Putranjivain A from Euphorbia jolkini inhibits both virus entry and late stage replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the in vitro antiviral properties of putranjivain A, isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia jolkini Bioss (Euphorbiaceae).


RESULTS
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 strain 196-infected Vero cells were used. It was shown that putranjivain A exhibited antiviral activity with an IC50 of 7.9 +/- 1.2 micro M using the XTT assay, with the IC50 value increasing with increasing multiplicity of infection. Using the plaque reduction assay, the IC50 and IC90 were 6.3 +/- 0.8 and 14.5 +/- 3.1 micro M, respectively. Putranjivain A showed no cytotoxic effect on cell multiplication at concentrations that achieved antiviral activity. The 50% cell cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 80.3 +/- 14.7 microM, and the selectivity index (SI) (ratio of CC50 to IC50) for the XTT and plaque reduction assays was 10.2 and 12.7, respectively. When tested for virucidal activity, putranjivain A significantly reduced viral infectivity at concentrations of 75 and 100 micro M, but not at 50 microM or below. The results of the time-of-addition studies suggested that putranjivain A affected the late stage of HSV-2 replication at 25 microM. Interestingly, putranjivain A also showed inhibition of viral attachment and cell penetration. The combination of putranjivain A and aciclovir produced no interaction.


CONCLUSIONS
Putranjivain A possesses antiviral activity, inhibiting viral attachment and penetration, and also interfering with the late stage of viral replication.
Cheng
Hua-Yew
HY
Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.
Lin
Ta-Chen
TC
Yang
Chien-Min
CM
Wang
Kuo-Chih
KC
Lin
Liang-Tzung
LT
Lin
Chun-Ching
CC
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D028481:Euphorbia; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018514:Plant Structures; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C479122:putranjivain A; D005707:Gallic Acid