title: Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor in patients with idiopathic combined fecal and urinary incontinence.
abstract: The etiologies of combined fecal and urinary incontinence may be interrelated but remain poorly understood. A potential variable in this process is global pelvic floor dysfunction. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the use of phased-array, body coil dynamic MRI in identifying pelvic floor abnormalities in patients with combined incontinence symptoms. Symptomatic patients were compared to asymptomatic control subjects and were selected from those referred to the pelvic physiology laboratory with complaints of combined urinary and fecal incontinence. All patients underwent standard urodynamic studies and anorectal physiologic assessment. Colonoscopy and endoanal ultrasonography were also performed. A standardized protocol was used for dynamic MRI, and the parameters were measured using workstation software (callipers, compass, and densitometer). In the incontinent group there was a significant difference, when compared to control subjects, in the angle of the levator ani muscle arch of the levator plate complex (3.0+/-5 degrees vs. 14+/-10 degrees; P=0.004), the width of the levator hiatus (58.3+/-8 mm vs. 46.5+/-8 mm; P=0.001), the area and tissue density of the levator ani muscle (19.5+/-1 mm(2) vs. 26.9+/-1 mm(2); P=0.001, and 157.3+/-47 pixels vs. 126.1+/-23 pixels; P=0.025, respectively), and in the length of the external anal sphincter (20.0+/-5 mm vs. 26.6+/-13 mm; P=0.03). Body coil dynamic MRI is a noninvasive and well-tolerated imaging modality. Our data show that it can identify changes in pelvic muscle morphology in patients with disorders of incontinence, and this may help in planning better management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Emmanuel I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Eguare
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neary
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crosbie
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beddy
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Torreggiani
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: Frank B V
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Keane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014563:Urodynamics