Use of implantable venous access devices in children with severe hemophilia: benefits and burden.
OBJECTIVE
Since venous access in small children can be difficult to obtain, implantable venous access devices (IVAD) are used to administer clotting factor in such patients with severe hemophilia. The aim of our study was to evaluate how many children in our center needed an IVAD in order to be able to start early prophylaxis, what the differences were between children who needed an IVAD and those who did not and what the complications of the IVAD were.


METHODS
All 70 patients with severe hemophilia born between January 1987 and October 2000 treated at our center before they were 6 years old were studied.


RESULTS
An IVAD was placed in 23 children (33%). Children with an IVAD started prophylactic treatment at a mean age of 2 years (SD 1.3), those without at a mean age of 3.6 years (SD 1.6) (p< 0.001). Home treatment was feasible at a mean age of 2.8 years (SD 1.3) in children with an IVAD and at 4.5 years in those without an IVAD (SD 1.8) (p = 0.001). Infection was the most frequent complication; the mean number of infections per IVAD was 0.61. Thrombosis was more common than initially thought (15%). The infection rate in children with inhibitory antibodies was 3.1 per 1000 patient-days; in children without an inhibitor it was 0.72 per 1000 patient-days.


CONCLUSIONS
In 33% of the children in our cohort an IVAD was needed in order to start early prophylaxis. IVAD are needed more frequently when prophylaxis is started at an early age, but have the advantage that home treatment is feasible earlier. Infection is the most common complication, particularly in children with inhibitors.
Van Dijk
Karin
K
Van Creveldkliniek, Dutch National Hemophilia Treatment Centre, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Van Der Bom
Johanna G
JG
Bax
Klaas N M A
KN
Van Der Zee
David C
DC
Van Den Berg
Marijke H
MH
D000367:Age Factors; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020878:Device Removal; D005164:Factor IX / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006701:Home Nursing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
D007518:Isoantibodies; D005169:Factor VIII; D005164:Factor IX