title: Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta and matrix metalloproteinases by estrogen and prolactin in breast cancer cells.
abstract: Hormones, estrogen and prolactin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) may modulate breast cancer progression. The goal of this research was to examine the regulation of expression of TGF-beta and MMPs (MMP-1, 2, 9) by estrogen and prolactin, independently and in combination, at physiological doses, and at doses stimulating cancer cell (T47D) proliferation in vitro. Prolactin, and estrogen synergistically, and similarly, inhibited the expression of TGF-beta and MMPs at physiological concentrations without altering cell proliferation, indicating a beneficial role of the hormones. The growth stimulating concentration of prolactin, but not estrogen, also inhibited the TGF-beta and MMP expression.
authors.affiliation: Biology and Chemistry/Biochemistry, Georgian Court College, 900 Lakewood Avenue, Lakewood, NJ 08701, USA. philips@georgian.edu
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Karyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFadden
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D011388:Prolactin; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases