title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in noninvasive and early invasive urothelial papillary neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression in urothelial papilloma and in noninvasive and early invasive papillary carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 40 cases of papillary neoplasia of the urinary bladder subdivided into 10 cases of urothelial papilloma (UP); 10 of papillary carcinoma, grade 1; 10, grade 2 (G2); and 10, grade 3 (G3). Invasion of the subepithelial connective tissue was present in 5 cases of G2 and 7 cases of G3. According to the 2002 revision of the TNM system, these cases were defined as T1 and the others as Ta. uPAR expression was evaluated with an immunohistochemical technique in 5-microns-thick tissue sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Difference in the distribution of positive cases in the 4 groups were statistically significant and greatest in G3. Statistically significant differences were also observed between Ta and T1 cases in terms of uPAR intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of immunoreactivity for uPAR was associated with high grade UP carcinomas. These data indicate that uPAR is potentially an important prognostic factor in bladder carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vivani
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magi
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzucchelli
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bacchiocchi
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santinelli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muzzonigro
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazioli
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator