title: Language activation in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, participants with schizophrenia showed decreased language lateralisation, resulting from increased activation of the right hemisphere compared with controls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether decreased lateralisation and increased right cerebral language activation constitute genetic predispositions for schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Language activation was measured using fMRI in 12 right-handed monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and 12 healthy right-handed monozygotic twin pairs who were twin pairs who were matched for gender, age and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Language lateralisation was decreased in discordant twin pairs compared with the healthy twin pairs. The groups did not differ in activation of the language-related areas of the left hemisphere, but language-related activation in the right hemisphere was activation in the significantly higher in the discordant twin pairs than in the healthy pairs. Within the discordant twin pairs, language lateralisation was not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia and their co-twins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased language lateralisation may constitute a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience Psychiatry Department, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. I.Sommer@azu.nl
authors.forename: Iris E C
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Nick F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: René C W
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mandl
authors.forename: Clarine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Oel
authors.forename: Renée S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics*