title: Engineering grapevine for increased resistance to fungal pathogens without compromising wine stability.
abstract: The vast majority of wine proteins have recently been identified as pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. During the growing season, these proteins are expressed in developmentally dependent and inducible manners in grapevine leaves and grape berries, in which they are believed to play an important role in protection against fungal pathogens and possibly other stresses. Because of their inherent resistance to proteolytic attack and to the low pH values characteristic of wines, vinification can be seen as a "purification strategy" for grape PR proteins. The inevitable consequent accumulation of these proteins in wines becomes a technological nuisance because they adversely affect the clarity and stability of wines. Genetically modified vines underexpressing PR proteins would certainly lead to stable wines but would increase the plant susceptibility to fungal attack, and the actual trend seems to be in the opposite direction, that is overexpressing these proteins to obtain plants with enhanced resistance to pathogens--a trend that will probably augment problems associated with protein instability in the resulting wines.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Botânica e Engenharia Biológica, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal. ferreira@itqb.unl.pt
authors.forename: Ricardo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Sara S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: M Antonieta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Piçarra-Pereira
authors.forename: Artur R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D005658:Fungi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins