Immunoregulatory T cells in autoimmunity.
The aim of this work was to discuss the current knowledge concerning regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. CD4(+) T cells that constitutively express CD25 exhibit powerful suppressive properties. Such cells have been denominated regulatory T cells (T(R)). Alterations in T(R) cells are known to cause organ-specific autoimmune disease in animal models. These cells are anergic when stimulated via their TCR but proliferate when co-stimulated with IL-2. A particular characteristic is that CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells inhibit the proliferative responses of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells by suppressing the capacity of the responders to transcribe IL-2. The survival and/or expansion of this regulatory subset in the periphery appears to need the availability of IL-2, the components of the IL-2R, as well as cell surface costimulatory molecules. Cytokine participation has been shown in many of the in vivo models of autoimmunity where regulatory cells participate, providing evidence in favour of a role for IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta and IL-4. The behavior and possible participation of regulatory T cells in human disease is still a poorly explored topic but their pathogenic role is warranted.
Crispin
Jose C
JC
Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México 14000, Tlalpan D. F. Mexico City, Mexico.
Vargas
Maria Ines
MI
Alcocer-Varela
Jorge
J
D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology
D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2