title: Mucociliary function deteriorates in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether a reduction in air temperature within the clinical range [37 degrees C to 30, 100% relative humidity (RH)] altered mucus transport velocity (MTV) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in an in vitro ovine tracheal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Farm-reared sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tracheae were mounted flat in an organ bath. Krebs Henseleit bathed the serosal surface and air at 100% (RH) was passed over the mucosal surface at 4 l/min. Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured photo-electrically and mucus transport velocity (MTV) by timing movement. After 2 h at 37 degrees C (100% RH) the tissue was either maintained with those settings (controls), or the air temperature reduced to 34 degrees C or 30 degrees C. Tissue was taken for histology before and after each experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CBF was 19.8+/-2.7 beats/s and MTV 5.7+/-2.6 mm/min in tissue exposed to air at 37 degrees C. Cilial activity continued for up to 6 h in the controls but mucus transport was more fragile. Reduction of the air temperature to either 34 degrees C or 30 degrees C led to a decrease in both CBF and MTV and, frequently, total mucociliary failure. There was a reduction in epithelial mucous cell numbers in all preparations. Tissues exposed to low temperature had additional abnormal histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delivery of inspired gas at 30 degrees C, or even 34 degrees C, with 100% RH may not be sufficient to prevent epithelial damage occurring during 6 h exposure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kilgour
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Rodger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pack
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000818:Animals; D006813:Humidity; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000502:physiology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep; D013696:Temperature; D014132:Trachea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*