title: Fetal bilateral renal agenesis, phocomelia, and single umbilical artery associated with cocaine abuse in early pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal cocaine abuse in pregnancy is associated with complications such as intrauterine growth retardation, abruptio placentae, and preterm delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report what is, to our knowledge, the first published observation of fetal bilateral renal agenesis associated with a vascular disruption syndrome comprising upper limb reduction defect and a single umbilical artery following maternal cocaine abuse in early pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This constellation in a fetus aborted at 18 weeks extends the spectrum of complications possibly associated with cocaine abuse in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics & Division of Perinatal, Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Maki.Kashiwagi@fhk.usz.ch
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Rabih
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaoui
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stallmach
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hürlimann
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lauper
authors.forename: Gundula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hebisch
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities*
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine