title: The Belgrade childhood diabetes study: prenatal and social associations for type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether prenatal and social factors are associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. A case-control study was conducted in Belgrade during the period 1994-97. A total of 105 children </= 16 years old with recently onset of diabetes and 210 control children, individually matched by age (+/- 1 year), sex and place of residence, were included in the study. In the analysis using multivariable logistic regression, the following factors were significantly related to type 1 diabetes: poor socio-economic status (Odds ratio = 4.18, 95% confidence interval [2.01, 8.72]); higher education of father (1.53, [1.16, 2.03]); complications during pregnancy (3.39, [1.64, 7.00]); ultrasound scan during pregnancy (0.40, [0.20, 0.79]); gestational age > 41 weeks (11.11, [1.80, 68.52]); mother's consumption of foods containing nitrosamines during pregnancy (3.14, [1.68, 5.87]); and consumption of alcohol by father (4.54, [2.34, 8.79]).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro. sandragru@ptt.yu
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sipetić
authors.forename: Hristina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vlajinac
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kocev
authors.forename: Silvija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sají
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors