title: Comparisons of envelope through 5B sequences of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses indicates recombination occurs in the envelope and membrane genes.
abstract: A 1.78 kb sequence, including the E, M, 5a and 5b genes, and the intergenic region between the M and 5a genes, of six US strains of infectious bronchitis (corona)virus (IBV) were sequenced and compared to the published sequences for two additional strains. The overall identities as determined through pairwise analyses of nucleotide sequences of the entire 1.78kb region ranged from 90 to 99%, with the 5b open reading frame (ORF) having the greatest identity (94-99%) while the identities of the E, 5a and M ORFs ranged from 87 to 100%. Nucleotide sequencing of recent field isolates from Alabama (Ala1) and California (Cal3) revealed distinct shifts in homology in the M gene, indicating two apparent recombination events between the Holland 52/Mass41-like strain and an Ark-like strain, both origins of commonly used vaccine strains. Putative sites of recombination could also be identified in both the E and M ORFs of laboratory strains of IBV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Judy Elaine
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Aaron Cameron
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rainer
authors.forename: Rebecca Lynn
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Woolcock
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoerr
authors.forename: Ellen Whited
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Collisson
mesh_terms: D000407:Alabama; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002140:California; D002642:Chick Embryo; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D017931:DNA Primers; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins