title: Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cutaneous adnexal tumours of the head and neck.
abstract: Adnexal tumours are a rare heterogeneous group of neoplasms, most commonly found in the head and neck region. Although most are benign, malignant adnexal tumours often behave aggressively, resulting in early metastasis. There is increasing interest in the role that nitric oxide (NO) plays in the behaviour of many cancers. It is thought that NO, produced by the enzyme inducible NO synthase (iNOS), facilitates tumour growth and dissemination. iNOS has been studied in the common skin cancers, where its expression correlates with tumour behaviour, but it has not been previously investigated in cutaneous adnexal tumours. An immunhistochemical study was performed using a monoclonal antibody to iNOS in 37 cases of adnexal tumours (19 benign, 18 malignant). iNOS expression was weakly expressed by basal keratinocytes of adjacent skin in all cases and it was variably expressed in the tumours. Malignant tumours had significantly increased iNOS expression when compared to both adjacent skin (P<0.001) and the benign tumour group (P<0.001). No significant difference was found between iNOS expression in benign tumour and adjacent skin (P=0.5). The role of iNOS in this rare group of tumours and the possibility of pharmacologically inhibiting it in the clinical setting warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Histopathology Department, St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Willy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ilankoran
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D018266:Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006607:Adenoma, Sweat Gland / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D013544:Sweat Gland Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II