title: Long-term outcome of liver transplants for chronic hepatitis C: a 10-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in HCV-positive patients is almost universal. Severity of graft hepatitis increases during the long-term follow-up, and up to 30% of patients develop severe graft hepatitis and cirrhosis. However, there are still no clear predictors for severe recurrence. The aim of this study was to examine the 10-year outcome and risk factors for graft failure caused by HCV recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective analysis, 234 OLTs in 209 HCV-positive patients with a median age of 53 years were analyzed. Immunosuppression was based on cyclosporine A or tacrolimus in different protocols. Predictors for outcome were genotype, viremia, donor variables, recipient demographics, postoperative immunosuppression, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actuarial 5-, and 10-year patient survival was 75.8% and 68.8%. Eighteen of 209 (8.7%) patients died because of HCV recurrence, which was responsible for 35.9% of the total 53 deaths. Significant risk factors for HCV-related graft failure in an univariate analysis were multiple steroid pulses, use of OKT3, and donor age greater than 40. However, in a multivariate analysis, multiple rejection treatments with steroids and OKT3 treatment proved to be significantly associated with HCV-related graft loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of causes leading to graft failure in patients with HCV showed that HCV recurrence is responsible for one of three deaths in HCV-positive patients. Rejection treatment contributed significantly to an enhanced risk for HCV-related graft loss. New antiviral treatments, as well as adapted immunosuppressive protocols, will be necessary to further improve the outcome of HCV-positive patients after liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany. ulf.neumann@charite.de
authors.forename: Ulf P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahra
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puhl
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guckelberger
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langrehr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000601:surgery*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine