[Antibiotics-resistance pattern and genetic type of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Hangzhou].
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antibiotics-resistance type and molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Hangzhou.


METHODS
The sensitivities of 323 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to 9 antibiotics were determined in vitro by Kirby-Bauer diffuse methods, and MICs of penicillin and cefotaxime were determined by E-test methods.


RESULTS
Among all 323 strains isolated from children during the period from August 2001 to July 2002, 136 strains (42.1%) were sensitive to penicillin, while 57 strains (17.7%) were penicillin-resistant. Penicillin MICs ranged from 0.012 microg/ml to 4.0 microg/ml. All the strains were sensitive to cefotaxime and its MICs ranged from 0.012 microg/ml to 4.0 microg/ml. The most resistant antibiotic was erythromycin and it's resistant-rate was as high as 90.7%, followed by tetracycline (87.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (48.6%) and chloromycetin (14.9%). Totally 197 strains (61.0%) were multi-drug-resistant pneumococci and most of them were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin and tetracycline at the same time. Two strains (0.6%) were resistant to rifampin and none was resistant to vancomycin and ofloxacin. BOX PCR typing was carried out and no overwhelming fingerprinting pattern was found among penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains which were isolated from patients, while the banding patterns were always similar or identical among the strains isolated from the same specimen or from the same patient at different time, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The antibiotics-resistant rate of pneumococci was high in Hangzhou, but the third-generation cephalosporins were still the best antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae. One child could be infected or colonized by more than one pneumococci clone at the same or different time.
Hua
Chun-zhen
CZ
Department of Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
Shang
Shi-qiang
SQ
Sun
Xiao-feng
XF
Li
Jian-ping
JP
Chen
Zhi-min
ZM
Yu
Xi-lin
XL
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D004917:Erythromycin; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D015242:Ofloxacin; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013752:Tetracycline; D002439:Cefotaxime; D012293:Rifampin