Beta-chemokine function in experimental lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.
BACKGROUND
Although chemokines are functionally important in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, little is known about their role in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI). This study examined the role of the beta-chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and regulated upon activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) in LIRI.


METHODS
Left lungs of Long-Evans rats underwent normothermic ischemia for 90 minutes and reperfusion for up to 4 hours. Treated animals received anti-MIP-1alpha, anti-MCP-1, or anti-RANTES antibodies before reperfusion. Changes in lung vascular permeability were measured with iodine 125-labeled bovine serum albumin. Neutrophil accumulation in the lung parenchyma was determined by myeloperoxidase activity, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to measure leukocyte cell counts. Western blots, Northern blots, and ribonuclease protection assays assessed beta-chemokine messenger RNA and protein levels.


RESULTS
Animals receiving anti-MIP-1alpha demonstrated reduced vascular permeability compared with controls (p < 0.001). Attenuation of permeability was less dramatic in animals treated with anti-MCP-1 and anti-RANTES antibody, which demonstrated permeability decreases of 15% and 16%, respectively (p < 0.02). Lung neutrophil accumulation was reduced in animals receiving anti-MIP-1alpha antibody (p < 0.005) but was unchanged in animals receiving either anti-MCP-1 or anti-RANTES. Bronchoalveolar lavage leukocyte content was also reduced by treatment with anti-MIP-1alpha (p < 0.003) and was unchanged in anti-MCP-1-treated and anti-RANTES-treated animals. MIP-1alpha treatment decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA in injured left lungs.


CONCLUSIONS
MIP-1alpha is functionally significant in the development of LIRI. It likely exerts its effects in part by mediating the expression of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and influencing tissue neutrophil recruitment. MCP-1 and RANTES seem to play relatively minor roles in the development of direct LIRI.
Krishnadasan
Baiya
B
Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Farivar
Alexander S
AS
Naidu
Babu V
BV
Woolley
Steven M
SM
Byrne
Karen
K
Fraga
Charles H
CH
Mulligan
Michael S
MS
D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000502:physiology; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000502:physiology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000502:physiology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology*
D000906:Antibodies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012313:RNA; D009195:Peroxidase