title: Glucose transporter content and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle constructs engineered in vitro.
abstract: Engineered muscle may eventually be used as a treatment option for patients suffering from loss of muscle function. The metabolic and contractile function of engineered muscle has not been well described; therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to study glucose transporter content and glucose uptake in engineered skeletal muscle constructs called myooids. Glucose uptake by way of 2-deoxyglucose and GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 transporter protein content was measured in basal and insulin-stimulated myooids that were engineered from soleus muscles of female Sprague-Dawley rats. There was a significant increase in the basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake of myooids compared with adult control (fivefold), contraction-stimulated (3.4-fold), and insulin-stimulated (threefold) soleus muscles (P = 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). In addition, there was a significant increase in the insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake of myooids compared with adult control soleus muscles in basal conditions (6.5-fold) and adult contraction-stimulated (4.5-fold) and insulin- stimulated (3.9-fold) soleus muscles (P = 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). There was a significant 30% increase in insulin-stimulated compared with basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the myooids. The myooid GLUT-1 protein content was 820% of the adult control soleus muscle, whereas the GLUT-4 protein content was 130% of the control soleus muscle. Myooid GLUT-1 protein content was 6.3-fold greater than GLUT-4 protein content, suggesting that the glucose transport of the engineered myooids is similar in several respects to that observed in both fetal and denervated skeletal muscle tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2007, USA.
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Larkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002469:Cell Separation; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C495679:Slc2a1 protein, rat; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose