New autoimmune genes and the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with a complex polygenic inheritance. Until recently, only three susceptibility genes had been reproducibly identified, namely HLA, INS-VNTR, and CTLA4. During the past 7 years, a number of new putative susceptibility genes have been isolated from both human and animal models of the disease. We present eight genes implicated in type 1 diabetes etiology and discuss them in relation to the pathogenesis of the disease: VDR, IL6, IL12B, AIRE, FOXP3, B2m, Cblb, and Lyp/Ian4l1.
Hornum
Lars
L
Type 1 Pharmacology, Hagedorn Research Institute, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. hmar@hagedorn.dk
Markholst
Helle
H
D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000096927:AIRE Protein
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018664:Interleukin-12; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000096927:AIRE Protein; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; C500879:IL12B protein, human