title: Active generation and selection for HIV intersubtype A/D recombinant forms in a coinfected patient in Kenya.
abstract: To investigate the in vivo evolution of recombinant HIV, we followed up on a mother who was initially coinfected with subtypes A and D in Kenya. Blood samples were obtained in 1996 and 2002, and HIV pol and env genes were amplified by PCR, cloned, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. As for the 1996 sample most of the clones generated from the pol and env genes clustered either with subtypes A and D reference strains. However, two clones from the pol gene were found to be independent recombinants between subtypes A and D by RIP analysis, suggesting active generation of recombinant forms. As for the 2002 sample, all the clones from the pol gene clustered only with the subtype A reference strain, while all the env clones clustered only with subtype D, denoting a dominance of an A/D recombinant form. These results indicate that in patients dually infected with subtypes A and D there is an ongoing generation and selection for A/D recombinant forms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Elijah M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Songok
authors.forename: Raphael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lwembe
authors.forename: Rukia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kibaya
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Nicaise
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ndembi
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vulule
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Fredrick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okoth
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D015752:Genes, env; D015751:Genes, pol; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments