title: Very early expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in brain oedema tissue associated with brain contusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain oedema associated with cerebral contusion can be life-threatening. Mechanisms of the development of brain oedema are still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) in the contusional brain tissue obtained during neurosurgery from 5 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF is expressed in some but not all the astrocytes, and KDR/Flk-1 is expressed in vascular endothelial cells in the con-tusional tissue as early as 3 hours after onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that the VEGF is induced in the contusional tissue in the very early period after onset, and that it increases capillary permeability via KDR/Flk-1 resulting in vasogenic type brain oedema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University, Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan. ryuta@med.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagashijma
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itokawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006416:Hematoxylin; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin