title: An essential role for the His-8 residue of the SDF-1alpha-chimeric, tropism-redirected Env protein of the Moloney murine leukemia virus in regulating postbinding fusion events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To use retroviral vectors for the cell-specific delivery of genes, it is necessary to redirect their receptor tropism to cell-specific receptors. Previously, we reported that a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) retroviral vector containing a human stromal-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha)-chimeric envelope protein (Env) (S3) acquired the ability to transduce human cells via CXCR4, the cognate receptor for SDF-1alpha, while retaining the ability to transduce mouse cells via mCAT1.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed expression plasmids for derivatives of the S3 Env protein; S3-D84K containing an Asp-84-to-Lys (D84K) substitution, S3-H8R-D84K containing D84K and an additional His-8-to-Arg substitution, and S3-D84K-RY containing D84K and additional Gln-227-to-Arg plus Asp-243-to-Tyr substitutions which have been suggested to suppress the loss of function of His-8. Cellular expression, virion incorporation, and entry functions of these derivatives were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three derivatives were incorporated into virions. The S3-D84K vector lost its ecotropism, but could transduce CXCR4-expressing human and mouse cells at titers of 10(3) to 10(4) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. The S3-H8R-D84K vector did not show transduction, although its Env protein could bind to CXCR4. The transduction titer of the S3-D84K-RY vector via CXCR4 was slightly lower than that of the S3-D84K vector. These results indicate that the His-8 residue of the S3-D84K Env protein is indispensable and may be fully functional in postbinding membrane fusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insertion of a ligand at Pro-79 of the Moloney MLV Env protein has proved to be a valuable strategy for constructing direct targeting retroviral vectors, since it permits the formation of a redirected Env protein without ecotropism, and it does not disrupt the function of the essential His-8 residue.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cell Science Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katane
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amanuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000494:pharmacology; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002460:Cell Line; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006639:Histidine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D051379:Mice; D008979:Moloney murine leukemia virus / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D015686:Gene Products, env; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D006639:Histidine