title: Noninvasive continuous monitoring of physiological glucose using a monosaccharide-sensing contact lens.
abstract: We have tested the feasibility of tear glucose sensing using a daily, disposable contact lens embedded with boronic acid-containing fluorophores as a potential alternative to current invasive glucose-monitoring techniques. Our findings show that our approach may, indeed, be suitable for the continuous monitoring of tear glucose levels in the range 50-500 microM, which track blood glucose levels that are approximately 5-10-fold higher. We compare the response of the boronic acid probes in the contact lens to solution-based measurements and can conclude that both the pH and polarity within the contact lens need to be considered with respect to choosing/designing and optimizing glucose-sensing probes for contact lenses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Ramachandram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badugu
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lakowicz
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Geddes
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D003261:Contact Lenses; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005632:Fructose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001897:Boronic Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009005:Monosaccharides; D005632:Fructose