title: Surgical resection of lung metastases from epithelial tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the main characteristics of malignant tumors is the capability to disseminate, giving rise to local or distant metastases. Pulmonary metastases occur in almost 30% of all oncology patients, and secondary lung tumors are more frequent than primary ones. Surgical resection of metastases is now a well-established procedure, but the results vary with the histologic type of the primary tumor. We wished to identify factors affecting late survival after pulmonary metastasectomy for epithelial tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed retrospectively data for 78 patients who underwent 101 curative resections of epithelial pulmonary metastases between January 1988 and December 2000 at our department. Potential prognostic factors affecting late survival, namely histology of the primary tumor, disease-free interval, number and size of resected lung metastases, involvement of lymph nodes, use of nonsurgical adjuvant therapy, and relapse of pulmonary metastases, were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no operative mortality, and the postoperative course was uneventful in 91.1% of the procedures. The mean disease-free interval was 48.2 +/- 59.8 months, and the mean follow-up after the first pulmonary metastasectomy was 40.8 +/- 31.5 months. Mean overall survival was 81.0 +/- 10.0 months, and 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 47.4% and 37.7%, respectively. By univariate and multivariate analyses, the disease-free interval and the prognostic grouping system proposed by the International Registry of Lung Metastases were found to significantly influence the long-term survival. Presence of symptoms also showed an important influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resection of epithelial pulmonary metastases is safe and effective, and is associated with very low perioperative morbidity and mortality and a reasonable 5-year and 10-year survival. In the present study, the disease-free interval influenced significantly the long-term survival. Our results did not differ significantly from (and in many cases compared favorably with) those described in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Center of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eugénio
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis