title: Effect and putative mechanism of action of ginseng on the formation of glycated hemoglobin in vitro.
abstract: As a non-enzymatic, covalent binding between glucose and protein, glycation is a well-known cause of various forms of diabetic complications. This study was undertaken to determine the effect and mechanism of action of ginseng on the formation of glycated protein. A solution containing hemoglobin and glucose was incubated for 5 days by adding ginseng extract or glutathione. The quantitative measurement of glycated hemoglobin was determined using the ion capture component set. The anti-oxidative effect of ginseng and quercetin was determined through the TBA method. The amount of glycated hemoglobin (%GHb) significantly increased with the addition of glucose (27.8 mM) compared to the non-addition group. Nonetheless, this significantly decreased when ginseng extract (2 g/dl) was added and further dropped when glutathione (50 mM) was added. The amount of hemoglobin A1c (%HbA1c), a sub-fraction of glycated hemoglobin, was lower than that of glycated hemoglobin, but it showed a similar tendency. Compared to a non-addition group, the optical density of the organic layer that was separated through the addition of chloroform in oxidized linoleic acid significantly and dose-dependently decreased when ginseng extract or quercetin was added. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of ginseng on the formation of glycated hemoglobin could be attributed to the anti-oxidative activity of ginseng.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Konkuk University, Danwooldong 322, Chungjusi, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea. jinwoo.bae@kku.ac.kr
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011794:Quercetin