title: Paternal exposure to agricultural pesticides and cause specific fetal death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between fetal death and paternal agricultural occupation in areas and time periods with different levels of use of agricultural pesticides.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1 473 146 stillbirths and births occurring in Spain between 1995 and 1999 were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The offspring of agricultural workers had the highest risk of fetal death from congenital anomalies in the southern and eastern area (where pesticide use is greatest) and the lowest risk in the rest of Spain. In both areas the offspring of agricultural workers had a similar excess risk of fetal death from the remaining causes of death. The relative risk of fetal death from congenital anomalies in infants conceived between April and September (the months of greater use of pesticides) in the southern and eastern area was 0.90 in manual workers and 1.62 in agricultural workers, compared to non-manual workers; in individuals who were conceived during the rest of the year, the relative risk was 0.87 and 0.85, respectively. In both periods the offspring of agricultural workers had an excess risk of fetal death from the remaining causes of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paternal agricultural work in the areas where pesticides are massively used increases the risk of fetal death from congenital anomalies. The risk is also increased for fetuses conceived during the time periods of maximum use of pesticides The higher risk of fetal death from the remaining causes of death in the offspring of agricultural workers seems unrelated to pesticide exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. enriqueregidor@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regidor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronda
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Domínguez
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000383:Agriculture; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000633:toxicity*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018812:Paternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D010575:Pesticides