title: Expression of connective tissue growth factor after glaucoma filtration surgery in a rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) appears to play a significant role in mediating fibrosis in several tissues. To gain further understanding of the role of CTGF in the scar formation that occurs after glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS), experiments were performed in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  . Three experiments were performed: (1) CTGF and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta expression were measured quantitatively after GFS, using ELISA. (2) After GFS conjunctival bleb tissues were immunostained for the presence of CTGF and TGF-beta. (3) Exogenous CTGF was injected into mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated filtering blebs and the scaring response compared to TGF-beta and physiological saline-injected blebs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CTGF and TGF-beta were expressed maximally by day 5 after surgery and were both shown to be present in the bleb tissues after GFS. The addition of exogenous CTGF and TGF-beta increased the rate of failure of GFS blebs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the hypothesis that CTGF plays an important role in scarring and wound contracture after GFS. Inhibition of CTGF synthesis or its action may help prevent bleb failure and improve long-term GFS outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0284, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Esson
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neelakantan
authors.forename: Sandhya A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Blalock
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Grotendorst
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sherwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018463:Filtering Surgery; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor