title: Optic nerve oxygen tension: the effects of timolol and dorzolamide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors have previously reported that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide and dorzolamide raise optic nerve oxygen tension (ONPO(2)) in pigs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether timolol, which belongs to another group of glaucoma drugs called beta blockers, has a similar effect. In addition, the effect of dorzolamide and timolol in combination was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polarographic oxygen electrodes were placed transvitreally over the optic disc in anaesthetised pigs and ONPO(2) was recorded continually. Drugs were administered intravenously either as 100 mg timolol followed by 500 mg dorzolamide (n = 5), 500 mg dorzolamide followed by 100 mg timolol (n = 5), or 100 mg timolol and 500 mg dorzolamide given simultaneously (n = 5). Arterial blood pressure, blood gasses, and heart rate were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ONPO(2) was unaffected by administration of 100 mg timolol as an intravenous injection (n = 5). Administration of 500 mg dorzolamide by itself significantly increased ONPO(2) from 2.96 (SD 0.62) kPa to 3.69 (SD 0.88) kPa (n = 4, p = 0.035). The dorzolamide induced ONPO(2) increase was not significantly different from the ONPO(2) increases were seen when dorzolamide was administered simultaneous with (n = 5) or 35 minutes (n = 5) after 100 mg timolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic administration of timolol does not affect the optic nerve oxygen tension despite its lowering effect on the intraocular pressure. Additionally, timolol does not affect the ONPO(2) increasing effect of dorzolamide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. jfk@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kiilgaard
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eysteinsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: la Cour
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefánsson
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013999:Timolol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D013999:Timolol; C062765:dorzolamide; D010100:Oxygen