title: KIT (CD117)-positive breast cancers are infrequent and lack KIT gene mutations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  KIT (CD117) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase representing a target for STI571 (Glivec) therapy. Some KIT-overexpressing solid tumors have responded favorably to STI571, potentially because of the presence of KIT-activating mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the epidemiology of KIT overexpression and mutations, we investigated a series of 1654 breast cancers. All tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KIT expression was always present in normal breast epithelium. However, cancer analysis revealed the only 43 of 1654 (2.6%) tumors were KIT-positive. KIT expression was more frequent in medullary cancer (9 of 47 positive; 19.1%) than in any other histological tumor subtype (P < 0.001). KIT expression was significantly associated with high tumor grade (P < 0.0001) but unrelated to pT and pN categories or patient survival. Mutation analysis of exons 2, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 17 was negative in 10 KIT-positive tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our data show that a high level of KIT expression occurs infrequently in breast cancer. KIT-positive breast cancers may not reflect "KIT up-regulation" because KIT is also expressed in normal breast epithelium. The lack of KIT mutations also argues against the therapeutic efficacy of STI571 in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Soti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panussis
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Hanspeter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spichtin
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: Coya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirlacher
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rufle
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torhorst
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit