Molecular evolution of a plastid tandem repeat locus in an orchid lineage.
The molecular evolution of a chloroplast minisatellite locus in the Anacamptis palustris (Orchidaceae) lineage and haplotype variation in two Italian A. palustris populations were investigated. A phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast tRNA(LEU) intron, where the minisatellite locus is located, revealed that a deletion in the ancestor of the A. palustris lineage led to the formation of two noncontiguous, complementary sequence motifs. We propose a model to explain the initial formation of the minisatellite repeat motif, starting with the two noncontiguous, complementary sequence motifs. A survey of minisatellite variation in four species of the A. palustris lineage revealed several haplotypes that differed not only in repeat number, but also in repeat organization. A haplotype network suggests that three different minisatellite loci evolved independently at the same position in the tRNA(LEU) intron. A secondary structure model revealed that the A. palustris minisatellite repeat forms a stem region of the tRNA(LEU) intron, which allows its notable expansion without negatively affecting splicing. Minisatellite variation was high in the two examined A. palustris populations where 20 haplotypes were detected, whereas no length variation was detected in a neighboring poly (A) microsatellite locus. We estimated a chloroplast minisatellite mutation rate of 3.2 x 10(-3) mutations per generation. Southern blot analyses did not find evidence for chloroplast heteroplasmy. Based on the analysis of the largest known, extant A. palustris population, a stepwise mutation model (SMM) was inferred.
Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Foria 223, 1-80139 Naples, Italy. cozzolin@unina.it
Salvatore
S
Cozzolino
Donata
D
Cafasso
Giuseppe
G
Pellegrino
Aldo
A
Musacchio
Alex
A
Widmer
D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics*; D012356:RNA, Transfer, Leu; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences
D012356:RNA, Transfer, Leu