title: Increased plasma levels of serine proteinase inhibitors in lung cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor growth and invasiveness occur through infiltration of tumor cells into the host cells and by angiogenesis, which is modulated by proteinases and antiproteinases released from tumor cells that carry out tissue remodelling. A number of studies have revealed variations in the plasma levels of serine proteases and their inhibitors among tumor types.
  
  
  METHODS
  By immunological methods we analysed the levels of serine protease inhibitors AAT, ACT and SLPI in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients (n=14) compared to non-smoker and smoker, age- and gender-matched control groups (n=16), and also in an expanded group of lung cancer patients with local tumors (n=14) and with metastasis (n=18).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data show that plasma levels of AAT, ACT and SLPI were elevated in lung cancer patients by 1.43-fold, p<0.01, 2.57-fold, p<0.01 and 1.6-fold, p<0.001, respectively when compared to controls. In addition, we found that levels of AAT and ACT were higher by 1.47-fold, p<0.001 and 2.27-fold, p<0.001, respectively in lung cancer cases with metastasis compared to localized tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These inhibitor levels may provide measures of cancer progression in individual patients and possibly offer useful information for an understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zelvyte
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallmark
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piitulainen
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Westin
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janciauskiene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin / Q000097:blood*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; C506814:SLPI protein, human; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D000514:alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin