title: PTEN inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by downregulating cell surface IGF-IR expression in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in human tumors. It functions primarily as a lipid phosphatase and plays a key role in the regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase. PTEN appears to play a crucial role in modulating apoptosis by reducing the levels of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, a phospholipid that activates AKT, a central regulator of apoptosis. To understand the role of PTEN in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, we stably overexpressed PTEN in PC3 cells, which are prostate cancer cells that lack PTEN. Overexpression of PTEN in two different clones inhibited cell proliferation and increased serum starvation-induced apoptosis, as compared to control cells. Interestingly, PTEN overexpression resulted in a 44-60% reduction in total insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) protein levels and a 49-64% reduction in cell surface IGF-IR expression. [35S]methionine pulse experiments in PC3 cells overexpressing PTEN demonstrated that these cells synthesize significantly lower levels of the IGF-IR precursor, whereas PTEN overexpression had no effect on IGF-IR degradation. Taken together, our results show that PTEN can regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis through inhibition of IGF-IR synthesis. These results have important implications for understanding the roles of PTEN and the IGF-IR in prostate cancer cell tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Branch, NIDDK, National Institute of Health, Room 8D12, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892-1758, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yakar
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: LeRoith
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human