title: Sense of humor, childhood cancer stressors, and outcomes of psychosocial adjustment, immune function, and infection.
abstract: The diagnosis, treatment, and side effects of childhood cancer have been described as extremely stressful experiences in the life of a child. Anecdotally, children report that a sense of humor helps them cope with the daily experiences of living with cancer; however, no research has examined sense of humor and childhood cancer stressors. This study investigated the effect of sense of humor on the relationship between cancer stressors and children's psychosocial adjustment to cancer, immune function, and infection using Lazarus and Folkman's theory of stress, appraisal, and coping. A direct relationship was observed between sense of humor and psychosocial adjustment to cancer, such that children with a high sense of humor had greater psychological adjustment, regardless of the amount of cancer stressors. A moderating effect was observed for incidence of infection. As childhood cancer stressors increase, children with high coping humor scores reported fewer incidences of infection than low scorers.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Lowell Department of Nursing, Lowell, MA 01854-5126, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hockenberry
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D015994:Incidence; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology*; D011582:Psychological Theory; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014925:Wit and Humor as Topic / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory