Treatment of sleep problems in families with young children: effects of treatment on family well-being.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a standardized sleep programme that is a two-step variation of graduated extinction, where the child is first taught to fall asleep by him/herself at bedtime (first intervention) and two weeks later also after night awakenings (second intervention). As it has been claimed that extinction procedures may be harmful to the child, this study documents both night- and daytime behaviour before and after interventions.


METHODS
The study included a total of 95 families, with children from 4 to 45 mo of age exhibiting frequent signalled awakening episodes during the night. Sleep diaries, visual analogue scales (VAS) on daytime behaviour and the Flint Infant Security scale, completed by parents, were used as instruments. Parents also completed VAS scales and the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire scales on their own well-being.


RESULTS
All families carried out the interventions. Parents reported significant improvements in sleep quality, daytime behaviour and family well-being as early as two weeks after the first intervention. Before intervention, the sleep-disturbed children were rated as more insecure than a matched comparison group with unknown sleep behaviour. This difference was eliminated after the interventions. The more anxious the children were rated before intervention, the more they tended to benefit from it.


CONCLUSIONS
If parents experience young children's night awakenings as a problem, teaching the children to fall asleep by themselves usually solves this problem quickly. According to parental ratings, family well-being and negative daytime behaviour are also improved.
Department of Paediatrics, Falun Hospital, Falun, Sweden. eckerberg@ebox.tninet.se
B
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Eckerberg
D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires