title: Tolerability of N-chlorotaurine in the guinea pig middle ear: a pilot study using an improved application system.
abstract: The tissue tolerance of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), a mild endogenous antimicrobial oxidant, has been investigated by application to the guinea pig middle ear. The animals were implanted with a novel cannula system that allows chronic external drug delivery to the round window niche. In the first part of the study, 3 animals each received 100 microL of 0.1% NCT (5.5 mmol/L) and 1% NCT, respectively, in aqueous solution twice daily for 8 days. In the second part, NCT was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline solution to 300 milliosmolar (isotonic), and 27 microL was injected in 3 additional animals twice daily for 7 days. The guinea pigs injected with 100 microL of NCT developed immediate dizziness and nystagmus and did not thrive. Other reactions included mucosal thickening in the middle ear, rupture of the tympanic membrane, and blood and gelatinous material in the cochlea accompanied by hair cell loss and a 10- to 90-dB elevation of the hearing threshold as determined by auditory brain stem responses. The effects seemed to be dose-dependent, but the rate of variability was high across animals. In contrast, the guinea pigs treated with 27 microL of isotonic NCT showed no signs of discomfort, no or only moderate thickening of the middle ear mucosa, no shift of the hearing threshold, and no hair cell loss. Positive control animals injected with 10% neomycin sulfate developed extensive hair cell loss. Provided that the membranes of the inner ear are intact and that low single-dose volumes are used to avoid increased middle ear pressure, isotonic NCT seems to be well tolerated in the tympanic cavity. The new drug delivery system proved to be advantageous for ototoxicity studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neher
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagl
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prieskorn
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Anneliese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrott-Fischer
authors.forename: Josef M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D013654:Taurine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013654:Taurine; C043410:N-chlorotaurine