title: Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure affects cell death processes of yeast cells. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells of the strains KFy417 (wild-type) and KFy437 (cdc48-mutant) were exposed to 900 or 872 MHz RF fields, with or without exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and incubated simultaneously with elevated temperature (+37 degrees C) to induce apoptosis in the cdc48-mutated strain. The RF exposure was carried out in a special waveguide exposure chamber where the temperature of the cell cultures can be precisely controlled. Apoptosis was analyzed using the annexin V-FITC method utilizing flow cytometry. Amplitude modulated (217 pulses per second) RF exposure significantly enhanced UV induced apoptosis in cdc48-mutated cells, but no effect was observed in cells exposed to unmodulated fields at identical time-average specfic absorption rates (SAR, 0.4 or 3.0 W/kg). The findings suggest that amplitude modulated RF fields, together with known damaging agents, can affect the cell death process in mutated yeast cells. Bioelectromagnetics 25:127-133, 2004.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. ari.markkanen@uku.fi
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markkanen
authors.forename: Piia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penttinen
authors.forename: Jonne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naarala
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pelkonen
authors.forename: Ari-Pekka
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sihvonen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juutilainen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D008872:Microwaves; D009154:Mutation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013696:Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays