title: Convergent evidence for impaired AKT1-GSK3beta signaling in schizophrenia.
abstract: AKT-GSK3beta signaling is a target of lithium and as such has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Here, we provide evidence that this signaling pathway also has a role in schizophrenia. Specifically, we present convergent evidence for a decrease in AKT1 protein levels and levels of phosphorylation of GSK3beta at Ser9 in the peripheral lymphocytes and brains of individuals with schizophrenia; a significant association between schizophrenia and an AKT1 haplotype associated with lower AKT1 protein levels; and a greater sensitivity to the sensorimotor gating-disruptive effect of amphetamine, conferred by AKT1 deficiency. Our findings support the proposal that alterations in AKT1-GSK3beta signaling contribute to schizophrenia pathogenesis and identify AKT1 as a potential schizophrenia susceptibility gene. Consistent with this proposal, we also show that haloperidol induces a stepwise increase in regulatory phosphorylation of AKT1 in the brains of treated mice that could compensate for an impaired function of this signaling pathway in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Human Neurogenetics, 1230 York Avenue, Box #313, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Effat S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Emamian
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Morris J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karayiorgou
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gogos
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012694:Serine; D010770:Phosphotransferases; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D006220:Haloperidol