title: Usefulness of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in amniotic fluid as early prognostic marker of fetal infection with Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to evaluate Toxoplasma gondii concentration in amniotic fluid (AF) samples as a prognostic marker of congenital toxoplasmosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was carried out in 88 consecutive AF samples from 86 pregnant women, which were found positive by prospective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Parasite AF concentrations were estimated by real-time quantitative PCR and analyzed in relation to the clinical outcome of infected fetuses during pregnancy and at birth, taking into account the gestational age at maternal infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant negative linear regression was observed between gestational age at maternal infection and T gondii DNA loads in AF. After adjusting for time at maternal seroconversion by multivariate analysis, higher parasite concentrations were significantly associated with a severe outcome of congenital infection (odds ratio [OR]=15.38/log (parasites/mL AF) [95% CI=2.45-97.7]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR quantification of T gondii in AF can be highly contributive for early prognosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Maternal infections acquired before 20 weeks with a parasite load greater than 100/mL of AF have the highest risk of severe fetal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de la Toxoplasmose, Institut de Puériculture, Paris, France. romand@perinat.org
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romand
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chosson
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallon
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kieffer
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dumon
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peyron
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thulliez
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Picot
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D003199:Computer Systems; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000469:parasitology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000469:parasitology*; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan