title: An investigation into the inter-relationships of sulphur xeno-biotransformation pathways in Parkinson's and motor neurone diseases.
abstract: The role of defective 'sulphur xenobiotic' biotransformations in the aetiology of Parkinson's and motor neurone diseases has been in the literature for over a decade. Problems in the S-oxidation of aliphatic thioethers, sulphation of phenolic compounds and the S-methylation of aliphatic sulphydryl groups have all been reported. These reports have also been consistent in observing that only a 'significant minority' of patients express these problems in sulphur biotransformation pathways. However, no investigation has yet reported on the incidence of these three defective pathways in control invididuals and in patients with Parkinson's and motor neurone disease. This investigation has found that: 1. Forty percent of patients with Parkinson's and motor neurone disease have a defect in the S-oxidation of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine compared to 4% of controls. 2. 35-40% of patients with Parkinson's and motor neurone disease have a defect in the sulphation of paracetamol compared to 4% of controls. 3. 60% of patients with motor neurone disease have a high capacity for the S-methylation of 2-mercaptoethanol compared to 4% of controls. 4. 38% of patients with Parkinson's disease have a low capacity for the S-methylation of 2-mercaptoethanol compared to 4% of controls. 5. There is no correlation between the S-oxidation phenotype, low paracetamol sulphation phenotype and low or high S-methylation phenotype in controls or patients with Parkinson's or motor neurone disease. 6. The number of controls that expressed one of the aberrant phenotypes was 4% compared to 38% of the patients with Parkinson's disease and 47% of the patients with motor neurone disease. 7. The number of controls that expressed two of the aberrant phenotypes was 0% compared to 18% of the patients with Parkinson's disease and 19% of those with motor neurone disease. 8. No controls or patients with Parkinson's disease or motor neurone disease expressed all three of the aberrant phenotypes. The results indicate that the three xeno-biotransformation pathways are under separate genetic control in the three population groups studied and that patients with Parkinson's and motor neurone disease do not have a widespread defect in their sulphur xenobiochemistry capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Life Sciences, King's College London, UK. glyn.steventon@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Glyn B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Steventon
authors.forename: Rosemary H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.forename: Adrian C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001711:Biotransformation; D002233:Carbocysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D013455:Sulfur / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000082:Acetaminophen; D013455:Sulfur; D002233:Carbocysteine; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022742:thiol S-methyltransferase