title: Snail and SIP1 increase cancer invasion by upregulating MMP family in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: Loss of E-cadherin (E-cad) triggers invasion, metastasis, and dedifferentiation in various epithelial carcinomas. Recently, it has been reported that two transcription factors, Snail and SIP1 (Smad interacting protein 1), directly repress transcription of the E-cad gene by binding E-box on E-cad promoter. Our aim is to solve the molecular mechanism of Snail and SIP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We first showed an inverse correlation between E-cad and Snail/SIP 1 expression among five HCC lines with different phenotypes. The result indicated that undifferentiated, but not differentiated type expressed Snail/SIP1. Then, we established transfectants stably expressing Snail and SIP1 in two differentiated cells with E-cad expression. Suppressed expression of E-cad, morphologic change into fibroblastoid feature, and remarkable acceleration of invasion activity were observed in the transfectants. In reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction series of genes relating to motility and invasion, we demonstrated striking evidence that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1), MMP-2, MMP-7, and MT1-MMP expressions were strongly upregulated by Snail. On the other hand, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP expressions were enhanced by SIP1 transfection, however, the intensity was weaker than that in Snail transfection. In conclusion, Snail or SIP1 expression may be induced during HCC progression, where Snail/SIP1 directly represses E-cad gene transcription and activates cancer invasion via the upregulation of the MMP gene family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000074165:Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C492363:ZEB2 protein, human; D000074165:Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases