Neuropathic bladder and intermittent catheterization: social and psychological impact on families.
Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is the mainstay of management in neuropathic vesicourethral dysfunction, both to improve continence and, more importantly, to preserve renal function. We looked at the effects of this procedure on children, adolescents, and their families. In particular, we wished to see if there were any differences between those who successfully catheterized and those who did not. Forty families were enrolled into the study. Ages of children and adolescents (23 females, 17 males) ranged from 1 to 20 years. Most participants (n=31) had spina bifida. Other causes of bladder dysfunction included transverse myelitis, spinal cord injury, and spinal neuroblastoma. Parents were assessed using the Effects of Handicap on Parents semi-structured interview, the Socioemotional Functioning Interview, and a semi-structured interview, specifically designed for the study, which looked at family characteristics and experience related to diagnosis and catheterization. In addition, the Rutter Parental 'A' Scale Questionnaire was used to screen for emotional and behavioural disorders in the child. Results showed that CIC by carer or self-catheterization itself did not cause major emotional and behavioural problems but the bladder problem may act as a focus that puts considerable strain family relationships. Although most parents disliked CIC they complied with the suggested management. It is important that all those involved understand the aims of management and success can be achieved by combined input from medical, psychological, and specialist nursing staff. The problem is lifelong and continued support from a multidisciplinary team is essential.
United Medical and Dental Schools, Guy's, Kings, and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
Malgorzata
M
Borzyskowski
Antony
A
Cox
Melinda
M
Edwards
Amanda
A
Owen
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012803:Sick Role; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000523:psychology*