title: Role of peritoneal macrophages in cytomegalovirus-induced acceleration of autoimmune diabetes in BB-rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As one of the natural perturbants, infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is believed to play a role in the development of Type I diabetes. Using the DP-BB rat model for autoimmune diabetes, we here report about possible mechanisms responsible for R(at)CMV-induced accelerated onset of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were i.p. infected with 2 x 10(6) plaque forming units (pfu) RCMV and followed for diabetes development. Presence of RCMV antigens and DNA was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and PCR on pancreatic tissue and isolated islets. The effect of viral infection on peritoneal macrophages (pMphi) and diabetes development was studied by analyzing numbers of pMphi, virus permissiveness and by depletion of this subset by peritoneal lavage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RCMV accelerated onset of diabetes without infecting pancreatic islets. Immunohistochemistry and PCR on pancreas and isolated islets indicated that islets are non-permissive for RCMV. Infection results in an influx of pMphi 1 day p.i. of which approximately 0.05% showed signs of reproductive infection. Depletion of pMphi on days 1-3 p.i. completely counteracted the accelerating effect of RCMV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RCMV accelerates onset of diabetes without infecting pancreatic islets. pMphi might function as an carriage to disseminate virus to the pancreas where they enhance activation of autoreactive T cells resulting in accelerated onset of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, Immunology Section, Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan-Luuk
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hillebrands
authors.forename: Nienke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Werf
authors.forename: Flip A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Klatter
authors.forename: Cathrien A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bruggeman
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rozing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051381:Rats; D011913:Rats, Inbred BB