title: Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, organochlorine pesticides, and butyltins in southern sea otters and their prey.
abstract: Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and butyltins were measured in sea otters and selected prey species (invertebrates) collected from the California (USA) coast. Polychlorinated biphenyls, DDTs (sum of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p,p'-DDE], p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane [p,p'-DDD], and p,p'-DDT), and butyltins were the major contaminants found in sea otters and their prey. Lipid-normalized concentrations of PCBs and DDT in sea otter livers were 60- and 240-fold greater than those found in the prey. Great biomagnification of PCBs and DDT in sea otters is suggested to result from their high per-capita intake of diet compared with those of other marine mammals. Profiles of PCB congeners in sea otters and prey species suggest a great capacity of sea otters to biotransform lower-chlorinated congeners. Sea otters seem to possess a greater ability than cetaceans to metabolize PCBs. The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents of non- and mono-ortho PCBs in sea otters and certain prey species were at or above the theoretical threshold for toxic effects.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA. kkannan@wadsworth.org
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Mafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jessup
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004032:Diet; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010041:Otters; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls