Crustacean motor pattern generator networks.
Crustacean motor pattern-generating networks have played central roles in understanding the cellular and network bases of rhythmic motor patterns for over half a century. We review here the four best investigated of these systems: the stomatogastric, ventilatory, cardiac, and swimmeret systems. Generally applicable observations arising from this work include (1) neurons with active, endogenous cell properties (endogenous bursting, postinhibitory rebound, plateau potentials), (2) nonhierarchical (distributed) network synaptic connectivity patterns characterized by high levels of inter-neuronal connections, (3) nonspiking neurons and graded transmitter release, (4) multiple modulatory inputs, (5) networks that produce multiple patterns and have flexible boundaries, and (6) peripheral properties (proprioceptive feedback loops, low-frequency muscle filtering) playing an important role in motor pattern generation or expression.
Hooper
Scott L
SL
Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA. hooper@ohio.edu
DiCaprio
Ralph A
RA
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003445:Crustacea / Q000502:physiology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000166:cytology; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005880:Gills / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010507:Periodicity; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology