title: Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels in women with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine differences in novel markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with type 2 diabetes stratified according to cardiorespiratory fitness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 women (mean age 57 +/- 6 years) with type 2 diabetes who were free from overt CVD were placed into low cardiorespiratory fitness (LCF) or average cardiorespiratory fitness (ACF) groups based on a graded exercise test to exhaustion. A group of eight women without type 2 diabetes were also examined and served as healthy control subjects. The median VO(2peak) value was used as a cutoff for group determination. We assessed both conventional CVD risk factors, including blood pressure, BMI, and lipid profile, as well as novel CVD risk factors, such as left ventricular filling dynamics, arterial stiffness, fasting insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VO(2peak) values were 69 +/- 14 and 91 +/- 24% of predicted values for sedentary age-matched healthy individuals in the LCF and ACF groups, respectively. BMI was significantly greater in the LCF group (P < 0.05); however, no differences were observed in age, lipid profile, or resting hemodynamics. CRP was 3.3-fold higher in the LCF group (6.3 +/- 41. vs. 1.9 +/- 1.7 mg/l, P < 0.05), whereas other novel markers of CVD were not significantly different between the groups. Significant negative relationships were observed between VO(2peak) and both CRP (r = -0.49) and the homeostasis model assessment index (r = -0.48) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel finding of this investigation is that low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with elevated CRP and reduced fasting glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. mcgavock@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McGavock
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandic
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vonder Muhll
authors.forename: Richard Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Lewanczuk
authors.forename: H Arthur
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Quinney
authors.forename: Dylan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haykowsky
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids