title: Changes in urinary parameters after oral administration of potassium-sodium citrate and magnesium oxide to prevent urolithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine urinary parameters among normal individuals and patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones after oral administration of potassium-sodium citrate (KNa-Cit) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Urinary citrate and magnesium have been known as the inhibitors of CaOx stone formation. Supplementation with potassium-magnesium citrate prevents the recurrence of CaOx stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five male volunteers aged 21 to 42 years without a history of urinary stones were given either KNa-Cit or MgO, or both. Fourteen patients with recurrent CaOx stones were also given both supplements, and 24-hour urine samples were collected to determine the urinary parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of both KNa-Cit and MgO to the normal individuals increased the excretion of citrate, magnesium, and potassium by 70.0%, 44.2%, and 50.0%, respectively. These parameters increased less when KNa-Cit or MgO was administered individually. After administration of both supplements to the patients with stones, the citrate, magnesium, and potassium levels increased by 62.1%, 63.3%, and 25.3%, respectively, and oxalate decreased by 66.5%. In both normal individuals and patients, the ion activity product index of CaOx decreased significantly more after administration of the combination than with either compound alone or before administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of KNa-Cit and MgO is more effective than either supplement alone in inhibiting the crystallization of CaOx stones. The combination may improve the urinary parameters of patients with stones accompanied by hypocitraturia and/or hypomagnesuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yachiku
authors.forename: Shusaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakazono
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Kyokushin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000652:urine; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D019357:Potassium Citrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012107:Research Design; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D010758:Phosphorus; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D019357:Potassium Citrate; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium