title: Studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg leaves.
abstract: Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg Leaves (CTL) have been used for centuries in Chinese folk medicine for their anti-inflammatory properties. We have studied the anti-inflammatory effects of CTL extracts in rats, mice and in Raw 264.7 cells. 1 mg/kg solutions of the 30% and 60% methanol extracts of CTL were used and a 1 mg/kg of indomethacin was used as a positive anti-inflammatory standard; these were then administrated to rats. Carrageenan was injected subcutaneously to induce hind paw edema in rats. The result of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema showed that a 1 mg/kg of the 30%, and 60% methanol fraction of CTL and 1 mg/kg of indomethacin inhibited the hind paw edema by 19.5%, 23.0%, and 20.5% respectively. The effect of CTL on inflammation in mice by a capillary permeability assay was examined by detecting Evans blue leakage from capillaries after the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid, a potent inflammatory stimulus. The 60% methanol fraction of CTL inhibited Evans blue dye leakage by 47.0%, which was 10% higher than that of the inhibition of 1 mg/kg of indomethacin. Also, the 60% methanol fraction of CTL suppressed the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by as much as the inhibition of 1 mg/kg of indomethacin and this led to the synthesis of PGE2 by COX-2 induction. The inhibition of the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, vascular permeability and the PGE2 generation demonstrates that the 60% methanol fraction of CTL contains a potent anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, 221, Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wan-Kyun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: Hong-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002351:Carrageenan; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D032409:Clerodendrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D005070:Evans Blue; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005070:Evans Blue; D002351:Carrageenan; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D015232:Dinoprostone; D019342:Acetic Acid; D007213:Indomethacin