Self-reported injuries among seafarers. Questionnaire validity and results from an international study.
International surveys of occupational injuries among seafarers have so far been missing. It was the aim to test the method of self-report of injuries and length of time at risk during the latest duty period and second to study the injury incidence rate among seafarers by use of the method. A pilot study was conducted (n = 1068) in Finland, Denmark, the Philippines, Croatia and Spain using self-completed questionnaires with questions about the person, the ship, the duration of latest duty period and injuries. The duration of the self-reporting duty period was in the Danish part compared with information from the crew register of the Maritime Authority. For seafarers from merchant ships in the Danish sub-study there was acceptable correspondence between the information from the seafarers and the Maritime Authority, but not when referring to ferries and non-specified types of ship. Unadjusted and adjusted injury incidence rates-ratios (IRRs) based on number of injuries per number of work hours were calculated. Adjusted IRRs for ordinary seamen/officers: IRR = 2.43 (95% CI: 1.25-4.72); for age < 35/35+ years: IRR = 1.97 (1.02-3.81); length of tour: 117 days or longer compared with < 117 days: IRR = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22-0.95); 57-70 working hours per week compared with < 57 h: IRR = 1.26 (0.48-3.29), 71+h compared with < 57 h: IRR = 2.12 (0.84-5.36). Non-significant IRRs >1.00 were found for ships under 10,000 GT compared with larger ships and for own flagged ships compared with ships under flag of convenience. In conclusion, more than 70 h of work per week was related to a higher rate of injuries for seafarers on merchant ships, but the result was not statistically significant. Self-report of the duration of the latest tour of duty is useful for seafarers from merchant ships with short-term employments, but not for ferries and other, non-specified types of ship with other or permanent employment.
Research Unit of Maritime Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. ocj@fmm.sdu.dk
Olaf C
OC
Jensen
Jens F L
JF
Sørensen
Linda
L
Kaerlev
M Luisa
ML
Canals
Nebojsa
N
Nikolic
Heikki
H
Saarni
D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012767:Ships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D014195:Travel; D016526:Workload; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology