title: Pharmacological modulation of the ATP sensitive potassium channels during repeated coronary occlusions: no effect on myocardial ischaemia or function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated episodes of myocardial ischaemia may lead to ischaemic preconditioning. This is believed to be mediated by the ATP sensitive potassium channels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of pharmacological modulation of the ATP sensitive potassium channels during repeated coronary occlusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind, double dummy study.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 patients with a proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery and no visible coronary collateral vessels underwent three identical 90 second balloon occlusions, each followed by five minutes of reperfusion. The patients were randomised to pinacidil 25 mg, glibenclamide 10.5 mg, or matching placebo 90 minutes before the start of the procedure. Myocardial ischaemia was measured by continuous monitoring of ECG ST segment changes. Changes in left ventricular function were recorded with a miniature radionuclide detector, and angina was scored on the Borg scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients the first balloon occlusion led to significant ST segment elevation, a clear decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction, and angina pectoris. This response was not attenuated at the second or third balloon occlusion, either in the placebo group or in the patients pretreated with pinacidil or glibenclamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the given experimental conditions, this randomised and double blind study did not support the view that the human myocardium has an intrinsic protective mechanism that is activated by short lasting episodes of ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: The Heart Centre, Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. lindhardt@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Lindhardt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gadsbøll
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kelbaek
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saunamäki
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clemmensen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haunsø
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020110:Pinacidil / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020110:Pinacidil; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005905:Glyburide