title: Protein kinase B/Akt acts via glycogen synthase kinase 3 to regulate recycling of alpha v beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins.
abstract: Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt is known to promote cell migration, and this may contribute to the enhanced invasiveness of malignant cells. To elucidate potential mechanisms by which PKB/Akt promotes the migration phenotype, we have investigated its role in the endosomal transport and recycling of integrins. Whereas the internalization of alpha v beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins and their transport to the recycling compartment were independent of PKB/Akt, the return of these integrins (but not internalized transferrin) to the plasma membrane was regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases and PKB/Akt. The blockade of integrin recycling and cell spreading on integrin ligands effected by inhibition of PKB/Akt was reversed by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Moreover, expression of nonphosphorylatable active GSK-3 beta mutant GSK-3 beta-A9 suppressed recycling of alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha v beta 3 and reduced cell spreading on ligands for these integrins, indicating that PKB/Akt promotes integrin recycling by phosphorylating and inactivating GSK-3. We propose that the ability of PKB/Akt to act via GSK-3 to promote the recycling of matrix receptors represents a key mechanism whereby integrin function and cell migration can be regulated by growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marnie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Trevor C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Der Sluijs
authors.forename: Jim C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048429:Cell Size; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D019096:Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D019096:Vitronectin; C494918:AKT1 protein, human