Bridging the divide: a survey of nurses' opinions regarding barriers to, and facilitators of, research utilization in the practice setting.
BACKGROUND
Many researchers have explored the barriers to research uptake in order to overcome them and identify strategies to facilitate research utilization. However, the research-practice gap remains a persistent issue for the nursing profession.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of perceived influences on nurses' utilization of research, and explore what differences or commonalities exist between the findings of this research and those of studies that have been conducted in various countries during the past 10 years.


METHODS
Nurses were surveyed to elicit their opinions regarding barriers to, and facilitators of, research utilization. The instrument comprised a 29-item validated questionnaire, titled Barriers to Research Utilisation Scale (BARRIERS Scale), an eight-item scale of facilitators, provision for respondents to record additional barriers and/or facilitators and a series of demographic questions.


METHODS
The questionnaire was administered in 2001 to all nurses (n=761) working at a major teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia. A 45% response rate was achieved.


RESULTS
Greatest barriers to research utilization reported included time constraints, lack of awareness of available research literature, insufficient authority to change practice, inadequate skills in critical appraisal and lack of support for implementation of research findings. Greatest facilitators to research utilization reported included availability of more time to review and implement research findings, availability of more relevant research and colleague support.


CONCLUSIONS
One of the most striking features of the findings of the present study is that perceptions of Australian nurses are remarkably consistent with reported perceptions of nurses in the US, UK and Northern Ireland during the past decade.


CONCLUSIONS
If the use of research evidence in practice results in better outcomes for our patients, this behoves us, as a profession, to address issues surrounding support for implementation of research findings, authority to change practice, time constraints and ability to critically appraise research with conviction and a sense of urgency.
Hutchinson
Alison Margaret
AM
Victorian Centre for Nursing Practice Research, School of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Australia. alihutchinson@bigpond.com
Johnston
Linda
L
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003144:Communication Barriers; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015399:Nursing Research; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires