title: A cross-sectional study on expression of anger and factors associated with criminal recidivism in prisoners with prior offences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine demographical characteristics leading to crime recidivism and define anger levels and anger expression manners for those who re-commit crime.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the literate inmates in Izmit Closed Penitentiary were included in this cross-sectional study. The prisoners were asked to respond to State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Their socio-demographic data were collected and a questionnaire was given to them to determine their state of imprisonment, sentence, nature of the crime in which they were involved, their criminal history, their relationship with inmates and prison staff and substance and alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 438 prisoners, 302 (68.9%) responded to the questionnaires. Crime recidivism among the study cohort was observed to be 37.4%. Mean trait anger, anger out and anger in scores were significantly higher in prisoners with criminal recidivism in comparison with those who did not have prior criminal records. However, mean anger control scores for prisoners with or without criminal recidivism were similar. Unemployment, education level completed at secondary school or below, having committed a crime under the influence of alcohol or narcotics, having been involved in prison fights, having resisted police officers, caused damage in their vicinity when angry and violent crimes were all found to be possible causes of criminal recidivism. Educational level completed at secondary school or below, getting into fights with other prisoners, unemployment and resisting police officers were determined to be the strongest indicators to predict criminal recidivism when all variables were considered according to a logistic regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be proposed that those who have problems with officials or hostile towards others constitute a risk group for criminal recidivism. If prisoners with criminal recidivism can be helped to identify and control their anger, their risk of committing a new crime can be minimised.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Izmit, Turkey. aytul@mail.koc.net
authors.forename: Aytül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corapçioğlu
authors.forename: Sarper
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003417:Criminal Psychology / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology