title: Prolonged monitoring of esophageal motor function in healthy children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe diurnal variations of esophageal motor function in children using combined ambulatory 24-hour esophageal manometry and continuous intraluminal pH measurement (MP24).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of all patients referred for the performance of MP24 from 1995 to 2002 at a tertiary care center were reviewed. Patients were selected retrospectively for this study using the following inclusion criteria: (1) no dysphagia, (2) normal upper gastrointestinal barium radiograph, (3) normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsies, (4) normal stationary esophageal manometry, (5) normal esophageal pH probe, and (6) no gastrointestinal pathology appearing after long-term follow-up. Data from the MP24 of these children were retrospectively analyzed for differences between meal, upright, and supine periods using nonparametric univariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-three children had MP24 during the study period. Eleven met the criteria for normality and were included. Their mean age was 12.4 +/- 1.5 years. The number of contractions/minute in the upper, middle, and lower esophageal body differed significantly during meals and in the upright and supine periods (P < 0.01). A significant increase in motor activity occurred during meals (P < 0.01). There was less motor activity observed in the supine position than in the upright position (P < 0.01). There were significant differences in effective (P < 0.05) and total propagated peristalsis among the meal, upright, and supine periods (P < 0.01), with the largest percentage of propagated contractions observed during meals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first information on prolonged esophageal motor activity in pediatric patients without esophageal disease. MP24 in children demonstrates significant diurnal variations in esophageal motor function that is similar to the findings in studies of healthy adults.
authors.affiliation: Motility Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Denesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chitkara
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fortunato
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nurko
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies