title: Automatic model-based evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided radio frequency ablation lesions with histological correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a model-based method for automatic evaluation of radio frequency (RF) ablation treatment using magnetic resonance (MR) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  RF current lesions were generated in a rabbit thigh model using MR imaging (MRI) guidance. We created a 12-parameter, three-dimensional, globally deformable model with quadric surfaces that delineates lesion boundaries and is automatically fitted to MR grayscale data. We applied this method to in vivo T2- and contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-weighted MR images acquired immediately post-ablation and four days later. We then compared results to manually segmented MR and three-dimensional registered corresponding histological boundaries of cellular damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resulting lesions featured a two-boundary appearance with an inner region and an outer hyperintense margin on MR images. For automated vs. manual MR boundaries, the mean errors over all specimens were 0.19 +/- 0.51 mm and 0.27 +/- 0.52 mm for the inner surface, and -0.29 +/- 0.40 mm and -0.12 +/- 0.17 mm for the outer surface, for T2- and CE T1-weighted images, respectively. For automated vs. histological boundaries, mean errors over all specimens were 0.07 +/- 0.64 mm and 0.33 +/- 0.71 mm for the inner surface, and -0.27 +/- 0.69 mm and 0.02 +/- 0.43 mm for the outer surface, for T2- and CE T1-weighted images, respectively. All boundary errors compared favorably to MR voxel dimensions, which were 0.7 mm in-plane and 3.0 mm thick.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method is accurate both in describing MR-apparent boundaries and in predicting histological response and has applications in lesion visualization, volume estimation, and treatment evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Roee S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lazebnik
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005682:Gadolinium; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium