title: Microhardness of packable composites used as posts condensed with different methods.
abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness of packable composite compacted with hand or ultrasonic pluggers in post spaces. A total of 168 extracted human anterior teeth were prepared with Gates Glidden and ParaPost drills after obturation. A primer and a dentin-bonding agent were applied to the etched surface. Half of the specimens were compacted with an ultrasonic tip and the other half with a mechanical hand compactor and all specimens were polymerized for each increment. The roots were then sectioned horizontally from 0, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 mm starting from the coronal and sliced 2.5-mm long. The microhardness test was applied to each specimen. There were statistically significant differences between ultrasonically and hand-condensed groups in whole specimens (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups of 0, 2.5, and 3 mm until 3.5 mm was reached. After 3.5-mm depth, there were significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). Ultrasonic condensation of packable composites provided mechanical advantage over hand condensation in root canals measuring microhardness in different depths. However, when microhardness was measured at different depths, values decreased after the depth of 3.5 mm in both condensation groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey. talacam@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alaçam
authors.forename: Ozgür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: Bağdagül Helvacioğlu
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kivanç
authors.forename: Oğuz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoldaş
authors.forename: Güliz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Görgül
authors.forename: A Cemal
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tinaz
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002484:Cementation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011176:Post and Core Technique; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000628:therapy; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements