Three dimensional virtual reality model of the normal female pelvic floor.
The anatomy of the pelvic floor is complex and difficult to visualize from conventional two-dimensional anatomy pictures. The goal of this project was to establish the methods necessary to develop a static three-dimensional virtual reality model of the normal female pelvic floor from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. An asymptomatic nulliparous 23-year-old female with no urinary incontinence symptoms underwent a high-resolution pelvic floor MRI scan. Selected pelvic floor structures were manually segmented: bladder, urethra, vagina, uterus, cervix, levator ani, obturator externus, obturator internus, and pubic bone. With high-resolution scans, accurate segmentation of the structures was possible. The completed models were displayed on an ImmersaDesk Virtual Reality system and three clinicians verified their accuracy. Stereovision glasses were used to enhance the model while a receiver tracked head position. Three-dimensional virtual reality models of the female pelvic floor can enhance our understanding of anatomy and physiology of this complex part of the body. They can be used as tools for both research and teaching, facilitating improved treatment of pelvic floor pathologies.
Parikh
Mansi
M
Research Service, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA.
Rasmussen
Mary
M
Brubaker
Linda
L
Salomon
Caryl
C
Sakamoto
Kyoko
K
Evenhouse
Raymond
R
Ai
Zhumming
Z
Damaser
Margot S
MS
D000328:Adult; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004777:Environment; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009862:Online Systems; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014584:User-Computer Interface