title: Potential of SPME-GC and chemometrics to detect adulteration of soft fruit purées.
abstract: The potential of combining solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography and chemometric data analysis to differentiate between pure strawberry samples (Fragraria ananassa) and strawberry samples adulterated with 10, 40, and 70% (v/v) apple purée was investigated. The method involved the extraction of aroma volatiles from the headspace of the purée samples using a SPME fiber followed by GC analysis with flame ionization detection. The principal component analysis (PCA) data matrix consisted of the relative percent peak areas of 37 compounds deemed to be significant in the differentiation of the samples on the basis of adulteration. The PCA results clearly showed that differentiation of the adulterated and unadulterated samples was possible, particularly at the higher levels of adulteration. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) using a dummy set of Y variables (set to 0 for unadulterated and 1 for adulterated samples) resulted in clear discrimination between unadulterated purées and those containing 40 and 70% (v/v) apple. PLSR using a second set of Y variables, consisting of the actual level of adulteration, enabled quantification of apple purée with a standard error of prediction of 11.6%, implying a minimum detectable level of 25% (v/v) apple. GC-MS analysis enabled identification of the compounds with the greatest influence on sample differentiation. These compounds were identified as hexanoic acid, 2-hexenal, and alpha-farnesene, all of which are key aroma compounds in apples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Linda.Reid@ucd.ie
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Colm P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Downey
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D031985:Fragaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis