title: Value of transcatheter arterial embolization with coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate for long-term hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of splanchnic arterial branches to allow continuous application of repeat hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 128 patients with unresectable advanced liver cancer, percutaneous implantation of a port catheter system and TAE of splanchnic arteries with coils and/or n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) were performed. Parameters included (a) methods selected for catheter placement; (b) embolic materials used (coils and/or NBCA, number of coils, administration rate of NBCA-iodized oil) for TAE of splanchnic arteries, details of embolized arteries, and frequency of recanalization; (c) ability to prevent gastrointestinal symptoms by avoiding inflow of anticancer drugs into extrahepatic adjacent organs and to maintain distribution of contrast agents in liver, as well as management of difficulties encountered; (d) complications related to catheter system implantation or to long-term HAIC and management of such complications; and (e) final success in performing scheduled HAIC while maintaining distribution over liver via a single route without gastrointestinal symptoms caused by inflow of anticancer drugs. Fisher exact test was used to compare recanalization rate between coil-embolized and NBCA- or NBCA-coil-embolized arteries, and frequency of heterogeneously poor distribution was compared between patients with single and those with multiple hepatic arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embolization was successful during first catheterization in 326 arteries and during follow-up in 10. In 119 (93.0%) of 128 patients, repeat HAIC was effective until death or the time of this writing (observation period, 2-47 months). HAIC was continued in two patients, although anticancer drugs did not distribute to all liver tumors. Arteries once embolized with coils alone spontaneously recanalized at a significantly higher rate than those with NBCA (eight of 192 vs one of 144, P =.048). Rate of heterogeneously poor distribution was significantly higher in those with two or more hepatic arteries than in those with one (seven of 17 vs nine of 111, P =.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TAE for various splanchnic organs is useful for efficient performance of long-term HAIC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-chyo, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. yamagami@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004659:Enbucrilate