Bioguided extraction of polyphenols from grape marc by using an alternative supercritical-fluid extraction method based on a liquid solvent trap.
The biological activity of polyphenols extracted from grape marc was studied with a view to finding a new use for this winery waste. Polyphenols were extracted by using an alternative supercritical-fluid extraction method based on the use of a liquid trap that allows extracted polyphenols to be retained in a saline buffer, thus avoiding the need for the organic solvent required to elute polyphenols from a solid trap. The major extraction variables influencing the performance of the liquid trap (viz. CO(2) modifier content, flow-rate, extraction time and trap volume) were optimized. The proposed method was applied to the supercritical-fluid extraction extraction of 0.3 g grape marc with CO(2) modified with 3% methanol at 350 bar at 50 degrees C (CO(2) density 0.9 g mL(-1)) for 20 min, using a liquid flow-rate of 0.9 mL min(-1). The polyphenol extracts thus obtained exhibited cytotoxic effects that induced apoptosis in tumour cells.
Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. C-3 (Annex), 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
B
B
Palenzuela
L
L
Arce
A
A
Macho
E
E
Muñoz
A
A
Ríos
M
M
Valcárcel
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D059808:Polyphenols; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D012997:Solvents