title: The murine winged-helix transcription factor Foxl2 is required for granulosa cell differentiation and ovary maintenance.
abstract: Human Blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) type I is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) caused by mutations in FOXL2, a winged-helix/forkhead domain transcription factor. Although it has been shown that FOXL2 is expressed in adult ovaries, its function during folliculogenesis is not known. Here, we show that the murine Foxl2 gene is essential for granulosa cell differentiation and ovary maintenance. In Foxl2(lacZ) homozygous mutant ovaries granulosa cells do not complete the squamous to cuboidal transition leading to the absence of secondary follicles and oocyte atresia. We further demonstrate that activin-betaA and anti-Mullerian inhibiting hormone expression is absent or strongly diminished in Foxl2(lacZ) homozygous mutant ovaries. Unexpectedly, two weeks after birth most if not all oocytes expressed Gdf9 in Foxl2(lacZ) homozygous mutant ovaries, indicating that nearly all primordial follicles have already initiated folliculogenesis at this stage. This activation, in the absence of functional granulosa cells, leads to oocyte atresia and progressive follicular depletion. In addition to providing a molecular mechanism for premature ovarian failure in BPES, these results suggest that granulosa cell function is not only crucial for oocyte growth but also to maintain follicular quiescence in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ovitt
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anlag
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fehsenfeld
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gredsted
authors.forename: Anna-Corina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Treier
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D000074842:Forkhead Box Protein L2; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D010053:Ovary / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000074842:Forkhead Box Protein L2; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498893:Foxl2 protein, mouse; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors