title: [Functional role of dopamine D4 receptor in schizophrenia].
abstract: D4 is the last receptor cloned among D2 receptor subtypes. Since clozapine has a high affinity to D4 receptors that exist abundantly in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, it is expected that the atypical clinical profiles of clozapine are associated with its blocking action to D4 receptors. Although D4 receptor functions have not been fully investigated, cognitive function of the brain may be associated with D4 receptors. D4 antagonists have only a weak inhibitory effect on the hyperactivity elicited by psychostimulants but induce no catalepsy or prolactin secretion. Previous positive studies on the elevation of the D4 receptors in the striatum of schizophrenia as well as on the association between D4 receptor polymorphism and schizophrenia have been followed by negative findings. Two D4 antagonists (L-745,879 and fananserine) failed to show clinical efficacy in schizophrenia. One of the major difficulties in D4 research is that no selective D4 ligands are available. Although D4 receptors may not play a major role in schizophrenia, they are expected to have a certain effect on frontotemporal function, such as cognition and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: University of the Air, Division of Health Sciences, 2-11, Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba, 261-8586 Japan.
authors.forename: Jun'ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Semba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D015195:Drug Design; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4