title: Polymorphisms of the CYP1B1 gene as risk factors for human renal cell cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CYP1B1 activates various environmental carcinogens in human tissues, including renal tissues. We hypothesize that certain polymorphisms of the CYP1B1 gene are risk factors for renal cell cancer. The rationale for this hypothesis is that chemical procarcinogenic compounds require metabolic activation by oxidative enzymes such as CYP1B1 to be transformed into potentially carcinogenic forms. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the genotypic distributions of six different loci on the CYP1B1 gene and their association with renal cell cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from 211 cases of human renal cell cancer and 200 healthy controls was analyzed by sequence-specific PCR and direct DNA sequencing to determine the genotypic frequencies of six different polymorphic loci on the CYP1B1 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study demonstrate that the frequencies of genotype 119T/T and genotype 432G/G were significantly higher in renal cell cancer patients compared with healthy normal controls. The relative risks were calculated as 3.01 and 2.17 for genotypes 119T/T and 432G/G, respectively, in renal cell carcinoma patients. These genotypic distributions were also significantly different between male and female patients. The relative risks of genotype 119T/T were calculated as 3.95 in males and 1.92 in females, and the relative risks of genotype 432G/G were calculated as 2.81 in males and 1.35 in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates for the first time that the polymorphisms at codons 119 and 432 may be risk factors for renal cancer, especially in the male population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Okino
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakuragi
authors.forename: Rajvir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahiya
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D001483:Base Sequence; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004247:DNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585496:CYP1B1 protein, human; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1