title: Physician response rates to a mail survey by specialty and timing of incentive.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Historically, achieving a high response rate on physician surveys has been a challenging task. Given such concerns, understanding research strategies that facilitate adequate response rates is important. Primary care physician responses to a mail survey on smoking cessation are summarized by physician specialty and timing of incentive.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stratified random-sample design, stratified by patient populations-adults, adolescents, and pregnant women-was used. The sampling frame included New Jersey internists, general practitioners, family physicians, pediatricians, and obstetrician-gynecologists. A total of 2100 physicians, 700 physicians from each patient strata, were sampled and mailed a smoking-cessation survey in summer 2002. The sample was randomized by incentive timing: Half received the incentive (i.e., 25 dollars gift card) with the first survey mailing, and half received the incentive on receipt of their completed survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The promised-incentive group achieved a significantly lower response rate (56%) compared with the up-front-incentive group (71.5%). Response rates by medical specialty varied overall and within incentive groups. The difference between the incentive groups was greatest among obstetrician-gynecologists (i.e., 20.2 percentage points) and was least among pediatricians (i.e., 5.8 percentage points).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physician response rates to mail surveys are greatly improved, especially among certain medical specialties, by using up-front incentives.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-2688, USA. delnevo@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Cristine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Delnevo
authors.forename: Diane J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Abatemarco
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine; D009042:Motivation; D010819:Physician's Role; D011247:Pregnancy; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D011336:Probability; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013038:Specialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors