Oral etodolac, a COX-2 inhibitor, reduces postoperative pain immediately after fast-track cardiac surgery.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, etodolac, on postoperative pain after fast-track cardiac surgery, and to examine the changes in plasma etodolac concentration after oral administration.


METHODS
Thirty patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were randomly assigned preoperatively in a double-blind fashion to receive either vehicle ( n = 15) or etodolac 400 mg ( n = 15) via a gastric tube at the end of the surgery. Standardized fast-track cardiac anesthesia was used. In both groups, postoperative pain was treated with buprenorphine suppository. Visual analogue pain scores (VASs) were recorded immediately after extubation and at 24 h after surgery. Plasma etodolac concentration was measured at 1, 2, and 6 h after administration ( n = 8).


RESULTS
No difference was detected in time to extubation between the etodolac group (209 +/- 85 min, mean +/- SD) and the vehicle group (207 +/- 98 min). VASs were significantly lower in the etodolac (2.3 +/- 2.1) vs the vehicle group (5.8 +/- 2.0) immediately after extubation ( P = 0.009), but no difference was detected in pain scores at 24 h after surgery, or in the amount of buprenorphine administered in the intensive care unit (ICU), or in the incidence of side effects. Plasma etodolac concentration was within the pharmaceutically recommended range at 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h after administration.


CONCLUSIONS
The oral use of etodolac with rectal buprenorphine reduces pain scores immediately after cardiac surgery without an increase in side effects.
Koizuka
Shiro
S
Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan.
Saito
Shigeru
S
Obata
Hideaki
H
Sasaki
Masayuki
M
Nishikawa
Koichi
K
Takahashi
Kenichiro
K
Saito
Yuji
Y
Goto
Fumio
F
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017308:Etodolac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013488:Suppositories
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D013488:Suppositories; D017308:Etodolac; D002047:Buprenorphine