title: [Causes and diagnostic procedure of diffuse lung disease in 28 children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffuse lung disease comprises a large, heterogeneous group of pulmonary interstitial and parenchymal disease. It is therefore difficult to some extent to make etiologic diagnosis. Little information on clinical spectrum and diagnostic evaluation of pediatric diffuse lung disease is available in our country. The purpose of this study was to explore the causes of and diagnostic approach to diffuse lung disease in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight children with diffuse lung disease aged 2 months to 14 years were studied retrospectively. Their history, physical examination, radiographic findings, final diagnosis and diagnostic processes were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmed diagnosis was established in 25 cases and suggestive diagnosis in 3 cases. Confirmed diagnoses included: mycoplasma pneumonia in 1 case, Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in 2 cases, Epstein-Barr virus pneumonia in 1, CMV pneumonia in 2, hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in 3, pulmonary cryptococcosis in 1, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in 2, Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in 1, diffuse bronchiectasis in 2, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in 1, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in 1, extrinsic allergic alveolitis in 1, HIV-related lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in 1, Wegner's granulomatosis in 1, Langerhan's cell histiocytosis in 2, and lymphoma in 3. Suggestive diagnoses included Nocardia pneumonia in 1, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 1, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated pulmonary fibrosis in 1. The diagnostic directions of 26 patients were conducted by radiographic features. In 17 of 26 cases, the diagnostic range was confined by history. The diagnosis of 14 cases was made by noninvasive tests including antibody detection, bacterial culture, those of 8 cases by examination of biopsy material, and those of 2 cases by autopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The causes of pediatric diffuse lung disease included pulmonary infectious disease, idiopathic pulmonary disease and pulmonary lesion associated with systemic diseases. The diagnosis may be made by radiography, history, physical examination, noninvasive tests in most cases, while in some cases invasive procedures were necessary.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China.
authors.forename: Shun-ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zai-fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zen-hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial