title: Pulmonary responses to selective phosphodiesterase-5 and phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the direct pulmonary vasodilating activity and specificity of phosphodiesterase-5 (zaprinast) and phosphodiesterase-3 (milrinone) inhibitors on the pulmonary vascular (PV) bed of the spontaneously breathing cat with an intact chest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory of university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were performed in vivo in intact-chest, spontaneously breathing cats with controlled pulmonary blood flow and constant left atrial pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The responses to intralobar injections of zaprinast and milrinone were investigated at low PV tone. PV tone was then increased by intralobar arterial infusion of a thromboxane A(2) mimic, U46619. Animals received intralobar bolus injections of zaprinast or milrinone, followed by continuous IV infusion of the drug, which was administered in incremental doses titrated to produce a 20% reduction in mean systemic arterial pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At low PV tone, zaprinast, but not milrinone, decreased lobar arterial pressure (LoAP). At elevated PV tone, both drugs caused dose-dependent decreases in LoAP; however, milrinone caused significantly less pulmonary vasodilation. Dose-related decreases in mean systemic arterial pressure were observed with milrinone, but not with zaprinast. When the continuous IV infusion was titrated to produce a 20% reduction in mean systemic arterial pressure, the decreases in lobar arterial pressure with zaprinast infusion were significantly greater than those produced by milrinone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that zaprinast and milrinone exert a direct in vivo vasodilator effect on the PV bed at low (zaprinast) and elevated (zaprinast and milrinone) PV tone; however, at elevated PV tone, the pulmonary vasodilator effect was greater with zaprinast then with milrinone. This suggests that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors may potentially offer a therapeutic alternative in the management of acute pulmonary hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. matoth@cc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Idit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matot
authors.forename: Yaacov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gozal
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000494:pharmacology; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D020105:Milrinone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology; D011336:Probability; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011688:Purinones; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C011145:zaprinast; D020105:Milrinone