title: Effect of coconut cake on the bacterial enzyme activity in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced colon cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colon cancer is one of the most common forms of malignant tumors in humans, and its incidence is increasing. Since the intestinal microflora is directly in contact with the colonic cells, the enzymes of the bacterial microflora may also play a role in colon carcinogenesis. We studied the activity of bacterial enzymes in experimental colon cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty milligrams per kilogram body weight of 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) was administered subcutaneously once a week for first 15 weeks and then discontinued. Coconut cake (25%) was mixed in the diet and given to 30 rats to study the diet effect throughout the experimental period. After 30 weeks, the macroscopic findings in the colon as well as the incidence of tumors in 30 rats was recorded in each group and the activity of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase was estimated in the tissues, colon and fecal contents of 10 rats per group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average number of tumors in the colon as well as the incidence of cancer was significantly increased in DMH-treated rats which was markedly reduced on supplementing coconut cake. DMH injections significantly elevated both the activities of beta-glucuronidase (distal colon, distal intestine, liver and colon contents) and mucinase (colon and fecal contents) as compared to the control rats. The increase in beta-glucuronidase activity may augment the hydrolysis of glucuronide conjugates, liberating the toxins, while the increase in mucinase activity may enhance the hydrolysis of the protective mucins in the colon. Coconut cake supplementation to DMH-treated rats significantly decreased the incidence and number of tumors as well as the activity of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coconut cake has a protective effect against DMH induced colon cancer by virtue of its ability to lower the activities of the microbial enzymes beta-glucuronidase and mucinase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India. nalininam@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Namasivayam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nalini
authors.forename: Vaiyapuri
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manju
authors.forename: Venugopal P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D003059:Cocos / Q000737:chemistry*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations; D005966:Glucuronidase; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases; C100002:hyaluronate lyase; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine