title: Vulvovaginal candida in a young sexually active population: prevalence and association with oro-genital sex and frequent pain at intercourse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of vulvovaginal candida among sexually active adolescents. To determine past and present symptoms, including pain at intercourse and potential behavioural risk factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  At an adolescent centre, 219 sexually active women who underwent genital examination, also completed a questionnaire on a history of genital symptoms and infections, sexual and hygiene habits, and the use of contraceptives. Symptoms and clinical signs were registered. Vaginal samples were analysed for candida species and urine for Chlamydia trachomatis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candida culture was positive in 42% of the women and only 15% were asymptomatic. A history of recurrent candidiasis was given by 22%. Frequent pain at intercourse was reported by 24% and frequent oro-genital sex by 42% of the women. Frequent pain at intercourse was significantly associated with both the growth of candida and a history of recurrent candidiasis. Oro-genital sex was an independent risk factor for the growth of candida.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In sexually active adolescents, who underwent genital examination, candida cultures were positive in 42%. The habit of frequent oro-genital sex was associated with the growth of candida. Pain at intercourse was associated with the growth of candida and recurrent candidiasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. eva.rylander@kids.ki.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rylander
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krassny
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology