title: Short report: detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells using an in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Isolation of JE virus from peripheral blood is usually difficult because of transient and low titer of viremia. An in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was designed to amplify gene (envelope) fragments of JE virus residing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without extraction of RNA. Baby hamster kidney-21 cells infected with the T1P1 strain of JE virus (an isolate from Armigeres subalbatus collected in Taiwan) were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. The RT-PCR was then performed in microtubes using digoxigenin-labeled primers. Virus-positive PBMCs were detected in mice at day 1 and day 3, but not day 5, after intravenous inoculation with JE virus, suggesting that detectable virus circulating in the blood of mice is present for only 2-3 days. On examination of mouse brain tissues, viral RNAs were absent until day 3 post-inoculation. This implied that virus migration from the peripheral blood into the central nervous system occurs at or after day 3 post-inoculation. This method is unique in that the reactions can be conducted in tubes; this makes it convenient, accurate, and efficient compared with the conventional in situ RT-PCR on slides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Shyan-Song
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Wei-June
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D017931:DNA Primers; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012367:RNA, Viral