title: [Simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and cardiac surgery-additional risk factor or safe procedure?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of severe carotid artery disease in more than 12% of patients requiring ACB results in a discrepancy concerning the best treatment for both diseases. We reviewed the early outcome of patients with ACB and/or valve replacement and simultaneous carotid endarterectomy (TEA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated retrospectively 244 patients operated simultaneously between 7/94 and 10/2001: 209 patients received ACB, 35 patients ACB and/or valve replacement. Mean age was 68 years. 188 patients were male. We analyzed risk factors, morbidity, incidence of neurological complications and 30 day mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative stroke with hemiplegia occurred in 3.3% (8 patients). Of these patients, 4 showed contralateral carotid artery occlusion, 2 contralateral severe stenosis. Two patients (0.8%) experienced prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficit (PRIND), 4 patients (1.6%) transient ischemic attack (TIA). 30-day morbidity was 4.5%. Three patients died due to low cardiac output, 6 patients due to extracardial reasons, 2 patients (0.8) due to cerebral death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous TEA and cardiac surgery can be performed with an acceptable risk for neurological complications and mortality. Occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery could be identified as an evident predictor for increased neurological complications. Compared to two-stage procedures, combined operations yield a reduction of hospital costs.
authors.affiliation: Krankenhaus München-Bogenhausen, Abteilung für Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Englschalkingerstr. 77, 81925 München, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gansera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmidtler
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Angelis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weingartner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spiliopoulos
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kemkes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000401:mortality; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017131:Thrombectomy