title: Oral therapeutic agents with highly clustered globotriose for treatment of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli infections.
abstract: Shiga toxin (Stx) is a major virulence factor in infection with Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). We developed a series of linear polymers of acrylamide, each with a different density of trisaccharide of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which is a receptor for Stx, and identified Gb3 polymers with highly clustered trisaccharides as Stx adsorbents functioning in the gut. The Gb3 polymers specifically bound to both Stx1 and Stx2 with high affinity and markedly inhibited the cytotoxic activities of these toxins. Oral administration of the Gb3 polymers protected mice after administration of a fatal dose of E. coli O157:H7, even when the polymers were administered after the infection had been established. In these mice, the serum level of Stx was markedly reduced and fatal brain damage was substantially suppressed, which suggests that the Gb3 polymers entrap Stx in the gut and prevent its entrance into the circulation. These results indicate that the Gb3 polymers can be used as oral therapeutic agents that function in the gut against STEC infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Katsura
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Igai
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanoshita
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Samejima
authors.forename: Daiyo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Terunuma
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Natori
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005260:Female; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D022603:Shiga Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014281:Trihexosylceramides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2; D022603:Shiga Toxins; D014281:Trihexosylceramides; D014312:Trisaccharides; D020106:Acrylamide; C113460:globotriose; C018549:globotriaosylceramide