title: Use of gadolinium as an intraarterial contrast agent for pediatric neuroendovascular procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety and efficacy of Gd as an intraarterial contrast agent for pediatric neuroendovascular procedures were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed data regarding pediatric neuroendovascular procedures performed during a 1-year period. Seventeen procedures involving the use of gadodiamide in nine pediatric patients were identified. All angiographic images were of diagnostic quality but usually required minimal postimage processing. In time-consuming cases, the use of gadodiamide allowed the procedure to continue when the dosage of iodinated contrast approached a toxicity level and would have otherwise prompted termination of the procedure. This likely reduced the total number of procedures necessary. No adverse events due to the intraarterial use of gadodiamide were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gadodiamide appears to be a safe and effective contrast agent for pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Burry
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mericle
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D003404:Creatinine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA