title: Effect of porcine parvovirus vaccination on the development of PMWS in segregated early weaned pigs coinfected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine if coinfection of segregated early weaned (SEW) pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) induces an increase in the incidence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) compared to singular PCV2 infection, and to determine if vaccination against PPV protects pigs against PMWS associated with PCV2/PPV coinfection in SEW pigs. Seventy, 3-week-old, SEW pigs were randomly assigned to one of the five groups. Pigs in group 1 (n = 14) served as the negative controls, group 2 pigs (n = 14) were inoculated with PCV2, group 3 pigs (n = 12) were inoculated with PPV, groups 4 (n = 16) and 5 (n = 14) pigs were inoculated with both PCV2 and PPV. Pigs in groups 1-3 and 5 were vaccinated with two doses of a killed parvovirus-leptospira-erysipelothrix (PLE) vaccine prior to inoculation. The PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs (groups 4 and 5) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher and more persistent fevers than the singular PCV2-infected pigs. One pig in each of the coinfected groups developed clinical disease (fever, respiratory disease, jaundice, weight loss) consistent with PMWS. Lymphoid depletion was significantly (P < 0.05) more severe in the dually-infected pigs at 42 days post-inoculation (DPI). Vaccinated, coinfected pigs (group 5) remained viremic significantly (P < 0.05) longer and had higher copy numbers of genomic PCV2 DNA in sera at 28, 35, and 42 DPI compared to the unvaccinated coinfected pigs (group 4). PPV-viremia was detected only in the unvaccinated group 4 pigs. PLE-vaccination prevented PPV-viremia but did not prevent clinical PMWS or reduce the severity of lymphoid depletion in PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs. Evidence of increased incidence of clinical PMWS due to vaccination was not observed in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opriessnig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fenaux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gallup
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Pallares
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lager
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Halbur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D028323:Parvovirus, Porcine / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019282:Wasting Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines