title: Increased manganese concentration in the liver after oral intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Manganese is a well-known liver-specific agent used in magnetic resonance imaging. For this purpose, manganese is now administered intravenously. In theory it should be possible to increase the gastrointestinal uptake of manganese through the use of nutritional products as promoters. Such an agent has now been formulated. As part of a primary pharmacologic investigation, the uptake of manganese in the kidney, heart, and liver was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred two female Sprague Dawley rats fasted for 18 hours before the agent (CMC-001) was given orally by gavage. One hundred micromol/kg BW was given to all rats except six, who served as controls. Various concentrations of the promoters (vitamin D3 and the amino acid alanine) were also given. Three hours after administration the rats were killed and the heart, the liver and kidneys were removed. The manganese content was determined by atomic absorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No systematic increased concentration of manganese was found in either the kidneys or the heart; whereas the manganese content of the liver (approximately 100%) increased significantly compared with the controls and the group receiving pure manganese. No side effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to increase the gastrointestinal uptake of manganese in fasting rats and thereby increase the concentration in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology 54E2, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klastrup
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000409:Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002762:Cholecalciferol; D008345:Manganese; D000409:Alanine