title: Effect of intense wrestling exercise on leucocytes and adhesion molecules in adolescent boys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In adults, exercise is a powerful and natural stimulator of immune cells and adhesion molecules. Far less is known about exercise responses during childhood and adolescence and whether or not exercise in "real life" activities of healthy adolescents influences immune responses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if strenuous exercise leads to significant changes in leucocyte number and adhesion molecule expression in adolescent boys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven healthy, high school boys, aged 14-18.5 years, performed a single, typical, 1.5 hour wrestling practice session. Blood was sampled before and after the session. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes in immune responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exercise led to significant (p<0.05) and robust increases in granulocytes, monocytes, and all lymphocyte subpopulations. The most significant changes were observed for natural killer cells (p<0.0005). The number of T cytotoxic and T helper cells expressing CD62L increased significantly (p<0.002 and p<0.0005 respectively), as did the number of T cytotoxic and T helper cells not expressing CD62L (p<0.003 and p<0.009 respectively). The density of CD62L on lymphocytes decreased significantly with exercise (p<0.0005), whereas CD11a (p<0.01) and CD54 (p<0.01) increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show that an intense wrestling bout in adolescent boys leads to profound stimulation of the immune system. The role of these common changes in overall immune status and the development of the immune and haemopoietic systems has yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nemet
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000502:physiology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D014952:Wrestling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019344:Lactic Acid