title: Combined local bladder hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of high-grade superficial bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of combined local bladder hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with high-grade (G3) superficial bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with G3 bladder tumors (Stage Ta or T1) were treated with combined intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin-C and local radiofrequency hyperthermia of the bladder wall. The patients were treated with either a prophylactic protocol (40 mg mitomycin-C) after complete transurethral resection of all tumors or with an ablative protocol (80 mg mitomycin-C) when visible tumor was seen on video-cystoscopy or bladder biopsies were positive for carcinoma in situ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined chemo-thermotherapy was administered to 52 patients with high-grade superficial bladder cancer (40 patients with Stage T1 tumor, 11 with Ta, and 3 with concomitant or isolated carcinoma in situ). At a median follow-up of 15.2 months (mean 23, range 6 to 90), no stage progression to T2 or disease-related mortality had occurred. The bladder preservation rate was 86.5%. The prophylactic protocol was administered to 24 patients. After a mean follow-up of 35.3 months, 15 patients (62.5%) were recurrence free. The bladder preservation rate was 95.8%. The ablative protocol was administered to 28 patients. Complete ablation of the tumor was accomplished in 21 patients (75%). After a mean follow-up of 20 months, 80.9% of these patients were recurrence free. The bladder preservation rate for the ablative group was 78.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined local bladder hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy has a beneficial prophylactic effect in patients with G3 superficial bladder cancer. Ablation of high-grade bladder tumors is feasible, achieving a complete response in about three quarters of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Gofrit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pode
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sidi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nativ
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Leib
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naspro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D016685:Mitomycin