title: For whom does it work? Moderators of the effects of written emotional disclosure in a randomized trial among women with chronic pelvic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although written emotional disclosure has potential as a stress management intervention for people with health problems, the main (group) effects of disclosure in medical populations are limited. This study sought to identify individual difference moderators of the effects of written disclosure among women with chronic pelvic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized trial, 48 women with chronic pelvic pain completed 3 individual difference measures and then wrote for 3 days about stressful consequences of their pain (disclosure) or positive events (control). Health status was assessed at baseline and 2 months after writing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main effect group comparisons indicated that disclosure writing resulted in significantly lower evaluative pain intensity ratings than control writing at follow-up, but there were no main effects on other outcome variables (sensory or affective pain, disability, affect). Three baseline individual difference measures, however, significantly moderated group effects. Compared with control writing, disclosure led to less disability among women with higher baseline ambivalence over emotional expression or higher catastrophizing, and to increased positive affect among women with higher baseline negative affect. Ambivalence, but not catastrophizing, was independent of negative affect in its moderation effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the main effects of writing about the stress of pelvic pain are limited, women with higher baseline ambivalence about emotional expression or negative affect appear to respond more positively to this intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lumley
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012650:Self Disclosure; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014956:Writing