title: Central and peripheral visual interactions in disparity-induced vergence eye movements: I. Spatial interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the interaction between central and peripheral disparities in the initiation of vergence eye movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye movements were recorded in eight normal subjects using an infrared limbus tracker. Three-dimensional visual stimuli were back projected onto a tangent screen by using two liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors through crossed polarizers. The central target was a vertical bar, which always jumped from 2 to 1 m. The peripheral target was a random-dot pattern that jumped from 2 to 0.75, 1, or 1.5 m (near planes), 2 m (no change), or 3 m (far plane) simultaneously with the central target jump. Latency, amplitude at 150 ms, and average amplitude over 1 to 2 seconds after vergence onset; peak velocity; and the main-sequence relationship of the initial vergence response were calculated. How far the central target appeared to jump was scored subjectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In half of the subjects, there was a clear effect of the peripheral disparity on the dynamics of the vergence response to the central disparity. The amplitude of vergence at 150 ms, as an index of open-loop gain, was significantly greater when the peripheral target moved closer, but steady state amplitude (average during 1-2 seconds) did not change, and the vergence latency was significantly greater when the peripheral target jumped away. There was no obvious relationship between the perceived amount of movement of the central target and the parameters of the dynamic properties of the vergence response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral disparity can modulate the dynamics of the initial vergence response to a central disparity and is probably independent of the perception of motion in depth.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. ntani@med.miigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*