title: Pathogenesis of lesions in late age-related macular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence that exists concerning the pathogenesis of lesions in late age-related macular disease (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of both experimental evidence and clinical observations that address these problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is good evidence that choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is due to a change in the balance of growth factors derived from the retinal pigment epithelial basolateral plasma membrane domain (retinal pigment epithelium). Retinal angiomatous proliferation may also have a similar pathogenesis involving the apical domain. Detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium is likely to be a consequence of increased resistance of the Bruch membrane to water flow due to deposition of lipids. Geographic atrophy is preceded by accumulation of autofluorescent material in the retinal pigment epithelium and possible causal relationships between the two have been demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is increasing understanding concerning the sequence of events that lead to those lesions causing loss of central vision in AMD. Therapeutic approaches that address the underlying mechanisms are more likely to succeed than current treatment options. Such an approach has already been initiated in the management of choroidal neovascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology (F.G.H.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Holz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pauleikhoff
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bird
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000209:etiology*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology