Effects of Cr(VI) long-term and low-dose action on mammalian antioxidant enzymes (an in vitro study).
In order to investigate the low-dose long-term Cr(VI) action on antioxidant enzymes in cultured mammalian cells we estimated the activity of glutathione dependent antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) under various chromium concentrations in human epithelial-like L-41 cells. The long-term action of 20 microM causes the toxicity that results in losing of the cell viability by activating the apoptotic process, as identified by morphological analysis, the activation of caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation. The toxic chromium concentration totally destroys glutathione antioxidant system, and diminishes the activity of catalase and cytosolic Cu, ZnSOD. The non-toxic concentration (2 microM) causes the activation of the antioxidant defense systems, and they neutralize the oxidative impact.
Institute of Physics, Georgian Academy of Sciences, 6, Tamarashvili Str., 0177 Tbilisi, Georgia.
Nino
N
Asatiani
Nelly
N
Sapojnikova
Marina
M
Abuladze
Tamar
T
Kartvelishvili
Nina
N
Kulikova
Eugene
E
Kiziria
Emma
E
Namchevadze
Hoi-Ying
HY
Holman
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002857:Chromium; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D005978:Glutathione