title: Electroconvulsive seizures induce proliferation of NG2-expressing glial cells in adult rat amygdala.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Volumetric changes and glial pathology have been reported in the amygdala in patients with major depressive disorder. Here we report an analysis of glial cell proliferation in response to electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), clinically used for the treatment of severe depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were subjected to five ECS-treatments and then injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect cell proliferation in the amygdala. The animals were transcardially perfused either 12 hours or 3 weeks after the last BrdU injection. Tissue sections were double-stained for BrdU and the cell-type markers NG2, OX-42, RIP, S-100beta, Doublecortin, or NeuN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroconvulsive seizures dramatically increased the proliferation of amygdala cells expressing the oligodendrocyte progenitor marker NG2. Bromodeoxyuridine-labeled NG2-expressing cells were still present after 3 weeks of survival, and a small proportion of the proliferating cells had differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major depression has been associated with a reduction of glial cells. Our results show that ECS, an antidepressant treatment, significantly increases the number of NG2+ glial cells and mature oligodendrocytes in the adult rat amygdala.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Psychiatry Unit (MW, JH, AT), Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wennström
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellsten
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tingström
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D004597:Electroshock; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C000714848:Dcx protein, rat