The lived experience of adolescent females with type 1 diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of what it means for adolescent females to live with type 1 diabetes.



Van Manen's phenomenological framework was used to guide the project of inquiry. Adolescents were recruited from a diabetes camp. A purposive sample of 10 adolescent females, aged 16 and 17 years, volunteered to participate in the study. Unstructured, one-on-one interviews were conducted and participants' accounts were transcribed and analyzed for themes.



Five themes were identified: (1) blending in with the adolescent culture, (2) standing out and being watched, (3) weighing the options and making choices, (4) being tethered to the system and to diabetes, and (5) struggling with conflicts. These adolescent females struggled with several conflicts and choices they were forced to make on a daily basis. They felt tethered to a disease that would never go away and to the healthcare system. Yet, they adopted ways to handle their disease so that it was manageable within the context of their lives. Fitting in with their peers was often more important than diabetes management.



Making visible the experience of adolescent females living with type 1 diabetes has implications for practice, education, and research in diabetes education.
Yampa Valley Medical Center, Steamboat Springs, Colorado (Dr. Dickinson)
Jane K
JK
Dickinson
Saint Anselm College, Manchester, New Hampshire (Dr. O'Reilly)
Maureen M
MM
O'Reilly
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States