title: Development and validation of experimental protocols for use of cardinal models for prediction of microorganism growth in food products.
abstract: An experimental protocol to validate secondary-model application to foods was suggested. Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella were observed in various food categories, such as meat, dairy, egg, or seafood products. The secondary model validated in this study was based on the gamma concept, in which the environmental factors temperature, pH, and water activity (aw) were introduced as individual terms with microbe-dependent parameters, and the effect of foodstuffs on the growth rates of these species was described with a food- and microbe-dependent parameter. This food-oriented approach was carried out by challenge testing, generally at 15 and 10 degrees C for L. monocytogenes, E. coli, B. cereus, and Salmonella and at 25 and 20 degrees C for C. perfringens. About 222 kinetics in foods were generated. The results were compared to simulations generated by existing software, such as PMP. The bias factor was also calculated. The methodology to obtain a food-dependent parameter (fitting step) and therefore to compare results given by models with new independent data (validation step) is discussed in regard to its food safety application. The proposed methods were used within the French national program of predictive microbiology, Sym'Previus, to include challenge test results in the database and to obtain predictive models designed for microbial growth in food products.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019 Lille Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinon
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwietering
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrier
authors.forename: Jeanne-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Membré
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leporq
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mettler
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thuault
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coroller
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vialette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D002417:Cattle; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology; D012984:Software; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors