title: Cigarette smoking in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: Cigarette smoking may adversely influence patient and graft survival. In Europe and the United States the prevalence of cigarette smoking in dialysis patients is 35% to 40% and 25%, respectively. In Turkey, the estimated prevalence of cigarette smoking rate in the normal population is 26%. This study evaluated the rate of smoking in 63 cadaveric, and 158 living-related renal transplant recipients including (150 men, and 76 women of 38 +/- 12 years; range, 8 to 70) who were operated between 1986 and 2001. Demographic data were collected with a questionnaire delivered to patients during their routine outpatient visits. During this time period, 8 patients had died, 4 from hemophagocytic syndrome, 2 from cardiovascular disease, 1 from Kaposi sarcoma and 1 from a cerebrovascular accident. Twenty-three patients have lost their grafts. While at the time of transplantation 97 (42%) were smoking cigarettes, only 29 (12%) continued smoke after transplantation. Male gender significantly correlated with cigarette smoking (P =.000). Twelve smokers were single but 85 out of 97 were married, a statistically significant difference (P =.010). In contrast there was no significant relationship between pretransplant smoking and educational status (P =.354); graft loss and smoking (P =.129); or mortality and smoking (P =.224). There was a significant relationship between pretransplant and posttransplant smoking (P =.000). There was no relationship between pre- and post-transplant smoking and development of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Interestingly the posttransplant serum albumin level was lower among smokers than nonsmokers (4.44 +/- 0.02 g/dL vs 4.30 +/- 0.02 g/dL; P =.019). There was a close relationship between transplantation duration and smoking.
authors.affiliation: Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürkan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demirbaş
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Süleymanlar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yakupoğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014421:Turkey