title: Effect of frequency of carbohydrate feedings on recovery and subsequent endurance run.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effect of feeding pattern of a high glycemic index (GI) meal during a short-term recovery on subsequent endurance capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight men ran at 70% .VO2max on a level treadmill for 90 min (T1) on two occasions, followed by 4-h recovery (R) and a further exhaustive run at the same speed (T2). During the R, subjects consumed a prescribed meal with a GI of 77 in either a "gorging" (GOR) or "nibbling" (NIB) intake pattern, providing 1.5 g carbohydrate (CHO) per kilogram body mass. In the GOR trial, the foods were consumed in a single bolus, 20 min after the end of T1. In the NIB trial, the same quantity of food was ingested in three equal portions; the first consumed 20 min after the end of T1 and the remainder at hourly intervals thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The run time during T2 was similar between trials (GOR vs NIB: 68.1 +/- 8.2 vs 66.8 +/- 8.7 min, P > 0.05). However, CHO utilization was lower and fat utilization higher during T2 in the GOR trial compared with the NIB trial (GOR vs NIB: CHO: 94.4 +/- 11.4 vs 117.6 +/- 10.6 g, P < 0.05; FAT: 55.9 +/- 8.0 vs 44 +/- 8.6 g, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that serial consumption of a high GI meal during a 4-h recovery increased the reliance on CHO oxidation for energy provision during a subsequent run when compared with a single feeding. However, there was no difference in the duration of the exhaustive run after the recovery between the GOR and NIB trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong ROC.
authors.forename: Parco M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Stephen H S
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Ching W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Pak K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium