Disposition of caspofungin: role of distribution in determining pharmacokinetics in plasma.
The disposition of caspofungin, a parenteral antifungal drug, was investigated. Following a single, 1-h, intravenous infusion of 70 mg (200 microCi) of [(3)H]caspofungin to healthy men, plasma, urine, and feces were collected over 27 days in study A (n = 6) and plasma was collected over 26 weeks in study B (n = 7). Supportive data were obtained from a single-dose [(3)H]caspofungin tissue distribution study in rats (n = 3 animals/time point). Over 27 days in humans, 75.4% of radioactivity was recovered in urine (40.7%) and feces (34.4%). A long terminal phase (t(1/2) = 14.6 days) characterized much of the plasma drug profile of radioactivity, which remained quantifiable to 22.3 weeks. Mass balance calculations indicated that radioactivity in tissues peaked at 1.5 to 2 days at approximately 92% of the dose, and the rate of radioactivity excretion peaked at 6 to 7 days. Metabolism and excretion of caspofungin were very slow processes, and very little excretion or biotransformation occurred in the first 24 to 30 h postdose. Most of the area under the concentration-time curve of caspofungin was accounted for during this period, consistent with distribution-controlled clearance. The apparent distribution volume during this period indicated that this distribution process is uptake into tissue cells. Radioactivity was widely distributed in rats, with the highest concentrations in liver, kidney, lung, and spleen. Liver exhibited an extended uptake phase, peaking at 24 h with 35% of total dose in liver. The plasma profile of caspofungin is determined primarily by the rate of distribution of caspofungin from plasma into tissues.
Stone
Julie A
JA
Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA. julie_stone@merck.com
Xu
Xin
X
Winchell
Gregory A
GA
Deutsch
Paul J
PJ
Pearson
Paul G
PG
Migoya
Elizabeth M
EM
Mistry
Goutam C
GC
Xi
Liwen
L
Miller
Alisha
A
Sandhu
Punam
P
Singh
Romi
R
deLuna
Florencia
F
Dilzer
Stacy C
SC
Lasseter
Kenneth C
KC
D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001711:Biotransformation; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000077336:Caspofungin; D054714:Echinocandins; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001798:Blood Proteins; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010455:Peptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D000077336:Caspofungin