title: Benefits and challenges of nurse prescribing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 1999, all health visitors and district nurses in the United Kingdom (UK) have received additional education to permit their registration as independent prescribers from a limited list of medicinal products. Little research has investigated how more than 20 000 health visitor and district nurse prescribers have implemented their new role since the evaluation of the pilot sites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to describe prescribing practices of health visitors and district nurses, the factors (contextual and professional) which enable and facilitate nurse prescribing, and views about the Nurse Prescribers' Formulary.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mail survey was conducted of all health visitors and district nurses working in three trusts in southern England. A 74% response rate was achieved (n = 91).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most respondents prescribed less than three times a week, with district nurses prescribing significantly more than health visitors (P </= 0.001). Over two-thirds of the sample found nurse prescribing at least moderately helpful to their professional role and over four-fifths reported that they were more than moderately confident nurse prescribers. A range of information sources was identified as helpful, regarding both new products and for continuing educational needs. Over two-thirds reported that the current Nurse Prescribers' Formulary did not cover their prescribing needs, and a number of factors were identified as hindering prescribing. Most respondents said that their general practitioner/primary care team was at least moderately supportive of their prescribing role.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey was conducted in three primary care trusts in southern England, which may be unrepresentative of trusts elsewhere in UK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of reported prescribing by health visitors and district nurses in this study indicates that they are not acting as substitute prescribers for general practitioners of the products in the limited formulary. Implementation of a major role change such as nurse prescribing requires a number of conditions, including adequate education/preparation, a formulary that meets practitioners' needs, and acceptance by the practitioners themselves.
authors.affiliation: Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK. alison.while@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: While
authors.forename: Kathryn S M
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Biggs
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009726:Nurses; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011637:Public Health Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom