title: Opioid receptors and their ligands.
abstract: This review gives a historical perspective, summarizing approximately 25 years of research on opioids. The "typical" opioid peptides produced in the brain, "atypical" opioids encrypted in milk protein or hemoglobin sequences, and extremely potent and selective opioids of amphibian origin are described. The main focus is on the structure-activity relationship studies of peptide ligands for three main opioid receptor types (micro, delta, kappa), their selectivities and pharmacological activities in vitro. Chemical modifications that led to obtaining potent and selective agonists and antagonists for these receptors are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. ajanecka@zdn.am.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janecka
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fichna
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janecki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004399:Dynorphins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004745:Enkephalins; D008024:Ligands; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009842:Oligopeptides; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C059567:deltorphin; D004399:Dynorphins; C053673:biphalin