title: Evaluation of femur length during the second and third trimesters in fetuses with myelomeningocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the femur length of fetuses with myelomeningocele is shorter in the second and third trimesters compared with that of normal fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively collected measurements of femur length, head circumference, biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference from detailed obstetric ultrasound studies performed during the second and third trimesters in 31 fetuses with myelomeningocele and 43 fetuses with no detectable anomaly. The gestational age predicted by each parameter (based on Hadlock's tables) was compared with the true gestational age (based on last menstrual period), using the ANCOVA test to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of fetuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in femur length (P = 0.60) or in abdominal circumference (P = 0.85) between fetuses with myelomeningocele and normal fetuses. Fetuses with myelomeningocele did have a significantly lower biparietal diameter and head circumference (P < or = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myelomeningocele is not associated with reduced femur length in the second and third trimesters, suggesting that the known postnatal lower extremity foreshortening in patients with myelomeningocele develops late in gestation or after birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Coakley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qayyum
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Breiman
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Callen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography