title: Interleukin-4 and -10 gene polymorphisms and spontaneous preterm birth in multifetal gestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal and fetal carriage of different alleles of interleukin-4 and -10 genes and pregnancy outcome in multifetal gestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Buccal swabs from mother-infant pairs of 73 multifetal gestations were assayed for polymorphisms at position -590 of the interleukin-4 gene and position -1082 of the interleukin-10 gene. Pregnancy outcome data were obtained subsequently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spontaneous preterm birth occurred in 29 of the pregnancies (39.7%). A higher frequency of the interleukin-4 T allele was found among mothers with spontaneous preterm birth compared with mothers without spontaneous preterm birth (36.2% vs 18.2%; P=.02; odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-5.9). Moreover, 20.7% of mothers who had spontaneous preterm birth were homozygous for the interleukin-4 T allele, as opposed to only 2.3% of mothers who did not have a spontaneous preterm birth (P=.01; odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.2-69.5). Similarly, in 55.2% of the pregnancies that were complicated by spontaneous preterm birth, 2 fetuses carried the interleukin-4 T allele, compared with only 29.5% of the pregnancies that were not complicated by spontaneous preterm birth (p<.05; odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0-8.8). There was no relationship between mother and infant IL-10 genotype and spontaneous preterm birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal and fetal carriage of the interleukin-4 T allele is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth in multifetal gestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. robinkal@aol.com
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kalish
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vardhana
authors.forename: Meruka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sriram C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Perni
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Witkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D036801:Parturition; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4