Nicotine and angiogenesis: a new paradigm for tobacco-related diseases.
The pathophysiology of tobacco-related diseases is complex and multifactorial. Among the approximately 4,000 compounds in tobacco smoke are carcinogens such as nitrosamines, irritants such as a variety of phenolic compounds, volatiles such as carbon monoxide, and of course nicotine. Nicotine itself has quite complex actions, mediated in part by nicotinic cholinergic receptors that may have extraneuronal, as well as neuronal distribution. This review discusses the mechanisms by which nicotine contributes to tobacco-related disease, with a focus on the surprising new finding that nicotine is a potent angiogenic agent. Nicotine hijacks an endogenous nicotinic cholinergic pathway present in endothelial cells that is involved in physiological, as well as pathological angiogenesis.
Cooke
John P
JP
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. john.cooke@stanford.edu
Bitterman
Haim
H
D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
D002273:Carcinogens; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D009538:Nicotine