title: Modulation of clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis. III. Response of "high responders" and "low responders" to therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to characterize the subject-based clinical behavior of the gingiva in response to a tooth-cleaning regimen in two subpopulations, "high-responder" (HR) and "low-responder" (LR) groups, presenting a different inflammatory response to plaque accumulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised of 96 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects, 46 males and 50 females, non-smokers, enrolled in an experimental gingivitis trial. At completion of the experimental gingivitis period (day 21), all subjects were prescribed the same 21-day treatment regimen of amine/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF(2))-containing toothpaste and mouthrinse. Plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), and angulated bleeding score (AngBS) were recorded on three selected teeth. Treatment efficacy was evaluated in the overall population as well as in HR and LR groups, separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant decrease of PlI was observed after treatment (p<0.001), with PlI reversing to baseline levels. Changes in PlI revealed the same trend in both HR and LR groups, without differences between groups. Treatment also resulted in a significant decrease of all gingivitis parameters (p<0.001 for all comparisons). After treatment, GI, AngBS, and GCF were comparable with baseline condition. However, when the two groups were compared, day 42-GCF was significantly higher in the HR group than the LR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A treatment regimen based on mechanical plaque control supplemented with AmF/SnF(2)-containing toothpaste and mouthrinse is effective in reducing plaque accumulation and re-establishing healthy gingival conditions after experimentally induced gingivitis, even in subjects with different inflammatory response to plaque accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for the Study of Periodontal Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. l.trombelli@unife.it
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trombelli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scapoli
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orlandini
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bottega
authors.forename: Dimitris N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tatakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010512:Periodontal Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D014100:Toothpastes; C059813:Meridol