title: Selective growth inhibition of tumor cells by a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, NVP-LAQ824.
abstract: We have synthesized a histone deacetylase inhibitor, NVP-LAQ824, a cinnamic hydroxamic acid, that inhibited in vitro enzymatic activities and transcriptionally activated the p21 promoter in reporter gene assays. NVP-LAQ824 selectively inhibited growth of cancer cell lines at submicromolar levels after 48-72 h of exposure, whereas higher concentrations and longer exposure times were required to retard the growth of normal dermal human fibroblasts. Flow cytometry studies revealed that both tumor and normal cells arrested in the G(2)-M phase of the cell cycle after compound treatment. However, an increased sub-G(1) population at 48 h (reminiscent of apoptotic cells) was observed only in the cancer cell line. Annexin V staining data supported our hypothesis that NVP-LAQ824 induced apoptosis in tumor and transformed cells but not in normal cells. Western blotting experiments showed an increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation level in NVP-LAQ824-treated cancer cells, suggesting that the likely in vivo target of NVP-LAQ824 was histone deacetylase(s). Finally, NVP-LAQ824 exhibited antitumor effects in a xenograft animal model. Together, our data indicated that the activity of NVP-LAQ824 was consistent with its intended mechanism of action. This novel histone deacetylase inhibitor is currently in clinical trials as an anticancer agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA. peter.atadja@pharma.novartis.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atadja
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trogani
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Meier
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yeleswarapu
authors.forename: Nagarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandramouli
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Versace
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sambucetti
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lassota
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bair
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Remiszewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C477361:LAQ824; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D005472:Fluorouracil