title: The presence and function of phosphodiesterase type 5 in the rat myometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a diverse enzyme group with multiple regulatory properties and wide tissue distribution. Such activity includes cyclic adenosine (cAMP) and guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) breakdown. The type 5 isoform (PDE-5, cGMP specific) is the target of specific antagonists (ie, sildenafil, Viagra). We tested the hypothesis that PDE-5 is present in rat myometrium and modulates myometrial activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness uterine wall was collected from nonpregnant (n=3) and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on days 10 (n=4), 17 (n=6), 22 nonlabor (n=5), and 22 during term labor (TL, n=4). Preterm labor (PTL, n=3) was induced in some animals on day 16 with 15 mg/kg mifepristone (RU 486). Tissue samples were prepared for Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody against rodent PDE-5. In a second series, cumulative doses of sildenafil (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) were administered and the effect on uterine contractility recorded in vivo during term (TL, n=7) and preterm labor (PTL, n=6). Saline solution-injected rats provided temporal control. Uterine contractility was estimated from intrauterine pressure (IP) measured electronically with a sensor tip pressure catheter. Heart rate was recorded simultaneously using electrodes attached to the chest and connected to the same data acquisition system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PDE-5 immunoreactivity was present in the nonpregnant rat uterus and at all gestational times studied, although the expression was unaffected by either pregnancy or the state of labor (preterm or term). A dominant antibody-specific band was identified at 86 kd in the uterine samples, contrasting with lung where the 100-kd PDE-5 isoform was most abundant. Two additional lower molecular weight (55 and 32 kd) bands were also identified as antibody specific. Despite the lack of change in PDE-5 during pregnancy, sildenafil reduced IP during TL and PTL beginning at 0.5 mg/kg. The highest dose of sildenafil reduced IP during both TL and PTL by 45% and 59% of baseline, respectively (two-way analysis of variance, P<.01). This effect was not accompanied by changes in heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDE-5 is constitutively present in the rat uterine wall. There was no observed change in the PDE-5 protein expression throughout pregnancy. In contrast to the lung, the uterus expresses an 80-kd PDE-5 isoform. Sildenafil in pharmacologic doses inhibits mechanical uterine activity and might be of benefit if selectively used for treatment of preterm labor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. catalin.buhimschi@yale.edu
authors.forename: Catalin S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Buhimschi
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Garfield
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Irina A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Buhimschi
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D000818:Animals; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D005260:Female; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000378:metabolism*; D009215:Myometrium / Q000201:enzymology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D011687:Purines; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517384:Pde5a protein, rat