title: Orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner, a novel corepressor for a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor BETA2/neuroD.
abstract: Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that lacks a conventional DNA binding domain (DBD) and represses the transcriptional activity of various nuclear receptors. In this study, we examined the novel cross talk between SHP and BETA2/NeuroD, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. In vitro and in vivo protein interaction studies showed that SHP physically interacts with BETA2/NeuroD, but not its heterodimer partner E47. Moreover, confocal microscopic study and immunostaining results demonstrated that SHP colocalized with BETA2 in islets of mouse pancreas. SHP inhibited BETA2/NeuroD-dependent transactivation of an E-box reporter, whereas SHP was unable to repress the E47-mediated transactivation and the E-box mutant reporter activity. In addition, SHP repressed the BETA2-dependent activity of glucokinase and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 gene promoters. Gel shift and in vitro protein competition assays indicated that SHP inhibits neither dimerization nor DNA binding of BETA2 and E47. Rather, SHP directly repressed BETA2 transcriptional activity and p300-enhanced BETA2/NeuroD transcriptional activity by inhibiting interaction between BETA2 and coactivator p300. We also showed that C-terminal repression domain within SHP is also required for BETA2 repression. However, inhibition of BETA2 activity was not observed by naturally occurring human SHP mutants that cannot interact with BETA2/NeuroD. Taken together, these results suggest that SHP acts as a novel corepressor for basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor BETA2/NeuroD by competing with coactivator p300 for binding to BETA2/NeuroD and by its direct transcriptional repression function.
authors.affiliation: Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Resources and Technology, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Khoi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Han-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Ki-Cheol
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sabyasachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Minho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shong
authors.forename: Ming-Jer
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hueng-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D019556:COS Cells; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019281:Dimerization; D050881:E1A-Associated p300 Protein; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050881:E1A-Associated p300 Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; C093970:NEUROD1 protein, human; C501008:Neurod1 protein, mouse; C544912:TCF7L1 protein, human; C544913:Tcf7l1 protein, mouse; C099713:nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2; C093564:Neurogenic differentiation factor 1; C494361:Ep300 protein, mouse