title: Comorbid conditions in patients with rheumatic diseases: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review summarizes recent literature (September 2002 to September 2003) on three comorbid conditions (infection, cardiovascular disease, and malignancy) in patients with rheumatic disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis is increased as a result of treatment and the disease itself. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular events are increased in rheumatoid arthritis. Although cardiovascular events also are increased in lupus, screening for cardiovascular risk factors in these patients is suboptimal. The incidence of malignancy overall and specifically the incidence of lymphoma are not increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on antitumor necrosis factor therapy compared with patients with rheumatoid arthritis in general.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rheumatologists must be aware of the risk of infection, atherosclerotic events, and cancers in their patients. As prognosis for rheumatic disease patients continues to improve, the impact of comorbid conditions on morbidity and mortality is more apparent. Further research is needed to elucidate the relative contributions of the underlying autoimmune diseases and their treatments on these conditions that affect long-term patient survival.
authors.affiliation: Departmetn of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Arthritis Institute, Pennsylvania, USA. wasko@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Mary Chester M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wasko
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*