title: Mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis A virus in water by chlorine dioxide.
abstract: In this study, to elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) by chlorine dioxide, cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and long-overlapping RT-PCR were used to detect the infectivity, antigenicity, and entire genome of HAV before and after disinfection. The results revealed the complete inactivation of infectivity after a 10-min exposure to 7.5mg of chlorine dioxide per liter; and the highest level of sensitivity in the 5'non-translated regions (5'NTR) (the sequence from bp 1 to 671), inactivation of which took as much time as the inactivation of infectivity of HAV by chlorine dioxide; the complete destruction of antigenicity after a 10-min exposure to 7.5mg of chlorine dioxide per liter. It is suggested that the inactivation mechanism of HAV by chlorine dioxide was due to the loss of the 5'NTR and/or destruction of the antigenicity, which is not similar to that of chlorine (Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 4951).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine of Tianjin, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin City 300050, People's Republic of China. junwen_li@sina.com
authors.forename: Jun Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhong Tao
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Xin Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin Lai
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Fu Huan
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide