title: [New immunological weapons for medicine in the 21st Century: biological therapy based on the use of the latest generation monoclonal antibodies].
abstract: The fusion of a murine B cell and a myeloma cell generates a hybridoma that produces monoclonal antibody (mAb). These murine mAb induce the HAMA (human anti-mouse antibodies) response. Murine mAb have been modified by genetic engineering, producing molecules with a higher proportion of human protein. At present, chimeric, humanized and fully human mAb are available. mAb block interactions between target molecules and their ligands or trigger the lyses of mAb-coated tumor cells. Numerous mAb have been developed using the recombinant DNA technology and several are available in the market. Trastuzumab, against HER2/neu, is useful in breast cancer; rituximab, against CD20 in B lymphocytes is useful in lymphoma; alemtuzumah, against CD52 is used in lymphoma and leukemia; daclizumab and basiliximab block the IL-2 receptor interaction and reduce acute rejection in kidney transplantation; abciximab, an antagonist of GPIIb/IIIa platelet receptor, is used in patients undergoing acute coronary syndromes. In autoimmunity diseases, blocking tumor necrosis factor by infliximab and adalimumab has demonstrated excellent results. Thus, infliximab is useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis while adalimumab is the first fully human mAb available for RA. Infliximab and adalimumab reduce signs and symptoms in RA and they also interfere with progression of joint damage. Finally, the direct benefits of antagonist treatment can occur at the expense of a major adverse effect in some other biological function.
authors.affiliation: Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile. jaguillo@machi.med.uchile.cl
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Aguillón
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dotte
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruzat
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: María Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salazar-Onfray
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuchacovich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha