Dietary habits and nutritional status of renal transplant patients.
BACKGROUND
Although dialysis nutritional problems are well described, nutritional problems after renal transplantation (RT) have received little attention.


METHODS
Body composition as assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 115 stable patients 6.6 +/- 5.9 years after RT and repeated 2.9 years later, when a 3-day dietary history was obtained in 79 patients.


RESULTS
Patients diet was generally sufficient, but was characterized by a high fat intake and deficiencies in folic acid, vitamin D, thiamine, iodine, selenium, and iron intake. Patients were often overweight, and at any given weight had a 4% to 5% higher proportion of body fat than normal. Loss of fat weight was related to high initial fat weight, long RT duration, and low plasma bicarbonate, but not steroid dose.


CONCLUSIONS
Dietary advice concerning fat intake is indicated for RT patients, and nutritional supplements with folic acid and vitamin D are generally required. Their main nutritional problem is obesity. This is not adequately measured by body mass index, which should be supplemented by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Attention should be paid to the prevention of acidosis.
Heaf
James
J
Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital in Herlev, Herlev, Denmark. heaf@dadlnet.dk
Jakobsen
Ulla
U
Tvedegaard
Erling
E
Kanstrup
Inge-Lis
IL
Fogh-Andersen
Niels
N
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis; D012643:Selenium / Q000172:deficiency; D013832:Thiamine Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis
D004041:Dietary Fats; D007455:Iodine; D012643:Selenium