title: Mortality patterns among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastic boatbuilding industry: an update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mortality was updated through 1998 for 5,204 workers exposed to styrene between 1959 and 1978 at two reinforced plastic boatbuilding plants. The a priori hypothesis: leukemia and lymphoma excesses would be found.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) used Washington State and U.S. rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 860 deaths occurred (SMR 1.09, CI 1.02-1.17), with excess mortality for esophageal cancer (n = 12, SMR 2.30, CI 1.19-4.02), prostate cancer (n = 24, SMR 1.71, CI 1.09-2.54), and accidents (n = 99, SMR 1.26, CI 1.02-1.53). Among 2,062 highly exposed workers, urinary tract cancer (n = 6, SMR 3.44, CI 1.26-7.50) and respiratory disease (n = 12, SMR 2.54, CI 1.31-4.44) rates were elevated. Urinary tract cancer SMR increased with duration of employment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no excess leukemia or lymphoma mortality. Unanticipated excess urinary tract cancer and respiratory disease mortality, possibly associated with styrene exposure, are difficult to interpret and could be chance findings.
authors.affiliation: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. amr2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Avima M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ruder
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Maxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Andrea H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davis-King
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007938:Leukemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009314:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010969:Plastics / Q000633:toxicity*; D012767:Ships; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D020058:Styrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D012997:Solvents; D020058:Styrene