title: On-line coupling of microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography in the analysis of organic pollutants in water.
abstract: A method for the determination of hydrophobic pollutants in surface waters was developed. The pretreatment was done with microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction, the extract was eluted to a sample loop in the large-volume injector valve of the gas chromatograph and the extract was injected on-line to the gas chromatograph. The method was optimised using standard compounds and the linearity, the limits of detection and quantification of the method were studied. The method allowed the determination of hydrophobic pesticides and PAHs at the ng L(-1) level. The RSD values for the repeatability of the method varied from 4.2% to 25.6%, being on average 9.5%. Surface water samples from Finnish lakes and rivers were analysed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lüthje
authors.forename: Tuulia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyötyläinen
authors.forename: Marja-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Riekkola
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems; D005387:Finland; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical