title: Synergistic saccharification, and direct fermentation to ethanol, of amorphous cellulose by use of an engineered yeast strain codisplaying three types of cellulolytic enzyme.
abstract: A whole-cell biocatalyst with the ability to induce synergistic and sequential cellulose-degradation reaction was constructed through codisplay of three types of cellulolytic enzyme on the cell surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When a cell surface display system based on alpha-agglutinin was used, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase II and cellobiohydrolase II and Aspergillus aculeatus beta-glucosidase 1 were simultaneously codisplayed as individual fusion proteins with the C-terminal-half region of alpha-agglutinin. Codisplay of the three enzymes on the cell surface was confirmed by observation of immunofluorescence-labeled cells with a fluorescence microscope. A yeast strain codisplaying endoglucanase II and cellobiohydrolase II showed significantly higher hydrolytic activity with amorphous cellulose (phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose) than one displaying only endoglucanase II, and its main product was cellobiose; codisplay of beta-glucosidase 1, endoglucanase II, and cellobiohydrolase II enabled the yeast strain to directly produce ethanol from the amorphous cellulose (which a yeast strain codisplaying beta-glucosidase 1 and endoglucanase II could not), with a yield of approximately 3 g per liter from 10 g per liter within 40 h. The yield (in grams of ethanol produced per gram of carbohydrate consumed) was 0.45 g/g, which corresponds to 88.5% of the theoretical yield. This indicates that simultaneous and synergistic saccharification and fermentation of amorphous cellulose to ethanol can be efficiently accomplished using a yeast strain codisplaying the three cellulolytic enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D002480:Cellulase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D043366:Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000431:Ethanol; D002482:Cellulose; C056373:endoglucanase 2; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D002480:Cellulase; D043366:Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase