title: Decreased local control following radiation therapy alone in early-stage glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure extension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the patterns of failure in the treatment of early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1983-2000, 122 consecutive patients treated for early laryngeal cancer (UICC T1N0 and T2N0) by radical radiation therapy (RT) were retrospectively studied. Male-to-female ratio was 106 : 16, and median age 62 years (35-92 years). There were 68 patients with T1a, 18 with T1b, and 36 with T2 tumors. Diagnosis was made by biopsy in 104 patients, and by laser vaporization or stripping in 18. Treatment planning consisted of three-dimensional (3-D) conformal RT in 49 (40%) patients including nine patients irradiated using arytenoid protection. A median dose of 70 Gy (60-74 Gy) was given (2 Gy/fraction) over a median period of 46 days (21-79 days). Median follow-up period was 85 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year overall, cancer-specific, and disease-free survival amounted to 80%, 94%, and 70%, respectively. 5-year local control was 83%. Median time to local recurrence in 19 patients was 13 months (5-58 months). Salvage treatment consisted of surgery in 17 patients (one patient refused salvage and one was inoperable; total laryngectomy in eleven, and partial laryngectomy or cordectomy in six patients). Six patients died because of laryngeal cancer. Univariate analyses revealed that prognostic factors negatively influencing local control were anterior commissure extension, arytenoid protection, and total RT dose < 66 Gy. Among the factors analyzed, multivariate analysis (Cox model) demonstrated that anterior commissure extension, arytenoid protection, and male gender were the worst independent prognostic factors in terms of local control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For early-stage laryngeal cancer, outcome after RT is excellent. In case of anterior commissure extension, surgery or higher RT doses are warranted. Because of a high relapse risk, arytenoid protection should not be attempted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Abderrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zouhair
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azria
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coucke
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Matzinger
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moeckli
authors.forename: Huu-Phuoc
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: René-Olivier
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Mirimanoff
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozsahin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage / Q000473:pathology; D017211:Treatment Failure