Effectiveness of twenty, twenty-five diazacholesterol, avian gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and chicken riboflavin carrier protein for inhibiting reproduction in Coturnix quail.
Contraception may provide a useful nonlethal management tool when it is desirable to reduce populations of birds. We tested the efficacy of 20,25 diazacholesterol, and immunization with avian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (AGnRH-I) and chicken riboflavin carrier protein (cRCP) as contraceptives and investigated their modes of action in Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Females that were paired with males treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol produced lower percentages of eggs that were fertile and hatched. Females treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol and paired with control males laid fewer eggs, and lower percentages of their eggs were fertile and hatched. Treatment with 20,25 diazacholesterol reduced testosterone levels in males and progesterone levels in females. Nonesterified cholesterol levels were reduced, whereas desmosterol levels increased in birds treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol. Treatment with AGnRH-I and cRCP immunocontraceptive vaccines did not decrease average egg production and hatchability or hormone levels, but this failure might have been due to the vaccination protocol. If registered, wildlife managers may be able to use 20,25 diazacholesterol when other methods, such as lethal control, are undesirable for reducing damage caused by specific breeding behaviors such as the building of nests.
National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA. christi.yoder@usda.gov
C A
CA
Yoder
W F
WF
Andelt
L A
LA
Miller
J J
JJ
Johnston
M J
MJ
Goodall
D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001373:Azacosterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003370:Coturnix / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D003897:Desmosterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C019079:riboflavin-binding protein; D003897:Desmosterol; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D002784:Cholesterol; D001373:Azacosterol; D012256:Riboflavin