title: Conception and pregnancy during the Persian Gulf War: the risk to women veterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To enumerate Gulf-War (GW) exposed conceptions and to compare reproductive outcomes of GW-exposed pregnancies with postwar conceptions of women Gulf War veterans (GWV) and women nondeployed veterans (NDV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Deployment data and inpatient records from 153 military hospitals identified servicewomen who were pregnant between August 1990 and May 1992 and belonged to military units that were deployed to the Gulf War. Postal surveys were used in 1997 and 1998 to elicit reproductive history; responses were validated against military hospitalization records. Reproductive outcomes of GW-exposed pregnancies were compared with postwar conceptions of women GWVs and NDVs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3285 women had a pregnancy-related admission; of these, 1558 completed the questionnaire. Self-reported reproductive outcomes and dates, gestational data, and individual deployment dates identified 415 Gulf War-exposed pregnancies, 298 GWV postwar conceptions, and 427 NDV conceptions. Compared with NDV conceptions, adverse reproductive outcomes were similar among GW-exposed pregnancies. However, spontaneous abortions [NDV: 9.1%, GWV postwar: 22.8%, adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9, 4.6] and ectopic pregnancies (NDV: 1.4%, GWV postwar: 10.7%, adjusted OR=7.70, 95% CI, 3.0, 20) were elevated for GWV postwar conceptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GW-exposed conceptions and nondeployed conceptions had similar outcomes. However, GWV postwar conceptions were at increased risk for ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA. haraneta@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Maria Rosario G
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Araneta
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kamens
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zau
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Gastañaga
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schlangen
authors.forename: Katia M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hiliopoulos
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006772:Hospitals, Military; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018923:Persian Gulf Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014857:Warfare; D016387:Women's Health