title: Blood pressure, nimodipine, and outcome of ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The reduction of blood pressure (BP) caused by nimodipine has been proposed as an explanation for the poor results in ischemic stroke trials. We evaluated further the relationships between BP, nimodipine, and outcome of ischemic stroke, and also searched for other possible explaining mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 350 participants of an earlier placebo controlled trial on oral nimodipine were included in this study. Among other variables, the admission BP, and the change of BP during the first day were noted. The 3 week and 3 month functional outcome was assessed with a modified Rankin grading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of stroke was the utmost important predictor of outcome. Visible cerebral infarction on computed tomography (CT) was associated with severe stroke and an early commencement (within 24 h of stroke onset) of nimodipine treatment. In the nimodipine arm, high initial systolic and diastolic BP measured < or =24 h of stroke onset were independent predictors of good functional outcome (Rankin grades 1 and 2), whereas BP change was not. The survivors in the nimodipine arm with mild to moderately severe stroke had higher initial BP than the deceased ones, in severe strokes the situation was the opposite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke severity, visible cerebral infarcts on CT, and early commencement of nimodipine treatment were associated. Overall, high initial systolic and diastolic BP predicted a good functional outcome in patients on nimodipine. In severe strokes, the combination of nimodipine and high initial BP was associated with increased risk of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. r.fogel@saunalahti.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fogelholm
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Palomäki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erilä
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaste
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009553:Nimodipine