title: Effect of supplemental L-lysine-HCL and corn source on rumen fermentation and amino acid flow to the small intestine.
abstract: Four lactating Jersey cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design trial to determine the effect of supplemental lysine in diets containing dry ground (GC) or steam-flaked (SFC, 360 g/L) corn on ruminal fermentation and amino acid (AA) flow to the duodenum. Supplemental L-lysine-HCL provided 10 g/d of additional Lys to the total mixed rations. There were no interactions between supplemental Lys and corn source. Supplemental Lys increased Lys intake, but did not alter nutrient intake and digestibility or N flow to the duodenum. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ruminal digestibility of starch tended to be higher, whereas ruminal digestibility of DM, OM, acid detergent fiber, and NDF was lower for diets supplemented with SFC compared with GC. Whole-tract digestibility was similar for both corn supplements. Ruminal pH and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids were not affected by supplemental Lys or corn source; however, ruminal NH(3) concentrations were lowest when SFC was fed. Intake of N tended to be higher and the flow of total N and individual AA to the duodenum was higher for diets supplemented with SFC. There was a trend for increased flow of microbial N for diets supplemented with SFC. Supplemental L-lysine-HCL did not alter ruminal fermentation, flow of amino acid to the small intestine, or nutrient digestibility, but feeding SFC reduced ruminal fiber digestion and increased microbial protein synthesis and flow of amino acid to the duodenum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Tifton 31793-0748, USA. jbernard@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Froetschel
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Trammell
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D000641:Ammonia; D013213:Starch; D008239:Lysine