title: N2 fixation by unicellular bacterioplankton from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans: phylogeny and in situ rates.
abstract: N2-fixing proteobacteria (alpha and gamma) and unicellular cyanobacteria are common in both the tropical North Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In near-surface waters proteobacterial nifH transcripts were present during both night and day while unicellular cyanobacterial nifH transcripts were present during the nighttime only, suggesting separation of N2 fixation and photosynthesis by unicellular cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic relationships among unicellular cyanobacteria from both oceans were determined after sequencing of a conserved region of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of cyanobacteria, and results showed that they clustered together, regardless of the ocean of origin. However, sequencing of nifH transcripts of unicellular cyanobacteria from both oceans showed that they clustered separately. This suggests that unicellular cyanobacteria from the tropical North Atlantic and subtropical North Pacific share a common ancestry (16S rDNA) and that potential unicellular N2 fixers have diverged (nifH). N2 fixation rates for unicellular bacterioplankton (including small cyanobacteria) from both oceans were determined in situ according to the acetylene reduction and 15N2 protocols. The results showed that rates of fixation by bacterioplankton can be almost as high as those of fixation by the colonial N2-fixing marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. in the tropical North Atlantic but that rates are much lower in the subtropical North Pacific.
authors.affiliation: Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000, USA. lfalcon@sfsu.edu
authors.forename: Luisa I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Falcón
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cipriano
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Capone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010802:Phylogeny; D010933:Plankton / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C029130:nitrogenase reductase