cell immunoreactivity and clinical and histopathologic features was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two tumors (55%) possessed intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The degree of intratumoral CD8+ T cell immunoreactivity demonstrated a significant relationship to lower numbers of lymph node metastasis, reduced venous invasion, decreased perineural invasion, and better pTNM staging. Intratumoral CD8- T cells were also associated with increased patient survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of intratumoral CD8+ T cells was an independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The infiltration of a cancer cell nest by CD8+ T cells is a reliable marker predicting increased survival of patients with EBDC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. oshikiri@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshikiri
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shichinohe
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuoki
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakakubo
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate