title: Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor signaling in macrophages induces ligands for the NKG2D receptor.
abstract: Macrophages recognize the presence of infection by using the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family of proteins that detect ligands on bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. We show that murine macrophages stimulated with pathogen products known to signal through TLRs express ligands for the NKG2D receptor, found on NK cells, activated CD8(+) T cells and activated macrophages. TLR signaling, through the MyD88 adaptor, up-regulates transcription of the retinoic acid early inducible-1 (RAE-1) family of NKG2D ligands, but not H-60 or murine UL16-binding protein-like transcript-1. RAE-1 proteins are found on the surface of activated, but not resting, macrophages and can be detected by NKG2D on NK cells resulting in down-regulation of this receptor both in vitro and in vivo. RAE-1-NKG2D interactions provide a mechanism by which NK cells and infected macrophages communicate directly during an innate immune response to infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hamerman
authors.forename: Kouetsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Lewis L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lanier
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C527086:Klrk1 protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C491219:Raet1a protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014212:Tretinoin; D015054:Zymosan; D011070:Poly I-C