title: Differentially expressed Maf family transcription factors, c-Maf and MafA, activate glucagon and insulin gene expression in pancreatic islet alpha- and beta-cells.
abstract: A basic-leucine zipper transcription factor, MafA, was recently identified as one of the most important transactivators of insulin gene expression. This protein controls the glucose-regulated and pancreatic beta-cell-specific expression of the insulin gene through a cis-regulatory element called RIPE3b/MARE (Maf-recognition element). Here, we show that MafA expression is restricted to beta-cells of pancreatic islets in vivo and in insulinoma cell lines. We also demonstrate that c-Maf, another member of the Maf family of transcription factors, is expressed in islet alpha-cells and in a glucagonoma cell line (alphaTC1), but not in gamma- and delta-cells. An insulinoma cell line, betaTC6, also expressed c-Maf, albeit at a low level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Maf proteins associate with insulin and glucagon promoters in beta- and alpha-cell lines, respectively. c-Maf protein stimulated glucagon promoter activity in a transient luciferase assay, and activation of the glucagon promoter by c-Maf was more efficient than by the other alpha-cell-enriched transcription factors, Cdx2, Pax6, and Isl-1. Furthermore, inhibition of c-Maf expression in alphaTC1 cells by specific short hairpin RNA resulted in marked reduction of the glucagon promoter activity. Thus, c-Maf and MafA are differentially expressed in alpha- and beta-cells where they regulate glucagon and insulin gene expression, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan. kkataoka@bs.aist-nara.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakagami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051473:Maf Transcription Factors, Large; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051257:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007328:Insulin; C495607:MAF protein, human; D051473:Maf Transcription Factors, Large; C495608:Maf protein, mouse; C485160:Mafa protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051257:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005934:Glucagon