title: Mechanisms of ischemic brain injury.
abstract: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. Approximately 80% of all strokes are ischemic and there are limited therapies approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Understanding the mechanisms of ischemic brain damage is necessary for the development of innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the hemodynamic and molecular mechanisms of ischemic brain damage and the potential therapeutic strategies, including reperfusion and primary and secondary neuroprotection, and strategies for recovery of function, such as neural plasticity and stem cell transplantation. The effective treatment of ischemic stroke is likely to result from a combination of therapeutic modalities aimed at different mechanisms of ischemic brain damage and delivered at specific times after acute cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, H 506, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Vallabh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Janardhan
authors.forename: Adnan I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015424:Reperfusion; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D016202:N-Methylaspartate