title: Growth hormone is a positive regulator of adiponectin receptor 2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: The fat-derived protein adiponectin is an important insulin-sensitizing adipocytokine which is downregulated in insulin resistance and obesity. Recently, two receptors of this adipose-expressed protein called adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and 2 (AdipoR2) have been cloned. To clarify expression and regulation of these receptors in fat cells, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction during differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and after treatment with various hormones known to induce insulin resistance. Interestingly, AdipoR2 synthesis was significantly increased up to 4.8-fold during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, whereas AdipoR1 expression was only augmented up to 1.4-fold. Furthermore, growth hormone (GH) induced AdipoR2, but not AdipoR1 mRNA by up to 2.4-fold in a dose- and time-dependent fashion with significant stimulation detectable at concentrations as low as 5 ng/ml GH and as early as 2 h after effector addition. The positive effect of GH on AdipoR2 expression could be reversed by withdrawal of the hormone for 24 h. In contrast, other key hormones involved in the regulation of insulin resistance and energy metabolism such as insulin, isoproterenol, dexamethasone, triiodothyronine, angiotensin 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 did not influence AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 synthesis in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that AdipoR2 expression is differentiation-dependent and selectively regulated by GH implying a potential role of this hormone in adiponectin-associated alterations of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasshauer
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kralisch
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klier
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lössner
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paschke
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C475419:adiponectin receptor 1, mouse; C475421:adiponectin receptor 2, mouse; D013006:Growth Hormone