title: Extended reuse of polysulfone hemodialysis membranes using citric acid and heat.
abstract: The concomitant use of citric acid and prolonged exposure to heat (CAH) is an increasingly common alternative to purely chemical means of reusing dialyzers. However, there are no data on the effects of reprocessing dialyzers with CAH beyond 15 uses. Increasing the number of reuses with CAH cannot be systematically undertaken unless its safety is documented. We hypothesized that discarding polysulfone dialyzers after the 25th rather than the 15th use would result in increased clearance of beta2-microglobulin (beta2MG) without clinically significant changes in small solute clearance or albumin loss. We studied 15 Fresenius F80B polysulfone dialyzers in five chronic hemodialysis patients. Dialyzers were reprocessed using 1.5% citric acid solution heated to 95 degrees C. Representative fractional collection and 10 minute timed collections of dialysate were performed at baseline and during uses 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 for each dialyzer. Dialysate-side urea, creatinine, and beta2MG clearances were calculated, and total albumin was measured in dialysate. We used a mixed model to adjust for repeated measures (both within a given dialyzer and for the multiple dialyzers per patient). Of the 15 dialyzers studied, 3 (20%) failed before the 25th use. There was no significant change in urea or creatinine clearance with additional reuse (overall p values 0.20 and 0.60, respectively). A sustained increase in beta2MG clearance was observed after the fifth treatment compared with the first use (p < 0.001). Fractional collection showed that dialysate albumin loss increased significantly with additional reuses (p < 0.001) but did not increase significantly above baseline until treatment 25. Reprocessing of polysulfone dialyzers with CAH 25 times significantly increased albumin loss and beta2MG clearance but did not appear to affect urea or creatinine clearance. Increasing the maximum number of uses to 20 may permit cost savings compared with current practice without additional risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. mtonelli@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonelli
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dymond
authors.forename: Sita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gourishankar
authors.forename: Kailash K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Jindal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019343:Citric Acid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017743:Equipment Reuse / Q000191:economics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013450:Sulfones; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013450:Sulfones; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; C017662:polysulfone P 1700; D019343:Citric Acid; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine