title: Transection of the innominate artery for tracheomalacia caused by persistent opisthotonus.
abstract: Patients with cerebral palsy often develop opisthotonus. The trachea may be pinched between the innominate artery and the cervical spine. This compartmentalized thoracic inlet results in severe tracheomalacia. We successfully released tracheal compression by transection of the innominate artery. In case 1, a 4-year-old girl with cerebral palsy and opisthotonus was admitted due to respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy revealed severe tracheomalacia 2 cm above the carina. An endotracheal stent was placed through a tracheostomy. Two months later, she developed tracheal bleeding and bronchoscopy demonstrated a trachea-innominate artery fistula. Magnetic resonance brain angiography showed the presence of Willis' circle, and transection of the innominate artery was justified. This was done through a low cervical skin incision. In case 2, a 6-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and opisthotonus had long-standing respiratory distress. Ventilatory support did not resolve the symptoms. The innominate artery was transected in the same fashion as in the first case. Case 1 has been free from respiratory distress for 4 months and case 2 for 3 years. Our experience suggests that the combination of tracheomalacia, opisthotonus causes severe respiratory distress. Transection of the innominate artery is a useful therapeutic strategy to release airway obstruction in this condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Kobe Children's Hospital, 1-1-1 Takakuradai, Suma-Ku, Kobe 654-0081, Japan. chikara.tsugawa@mb4.seikyou.ne.jp
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsugawa
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: Shiiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muraji
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000601:surgery*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D016156:Respiratory Tract Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D013035:Spasm / Q000150:complications*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014139:Tracheostomy; D016157:Vascular Fistula / Q000209:etiology