title: Retinoic acid-induced differentiation into astrocytes and glutamatergic neurons is associated with expression of functional and activable phospholipase D.
abstract: Phospholipase D (PLD) activity in mammalian cells has been associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we investigated the expression of PLD during differentiation of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells (P19) into astrocytes and neurons. Retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation increased PLD1 and PLD2 mRNA levels and PLD activity that was responsive to phorbol myristate acetate. Various agonists of membrane receptors activated PLD in RA-differentiated cells. Glutamate was a potent activator of PLD in neurons but not in astrocytes, whereas noradrenaline and carbachol increased PLD activity only in astrocytes. P19 neurons but not astrocytes released glutamate in response to a depolarizing stimulus, confirming the glutamatergic phenotype of these neurons. These results indicate upregulation of PLD gene expression associated with RA-induced neural differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rujano
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Servitja
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ahumada
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Picatoste
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farrés
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sabrià
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin; C105606:phospholipase D2; D010739:Phospholipase D; C106801:phospholipase D1