title: Tibolone: a unique version of hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was obtained from a MEDLINE search (1966-July 2003) and from Organon International. The bibliographies of reviewed literature were searched for additional studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies and review articles evaluating tibolone were evaluated. Since tibolone has been available for many years in Europe and has an extensive literature base, this review emphasizes information from studies published after 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tibolone possesses estrogenic activity and is effective for treating the symptoms and osteoporosis associated with menopause. While the impact of tibolone on the risk of breast cancer or cardiovascular and thromboembolic events is not well defined, its unique pharmacologic profile may provide a safer alternative to traditional hormone replacement therapy. Although widely used for many years in other countries, tibolone has not been approved for use in the US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of recent trials have led to questions regarding the safety of established hormone replacement therapies in peri- and postmenopausal women. Tibolone appears to be an attractive alternative to these traditional regimens. Additional studies will determine whether the promise of increased safety with tibolone will be realized.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Mercy Family Medicine Residency Program, Mason City, IA 50401-2859, USA. john-swegle@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Swegle
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D009652:Norpregnenes; C027385:tibolone