title: Expression and function of PPARgamma in rat placental development.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is a nuclear receptor known to regulate adipogenesis. Deletion of the PPARgamma gene in the mouse results in death by embryonic day 10.0 (E10.0) due to the failure of establishment of a labyrinth layer in the placenta, which suggests that PPARgamma is involved in trophoblast differentiation. To define PPARgamma function further in placental development, the expression and localization of the PPARgamma gene in the rat placenta was investigated. RT-PCR analysis shows the presence of PPARgamma mRNA in the placenta of day 11 of pregnancy (d11). The expression level is higher at d13 and then later decreased. Immunohistochemistry detects both PPARgamma and its putative intrinsic ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), in the trophoblast of layer I which lined the maternal sinus. Oral administration of troglitazone, an agonist of PPARgamma, to pregnant rats between d9 and d11 increases the expression level of PPARgamma in the placenta and reduces the mortality of the fetuses by half. These results suggest that PPARgamma is required not only for trophoblast differentiation but also trophoblast maturation to establish maternal-fetal transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asami-Miyagishi
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002839:Chromans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008024:Ligands; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000077288:Troglitazone; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D002839:Chromans; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D000077288:Troglitazone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2