Cancer: disease and nutrition are key determinants of patients' quality of life.
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate quality of life (QoL), nutritional status and dietary intake taking into account the stage of disease and therapeutic interventions, (2) to determine potential interrelationships, and (3) to quantify the relative contributions of the cancer, nutrition and treatments on QoL.


METHODS
In this prospective cross-sectional study conducted in 271 head and neck, oesophagus, stomach and colorectal cancer patients, the following aspects were evaluated: QoL (EORTC-QLQ C30), nutritional status (percent weight loss over the previous 6 months), usual diet (comprehensive diet history), current diet (24-h recall) and a range of clinical variables.


RESULTS
Usual and current intakes differed according to the site of the tumour ( P=0.02). Patients with stage III/IV disease showed a significant reduction from their usual energy/protein intake ( P=0.001), while their current intakes were lower than in patients with stage I/II disease ( P=0.0002). Weight loss was greater in patients with stage III/IV disease than in those with stage I/II disease ( P=0.001). Estimates of effect size revealed that QoL function scores were determined in 30% by cancer location, in 20% by nutritional intake, in 30% by weight loss, in 10% by chemotherapy, in 6% by surgery, in 3% by disease duration and in 1% by stage of disease. Likewise in the case of symptom scales, 41% were attributed to cancer location, 22% to stage, 7% to nutritional intake, 7% to disease duration, 4% to surgery, 1% to weight loss and 0.01% to chemotherapy. Finally for single items, 30% were determined by stage, 20% by cancer location, 9% by intake, 4% by surgery, 3% by weight loss, 3% by disease duration and 1% by chemotherapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Although cancer stage was the major determinant of patients' QoL globally, there were some diagnoses for which the impact of nutritional deterioration combined with deficiencies in nutritional intake may be more important than the stage of the disease process.
Ravasco
Paula
P
Centre of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal. p.ravasco@fm.ul.pt
Monteiro-Grillo
Isabel
I
Vidal
Pedro Marques
PM
Camilo
Maria E
ME
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss
D004044:Dietary Proteins