title: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage T2 bladder cancer: report of a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for clinical Stage T2 bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2002, 43 patients were treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for clinical Stage T2 bladder cancer. After complete bladder transurethral resection, all patients underwent chemotherapy, consisting of one daily infusion of cisplatin at a dose of 15 mg/m2 and 5-fluorouracil at a dose of 400 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3 (first cycle) and days 15 to 17 (second cycle). Pelvic irradiation was administered at a dose of 24 Gy, using two daily fractions of 3 Gy on days 1, 3, 15, and 17. Random biopsies were performed 6 weeks after the end of the first two cycles. Patients with persistent invasive tumor underwent cystectomy; others received two additional cycles of concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up was 36.3 months (range 3 to 72). Nine patients underwent early cystectomy for nonresponse, and 2 patients underwent delayed cystectomy. The overall rate of cystectomy was 25.6%. The rate of specific survival at 3 and 5 years was 75% and 60%, respectively. The overall rate of recurrence-free survival at 3 and 5 years was 63% and 33%, respectively. Two factors correlated with patient survival: the presence of carcinoma in situ at first resection (P = 0.01) and the response after the first two cycles (half dose; P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, concurrent chemoradiotherapy is less effective than primary cystectomy for clinical Stage T2 bladder cancer. This treatment may be unwarranted in patients with concomitant carcinoma in situ at the first resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peyromaure
authors.forename: Jerôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beuzeboc
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ponvert
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Debré
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zerbib
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil