Diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity: a review.
Deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity is an increasing clinical problem due to the use of long-term indwelling catheters for chemotherapy or long-term feeding. The clinical diagnosis is difficult to make, and various imaging modalities have been used for this purpose. The use of (interventional) radiological procedures has been advancing in recent years. This review describes the clinical background, the imaging modalities that may be employed, treatment options and outcome of patients with upper extremity thrombosis.
Baarslag
Henk J
HJ
Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.baarslag@amc.uva.nl
Koopman
Maria M W
MM
Reekers
Jim A
JA
van Beek
Edwin J R
EJ
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010690:Phlebography; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017131:Thrombectomy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
D000925:Anticoagulants