title: Detection of Pneumocystis carinii by DNA amplification in patients with connective tissue diseases: re-evaluation of clinical features of P. carinii pneumonia in rheumatic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in induced sputum of patients with connective tissue diseases and assessed the clinical features of patients positive for P. carinii.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sputum was induced by nebulization in 29 in-patients with various connective tissue diseases who presented with symptoms suggestive of P. carinii pneumonia (PCP), and was examined by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detection of P. carinii DNA by PCR was significantly more sensitive than cytology; 54.5% patients were positive by PCR and only 4.5% by cytology. The prevalence of PCP was higher than previously considered and was especially high in patients receiving > 30 mg/day prednisolone with or without other immunosuppressants. P. carinii-positive patients had significant lymphocytopenia and a low serum IgG level compared with P. carinii-negative patients. P. carinii disappeared within 7-10 days after therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that the use of PCR for detection of P. carinii using induced sputum is a useful and non-invasive method that has high sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of PCP.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal