Using technology to improve longitudinal studies: self-reporting with ChronoRecord in bipolar disorder.
OBJECTIVE
Longitudinal studies are an optimal approach to investigating the highly variable course and outcome associated with bipolar disorder, but are expensive and often have missing data. This study validates patient self-reported mood ratings using a home computer-based system (ChronoRecord) with clinician mood ratings on the Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD) and Young Mania Rating scale (YMRS), and investigates the patient acceptance of the technology.


METHODS
After brief training, outpatients with bipolar disorder were given the software version of an established paper based self-reporting form (ChronoSheet) to install on a home computer. Every day for 3 months, patients entered mood, medications, sleep, life events, and menstrual data. Weight was entered weekly.


RESULTS
Eighty of 96 (83%) patients returned 8662 days of data. The mean days of data returned was 114.7 +/- 32.3 SD The mean percentage of days missing for mood data was 6.1% +/- 9.3 SD, equivalent to missing 7.3 day of the 114.7 days. Self-reported ratings were strongly correlated with clinician HAMD ratings (-0.683, p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates concurrent validity between ChronoRecord and HAMD. Patients with bipolar disorder showed high acceptance of a computer-based system for self-reporting of daily data. Automation of data collection can reduce missing data and eliminate errors associated with data entry. This technology also enables on-going feedback for both patient and researcher during a long-term study.
Bauer
Michael
M
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany. michael.bauer@charite.de
Grof
Paul
P
Gyulai
Laszlo
L
Rasgon
Natalie
N
Glenn
Tasha
T
Whybrow
Peter C
PC
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001835:Body Weight; D003027:Cluster Headache; D003201:Computers; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012890:Sleep; D012984:Software
D000928:Antidepressive Agents