title: [The nucleolus: structure, functions, amd associated diseases].
abstract: In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is the ribosome factory. The nucleolus is a very active large nuclear domain resulting from the equilibrium between level of ribosomal gene transcription, efficiency of rRNA processing and transport of the ribosomal subunits (40S and 60S) towards the cytoplasm. The ribosome production is regulated and is linked with cell growth and cell proliferation. The ribosome production is stopped during mitosis but the nucleolar machineries are inherited in daughter cells and the nucleolar reassembly is a very early event at the exit of mitosis. The nucleolus is also a multifunctional domain involved in nuclear architecture and specific interaction with some nuclear bodies. Finally, several human diseases appear to result from mutations of nucleolar proteins.
authors.affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod, Cnrs, Université Paris VI et Paris VII, 2, place Jussieu, 75251 Paris 05, France. dhernand@ccr.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Verdun
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Louvet
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000502:physiology; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012335:RNA, Ribosomal