title: Elevation of cell adhesion molecule immunoreactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex in bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroimaging reports of increases in signal hyperintensities in white and deep gray matter and other work indicate that there might be an inflammatory response in affective disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The microvascular immunoreactivity of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was measured with image analysis in postmortem tissue from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from 15 unipolar and 15 bipolar subjects and compared with each other and with 15 subjects with schizophrenia and 15 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 immunoreactivity in gray and white matter of the ACC in bipolar subjects was increased compared with control subjects (gray: p =.001; white: p <.001) and schizophrenic subjects (gray: p =.016; white: p =.025) and modestly increased in white matter compared with unipolar subjects (p =.049). No such differences were found in the DLPFC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with the presence of an inflammatory response in the ACC in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: I Nicol
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Ferrier
authors.forename: Rajesh N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kalaria
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1