title: Role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of the adnexa in patients with stage IV breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the utility of laparoscopic evaluation of adnexal masses in women with stage IV breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of gynecologic and breast surgery databases at our institution was performed to identify patients with stage IV breast cancer who underwent surgical evaluation for an adnexal mass or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) between January 1986 and August 2002. Patient demographics and operative and pathologic findings were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients were identified. Median age was 47 years (range, 25-79 years). Pathology of the primary breast tumor was infiltrating ductal carcinoma in 58%, invasive lobular carcinoma in 29%, and unspecified in 13%. Median time from diagnosis of stage IV breast cancer to surgical evaluation of the adnexa was 15 months (range, 0-106 months). Surgery consisted of planned laparotomy in four patients and laparoscopic evaluation in 27 patients. Six patients had laparoscopic BSO for hormonal ablation. The remaining 21 patients had laparoscopic evaluation of an adnexal mass. Conversion to laparotomy occurred in three patients based on intraoperative findings of suspected primary ovarian cancer and for technical reasons in one patient. Overall, metastatic breast cancer was diagnosed in 21 (68%) of 31 patients, including two patients with occult metastases undergoing BSO for hormonal ablation. Primary ovarian cancer was found in 3 (10%) of 31 patients, and 7 (22%) of 31 patients had benign findings. Pathologic intraoperative frozen section was obtained in 21 (84%) of 25 patients undergoing laparoscopic evaluation for an adnexal mass. Intraoperative frozen section was concordant with final pathology in 20 (95%) of 21 patients (18 on laparoscopic evaluation, two on laparotomy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with stage IV breast cancer who present with an adnexal mass will be diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. A small subset of patients will be diagnosed with primary ovarian cancer; thus, the evaluation of an adnexal mass even in this stage IV setting is warranted. Accurate diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer versus ovarian cancer can be made laparoscopically, thereby avoiding laparotomy in the metastatic breast cancer setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: May Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fey
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eitan
authors.forename: Nadeem R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Abu-Rustum
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: Patrick I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Borgen
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gemignani
mesh_terms: D000290:Adnexa Uteri / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies