title: [Cosmetic surgery, certificates and the 'head-baker' of Eeclo].
abstract: The legend of the head-baker of Eeclo, an imaginary cosmetic surgeon, clearly illustrates that the improvement of the human physionomy was of great interest to people as long ago as the mid-16th century. In order to display their credentials the surgeons of that time and in the succeeding centuries would display certificates that testified in glowing terms to their knowledge and expertise. One only has to open a modern newspaper to see that this phenomenon has not died out.
authors.affiliation: jnkeeman@xs4all.nl
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Keeman
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000266:history*; D001504:Beauty; D004954:Esthetics / Q000266:history; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008512:Medicine in the Arts; D009426:Netherlands; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000266:history*