title: Assessing the behavioral consequences of multiple sclerosis: an application of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study examines the utility of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) to document behavioral changes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  MS results in widespread central nervous system lesions that have a propensity for affecting frontal and parietal brain regions. As a result, behavioral symptoms may present, including disorders of executive functioning, apathy, and disinhibition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six people with MS and 15 healthy controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological testing and completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), and measures of emotional functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Behavioral ratings for the MS group prior to illness were equivalent to those of the HC group. After illness however, a clinically and statistically significant increase was noted on two of three FrSBe scales, the apathy scale and the executive dysfunction scale. Relationships were also noted between the FrSBe family and self-report forms after illness and measures of neuropsychological performance, particularly information processing, working memory, and executive control. In contrast, physical disease progression was correlated with family ratings of behavior, but not self-ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FrSBe appears to be a sensitive measure of behavioral change in people with MS. Self-ratings and family ratings of behavioral changes are related to measures of neuropsychological performance. However, physical symptoms of MS are related only to the family ratings of behavior.
authors.affiliation: Kessler Medical Rehabilitation Research and Education Corporation, West Orange, New Jersey 07052, USA. nchiaravalloti@kmrrec.org
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Chiaravalloti
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeLuca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index