title: CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 suppresses replication of CCR5-tropic HIV-1 in human lymphoid tissue by selective induction of CC-chemokines.
abstract: In infected individuals, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exist as a "swarm" of quasi species compartmentalized in tissues where individual viral variants may interact locally. We have used human lymphoid tissue, where the critical events of HIV disease occur, to study local interactions in model HIV-1 binary swarms ex vivo. We infected tissue blocks with binary mixtures consisting either of CCR5-dependent and CXCR4-dependent variants or of 2 dual-tropic HIV-1 variants, of which one is skewed to utilization of CXCR4 and the other of CCR5. HIV-1 variants that use CXCR4 suppress replication of CCR5-dependent HIV-1 variants, whereas CCR5-dependent HIV-1 variants do not affect replication of CXCR4-dependent HIV-1. CC-chemokines that inhibit replication of CCR5-dependent HIV-1 variants were up-regulated by CXCR4-dependent HIV-1, thus possibly contributing to this suppression. Tissue-specific chemokine/cytokine network modulations triggered by individual HIV-1 variants may be an important mechanism of local interactions among HIV-1 quasi species in infected tissue.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Grivel
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiselyeva
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reichelderfer
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D014066:Palatine Tonsil; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000502:physiology*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000502:physiology*; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D015728:Receptors, HIV