title: Improved wet bonding of methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butylborane resin to dentin etched with ten percent phosphoric acid in the presence of ferric ions.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of dissolved dentinal substances in demineralized dentin on the hybridization of resin for bonding to dentin. It was hypothesized that these substances, including polyelectrolytes, significantly change the substrates, which could then be assessed by the addition of Na(+), Ca(2+), or Fe(3+) in 10% phosphoric acid. Bovine dentin specimens were etched for 10 s with a solution of 10% phosphoric acid (control) or of 22.0 mM dissolved sodium chloride (10P-Na), calcium chloride (10P-Ca), or ferric chloride (10P-Fe). The specimens were then rinsed, blot-dried, and primed three times with 5% 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride in acetone for 60 s. Methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butylborane resin was then applied. The tensile bond strength of each of the dumbbell-shaped specimens was then measured. The fractured surfaces and modified cross-sections were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The cross-sections were soaked in 6N HCl for 10 s and then in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 30 min to determine the resin content in the hybridized specimens. Shrinkage of the demineralized dentins upon drying was assessed by atomic force microscopy. The tensile bond strengths were 10.8 +/- 4.5 (control), 15.0 +/- 7.0 (10P-Na), 19.3 +/- 5.5 (10P-Ca), and 27.8 +/- 8.1 (10P-Fe) MPa. The atomic force microscopy studies showed that Fe(3+) minimized the shrinkage by drying for 10 s but Ca(2+) and Na(+) did not decrease the shrinkage the same as the control. The results support the hypothesis that the monomer permeability of wet demineralized dentin is effectively improved by dissolving ferric ions in the phosphoric acid, resulting in a greater bond strength and higher resin content in the hybridized dentin. The dissolved dentinal substances, including the polyelectrolytes, had a significant influence on the characteristics of the demineralized dentin, changing the degree of hybridization and bonding.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toida
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D002712:Chlorides; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D007477:Ions / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; C093073:Demineralized Dentin Matrix; D003764:Dental Materials; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007477:Ions; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C476987:methylmethacrylate-tributylborane resin; C030242:phosphoric acid; C024555:ferric chloride