title: [Viral carcinogenesis of head and neck tumors].
abstract: Approximately 15% of malignant diseases are caused by infectious agents. Human papilloma viruses (HPV) can be frequently found in oral carcinomas, especially tonsillar cancer. A group of HPV-infected tumors shows clear signs for a virally induced transformation process: high-risk HPVs can be detected in all tumor cells, the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are constantly expressed and lead to upregulation of cellular p16(INK4a), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. The patients frequently lack typical risk factors associated with head and neck cancers such as drinking and smoking. Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) are associated with lymphoproliferative disorders and cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC has a high incidence in some East Asian countries. In this review, the molecular pathogenesis of HPV- and EBV-associated malignancies are described and the clinical relevance of the presented findings is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Molekulare Pathologie, Pathologisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wentzensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Knebel Doeberitz
mesh_terms: D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000473:pathology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000473:pathology