title: Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: Controversial results have been obtained in studies of the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in cells of the macrophage lineage. In the present study, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), previously incubated for 2 days with heat-inactivated M. tuberculosis, were infected with HIV-1. M. tuberculosis consistently inhibited viral replication, and a similar result also was observed in the presence of supernatants from M. tuberculosis-stimulated MDMs, which indicates that this effect was mediated by soluble factors. Although CCR5-binding chemokines were induced by M. tuberculosis stimulation, the results of neutralization experiments indicated that it is unlikely that they were responsible for viral suppression. Inhibition occurred mainly after viral entry (demonstrated by use of a vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped HIV-1 and by analysis of HIV-1 early and late reverse-transcription products). Therefore, M. tuberculosis-induced factors may inhibit in vitro HIV-1 replication in macrophages by affecting an early postentry step in the HIV-1 cycle.
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Unit, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy. d.goletti@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goletti
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrara
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vincenti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: Lanfranco
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fattorini
authors.forename: Anna Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Garbuglia
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Capobianchi
authors.forename: Tonino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alonzi
authors.forename: Gian Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fimia
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coccia
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002460:Cell Line; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development*; D013997:Time Factors; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides