title: Fraudulent management of digital endodontic images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present examples of radiographic image reconstructions in endodontic treatment, to discuss the potential problems arising from the use of image processing software and to mention some current methods to prevent such counterfeit utilization of digital endodontic radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional Ultra-Speed periapical films of root canal treatment were digitized with flatbed scanner (Umax Powerlook II, Umax Technologies, Inc., Taiwan). Digital images were altered with PHOTOSHOP 6.0 software (Adobe Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA). Carious lesions, periapical pathoses, fake root canals and artificial fillings were created, and inadequate treatment was corrected by application of various image manipulation functions of the software.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Digital endodontic images can be altered with image processing software. The use of digital radiographic data inevitably raises concerns about security, reliability and the potential for fraud.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Ege University School of Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey. peleen_2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Güneri
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Akdeniz
mesh_terms: D016494:Computer Security; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005607:Fraud; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D012984:Software