title: Bacteremia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence and predictive value of surveillance cultures.
abstract: We studied 622 transplants undertaken between 1982 and 2001 to: (1) determine the incidence, timing and etiology of bacteremias, and (2) examine the ability of routine surveillance cultures to predict bacteremias. A total of 404 episodes (0.65 episode per patient) occurred in 248 patients, due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=171, 42%), Gram-negative bacteria (n=129, 32%), streptococci (n=48, 12%), other Gram-positive bacteria (n=33, 8%), anaerobes (n=9, 2%) and fungi (n=14, 3%). Bacteremias were more frequent in allogeneic (0.96 episode/patient) compared to autologous (0.44) transplants (P<0.0001). The overall incidence decreased from 0.92 episode/patient until 1990 to 0.66 in 1991-1996 and 0.55 in 1997-2001 (P<0.0001), but this was only observed in autologous transplants. Among them, 212 (53%) occurred before hospital discharge and 192 (47%) thereafter. This proportion was lower for coagulase-negative staphylococci, other Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria compared to other agents (P=0.001). In 50% of the cases, the agent responsible for the bacteremic episode was present in routine surveillance cultures previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) bacteremias remain a frequent complication, particularly in allogeneic transplantation, even long after hospital discharge; (2) routine surveillance cultures can predict bacteremias in 50% of the cases, but the practical impact of this observation is limited in view of the costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frère
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hermanne
authors.forename: M-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Debouge
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Mol
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fillet
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beguin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous