title: Pharyngeal flap surgery: long-term outcomes at the University of Iowa.
abstract: The pharyngeal flap is the most often used surgical approach to treat the problem of velopharyngeal insufficiency, a common challenge encountered in cleft palate and craniofacial clinics. The authors retrospectively reviewed short-term and long-term measures of children treated with the pharyngeal flap at the University of Iowa Cleft and Craniofacial Center. All patients who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery between January of 1970 and December of 2000, with at least one postoperative speech assessment between 2 and 5 years after the operation, were identified. Both hypernasality and hyponasality were evaluated on a scale from 1 to 6, with 1 indicating no involvement and 6 indicating severe effect on resonance. Velopharyngeal competence was also rated on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 indicating competence and 3 indicating incompetence. These short-term data were then compared. The results showed that overall resonance performance continues to be adequate and may even improve as the patient continues to grow and mature. These findings support the use of the pharyngeal flap in the treatment of children with velopharyngeal insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Cable
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Canady
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Karnell
authors.forename: Lucy Hynds
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Karnell
authors.forename: Deonne N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Malick
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014833:Voice Quality