The reaction of dimethyltin(IV) dichloride with thiamine diphosphate (H2TDP): synthesis and structure of [SnMe2(HTDP)(H2O)]Cl.H2O, and possibility of a hitherto unsuspected role of the metal cofactor in the mechanism of vitamin-B1-dependent enzymes.
The complex [SnMe(2)(HTDP)(H(2)O)]Cl.H(2)O, synthesized by reaction between dimethyltin(IV) dichloride and thiamine diphosphate hydrochloride (H(3)TDPCl) in water, was characterized by X-ray diffractometry and IR and Raman spectroscopy in the solid state, and by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P, (119)Sn and inverse-detection (1)H,(15)N HMBC) in aqueous solution. In the solid state the HTDP(-) anion chelates the metal via one oxygen atom of each phosphate group [Sn-O = 2.062(3), 2.292(3) A], and another oxygen atom belonging to the terminal phosphate links the SnMe(2)(2+) cations into chains. The tin atom has distorted octahedral coordination involving the trans methyl groups, the above-mentioned diphosphate oxygen atoms, and the oxygen atom of the coordinated water molecule. The thiamine moiety has F conformation. NMR studies suggest that the interaction between the organometallic cation and the HTDP(-) ligand persists in D(2)O solution, which is in keeping with the ESMS spectrum showing a peak corresponding to [SnMe(2)(HTDP)]. Both in the solid state and in solution, the acidic HTDP(-) proton in the complex is located on the N(1') atom of the pyrimidine ring. The enzymatic behavior of native pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1, PDC), obtained from baker's yeast, was compared in a coupled assay with that shown by the "SnMe(2)-holoenzyme" created by incubation of apoPDC with [SnMe(2)(HTDP)(H(2)O)]Cl.H(2)O. The SnMe(2)-holoenzyme exhibited about 34% of the activity of the native enzyme (with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 2.7 microM, as against 6.4 microM for native PDC), so confirming the very low specificity of PDC regarding the identity of its metal ion cofactor. In view of the observed protonation of N(1'), it is suggested that the role of divalent cations in the mechanism of thiamine-diphosphate-dependent enzymes may be not only to anchor the cofactor in its binding site but also to shift the acidic proton of HTDP(-) from the diphosphate group to N(1'); protonation of N(1') is widely believed to be important for enzyme function, but the origin of the proton has never been clarified.
Casas
José S
JS
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. qiscasas@usc.es
Castellano
Eduardo E
EE
Couce
María D
MD
Ellena
Javier
J
Sánchez
Agustín
A
Sánchez
José L
JL
Sordo
José
J
Taboada
Carmen
C
D002384:Catalysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D011767:Pyruvate Decarboxylase / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013831:Thiamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014001:Tin / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D009947:Organotin Compounds; D014867:Water; C039760:dimethyltin; D014001:Tin; D011767:Pyruvate Decarboxylase; D008274:Magnesium; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate; D013831:Thiamine