title: Nitric oxide functions as a signal in salt resistance in the calluses from two ecotypes of reed.
abstract: Calluses from two ecotypes of reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) plant (dune reed [DR] and swamp reed [SR]), which show different sensitivity to salinity, were used to study plant adaptations to salt stress. Under 200 mm NaCl treatment, the sodium (Na) percentage decreased, but the calcium percentage and the potassium (K) to Na ratio increased in the DR callus, whereas an opposite changing pattern was observed in the SR callus. Application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a nitric oxide (NO) donor, revealed that NO affected element ratios in both DR and SR calluses in a concentration-dependent manner. N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (an NO synthase inhibitor) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxyde (a specific NO scavenger) counteracted NO effect by increasing the Na percentage, decreasing the calcium percentage and the K to Na ratio. The increased activity of plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase caused by NaCl treatment in the DR callus was reversed by treatment with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxyde. Western-blot analysis demonstrated that NO stimulated the expression of PM H(+)-ATPase in both DR and SR calluses. These results indicate that NO serves as a signal in inducing salt resistance by increasing the K to Na ratio, which is dependent on the increased PM H(+)-ATPase activity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jinkui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium