title: Adjuvant-mediated tumor regression and tumor-specific cytotoxic response are impaired in MyD88-deficient mice.
abstract: The Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) activates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, but unlike the typical TLR4 agonist bacterial lipopolysaccharide barely induces type 1 IFN. BCG-CWS has been used for adjuvant immunotherapy for patients with cancer. We investigated the adjuvant potential of BCG-CWS for induction of CTLs subsequent to TLR-mediated dendritic cell (DC) maturation, using a syngeneic mouse tumor model (B16 melanoma in C57BL/6). We evaluated the retardation of tumor growth and cytotoxic response in wild-type and MyD88-/- mice immunized with tumor debris and/or BCG-CWS. Delays in tumor growth and cytotoxic response were induced by immunization with a mixture of BCG-CWS emulsion and the tumor. BCG-CWS was capable of activating DCs ex vivo by the criteria of CD80/CD86 up-regulation and cytokine (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) induction. Efficient tumor suppression and ex vivo cytokine induction did not occur in MyD88-deficient mice and cells, suggesting that the MyD88 adapter is crucial for induction of tumor cytotoxicity. Because TLR4 is involved in both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways and the latter affects DC maturation, our findings indicate that both pathways cooperate to induce CTL-based tumor immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.forename: Hisayo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuzushima
authors.forename: Toshitada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
authors.forename: Kumao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seya
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001500:BCG Vaccine; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic