title: Effects of varying the holding temperature and interval from collection to freezing on post-thaw development of bovine embryos in vitro.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro development of frozen-thawed bovine embryos held at room temperature or refrigerated for 2, 6 or 12 h prior to freezing. After recovery, embryos were randomly assigned to be placed in holding media for 2 h (n=131), 6 h (n=136) or 12h (n=133) prior to freezing. Approximately one-half of the embryos were refrigerated (5 degrees C; n=203) while the remaining half were held at room temperature (22 degrees C; n = 197) until freezing. Embryos were frozen in 10% ethylene glycol and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, embryos were cultured for 72 h in Ham's F-10 media supplemented with 4% fetal bovine serum. Embryos were evaluated for quality and stage of development prior to freezing and after culture. At the end of culture, it was determined if each embryo had developed beyond the stage recorded prior to freezing and if the embryo had hatched from the zona pellucida. The percentage of embryos that developed during culture was greater (P < 0.001) for Grade 1 (81%) than for either Grade 2 (65%) or Grade 3 (48%) embryos. Likewise, a greater proportion (P < 0.001) of Grade 1 embryos developed to hatched blastocysts (60%) than either Grade 2 (40%) or Grade 3 (24%) embryos. The holding temperature from collection to freezing did not influence embryo development, regardless of the interval from embryo collection to freezing. The proportion of embryos that developed to expanded blastocysts and hatched was greater (P < 0.005) for embryos held 2 h prior to freezing (64%) than for embryos held for 12 h (33%). Hatching rate of embryos held 6 h prior to freezing (54%) tended (P < 0.08) to be lower than the hatching percentage for embryos held for 2 h. Thus, post-thaw embryonic development was impaired the longer embryos were held prior to freezing and temperature during the interval from collection to freezing did not affect post-thaw development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Jousan
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Utt
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Beal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000662:veterinary*