Foster placed children prenatally exposed to poly-substances--attention-related problems at ages 2 and 4 1/2.
This paper reports on a prospective, longitudinal study of children prenatally exposed to poly-substances, who were reared under minimal postnatal risk conditions. The aim of the study was to examine whether the substance-exposed group exhibited a higher level of attention-related problems than a group of age-matched, nonexposed children. The substance-exposed children (n = 42) evinced significant elevated levels of impulsivity and attention problems on the CBCL and on the ADHD rating scale at ages 2 and 4 1/2 as compared to the non-exposed peers (n = 50). The severity of the attention problems in the substance-exposed group was related to dysfunction in the area of perceptual performance and motor abilities assessed on the McCarthy scales. This finding lends support to the hypothesis of a neurological basis of the behavioral problems. The combination of attention problems and specific cognitive deficits indicates that the children exposed to poly-substances in utero had symptoms associated with ADHD/DAMP. The study suggests that even if children experience adequate care after birth, the accumulation of risk factors associated with prenatal substance exposure is still a potential contributor to impulsivity and attention-related problems in preschool children.
Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. kari.slinning@psykologi.uio.no
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D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009664:Norway; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012946:Social Welfare; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*