title: Lack of detrimental effects of nitric oxide inhibition in bile duct-ligated rats with hepatic encephalopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are not fully understood. Vasodilatation induced by nitric oxide (NO) may be involved in the development of HE. There is no comprehensive data concerning the effects of NO inhibition on HE in chronic liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-270 g at the time of surgery were selected for experiments. Secondary biliary cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Counts of movements were compared between BDL rats and rats receiving a sham operation. In another series of experiments, BDL rats received either Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 25 mg kg-1 day-1 in tap water) or tap water (control) from the 36th to 42nd days after BDL. Besides motor activities, plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and nitrate/nitrite, liver biochemistry tests and haemodynamics were determined after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the sham-operated rats, the total, ambulatory and vertical movements were significantly decreased in the BDL rats (P </= 0.001). The L-NAME group had a significantly higher mean arterial pressure than that of the control group (119.0 +/- 2.5 mmHg vs. 97.3 +/- 2.8 mmHg, P = 0.002). However, the counts of motor activities, plasma levels of TNF-alpha and nitrate/nitrite, and serum biochemistry tests were not significantly different between the L-NAME and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bile duct ligation may induce HE evidenced by a decrease in motor activities. However, chronic L-NAME administration did not have significantly detrimental or therapeutic effects on the severity of encephalopathy in BDL rats.
authors.affiliation: Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Armed Forces Sungshan Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: T-F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R-H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: F-Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: F-Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C-J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S-D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester