title: Increase in the conformational flexibility of beta 2-microglobulin upon copper binding: a possible role for copper in dialysis-related amyloidosis.
abstract: A key pathological event in dialysis-related amyloidosis is the fibril formation of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta 2-m). Because beta 2-m does not form fibrils in vitro, except under acidic conditions, predisposing factors that may drive fibril formation at physiological pH have been the focus of much attention. One factor that may be implicated is Cu(2+) binding, which destabilizes the native state of beta 2-m and thus stabilizes the amyloid precursor. To address the Cu(2+)-induced destabilization of beta 2-m at the atomic level, we studied changes in the conformational dynamics of beta 2-m upon Cu(2+) binding. Titration of beta 2-m with Cu(2+) monitored by heteronuclear NMR showed that three out of four histidines (His13, His31, and His51) are involved in the binding at pH 7.0. (1)H-(15)N heteronuclear NOE suggested increased backbone dynamics for the residues Val49 to Ser55, implying that the Cu(2+) binding at His51 increased the local dynamics of beta-strand D. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange of amide protons showed increased flexibility of the core residues upon Cu(2+) binding. Taken together, it is likely that Cu(2+) binding increases the pico- to nanosecond fluctuation of the beta-strand D on which His51 exists, which is propagated to the core of the molecule, thus promoting the global and slow fluctuations. This may contribute to the overall destabilization of the molecule, increasing the equilibrium population of the amyloidogenic intermediate.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katou
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kardos
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naiki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D041961:Deuterium Exchange Measurement; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018583:Pliability / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D011489:Protein Denaturation / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D006639:Histidine; D003300:Copper; C029892:cupric chloride