title: Phylogeny and evolution of Digitulati ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) inferred from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences.
abstract: Genealogical trees have been constructed using mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences of 87 specimens consisting of 32 species which have been believed to belong to the division Digitulati (one of the lineages of the subtribe Carabina) of the world. There have been recognized six lineages, which are well separated from each other. Each lineage contains the following genus: (1) the lineage A: Ohomopterus from Japan; (2) the lineage B: Isiocarabus from eastern Eurasian Continent; (3) the lineage C: Carabus from China which are further subdivided into three sublineages; (4) the lineage D: Carabus from USA; (5) the lineage E: Carabus from the Eurasian Continent, Japan and North America; and (6) the lineage F: Eucarabus from the Eurasian Continent. Additionally, the genus Acrocarabus which had been treated as a constituent of the division Archicarabomorphi has been recognized to be the 7th lineage of the division Digitulati from the ND5 genealogical analysis as well as morphology. These lineages are assumed to have radiated within a short period and are largely linked to their geographic distribution.
authors.affiliation: JT Biohistory Research Hall, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan. su.zhihui@brh.co.jp
authors.forename: Zhi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Yûki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Choong-Gon
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong-Zhang
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jong-Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Syozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005843:Geography; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D004247:DNA