title: Molecular cloning and expression regulation of PRG-3, a new member of the plasticity-related gene family.
abstract: Phospholipid-mediated signalling on neurons provokes diverse responses such as neurogenesis, pattern formation and neurite remodelling. We have recently uncovered a novel set of molecules in the mammalian brain, named plasticity-related genes (PRGs), which mediate lipid phosphate phosphatase activity and provide evidence for their involvement in mechanisms of neuronal plasticity. Here, we report on a new member of the vertebrate-specific PRG family, which we have named plasticity-related gene-3 (PRG-3). PRG-3 is heavily expressed in the brain and shows a specific expression pattern during brain development where PRG-3 expression is found predominantly in neuronal cell layers and is already expressed at embryonic day 16. In the mature brain, strongest PRG-3 expression occurs in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Overexcitation of neurons induced by kainic acid leads to a transient down-regulation of PRG-3. Furthermore, PRG-3 is expressed on neurite extensions and promotes neurite growth and a spreading-like cell body in neuronal cells and COS-7 cells. In contrast to previously described members of the PRG family, PRG-3 does not perform its function through enzymatic phospholipid degradation. In summary, our findings feature a new member of the PRG family which shows dynamic expression regulation during brain development and neuronal excitation.
authors.affiliation: PRGs Research Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Philippstrasse 12, Charité-University Medical School Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. nicolai.savaskan@charite.de
authors.forename: Nicolai E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Savaskan
authors.forename: Anja U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nitsch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016501:Neurites / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000235:genetics*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010711:Phosphatidate Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010743:Phospholipids; C486235:PLPPR1 protein, human; C486236:PLPPR2 protein, human; C570689:Plppr1 protein, rat; C112948:lipid phosphate phosphatase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D010711:Phosphatidate Phosphatase