title: Plasmodium yoelii: identification and partial characterization of an MDR1 gene in an artemisinin-resistant line.
abstract: The molecular mechanisms by which the malarial parasite has managed to develop resistance to many antimalarial drugs remain to be completely elucidated. Mutations in the pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum, as well as an increase in pfmdr1 copy number, have been associated with resistance to the quinoline-containing antimalarial drugs. We investigated the mechanisms of drug resistance in Plasmodium using a collection of P. yoelii lines with different drug resistance profiles. The mdr1 gene of P. yoelii (pymdr1) was identified and characterized. A 2- to 3-fold increase in the pymdr1 gene copy number was observed in the P. yoelii ART line (artemisinin resistant) when compared with the NS parental line. The pymdr1 gene was mapped to a chromosome of 2.1 Mb in all lines analyzed. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot experiments confirmed the expression of the gene at the RNA and protein levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrer-Rodríguez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Rosado
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: Wallace
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Adelfa E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Serrano
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D019450:Genes, MDR / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010967:Plasmodium yoelii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger