title: Abdominal drainage after hepatic resection is contraindicated in patients with chronic liver diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether abdominal drainage is beneficial after elective hepatic resection in patients with underlying chronic liver diseases.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, in patients with chronic liver diseases, an abdominal drainage catheter is routinely inserted after hepatic resection to drain ascitic fluid and to detect postoperative hemorrhage and bile leakage. However, the benefits of this surgical practice have not been evaluated prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1999 and March 2002, 104 patients who had underlying chronic liver diseases were prospectively randomized to have either closed suction abdominal drainage (drainage group, n = 52) or no drainage (nondrainage group, n = 52) after elective hepatic resection. The operative outcomes of the 2 groups of patients were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven (55%) patients had major hepatic resection with resection of 3 Coiunaud's segments or more. Sixty-nine (66%) patients had liver cirrhosis and 35 (34%) had chronic hepatitis. Demographic, surgical, and pathologic details were similar between both groups. The primary indication for hepatic resection was hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 100, 96%). There was no difference in hospital mortality between the 2 groups of patients (drainage group, 6% vs. nondrainage group, 2%; P = 0.618). However, there was a significantly higher overall operative morbidity in the drainage group (73% vs. 38%, P < 0.001). This was related to a significantly higher incidence of wound complications in the drainage group compared with the nondrainage group (62% vs. 21%, P < 0.001). In addition, a trend toward a higher incidence of septic complications in the drainage group was observed (33% vs. 17%, P = 0.07). The mean (+/- standard error of mean) postoperative hospital stay of the drainage group was 19.0 +/- 2.2 days, which was significantly longer than that of the nondrainage group (12.5 +/- 1.1 days, P = 0.005). With a median follow-up of 15 months, none of the 51 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the drainage group developed metastasis at the drain sites. On multivariate analysis, abdominal drainage, underlying liver cirrhosis, major hepatic resection, and intraoperative blood loss of >1.5L were independent and significant factors associated with postoperative morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine abdominal drainage after hepatic resection is contraindicated in patients with chronic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. clliu@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: Chi-Leung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sheung-Tat
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Chung-Mau
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Yik
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Irene Oi-Lin
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Chi-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Ronnie Tung-Ping
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013396:Suction / Q000009:adverse effects