title: Genetic diversity of Leptotrichia and description of Leptotrichia goodfellowii sp. nov., Leptotrichia hofstadii sp. nov., Leptotrichia shahii sp. nov. and Leptotrichia wadei sp. nov.
abstract: Sixty strains of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from human sources initially assigned to Leptotrichia buccalis (n=58) and 'Leptotrichia pseudobuccalis' (n=2) have been subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. Full-length 16S rDNA sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, RAPD, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, cellular fatty acid analysis and enzymic/biochemical tests supported the establishment of four novel Leptotrichia species from this collection, Leptotrichia goodfellowii sp. nov. (type strain LB 57(T)=CCUG 32286(T)=CIP 107915(T)), Leptotrichia hofstadii sp. nov. (type strain LB 23(T)=CCUG 47504(T)=CIP 107917(T)), Leptotrichia shahii sp. nov. (type strain LB 37(T)=CCUG 47503(T)=CIP 107916(T)) and Leptotrichia wadei sp. nov. (type strain LB 16(T)=CCUG 47505(T)=CIP 107918(T)). Light and electron microscopy showed that the four novel species were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods. L. goodfellowii produced arginine dihydrolase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, arginine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase. L. shahii produced alpha-arabinosidase. L. buccalis and L. goodfellowii fermented mannose and were beta-galactosidase-6-phosphate positive. L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii and L. wadei were beta-haemolytic. L. buccalis fermented raffinose. With L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii showed 3.8-5.5 % DNA-DNA relatedness, L. shahii showed 24.5-34.1 % relatedness, L. hofstadii showed 27.3-36.3 % relatedness and L. wadei showed 24.1-35.9 % relatedness. 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that L. hofstadii, L. shahii, L. wadei and L. goodfellowii each formed individual clusters with 97, 96, 94 and 92 % similarity, respectively, to L. buccalis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, POB 1052, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Emenike R K
authors.initials: ERK
authors.lastname: Eribe
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.|Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Paster
authors.affiliation: Division for Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, POB 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.|Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, POB 1052, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Dominique A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Caugant
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.|Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Floyd E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Dewhirst
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330, USA.
authors.forename: Verlyn K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Stromberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330, USA.
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, POB 1052, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D045183:Leptotrichia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S