title: N-acetylcysteine decreases lactate signal intensities in liver tissue and improves liver function in septic shock patients, as shown by magnetic resonance spectroscopy: extended case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to improve splanchnic blood flow in experimental studies. This report evaluates the effects of NAC on liver perfusion and lactate signal intensities in the liver tissue of septic shock patients using proton magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Furthermore, the monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test was used to investigate hepatic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five septic shock patients received 150 mg/kg body weight NAC as an intravenous bolus injection over 15 min. Lidocaine was injected both prior to and following NAC administration in order to determine MEGX formation. Measurements (hemodynamics, oxygen transport-related variables, blood samples for lactate, liver-related markers) were performed 1 hour before and 1 hour after NAC injection. In addition to the proton magnetic resonance imaging patients received two proton magnetic resonance spectra, one prior to and one 30 min subsequent to the onset of the NAC infusion at a 1.5 Tesla clinical scanner, for measurement of liver perfusion and liver lactate signal intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following NAC infusion, the lactate signal intensity in the liver tissue showed a median decrease of 89% (11-99%), there was a median increase in liver perfusion of 41% (-14 to 559%), and the MEGX serum concentration increased three times (1.52-5.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A decrease in the lactate signal intensity in the liver tissue and an increase in the MEGX serum concentration and in liver perfusion might indicate improved liver function as a result of NAC administration. Patients with compromised hepatosplanchnic function, such as patients with septic shock due to peritonitis, may therefore benefit from NAC therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Charité, Campus Mitte, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ortrud Vargas
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohring
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oellerich
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kox
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spies
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007773:Lactates; D008012:Lidocaine; C001173:monoethylglycinexylidide; D000111:Acetylcysteine