Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of physostigmine-loaded poly(ortho ester) and poly(ortho ester)/poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) blend microspheres fabricated by spray drying.
The physostigmine-loaded poly(ortho ester) (POE), poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and POE/PLGA blend microspheres were fabricated by a spray drying technique. The in vitro degradation of, and physostigmine release from, the microspheres were investigated. SEM analysis showed that the POE and POE/PLGA blend particles were spherical. They were better dispersed when compared to the pure PLGA microspheres. Two glass transition temperature ( Tg ) values of the POE/PLGA blend microspheres were observed due to the phase separation of POE and PLGA in the blend system. XPS analysis proved that POE dominated the surfaces of POE/PLGA blend microspheres, indicating that the blend microspheres were coated with POE. The encapsulation efficiencies of all the microspheres were more than 95%. The incorporation of physostigmine reduced the Tg value of microspheres. The Tg value of the degrading microspheres increased with the release of physostigmine. For instance, POE blank microspheres and physostigmine-loaded POE microspheres had a Tg value of 67 degrees C and 48 degrees C, respectively. After 19 days in vitro incubation, Tg of the degrading POE microspheres increased to 55 degrees C. Weight loss studies showed that the degradation of the blend microspheres was accelerated with the presence of PLGA because its degradation products catalyzed the degradation of both POE and PLGA. The release rate of physostigmine increased with increase of PLGA content in the blend microspheres. The initial burst release of physostigmine was effectively suppressed by introducing POE to the blend microspheres. However, there was an optimized weight ratio of POE to PLGA (85:15 in weight), below which a high initial burst was induced. The POE/PLGA blend microspheres may make a good drug delivery system.
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, No. 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore.
Ling
L
Wang
Cheng-Shu
CS
Chaw
Yi-Yan
YY
Yang
Shabbir M
SM
Moochhala
Bin
B
Zhao
Steve
S
Ng
Jorge
J
Heller
D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008420:Manufactured Materials / Q000032:analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004343:Drug Implants; D011108:Polymers; C401107:poly(ortho ester); D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010830:Physostigmine