title: Endotoxin recognition molecules, Toll-like receptor 4-MD-2.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate pathogen recognition molecules for microbial products. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a membrane constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the most potent microbial products. LPS is recognized by TLR4 and MD-2. TLR4 is a transmembrane protein, the extracellular domain of which is composed of a protein motif called leucine-rich repeats (LRR). MD-2 is an extracellular molecule that is associated with the extracellular LRR of TLR4. MD-2 has a role in cell surface expression of TLR4 and interaction with LPS. TLR4-MD-2 contributes to containment of infections by Gram-negative bacteria by activating immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. kmiyake@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D000950:Antigens, Ly / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008024:Ligands; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D008024:Ligands; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C092722:CD180 protein, human; C115213:LY86 protein, human; C495377:LY96 protein, human; C490500:Ly78 protein, mouse; C113553:Ly86 protein, mouse; C411728:Ly96 protein, mouse; C495345:TLR4 protein, human