title: Control and regulation of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: Control of fetal lung growth and development is exquisitely orchestrated and regulated. Branching morphogenesis is carefully choreographed with cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a spatially and temporally dependent manner. Some of the signals and pathways mediating these events have recently been uncovered, but much remains unknown. The precise etiologic derangements that give rise to pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia remain elusive. Some clues have been discovered in developmental and signaling pathways that include receptor tyrosine kinase growth factors, homeobox genes, transcription factors, airway distension, retinoid signaling, and oxidation-reduction.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Jay J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schnitzer
mesh_terms: D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005325:Fetal Organ Maturity; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012176:Retinoids / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014132:Trachea / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D012176:Retinoids