title: Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica and Moraxella catarrhalis share cross-reactive carbohydrate antigens.
abstract: Carriage of commensal bacteria species is associated with the development of natural immunity to meningococcal disease, with lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) of meningococci being one of the main virulence factors associated with severity of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal reference strains and isolates from the commensal species Neisseria lactamica and Moraxella catarrhalis were assessed for the presence of cross-reactive glycoconjugate antigens. Binding of human blood group antibodies of the P and Ii system to meningococcal immunotype reference strains were in accordance with the presence of known LOS carbohydrate structures. Binding studies with meningococcal immunotyping antibodies and blood group phenotyping antibodies to N. lactamica strains from different European countries showed, that a greater number of isolates obtained from native Greek and Scottish adults and children bound anti-meningococcal L(3, 7, 9) immunotyping (P < 0.001), pK (P = 0.035) and paragloboside (P < 0.001) blood group typing antibodies compared to isolates obtained from children of Russian immigrants in Greece. A greater number of M. catarrhalis strains isolated from children in Scotland bound anti-L(3, 7, 9) antibodies (38.2%) compared to strains isolated from adults (22.2%) (P = 0.017). These findings provide evidence that blood group like glycoconjugate antigens found on the commensal species N. lactamica and M. catarrhalis might be involved in the development of natural immunity to meningococcal endotoxins during childhood, and might be exploited as anti-meningococcal vaccine candidates.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Evaluation of Naturopathy, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany. janmatthias.braun@web.de
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beuth
authors.forename: C Caroline
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giersen
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tzanakaki
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Unverhau
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D042806:Neisseria lactamica / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides