title: Contextual Assessment of the Maternity Experience: development of an instrument for cross-cultural research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that stressors may trigger the onset of a depressive episode in vulnerable women. A new UK interview measure, the Contextual Assessment of the Maternity Experience (CAME), was designed to assess major risk factors for emotional disturbances, especially depression, during pregnancy and post-partum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  With in the context of a cross-cultural study, to establish the usefulness of the CAME, and to test expected associations of the measure with characteristics of the social context and with major or minor depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CAME was administered antenatally and postnatally in ten study sites, respectively to 296 and 249 women. Affective disorder throughout pregnancy and up to 6 months postnatally was assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IVAxis I Disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adversity, poor relationship with either a partner or a confidant, and negative feelings about the pregnancy all predicted onset of depression during the perinatal period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CAME was able to assess major domains relevant to the psychosocial context of the maternity experience in different cultures. Overall, the instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties in its first use in different cultural settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, Québec, Canada. o.bernazzani@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bernazzani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Siddle
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guedeney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bifulco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asten
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glatigny-Dallay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Klier
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kammerer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Henshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D007484:Iowa; D008016:Life Change Events; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support