title: [Prevalence of physical diseases, health behavior and health care utilization in single homeless men: a cross sectional study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of physical diseases, the subjective evaluation of their own health and health care utilization in the actually homeless and a comparison group of formerly homeless.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 82 homeless and 37 formerly homeless was studied. Instruments were a physical examination and a standardized interview. The latter included parts of the assessment of the German cardiovascular disease prevention study and the questionnaire "Funktionseinschränkungen" (functional impairments) by Potthoff (1982).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disease prevalence was high. The main diagnoses fell within the categories of defective dental status (over 80%), ophthalmologic diseases (over 60%) and diseases of the liver and musculoskeletal system (over 40% each). Morbidity in the formerly homeless was even higher. In both groups the subjective evaluation of their own health was unrealistically positive. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were high. Health care utilization was mainly acute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The medical care of the homeless in standard medical services is insufficient and could be improved by especially tailored projects which should include education about risk factors. Formerly homeless continue to show high disease prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester. birgit.vollm@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Völlm
authors.forename: Hinnerk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kunstmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D010808:Physical Examination; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology