[Complications of lumbar administration of 5% sodium fluorescein solution for detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistula].
BACKGROUND
The detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in the region of the anterior or lateral skull base can be difficult. The fluorescein test with lumbar administration of 5% sodium fluorescein solution can be used to detect cerebrospinal fluid leakage, identify weak points in the dura, achieve precise localisation of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and to check intraoperatively that watertight dural closure has been achieved. However, use of the test is problematic as the fluorescein solution used is not licensed for this indication in Germany and severe neurological complications are described in the literature. In order to clarify the legal situation regarding use of the test, we therefore analysed the complications occurring in a sizeable patient sample.


METHODS
The records of all patients in whom a fluorescein test had been performed between 1979 and June 2000 were analysed retrospectively for the occurrence of complications.


RESULTS
The most frequent complication in the 368 fluorescein tests performed was headache, followed by nausea and vomiting, temperature elevation, dizziness and nuchal pain. These side-effects were no more frequent than described for lumbar puncture alone. Twenty-six patients experienced side-effects on the day of the operation, 65 on the first postoperative day, 36 on the second day, 34 on the third day and 13 patients after the third day. There were two cases of grand mal seizures following concomitant intrathecal contrast medium administration. None of the patients had side effects persisting longer than 4 weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
Intrathecal administration of a 5 % fluorescein solution is a safe procedure provided that the maximum dosages are not exceeded and the solution is prepared and administered correctly and in accordance with the specified indications and contraindications. In view of its great diagnostic benefit and low risk when properly used, the dictates of therapeutic freedom allow use of this drug despite the fact that it is not licensed for this purpose in Germany. It is necessary to obtain written informed consent from the patient.
Keerl
R
R
Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde Kopf-, Hals- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Klinikum St. Elisabeth, Straubing. keerlr@klinikum-straubing.de
Weber
R K
RK
Draf
W
W
Radziwill
R
R
Wienke
A
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery; D012996:Solutions; D013997:Time Factors
D003287:Contrast Media; D012996:Solutions; D019793:Fluorescein