title: [Studies on gastrointestinal absorption enhancement effect and mechanism of sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino] caprylate to insulin solution].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the enhancement effect and mechanism of sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC--a kind of synthetic enhancer) to insulin (INS) solution in gastrointestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the enhancement effect of SNAC on INS absorption by oral administration to rats and mice; To study the enhancement mechanism of SNAC by three kinds of methods: Delivering SNAC and INS solution to different parts of rats' intestines, adding energy inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor verapamil (Ver) into SNAC and INS solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNAC was shown to enhance the gastrointestinal absorption of INS, the intensity of absorption enhancement corresponded to the doses of SNAC. The enhancement of SNAC to INS in different parts of the rat intestine was different (jejunum > colon > ileum). The effect of SNAC on INS absorption increased accordingly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhancement of SNAC to INS absorption presented dose dependence on SNAC; the absorption process needed energy and related to P-gp efflux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Qi-neng
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D007328:Insulin; C111140:N-(8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino)caprylate; D014700:Verapamil; D019297:2,4-Dinitrophenol