title: The Vanguard endovascular stent-graft: mid-term results from a single centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite initial enthusiasm for endovascular aortic repair, few descriptions of longer-term follow-up of any endovascular device have been published. This paper represents the experience of a single centre with the Vanguard device over a 5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients with a median age of 71 years (range 45-87 years) and aneurysm diameter of 59 mm (45-84 mm) received a bifurcated Vanguard stent-graft between December 1995 and July 1999. Follow-up was according to the Eurostar criteria (clinical assessment, plain film radiography and computed tomography) at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months and then annually thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All primary stent deployments were successful. Median duration of surgery was 120 min (70-360 min). Median post-operative stay was 3 days (1-19 days) with a peri-operative mortality of 5.5%. In the follow-up period (median 40 months, range 6-64 months) there was one aneurysm associated death, and 14 deaths due to other causes. There have been three device migrations, 12 occluded graft limbs, four type II endoleaks and nine type III endoleaks. At 48 months, this has resulted in a survival rate of 67%, an endoleak free survival of 81% and intervention free survival of 59% (Kaplan-Meier).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medium term results with the Vanguard device appear to be at least equivalent to open repair with regard to morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, several delayed complications appear to be related to endograft limb distortion. Important lessons have been learnt in relation to the deployment of bifurcated endografts to reduce the incidence of secondary limb related problems.
authors.affiliation: Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Holtham
authors.forename: J D G
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents