Toxicity of Food Drug and Cosmetic Blue No. 1 dye in critically ill patients.
Food Drug and Cosmetic Blue No. 1 dye (FD&C Blue No. 1) is commonly added to enteral nutrition formulations in order to facilitate the detection of gastric aspirate in tracheal secretions of critically ill patients. However, reports of systemic blue dye absorption and associated adverse outcomes are emerging. We report two cases of abnormal systemic absorption of FD&C Blue No. 1 in critically ill patients who subsequently died of refractory shock and metabolic acidosis. Risk factors and mechanisms of FD&C Blue No. 1 toxicity are discussed, and alternate approaches to gastric aspiration detection in critically ill patients are considered.
Lucarelli
Maria R
MR
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 473 West Twelfth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, USA.
Shirk
Mary Beth
MB
Julian
Mark W
MW
Crouser
Elliott D
ED
D000368:Aged; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018570:Risk Assessment
D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005505:Food Coloring Agents