title: Effects of chronic haloperidol and clozapine treatment on neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus.
abstract: It has been proposed that the therapeutic benefits of treatment with antidepressants and mood stabilizers may arise partially from their ability to stimulate neurogenesis. This study was designed to examine the effects of chronic antipsychotic treatment on cell proliferation and survival in the adult rat hippocampus. Haloperidol (0.05 and 2 mg/kg), clozapine (0.5 and 20 mg/kg), or vehicle were administered i.p. for 28 days, followed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 200 mg/kg, i.p.), a marker of DNA synthesis. One group of rats was killed 24 h following BrdU administration and BrdU-positive cells were quantified to assess the effects of drug treatment on cell proliferation. The remaining animals continued on antipsychotic medication for an additional 3 weeks following BrdU administration to assess the effects of antipsychotics on cell survival. Our results show that 24 h following BrdU, a low dose of clozapine (0.5 mg/kg) increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) by two-fold. Neither 20 mg/kg of clozapine nor haloperidol had any effect on cell proliferation in DG. Moreover, neither drug at either dose had an effect on the number of newly generated neurons surviving in the DG 3 weeks following BrdU administration. These preliminary findings suggest that clozapine may influence the number of cells which divide, but antipsychotics do not promote the survival of the newly generated neurons at 3 weeks after a BrdU injection.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1385, USA.
authors.forename: Nader D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Cynthia Shannon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Weickert
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lipska
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol