title: [Comparison of analgesics used during balanced anesthesia on the incidence of PONV].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When we make reference to the quality of anesthesia, we consider three points, early emergence, postoperative pain relief, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Among these, PONV is comparatively neglected. Many analgesics used during anesthesia may cause PONV.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of PONV was assessed in 100 surgical patients who had received balanced anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, ketamine, midazolam and buprenorphine (Group P), or butorphanol (Group T), and vecuronium was given to facilitate tracheal intubation. The patients received balanced anesthesia with infusion of propofol, ketamine, vecuronium, and either buprenorphine (Group P) or butorphanol (Group T), with nitrous oxide. PONV was recorded for 24 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidences of nausea were 27.1% in Group P and 15.8% in Group T (NS). Incidences of vomiting were 12.5% in Group P and 5.3% in Group T (NS). However, a high incidence of PONV was found in female (42.2%) vs. male (6.2%) (P < 0.01) and in over 25 BMI group (34.5%) vs. under 25 BMI group (15.5%) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of analgesics used during balanced anesthesia is not important for development of PONV, but patient's factors, such as gender and BMI, are more closely associated with PONV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Shunjukai Shiroyama Hospital, Habikino 583-0852
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onaka
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002047:Buprenorphine; D002077:Butorphanol; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine; D002077:Butorphanol