Metabolite-sensitive holographic biosensors.
A new type of biosensor that combines the inexpensiveness and mass-produceability of reflection holograms with the selectivity and specificity of enzymes is described. pH-sensitive holographic sensors were fabricated from ionizable monomers incorporated into thin, polymeric, hydrogel films which were transformed into volume holograms using a diffusion method coupled with holographic recording, using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm). These holograms were used as transducer systems to monitor the pH changes associated with specific enzymatic reactions to construct prototype urea- and penicillin-sensitive biosensors. The diffraction wavelength (color) of the holographic biosensors was used to characterize their shrinkage and swelling behavior as a function of analyte concentration. The potential of these sensors for the measurement of the clinically and industrially important metabolites urea and penicillin G is demonstrated.
Marshall
Alexander J
AJ
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK.
Young
Duncan S
DS
Blyth
Jeff
J
Kabilan
Satyamoorthy
S
Lowe
Christopher R
CR
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006696:Holography; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000032:analysis; D010405:Penicillinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D014510:Urease / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D014508:Urea; D014510:Urease; D010405:Penicillinase; D010400:Penicillin G