title: Introital ultrasound of the lower genital tract before and after colposuspension: a 4-year objective follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the topography of the bladder neck by introital ultrasound before and after open colposuspension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and ten women with urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence were included in this long-term study to investigate the position and function of the bladder neck at rest and during straining. Height (H), distance (D), and urethrovesical angle of the bladder neck (beta) were measured by means of preoperative and postoperative introital ultrasound. Women were followed up; 152 of them (49%) completed 48 months of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 6-month follow-up examination, 90.0% of the women were continent (279/310), 3.5% (11/310) showed voiding difficulties, 3.5% (11/310) had urgency, and 1.6% (5/310) had developed de novo urge incontinence. At the 48-month follow-up, 76.8% of the patients were still continent. All postoperative measurements yielded significantly lower values for angle beta at rest and during straining compared with the preoperative results (P < 0.0001). The median linear movement of the bladder neck during straining decreased from 18.0 mm before surgery to 6.4 mm at the 48-month follow-up (P < 0.0001). The median level of ventrocranial elevation of the vesicourethral junction was 14.3 mm immediately after surgery, 9.9 mm after 6 months and 6.6 mm after 48 months. The degree of surgical bladder-neck elevation was associated with postoperative urgency/de novo urge incontinence (P < 0.0001) and voiding difficulty (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The colposuspension procedure reduces angle beta at rest and during straining, restricts linear movement with straining, and elevates the bladder neck. Perioperative introital ultrasound improves understanding of this surgical procedure and might help to prevent postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. viereck@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viereck
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Pauer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oppermann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilgers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gauruder-Burmester
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emons
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hackenberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery