title: The effect of intraperitoneally administered microcystin-LR on the gastrointestinal tract of Balb/c mice.
abstract: Microcystin-LR (MCLR) has been associated with the development of gastrointestinal complaints in people ingesting cyanobacterial bloom contaminated water. The symptoms usually present a day or two after exposure raising questions as to the toxic effects of MCLR on the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the apoptotic effect of ip administered MCLR over time on the duodenum, jejenum and ileum of mice receiving a single 75% LD(50) dose. The apoptotic index was significantly raised in all sections at 8 h post exposure (pe) and continued to rise for the 16, 24 and 32 h pe groups, while the glycogen levels were normal at 24 h pe. The duodenum exhibited the most significant increase in apoptotic index overall, followed by the jejenum and ileum. Immunohistochemistry indicated the presence of MCLR in the lamina propria suggesting a role for MCLR in the induction of apoptosis in the GIT of mice exposed to a single sublethal dose of MCLR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Botha
authors.forename: Maryna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van de Venter
authors.forename: Tim G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Downing
authors.forename: Enid G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Shephard
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gehringer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects; D008387:Marine Toxins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C057862:cyanoginosin LR