Trichomonas vaginalis degrades nitric oxide and expresses a flavorubredoxin-like protein: a new pathogenic mechanism?
Besides possessing many physiological roles, nitric oxide (NO) produced by the immune system in infectious diseases has antimicrobial effects. Trichomoniasis, the most widespread non-viral sexually transmitted disease caused by the microaerophilic protist Trichomonas vaginalis, often evolves into a chronic infection, with the parasite able to survive in the microaerobic, NO-enriched vaginal environment. We relate this property to the finding that T. vaginalis degrades NO under anaerobic conditions, as assessed amperometrically. This activity, which is maximal (133 +/- 41 nmol NO/10(8) cells per minute at 20 degrees C) at low NO concentrations (< or = 1.2 microM), was found to be: (i) NADH dependent, (ii) cyanide insensitive and (iii) inhibited by O(2). These features are consistent with those of the Escherichia coli A-type flavoprotein (ATF), recently discovered to be endowed with NO reductase activity. Using antibodies against the ATF from E. coli, a protein band was immunodetected in the parasite grown in a standard medium. If confirmed, the expression of an ATF in eukaryotes suggests that the genes coding for ATFs were transferred during evolution from anaerobic Prokarya to pathogenic protists, to increase their fitness for the microaerobic, parasitic life style. Thus the demonstration of an ATF in T. vaginalis would appear relevant to both pathology and evolutionary biology. Interestingly, genomic analysis has recently demonstrated that Giardia intestinalis and other pathogenic protists have genes coding for ATFs.
Sarti
P
P
Department of Biochemical Sciences and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. paolo.sarti@uniroma1.it.
Fiori
P L
PL
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
Forte
E
E
Department of Biochemical Sciences and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Rappelli
P
P
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
Teixeira
M
M
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
Mastronicola
D
D
Department of Biochemical Sciences and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Sanciu
G
G
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
Giuffré
A
A
Department of Biochemical Sciences and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Brunori
M
M
Department of Biochemical Sciences and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
D000818:Animals; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000378:metabolism*
D005420:Flavoproteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen