title: Growth inhibition of breast epithelial cells by celecoxib is associated with upregulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 expression.
abstract: Several experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested a role for the use of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors in the prevention of breast cancer. The relative lack of toxicity associated with these compounds favors their use as chemopreventive agents, but the underlying mechanism of their chemopreventive effect remains unclear. We have observed that the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in the immortalized breast epithelial cell line 184htert. Microarray gene expression analysis of 184htert cells treated with 50 microM celecoxib for 6h revealed the modulation of several genes of interest, including a significant induction of expression of the mRNA encoding insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). IGFBP-3 is a potent pro-apoptotic protein and growth inhibitor of breast cancer cells, which acts mainly by inhibiting the access of the mitogens IGF-I and IGF-II to their cell surface receptor, but also via IGF-independent effects. Quantitative real-time RT PCR demonstrated that 50 microM celecoxib induced a approximately 3-fold increase in expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA after 6h. Furthermore, ligand blot analysis revealed that celecoxib treatment was associated with the upregulation of IGFBP-3 at the protein level. IGFBP-3 (500 ng/ml) treatment of 184htert cells inhibited IGF-I and serum-induced proliferation, but had no effect on cell growth under serum-free conditions, indicating that IGF-independent effects of IGFBP-3 are not observed in this system. Our results suggest that celecoxib may decrease IGF-I-associated breast cancer risk by a mechanism involving induction of expression of IGFBP-3 and subsequent reduced proliferation of at-risk breast epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1E2.
authors.forename: Randy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Marie-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Blouin
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaub
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Triche
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollak
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib