title: Urinary-based ovulation and pregnancy: point-of-care testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature concerning ovulation prediction devices and pregnancy detection tests for home use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were identified through searches of the MEDLINE (1966-May 2003), EMBASE (1980-May 2003), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2003) databases using the key words ovulation, ovulation detection, pregnancy test, diagnostic reagent kit, and diagnostic test. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of the articles found in the literature search. Searches were not limited by time restriction, language, or use of human or animal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review articles, textbook chapters, and experimental and observational studies on home use ovulation and pregnancy tests were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Luteinizing hormone (LH)-based ovulation tests have demonstrated accurate and superior ovulation detection when compared to basal body temperature charting, calendar calculation, salivary ferning, or observation of vaginal or cervical discharge changes. Systems using LH and estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G) have also demonstrated accurate detection of the fertile period. Literature evaluating home use of pregnancy tests has demonstrated accurate use by lay persons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary-based ovulation prediction and pregnancy detection tests available for use by nonprofessionals enable women and couples to take an active role in the family planning process. Numerous products are available at reasonable costs to the consumer.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA. seichner@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Samantha F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Eichner
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Timpe
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010060:Ovulation / Q000652:urine*; D010061:Ovulation Detection / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011258:Pregnancy Tests / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic