title: Effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on sleep architecture in parkinsonian patients.
abstract: Patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) often complain of disturbed sleep resulting from nighttime motor disabilities such as nocturnal akinesia, tremor and rigidity, motor behaviour during REM sleep or periodic leg movements (PLM) during sleep. Sleep may also be affected by dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs or coexisting depressive syndrome. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subthalamic nucleus (STN) effectively reduces PD motor disability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sleep architecture modifications after STN DBS. We assessed five patients (two men and three women, mean age 63.8+/-3.3 years, with a mean history of PD of 13.8+/-4.9 years) who underwent STN DBS. The mean levodopa equivalent dosage (LED) was 1010+/-318 mg before surgery and 116+/-93 mg 3 months after surgery. Polysomnography (PSG) with audiovisual recordings was performed on two separate nights, the first assessment in the week before surgery and the second 3 months after surgery. Three months after surgery, PSG showed an increase in total sleep time, in the longest period of uninterrupted sleep, and in the percentage of stage 3-4 NREM sleep, while there was a reduction of wakefulness after sleep onset. PLM, apnea-hyopnea index and REM sleep behaviour disorder were unaffected by STN DBS. STN DBS seems to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease because it improves the cardinal symptoms and also seems to improve sleep architecture.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine Center, Neurologic Clinic II, Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. alessandro.cicolin@unito.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicolin
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopiano
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zibetti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavella
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guastamacchia
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terreni
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Makrydakis
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fattori
authors.forename: Michele Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lanotte
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bergamasco
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mutani
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017286:Polysomnography; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017374:Paroxetine; D008140:Lorazepam; D020280:Sertraline