title: Safety of topical minoxidil solution: a one-year, prospective, observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topical minoxidil solution (TMS) is widely used for androgenetic alopecia (AGA), and this is the first report of a large safety trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety profile of TMS by comparing hospitalization and death rates among subjects using TMS with controls. Cardiovascular safety and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated, and usage patterns were described.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were followed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Usage patterns, pregnancy status, overnight hospital stays, and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Subjects rated effectiveness of TMS in the treatment of AGA. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if TMS was associated with an increased risk of death or hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMS is a safe and effective treatment for AGA. There were no increases in cardiovascular events and no apparent increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large, prospective study demonstrated the overall safety of TMS in the treatment of AGA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. shapiro@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000505:Alopecia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008914:Minoxidil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D008914:Minoxidil