title: Butyrate enhances the production of nitric oxide in mouse vascular endothelial cells in response to gamma interferon.
abstract: The effect of butyrate, a natural bacterial product of colonic bacterial flora, on nitric oxide (NO) production in murine vascular endothelial cell line END-D in response to IFN-gamma and/or LPS was studied. Butyrate significantly augmented NO production in END-D cells in response to IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma + LPS, but not LPS alone. The NO production was augmented by the addition of butyrate until 6 h after the stimulation with IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma + LPS. The augmentation was abolished by the removal of butyrate from the cultures. Butyrate enhanced the expression of inducible type NO synthase (iNOS) in the stimulated END-D cells. Furthermore, butyrate-enhanced NO production in the presence of various signal inhibitors down-regulating the signal pathways using nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and Janus tyrosine kinase. The putative mechanism of butyrate-induced augmentation of NO production in response to IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma + LPS is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Bacterial Toxin, Research Center for Infectious Disease, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Mya Mya
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Ferdaus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Shamima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokochi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002087:Butyrates; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases