title: Characterization of a bradykinin-hydrolyzing protease from the bovine lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate and characterize bovine lens endopeptidase activity that cleaves the Phe-Ser bond in peptide substrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protease activity in young bovine lens homogenate was measured using the Mca-(Ala(7),Lys(Dnp)(9))-bradykinin substrate. Degradation of bradykinin and other unlabeled peptide substrates was monitored by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column. The protease was purified by means of several chromatography steps. An in-gel tryptic digest of the purified protease was analyzed by using matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS and nanospray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QqToF MS). The specificity of the protease was determined with bradykinin and its analogues. Crystallin fragments isolated from aged bovine lenses were tested for their susceptibility to degradation by a newly identified endopeptidase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bradykinin hydrolyzing endopeptidase activity was localized mainly in the outer cortex of the lens. A characterization study showed that the purified protease was thiol and metal dependent. Peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of an in-gel tryptic digest matched the protein sequence of thimet oligopeptidase (TOP). The purified protease cleaved bradykinin specifically at Phe(5)-Ser(6) and neurotensin at Arg(8)-Arg(9). Basic or hydrophobic amino acids at P1 and P1' positions in the substrate were preferred over acidic residues. Enzyme activity was also inhibited by physiological levels of adenosine triphosphate (1 mM; ATP) and glutathione (3 mM; GSH). The crystallin fragments obtained from aged bovine lenses were cleaved by the purified enzyme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the presence of TOP in the bovine lens. Its unique substrate specificity and regulation of its activity by ATP and GSH suggest that TOP has an important role in peptide hydrolysis in the lens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Raghothama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaerkady
authors.forename: K Krishna
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000201:enzymology*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C022510:thimet oligopeptidase; D005978:Glutathione; D001920:Bradykinin