title: Diaphragmatic excursion and respiratory function after the modified Raj technique of the infraclavicular plexus block.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of the infraclavicular plexus block using the modified Raj approach on diaphragm and respiratory function have not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining approval of the local ethics committee and written informed consent, 20 patients, scheduled for surgery of the forearm, wrist, or hand were prospectively included. Infraclavicular block was performed using the modified Raj technique with 40 to 50 mL ropivacaine 0.5%. Forced diaphragmatic excursion (DE), vital capacity (VC), first-second forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were assessed the day before surgery and 30 and 360 minutes after blocks, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between pre- and postblock values, neither for DE (5.6 +/- 1.0 cm before the block, 5.2 +/- 1.4 cm 30 minutes after the block, and 5.7 +/- 1.4 cm 360 minutes after the block) nor for VC (3.2 +/- 0.8 L before the block, 3.1 +/- 0.9 L 30 minutes after the block, and 3.0 +/- 0.9 L 360 minutes after the block), FEV(1) (2.8 +/- 0.9 L before the block, 2.8 +/- 0.9 L 30 minutes after the block, and 2.7 +/- 0.9 L 360 minutes after the block), or PEFR (378 +/- 116 L/min before the block, 355 +/- 110 L/min 30 minutes after the block, and 364 +/- 116 L/min 360 minutes after the block).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infraclavicular block using the modified Raj technique did not interfere with diaphragmatic excursion or respiratory function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Orthopedic University Clinic Zurich/Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dullenkopf
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Theodorou
authors.forename: Justus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perschak
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borgeat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001917:Brachial Plexus; D002968:Clavicle; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine