title: Long-term outcome after surgical kidney revascularization for fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  At a time of minimally invasive surgery in urology, the role of surgical kidney revascularization in the management of renal artery disease has changed during the last decade. Our experience with surgical kidney revascularization, and the long-term clinical outcomes of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis are reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 140 patients with renovascular hypertension, 72 with FMD and 68 with atherosclerotic renal artery disease, who underwent surgical revascularization between 1982 and 1999. The indications for surgical revascularization were the treatment of hypertension and the preservation of renal function in 17 patients with renal artery occlusion, 55 with ostial stenosis, 52 with branch stenosis, 6 with bilateral artery stenosis, 7 with solitary kidney renal artery stenosis and 3 with solitary kidney renal artery occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative blood pressure and renal function were monitored for 1 to 17 years (mean 11.3). Long-term blood pressure control was observed in 93% of patients with FMD and in 71% of those with atherosclerosis. Improvement or stabilization of renal function was observed in 92% of patients with FMD and in 68% of those with atherosclerosis. The preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to postoperative was significantly increased in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical kidney revascularization is effective in secondary hypertension with a high long-term efficacy in the normalization of blood pressure and in the preservation of renal function, especially in patients with a solitary or 1 functional kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Internal Medicine (TR), University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zvonimir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marekovic
authors.forename: Ivica
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mokos
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krhen
authors.forename: Nedjelka Ribicic
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Goreta
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roncevic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery; D013997:Time Factors; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures