Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus among women attending prenatal services in Apia, Samoa.
There is no routine prenatal screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in Samoa. Testing for chlamydial infection is not available. To gather information on pregnant women, a prevalence survey was conducted in Apia, Samoa, utilizing two prenatal hospital clinics. Pregnant (n=427) women were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for syphilis (n=441) by rapid plasmid reagin (RPR) and HIV (n=441) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were: chlamydia 30.9% (132); trichomoniasis 20.8%; gonorrhoea 3.3%; syphilis 0.5%; and HIV 0%. Overall 42.7% had at least 1 STD. Young women aged <25 years were three times more likely to have a STD than older women (odds ratio=3.0, 95% confidence intervals 2.0, 4.5). The lack of inexpensive, reliable field diagnostics remain a barrier to sustainable STD control programmes for pregnant women living in developing countries.
School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. e.sullivan@unsw.edu.au
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Sullivan
Semo
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Koro
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Tabrizi
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Kaldor
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Poumerol
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Chen
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O'Leary
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Garland
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000818:Animals; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D018947:Samoa / Q000453:epidemiology; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013588:Syphilis Serodiagnosis; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification