title: Effectiveness of multidisciplinary patient counselling in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors through nonpharmacological intervention: results from the Healthy Heart Program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of lifestyle modification in reducing physiological cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors remains controversial because changes in patient behaviour following CVD prevention counseling have failed to correlate with or impact reductions in physiological variables.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether nonpharmacological CVD prevention counselling significantly reduces behavioural and physiological risk factors, and to examine correlations between changes in these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, dyslipidemic individuals with or at risk of developing CVD completed CVD risk factor questionnaires. At baseline and three months, participants submitted dietary logs, self-classified their readiness for behaviour change for eight lifestyles, and had their blood lipid profiles, weight and height assessed. Following CVD risk factor screening, lower and higher risk participants were recommended for multidisciplinary group counselling (GC) or group plus individual counselling (GIC), respectively. A prospective time series design assessed behavioural and physiological risk factor changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants progressed forward (P<0.01) through the stage of change continuum for all behaviours. GIC participants progressed to a higher average stage of behaviour change for achieving optimal body weight (P<0.01), drinking less alcohol (P<0.05) and controlling blood pressure (P<0.05). Significant reductions in body mass index (2.1% and 1.9%), total cholesterol (7.0% and 5.5%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (6.2% and 5.4%), total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (5.1% and 3.8%) and triglyceride levels (10.8% and 8.5%) were observed in GC and GIC participants, respectively. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between concurrent changes in lifestyle behaviour and physiological risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidisciplinary CVD prevention counseling positively influenced participant readiness for lifestyle behaviour change which translated into significant reductions in several physiological risk factors.
authors.affiliation: The Niagara Clinical Teaching and Research Centre, Hotel Dieu Health Sciences Hospital, St Catharines, Ontario.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Barbara G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009864:Ontario; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides