[The original paradigm of dependence - historical and cultural aspects].
Repeated drunkenness became a contradiction in terms of a healthy and rational life style in the context of the Enlightenment in the 18th century. Corresponding to the self-referential understanding of man as an independent and rational being repeated drunkenness could not longer be understood as a conscious decision or a vice. The central point of the new paradigm of dependence was the installation of a special urge by a specific chronic chemical traumatization. But this original paradigm also required the acceptance of the human individual as a depth-structured being and shows influence by the Brownianism, therefore it is also an unspecific concept. This understanding corresponds with the modern anthropology, in which the human being is understood two-fold: on the one hand his consciousness and mind, on the other hand his unconsciousness, body and world around.
Schlimme
Jann
J
Abteilung Klinische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany. Schlimme.Jann@mh-hannover.de
Emrich
Hinderk M
HM
D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000266:history*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000266:history*; D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005060:Europe; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D010686:Philosophy, Medical / Q000266:history*; D012945:Social Values