title: Development of an instrument to assess predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing constructs associated with fat intake behaviors of low-income mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish reliability and construct and discriminant validity of selected factors adapted from the Health and Taste Attitudes Questionnaire developed in Finland and the Food Choice Questionnaire developed in England for use with low-income mothers in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Head Start and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children sites in south-central Wisconsin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 211 nonpregnant non-Hispanic black and white women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing constructs of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factor analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After modification, the resulting measurement models of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing constructs demonstrated good reliability and construct and discriminant validity. These models showed excellent model fit (chi-square/df range 1.5-2.0, root mean square error of approximate range.05-.07, non-normed fit index range.97-1.0, comparative fit index range.98-1.0, incremental fit index range.98-1.0), with all factor loadings significant (P <.001). Items previously developed with European adults demonstrated different pattern structures in predisposing and enabling constructs but the same structures for reinforcing construct when applied to low-income mothers in the United States.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This modified instrument provides a tool for researchers and educators to further explore factors affecting fat intake behaviors in low-income mothers.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Mei-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitzke
authors.forename: Linda Ciofu
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Baumann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011203:Poverty; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014922:Wisconsin
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats