title: Evaluation of pH levels and calcium ion release in various calcium hydroxide endodontic dressings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate Ca(2+) release and pH of 3 calcium hydroxide-based products used routinely as intracanal dressings, as well as the new gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pH and Ca(2+) release were assessed using Calen with camphorated paramonochlorophenol, saline calcium hydroxide paste, LC paste (Lopes and Costa paste-calcium hydroxide with olive oil), and calcium hydroxide containing gutta-percha points. The materials were inserted in polyethylene tubes and immersed in deionized water. The pH variation and Ca(2+) release were monitored periodically for 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 72 hours, materials 1 and 2 raise the pH from 9.6 and 8.2 to 11.4 and 11.3, respectively, while a small change was observed for materials 3 and 4. The calcium concentration released from materials 1, 2, 3, and 4 after 72 hours was 6.54, 4.98, 1.31, and 1.74 mg/dL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calen plus camphorated paramonochlorophenol and saline calcium hydroxide paste exhibited the highest calcium release and pH levels.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flaviana Bombarda
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Andrade Ferreira
authors.forename: Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues
authors.initials: Pde A
authors.lastname: Silva E Souza
authors.forename: Mônica Sampaio
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: do Vale
authors.forename: Ivaldo Gomes
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: José Mauro
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Granjeiro
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002164:Camphor / Q000737:chemistry; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002733:Chlorophenols; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C420643:calen; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002164:Camphor; C029804:camphorated parachlorophenol; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002118:Calcium