title: Long-term effects of a reduced fat diet intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with glucose intolerance.
abstract: The long-term effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors of a reduced fat (RF), ad libitum diet were compared with usual diet (control, CD) in glucose intolerance individuals. Participants were 136 adults aged > or =40 years with 'glucose intolerance' (2h blood glucose 7-11.0 mmol/l) detected at a Diabetes Survey who completed at 1 year intervention study of reduced fat, ad libitum diet versus usual diet. They were re-assessed at 2, 3 and 5 years. Main outcome measures were blood pressure, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol:HDL ratio, triglycerides and body weight. The reduced fat diet lowered total cholesterol (P<0.01), LDL cholesterol (P< or =0.05), total cholesterol:HDL ratio (P< or =0.05), body weight (P<0.01) and systolic blood pressure (P< or =0.05) initially and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01) long-term. No significant changes occurred in HDL cholesterol or triglycerides. In the more compliant 50% of the intervention group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and body weight were lower at 1, 2 and 3 years (P<0.05). It was concluded that a reduced fat ad libitum diet has short-term benefits for cholesterol, body weight and systolic blood pressure and long-term benefits for diastolic blood pressure without significantly effecting HDL cholesterol and triglycerides despite participants regaining their lost weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. sarah@dietician.co.nz
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ley
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: Robert K R
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Scragg
authors.forename: Boyd A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Swinburn
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003971:Diastole; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol