Analogies between Drosophila and mammalian TRAF pathways.
A central event in innate immunity is the activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and up-regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent defense genes. Attack of mammals as well as of insects by microorganisms leads, among other things, to the activation of receptors of the Toll-like receptor group. Various adaptor proteins involving members of the TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family channel these receptor-generated signals to conserved intracellular kinase cascades that finally lead to the activation of NF-kappaB and JNK. In vertebrates, TRAF proteins link these pathways also to IL-1R-related molecules and members of the TNF receptor superfamily, which orchestrate a variety of immunoregulatory processes of the innate but also of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we will focus on the similarities but also the differences in TRAF-dependent signaling pathways of mammals and insects.
Department of Molecular Internal Medicine, Medical Polyclinic, University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000276:immunology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008322:Mammals / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C495341:tehao protein, Drosophila