Socioeconomic status, immigration/acculturation, and ethnic variations in breast conserving surgery, San Francisco Bay area.
OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have demonstrated substantial variations in breast conserving surgery (BCS) across sociodemographic groups. This study explored the joint influences of socioeconomic, immigration/acculturation, and clinical factors on ethnic differences in breast cancer surgery for early-stage disease.


METHODS
The study used interview data for 297 women, under the age of 70, who resided in the San Francisco Bay area, and had been diagnosed with primary early-stage breast cancer (carcinoma in-situ or invasive) between January 1990 and December 1992.


RESULTS
The proportion of patients who either had undergone BCS or had no surgery was 45%, 20%, 45%, and 34%, among Whites, Chinese, Blacks, and Hispanics, respectively. The proportion of patients diagnosed at in-situ or localized stages, with tumors of less than 4 centimeters, was higher among those who received BCS or no surgery, compared to those who had undergone a mastectomy. White women who received BCS/no surgery tended to be younger than their counterparts who underwent mastectomies, but Chinese and Black women who received BCS/no surgery were older. The proportion of women diagnosed in smaller, private hospitals was higher among those receiving BCS/no surgery, although these associations varied by ethnicity. Women who had undergone BCS/no surgery were characterized as being of higher socioeconomic status, more acculturated, and less likely to be recent immigrants. In a multivariate regression model adjusting for clinical, socioeconomic, and immigration/acculturation factors, Chinese women were more likely than Whites to have a mastectomy, rather than BCS/no surgery (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-7.8).


CONCLUSIONS
Use of BCS or no surgery was associated with various clinical, socioeconomic, and immigration/acculturation characteristics, although some of the associations varied by ethnicity. However, these factors did not account for the reduced presence of BCS, or no surgery, among Chinese women.
Gomez
Scarlett L
SL
Northern California Cancer Center, Union City, CA 94587, USA. slin@nccc.org
France
Anne-Marie
AM
Lee
Marion M
MM
D000069:Acculturation; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D015409:Mastectomy, Radical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D012042:Registries; D012495:San Francisco; D012923:Social Class