title: Pneumoconiosis in rush mat workers exposed to clay dye "sendo" dust: clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features in seven patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, chest radiographic, high-resolution CT, and histopathologic features of clay dye "sendo" dust pneumoconiosis in seven rush mat ("tatami") workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with a history of occupational exposure to sendo dust and radiographic changes suggestive of pneumoconiosis were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of exposure ranged from 15 to 45 years (median, 30 years). Three patients had cough, and four patients had abnormal pulmonary function test results. Chest radiographs showed nodular opacities < 3 mm in diameter (types p and q) in all patients. The standard International Labor Office profusion score ranged from 0/1 to 1/1 (median, 1/0). High-resolution CT demonstrated small nodular opacities (types p and q) in all seven patients. In four patients, high-resolution CT demonstrated branching centrilobular structures, airway ectasia, airway wall thickening, and emphysematous changes. None of the patients had conglomerate nodules, large opacities, honeycombing, pleural effusion, or lymphadenopathy. Microscopic examination of the specimens obtained by open lung biopsy or transbronchial lung biopsy revealed nodular fibrosis with accumulation of dust-laden macrophages, but no silicotic nodules. Needle-like particles of 1 to 20 microm in length were evident among the dust deposits, and birefringent crystals were identified under polarizing microscopy. Four of seven patients showed intra-alveolar fibroblastic foci similar to Masson bodies, accompanied by dust deposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rush mat workers' sendo dust pneumoconiosis is caused by dust containing free silica. The radiographic and high-resolution CT findings consist of small nodular opacities < 3 mm in diameter and bronchial and bronchiolar abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan. kimichan@kurume-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Nestor L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadohara
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rikimaru
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayabuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000009:adverse effects; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002617:Chemical Industry; D000077215:Clay; D004391:Dust; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D004391:Dust; D000077215:Clay