title: Adverse reactions of prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin infusions in Iranian patients with primary immunodeficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although long-term intravenous immunoglobulin infusion is an effective treatment for children with antibody deficiencies, it can be complicated by systemic adverse reactions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the adverse reactions of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one immunodeficient patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin were evaluated during a 7-year period (1995-2002) at Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Immunological diagnoses were as follows: common variable immunodeficiency (31 patients), X-linked agammaglobulinemia (25 patients), IgG subclass deficiency (5 patients), hyper-IgM syndrome (2 patients), and ataxia-telangiectasia (8 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-two cases (12.35%) of adverse reactions occurred following 1,231 infusions in 35 patients. The most frequent immediate adverse reactions were mild reactions (131 infusions), including chills, fever, flushing, muscle pains, nausea, headache, and anxiety. Moderate reactions, such as vomiting, chest pain, and wheezing, occurred in 19 infusions. Two patients experienced severe adverse reactions. The highest proportion (23.06%) of reaction to injection was in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous immunoglobulin is a well tolerated medical agent for patients with antibody deficiency. However, to prevent occurrence of immediate adverse reactions during infusion in these patients, physicians should perform a detailed history and proper physical examination and check the titer of anti-IgA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Children's Medical Center, Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghamohammadi
authors.forename: Abolhasan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhoudi
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikzad
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moin
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pourpak
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gharagozlou
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Movahedi
authors.forename: Lida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Atarod
authors.forename: Akefeh Ahmadi
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bazargan
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hosseinpoor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000628:therapy; D001260:Ataxia Telangiectasia / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017074:Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017099:IgG Deficiency / Q000628:therapy; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000628:therapy*; D007492:Iran; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous