title: Mood change after anaesthesia with remifentanil or alfentanil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are anecdotal reports of dysphoria occurring in patients on the first day after anaesthesia with remifentanil. This study was performed to investigate this allegation and to find a possible relationship to postoperative shivering or to nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing otorhinolaryngeal surgery took part in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol (2 mg kg(-1) bolus injection then 100 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) and remifentanil (1 microg kg(-1) bolus then 0.1-0.5 microg kg(-1) min-1) or alfentanil (30 microg kg(-1) bolus then 0.16-0.83 microg kg((-1) min(-1)). The patients were carefully insulated and actively warmed by convective heating and rectal temperature was monitored continuously. Postoperative shivering was graded on a three-point scale, and the cumulative incidence of nausea and vomiting were registered at 24 h after surgery. Pre- and postoperative mood was measured with the von Zerssen mood scale (Befindlichkeits-Skala) and changes tested for significance. High scores reflect discontent and dysphoria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data of 98 patients (49 in each group, ASA I-II, age 42 +/- 13 yr, anaesthesia time 141 +/- 60 min; mean +/- SD; intergroup P values > 0.1) were evaluated. Core temperature did not change perioperatively (before 36.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C; after 36.8 +/- 0.3 degrees C, inter- and intragroup P > 0.1). The incidence of nausea was the same in each group; vomiting occurred with equal frequency (6/49 vs. 7/49). Shivering was significantly more frequent after remifentanil (41% vs. 10%, P < 0.001). The patients' mood remained stable after remifentanil but worsened after alfentanil (von Zerssen score from 9.3 +/- 2.5 to 13.9 +/- 3.6; mean +/- 95% confidence intervals; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative shivering was more frequent after remifentanil but was unrelated to intraoperative heat loss. Contrary to preliminary informal observations, there was no evidence that remifentanil caused postanaesthetic dysphoria on the day one after surgery.
authors.affiliation: University of Göttingen, Department of Anaesthesiology, Göttingen, Germany. tcrozie@gwdg.de
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Döbereiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil; D012768:Shivering / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D015760:Alfentanil; D000077208:Remifentanil