Lossless compression of stromatolite images: a biogenicity index?
It has been underappreciated that inorganic processes can produce stromatolites (laminated macroscopic constructions commonly attreibuted to microbiological activity), thus calling into question the long-standing use of stromatolites as de facto evidence for ancient life. Using lossless compression on unmagnified reflectance red-green-blue (RGB) images of matched stromatolite-sediment matrix pairs as a complexity metric, the compressibility index (delta(c), the log ratio of the ratio of the compressibility of the matrix versus the target) of a putative abiotic test stromatolite is significantly less than the delta(c) of a putative biotic test stromatolite. There is a clear separation in delta(c) between the different stromatolites discernible at the outcrop scale. In terms of absolute compressibility, the sediment matrix between the stromatolite columns was low in both cases, the putative abiotic stromatolite was similar to the intracolumnar sediment, and the putative biotic stromatolite was much greater (again discernible at the outcrop scale). We propose tht this metric would be useful for evaluating the biogenicity of images obtained by the camera systems available on every Mars surface probe launched to date including Viking, Pathfinder, Beagle, and the two Mars Exploration Rovers.
Department of Earth Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Frank A
FA
Corsetti
Michael C
MC
Storrie-Lombardi
D000465:Algorithms; D018534:Earth, Planet; D019419:Evolution, Planetary; D005580:Fossils; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D005844:Geology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018535:Mars; D010163:Paleontology