title: Exostoses of the caudal perimeter of the radial physis as a cause of carpal synovial sheath tenosynovitis and lameness in horses: 10 cases (1999-2003).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and arthroscopic findings associated with tenosynovitis of the carpal synovial sheath induced by exostoses that originate from the caudal surface of the physeal scar of the distal radius and determine the results of surgical removal of those exostoses in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of horses with effusion in the carpal synovial sheath and lameness evaluated from 1999 to 2003 were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All horses had a history of intermittent mild to moderate effusion of the carpal synovial sheath and lameness of 1 forelimb. Results of regional perineural and intrathecal anesthesia of the carpal synovial sheath confirmed that the lameness originated in the carpal synovial sheath. Radiography revealed exostoses originating from the caudal cortex of the distal radius at the level of the closed physis. Arthroscopy was performed for confirmation and removal of exostoses that penetrated the carpal synovial sheath and impinged on the deep digital flexor tendon. All horses returned to previous athletic activity. One horse had a recurrence of clinical signs 12 months after surgery, which resolved with medical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tenosynovitis of the carpal synovial sheath and lameness were caused by impingement of exostoses of the caudal radius on the lining and contents of the carpal synovial sheath. Although the clinical signs and surgical treatment were similar to that caused by osteochondromas, these exostoses developed at the level of the closed physis of the distal radius and were not radiographically or histologically similar to osteochondromas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: Ben L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schachter
authors.forename: Roy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pool
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000601:surgery; D005096:Exostoses / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*