title: Inactivity and inflammation: selected cytokines as biologic mediators in muscle dysfunction during critical illness.
abstract: Muscle dysfunction leads to activity intolerance, prolonged hospitalization, and additional days of mechanical ventilation. The etiology of muscle dysfunction in the critically ill patient is multifactoral. Inactivity and inflammation, common phenomena to patients in the intensive care unit, are associated with myopathy and muscle dysfunction. Cytokines are small biological active molecules that regulate inflammation and have a direct effect on muscle wasting. The purpose of this article is to describe selected cytokines (ie, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor), explain their role in muscle dysfunction, and explore the role of therapeutic activity as a moderator of muscle dysfunction and cytokine-mediated muscle damage.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. chris.winkelman@case.edu
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winkelman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001510:Bed Rest / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000451:nursing; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000451:nursing; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D007902:Length of Stay; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000451:nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10