title: Social support and depressed mood in isolated and confined environments.
abstract: The influence of isolation and confinement on social support and depressed mood was examined in a study of 235 men and women who spent a year at McMurdo Station in Antarctica, and a study of 77 men and women who spent a year at the Amundson-Scott South Pole Station. Although availability of support remained unchanged, there was a significant decrease in reported satisfaction with support obtained, as well as a significant increase in depressed mood. Satisfaction with support was inversely associated with depressed mood at the beginning and end of isolation and confinement. At the end of winter, this association varied by source of support. High levels of tension-anxiety, depression and anger preceded an increase in advice seeking, but high levels of advice seeking also preceded an increase in tension-anxiety and depression. Results suggest a significant erosion of social support under conditions of prolonged isolation and confinement, leading to an increase in depressed mood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0807, USA. lpalinkas@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Palinkas
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Boster
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000339:Affect; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D003081:Cold Climate; D003624:Darkness; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005101:Expeditions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012621:Seasons; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological