title: Inhibitory effects of Caesalpinia sappan on growth and invasion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia sappan against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and effect of Caesalpinia sappan extract on the invasion of MRSA to human mucosal fibroblasts (HMFs). Chloroform, n-butanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of the Caesalpinia sappan showed antimicrobial activity against standard methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) as well as MRSA. Methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan demonstrated a higher inhibitory activity than n-butanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts. In the checkerboard dilution method, methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan markedly lowered the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin and oxacillin against MRSA. To determine whether methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan inhibits the MRSA invasion to HMFs, the cells were treated with various sub-MIC concentrations of methanol extract and bacterial invasion was assayed. MRSA invasion was notably decreased in the presence of 20-80 microg/ml of Caesalpinia sappan extract compared to the control group. The effect of Caesalpinia sappan extract on MRSA invasion appeared dose-dependent. These results suggest that methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan may have antimicrobial activity and the potential to restore the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics against MRSA, and inhibit the MRSA invasion to HMFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyeon-Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Seung-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jung-Dan
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Shin-Moo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Ouk
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D029911:Caesalpinia; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents