title: Responses of rat myocardial antioxidant defences and heat shock protein HSP72 induced by 12 and 24-week treadmill training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of both a short (12 weeks) and a long-term (24 weeks) endurance treadmill-training programme on the levels of oxidative stress markers, the activity of the enzymatic antioxidants, and the content of the 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) in rat myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to exercise trained (n = 16) and sedentary (n = 14) groups. After 12 week of training, eight rats were killed while the remaining eight continued the training programme until 24 week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven sedentary controls were killed together with each trained group. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, and total and oxidized glutathione (tGSH and GSSG) in myocardial homogenates were unchanged by training irrespective of the protocol duration. However, an increased content of the oxidative stress biomarkers was detected in hearts from both the 24-week trained rats and their sedentary controls when compared with their corresponding 12-week groups. The antioxidant enzymatic activities total and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (tSOD and mtSOD, respectively), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR), remained unchanged after the 12-week training period whereas a significant increase in tSOD and mtSOD activities (18%, P < 0.05) was observed in heart homogenates of 24-week trained animals as compared with their sedentary controls. HSP72 expression levels were not significantly modified after 12 week of training but a threefold increase was detected after 24 week (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that a long-term endurance training (24 weeks) induced discrete increases in antioxidant enzyme activities in rat myocardium and elicited a marked enhancement in HSP72 expression levels. However, a shorter training programme (12 weeks), was not effective in increasing heart antioxidant defences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Megías
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione