Treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats: review of published studies.
The recent literature on the treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats was reviewed. Based upon in vitro studies using isolated infected hairs and controlled or field in vivo studies, the following topical treatments were consistently found to be antifungal (i.e. antidermatophyte): lime sulfur (1:16), 0.2% enilconazole rinses, and a combined 2% miconazole/chlorhexidine shampoo. Animals or hairs were either bathed or rinsed once or twice weekly. Itraconazole, griseofulvin and terbinafine were evaluated in controlled or field studies, most commonly involving cats. Griseofulvin (50 mg kg(-1)) was reported to cure infected animals in 41-70 days. Itraconazole (10 mg kg(-1) once daily or in a combined daily/pulse therapy 10 mg kg(-1) once daily for 28 days and then week on/week off) was reported to cure infected animals in 56-70 days. Low-dose itraconazole (1.5-3.0 mg kg(-1)) in 15-day cycles required 1-3 cycles (15-45 days). Various doses of terbinafine (5-40 mg kg(-1)) were reportedly used to treat dogs or cats. The higher doses of terbinafine (> 20 mg kg(-1)) were required to achieve a mycological cure; the number of treatment days to cure varied from 21 to > 126 days. Lufenuron was reported anecdotally to be an effective cure, however, this was not substantiated in controlled studies. Finally, fungal vaccines were not found to be effective against challenge exposure, however, there is evidence that they may be useful in treatment protocols.
Moriello
Karen A
KA
Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. moriellk@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002415:Cats; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008825:Miconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013440:Sulfides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077291:Terbinafine; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; D009281:Naphthalenes; D013440:Sulfides; D013885:Thiosulfates; C033907:calcium sulfide; D017964:Itraconazole; D006118:Griseofulvin; C017435:enilconazole; D008825:Miconazole; D000077291:Terbinafine; D002710:Chlorhexidine