title: Costs of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in the United States: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update the cost of urinary incontinence (UI) for year 2000 and compare it with the cost of overactive bladder (OAB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the cost-of-illness framework, disease epidemiologic data were combined with treatment rates, consequence probabilities, and average cost estimates. All costs reflect the costs during 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total cost of UI and OAB was 19.5 billion dollars and 12.6 billion dollars, respectively (year 2000 dollars). With UI, 14.2 billion dollars was borne by community residents and 5.3 billion dollars by institutional residents. With OAB, 9.1 and 3.5 billion dollars, respectively, was incurred by community and institutional residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OAB affected 34 million individuals compared with 17 million with UI. Despite the differences in epidemiology, the total and per-person costs of UI were higher than the OAB costs because OAB individuals without incontinent episodes incurred fewer costs, on average.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Economics, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Teh-Wei
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Judith D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bentkover
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Steve Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000191:economics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology