title: A lethal association of congenital apnea with brainstem tegmental necrosis.
abstract: We present a female with premature birth, polyhydramnios, congenital apnea, cranial nerve palsies, orofacial and limb anomalies. Neuroimaging revealed calcifications along the vental margin of the caudal fourth ventricle. Neuropathologic findings at postmortem examination were consistent with brainstem tegmental necrosis and olivary hypoplasia, a rare lethal entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital apnea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: G Robert
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Delong
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barboriak
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cummings
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001049:Apnea / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004453:Echoencephalography; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009336:Necrosis; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed