title: Effects of bisphosphonates on joint damage and bone loss in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examination of the effects of bisphosphonates on joint damage and generalized bone loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjuvant-arthritis was induced by injection of Mycobacterium butyricum into the footpad of the right hind paw of Lewis rats (8 animals/group) on day 0.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arthritic rats were treated with the vehicle (saline), etidronate or alendronate (subcutaneously, daily 5 times a week for 3 weeks from day 1 to day 21). Experiment-1: Etidronate (0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/kg) or alendronate (0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 mg/kg), Experiment-2: Etidronate (2.5, 5, 10mg/ kg) or alendronate (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 mg/kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the adjuvant-injected side of the hind limbs, paw swelling was evaluated at 1-week intervals, and bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal tibia, histopathology and radiographical findings in the tibio-tarsal region were evaluated at the time of sacrifice (on day 21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all treatment schedules, both bisphosphonates significantly prevented paw swelling and bone loss. Alendronate reduced paw swelling at higher doses (over 0.1 mg/ kg) compared with its effect on BMD decrease (over 0.001 mg/kg). In contrast, etidronate reduced paw swelling and joint damage at doses similar to those (over 2.5 mg/kg) prevented BMD decrease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both etidronate and alendronate are effective in reducing arthritic damage, but their effective dose ranges for inflammatory responses and BMD decrease clearly differ; i.e., the etidronate dose ranges for anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive effects are similar, whereas the dose range for anti-inflammatory effects of alendronate is 100-fold higher than that for its anti-resorptive effects.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-98 Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan. hharada@sumitomopharm.co.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsumata
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015519:Bone Density; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D012968:Etidronic Acid; D019386:Alendronate