title: Analysis of T cell responses against hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Egypt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Egypt. Despite the high prevalence of HCV and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) in Egypt, the effect of co-infection on the immune response against HCV genotype 4a has not been extensively examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the HCV 4a-specific responses against the core and non-structural 5B proteins in chronic HCV with or without S. mansoni co-infection in 38 volunteers from Egypt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCV 4a-specific responses were detected in 8/15 and 13/23 individuals with HCV alone or with concomitant schistosomiasis, respectively. Despite the alteration in the Th1 cytokine profile caused by schistosomiasis, the overall immune response rate against HCV was not affected (P=0.11). Seven individuals demonstrated HCV-specific responses against conserved regions of the Core that were previously identified for genotypes 1, 2 and 3 despite differences in HLA class I distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Egyptian patients infected with HCV genotype 4 can mount HCV-specific T cell responses, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated, despite the prevalence of concomitant schistosomiasis. These findings suggest that S. mansoni co-infection may not represent a major obstacle to developing an HCV vaccine in this population.
authors.affiliation: California Department of Health Services, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, VRDL, Richmond, CA 94804, USA. melrefae@dhs.ca.gov
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elrefaei
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-sheikh
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Huyen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D004534:Egypt; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral