title: Roxithromycin decreases ultraviolet B irradiation-induced reactive oxygen intermediates production and apoptosis of keratinocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to their antimicrobial action, roxithromycin (RXM), a new 14-membrane macrolide antibiotics, have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces reactive oxygen intermediates and apoptosis of keratinocytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effect of RXM on UVB-irradiated keratinocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  UVB-induced apoptosis was determined by cell death assay using crystal violet staining, and DNA fragmentation assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and calatase activities were measured in UVB-irradiated SV40-trasnformed human keratinocytes (SVHK cells). Detection of superoxide was performed histologically using hydroethidine and colorimetric quantitative assay using ferrous irons. H(2)O(2) was measured by colorimetrical assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RXM suppressed UVB-induced apoptosis of SVHK cells. UVB-irradiated SVHK cells showed decreased SOD, GPx, GR, and catalase activities. RXM pretreatment suppressed the decrease in these enzyme activities with the maximal effect detected at 10microM of RXM. The effect was associated with suppression of UVB-induced superoxide and H(2)O(2) production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that RXM has anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects against UVB-irradiated keratinocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical College, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaokahigashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan. ht@asahikawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishida-Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iizuka
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015575:Roxithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D015575:Roxithromycin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase