title: Novel alpha-pyrones produced by a marine Pseudomonas sp. F92S91: taxonomy and biological activities.
abstract: Inhibitors of the enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) have been reported as antibacterial agents. These include thiolactomycin, cerulenin, triclosan, diazoborine, naphthyridinones, aminopyridines and pyridoindoles. Our search for new FAB inhibitors, using a lacZ reporter cell-based screen, led to several confirmed hits. Culture F92S91, later identified as a Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S profiling, was found to produce two alpha-pyrones (I and II) and three high molecular weight peptides. The pyrones were unstable under acidic conditions, and they were rearranged into a furanone derivative (III). Of these compounds, pyrone I was the most active with MICs (microg/ml) against B. subtilis (1 to approximately 2), MRSA (2 to approximately 4), M. catarrhalis (4) and VRE (2 to approximately 64). Effects on macromolecular synthesis and membrane functions were tested in B. subtilis. Pyrone I nonspecifically inhibited incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into DNA, RNA and protein within 5 minutes of drug exposure, similar to that of triclosan. Both compounds also inhibited the cellular uptake of these precursors. Cerulenin did not have an effect until 30 minutes of drug treatment. Pyrone I and triclosan were membrane-active (BacLight test); however, pyrone I (at < or = 128 microg/ml concentration) was not hemolytic to human RBCs in contrast to triclosan, which was hemolytic at 16 microg/ml. These data suggest that pyrone-I, unlike triclosan, selectively affects bacterial membrane function.
authors.affiliation: Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA. singhm@wyeth.com
authors.forename: Maya P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Fangming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Janso
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Paola A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Valerie S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bernan
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenstein
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D005285:Fermentation; D006461:Hemolysis; D008386:Marine Biology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011753:Pyrones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S