title: Compare two methods of measuring DNA damage induced by photogenotoxicity of fluoroquinolones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two methods of measuring DNA damage induced by photogenotoxicity of fluoroquinolones (FQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lomefloxacin (LFLX), sparfloxacin (SPFX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and levofloxacin (LELX) were tested by comet assay and photodynamic DNA strand breaking activity under the different conditions of UVA irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comet assay, photogenotoxicity was evident at SPFX 1 mg/L, LFLX 5 mg/L, and CPFX 5 mg/L, and LELX 10 mg/L. In photodynamic DNA strand-breaking activity, SPFX and LFLX induced the conversion of the supercoiled form into the nicked relaxed form at 10-50 micromol/L, while CPFX at 25 micromol/L and LELX at 50 micromol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were good correlations between the two methods to detect DNA damage induced by phototoxicity of fluoroquinolones. Photodynamic DNA strand breaking activity was a good method to detect DNA damage induced by photogenotoxicity of fluoroquinolones as well as comet assay.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Xiao-chao
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zeng-hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000633:toxicity; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000633:toxicity*; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000633:toxicity; D015363:Quinolones / Q000633:toxicity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D004247:DNA; D015242:Ofloxacin; C053091:lomefloxacin; C061363:sparfloxacin