title: Acute otitis media in children: a retrospective analysis of physician prescribing patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common infectious diseases of childhood and the most frequent indication for antibiotic use in children. Aim To better understand the prescribing patterns and appropriateness of AOM therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated a historical cohort of children aged < or = 6 years who had a first AOM episode between June 1999 and June 2002, using the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Quebec (RAMQ) administrative databases. Conformity of prescription was based on the consensus guidelines on AOM treatment from the Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. These recommendations suggested amoxicillin as the first-line drug, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or cefuroxime for children who had received antibiotics in the previous month. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi(2) test and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 60 513 children < or = 6 years of age experienced their first AOM episode with a mean age of 2.6 years. They were seen by 4708 physicians [87% general practitioners (GPs), 9% paediatricians, and 3% ENT specialists]. Amoxicillin was the antibiotic that was prescribed the most (43%), followed by cefprozil and azithromycin. Overall, 42% of physicians adhered to antibiotic guideline recommendations. Compared with GPs, paediatricians were almost as likely to prescribe in conformity with the consensus guidelines, whereas ENT specialists were 50% less likely to prescribe an antibiotic recommended by the guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuing medical education is necessary to ensure appropriate adherence to antibiotic guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Research Institute, CHUM, Campus Hôtel-Dieu, University of Montreal, Montreal (QC), Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quach
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LeLorier
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents