Spleen length in childhood with US: normal values based on age, sex, and somatometric parameters.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate with ultrasonography (US) normal spleen length in healthy children.


METHODS
The study comprised 512 healthy children (274 girls) with ages ranging from 1 day (full-term neonate) to 17 years who were examined between 1996 and 2001. The main sample comprised 454 children (249 girls) with body measurements (weight and height) between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the relevant growth curves. The remaining 58 children (25 girls) with body measurements outside the normal ranges formed a separate sample used for cross-validation. None had a problem that could affect spleen size. The relationships between the US-measured spleen length and age and body parameters were studied with nonlinear regression and multiple (backward stepwise) regression techniques. Normal ranges and related statistics were estimated and tabulated according to age group and sex. Spleen length growth curves and upper limits defined by the 90% upper confidence limit (UCL) are presented in graphs according to height, weight, and body surface area (BSA).


RESULTS
Spleen length was highly correlated with age, height, weight, and BSA; there was no statistically significant difference between the sexes. The exact pattern of these relationships was nonlinear (polynomial type of third order for age, height, and weight and exponential type for BSA). Multiple regression analysis indicated that age, height, and either weight or BSA had significant positive associations with spleen length. The spleen lengths among the sample of 58 children whose height and weight were outside the normal ranges of growth parameters did not influence the proposed upper limits (almost all were within the 90% UCLs with respect to height and weight for the main sample).


CONCLUSIONS
Normal spleen lengths and ranges in childhood were obtained with US in a large sample of individuals.
First Department of Radiology, Venizelio General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. efstel@med.uoc.gr
Stylianos D
SD
Megremis
Ioannis G
IG
Vlachonikolis
Amalia M
AM
Tsilimigaki
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional