title: Case report: requirement of supplemental morphine during sedation with propofol in a critically ill patient undergoing hemodiafiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Propofol has been shown to produce a predictable and easily attainable level of sedation in postcardiac, head-injured, general trauma patients. The commencement of hemodiafiltration itself has not been shown to significantly influence the requirement for propofol. We report on a patient who underwent binephrectomy complicated by sepsis-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Largest nonteaching hospital in Southern Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 18-year-old male underwent a surgical procedure for splenectomy and right nephrectomy for severe abdominal trauma. On the 10th postoperative day, the patient was admitted into our intensive care unit (ICU) for acute respiratory and renal failure due to ARDS and left renal infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration was carried out through a double-lumen cannula. Sedation was initially achieved with propofol up to standard doses into a nonfemoral venous site. Because the optimal level of sedation was not achieved, the initial propofol infusion rate was increase to 3.5 mg/kg, and then an intravenous bolus of morphine (.01 mg/kg) was administered twice daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of morphine was fundamental to achieving an optimal level of sedation. ARDS resolved and, 10 days later, the patient was transferred to the surgical unit, then discharged home after 14 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemodiafiltration was found to influence the clinical requirement for propofol. The optimal level of sedation is achieved with the addition of morphine.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Emergency, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imperatore
authors.forename: Paolo Francesco
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Marsilia
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Munciello
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liguori
authors.forename: Luigi Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gatta
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Occhiochiuso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness; D017583:Hemodiafiltration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D015742:Propofol