The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene regulates weight from birth to adulthood.
OBJECTIVE
The Pro12Ala polymorphism in exon B of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) gene has been related to obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes. In this study, the effect of the Pro12Ala polymorphism on long-term changes in weight and body composition was investigated.


METHODS
The Pro12Ala polymorphism was genotyped in 311 subjects who participated in our previous population-based study. In that study, weight at birth, 7 years, 20 years, and 41 years, and ponderal index at birth and BMI and waist circumference at 41 years were recorded.


RESULTS
The Ala12 allele of the PPAR gamma 2 gene was associated with high ponderal index at birth (2.77 +/- 0.27 kg/m(3) in subjects with the Ala12Ala genotype, 2.79 +/- 0.29 kg/m(3) in subjects with the Pro12Ala genotype, and 2.63 +/- 0.25 kg/m(3) in subjects with the Pro12Pro genotype, p = 0.007, adjusted for gender) and weight at 7 years (p = 0.045) and tended to be associated with high birth weight (p = 0.094). Subjects with this allele gained less weight between 7 and 20 years (p = 0.043) and more weight between 20 and 41 years (p = 0.001) and ended up having higher waist circumference (p = 0.040) in adulthood than did subjects with the Pro12Pro genotype.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene regulates weight and body composition from utero to adulthood.
Pihlajamäki
Jussi
J
Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. pihlajam@uku.fi
Vanhala
Mauno
M
Vanhala
Pasi
P
Laakso
Markku
M
D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001724:Birth Weight; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors