title: Breast carcinoma survival in Europe and the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast carcinoma survival rates were found to be higher in the U.S. than in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple regression analysis of breast carcinoma survival rates among women diagnosed between 1990 and 1992 was performed using clinical data from population-based case series from the Surveillance, Epidemiogy, and End Results (SEER) program (13,172 women) and the European Concerted Action on survival and Care of Cancer Patients (EUROCARE) project (4478 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early-stage tumors (T1N0M0) were more frequent in the SEER data (41% of cases) than in the EUROCARE data (29%). In the SEER data, early tumors were more frequent in women age > or = 65 years (43%) than in younger women (38%), whereas the reverse was true in the European data (25% vs. 31%). In both case series, > 90% of women underwent surgery and 81-82% underwent lymphadenectomy, but the number of axillary lymph nodes evaluated was higher in the SEER data than in the EUROCARE data. The 5-year survival rate was higher in the U.S. case series (89%) than in the European series (79%). This differential was observed for each stage category evaluated: early (T1N0M0), large lymph node-negative (T2-3N0M0), lymph node-positive (T1-3N+M0), locally advanced (T4M0), and metastatic (M1) tumors. The overall relative excess risk (RER) of death was significantly higher (RER, 1.37; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25-1.50) among European women compared with U.S. women (referent group). Adjustment for stage, age, surgery, and the number of lymph nodes evaluated explained most of the excess risk (RER, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.98-1.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transatlantic differences in the 5-year survival rates for women diagnosed with breast carcinoma between 1990 and 1992 were attributable mainly to differences in stage of disease. Resources should be invested to achieve earlier diagnosis of breast carcinoma in Europe, especially for elderly women.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. milena.sant@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sant
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allemani
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: Michel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Tiiu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aareleid
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaplain
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Coebergh
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colonna
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crosignani
authors.forename: Arlette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danzon
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gafà
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grosclaude
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hédelin
authors.forename: Josette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macè-Lesech
authors.forename: Carmen Martinez
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paci
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raverdy
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tretarre
authors.forename: Evelyn M I
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States