title: Macrophages of human first trimester decidua express markers associated to alternative activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depending on the type of their activation, macrophages may promote TH1- or TH2-type of immune responses. To date, not much is known about the activation phenotype of decidua macrophages, which - together with NK cells - constitute the majority of bone marrow derived cells at this location.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based on analysis of healthy first trimester decidua by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We analyzed expression of markers characteristic for alternatively activated macrophages (Mphi2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The markers MS-1 (stabilin-1) and coagulation factor XIIIa were found expressed in the interior of decidua macrophages (DMphi). In contrast, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme induced in macrophages by IFNgamma, was not present in DMphi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First trimester DMphi display phenotypic markers associated to alternatively activated macrophages. In addition, absence of IDO indicates that DMphi are not under a predominant influence of IFNgamma.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Kristijan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cupurdija
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azzola
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hainz
authors.forename: Alexei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gratchev
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heitger
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takikawa
authors.forename: Sergij
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goerdt
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wintersteiger
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dohr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sedlmayr
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D049308:Dioxygenases; D015944:Factor VIIIa / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing; C449926:STAB1 protein, human; D015944:Factor VIIIa; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010105:Oxygenases; D049308:Dioxygenases