title: Soybean cultivars 'Williams 82' and 'Maple Arrow' produce both urea and ammonia during ureide degradation.
abstract: The ability of two soybean (Glycine max L. [Merrill]) cultivars, 'Williams 82' and 'Maple Arrow', which were reported to use different ureide degradation pathways, to degrade the ureides allantoin and allantoate was investigated. Protein fractions and total leaf homogenates from the fourth trifoliate leaves of both cultivars were examined for the ability to evolve either (14)CO(2) or [(14)C]urea from (14)C-labelled ureides in the presence of various inhibitors. (14)CO(2) evolution from [2,7-(14)C]allantoate was catalysed by 25-50% saturated ammonium sulphate fractions of both cultivars. This activity was inhibited by acetohydroxamate (AHA), which has been used to inhibit plant ureases, but not by phenylphosphorodiamidate (PPD), a more specific urease inhibitor. Thus, in both cultivars, allantoate may be metabolized by allantoate amidohydrolase. This activity was sensitive to EDTA, consistent with previous reports demonstrating that allantoate amidohydrolase requires manganese for full activity. Total leaf homogenates of both cultivars evolved both (14)CO(2) and [(14)C]urea from [2,7-(14)C] (ureido carbon labelled) allantoin, not previously reported in either 'Williams 82' or in 'Maple Arrow'. In situ leaf degradation of (14)C-labelled allantoin confirmed that both urea and CO(2)/NH(3) are direct products of ureide degradation. Growth of plants in the presence of PPD under fixing and non-fixing conditions caused urea accumulation in both cultivars, but did not have a significant impact on total seed nitrogen. Urea levels were higher in N-fixing plants of both cultivars. Contrary to previous reports, no significant biochemical difference was found in the ability of these two cultivars to degrade ureides under the conditions used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, 117 Schweitzer Hall, University ofMissouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Joe C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Polacco
mesh_terms: D000481:Allantoin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011865:Radioisotope Dilution Technique; D013025:Glycine max / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014510:Urease / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010940:Plant Proteins; C024081:allantoic acid; D000481:Allantoin; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea; D014510:Urease