title: Porcine dermis interposition graft for repair of high grade anterior compartment defects with or without concomitant pelvic organ prolapse procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent literature suggests that graft interposition may decrease the incidence of cystocele recurrence. We describe our experience with porcine dermis interposition grafts for the repair of high grade cystoceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all women who underwent surgical repair of high grade cystocele. Prolapse was graded with the Baden-Walker and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitation systems, and all patients were evaluated with multichannel videourodynamics. Concomitant stress urinary incontinence was corrected with a pubovaginal sling and vault prolapse was corrected with iliococcygeus vault suspension. Postoperatively patients were evaluated at 2 weeks, 2 months, 6 months and annually thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 70 patients underwent cystocele repair with a porcine dermis interposition graft. Concomitant procedures included a pubovaginal sling in 65 patients and vaginal vault suspension in 50. Mean followup was 24 months. There were no intraoperative complications. Of the patient 59 (91%) are currently dry. One patient had recurrent vault prolapse without cystocele (C -2), which was successfully repaired with abdominal sacral colpopexy. Six patients (8.6%) experienced recurrent grade II (Ba 0) cystocele but continued to be asymptomatic. Three others (4.3%) had recurrence of grade III (Ba +2) cystocele and elected not to undergo reoperation. Two of 6 de novo rectoceles (grade II, Ap and -1 and Bp 0) were repaired with site specific repairs. Superficial vaginal wound separation in 1 case was successfully treated conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of high grade cystocele interposition of porcine dermis represents a successful and safe treatment option. Cystocele recurrence is typically low grade and it frequently may not require additional surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomelsky
authors.forename: Delbert C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rudy
authors.forename: Roger R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dmochowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*