title: The learning curve in sentinel node biopsy: the ALMANAC experience.
abstract: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a minimally invasive procedure to stage the axilla in patients with breast cancer. Like any new surgical procedure, it is associated with a learning curve. This article describes the learning curve as part of the ALMANAC trial. The first phase of this trial is a validation phase in which surgeons perform SNB followed by an immediate axillary dissection in a consecutive series of 40 patients with invasive breast cancer. Each surgeon completes a mandatory program of proctored training during this phase. Surgeons who achieve a localization rate of 90% or more and a false-negative rate of 5% or less are eligible to proceed to the randomized phase. All 13 surgeons who completed 40 procedures as part of the validation phase of the ALMANAC trial achieved the set target. This study shows that a standardized training program allows surgeons to achieve a satisfactory localization rate and an acceptable false-negative rate after 40 SNBs.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dayalan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mansel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla / Q000473:pathology; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000193:education