title: Phase I/II trial of irinotecan plus high-dose 5-fluorouracil (TTD regimen) as first-line chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a phase I/II study of weekly irinotecan [30 min intravenous (i.v.) infusion] combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU 3 g/m(2) weekly 48 h i.v. infusion, TTD regimen) as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors (in phase I), and the antitumor activity and toxicity of the recommended phase I dose (in phase II) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diarrhea was the DLT, and irinotecan 80 mg/m(2) plus 5-FU 3 g/m(2) was the recommended phase I dose. In phase II, the confirmed response rate was 44% [95% confidence interval (CI) 29% to 59%] and the median overall survival was 23.8 months. However, grade 3/4 diarrhea affected 59% of patients and led to withdrawal of three patients. A second cohort of patients studied using the same schedule but with a reduced 5-FU starting dose of 2.25 g/m(2) showed improved tolerance (the incidence of grade 4 diarrhea decreased from 28% to 11% and overall grade 3/4 diarrhea to 56%, with no patient withdrawals) but the confirmed response rate was 28% (95% CI 14% to 45%) and median overall survival was 17.2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found weekly irinotecan 80 mg/m(2) plus TTD regimen (5-FU 2.25 g/m(2) given as 48-h i.v. infusion) to be a feasible and active combined chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain. earanda@seom.org
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sastre
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masutti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marcuello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pronk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balcells
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díaz-Rubio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000077146:Irinotecan; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002166:Camptothecin