title: History of the clinical use of botulinum toxin A and B.
abstract: The history of the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin (BTX) must begin with the clinical use of BTX in humans. This came out of Alan Scott's work, which was initially an attempt to find a nonsurgical treatment for some forms of strabismus. Alan Scott put together the idea of Ed Maumenee to use BTX to affect extraocular muscles, Art Jampolsky's electromyographic control delivery system, and Ed Schantz' work on the purification of BTX.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. alastair@carruthers.net
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carruthers
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000266:history*; D005544:Forecasting; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins