title: Tooth preparation: a study on the effect of different variables and a comparison between conventional and channeled diamond burs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different variables involved in tooth cutting to characterize intrapulpal temperature generation, cutting efficiency, and bur durability when using conventional and channeled diamond burs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty premolars and 60 molars were selected for the study. Four diamond burs were paired according to grit size: 125-microm grit: Brasseler Coarse (Control 1) and TDA System (Test 1) burs; and 180-microm grit: Brasseler CRF (Control 2) and NTI Turbo Diamond (Test 2) burs. Each bur was used twice when cutting the premolar teeth, whereas it was used for 60 cuts when cutting the molar teeth. The data were analyzed to compare the correlation of bur design, grit and wear, amount of pressure, advancement rate, revolutions per minute, cutting time and rate, and proximity to the pulp chamber with intrapulpal temperature generation, cutting efficiency, and bur longevity. The mean values of test and control burs in each group were compared using an ANOVA (p < 0.05 for significant differences) for temperature generation and an ANOVA and the Tukey multiple range test (p< or = 0.05) for cutting efficiency and bur longevity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found in intrapulpal temperature generation while cutting premolar and molar teeth with conventional and channeled diamond burs. In both groups, the mean temperature recorded during and after the cutting procedure was lower than the baseline temperature. For premolar teeth, no significant difference was established for control and test burs for the load required to cut into the tooth and the cutting rate. However, both test burs showed significantly fewer revolutions per minute when compared to their control counterparts. For the molar teeth, the Brasseler CRF bur required a significantly lower cutting load when compared to the NTI bur, whereas no difference was noted between the other pair of burs. The cutting rate was significantly higher for both control burs, whereas revolutions per minute (rpm) were greater for control coarser burs only. Overall, channeled burs showed a significantly lower cutting efficiency when compared to conventionally designed burs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, channeled burs showed no significant advantage over conventional diamond burs when evaluating temperature generation and bur durability. Moreover, the cutting efficiency of conventional burs was greater than that of channeled burs.
authors.affiliation: Eastman Dental Center and College of Applied Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ercoli
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Funkenbusch
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Han-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ben-Hanan
authors.forename: Gerald N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Graser
authors.forename: Izchak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barzilay
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000503:physiopathology; D018130:Diamond; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D011312:Pressure; D012399:Rotation; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D019246:Tooth Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019415:Torque; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D018130:Diamond