title: [Ocular involvement in systemic Loa-Loa filariasis. Case report and review of the literature].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Within the last few years there is more and more evidence for nonspecific ocular symptoms caused by "exotic" pathogens. We herewith report another case of such an infection to underline the increasing importance and diagnostic relevance even of rare diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 35-year-old female German patient presented with recurrent left retrobulbar "feeling of pressure" after a 6-month-stay in Central Africa 5 years ago. In addition, she reported on repeated swelling of the skin and joints of her hands and arms. Multiple ophthalmologic and rheumatologic investigations had been carried out without diagnostic results. Her ophthalmologist referred her with the presumed diagnosis of a subconjunctival worm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Slit-lamp biomicroscopy confirmed the original suspicion, and after topical anesthesia a female Loa-Loa worm was easily removed with forceps through a conjunctival incision. The general examination showed symptoms of systemic infection (calabar swelling, eosinophilia). Classification and initiation of treatment with diethylcarbamazine and mebendazole were carried out by the University Institute of Parasitology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loa-Loa is a parasitic infection endemic in the tropical rain forests of Western, Central, and Eastern Africa. It is transmitted by the Chrysops fly. An increasing number of oculosystemic infections in non-African patients with Loa-Loa are being published. Therefore, any patient with an unclassifiable eye affection should also be investigated for those rare pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Universität, Bonn. axel.jaksche@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaksche
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wessels
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Loeffler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000350:Africa, Central; D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D005369:Filaricides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008117:Loa / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008118:Loiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D005369:Filaricides; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine