title: How neighborhoods and physical functioning are related: the roles of neighborhood socioeconomic status, perceived neighborhood strain, and individual health risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing attention is being paid to the impact of neighborhood residence on individual health status.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined pathways through which low neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and associated subjective neighborhood characteristics may be associated with self-reported physical functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 658 adults responded to a questionnaire survey sent to residents of lower and higher SES neighborhoods. Measures of neighborhood social cohesion and problems were obtained and individual deprivation, social integration, sense of control, and financial strain were assessed with standard measures. Physical functioning was assessed with the MOS 36-item Short Form health survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural equation modeling analyses showed that living in a lower socioeconomic neighborhood was associated with greater perceived neighborhood strain, which, in turn, was associated with poorer physical functioning. Lower neighborhood SES and greater perceived neighborhood strain were associated with poorer physical functioning of individuals through less social integration, less perceived control, and greater financial strain. Individual deprivation was also related to less social integration, less perceived control, and greater financial strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neighborhood SES and associated perceptions of neighborhoods are associated with physical functioning to some extent through the shaping of the social and psychological experiences of individuals living within them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of College London, London.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steptoe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires