title: Effects of elderberry juice on fasting and postprandial serum lipids and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a recent pilot study, the intake of elderberry juice resulted in a significant decrease in serum cholesterol concentrations and an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) stability. This study was designed to verify the preliminary results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the impact of elderberry juice on cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations as well as antioxidant status in a cohort of young volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study A: The randomized, placebo-controlled trial for studying the effect of anthocyanes on lipid and antioxidant status, 34 subjects took capsules with 400 mg spray-dried powder containing 10% anthocyanes t.i.d. equivalent to 5 ml elderberry juice for 2 weeks. A subgroup of 14 subjects continued for an additional week to test for resistance to oxidation of LDL. Study B: To investigate the short-term effects on serum lipid concentrations, six subjects took a single dose of 50 ml of elderberry juice (equivalent to 10 capsules) along with a high-fat breakfast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the placebo-controlled study, there was only a small, statistically not significant change in cholesterol concentrations in the elderberry group (from 199 to 190 mg/dl) compared to the placebo group (from 192 to 196 mg/dl). The resistance to copper-induced oxidation of LDL did not change within 3 weeks. In the single-dose experiment increases in postprandial triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different when the six subjects were investigated with and without elderberry juice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderberry spray-dried extract at a low dose exerts a minor effect on serum lipids and antioxidative capacity. Higher, but nutritionally relevant doses might significantly reduce postprandial serum lipids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria. michael.murkovic@tugraz.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murkovic
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Abuja
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zirngast
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Winklhofer-Roob
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toplak
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001628:Beverages; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D027923:Sambucus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid