Role of interleukin-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the neuropathogenesis of X4 simian human immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques.
Recent studies on the coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia have shown that both X4 and R5 viruses are involved in the process. The disease is associated with enhanced virus replication and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 production in macrophages in the brain. Using the macaque model of the disease, the authors show here that X4, macrophage-tropic simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) required the enhancing effect of interleukin (IL)-4 to achieve equivalent concentrations of virus and MCP-1 that are produced in macrophages infected with R5 viruses alone. Confocal microscopy showed that macrophages in the encephalitic brains were the major producers of MCP-1. The authors surmise, therefore, that whereas R5 viruses maybe capable of causing the disease as a primary pathogen, X4 viruses may require IL-4, induced by opportunistic pathogens, for induction of the neuropathological syndrome.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Marion Merrell Dow Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA. sbuch@kumc.edu
Shilpa
S
Buch
Yongjun
Y
Sui
Raghava
R
Potula
David
D
Pinson
Istvan
I
Adany
Zhuang
Z
Li
Minzhao
M
Huang
Shanping
S
Li
Navneet
N
Dhillon
Eugene
E
Major
Opendra
O
Narayan
D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008251:Macaca; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000254:growth & development*; D014779:Virus Replication
D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015847:Interleukin-4