title: PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques targeting the DNA topoisomerase II gene for rapid clinical diagnosis of the etiologic agent of dermatophytosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have focused on the DNA topoisomerase II genes of several pathogenic fungi, and developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods targeting this gene for identification of dermatophytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the availability of the PCR-based identification for an etiologic study of dermatophytosis, by testing these PCR and PCR-RFLP methods for stability and reproducibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifty-six dermatophyte strains were isolated from 305 patients with tinea, and their genomic DNAs were used as templates for the PCR using primer mixes (PsT, PsME, dPsD1 or dPsD2) composed of gene-specific primers for identification of dermatophytes to the species level. The genomic DNAs of Trichophyton rubrum were further subjected to subrepeat element analysis of the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, six dermatophyte species (T. rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum) were obtained. In all cases, the identifications obtained from the PCR and PCR-RFLP targeting the DNA topoisomerase II gene coincided with those from the conventional morphological features-based identification technique. The sensitivity of the PCR-based identification was found to be a colony of approximately 3mm in diameter. Furthermore, T. rubrum was divided into three groups (17 types) on the basis of the sizes and numbers of the products generated from the TRS-1 region, and three types from the TRS-2 region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCR and PCR-RFLP targeting the DNA topoisomerase II gene were rapid, stable, and reproducible for species identification of dermatophytes, and thus are convenient tools for an etiologic study of dermatophytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Center for Neural Disease and Cancer, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi,466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanbe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008864:Microsporum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II