title: Disseminated tumor cells homing into rats' liver: a new possible mechanism of HCC recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurring and attempt to propose a new recurrent mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthotopic liver allotransplantation was performed on male rats with HCC- induced by diethylnitrosamine using female donors. Metastatic tumors in transplanted livers were obtained. A DNA probe that exhibits specificity for the rat Y chromosome was generated by using a set of primers specific to murine sry gene. In situ hybridization (ISH) for Y chromosome was used to detected the origin of HCC recurring. Male HCC tissue was designed to be positive control. ISH on female tissue and using non-labeled with DIG probe was thought to be negative control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive marks were seen through ISH for Y chromosome in recurrent tumor tissue and positive control. No signal was detected in both negative controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent HCC after liver transplantation originated from disseminated tumor cells in recipients. Extrahepatic cells homing into liver may be a new HCC recurrence mechanism. Likewise, it implicates that this mechanism is responsible for HCC recurring after hepatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Gen
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guang-Shun
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xue-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Feng-Qi
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014998:Y Chromosome