Photolytic debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209).
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are commonly used flame retardants. During the past years, concerns have increased due to their occurrence in the environment and humans. In general, the concentrations of lower brominated (tetra-penta) diphenyl ethers in biota exceed those of the most heavily used product, decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE). In this study, the photolytic debromination of DecaBDE has been investigated in order to study the formation of lower brominated diphenyl ethers. The time course of photolysis of DecaBDE was studied in toluene, on silica gel, sand, sediment and soil using artificial sunlight and on the natural matrices (sediment, soil, sand) also using natural sunlight. DecaBDE was photolytically labile and formed debromination products in all matrices studied. Nona- to tetraBDEs were formed as well as some PBDFs. The half-lives in toluene and on silica gel were less than 15 min, and half-lives on other matrices ranged between 40 and 200 h. No differences were seen in the debromination pattern of BDE congeners sequentially formed in the different matrices or under different light conditions. However, the debromination rates were strongly dependent on the matrix with longer half-lives on natural matrices than artificial ones.
Söderstrom
Gunilla
G
Environmental Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Sellström
Ulla
U
de Wit
Cynthia A
CA
Tysklind
Mats
M
D001966:Bromine / Q000737:chemistry; D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D010777:Photochemistry; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013472:Sunlight
D001969:Bromobenzenes; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether; D001966:Bromine