title: A new gamma-interferon-inducible promoter and splice variants of an anti-angiogenic human tRNA synthetase.
abstract: Two forms of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) are produced in vivo through alternative mRNA splicing. The two forms, full-length TrpRS and mini TrpRS, are catalytically active, but are distinguished by the striking anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activity specific to mini TrpRS. Here we describe two new splice variants of human TrpRS mRNA. Their production was strongly regulated by gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), an anti-proliferative cytokine known to stimulate the expression of other anti-angiogenic factors. A new IFN-gamma-sensitive promoter was demonstrated to drive production of these splice variants. In human endothelial cells, both the newly discovered and a previously reported promoter were shown to respond specifically to IFN-gamma and not to other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-4 or erythropoietin. In addition, both promoters were stimulated by the 'downstream' interferon regulatory factor 1 that, in turn, is known to be regulated by the 'upstream' signal transducer and activator of transcription 1alpha subunit. Thus, the tandem promoters provide a dual system to regulate expression and alternative splicing of human TrpRS in vivo.
authors.affiliation: The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC-379, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shue
authors.forename: Karla L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ewalt
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schimmel
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014369:Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014369:Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase