title: Effects of ranolazine with atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem on exercise tolerance and angina frequency in patients with severe chronic angina: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with chronic angina experience anginal episodes despite revascularization and antianginal medications. In a previous trial, antianginal monotherapy with ranolazine, a drug believed to partially inhibit fatty acid oxidation, increased treadmill exercise performance; however, its long-term efficacy and safety have not been studied in combination with beta-blockers or calcium antagonists in a large patient population with severe chronic angina.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether, at trough levels, ranolazine improves the total exercise time of patients who have symptoms of chronic angina and who experience angina and ischemia at low workloads despite taking standard doses of atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem and to determine times to angina onset and to electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia, effect on angina attacks and nitroglycerin use, and effect on long-term survival in an open-label observational study extension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, 3-group parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 823 eligible adults with symptomatic chronic angina who were randomly assigned to receive placebo or 1 of 2 doses of ranolazine. Patients treated at the 118 participating ambulatory outpatient settings in several countries were enrolled in the Combination Assessment of Ranolazine In Stable Angina (CARISA) trial from July 1999 to August 2001 and followed up through October 31, 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received twice-daily placebo or 750 mg or 1000 mg of ranolazine. Treadmill exercise 12 hours (trough) and 4 hours (peak) after dosing was assessed after 2, 6 (trough only), and 12 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in exercise duration, time to onset of angina, time to onset of ischemia, nitroglycerin use, and number of angina attacks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trough exercise duration increased by 115.6 seconds from baseline in both ranolazine groups (pooled) vs 91.7 seconds in the placebo group (P =.01). The times to angina and to electrocardiographic ischemia also increased in the ranolazine groups, at peak more than at trough. The increases did not depend on changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or background antianginal therapy and persisted throughout 12 weeks. Ranolazine reduced angina attacks and nitroglycerin use by about 1 per week vs placebo (P<.02). Survival of 750 patients taking ranolazine during the CARISA trial or its associated long-term open-label study was 98.4% in the first year and 95.9% in the second year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twice-daily doses of ranolazine increased exercise capacity and provided additional antianginal relief to symptomatic patients with severe chronic angina taking standard doses of atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem, without evident adverse, long-term survival consequences over 1 to 2 years of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo, USA. chaitman@slu.edu
authors.forename: Bernard R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chaitman
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pepine
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skopal
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chumakova
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuch
authors.forename: Whedy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Skettino
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069458:Ranolazine; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D017311:Amlodipine; D001262:Atenolol; D000069458:Ranolazine; D004110:Diltiazem; D005996:Nitroglycerin