title: The incidence and significance of late acute cellular rejection (>1000 days) after liver transplantation.
abstract: Acute cellular rejection (ACR) after liver transplantation occurs in as much as 70% of patients within the first year. There is very little known about ACR that occurs more than 1 yr after transplant, and it is generally believed that late occurring ACR may be more resistant to medical treatment and is associated with a higher rate of chronic ductopenic rejection and graft loss. A total of 532 recipients with more than 1000 d follow-up and who did not have hepatitis C were identified. Forty-three (8.1%) had biopsy proven late ACR at a mean of 1545 +/- 441 d post-transplant. Additionally, 38 of the 43 (88.4%) patients with late ACR had earlier episodes of ACR before 1000 d post-transplant vs. only 295 of the 488 patients (60.5%) that did not have late ACR (p < 0.01). The incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was 32.6% among patients with late ACR and 11.1% among patients without late ACR (p < 0.01). The overall patient survival for patients who had late ACR (n = 43) is 81.4% while for patients without late ACR (n = 488) it is 82.0% (p = ns). Patients remain at risk for ACR even after 1000 d post-transplant, particularly those with PSC.
authors.affiliation: The Recanti/Miller Transplantation Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA. sflorman@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florman
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schiano
authors.forename: Leona
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maman
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levay
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gondolesi
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fishbein
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sheiner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors