The CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors--central to understanding the transmission and pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
In this review, we will discuss what is known, what is suspected, and what still remains obscure about the central role played by coreceptor expression and usage in the transmission and pathogenic consequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. An emphasis will be on the HIV-1 phenotypic variants that are defined by their usage of the CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, and how the different cellular tropism of these variants influences how and where HIV-1 replicates in vivo. We will also review what might happen when coreceptor antagonists are used clinically to treat HIV-1 infection.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA. jpm2003@med.cornell.edu
John P
JP
Moore
Scott G
SG
Kitchen
Pavel
P
Pugach
Jerome A
JA
Zack
D000818:Animals; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010641:Phenotype; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*
D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4