title: Phenotype of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant that fails to express immediate-early regulatory protein ICP0.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early (IE) regulatory protein ICP0 is required for efficient progression of infected cells into productive lytic infection, especially in low-multiplicity infections of limited-passage human fibroblasts. We have used single-cell-based assays that allow detailed analysis of the ICP0-null phenotype in low-multiplicity infections of restrictive cell types. The major conclusions are as follows: (i) there is a threshold input multiplicity above which the mutant virus replicates normally; (ii) individual cells infected below the threshold multiplicity have a high probability of establishing a nonproductive infection; (iii) such nonproductively infected cells have a high probability of expressing IE products at 6 h postinfection; (iv) even at 24 h postinfection, IE protein-positive nonproductively infected human fibroblast cells exceed the number of cells that lead to plaque formation by up to 2 orders of magnitude; (v) expression of individual IE proteins in a proportion of the nonproductively infected cells is incompletely coordinated; (vi) the nonproductive cells can also express early gene products at low frequencies and in a stochastic manner; and (vii) significant numbers of human fibroblast cells infected at low multiplicity by an ICP0-deficient virus are lost through cell death. We propose that in the absence of ICP0 expression, HSV-1 infected human fibroblasts can undergo a great variety of fates, including quiescence, stalled infection at a variety of different stages, cell death, and, for a minor population, initiation of formation of a plaque.
authors.affiliation: MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom. r.everett@vir.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boutell
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014709:Vero Cells; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1