title: Building characteristics, indoor air quality and recurrent wheezing in very young children (BAMSE).
abstract: This study was conducted to examine the impact of building characteristics and indoor air quality on recurrent wheezing in infants. We followed a birth cohort (BAMSE) comprising 4089 children, born in predefined areas of Stockholm, during their first 2 years of life. Information on exposures was obtained from parental questionnaires when the children were 2 months and on symptoms and diseases when the children were 1 and 2 years old. Children with recurrent wheezing, and two age-matched controls per case, were identified and enrolled in a nested case-control study. The homes were investigated and ventilation rate, humidity, temperature and NO2 measured. We found that living in an apartment erected after 1939, or in a private home with crawl space/concrete slab foundation were associated with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing, odds ratio (OR) 2.5 (1.3-4.8) and 2.5 (1.1-5.4), respectively. The same was true for living in homes with absolute indoor humidity >5.8 g/kg, OR 1.7 (1.0-2.9) and in homes where windowpane condensation was consistently reported over several years, OR 2.2 (1.1-4.5). However, air change rate and type of ventilation system did not seem to affect the risk. In conclusion, relatively new apartment buildings, single-family homes with crawl space/concrete slab foundation, elevated indoor humidity, and reported wintertime windowpane condensation were associated with recurrent wheezing in infants. Thus, improvements of the building quality may have potential to prevent infant wheezing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Stockholm County Council, Norrbacka, 3rd Floor, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. gunnel.emenius@smd.sll.se
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emenius
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svartengren
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korsgaard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nordvall
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pershagen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wickman
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D018877:Sick Building Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013696:Temperature; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide