title: Lipoprotein(a) is an independent risk factor for peripheral arterial disease in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and determine the optimal cutoff in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum Lp(a) was determined in 557 type 2 diabetic patients (243 men and 314 women) recruited consecutively from a diabetes clinic at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9 was diagnosed as PAD (n = 45) and <0.8 as severe PAD (n = 20). Potential confounders included age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diabetes duration, insulin usage, smoking, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL and LDL cholesterol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of Lp(a) was right skewed and no significant differences for sex, WHR, insulin usage, smoking, hypertension, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed. In men, log[Lp(a)] was correlated positively with age, duration, and total and LDL cholesterol (borderline significant, P < 0.1) and negatively with BMI, triglycerides, and FPG (P < 0.1). In women, log[Lp(a)] was correlated positively with total and LDL cholesterol and negatively with triglycerides and BMI (P < 0.1). ABI was significantly correlated with log[Lp(a)], especially in men or in patients with PAD. The optimal cutoff determined by discriminant analysis was 13.3 mg/dl. Patients with Lp(a) above this value had a 2.7-fold higher risk of PAD after multivariate adjustment. Lp(a) also significantly increased from no PAD to mild and severe PAD (17.1 +/- 14.4, 23.7 +/- 20.3, and 36.9 +/- 22.8 mg/dl, respectively, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for PAD in type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan. The optimal cutoff is 13.3 mg/dl.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Meidcine, Taipei, Taiwan. ccktsh@ms6.hinet.tw
authors.forename: Chin-Hsiao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D002784:Cholesterol