Schizophrenia and narcolepsy: a review with a case report.
Several reports emphasize the importance of differentiating between psychosis in schizophrenia and the psychotic form of narcolepsy. The failure to identify narcolepsy leads to the labeling of patients as refractory to standard treatments for schizophrenia and retards consideration of intervention for narcolepsy in which psychosis can improve with psychostimulant treatment. Psychosis in patients with narcolepsy can occur in three ways: (i) as the psychotic form of narcolepsy with hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations; (ii) as a result of psychostimulant use in a patient with narcolepsy; and (iii) as the concurrent psychosis of schizophrenia in a patient with narcolepsy. The present case report describes a difficult-to-treat patient who likely had concurrent schizophrenia and narcolepsy. It then summarizes the literature related to the treatment of the three types of patients with psychosis associated with narcolepsy.
Kishi
Yasuhiro
Y
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA. kishi001@umn.edu
Konishi
Shunichiro
S
Koizumi
Sachiko
S
Kudo
Yoshihisa
Y
Kurosawa
Hisashi
H
Kathol
Roger G
RG
D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002385:Cataplexy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate