title: Clinical and urodynamic evaluation after ureterocystoplasty and kidney transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed clinical and surgical results in renal transplantation candidates with voiding dysfunction and end stage renal disease who underwent bladder augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 8 patients 3 to 30 years old with dilated ureters, voiding dysfunction and end stage renal disease who underwent renal transplantation following bladder augmentation from 1995 to 2003. The etiology of bladder dysfunction was neurogenic bladder in 3 patients, posterior urethral valves in 3 and vesicoureteral reflux in 2. All cases were assessed by ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography and urodynamic studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean followup was 50 months (range 4 to 93). Previous urodynamic evaluation revealed a bladder capacity of 75 to 294 ml (mean +/- SD 167.38 +/- 77.32) and an intravesical pressure of 28 to 100 mm H2O (mean 51.25 +/- 22.17). Urodynamic study after augmentation and kidney transplantation showed a bladder capacity of 191 to 400 ml (mean 335.25 +/- 99.01) and an intravesical pressure of 15 to 35 mm H2O (mean 28 +/- 9.45). Mean serum creatinine was 1.65 mg/dl (range 0.8 to 2.5). All patients remained continent. Three patients with neurogenic bladder empty the bladder by clean intermittent catheterization and the others empty by the Valsalva maneuver. None of the grafts were lost and the most common complication was asymptomatic urinary tract infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder augmentation is a well-known procedure for low capacity and poorly compliant bladders even in candidates for a renal transplant. Ureterocystoplasty combines the benefits common to all enterocystoplasties without adding to complications or risks.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. wnahas@uol.com.br
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucon
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzucchi
authors.forename: Iaonnis M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Antonopoulos
authors.forename: Affonso C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Piovesan
authors.forename: Elias David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Luiz E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ianhez
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arap
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics