title: Extracts of spice and food plants from Thai traditional medicine inhibit the growth of the human carcinogen Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a gramnegative bacterium and well recognized as being the primary etiological agent responsible for the development of gastritis, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. In developing countries, a high prevalence of HP infection is associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancer. Thailand, however, while having a high prevalence of HP infections, has a lower than expected gastric cancer rate than other developing countries. It has been suggested that the diet and life style in Thailand may explain this discrepancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro susceptibility of 18 strains of HP to 20 extracts of spice and food plants used in Thai traditional medicine for the treatment of GI disorders was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methanol extracts of Myristica fragrans (aril) inhibited the growth of all HP strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 micrograms/ml; extracts from Barringtonia acutangula (leaf) and Kaempferia galanga (rhizome) had an MIC of 25.0 micrograms/ml; Cassia grandis (leaf), Cleome viscosa (leaf), Myristica fragrans (leaf) and Syzygium aromaticum (leaf) had MICs of 50.0 micrograms/ml. Extracts with an MIC of 100.0 micrograms/ml included Pouzolzia pentandra (leaf), Cycas siamensis (leaf), Litsea elliptica (leaf) and Melaleuca quinquenervia (leaf).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plants used in Thai traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments inhibit the growth of HP. These data indicate that these plants may have chemopreventative activities and thus may partly explain the reduced incidence of gastric cancer in Thailand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, Thailand 10400.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhamarapravati
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pendland
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mahady
mesh_terms: D005638:Fruit; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015994:Incidence; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017365:Spices; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts