title: Cerebral palsy is characterized by protein mediators in cord serum.
abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major neurodevelopmental disability in childhood. An association between intrauterine infection and CP has been reported. We examined the relationship between inflammatory mediators in cord serum and CP in term and preterm children. Regional multicenter study was conducted on 19 CP children and 19 gestation-matched paired controls. CP children (n = 27) were further compared with controls of similar gestation at birth (n = 25). Serum levels of 78 protein mediators were analyzed. Eleven analytes correlated with the length of gestation both in cases and controls. In paired analysis, B-lymphocyte chemoattractant, ciliary neurotrophic factor, epidermal growth factor, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, monokine induced by interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand were higher in children with CP (p < or = 0.05). Preterm infants with CP showed higher epidermal growth factor and lower levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-2, macrophage-derived chemokine, and pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine than their paired controls. Inflammatory mediators and growth factors serve as a footprint of the fetal response to an insult manifesting after birth as a permanent brain damage. The cytokine patterns at birth differ between premature and term infants who develop CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaukola
authors.forename: Ebenezer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Satyaraj
authors.forename: Dhavalkumar D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Velizar T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Tchernev
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Grimwade
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kingsmore
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vainionpää
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pihko
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aärimaa
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallman
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances