title: Yogurt feeding inhibits promotion and progression of experimental colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In BALB/c mice, a yogurt diet given before and after the carcinogen 1, 2 dymethylhydrazine (DMH) inhibited colon cancer. This paper studied at which stage of tumor development (initiation, promotion or progression) yogurt exerts its antitumor activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six experimental groups were used: 1) non-treatment control; 2) DMH control; 3) yogurt-DMH-yogurt: yogurt administered before and after DMH. 4) yogurt-DMH: yogurt given only 10 days before DMH; 5) DMH-yogurt: yogurt given cyclically after DMH; and 6) yogurt control. The groups DMH-yogurt and yogurt-DMH were compared histologically and TNFalpha, INFgamma, IL-10 and IL-4 cytokines, CD4+/CD25+ T cells, and apoptotic cells were determined in large intestine biopsies. TNFalpha and INFgamma were also determined in cells isolated from large intestine nodules and from Peyer's patches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DMH-yogurt group did not develop tumor. The yogurt-DMH group showed only tumor delay; TNFalpha, INFgamma and IL-10 increasing in this group in all the periods assayed. These results agree with those already reported for DMH control and yogurt-DMH-yogurt. There was no correlation between the high levels of IL-10 and CD4+/CD25+ T regulatory population. IL-4 and apoptotic cells increased in the yogurt-DMH group only in the first months. In the DMH-yogurt group, cellular apoptosis increased during the whole treatment. Yogurt feeding induced TNFalpha and INFgamma increases in cells isolated from large intestine nodules. These cytokines also increased in cells from Peyer's patches of the yogurt control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that yogurt inhibited tumor progression and promotion by modulating the immune response and stimulating cellular apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Moreno de Leblanc
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perdigón
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D015014:Yogurt / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D002273:Carcinogens; D016207:Cytokines; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine