title: A high-throughput approach for subcellular proteome: identification of rat liver proteins using subcellular fractionation coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analysis.
abstract: Four fractions from rat liver (a crude mitochondria (CM) and cytosol (C) fraction obtained with differential centrifugation, a purified mitochondrial (PM) fraction obtained with nycodenz density gradient centrifugation, and a total liver (TL) fraction) were analyzed with two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 564 rat proteins were identified and were bioinformatically annotated according to their physicochemical characteristics and functions. While most extreme alkaline ribosomal proteins were identified in the TL fraction, the C fraction mainly included neutral enzymes and the PM fraction enriched alkaline proteins and proteins with electron transfer activity or oxygen binding activity. Such characteristics were more apparent in proteins identified only in the TL, C, or PM fraction. The Swiss-Prot annotation and the bioinformatic prediction results proved that the C and PM fractions had enriched cytoplasmic or mitochondrial proteins, respectively. Combination usage of subcellular fractionation with two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was proved to be a high-throughput, sensitive, and effective analytical approach for subcellular proteomics research. Using such a strategy, we have constructed the largest proteome database to date for rat liver (564 rat proteins) and its cytosol (222 rat proteins) and mitochondrial fractions (227 rat proteins). Moreover, the 352 proteins with Swiss-Prot subcellular location annotation in the 564 identified proteins were used as an actual subcellular proteome dataset to evaluate the widely used bioinformatics tools such as PSORT, TargetP, TMHMM, and GRAVY.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Proteome Analysis, Key Lab of Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Quan-Hu
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Su-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Yi-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qi-Chang
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jia-Rui
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008110:Liver Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D020543:Proteome; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008110:Liver Extracts; D020543:Proteome