title: Acute and chronic renal failure.
abstract: Renal failure is defined as a deterioration of kidney function that results in the retention of nitrogenous waste products. It is increasingly prevalent in older populations, individuals with diabetes or hypertension, and postoperative patients. Therefore, podiatric physicians caring for these populations can expect to encounter this condition frequently. This article describes the epidemiology, causes, complications, and appropriate evaluation of renal failure relevant to a practicing podiatric physician. Also highlighted are treatment considerations, renal dosing of medications, and prevention of contrast nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island and Brown Medical School, Pawtucket, RI 02860, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Crausman
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D011032:Podiatry
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media