title: TNF receptor-associated factor 5 limits the induction of Th2 immune responses.
abstract: The TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family of molecules acts as adapter proteins for signaling pathways initiated by several members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily. TRAF5(-/-) animals are viable and have normal development of the immune system despite interacting with several TNFR family members. A clear role for TRAF5 has yet to emerge. OX40 (CD134) interacts with TRAF5, suggesting that this pathway could be involved in regulating T cell differentiation into Th1 or Th2 cells. In tissue culture, OX40 stimulation of TRAF5(-/-) T cells resulted in a pronounced Th2 phenotype with elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-5. Similarly, in vivo immunization with protein in adjuvant in the presence of an agonist anti-OX40 Ab resulted in enhanced Th2 development in TRAF5(-/-) mice. Additionally, lung inflammation induced by T cells, which is critically controlled by OX40, was more pronounced in TRAF5(-/-) mice, characterized by higher levels of Th2 cytokines. These results suggest that TRAF5 can limit the induction of Th2 responses, and that TRAF5 can play a role in modulating responses driven by OX40 costimulation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salek-Ardakani
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Carl F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Croft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D048015:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011506:Proteins; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D048015:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5; C505717:Tnfrsf4 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010047:Ovalbumin