[Meningitis caused by Toscana virus during a summer stay in Italy].
A 44-year-old woman suffered fever, headache and meningism during a summer stay in a region of central Italy where sand-fly fever is endemic. A few days after returning to the Netherlands, she appeared mentally and physically slow but had no fever. Because of the possibility of viral meningitis an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was carried out. This revealed a cell count of 1074/3 cells. Toscana virus antibodies of the IgG and IgM subclass were detected in two respective serum samples and in the CSF. This led to the diagnosis 'Toscana virus meningo-encephalitis'. Toscana virus is classified amongst the sandfly fever virus group. These viruses are transmitted by sand flies (Phlebotomus species) which reside in humid areas around the Mediterranean. Toscana virus is the main cause of viral meningoencephalitis in some areas of central Italy and possibly in southern Spain. The patient recovered within a few days without antiviral therapy. Toscana virus meningo-encephalitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of holidaymakers with neurological symptoms returning from the Mediterranean.
Beersma
M F
MF
Centrum voor Infectieziekten, afd. Medische Microbiologie, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden. m.f.c.beersma@lumc.nl
Grimbergen
Y A
YA
Kroon
F P
FP
Veldkamp
P J
PJ
D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007558:Italy; D008587:Meningitis, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D010217:Phlebotomus Fever / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D029301:Sandfly fever Naples virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014195:Travel
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M