title: Plague in Kazakhstan at the present time.
abstract: Since 1990 to 2002, 19 human plague cases and 2 bacteria-carriers cases were registered in natural plague foci on the territory of the republic. For last 12 years plague in forms of bubonic and bubonic-septic was diagnosed in Kazakhstan. Out of 19 patients (14 men--73.6% and 5 women--26.3%), 13 persons recovered (8.4%), 6 persons died (31.6%). Employment of the treatment in the new scheme sharply lowered lethality from plague. Live attenuated Y. pestis EV vaccine available for human and camel use is applied as a basic preventive measure in plague natural foci. Epidemiological importance of ill camels remains high. At the analyzed period, in 5 cases infection was a result of forced camel slaughter. 11 people (57.8%) were infected through flea bites. Central Asian desert plague focus is still the most active and its potential to start epidemic increases in connection with rising of anthropogenic influence. All these changes occur on the background of epidemiological survey decreasing in natural plague foci.
authors.affiliation: Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan. aam@ksqzd.kz
authors.forename: Alim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aikimbajev
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meka-Mechenko
authors.forename: Gulnara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Temiralieva
authors.forename: Jumabek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bekenov
authors.forename: Zaurbek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sagiyev
authors.forename: Kani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaljan
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mukhambetova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010930:Plague / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000302:isolation & purification*