title: Systemic and ocular pharmacokinetics of N-4-benzoylaminophenylsulfonylglycine (BAPSG), a novel aldose reductase inhibitor.
abstract: To better develop N-[4-(benzoylamino)phenylsulfonyl]glycine (BAPSG), a potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitor capable of delaying the progression of ocular diabetic complications, the objective of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics. The plasma pharmacokinetics of BASPG was assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats following intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral routes of administration and its distribution to various tissues including those of the eye was studied following intraperitoneal administration. In addition, rat plasma protein binding of BAPSG was studied using ultracentrifugation method and its ocular tissue disposition was assessed following topical administration in rabbits. Plasma and tissue levels of BAPSG were analysed using an HPLC assay. BAPSG exhibited dose-proportionate AUC0 --> infinity (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) following both intravenous and intraperitoneal administration over the dose range (5-50 mg kg(-1)) studied and an erratic oral absorption profile with low oral bioavailability. The fraction bioavailability following oral and intraperitoneal administration was 0.06 and 0.7-1, respectively. BAPSG exhibited short plasma elimination half-lives in the range 0.5-1.5 h. BAPSG was bound to rat plasma proteins and the percent protein binding ranged from 83 to 99.8%. BAPSG was better distributed to cornea, lens and retina than to brain, following intraperitoneal administration in rats. However, the distribution was lower compared with kidney and liver. Following topical administration in rabbits, BAPSG delivery to the surface ocular tissues, cornea and conjunctiva was higher compared with intraocular tissues, aqueous humour, iris-ciliary body and lens. Thus, BAPSG was distributed to ocular tissues following systemic and topical modes of administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA. ukompell@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Gangadhar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sunkara
authors.forename: Surya P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ayalasomayajula
authors.forename: Cheruku S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vennerstrom
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeRuiter
authors.forename: Uday B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Kompella
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D013450:Sulfones; C062604:N-(((4-benzoylamino)phenyl)sulfonyl)glycine; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D005998:Glycine