title: Selective imidazoline agonist moxonidine plus the ACE inhibitor ramipril in hypertensive patients with impaired insulin sensitivity: partners in a successful MARRIAGE?
abstract: Hypertension in combination with clinically overt diabetes mellitus is recognized as a particularly powerful combination of risk factors that greatly increases cardiovascular vulnerability. There is also evidence that presumed pre-diabetic conditions such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and compensatory hyperglycaemia may amplify overall cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension, especially when encountered as part of the condition known as metabolic syndrome X (Reaven's syndrome). The long-term benefits of antihypertensive therapy may be compromised if these drugs exert adverse effects on metabolic parameters such as insulin sensitivity, or if they promote a transition from pre-diabetes to overt diabetes. Class differences in the effects of antihypertensives on metabolic indices may therefore be an important consideration when choosing treatment for patients who exhibit these characteristics. Experience from clinical trials suggests that drugs that target the renin-angiotensin system may have metabolic advantages over drugs such as beta-blockers and diuretics, but this conclusion has not been proved definitively. Moxonidine, which selectively targets imidazoline type-1 receptors in the sympathetic vasomotor centres of the rostral-ventrolateral medulla, is an effective antihypertensive and has been reported to exert favourable metabolic effects in preclinical and clinical studies. The MARRIAGE study (Moxonidine And Ramipril Regarding Insulin And Glucose Evaluation) will extend these preliminary observations by comparing the effects of moxonidine and the ACE inhibitor ramipril--and the combination of both drugs--on metabolic and haemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertension and impaired fasting glycaemia. A description is provided of the design and conduct of MARRIAGE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. rayner@curie.uct.ac.za
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rayner
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054755:Imidazoline Receptors; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D017257:Ramipril / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000819:agonists; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007093:Imidazoles; D054755:Imidazoline Receptors; D011955:Receptors, Drug; C410887:imidazoline I1 receptors; C043482:moxonidine; D017257:Ramipril