Vasoconstriction caused by cocaine is enhanced by sodium salicylate: is inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA related?
We have previously found that sodium salicylate (NaSal), injected into chicken eggs at nontoxic doses used for quantifying hydroxyl free radicals in hearts and brains of embryos, caused or exacerbated hemorrhages and dramatically reduced hatchability when combined with cocaine (Coc). It has also been reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression is altered in brain in response to vascular damage and inflammation. In this study we measured diameters of membrane-bound blood vessels (BV) before and after pretreatment with saline (NaCl) or NaSal (100 mg/kg egg), followed by infusion of either NaCl or Coc HCl (total of 67.5 mg/kg egg) during 15 min. Brains and hearts of the embryos were then analyzed for iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations. Coc caused vasoconstriction that was significant 5 min postinfusion (5 min PI) of the entire dose (ie after 67.5 mg/kg egg). Significant vasoconstriction was evident within 5 min in the group injected with NaSal followed by infusion with Coc (ie after 22.5 mg Coc/kg egg). Expression of iNOS mRNA was significantly increased only in the brains of the group exposed to NaSal plus Coc, and the increase was inversely related to BV diameter. These data are discussed in relation to effects of salicylate upon prostanoid synthesis and/or nitric oxide synthesis via iNOS inhibition and their possible relationship to Coc-associated cerebral vascular and/or cardiovascular events in abusing humans.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA.
Mary Irene
MI
Mendoza-Baumgart
Marco
M
Pravetoni
Sheldon B
SB
Sparber
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012980:Sodium Salicylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D003042:Cocaine; D012980:Sodium Salicylate