title: Community rehabilitation for older adults with osteoarthritis of the lower limb: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effectiveness of a 12-month community-based water exercise programme on measures of self-reported health and physical function in people aged over 60 years old with knee-hip osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental design consisting of an exercise group and an age-matched control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public community swimming pool in Sheffield, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and six community-dwelling sedentary older people, with confirmed knee-hip osteoarthritis, enrolled in an experimental controlled trial for 12 months. Sixty-six subjects in the exercise group were offered a water-exercise programme. Forty age-matched, nonexercising, 'control' subjects received monthly education material and quarterly telephone calls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the exercise group were asked to attend two exercise sessions a week of 1 hour duration led by specially trained swimming instructors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measure was the disease-specific Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes included a battery of performance-based physical function tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherence to exercise averaged 70% (+/- 14%) over the year: 77% of the exercising subjects and 89% control subjects completed both pre- and post-outcome measures. After one year, participants in the exercise group experienced a significant improvement in physical function (4.0 +/- 9.1 versus -0.4 +/- 7.3 units; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-7.96, p < 0.05) and reduction in the perception of pain (1.3 +/- 3.7 versus 0.2 +/- 2.5 units; 95% CI -0.19-2.52, p < 0.05) compared with the control group, as measured by the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. In addition, the exercise group performed significantly better in the ascending and descending stairs tests (p < 0.05), had significantly greater improvements in knee range of movement (p < 0.01) and hip range of movements (p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in the two groups for quadriceps muscle strength and psychosocial well-being (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 questionnaire).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older people with knee/hip osteoarthritis gained modest improvements in measures of physical function, pain, general mobility and flexibility after participating in 12 months of community-based water exercise.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Medicine, Sheffield University, UK.
authors.forename: S Y-C
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cochrane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003153:Community Health Services; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010349:Patient Compliance