title: Pseudomonas keratitis: protease IV gene conservation, distribution, and production relative to virulence and other Pseudomonas proteases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the distribution of the protease IV gene, the production of this and other proteases by multiple strains of Pseudomonas, and the virulence of a mutant specifically deficient in protease IV.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protease IV gene was cloned, its sequence analyzed, and its chromosomal location determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Three PCR reactions were used to detect the protease IV gene in 30 Pseudomonas isolates and protease production was determined by Western blot analysis, colorimetric assay, and zymography. An allelic replacement mutant deficient in the protease IV gene was analyzed for enzyme production, corneal growth, and corneal virulence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protease IV gene was identified in all P. aeruginosa, but none of the non-aeruginosa strains tested. The protease IV genes of strains PA103-29 and PAO1 were in a common chromosomal site and had 98.5% sequence identity with variations occurring mainly in the promoter region. The protease IV activity of the 23 wild-type P. aeruginosa strains tested varied from 2.3 to 221.5 x 10(-3) U/mg protein in the culture supernatant. Protease IV was produced by all P. aeruginosa wild-type strains. A protease IV-deficient mutant derived from strain PA103-29 had reduced virulence compared with its parent strain and unexpectedly produced alkaline protease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protease IV gene and its product are common to P. aeruginosa, but not to other Pseudomonas species. Protease IV activity varies among P. aeruginosa strains, and a mutant specifically deficient in this activity produced alkaline protease and had reduced corneal virulence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thibodeaux
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marquart
authors.forename: Mullika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Traidej
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D007634:Keratitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; C030732:protease IV