Anti-inflammatory compounds of plant origin. Part II. modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules.
It has been widely shown that many plant-derived compounds present significant anti-inflammatory effects. For this reason, they represent potential molecules for the development of new drugs, especially designed for the treatment and/or control of chronic inflammatory states such as rheumatism, asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases, atherosclerosis, etc. This review focuses on the naturally-occurring compounds with anti-inflammatory properties and attempts to correlate their actions with the modulation of cytokines and associated intracellular signalling pathways; it continues the review published in the November, 2003 issue of Planta Medica. Abbreviations. AP-1:activator protein-1 CCR1:chemokine receptor 1 CINC-1:cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 COX:cyclooxygenase EGCG:(-)-epigallocatechin gallate ELAM-1:endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 ERK:extracellular signal-regulated kinase GRO:growth-related oncogene HUVEC:human umbilical vein endothelial cells ICAM-1:intercellular adhesion molecule-1 IFN:interferon IL:interleukin iNOS:inducible nitric oxide synthase IRA:the natural interleukin receptor activation JAK:janus kinase JNK:c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase LPS:lipopolysaccharide MAPK:mitogen-activated protein kinases MCP:monocyte chemotactic protein MHC:major histocompatibility complex MIP:macrophage inflammatory protein MMP:matrix metalloproteinases MPO:myeloperoxidase NF-kappaBnuclear factor kappa B NO:nitric oxide PAF:platelet aggregation factor PGEE:prostaglandin PK:protein kinase PMA/TPA:phorbol myristate acetate RANTES:regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted TGF-beta:transforming growth factor-beta TNFalpha:tumour necrosis factor VCAM-1:vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
Calixto
João B
JB
Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. calixto@farmaco.ufs.br
Campos
Maria M
MM
Otuki
Michel F
MF
Santos
Adair R
AR
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines