Methods for detection of reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen: in vitro and in vivo considerations.
Facile detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in biologic systems is often problematic. This is a result of the numerous cellular mechanisms, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic involved in their catabolism/decomposition, the complex and overlapping nature of their reactivities, as well as the often limited intracellular access of detector systems. This review describes approaches to the direct and indirect measurement of different reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen. Particular attention to a method's applicability for in vivo determinations will be addressed.
Tarpey
Margaret M
MM
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
Wink
David A
DA
Grisham
Matthew B
MB
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000032:analysis; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D016877:Oxidants; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D013481:Superoxides; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide