title: A divergent canonical WNT-signaling pathway regulates microtubule dynamics: dishevelled signals locally to stabilize microtubules.
abstract: Dishevelled (DVL) is associated with axonal microtubules and regulates microtubule stability through the inhibition of the serine/threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta). In the canonical WNT pathway, the negative regulator Axin forms a complex with beta-catenin and GSK-3beta, resulting in beta-catenin degradation. Inhibition of GSK-3beta by DVL increases beta-catenin stability and TCF transcriptional activation. Here, we show that Axin associates with microtubules and unexpectedly stabilizes microtubules through DVL. In turn, DVL stabilizes microtubules by inhibiting GSK-3beta through a transcription- and beta-catenin-independent pathway. More importantly, axonal microtubules are stabilized after DVL localizes to axons. Increased microtubule stability is correlated with a decrease in GSK-3beta-mediated phosphorylation of MAP-1B. We propose a model in which Axin, through DVL, stabilizes microtubules by inhibiting a pool of GSK-3beta, resulting in local changes in the phosphorylation of cellular targets. Our data indicate a bifurcation in the so-called canonical WNT-signaling pathway to regulate microtubule stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, UK.
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciani
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krylova
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smalley
authors.forename: Trevor C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Salinas
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D051153:Wnt Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3