title: Should carotid endarterectomy be performed for symptomatic carotid stenosis in Pakistan?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk of stroke and death associated with carotid endarterctomy is operator dependant. Data regarding risks of this procedure are not available in Pakistan and therefore it is difficult to make accurate risk benefit analysis for individual patients. Our objective was to determine safety of carotid endarterectomy at an academic tertiary care center in Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) at our hospital during a ten-year period were identified through ICD-9 coding system of the hospital medical records. Demographic features, associated medical problems and immediate postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three carotid endarterectomies were performed on 59 patients. Ages range from 43 to 80 (mean 61 +/- 8) years; 53 were male and 10 were female. Common associated diseases among these patients were hypertension; 38 (64.4%), ischemic heart disease; 26 (44%), diabetes mellitus; 24 (40.7%), dyslipidemia; 19 (32.2%) and renal insufficiency; 13 (22%). Most common complication was neuropraxia (transient neuropathy); 5 (7.9%), followed by pneumonia and stroke; each in 3 (4.8%) patients. None of the strokes related to the surgical procedure were disabling. Two of the patients who had stroke, recovered fully within 17 weeks and one recovered partly but was independent in all daily activities of living (ADLs). One patient died following simultaneous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and CEA. The risk of stroke or death for patients undergoing CEA was high with simultaneous CABG (3/11, 27%) and low for patients undergoing CEA alone (1/52, 2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid endarterectomy is a safe procedure in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis at our hospital and should be performed, when indicated.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Section, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Khealani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasay
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sophie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality