title: A dose titration of triamcinolone acetonide on insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin-1-conditioned equine cartilage explants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous in vitro pilot studies have defined a potentially beneficial effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on interleukin-1 (IL-1)-conditioned equine cartilage. Furthermore, an optimal dose for IGF-1 treatment alone has been documented previously using the same test system as in the current project.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform a dose titration of TA on IL-1-conditioned equine articular cartilage explants in the presence of an optimised IGF-1 dose, in order to optimise a triamcinolone concentration for use in combination with IGF-1 for future investigations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cartilage explants were harvested from the distal femur of a normal horse. The effect of a clinically relevant TA dose range was evaluated in the presence of IL-1 and IGF-1 through measurement of proteoglycan (PG) matrix metabolism (synthesis and degradation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TA and IGF-1 in combination inhibited the IL-1-induced release of PG matrix components (glycosaminoglycan or GAG) from the articular cartilage, as well as producing a significant increase in GAG synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experiment provided proof of principle that a combination treatment appears to be able to combat the IL-1-induced matrix depletion, while enhancing anabolic metabolism within the articular cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of IGF-1 in conjunction with TA in vivo has the potential to provide beneficial anabolic effects not seen with TA alone.
authors.affiliation: Equine Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Frisbie
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McIlwraith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006736:Horses; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide