title: Intraoperative neurophysiologic discovery of uncrossed sensory and motor pathways in a patient with horizontal gaze palsy and scoliosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the intraoperative neurophysiologic discovery of clinically unsuspected non-decussation of the somatosensory and motor pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and transcranial electric stimulation (TES) muscle motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring during scoliosis surgery for a 16 year old patient with familial horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. Our routine procedures included optimizing tibial cortical SEP monitoring derivations through saggital and coronal (C4', C2', Cz', C1', C3'-mastoid) P37 mapping, which surprisingly indicated non-decussation. Consequently, we also obtained coronal median nerve SEPs and simultaneous bilateral muscle recordings to lateralized TES (C3-Cz, C4-Cz) intraoperatively and focal hand area transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each nerve, tibial P37/N37 distribution was contralateral/ipsilateral and median N20 ipsilateral. For each hemisphere, ipsilateral TES MEPs had lower thresholds and TMS MEPs were exclusively ipsilateral. Accurate monitoring required reversed montages. Reevaluation of an MRI (previously reported normal) disclosed a ventral midline cleft of the medulla.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate uncrossed dorsal column-medial lemniscal and corticospinal pathways due to brain-stem malformation with absent internal arcuate and pyramidal decussations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous bilateral recording to unilateral stimulation demonstrates SEP/MEP hemispheric origin and is important for accurate interpretation and monitoring because decussation anomalies exist.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, MBC 76, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. dmacdonald@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Streletz
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Al-Zayed
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdool
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stigsby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000473:pathology; D009068:Movement; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012677:Sensation