title: Developing methods for assessing quality of life in different cultural settings. The history of the WHOQOL instruments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This review traces the 12-year history of an international collaboration of researchers-the WHOQOL Group-who were brought together by the World Health Organisation to develop and produce a cross-cultural measure of quality of life for use in health and health care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The theoretical and philosophical basis of the WHOQOL instrument is outlined as it evolved throughout the design and adjustment of a reflexive methodology that places an assessment of the users' views at the centre of health care. The stages of research are further expanded and explained in recounting the scientific experience of this unique collaboration. The WHOQOL is available in 40 countries and most majority languages. Adaptations exist for assessing particular conditions, e. g. spirituality, religion and personal beliefs.
authors.affiliation: WHO Field Centre for the Study of Quality of life, Dept. of Psychology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK. s.m.skevington@bath.ac.uk
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Skevington
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sartorius
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amir
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires