title: Effects of three courses of maternally administered dexamethasone at 0.7, 0.75, and 0.8 of gestation on prenatal and postnatal growth in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of repeated low doses of maternally administered dexamethasone (DM) on growth in sheep during fetal life and the first 2 years of postnatal life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ewes received 3 courses of DM (1 course: four 2-mg intramuscular injections at 12-hour intervals) or saline beginning at 103, 110, and 117 days of gestation (dGA). At 119 dGA, fetal BW and organ weight were recorded. Total placentome number, weight, and morphologic distributions were recorded. Placentome glucocorticoid receptor expression was determined by immunocytochemistry. Newborn BW and organ weight were recorded within 12 hours of birth. Duration of gestation was recorded. Measurements were collected on body weight (BW), biparietal diameter (BPD), crown-to-rump length, thoracic girth circumference, abdominal girth circumference, and radial bone length for 2 months. Maternal estradiol and progesterone levels were measured daily from 135 dGA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 119 dGA, DM significantly decreased BW. Placentome glucocorticoid receptor expression increased after DM exposure. DM did not significantly decrease BW at birth but did prolong gestation length. DM decreased maternal estradiol before lambing. DM decreased newborn brain weight and BPD. After 2 weeks of age, no effect of DM on postnatal growth could be found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that repeated maternal DM treatment at doses threefold lower than what women in preterm labor receive results in decreased fetal BW, prolonged gestation length, decreased newborn brain weight, and BPD.
authors.affiliation: Oregon State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. michelle.kutzler@oregonstate.edu
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kutzler
authors.forename: Erin K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ruane
authors.forename: Turhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coksaygan
authors.forename: Stella E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Nathanielsz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001699:Biometry; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009929:Organ Size; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012756:Sheep / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D003907:Dexamethasone