title: Positive patch tests to Euro coins in nickel-sensitized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many efforts have been made to prevent nickel allergy, the most frequent contact allergy in industrialized countries, by identifying acceptable limits of exposure. Even though coins are not covered by the EU Nickel Directive, some authors suggest that nickel release from coins during handling may elicit contact dermatitis in nickel-allergic people.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate sensitivity to nickel released from coins in nickel-allergic patients and to verify whether nickel release from the new Euro coins may elicit stronger cutaneous reactivity than from old Italian lire coins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five nickel-allergic patients were patch tested with 1- and 2-Euro coins, 1-, 2- and 50-Euro cent coins, and 100 and 500 Italian lire coins. Ten healthy nonnickel-allergic control individuals were also tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients had positive patch tests to 1- and 2-Euro coins. One was also positive to 1- and 2-Euro cent coins, four to 50-Euro cent coins, and 13 to the 500-lire coin. None had a positive patch test to the 100-lire coin. The number and degree of positive patch tests to coins were related to nickel content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Euro coins may be potentially more dangerous than old Italian coins. Coins containing little or no nickel should be chosen for coinage to prevent sensitization and to avoid exacerbation of contact dermatitis in nickel-allergic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A.Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nucera
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schiavino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calandrelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roncallo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buonomo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pecora
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Pasquale
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pollastrini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patriarca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000276:immunology*; D009717:Numismatics; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel