title: Gram-negative, but not Gram-positive, bacteria elicit strong PGE2 production in human monocytes.
abstract: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria induce different cytokine patterns in human mononuclear cells. We have seen that Gram-positives preferentially induce IL-12 and TNF-alpha, whereas Gram-negatives induce more IL-10, IL-6, and IL-8. In this study, we compared the capacity of these two groups of bacteria to induce PGE2. Monocytes stimulated with Gram-negative bacterial species induced much more PGE2 than did Gram-positive bacteria (5600 +/- 330 vs. 1700 +/- 670 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Blocking of COX-2 by NS398 abolished PGE2 production, but did not alter the cytokine patterns induced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We suggest that Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria may stimulate different innate effector functions; Gram-positive bacteria promoting cell-mediated effector functions whereas Gram-negative bacteria inducing mediators inhibiting the same.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden. christina.hessle@microbio.gu.se
authors.forename: Christina C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hessle
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Agnes E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wold
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone