Chromatin remodeling by RNA polymerases.
Chromatin packages DNA tightly into the eukaryotic nucleus and maintains its proper functioning. Recent studies suggest the existence of two distinct mechanisms of progression of RNA polymerases through chromatin. The first is characteristic of eukaryotic RNA polymerase III, bacteriophage RNA polymerases, and probably ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. In this mechanism, nucleosomes are translocated without release of the octamer into solution. By contrast, transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) involves displacement of one H2A-H2B dimer. Nucleosomes can present a barrier for transcribing Pol II that can be regulated in vivo. Analysis of the mechanisms of transcription through chromatin should provide important information about mechanisms of chromatin remodeling and gene regulation at the level of transcript elongation.
Studitsky
Vasily M
VM
Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine & Dentistry New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Room 405, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. studitvm@umdnj.edu
Walter
Wendy
W
Kireeva
Maria
M
Kashlev
Mikhail
M
Felsenfeld
Gary
G
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002843:Chromatin; D009707:Nucleosomes; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases