The halo vest: principles of application and management of complications.
BACKGROUND
The halo skeletal device commonly is used both as primary treatment and as an adjunct to internal fixation in patients with cervical spinal injuries. For optimal outcome, the multidisciplinary team should have a basic understanding of the indications, design rationale, and complications associated with the halo skeletal fixator.


METHODS
Literature review.


RESULTS
The halo device provides the most rigid form of external cervical immobilization. Adherence to established application guidelines is critical to minimize morbidity. Safe zones for pin placement have been delineated. Protocols for management of pin-site infections have been established to appropriately manage these unfortunate complications.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the halo is an effective form of cervical immobilization, complications with its use are encountered periodically. Familiarity with the design rationale, proper method of application, and potential complications can help to minimize the morbidity of this commonly used device.
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Michael
M
Kang
Michael J
MJ
Vives
Alexander R
AR
Vaccaro
D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries; D016267:External Fixators / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000628:therapy*