title: The influence of depth of marker administration on sentinel node detection in cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regional lymph node surgical management is an integral part of cervical cancer therapy. In gynaecological oncology, recent studies have confirmed the utility of the sentinel node concept in vulvar and cervical cancer. The method of the marker's administration is considered to play an important role in sentinel node detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 patients with cervical cancer (stage IB-IIA) underwent SLN detection during radical abdominal hysterectomy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group of 30 patients with 0.5-1cm deep marker injection, the second with sub-epithelial marker injection. Gamma-camera scanning, as well as hand-held probe detection was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All hot nodes visualised on lymphoscintigraphy were "hot" when using the hand-held gamma probe. Deep marker injection revealed a sentinel node in 27 patients (90%) on both sides, in 3 patients (10%) only on one side. Only 40 (67%) sentinel nodes were blue-stained. Sub-epithelial marker administration revealed a sentinel node on both sides in all 30 patients (100%). In 28 patients (93.3%) the sentinel nodes were radioactive and blue-stained, in one case not-blue stained on either side, in one case blue stained only on one side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sentinel node detection rate in cervical cancer is relatively high and depends on the applied technique. The superficial administration of radiocolloid and the blue dye into the cervix provides a higher sentinel node detection rate than deep administration in cervical cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland. dwydra@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wydra
authors.forename: Sambor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawicki
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emerich
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romanowicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C083602:technetium Tc 99m nanocolloid