Inactivation in HCN channels results from reclosure of the activation gate: desensitization to voltage.
Hyperpolarization-activated HCN channels are modulated by direct binding of cyclic nucleotides. For HCN2 channels, cAMP shifts the voltage dependence for activation, with relatively little change in the maximal conductance. By contrast, in spHCN channels, cAMP relieves a rapid inactivation process and produces a large increase in maximum conductance. Our results suggest that these two effects of cAMP represent the same underlying process. We also find that spHCN inactivation occurs not by closure of a specialized inactivation gate, as for other voltage-dependent channels, but by reclosure of the same intracellular gate opened upon activation. Effectively, the activation gate exhibits a "desensitization to voltage," perhaps by slippage of the coupling between the voltage sensors and the gate. Differences in the initial coupling efficiency could allow cAMP to produce either the inactivation or the shift phenotype by strengthening effective coupling: a shift would naturally occur if coupling is already strong in the absence of cAMP.
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
Ki Soon
KS
Shin
Chantal
C
Maertens
Catherine
C
Proenza
Brad S
BS
Rothberg
Gary
G
Yellen
D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels
C578710:HCN2 protein, human; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D007473:Ion Channels; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D000242:Cyclic AMP