title: Protective effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate in murine endotoxin-induced inflammatory lung injury.
abstract: Our prior in vitro studies indicate that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a phospholipid angiogenic factor, produces endothelial cell barrier enhancement through ligation of endothelial differentiation gene family receptors. We hypothesized that S1P may reduce the vascular leak associated with acute lung injury and found that S1P infusion produced a rapid and significant reduction in lung weight gain (more than 50%) in the isolated perfused murine lung. The effect of S1P was next assessed in a murine model of LPS-mediated microvascular permeability and inflammation with marked increases in parameters of lung injury at both 6 and 24 hours after intratracheal LPS. Each parameter assessed was significantly reduced by intravenous S1P (1 microM final) and in selected experiments by the S1P analogue FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) delivered 1 hour after LPS. S1P produced an approximately 40-50% reduction in LPS-mediated extravasation of Evans blue dye albumin, bronchoalveolar lavage protein content, and lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity (reflecting phagocyte infiltration). Consistent with systemic barrier enhancement, S1P significantly decreased Evans blue dye albumin extravasation and myeloperoxidase content in renal tissues of LPS-treated mice. These studies indicate that S1P significantly decreases pulmonary/renal vascular leakage and inflammation in a murine model of LPS-mediated acute lung injury and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular barrier dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Xinqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hassoun
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sammani
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McVerry
authors.forename: Melissa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burne
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabb
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pearse
authors.forename: Rubin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tuder
authors.forename: Joe G N
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010477:Perfusion; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011409:Propylene Glycols; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D009195:Peroxidase; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine