title: Raloxifene acutely suppresses ventricular myocyte contractility through inhibition of the L-type calcium current.
abstract: 1. The selective oestrogen (ER) receptor modulator, raloxifene, is widely used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may also possess cardioprotective properties. We investigated whether it directly suppresses myocyte contractility through Ca(2+) channel antagonism in a similar way to 17beta-oestradiol. 2. Cell shortening and Ca(2+) transients were measured in single guinea-pig ventricular myocytes field-stimulated (1 Hz, 37 degrees C) in a superfusion chamber. Electrophysiological recordings were performed using single electrode voltage-clamp. 3. Raloxifene decreased cell shortening (EC(50) 2.4 microm) and the Ca(2+) transient amplitude (EC(50) 6.4 microm) in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration of 1 microm, raloxifene produced a 33+/-2% (mean+/-s.e.m) and 24+/-2% reduction, respectively (P<0.001, n=14 for both parameters). 4. These inhibitory actions were not observed in myocytes that had been incubated with the specific antagonist, ICI 182,780 (10 microm) (n=11). 5. Raloxifene (1 microm) shortened action potential durations at 50 and 90% repolarisation (P<0.05 and <0.001, respectively; n=27) and decreased peak L-type Ca(2+) current by 45%, from -5.1+/-0.5 pA/pF to -2.8+/-0.3 pA/pF (P<0.001, n=18). 6. Raloxifene did not significantly alter sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content, as assessed by integrating the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger currents following rapid caffeine application. 7. The present study provides evidence for direct inhibitory actions of raloxifene on ventricular myocyte contractility, mediated through Ca(2+) channel antagonism.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY.
authors.forename: Reginald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stagg
authors.forename: Kenneth T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride