title: Resident-to-resident violent incidents in nursing homes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about nursing home residents' injuries that are inflicted by other residents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess risk factors for violent injury to nursing home residents by other residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study using data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health's Complaint and Incident Reporting System and from Minimum Data Set assessments for Massachusetts nursing home residents. Cases had an injury sustained from an incident with another nursing home resident between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2000, which left visible evidence (ie, fracture, dislocation, bruise or hematoma, laceration, and reddened area) (median age, 81 years). Controls were randomly selected from all residents who had a Minimum Data Set assessment completed in 2000 (n = 101 429) and no injury report (median age, 83 years). A total of 1994 controls were included in the analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injury type and risk of being injured by resident-to-resident aggressive physical behaviors based on the specific characteristics of the injured resident.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first incident, 294 residents sustained fractures (n = 39), dislocations (n = 6), bruises or hematomas (n = 105), lacerations (n = 113), and reddened areas (n = 31). Injured residents (cases) were more likely to be cognitively impaired, exhibit symptoms of wandering, be verbally abusive, and have socially inappropriate behavior than the controls. Residents who were classified as needing extensive assistance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.6) and being severely dependent (AOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.27) had a significant reduction in being injured. Residents in an Alzheimer disease unit were almost 3 times as likely to be injured than those living in other units (AOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injured residents were more likely, perhaps unknowingly, to "put themselves in harm's way," be verbally aggressive, and be cognitively impaired. Interventions to prevent these incidents should focus on the behavior of the injured persons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass, USA.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinoda-Tagawa
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pontikas
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Paul I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Dreyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*