title: Mortality and rate of stroke or embolism in atrial fibrillation during long-term follow-up in the embolism in left atrial thrombi (ELAT) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a higher mortality and risk of stroke/embolism than patients with sinus rhythm.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the association of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics with mortality and stroke/embolism and the use of antithrombotic medication in the year 2000 in patients who participated 1990-1995 in the Embolism in Left Atrial Thrombi (ELAT) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 409 outpatients with nonrheumatic AF (62 +/- 12 years, 36% women, 39% intermittent AF). Patients with thrombi received anticoagulation, patients without thrombi aspirin until follow-up in 1995; thereafter, anticoagulation according to clinical risk factors was recommended. Primary events were death and secondary events were stroke/embolism. All patients were contacted during the year 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 102 months. Mortality was 4%/year; the cause of death was cardiac (n = 84), fatal stroke (n = 26), malignancy (n = 23), sepsis (n = 5), and unknown (n = 24). Multivariate analysis identified age (p < 0.0001), heart failure (p = 0.0013), and reduced left ventricular systolic function (p = 0.0353) as predictors of mortality. Stroke/embolism occurred in 83 patients, with a rate of 3%/year. Multivariate analysis identified age (p = 0.0006) and previous stroke (p = 0.0454) as predictors of stroke/embolism. In the year 2000, 51 (21%) of the 247 surviving patients received no antithrombotic medication, 88 received (36%) oral anticoagulants, 102 (41%) acetylsalicylic acid, and 6 (2%) low-molecular heparin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapy for heart failure and oral anticoagulation in AF should be seriously considered, especially in elderly patients and in those with previous stroke.
authors.affiliation: Second Medical Department, KA Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria. claudia.stoellberger@chello.at
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stöllberger
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chnupa
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abzieher
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Länger
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finsterer
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klem
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hartl
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wehinger
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D001241:Aspirin