Molecular mechanisms for cardiovascular stem cell apoptosis and growth in the hearts with atherosclerotic coronary disease and ischemic heart failure.
In the heart with atherosclerotic coronary disease, chronic ischemia causes progressive loss of cardiovascular cells and ultimately triggers myocardial dysfunctions or heart failure. Various types of stem cells from embryonic and adult tissues have potentials for regenerating functional cardiovascular cells in the heart undergoing ischemic injury. However, native or exogenous stem cells in the ischemic hearts are exposed to various proapoptotic or cytotoxic factors. Furthermore, during repopulation and differentiation, certain numbers of newly produced cells may die by apoptosis during neocardiovascular tissue remodeling and morphogenesis. Embryonic and adult stem cells may have different life spans, as being programmed genetically to apoptosis. The endogenous and environmental factors play important roles in regulation of stem cells, including inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, surface receptors, proteolytic enzymes, mitochondrial respiration, nuclear proteins, telomerase activities, hypoxia-responding proteins, and stem cell-host cell interaction. Clarification of the molecular mechanisms may help us understand and design stem cell therapies.
Geng
Yong-Jian
YJ
Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. yong-jian.geng@uth.tmc.edu
D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000628:therapy*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D019098:Telomerase
D019098:Telomerase; D020169:Caspases