title: Taxonomic and phytogeographic implications from ITS phylogeny in Berberis (Berberidaceae).
abstract: A phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from 79 taxa representing much of the diversity of Berberis L. (four major groups and 22 sections) was constructed for the first time. The phylogeny was basically congruent with the previous classification schemes at higher taxonomic levels, such as groups and subgroups. A notable exception is the non-monophyly of the group Occidentales of compound-leaved Berberis (previously separated as Mahonia). At lower levels, however, most of previous sections and subsections were not evident especially in simple-leaved Berberis. Possible relationship between section Horridae (group Occidentales) and the simple-leaved Berberis clade implies paraphyly of the compound-leaved Berberis. A well-known South America-Old World (mainly Asia) disjunctive distribution pattern of the simple-leaved Berberis is explained by a vicariance event occurring in the Cretaceous period. The ITS phylogeny also suggests that a possible connection between the Asian and South American groups through the North American species ( Berberis canadensis or B. fendleri) is highly unlikely.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Sciences, Hallym University, 200-702 Chunchon, South Korea. ydkim@hallym.ac.kr
authors.forename: Young-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Leslie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Landrum
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D028142:Berberis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009656:North America; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013020:South America
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer