title: Long-term outcome of percutaneous coronary interventions following failed beta-brachytherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent restenosis following vascular brachytherapy (VBT) has been reported in up to one-third of the patients enrolled in clinical trials. The long-term outcome of repeat percutaneous intervention (PCI) after failed beta-brachytherapy is currently unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 97 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary reintervention after failed beta-brachytherapy at our institution (80.8% of all brachytherapy failures). Long-term incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE, death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was successful in 90 patients (92.8%). A new stent was implanted in 72% of the procedures (sirolimus-eluting stent in 16.5%). After 3 years, survival was 94.3%, survival-free from myocardial infarction was 86.7% and MACE-free survival was 66.1%. No difference was observed in MACE-free survival between patients originally treated with brachytherapy for recurrent in-stent restenosis and patients receiving irradiation for de novo lesions (68.2% de novo group versus 61.2% ISR group; p=0.6 by log rank test). Overall, a second target lesion revascularization was performed in 27 patients (27.8%) after an average of 11.2   11.2 months; 21 patients (21.6%) had restenosis, and 6 (6.2%) developed late total vessel occlusion (related to acute myocardial infarction in 2 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeat PCI is the most common choice after failed brachytherapy. This strategy appears to be a reasonable therapeutic option for this complex iterative pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saia
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sianos
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoye
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Willem J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van der Giessen
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Feyter
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Serruys
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001610:Beta Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013995:Time; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals