title: Relationship of fungal vaginitis therapy to prior antibiotic exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the putative association of antibiotic use and subsequent yeast vaginitis in a population of non-pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and sixteen women who received medical care in rural family medicine clinics enrolled in this study. Participants were pre-menopausal and non-pregnant and were followed until they used a course of antifungal therapy for vaginitis, became pregnant or moved from the catchment area. At entry subjects were free of vaginitis symptoms and had taken no antibiotics for 30 days. Patients were followed by repeated review of clinic records, hospital records and telephone or personal interviews. Data collection included documentation of episodes of antifungal treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis and confirmed antibiotic treatment or credible history of antibiotic use prior to the use of antifungal therapy. Physician-reported uses of antibiotic and antifungal as well as patient-reported uses of these were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were four reported cases of antifungal therapy following within a month of antibiotic use, in contrast to 484 antibiotic uses not followed by antifungal use. If time of observation was extended to 6 months from antibiotic use, there were 13 uses of antifungal therapy after antibiotics and 475 uses of antibiotics not followed by antifungal therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results cast doubt on the association of antibiotics as a putative cause of yeast vulvovaginitis.
authors.affiliation: Robert C Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University Medical Center, Morgantown 26506-9186, USA. dglover2@wvu.edu
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents