Interaction between rhinitis and asthma: state of the art.
Rhinitis and asthma are very prevalent allergic disorders with comorbid features, similar risk factors, and environmental triggers. Pathophysiological processes are linked via tissue histopathology, immunologic pathway, and inflammatory mediators. Allergen challenge of the upper airway can increase lower-airway responsiveness and allergen challenge of the lower airway can lead to upper-airway inflammation. Both allergic rhinitis and asthma exert a high social and economic burden in significant loss of work and school days as well as impairment for children and adults.
Frieri
Marianne
M
Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA.
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists