Transdermal hormone replacement therapy improves vertebral bone density in primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a 1-year controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Retrospective studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy may reduce the rate of bone loss in primary biliary cirrhosis, but no controlled data are available.


METHODS
Forty-two post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis were treated with calcium and vitamin D, either alone (n = 21) or together with transdermal hormone replacement therapy (n = 21). Bone densitometry was performed at baseline and at 1 year, and serum and urinary markers of bone turnover were measured at three-monthly intervals.


RESULTS
At entry, 17 patients (40%) had spinal or femoral osteopenia (T score - 1 to - 2.5) and nine (21%) had osteoporosis (T < - 2.5). In those given hormone replacement therapy, there was a significant decrease in the mean urinary deoxypyridinoline :creatinine ratios at 3 months (7.8 vs. 6.1 nm/mm creatinine for no hormone replacement therapy vs. hormone replacement therapy; P = 0.04) and a 48% reduction in urinary calcium excretion at 1 year (0.66 vs. 0.32 mm/mm creatinine; P = 0.01). Repeat bone densitometry at 1 year revealed a 2.25% increase in the hormone replacement therapy group (P = 0.02), compared with a non-significant 0.87% decrease in L2-L4 bone mineral density in those not given hormone replacement therapy. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated, with no increase in cholestasis.


CONCLUSIONS
Compared with calcium and vitamin D alone, supplemental treatment with transdermal hormone replacement therapy for 1 year improved the vertebral bone density and urinary markers of bone turnover in post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis.
Pereira
S P
SP
Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK. stephen.pereira@ucl.ac.uk
O'Donohue
J
J
Moniz
C
C
Phillips
M G
MG
Abraha
H
H
Buxton-Thomas
M
M
Williams
R
R
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000596:Amino Acids; C036020:deoxypyridinoline