Metabolic control in adolescent girls: links to relationality and the female sense of self.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated whether intimacy and autonomy in mother-daughter interactions and relational aspects of the self are associated with metabolic control in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 88 girls with diabetes (mean age 14.9 +/- 2.2 years, diabetes duration 7.1 +/- 3.9 years, and HbA1c 8.9 +/- 1.6%) from the Diabetes Clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto and their mothers. Teens completed a self-report measure assessing self-concept in eight domain-specific areas. Mothers and daughters engaged in a 7-min, videotaped, problem-solving task involving a diabetes-related conflict issue. Interactions were rated using a macroanalytic rating system to assess intimacy and autonomy in parent-teen relationships. Metabolic control was measured using HbA1c.


RESULTS
Self-concept in domains of perceived behavioral conduct (P=0.003), social acceptance (P=0.03), romantic appeal (P=0.03), and close friendships (P=0.04) independently predicted HbA1c levels, together accounting for 30% of the variance. Also, the experience of emotional closeness (i.e., intimacy) rather than separateness (i.e., autonomy) in mother-daughter relationships was associated with lower HbA1c (P=0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Relational aspects of the self and the experience of emotional closeness in relationships are associated with metabolic control in adolescent girls. Efforts to improve metabolic control in girls should include enhancing the self-concept and the experience of relatedness in familial, peer, and patient-caregiver relationships.
Maharaj
Sherry
S
Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. simaharaj@aol.com
Daneman
Denis
D
Olmsted
Marion
M
Rodin
Gary
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009864:Ontario; D011340:Problem Solving; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior