title: 5-fluorouracil-induced oligodendrocyte death and inhibitory effect of cycloheximide, Trolox, and Z-VAD-FMK in murine cortical culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used anticancer drug. One of the adverse effects of this drug is selective cerebral white matter injury, but to the authors' knowledge its mechanism has not been well documented. The current study was performed to investigate the mechanism of cerebral white matter injury caused by 5-FU and to develop the intervention to attenuate its injury in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed oligodendrocyte/astrocyte cells were dissociated from specimens taken from approximately 2-day-old postnatal mouse cortex and cultured for 3-4 weeks. The culture cells were exposed to 5-FU, cycloheximide, emetine, Z-VAD-fmk, 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)-quinoxaline (NBQX), Trolox, and epigallocatechin gallate. Oligodendrocyte cell death was assessed by counting the number of viable galactocerebroside-positive cells per x 100 field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mixed oligodendrocyte/astrocyte culture cells that were exposed to 5-FU (at doses of 10 microM, 30 microM, and 100 microM) for 24 hours ensued concentration-dependent oligodendrocyte death. The majority of oligodendrocytes, but few astrocytes, were injured by 100 microM 5-FU. Trolox, a vitamin E analog antioxidant, as well as cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) and Z-VAD-fmk (a caspase inhibitor), significantly attenuated the 5-FU-induced oligodendrocyte death. However, NBQX, an alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, did not appear to effect the 5-FU-induced oligodendrocyte death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the current study suggested that 5-FU led to oligodendrocyte death rather than astrocyte death by way of the apoptotic process, whereas antioxidants may prevent the 5-FU-induced oligodendrocyte cell death in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Byeong-Chae
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Man-Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myeong-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000975:Antioxidants; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002839:Chromans; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline; D003513:Cycloheximide; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; D005472:Fluorouracil