title: Clonal multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains associated with epidemic and sporadic dysenteries in eastern India.
abstract: Multidrug-resistant strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 were implicated in three outbreaks and sporadic cases of dysentery in eastern India in 2002 and 2003. After a hiatus of 14 years, this pathogen reemerged with an altered antibiotic resistance pattern. In addition to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid, all the recent strains were resistant to norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin and showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified a new clone of S. dysenteriae type 1 that was associated with the recent outbreaks and sporadic cases. Based on the spatial and temporal spread of multidrug-resistant S. dysenteriae type 1, we predict that this clonal type may spread further in this region.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, India.
authors.forename: Gururaja Perumal
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Pazhani
authors.forename: Bhaswati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Thandavarayan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Niyogi
mesh_terms: D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D012762:Shigella dysenteriae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial