title: Different types of botulinum toxin in humans.
abstract: In humans, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A (BoNT/A) is a useful therapeutic tool, but different BoNT serotypes may be useful when a specific immune resistance related to BoNT/A is proved. BoNT serotype F (BoNT/F) was injected into human muscles but its effects are shorter compared to BoNT/A, whereas BoNT serotype B (BoNT/B) is effective in humans only if injected at very high doses. BoNT serotype C (BoNT/C) has a general profile of action similar to BoNT/A. Nevertheless, a comparison between these different BoNTs in human has not yet been reported. To establish the general profile of these different BoNTs in humans and the spread in near and untreated muscles we conducted an electrophysiological evaluation in 12 healthy volunteers by injecting BoNT/A (BOTOX 15MU), BoNT/B (NeuroBloc 1500MU), BoNT/F (15MU), BoNT/C (15MU) and a saline solution (placebo) in the abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM) in a double-blind manner. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude variation, before and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the injections, was evaluated in the ADM, the fourth dorsal interosseus, the first dorsal interosseus and the abductor pollicis brevis APB. We detected an earlier recovery for BoNT/F when compared to the other BoNTs. No significant differences in the local or distant BoNT spread was observed among the different serotypes. We conclude that in humans, BoNT/B and BoNT/C have a general profile similar to BoNT/A and as such these serotypes could be alternative therapies to BoNT/A. BoNT/F might be useful when only a short duration of neuromuscular blockade is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy. releopra@libero.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eleopra
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tugnoli
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quatrale
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rossetto
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montecucco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000145:classification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000145:classification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins