title: The vesosome-- a multicompartment drug delivery vehicle.
abstract: Assembling structures to divide space controllably and spontaneously into subunits at the nanometer scale is a significant challenge, although one that biology has solved in two distinct ways: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes have a single compartment delimited by one or more lipid-protein membranes. Eukaryotes have nested-membrane structures that provide internal compartments--such as the cell nucleus and cell organelles in which specialized functions are carried out. We have developed a simple method of creating nested bilayer compartments in vitro via the "interdigitated" bilayer phase formed by adding ethanol to a variety of saturated phospholipids. At temperatures below the gel-liquid crystalline transition, T(m), the interdigitated lipid-ethanol sheets are rigid and flat; when the temperature is raised above T(m), the sheets become flexible and close on themselves and the surrounding solution to form closed compartments. During this closure, the sheets can entrap other vesicles, biological macromolecules, or colloidal particles. The result is efficient and spontaneous encapsulation without disruption of even fragile materials to form biomimetic nano-environments for possible use in drug delivery, colloidal stabilization, or as microreactors. The vesosome structure can take full advantage of the 40 years of progress in liposome development including steric stabilization, pH loading of drugs, and intrinsic biocompatibility. However, the multiple compartments of the vesosome give better protection to the interior contents in serum, leading to extended release of model compounds in comparison to unilamellar liposomes.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Encapsulation, 5835 Hollister Ave Ste 209, Santa Barbara, California, 93111, USA.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kisak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coldren
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zasadzinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010539:Permeability; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D004247:DNA