title: The C terminus of c-Src inhibits breast tumor cell growth by a kinase-independent mechanism.
abstract: Overexpression or increased activity of cellular Src (c-Src) is frequently detected in human breast cancer, implicating involvement of c-Src in the etiology of breast carcinomas. Curiously, overexpression of c-Src in tissue culture cells results in a weakly or non-transforming phenotype, indicating that it alone is not sufficient for oncogenesis. However, the protein has been demonstrated to potentiate mitogenic signals from transmembrane receptors. This report investigates the requirement for c-Src in breast cancer as a transducer and integrator of anchorage-dependent and -independent growth signals by utilizing the Src family pharmacological inhibitors, PP1 and PP2, or stable overexpression of the catalytically inactive c-Src mutant (K- c-Src). Both methods of inhibiting endogenous c-Src diminished formation of soft agar colonies and tumors in nude mice. The majority of the dominant-negative activity of K- c-Src was mapped to the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and C-terminal half of the molecule, but not to the Unique domain, Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, or the N-terminal half of K- c-Src. Further analysis of the C terminus revealed that its ability to inhibit growth localized to the N-terminal lobe (N-lobe) of the catalytic region. These results underscore the requirement for c-Src to maintain the oncogenic phenotype of breast cancer cells and suggest that c-Src may be manipulated to inhibit cell growth by the direct disruption of its catalytic activity or the introduction of either the SH2 domain or the N-lobe of K- c-Src.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health Services, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Rumey C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ishizawar
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tice
authors.forename: Themistoclis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaoli
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Parsons
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018909:src Homology Domains; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human