title: Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting involves intrathylakoid lumen pH sensing by the PsbS protein.
abstract: The biochemical, biophysical, and physiological properties of the PsbS protein were studied in relation to mutations of two symmetry-related, lumen-exposed glutamate residues, Glu-122 and Glu-226. These two glutamates are targets for protonation during lumen acidification in excess light. Mutation of PsbS did not affect xanthophyll cycle pigment conversion or pool size. Plants containing PsbS mutations of both glutamates did not have any rapidly inducible nonphotochemical quenching (qE) and had similar chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime components as npq4-1, a psbS deletion mutant. The double mutant also lacked a characteristic leaf absorbance change at 535 nm (DeltaA535), and PsbS from these plants did not bind dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), a known inhibitor of qE. Mutation of only one of the glutamates had intermediate effects on qE, chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime component amplitudes, DCCD binding, and DeltaA535. Little if any differences were observed comparing the two single mutants, suggesting that the glutamates are chemically and functionally equivalent. Based on these results a bifacial model for the functional interaction of PsbS with photosystem II is proposed. Furthermore, based on the extent of qE inhibition in the mutants, photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching processes of photosystem II were associated with distinct chlorophyll fluorescence life-time distribution components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caffarri
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: Talila
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Golan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Krishna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Niyogi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008027:Light; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; C489731:NPQ4 protein, Arabidopsis; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll