Inflammatory responses in mice sequentially exposed to JP-8 jet fuel and influenza virus.
To examine the hypothesis that Jet Propulsion Fuel (JP-8) inhalation potentiates influenza virus-induced inflammatory responses, we randomly divided female C57BL/6 mice (4-weeks old, weighing approximately 24.6g) into the following groups: air control, JP-8 alone (1023 mg/m(3) of JP-8 for 1h/day for 7 days), A/Hong Kong/8/68 influenza virus (HKV) alone (a 10 microl aliquot of 2000 viral titer in the nasal passages), and a combination of JP-8 with HKV (JP-8 + HKV). The HKV alone group exhibited significantly increased total cell number/granulocyte differential in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared to controls whereas the JP-8 alone group did not. The JP-8 + HKV group further exacerbated the HKV alone-induced response. However, increases in pulmonary microvascular permeability and pathological alterations in JP-8 + HKV just matched the sum of JP-8 alone- and HKV alone-induced response. Increases in BALF substance P in the JP-8 alone group and BALF leukotriene B4 or total lung compliance in the HKV alone group, respectively were similar to the changes in the JP-8 + HKV group. These findings suggest that changes in the JP-8 + HKV group may be attributed to either JP-8 inhalation or HKV treatment and indicate the different physiological responses to either JP-8 or HKV exposure. Taken together, most of the data did not provide supporting evidence that JP-8 inhalation synergizes influenza virus-induced inflammatory responses.
Department of Pediatrics, Arizona Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Room 3354, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Simon S
SS
Wong
Juanita
J
Hyde
Nina N
NN
Sun
R Clark
RC
Lantz
Mark L
ML
Witten
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D010539:Permeability; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis
D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D013373:Substance P