title: Benefit of clopidogrel over aspirin is amplified in patients with a history of ischemic events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the influence of preexisting symptomatic atherosclerotic disease on subsequent ischemic event rates and compare the efficacy of clopidogrel versus aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) in patients with such disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the CAPRIE database, we performed multivariate analyses for patients who had symptomatic atherosclerotic disease (ischemic stroke [IS] or myocardial infarction [MI]) in their medical history before enrollment in the Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial. Two composite end points were used: (1) IS, MI, or vascular death and (2) IS, MI, or rehospitalization for ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CAPRIE population, prior IS and MI each were statistically significant predictors of subsequent ischemic events. Compared with the overall population, patients with preexisting symptomatic atherosclerotic disease had elevated event rates for the end point of IS, MI, or vascular death; 3-year rates were 20.4% with clopidogrel and 23.8% with ASA (absolute risk reduction, 3.4%; 95% CI, -0.2 to 7.0; number needed to treat, 29; relative risk reduction, 14.9%; P=0.045). Similar results were obtained for the end point of IS, MI, or rehospitalization for ischemia; 3-year event rates were 32.7% with clopidogrel and 36.6% with ASA (absolute risk reduction, 3.9%; 95% CI, -0.4 to 8.1; number needed to treat, 26; relative risk reduction, 12.0%; P=0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAPRIE patients with a history of prior symptomatic atherosclerotic disease had a high rate of subsequent ischemic events. The absolute benefit of clopidogrel over ASA seemed to be amplified in such high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ringleb
authors.forename: Deepak L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Alan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hacke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012306:Risk; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015996:Survival Rate; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin