title: Prospective evaluation of thermal capsulorrhaphy for shoulder instability: indications and results, two- to five-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thermal shrinkage of capsular tissue has recently been proposed as a means to address the capsular redundancy associated with shoulder instability. Although this procedure has become very popular, minimal peer-reviewed literature is available to justify its widespread use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic electrothermal capsulorrhaphy for the treatment of shoulder instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  This nonrandomized prospective study evaluated the indications and results of thermal capsulorrhaphy in 84 shoulders with an average follow-up of 38 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into three clinical subgroups: traumatic anterior dislocation (acute or recurrent), recurrent anterior anterior/inferior subluxation without prior dislocation, and multidirectional instability. Patients underwent arthroscopic thermal capsulorrhaphy after initial assessment, radiographs, and failure of a minimum of 3 months of nonoperative rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome measures included pain, recurrent instability, return to work/sports, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Assessment score. Overall results were excellent in 33 participants (39%), satisfactory in 20 (24%), and unsatisfactory in 31 (37%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of unsatisfactory overall results (37%), documented with longer follow-up, is of great concern. The authors conclude that enthusiasm for thermal capsulorrhaphy should be tempered until further studies document its efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Shoulder and Elbow Center, Miller Orthopaedic Clinic, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203, USA.
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fleischli
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Connor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002648:Child; D004598:Electrosurgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000601:surgery*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome