History of the clinical use of botulinum toxin A and B.
The history of the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin (BTX) must begin with the clinical use of BTX in humans. This came out of Alan Scott's work, which was initially an attempt to find a nonsurgical treatment for some forms of strabismus. Alan Scott put together the idea of Ed Maumenee to use BTX to affect extraocular muscles, Art Jampolsky's electromyographic control delivery system, and Ed Schantz' work on the purification of BTX.
Carruthers
Alastair
A
Division of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. alastair@carruthers.net
D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000266:history*; D005544:Forecasting; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins