title: Subpopulation of store-operated Ca2+ channels regulate Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in non-excitable cells.
abstract: Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) is a well characterized activity in skeletal and cardiac muscles mediated by the ryanodine receptors. The present study demonstrates CICR in the non-excitable parotid acinar cells, which resembles the mechanism described in cardiac myocytes. Partial depletion of internal Ca2+ stores leads to a minimal activation of Ca2+ influx. Ca2+ influx through this pathway results in an explosive mobilization of Ca2+ from the majority of the stores by CICR. Thus, stimulation of parotid acinar cells in Ca2+ -free medium with 0.5 microm carbachol releases approximately 5% of the Ca2+ mobilizable by 1 mm carbachol. Addition of external Ca2+ induced the same Ca2+ release observed in maximally stimulated cells. Similar results were obtained by a short treatment with 2.5-10 microm cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump. The Ca2+ release induced by the addition of external Ca2+ was largely independent of IP(3)Rs because it was reduced by only approximately 30% by the inhibition of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors with caffeine or heparin. Measurements of Ca2+ -activated outward current and [Ca2+](i) suggested that most CICR triggered by Ca2+ influx occurred away from the plasma membrane. Measurement of the response to several concentrations of cyclopiazonic acid revealed that Ca2+ influx that regulates CICR is associated with a selective portion of the internal Ca2+ pool. The minimal activation of Ca2+ influx by partial store depletion was confirmed by the measurement of Mn2+ influx. Inhibition of Ca2+ influx with SKF96365 or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate prevented activation of CICR observed on addition of external Ca2+. These findings provide evidence for activation of CICR by Ca2+ influx in non-excitable cells, demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for Ca2+ influx in triggering CICR, and indicate that CICR in non-excitable cells resembles CICR in cardiac myocytes with the exception that in cardiac cells Ca2+ influx is mediated by voltage-regulated Ca2+ channels whereas in non-excitable cells Ca2+ influx is mediated by store-operated channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muallem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D036563:Cyclic ADP-Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D036563:Cyclic ADP-Ribose; D002217:Carbachol; D002118:Calcium