title: Repeated adeno-associated virus serotype 2 aerosol-mediated cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene transfer to the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of repeated doses of aerosolized adeno-associated serotype 2 vector containing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) complementary DNA (cDNA) [tgAAVCF], an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the complete human CFTR cDNA. Secondary objectives included evaluation of pulmonary function assessed by spirometry, lung abnormalities by high-resolution CT (HRCT), airway cytokines, vector shedding, serum neutralizing antibody to AAV serotype 2 (AAV2), and gene transfer and expression in a subset of subjects undergoing bronchoscopy with bronchial brushings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight cystic fibrosis (CF) centers in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  CF patients with mild lung disease, defined as FEV(1) > or =60% predicted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to inhale three aerosolized doses of 1 x 10(13) deoxyribonuclease-resistant particles of tgAAVCF or matching placebo at 30-day intervals using the Pari LC Plus nebulizer (PARI; Richmond, VA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 42 subjects randomized, 20 subjects received at least one dose of tgAAVCF and 17 subjects received placebo. No difference in the pattern of adverse events or laboratory abnormalities was noted between the two treatment groups. Improvements in induced-sputum interleukin-8 (p = 0.03) and FEV(1) (p = 0.04) were observed at day 14 and day 30, respectively, in the group receiving tgAAVCF when compared to those receiving placebo. No significant differences in HRCT scans were noted. Vector shedding in sputum was observed at low levels up to 90 days after the third dose of vector. All subjects receiving tgAAVCF exhibited an increase (by at least fourfold) in serum AAV2-neutralizing antibodies and detectable levels in BAL fluid from five of six treated subjects undergoing BAL. Gene transfer but not gene expression was detected in a subset of six tgAAVCF subjects who underwent bronchoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeat doses of aerosolized tgAAVCF were safe and well tolerated, and resulted in encouraging trends in improvement in pulmonary function in patients with CF and mild lung disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodman
authors.forename: L Terry
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Moira L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Zeitlin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waltz
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milla
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Clancy
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamblett
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Heald
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; C505032:CFTR protein, human; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator