Modifying chromatin to permit steroid hormone receptor-dependent transcription.
Lipophilic hormones, including steroids, exert their physiological effects through binding to high-affinity superfamily of steroid hormone receptor (SR) proteins that function as ligand-dependent DNA binding transcription factors. To date, SR proteins are among a few transcription factors shown to directly interact with higher order chromatin structures to regulate gene expression. To perturb chromatin, SRs employ enzymatic multicomplexes that can either remodel or modify chromatin. Here we examine the current state of knowledge concerning multicomplex chromatin remodeling/modification machines and SR-dependent transcription. We will focus on the role of these protein-protein and chromatin-protein interactions in vivo with the MMTV promoter as a primary model. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence implicating chaperone proteins and proteasome degradation machinery in SR-mediated gene regulation within chromatin.
Kinyamu
H Karimi
HK
Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 Alexander Drive, PO Box 12233 (MD E4-06), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Archer
Trevor K
TK
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008745:Methylation; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
D006657:Histones; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D025801:Ubiquitin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D006655:Histone Deacetylases