Cognitive-behavioural therapy in first-episode and early schizophrenia. 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The initial phase of a trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for acutely ill patients with schizophrenia of recent onset showed that it speeded recovery.


OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that CBT in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) during the first or second acute episode of schizophrenia will confer clinical benefit over a follow-up period.


METHODS
This was an 18-month follow-up of a multicentre prospective trial of CBT or supportive counselling administered as an adjunct to TAU, compared with TAU alone, for patients hospitalised for an acute episode of schizophrenia of recent onset. Primary outcomes were total and positive symptom scales, time to relapse and re-hospitalisation.


RESULTS
There were significant advantages for CBT and supportive counselling over TAU alone on symptom measures at 18 months but no group difference was seen for relapse or re-hospitalisation. There was a significant centre-treatment interaction, reflecting centre differences in the effect of introducing either treatment, but not in the comparison of CBT and supportive counselling. Medication dosage and compliance did not explain group differences.


CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive psychological treatments can have a beneficial long-term effect on symptom reduction.
School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. tarrier@man.ac.uk
Nicholas
N
Tarrier
Shôn
S
Lewis
Gillian
G
Haddock
Richard
R
Bentall
Richard
R
Drake
Peter
P
Kinderman
David
D
Kingdon
Ronald
R
Siddle
Julie
J
Everitt
Karen
K
Leadley
Andy
A
Benn
Katy
K
Grazebrook
Cliff
C
Haley
Shahid
S
Akhtar
Linda
L
Davies
Steve
S
Palmer
Graham
G
Dunn
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010359:Patient Readmission; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012008:Recurrence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents