title: Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery: current indications and surgical results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although minimally invasive surgery has achieved worldwide acceptance in various fields, laparoscopic surgery for pancreatic diseases has been reported only rarely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and feasibility of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients, comprising eight men and seven women with an average age of 54 years, underwent laparoscopic pancreatic surgery. Distal pancreatectomy was indicated for solid tumors ( n = 4), cystic lesions ( n = 3), and chronic pancreatitis ( n = 2). Cystogastrostomy was performed for pseudocysts ( n = 4) and enucleation for insulinomas ( n = 2). The lesions varied in size from 1 to 9 cm (2.9 +/- 2.4 cm) and were located in the pancreatic head ( n = 2), body ( n = 3), or tail ( n = 10). For distal pancreatectomy, the splenic artery was divided and the parenchyma was transected with a linear stapler. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was used to determine the distance between the tumor and the main pancreatic duct for enucleation as well as to localize the lesion for distal pancreatectomy. Cystogastrostomy, 4.5 cm in length, was also performed with the linear stapler through the window of the lesser omentum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operation time was 249 +/- 70 min (293 +/- 58 min in distal pancreatectomy, 185 +/- 14 min in enucleation, 204 +/- 50 min in cystogastrostomy), and mean blood loss was 138 +/- 184 g (213 +/- 227 g, 75 +/- 35 g, 38 +/- 48 g, respectively). Two distal pancreatectomies (13%) were converted to open surgery due to severe peripancreatic inflammation. There was no related mortality, but there were two cases (15%) of pancreatic fistula, one in a distal pancreatectomy case and the other in an enucleation case, and both were treated conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery is safe and feasible for patients with benign tumors and cystic lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. shimizu@surg1.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konomi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizumoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003537:Cystadenoma / Q000601:surgery; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000601:surgery; D007564:Japan; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000601:surgery; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010181:Pancreatic Cyst / Q000601:surgery; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional