title: Current applications of microarrays in head and neck cancer research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to introduce microarray technology and its applications in cancer research to the head and neck clinician.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review combined with methodology and examples from the authors' experiences with microarray analysis of tumors of the head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Search of literature and the authors' experience was made for technical details, alternative methods of data analysis, available bioinformatics tools, and applications of microarrays in cancer research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarrays allow the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of genes. The use of a well-developed microarray study design leads to informative results. There are various bioinformatics resources widely available to aid in the analysis of microarray data. However, there is not yet a gold standard for analysis because this methodology is still evolving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microarray studies may allow researchers to identify genetic changes relevant to diagnosis and prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer. Although still relatively new, this powerful methodology has immense potential to aid in understanding of the genetic changes that are important in head and neck cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Giles C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Patricia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Antti A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Makitie
authors.forename: Mahadeo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sukhai
authors.forename: Shilpi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jurisica
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gullane
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamel-Reid
mesh_terms: D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis