title: Effect of retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy on tissue oxidative stress markers in rabbit pneumoretroperitoneum model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy causes increased renal oxidative stress. There are no data about the effects of the retroperitoneoscopic route. The aim of our study was to evaluate the oxidative stress occurring in renal tissues during retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen adult rabbits were randomized to three groups, each consisting of six rabbits. Group I (control) underwent 50-mL balloon dissection of the left retroperitoneal space without CO(2) insufflation. Group II (pneumoretroperitoneum) received a 3-hour CO(2) insufflation at a pressure of 10 mm Hg in the retroperitoneal space after balloon dissection. Group III (pneumoretroperitoneum with warm ischemia), in addition to the procedure applied in Group II, underwent left renal artery clamping for 3 minutes and reperfusion for the next 5 minutes. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed in all animals for analysis of oxidative stress markers. Concentrations of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in renal tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDA and protein carbonyl content were increased both in the donor (P = 0.004 and P = 0.004, respectively) and in the remaining kidneys (P = 0.009 and P = 0.028, respectively) in Group II compared with Group I. There were no statistically significant increases in oxidative stress markers between Group II and Group III in donor kidneys. However, there were statistically significant decreases in MDA in the remaining kidneys in Group III compared with Group II (P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumoretroperitoneum causes increased oxidative stress in both donor and remaining kidneys. Short-term warm ischemia and reperfusion do not exert an additive effect on pneumoretroperitoneum-associated oxidative stress in donor kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon 03200, Turkey. cemguler@superonline.com
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demirbas
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samli
authors.forename: Tulay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koken
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.forename: Cetin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dincel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011336:Probability; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione