title: The human genome and the human control of natural evolution.
abstract: Recent advances in research on the Human Genome are provoking many critical problems in the global policy regarding the future status of human beings as well as in that of the whole life system on the earth, and consequently, these advances provoke the serious bioethical and philosophical questions. Firstly, how can we comprehend that we are going to have the complete technology to manipulate the system of the human genome and other non-human genomes? Though no science and technology can be complete, we will, I believe, take possession of an almost complete gene technology in the early stage of the next Century. Gene technology will soon fall into the hands of human beings instead of rendering in the province of God. Secondly, which gene technologies will we actually realize and utilize in the early stages of the 21st Century? Most probably, we will adopt these technologies to health care to treat some apparent bodily diseases, for instance, cancer, hemophilia, ADA deficiency, and so forth, and sooner or later we will adopt gene therapy to germ lines, which, in the long run, suggests the possibility of a future "artificial evolution" instead of the "natural evolution" of the past. Thirdly, how is the new concept of "artificial evolution" justified ethically? I believe this kind of manmade evolution is the only way for human beings to survive into the future global environment. There cannot be any serious ethical objection against the idea of artificial evolution. Fourthly, what is the background philosophy for the concept of "artificial evolution"? I will discuss the nature of modern European humanism with individual dignity and fundamental human rights which has led the philosophy of modern culture and modern society, and I will conclude by suggesting that we should abolish an essential part of modern humanism and newly devise some alternative philosophy to fit the new Millennium.
authors.affiliation: Aoyamagakuin University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D032903:Confucianism; D004777:Environment; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000941:ethics*; D036281:Genetic Research / Q000941:ethics; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000941:ethics; D016045:Human Genome Project / Q000941:ethics; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D010684:Philosophy; D012941:Social Responsibility