title: Influence of body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium body burden of healthy Thai women and men.
abstract: The influence of cigarette smoking, body iron store status and gender on cadmium (Cd) body burden was examined in a group of 197 healthy Thais with overall mean age of 30.5 year (19-47 year). The lowest, geometric mean, and the highest urinary Cd excretion rate was 0.04, 0.46 and 3.84 microg/g creatinine, respectively. The prevalence of low iron stores (serum ferritin <20 microg/l) was 16% and 2% in women and men, respectively. All women (n = 99) were non-smokers, but they had the same Cd body burden as did men (n = 47) who on average smoked 8.7 cigarettes per day for 9 years. These women and men had 1.9-fold greater body Cd burden than did non-smoking men (t = 4, P < 0.001). In addition, the women Cd body burden was found to be inversely correlated with serum ferritin (r = -0.39, P < 0.001) and those with low iron stores showed a 3.4-fold greater Cd body burden than did women whose serum ferritin being between 101 and 200 microg/l (F = 6.2, P = 0.003, one-way ANOVA). In contrast, men's Cd body burden did not show a significant correlation with serum ferritin, but it did show a positive correlation with cumulative cigarette smoking index (r = 0.29, P = 0.02). Thus, iron status and cigarette smoking were found to be determinants of Cd body burden in young adult Thai women and men.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains Brisbane, Qld. 4108, Australia. s.satarug@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Soisungwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satarug
authors.forename: Pailin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ujjin
authors.forename: Yuvaree
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vanavanitkun
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D001822:Body Burden; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron