title: Fast onset medications through thermally generated aerosols.
abstract: Smoking involves heating a drug to form a mixture of drug vapor and gaseous degradation products. These gases subsequently cool and condense into aerosol particles that are inhaled. Here, we demonstrate rapid and reliable systemic delivery of pure pharmaceutical compounds without degradation products through a related process that also involves inhalation of thermally generated aerosol. Drug is coated as a thin film on a metallic substrate and vaporized by heating the metal. The thin nature of the drug coating minimizes the length of time during which the drug is exposed to elevated temperatures, thereby preventing its thermal decomposition. The vaporized, gas-phase drug rapidly condenses and coagulates into micrometer-sized aerosol particles. For the commonly prescribed antimigraine drug rizatriptan, inhalation of these particles results in nearly instantaneous systemic drug action.
authors.affiliation: Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA. jrabinowitz@alexza.com
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wensley
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mufson
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaffaroni
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014363:Tryptamines
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D012996:Solutions; D014230:Triazoles; D014363:Tryptamines; C093622:rizatriptan