title: Association of type 2 diabetes with cyclooxygenase-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress in an elderly population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes has not been studied, and the association between cytokine-mediated inflammation and diabetes is not fully clarified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15-Keto-dihydro-prostaglandin F2alpha (a metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha and an indicator of COX-mediated inflammation), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid protein A (SAA), 8-iso-PGF2alpha (a nonenzymatic, free radical product of arachidonic acid and an indicator of oxidative stress), and alpha-tocopherol were measured in a population-based sample of 77-year-old men (n=765), in which 112 men had type 2 diabetes. The inflammatory indicators were increased in men with diabetes (urinary 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2alpha, P<0.001, CRP and SAA, P<0.05). However, when adjusted for body mass index, waist circumference, or fasting insulin, no association was found between diabetes and CRP or SAA. The oxidative stress indicator 8-iso-PGF2alpha in urine was increased (P<0.01) in men with diabetes. Patients who were newly diagnosed with diabetes (<7 years since diagnosis) had increased urinary 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2alpha and decreased alpha-tocopherol, but 8-iso-PGF2alpha was unaltered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show that type 2 diabetes in elderly men is related to COX-mediated inflammation, reflected by enhanced prostaglandin formation. The high levels of cytokine-mediated acute-phase proteins observed in men with diabetes appear to be related to obesity and increased fasting insulin. The results further suggest that the appearance of chronic inflammation is an early process in the pathogenesis of diabetes, whereas oxidative injury may be a later process, possibly related to inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Geriatrics and Clinical Nutrition Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helmersson
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vessby
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; C008228:15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015237:Dinoprost; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001241:Aspirin