title: Diagnostic CT scans: assessment of patient, physician, and radiologist awareness of radiation dose and possible risks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the awareness level concerning radiation dose and possible risks associated with computed tomographic (CT) scans among patients, emergency department (ED) physicians, and radiologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients seen in the ED of a U.S. academic medical center during a 2-week period with mild to moderate abdominopelvic or flank pain and who underwent CT were surveyed after acquisition of the CT scan. Patients were asked whether or not they were informed about the risks, benefits, and radiation dose of the CT scan and if they believed that the scan increased their lifetime cancer risk. Patients were also asked to estimate the radiation dose for the CT scan compared with that for one chest radiograph. ED physicians who requested CT scans and radiologists who reviewed the CT scans were surveyed with similar questions and an additional question regarding the number of years in practice. The chi(2) test of independence was used to compare the three respondent groups regarding perceived increased cancer risk from one abdominopelvic CT scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven percent (five of 76) of patients reported that they were told about risks and benefits of their CT scan, while 22% (10 of 45) of ED physicians reported that they had provided such information. Forty-seven percent (18 of 38) of radiologists believed that there was increased cancer risk, whereas only 9% (four of 45) of ED physicians and 3% (two of 76) of patients believed that there was increased risk (chi(2)(2) = 41.45, P <.001). All patients and most ED physicians and radiologists were unable to accurately estimate the dose for one CT scan compared with that for one chest radiograph.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients are not given information about the risks, benefits, and radiation dose for a CT scan. Patients, ED physicians, and radiologists alike are unable to provide accurate estimates of CT doses regardless of their experience level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, TE-2, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Christoph I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Haims
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Monico
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: Howard P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Forman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients; D010820:Physicians; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011871:Radiology; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed