title: Suicide gene/prodrug therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma by E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase and 6-methylpurine 2'-deoxyriboside.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent advances in diagnostics, staging, and therapy for pancreatic cancer have not resulted in significant improvements in long-term survival, and development of new approaches is particularly urgent. The use of prodrug-activating genes is a possible approach for cancer gene therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (ePNP) on pancreatic tumors. ePNP activates the prodrug 6-methylpurine deoxyribose (MePdR) into methyl purine (MeP), which is highly toxic to dividing and nondividing cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A recombinant pCAG-ePNP vector was constructed and used to establish pancreatic cancer cells expressing constitutively ePNP (ePNP+). The ePNP/MePdR system effects were tested in vitro on HA-RPC (rat) and BxPC3 (human) pancreatic cancer cell lines and then in vivo on tumors established in nude mice with BxPC3 ePNP+ cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MePdR treatment of ePNP+ tumor cells induced cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects in a concentration-dependent manner with a 100% cell death since 5 x 10 mol/L. Bystander effect was strong in vitro as more than 50% of tumor cells were killed by MePdR with only 1%-2% of ePNP+ cells. In vivo, tumor growth was completely abolished with a prodrug treatment initiated 2 days after tumor cell inoculation, and mice remained tumor free. In addition, even if MePdR treatment was applied to large tumors, tumors significantly regressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results support the therapeutic potential of the MePdR/ePNP system, which induces a highly cytotoxic effect with a potent bystander effect on pancreatic tumors.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U375, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deharvengt
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wack
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhring
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aprahamian
authors.forename: Amor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hajri
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D024201:Bystander Effect; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D041722:Genes, Transgenic, Suicide; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011684:Purine Nucleosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011683:Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase / Q000235:genetics*; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D011684:Purine Nucleosides; C032885:6-methylpurine 2'-deoxyriboside; D011683:Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase