title: Simple detection of occluded coronary artery using retrograde flow in septal branch and left anterior descending coronary artery by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography at rest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that coronary flow assessment by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) for both intramyocardial collateral channel and epicardial channels would be useful for identifying occluded left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed flow direction in the LAD and the septal branch (SEP) by TTDE in 302 consecutive patients who were suggested to have ischemic heart disease. We defined antegrade LAD flow as a direction from the base to the apex of the left ventricle in the anterior groove area, and antegrade SEP flow as a direction from anterior to inferior in the anterior interventricular septum. By contrast, we defined retrograde LAD and SEP flow as an inverse direction. We performed angiography on all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrograde flow was detected in 22 (LAD, 16 patients; SEP, 6 patients) of 23 patients with occluded LAD, and antegrade flow was detected in all patients without occluded LAD. The sensitivity and specificity for identification of occluded LAD by TTDE were 96% and 100%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of flow direction in both LAD and SEP by TTDE is a useful method in identification of occluded LAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hozumi
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokai
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Kenei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muro
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity