title: Determinants of HIV-1 load in subjects with early and later HIV infections, in a general-population cohort of Rakai, Uganda.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA loads were determined for 256 subjects with early (incident) HIV infection and for 1293 subjects with later (prevalent) HIV infection, in a Ugandan cohort. Prevalent infections were classified as latent (0-1 symptoms) and midstage disease (>/=2 symptoms), and deaths were ascribed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Among subjects with incident HIV infection, HIV load did not differ by sex, but, among subjects with prevalent HIV infection, it was higher in males than in females. HIV load was highest in subjects (25-29 years old) with incident HIV infection but increased with age in subjects with prevalent HIV infection. Viremia was higher after serconversion than in latency and increased with more advanced disease. Viremia was increased with genital ulcer disease (GUD) in both subjects with incident infection and in those with prevalent infection, and with herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity in subjects with incident HIV infection. GUD was consistently associated with higher HIV loads in subjects with incident and those with prevalent HIV infection, suggesting that treatment of GUD might reduce HIV viremia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rgray@jhsph.edu.
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wawer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serwadda
authors.forename: Nelson K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Sewankambo
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wabwire-Mangen
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lutalo
authors.forename: Noah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiwanuka
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kigozi
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nalugoda
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Meehan
authors.forename: Merlin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012737:Sex Factors; D014454:Uganda; D014456:Ulcer / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral