title: Periodontal disease and biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of the gums characterized by a loss of attachment between the tooth and bone, and by bone loss. We evaluated cross-sectionally the association between periodontal disease and C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, factor VII, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), LDL-C, von Willebrand factor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2. The final sample consisted of 468 men (ages 47-80 yrs), participating in the Health Professional Follow-up Study, who provided blood and were free of CVD, diabetes, and cancer. In multivariate regression models controlling for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and aspirin intake, self-reported periodontal disease was associated with significantly higher levels of CRP (30% higher among periodontal cases compared with non-cases), t-PA (11% higher), and LDL-C (11% higher). Based on our data, periodontal disease showed significant associations with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and dyslipidemia, which may potentially mediate the association between periodontal and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kjoshipura@hsdm.harvard.edu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Joshipura
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wand
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005167:Factor VII / Q000032:analysis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012907:Smoking; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D005167:Factor VII; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D001241:Aspirin