title: Estimating blood-brain barrier opening in a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation with Patlak plots of Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced MRI.
abstract: Patlak plot processing of Gd-shifted T1 relaxation-time images from a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation yielded estimates and maps of the blood-to-brain influx rate constant of Gd-DTPA (K1). The Patlak plots also produced a heretofore unrecognized parameter, the distribution space of the intravascular-Gd-shifted protons (Vp), an index of blood-to-tissue transfer of water. The K1 values for Gd-DTPA were very high for the regions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening and were similar to those of 14C-sucrose concurrently obtained by quantitative autoradiographic (QAR) analysis. In these same ROI's, Vp was five-fold greater than normal, which suggests that the permeability of the BBB to water was also increased. The 14C-sucrose space of distribution in the ischemic ROI's was around 8%, thus indicating a sizable interstitial space. The spatial resolving power of Gd-DTPA-deltaT1 imaging was rather good, although no match for 14C-sucrose-QAR. This study shows that quantitative deltaT1-MRI estimates of regional blood-brain transfer constants of Gd-DTPA and water distribution are possible when Patlak plots are employed to process the data. This approach may be useful for tracking the time-course of BBB barrier function in both animals and humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI 49202, USA. anjdf@neuro.hfh.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fenstermacher
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagesh
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Arniego
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA