title: Caspase-2 and caspase-7 are involved in cytolethal distending toxin-induced apoptosis in Jurkat and MOLT-4 T-cell lines.
abstract: Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a G2/M cell-cycle-specific growth-inhibitory toxin that leads to target cell distension followed by cell death. To determine the mechanisms by which A. actinomycetemcomitans CDT acts as an immunosuppressive factor, we examined the effects of highly purified CDT holotoxin on human T lymphocytes. Purified CDT was cytolethal toward normal peripheral T lymphocytes that were activated by in vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. In addition, purified CDT showed cytolethal activity against Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells, which are known to be sensitive and resistant, respectively, to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Death in these cell lines was accompanied by the biochemical features of apoptosis, including membrane conformational changes, intranucleosomal DNA cleavage, and an increase in caspase activity in the cells. Pretreatment of Jurkat cells with the general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk mostly suppressed CDT-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of caspase-2 and -7 showed significant inhibitory effects on CDT-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, and these inhibitory effects were fully associated with reduced activity of caspase-2 or -7 in the CDT-treated Jurkat cells. These results strongly suggest that CDT possesses the ability to induce human T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 and -7.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D053143:Caspase 2; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C067044:cytolethal distending toxin; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; D053143:Caspase 2; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases