title: Progression and remission of pelvic organ prolapse: a longitudinal study of menopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the natural history of pelvic organ prolapse after menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 2 to 8 years, participants in the estrogen plus progestin trial of the Women's Health Initiative at the University of California Davis had annual pelvic examinations, with an assessment of uterine prolapse, cystocele, and rectocele. The findings from these examinations were used to describe the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse, the probability of progression or regression, and the associated risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 31.8% of women had pelvic organ prolapse (n=412 women). The annual incidences of cystocele, rectocele, and uterine prolapse were 9.3, 5.7, and 1.5 cases per 100 women-years, respectively. Incident prolapse was associated with increasing parity and waist circumference. The progression rates for grade 1 pelvic organ prolapse (per 100 women-years) were 9.5 for cystocele, 13.5 for rectocele, and 1.9 for uterine prolapse. The annual rates of regression (per 100 women-years) was 23.5, 22, and 48, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that pelvic organ prolapse is not always chronic and progressive as traditionally thought. Spontaneous regression is common, especially for grade 1 prolapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. vhanda1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D017698:Postmenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D020047:Rectocele / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012307:Risk Factors; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*