title: Modulation of Matrix metalloproteinase-1 in nasopharyngeal cancer cells by photoactivation of hypericin.
abstract: Singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by ultraviolet A irradiation has been reported to induce cytokine-dependent Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in dermal fibroblasts. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of hypericin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) on MMP-1 expression in two nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cell lines and an animal tumor model. MMP-1 protein and mRNA expression were evaluated by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively. Photoactivation of hypericin, a polycyclic phenanthroperylenedione, elicited an increase in MMP-1 protein and mRNA expression in well differentiated HK1 and poorly differentiated CNE-2 NPC cells in vitro. Similarly, there was up-regulation of MMP1 mRNA expression in hypericin-PDT-treated NPC/HK1-tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first time that modulation of MMP-1 expression has been demonstrated as a photodynamic effect of hypericin in NPC cells. This has clinical implications as MMP-1 is known to play an essential role in the biological process of matrix remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, S117 597, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Malini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.forename: Ratha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahendran
authors.forename: Boon-Huat
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D002474:Cell-Free System; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010569:Perylene; C004965:hypericin; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D010100:Oxygen