title: Negative 34betaE12 staining in a small focus of atypical glands on prostate needle biopsy: a follow-up study of 332 cases.
abstract: Atypical glands on prostate needle biopsy with a negative 34betaE12 (cytokeratin 903; CK903) immunostain, indicating a lack of a basal cell layer, are typically diagnostic of prostate cancer. However, in certain cases a negative 34betaE12 immunostain in a small focus of atypical glands is still not convincing enough to make the diagnosis of cancer. This study is the first report to evaluate the incidence of prostate cancer on follow-up biopsy in individuals with this diagnosis. A total of 543 men who had prostate core biopsy specimens diagnosed as a small focus of atypical-appearing glands with a negative 34betaE12 immunostain between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2000 were selected for study. Some 61% of these 543 individuals (n = 332) had undergone at least one follow-up biopsy procedure. Of these, 43% of repeat biopsy cases (n = 142) were diagnostic of prostate cancer. A total of 46 individuals had at least 2 follow-up biopsy procedures, with 48% of these (n = 22) being diagnosed as cancer. The Gleason grades of the detected carcinomas were broken down as follows: Gleason grade 3 + 2 = 5, 6%; grade 3 + 3 = 6, 86%; grade 3 + 4 = 7, 1%; grade 4 + 3 = 7, 4%; and grade 4 + 4 = 8, 3%. The median amount of time to the first follow-up biopsy was 79 days, with 52% of follow-up biopsies performed within 90 days. A negative 34betaE12 immunohistochemical stain in a small focus of atypical glands is not associated with an increased prediction of prostate cancer on follow-up biopsy (43%), compared with previously published data for "small focus of atypical glands" alone (approximately 45%). Because 48% of men with an initial negative biopsy and multiple follow-up biopsy procedures were found to have cancer, more than one repeat biopsy session or more extensive sampling on the first repeat biopsy procedure may be necessary to maximize the identification of cancer. This finding is similar to that found in men with atypical diagnoses in general, without a negative 34betaE12 immunohistochemical stain. Only half of all individuals with a diagnosis of 34betaE12-negative focus of atypical glands underwent repeat biopsy within 3 months. Urologists need to be educated as to the significance of an atypical diagnosis and the need for repeat biopsy. In a small focus of atypical glands on prostate biopsy, negative staining for 34betaE12 should not necessarily lead to a definitive malignant diagnosis in all cases, because almost half of these biopsies on follow-up sampling are benign.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Marc K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Halushka
authors.forename: Hillel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kahane
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C121278:CK-34 beta E12; D007633:Keratins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen