title: Acute delirium associated with combined diphenhydramine and linezolid use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of delirium with hallucinations presumably caused by the combination of diphenhydramine and linezolid.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 56-year-old white man was receiving diphenhydramine 300 mg/d for 2 days to treat pruritus caused by a bullous rash possibly induced by vancomycin. He subsequently developed visual and auditory hallucinations, with erratic, aggressive behavior persisting for 3 days. Central anticholinergic syndrome was first suspected, but the long duration and exaggerated response by a patient not prone to anticholinergic toxicity suggest that a second agent may have enhanced the reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacodynamic properties of linezolid make this drug a likely contributor to the marked, prolonged effects experienced by this patient. The Naranjo probability scale suggests a possible relationship between the reaction and the combination of diphenhydramine and linezolid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug-induced delirium can occur with several drugs, including diphenhydramine. Linezolid has dopaminergic properties that may enhance the central nervous system effects of anticholinergics. Precautionary monitoring of mental status should be advised when concomitantly administering linezolid with drugs in this class.
authors.affiliation: St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA. condram@msn.com
authors.forename: Ryan N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Serio
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000208:Acute Disease; D003693:Delirium / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D017007:Duty to Warn; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000188:drug therapy; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D000069349:Linezolid; D018967:Risperidone