title: PCBs, hexachlorobenzene and DDE are not associated with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A case-control study was designed to evaluate any associations between high exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and the 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) and recurrent miscarriage and immunoendocrine abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 18 kinds of co-planer PCBs, HCB, DDE, natural killer cell (NK) activity, antiphospholipid antibodies, antinuclear antibody, prolactin, progesterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 were examined in 45 patients with a history of three or more (3-11) consecutive first-trimester miscarriages and 30 healthy women with no history of live birth and infertility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in mean +/- S.D. values in serum samples for PCBs, HCB and DDE between patients and controls. Hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, luteal phase defects, NK cell activity and the presence of autoantibodies were also not associated with levels of any of the compounds in the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCBs, HCB and DDE are not associated with miscarriage and immunoendocrine abnormalities in patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. og.mym@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiura-Ogasawara
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonta
authors.forename: Tsunehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzumori
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls