title: Angiotensin II-induced ERK1/ERK2 activation and protein synthesis are redox-dependent in glomerular mesangial cells.
abstract: Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates hypertrophy of glomerular mesangial cells. The signalling mechanism by which Ang II exerts this effect is not precisely known. Downstream potential targets of Ang II are the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/ERK2). We demonstrate that Ang II activates ERK1/ERK2 via the AT1 receptor. Arachidonic acid (AA) mimics the action of Ang II on ERK1/ERK2 and phospholipase A2 inhibitors blocked Ang II-induced ERK1/ERK2 activation. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine as well as the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors diphenylene iodonium and phenylarsine oxide abolished both Ang II- and AA-induced ERK1/ERK2 activation. Moreover, dominant-negative Rac1 (N17Rac1) blocks activation of ERK1/ERK2 in response to Ang II and AA, whereas constitutively active Rac1 resulted in an increase in ERK1/ERK2 activity. Antisense oligonucleotides for Nox4 NAD(P)H oxidase significantly reduce activation of ERK1/ERK2 by Ang II and AA. We also show that protein synthesis in response to Ang II and AA is inhibited by N17Rac1 or MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase) inhibitor. These results demonstrate that Ang II stimulates ERK1/ERK2 by AA and Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species, suggesting that these molecules act as downstream signal transducers of Ang II in the signalling pathway linking the Ang II receptor AT1 to ERK1/ERK2 activation. This pathway involving AA, Rac1, Nox4, reactive oxygen species and ERK1/ERK2 may play an important role in Ang II-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. gorin@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gorin
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ricono
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Nam-Ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Basant
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Goutam Ghosh
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Hanna E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Abboud
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010452:Peptide Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000804:Angiotensin II; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C498911:Nox4 protein, rat; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein