[Movement rehabilitation, psychotherapy and respiratory rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].
The purpose of rehabilitation is to restore good physical, mental emotional, social condition and if at all possible efficiency at work in a patient with an obstructive pulmonary disease. The most important aspect of rehabilitation is an individual attitude to each patient. A patient with chronic disease and different degree of failure of the respiratory tract struggles with abnormal lung function i.e. with dyspnoea and general physical weakness. Obviously, a slight disturbance in the function of the respiratory system is almost imperceptible in daily activities, thus patients complain about slight fatigue that recedes after a short rest. The values of basic spirometric indexes FVC, FEV1 are within normal. Only disturbances of the function of peripheral air passages MEF50%VC, MEF25%VC indicate the onset of failure in the distribution of inspired gas and alveolar hypoventilation as well as violation of normal air flow in the peripheral bronchioles whose diameter is less than 2 mm. Anxiety and concern for health appear with increased dyspnoea while doing exercises and within years dyspnoea will accompany daily domestic routine activities. It is known that such factors as pollution of the environment, smoking tobacco, viral infections in childhood, bacterial infections of the respiratory system, prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and different degree of bronchi-pulmonary dysplasia favour the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The decrease of FEV1 more than 40 ml per year shows the increased respiratory failure. Ventilatory reserves of the respiratory system systematically diminished exceeding the predicted limit 80%. COPD is a chronic progressive disease causing irreparable obstruction of the bronchi. Then changes in the structure of the bronchial tree are seen as well as the increased tension of the smooth muscles which depend on the parasympathetic system. Does the progression of the disease indicate the lack of effective treatment? The sick patient starts doubting about the right diagnosis, medicines, rehabilitation and medical team. It is necessary to analyse and update again therapeutic treatment and rehabilitation. Movement and respiratory rehabilitation, regardless of the degree of COPD severity, has in principle five major tasks: 1. The control, alleviation, delay of pathological processes causing the increased pulmonary failure. 2. Improvement of physical condition. 3. The study of physiotherapy and coping with stress in patients with dyspnoea and progressive disease. 4. Improvement of the standard of life and prolonging lifespan. 5. The decrease of medical care expenses.
Katedry i Oddziału Klinicznego Pediatrii w Bytomiu.
Ryszard
R
Zaba
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests