title: The effects of speech output technology in the learning of graphic symbols.
abstract: The effects of auditory stimuli in the form of synthetic speech output on the learning of graphic symbols were evaluated. Three adults with severe to profound mental retardation and communication impairments were taught to point to lexigrams when presented with words under two conditions. In the first condition, participants used a voice output communication aid to receive synthetic speech as antecedent and consequent stimuli. In the second condition, with a nonelectronic communications board, participants did not receive synthetic speech. A parallel treatments design was used to evaluate the effects of the synthetic speech output as an added component of the augmentative and alternative communication system. The 3 participants reached criterion when not provided with the auditory stimuli. Although 2 participants also reached criterion when not provided with the auditory stimuli, the addition of auditory stimuli resulted in more efficient learning and a decreased error rate. Maintenance results, however, indicated no differences between conditions. Finding suggest that auditory stimuli in the form of synthetic speech contribute to the efficient acquisition of graphic communication symbols.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Belfiore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blischak
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hetzroni
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004495:Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D013067:Speech Perception; D014705:Verbal Behavior