Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in patients with cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumors: a phase II study.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT).


METHODS
Twenty-nine patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory NSGCT were treated with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 followed by oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles. Twenty-four patients (83%) were considered refractory and five (17%) absolutely refractory to cisplatin.


RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients were assessable for response. Overall, nine patients (32%) achieved a favourable response (complete response, four; partial response, five). One of the complete responders relapsed after 7 months and went into disease-free status lasting for 11+ months after resection of lung metastases. The rest of the complete responders are continuously disease-free at 14+, 19+ and 28+ months with the study regimen plus or minus surgery. One of the complete responders had absolutely cisplatin-refractory disease and another one presented with a late relapse. Toxicity was primarily hematological and generally manageable: 62% of patients experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia, 10% neutropenic fever and 41% grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. Non-hematological toxicity consisted mainly of nausea/vomiting. Three patients (10%) developed grade 3 neurotoxicity and discontinued treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
The combination of GEMOX is an active, moderately toxic and easily administered regimen in patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory NSGCT. The 14% long-term disease-free status accomplished in this heavily pretreated patient population is quite encouraging.
Second Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxas Memorial Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. pectasid@otenet.gr
D
D
Pectasides
M
M
Pectasides
D
D
Farmakis
G
G
Aravantinos
M
M
Nikolaou
M
M
Koumpou
A
A
Gaglia
V
V
Kostopoulou
N
N
Mylonakis
D
D
Skarlos
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018309:Neoplasms, Gonadal Tissue / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D012074:Remission Induction; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine