title: Identifiable neurons inhibited by Earth-strength magnetic stimuli in the mollusc Tritonia diomedea.
abstract: Diverse animals use the Earth's magnetic field as an orientation cue, but little is known about the sensory, processing and motor elements of the neural circuitry underlying magnetic orientation behavior. The marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea has both a magnetic compass sense and a simple nervous system accessible to electrophysiological analysis. Previous studies have revealed that four identifiable neurons, known as LPd5, RPd5, LPd6 and RPd6, respond with enhanced electrical activity to changes in Earth-strength magnetic fields. Here we report that two additional neurons, LPd7 and RPd7, are inhibited by magnetic stimuli. Cobalt fills of the Pd7 neurons indicated that two prominent neurites emerge from the soma and project to the periphery through the ipsilateral cerebral nerves CeN6 and CeN3; in some cases, a third neurite was visible in CeN2. The nerves extend to the anterior region of the animal where they innervate the lateral body walls, oral veil and mouth region. Action potentials in the Pd7 neurons propagate from the central ganglia toward the periphery. Thus, the Pd7 cells have characteristics of efferent neurons. The precise function of these cells during magnetic orientation behavior, however, remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA. johnwang@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shaun D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lohmann
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003035:Cobalt; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D012908:Snails / Q000502:physiology*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D003035:Cobalt