Higher carotid-radial pulse wave velocity in healthy offspring of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), a simple non-invasive measurement of muscular artery structure and function, is increased in offspring of patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with well-matched controls with no family history of diabetes. Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were also examined.


METHODS
Offspring (n = 19, M = 8) were recruited via contact with patients attending clinics. Controls (n = 19, M = 8) were recruited by advertisement. crPWV was measured using COMPLIOR. Blood pressure and heart rate were determined and fasting blood taken for measurement of metabolic and endothelial parameters.


RESULTS
Offspring and controls were well matched [mean (sd)] for age [33.1 (9.6) vs. 32.8 (9.5) years], body mass index [24.8 (4.9) vs. 24.3 (3.4) kg/m2], waist circumference [78.3 (2.3) vs. 76.3 (2.5) cm], and systolic blood pressure [120 (9.3) vs. 119 (14.2) mmHg]. crPWV was 10% higher in the offspring [9.94 (1.3) m/s] compared with controls [9.01 (1.2) m/s, P = 0.02] despite similar pulse pressure [52 (10.5) vs. 53.5 (9.3) mmHg] and resting heart rate [71 (8.7) vs. 69 (14.0) beats/min]. They also showed a trend toward higher sICAM-1 [217 (55) vs. 188 (40) ng/ml, P = 0.07] concentrations which were also strongly correlated to crPWV in offspring (r = 0.63, P = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
Vascular dysfunction in the form of increased muscular artery stiffness is present from an early stage in subjects at higher risk of developing diabetes. This may be secondary to impaired activation of endothelial signalling pathways in the context of inherited insulin resistance.
McEleavy
O D
OD
Division of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
McCallum
R W
RW
Petrie
J R
JR
Small
M
M
Connell
J M C
JM
Sattar
N
N
Cleland
S J
SJ
D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1