Physicochemical optimisation of plasmid delivery by cationic lipids.
Non-viral gene therapy is based on the use of plasmid expression vectors and chemical or physical plasmid DNA delivery systems. This review discusses the roles of cationic lipids as vectors for gene transfection, reviews different strategies employed to improve cationic lipids for in vivo use, and provides original results on the physicochemistry of lipoplexes. Cationic lipid/DNA delivery vehicles have evolved considerably since their initial gene transfection experiments. Much work has been carried out to investigate their structure/activity relationships, methods of formulation and physicochemical properties. Further work has also focused on enhancing and prolonging their stability in a physiological environment as well as increasing their site-specific and tissue-specific interactions. Original data presented in this report confirm that cationic lipids associated to DNA form supramolecular lamellar structures, which protect DNA from serum DNAse degradation. The effect of formulation (and hence the size of the particles) on lipoplex in vivo circulation half-life and biodistribution is also discussed. A list of abbreviations can be found at the end of the review.
Tranchant
Isabelle
I
Faculté de Pharmacie Paris 5, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique-CNRS-FRE 2463, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
Thompson
Betty
B
Nicolazzi
Céline
C
Mignet
Nathalie
N
Scherman
Daniel
D
D000818:Animals; D003902:Detergents; D000431:Ethanol; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010957:Plasmids; D012997:Solvents; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D003902:Detergents; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol