title: Effect of phytase addition and dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on plasma metabolites and ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibility in pigs.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phytase on plasma metabolites and AA and energy digestibility in swine. In Exp. 1, eight barrows (surgery BW = 52 kg) were fitted with steered ileocecal cannulas. The experiment was a Latin rectangle and the treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal diet adequate in Ca and P (0.5% Ca, 0.19% available P [aP]), 2) corn-soybean meal diet with reduced Ca and P (0.4% Ca, 0.09% aP), 3) Diet 1 with 500 phytase units/kg, or 4) Diet 2 with 500 phytase units/kg. Pigs were fed twice daily to a total daily energy intake of 2.6 x maintenance (106 kcal of ME/kg of BW(0.75)). For each ileal digesta sample, digesta samples were collected for two 24-h periods and combined for each pig. The combination of supplementing with phytase and decreasing the concentration of dietary Ca and P increased average ileal AA (P < 0.02), starch (P < 0.02), GE (P < 0.04), and DM (P < 0.03) digestibilities. In Exp. 2, a feeding challenge was conducted with barrows (eight per treatment; average BW of 53 kg). The treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal diet or corn-soybean meal diet + 500 phytase units per kilogram of diet. In the diet with no phytase, Ca and aP were at 0.50% and 0.19%, respectively, and, in the diet with phytase, Ca and aP were each decreased by 0.12%. A catheter was surgically inserted into the anterior vena cava of each pig 6 d before the start of the feeding challenge. The barrows were penned individually, and the diets were fed for 3 d before the challenge. The pigs were held without feed for 16 h, and blood samples were obtained at -60, -30, and 0 min before the pigs were fed (2% of BW). Blood samples were then collected at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 min after feeding. Glucose area under the response curve and plasma glucose, insulin, urea N, and total alpha-amino N concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the diet with reduced Ca and P and the phytase addition. Area under the response curve for insulin, urea N, and total alpha-amino N; insulin:glucose; and plasma NEFA concentration, clearance, and half-life were not affected by diet. In conclusion, the combination of Ca and P reduction and phytase addition increased nutrient and energy digestibility in diets for pigs and increased plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, urea N, and alpha-amino N.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bidner
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Bunting
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Olcott
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D010832:6-Phytase