title: Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection: a rare case of pulmonary and oral localization.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has increased as a complicating infection in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in countries bordering the Mediterranean sea. The clinical course as well as organ involvement of VL are often atypical in HIV positive subjects. In this study a case of VL with pulmonary and oral mucose localisation in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is reported. These findings, together with the presence of the parasite in the peripheral blood smear, confirm that in HIV positive patients the impaired immune system allows the spreading and the atypical localisation of the Leishmania amastigotes more easily than in immuno-competent individuals. In endemic areas and in HIV positive subjects a systemic and careful parasitological follow-up is necessary to ensure that any clinical form of leishmaniasis is not overlooked.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Catania University, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montineri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Rosa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuccarello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacobello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacobello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vinci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pulizia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fatuzzo
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications*; D008174:Lung Diseases, Parasitic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000469:parasitology; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000150:complications / Q000469:parasitology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000150:complications; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications