Is erectile dysfunction predictive of peripheral vascular disease?
The association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) among men was examined in the Integrated Healthcare Information Services National Managed Care Benchmark Database (IHCIS). The IHCIS is a fully de-identified, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant database and includes complete medical histories for more than 17 million managed-care lives; data from more than 30 US health plans, covering seven census regions; and patient demographics, including morbidity, age and gender. A total of 12 825 ED patients and an equal number of male patients without ED were included in the retrospective cohort study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the adjusted risk of PVD that accounted for age at ED diagnosis, smoking, obesity and medications including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta blockers and statins. The cohort of men with ED were observed to have a 75% increase in risk for PVD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06, 2.90) after adjusting for age at ED diagnosis, smoking, obesity and use of ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and statins. Some evidence of a possible trend towards increased risk was detected by age group. After controlling for the aforementioned covariates and compared to men aged 30-39 years, it was noted that patients aged 40-44 years were 2.1 times more likely to develop PVD (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 0.89, 4.81), 45-49-year-old men were also more than twice as likely to have PVD (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.03, 5.22), and 50-55-year-old patients had a three-fold increased risk of developing PVD (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.40, 6.43). The results of this study indicate that ED may serve as a marker for PVD. The risk becomes more pronounced with increasing age, indicating the need for cardiologists and internists to monitor ED patients who may not necessarily present with cardiovascular symptoms.
Blumentals
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WA
Worldwide Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, North Carolina, USA.
Gomez-Caminero
A
A
Joo
S
S
Vannappagari
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V
D000328:Adult; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology