title: Pax6 and engrailed 1 regulate two distinct aspects of renshaw cell development.
abstract: Many of the interneuron cell types present in the adult spinal cord contribute to the circuits that control locomotion and posture. Little is known, however, about the embryonic origin of these cell types or the molecular mechanisms that control their differentiation. Here we provide evidence that V1 interneurons (INs), an embryonic class of interneurons that transiently express the En1 transcription factor, differentiate as local circuit inhibitory interneurons and form synapses with motor neurons. Furthermore, we show that a subset of V1 INs differentiates as Renshaw cells, the interneuronal cell type that mediates recurrent inhibition of motor neurons. We analyze the role that two V1 IN-related transcription factor genes play in Renshaw cell development. Pax6 (paired box gene 6) is necessary for an early step in Renshaw cell development, whereas Engrailed 1 (En1), which is genetically downstream of Pax6, regulates the formation of inhibitory synapses between Renshaw cells and motor neurons. Together, these results show that Pax6 and En1 have essential roles in establishing the recurrent inhibitory circuit between motor neurons and Renshaw cells.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sapir
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Geiman
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Velasquez
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goulding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064026:Calbindins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018390:Gene Targeting; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007395:Interneurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C080330:En1 protein, mouse; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; C073441:gephyrin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid