title: Emergency room utilization in Copenhagen: a comparison of immigrant groups and Danish-born residents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to investigate whether utilization of the emergency room differed between immigrant groups and Danish-born residents in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compared the number of emergency room contacts during 1997 among different ethnic groups in the study population. Data were provided by the Statistical Office of the Municipality of Copenhagen. The study population consisted of 183,478 citizens residing in the catchment area of Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen on 1 January 1998. "Contacts" included 22,026 visits made to the emergency room at Bispebjerg Hospital during 1997. Both the study population and "contacts" were characterized by gender, age, income, and country of birth. The immigrants comprised nine ethnic groups according to country of birth. Data were analysed by Poisson regression comparing rate ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons born in Somalia, Turkey, and ex-Yugoslavia had higher utilization rates of emergency room than Danish-born residents. All other non-Western-born residents had utilization rates similar to Danish-born residents. Persons born in other Western and European countries showed a tendency towards less utilization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher utilization rates among some immigrant groups may be explained by disparities in health or lack of knowledge about the Danish healthcare system as well as barriers to seeking primary care including language, fear of discrimination, and low satisfaction with primary care. The challenge remains to identify these causal relations, and to find out why utilization patterns vary between immigrant groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norredam
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krasnik
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moller Sorensen
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keiding
authors.forename: Jette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joost Michaelsen
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonne Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002391:Catchment Area, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors