title: Exposure to phthalate esters from indoor environment.
abstract: Phthalate esters and phosphate esters in samples of indoor air from 27 houses in the Tokyo Metropolitan area were quantified using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph/flame photometric detector after adsorption on to charcoal and solvent extraction. The median concentrations of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate were 0.10, 0.39, 0.01, 0.07 and 0.11 microg/m(3), respectively. The median concentrations of tributyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, triphenyl phosphate and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate were less than 0.001 microg/m(3). DBP was detected at the highest concentration (6.18 microg/m(3)) in a new residential housing. This research indicated that exposure to phthalate esters through inhalation of air from the indoor environment is as important as dietary intake of phthalate esters, and can contribute to daily intake to a much greater extent than has been assumed hitherto.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. takamitsu.otake@yy.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otake
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004952:Esters; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007564:Japan; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids