title: Orthodontics. Part 9: anchorage control and distal movement.
abstract: Anchorage is an important consideration when planning orthodontic tooth movement. Unwanted tooth movement known as loss of anchorage can have a detrimental effect on the treatment outcome. Anchorage can be sourced from the teeth, the oral mucosa and underlying bone, implants and extra orally. If extra-oral anchorage is used, particularly with a facebow then the use of at least two safety devices is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Department, Leeds Dental Institute, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU. robertsharry@btinternet.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roberts-Harry
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandy
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D021362:Palate, Hard; D014070:Tooth; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants