title: Second neoplasms in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer are often treatable.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence and types of second neoplasms in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer, as well as the characteristics of those who developed second neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survivors who were under age 21 years at initial diagnosis, off therapy, and in remission for 2 years are referred to the Long Term Survivors' Clinic (LTSC) at Children's National Medical Center (CNMC). This review includes patients entered in the clinic database from January 1, 1997 to August 30, 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three (2.3%) of 987 childhood cancer survivors followed in the LTSC had 26 (2.6%) second and third neoplasms. The mean age was 6.7 years at initial diagnosis, 20.3 years at diagnosis of the second neoplasm, and 20.5 years at diagnosis of the third neoplasm. Of 10 female and 13 male patients, 15 were white, six black, one Hispanic, and one Asian. All but two of the patients received radiation. Nineteen neoplasms, including seven thyroid carcinomas, six central nervous system tumors (three meningiomas), three basal cell carcinomas, two breast cancers, and one soft tissue sarcoma, occurred at sites within or contiguous to radiation sites. Five patients died, but the majority of neoplasms were treatable and most patients had good outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indefinite follow-up in a long-term survivors' clinic is indicated for adolescent and adult survivors of childhood cancer, with routine examination and screening for recurrence of the initial cancer as well as late effects, including second neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. tbhaddy@aol.com
authors.forename: Theresa B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Haddy
authors.forename: Revonda B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mosher
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dinndorf
authors.forename: Gregory H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Reaman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents