title: The effect of grape-seed extract on 24 h energy intake in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since grape-seed extract has been shown to stimulate lipolysis in vitro and reduce food intake in rats, we assessed the efficacy of grape-seed extract with respect to energy intake (EI) and satiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study, 51 subjects (age 18-65 y, body mass index 22-30 kg/m2) ate an ad libitum lunch and dinner twice in the University Restaurant for 3 days. Standard breakfasts and snacks were provided. Supplements were taken 30-60 min prior to each meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total study population, no difference in 24 h EI was found between the grape-seed extract and placebo. However, in the subgroup of subjects (n=23) with an energy requirement > or =the median of 7.5 MJ/day, EI was reduced by 4% (DeltaEI 352.1 kJ/24 h, P=0.05) after grape-seed extract compared to placebo treatment. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in macronutrient composition, attitude towards eating, satiety, mood or tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grape seed reduced 24 h EI, with on average 4% in subjects who had an energy requirement > or =7.5 MJ/day, without further effects on satiety, mood or tolerance. These findings suggest that grape seed could be effective in reducing 24 h EI in normal to overweight dietary unrestrained subjects, and could, therefore, play a significant role in body-weight management.
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University, Human Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands. N.Vogels@HB.Unimaas.NL
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vogels
authors.forename: I M T
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Nijs
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Westerterp-Plantenga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts