title: Evaluation and treatment of vertical microgenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate treatment of vertical microgenia in patients with chin deformities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients were included in this retrospective review. The 3 authors performed a lengthening genioplasty with or without interpositional grafting on each patient in either an academic or a private practice setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective analysis suggests a substantial improvement of lower face aesthetics in all patients. The degree of subjective change depended on the type of deformity, whether there was vertical microgenia alone or in combination with a sagittal (horizontal) deficiency, and the morphologic characteristics of the labiomental sulcus. There were no significant complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical lengthening of the chin should be considered in patients with the combination of a vertically short lower facial height, deepened labiomental fold, recessive chin, and recessive and/or procumbent lower lip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17821-1203, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Frodel
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002680:Chin / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies