title: [Iodine nutrition in school children of four areas of Chile during the year 2001].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Chile, the recommendation for salt iodination was reduced from 100 to 40 ppm, after detecting high urinary iodine excretion in school age children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess iodine nutrition in school age children after the modification of salt iodination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iodine nutrition was studied in 3712 school age Chilean children of primary level in 4 areas (Calama, Santiago, Temuco and Punta Arenas) through palpation of thyroid gland, urinary iodine excretion and iodine concentration in salt for human consumption of the surveyed areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 6.4% goiter prevalence was found (5.9% in boys and 6.8% in girls). Grade Ia goiter was more common (5.0%), without detecting differences between areas (7.3% in Calama, 5.9% in Santiago, 5.9 in Temuco and 6.7 in Punta Arenas). Iodine concentration in salt for human consumption of the areas was adequate according to the recent modification of Chilean legislation (25.4 mgI/g salt in Calama, 36.2 in Santiago, 27.7 in Temuco and 33.4 in Punta Arenas). Urinary iodine excretion was very high according to recommendation in boys and girls (2838 and 2852 mgI/g salt in Calama, 700 and 837 in Santiago, 1318 and 1438 in Temuco, 407 and 312 in Punta Arenas).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endemic goiter is not longer a problem in Chile. Salt iodination is in agreement with present legislation. However, urinary iodine excretion increased in Calama and Temuco, did not change in Santiago and decreased only in Punta Arenas in spite of the changes in the legislation. It is necessary to investigate the causes of the high urinary iodine excretions detected in school age children, and it is very important to have a continuous surveillance of iodine nutrition in Chile.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Endocrinología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 138-11, Macul 5540-Macul, Santiago. smuzzo@inta.cl
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muzzo
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Fresia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biolley
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leiva
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006043:Goiter, Endemic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D007455:Iodine