title: A WT1 co-regulator controls podocyte phenotype by shuttling between adhesion structures and nucleus.
abstract: Glomerular podocyte differentiation state is critical for filtration barrier function and is regulated by WT1, a zinc finger transcription factor. A yeast two-hybrid assay identified a novel, WT1-interacting protein (WTIP) that maps to human chromosome 19q13.1, a region with genes linked to familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The domain structure of WTIP is similar to the zyxin subfamily of cytosolic LIM domain-containing proteins, which contain three carboxyl-terminal LIM protein-protein interaction domains and a proline-rich, pre-LIM region with a nuclear export signal. Other LIM domain-containing proteins (zyxin and mouse muscle LIM protein) did not interact with WT1 in two-hybrid assays, and WTIP did not interact with an unrelated transcription factor, LMX1B. WTIP mRNA was detected in cultured podocytes and was developmentally regulated, with expression peaking in mouse kidney at embryonic day 15-16 (E15-E16) in kidney but persisting into adulthood. In situ hybridization demonstrated WTIP expression in developing E15 glomeruli and in cultured podocytes. The partial WTIP clone, which interacted with WTIP in the two-hybrid assay, co-localized with WT1 in nuclei, co-precipitated with WT1, and inhibited WT1-dependent transcriptional activation of the amphiregulin promoter. In contrast, full-length WTIP was excluded from cell nuclei, but after the addition of leptomycin B, an inhibitor of Crm1-mediated nuclear export, it accumulated in the nucleus and co-precipitated with WT1 in whole cell lysates. Epitope-tagged WTIP co-localized with the adaptor protein CD2AP (CMS) in podocyte actin spots and with Mena at cell-cell junctions. We propose that WTIP monitors slit diaphragm protein assembly as part of a multiple protein complex, linking this specialized adhesion junction to the actin cytoskeleton, and shuttles into the nucleus after podocyte injury, providing a mechanism whereby changes in slit diaphragm structure modulate gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Rammelkamp Center for Research and Education, MetroHealth System Campus, Cleveland, Ohio 44109-1998, USA.
authors.forename: Manakan B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Srichai
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konieczkowski
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padiyar
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Konieczkowski
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Sweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: M Ashraf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Meanawy
authors.forename: Shenaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mundel
authors.forename: Sean Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bruggeman
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schelling
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sedor
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D022005:Adherens Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D025721:WT1 Proteins; C484859:WTIP protein, human; C484858:Wtip protein, mouse