title: The nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, influences RANKL expression in human osteoblast-like cells by activating TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE).
abstract: Bisphosphonates are used to prevent osteoclast-mediated bone loss. Zoledronic acid inhibits osteoclast maturation indirectly by increasing OPG protein secretion and decreasing transmembrane RANKL expression in human osteoblasts. The decreased transmembrane RANKL expression seems to be related to the upregulation of the RANKL sheddase, TACE.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Bisphosphonates (BPs) exhibit high affinity for hydroxyapatite mineral in bone and are used extensively to treat malignancy-associated bone disease and postmenopausal bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of the most potent nitrogen-containing BP available, zoledronic acid (ZOL), on the expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), critical factors in the regulation of OC formation and activation, in primary osteoblast (OB)-like cells derived from human bone, using flow cytometry, ELISA, semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our studies show that ZOL, while not significantly affecting RANKL or OPG gene expression, markedly increased OPG protein secretion and reduced transmembrane RANKL protein expression in OB-like cells. The reduction in transmembrane RANKL expression was preceded by a marked increase in the expression of the metalloprotease-disintegrin, TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE). In addition, the decreased transmembrane expression of RANKL could be partially reversed by a TACE inhibitor, TAPI-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our studies indicate that ZOL, in addition to its direct effects on mature OCs, may inhibit the recruitment and differentiation of OCs by cleavage of transmembrane RANKL in OB-like cells by upregulating the sheddase, TACE.
authors.affiliation: Myeloma and Mesenchymal Research Group, Matthew Robert Foundation Laboratory, Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Beiqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Amanda N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Farrugia
authors.forename: Luen Bik
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Andrew C W
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zannettino
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004164:Diphosphonates; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007093:Imidazoles; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C099410:TAPI-2; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; C000606462:ADAM17 protein, human