title: Recurrence-free survival rates after external-beam radiotherapy for patients with clinical T1-T3 prostate carcinoma in the prostate-specific antigen era: what should we expect?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the current study was to report biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) rates among men with T1-T3 prostate carcinoma who were treated with external-beam radiotherapy (RT) at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation (Cleveland, OH).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 1352 patients were identified between 1987 and 2000 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year (median follow-up, 55 months; range, 12-189 months). The median radiation dose was 74.0 grays (Gy) (range, 63.0-83.0 Gy). The median radiation doses for patients who received < 68.0 Gy (n = 201), 68.0-72.0 Gy (n = 373), and > or = 72.0 Gy (n = 778) were 66.6 Gy, 70.0 Gy, and 78.0 Gy, respectively. The RT techniques used were standard RT in 41% of patients, 3-dimensional conformal RT in 34% of patients, and intensity-modulated RT in 25% of patients. Androgen-deprivation (AD) therapy lasting < or = 6 months was administered to 34% of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year and 7-year bRFS rates were 63% and 59%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, T classification (P < 0.001), pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level (P < 0.001), biopsy Gleason score (P = 0.001), radiation dose (P < 0.001), and year of therapy (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of biochemical failure. Age, race, AD therapy, and RT technique did not predict for biochemical failure. For patients with low-risk tumors, the 5-year bRFS rates for those who received RT doses of < or = 68.0 Gy, 68.0-72.0 Gy, and > or = 72.0 Gy were 52%, 82%, and 93%, respectively (P < 0.001); for patients with intermediate-risk tumors, the respective 5-year bRFS rates were 27%, 51%, and 83% (P < 0.001); and for patients with high-risk tumors, the respective 5-year bRFS rates were 21%, 29%, and 71%, respectively (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most significant therapeutic factor affecting bRFS rates after RT was radiation dose, rather than AD therapy use or radiation technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khuntia
authors.forename: Chandana A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Arul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevan
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kupelian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen