title: Competition between ammonia derived from internal glutamine hydrolysis and hydroxylamine present in the solution for incorporation into UTP as catalysed by Lactococcus lactis CTP synthase.
abstract: CTP synthase catalyses the reaction: glutamine+UTP+ATP --> glutamate+CTP+ADP+P(i). The reaction is greatly stimulated by the allosteric binding of GTP. In addition to glutamine that is hydrolysed by the enzyme to ammonia and glutamate, CTP synthase will also utilise external sources of amino donors such as NH(4)Cl. This reaction is no longer dependent on allosteric activation by GTP. Hydroxylamine is also a substrate for Lactococcus lactis CTP synthase and results in the formation of N4-OH CTP. This product has the feature that it absorbs at 300nm where CTP absorption was shown to be greatly reduced and enabled the determination of N4-OH CTP formation in the presence of CTP synthesis derived from glutamine hydrolysis. Differences in initial rates determined for the hydroxylamine dependent reaction at 291nm in the presence and absence of glutamine and GTP were ascribed to simultaneous CTP and N4-OH CTP synthesis in the presence of these compounds. A characterisation of the apparent inhibition by GTP and glutamine of N4-OH CTP synthesis determined at 300nm showed that glutamine dependent CTP synthesis occurs at a rate of about 60% of that in the absence of hydroxylamine. GTP dependent inhibition of the ammonium chloride dependent reaction of L. lactis CTP synthase by the glutamine analog glutamate gamma-semialdehyde showed a partial inhibition with a maximum inhibition of about 60%. These results are interpreted in terms of a "half of the sites" mechanism for glutamine hydrolysis on CTP synthase.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Crystallographic Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. martin@ccs.ki.ku.dk
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willemoës
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D003570:Cytidine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D019811:Hydroxylamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D012996:Solutions; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005971:Glutamates; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012996:Solutions; D005973:Glutamine; D019811:Hydroxylamine; C021199:glutamic acid gamma-semialdehyde; D003570:Cytidine Triphosphate; D000641:Ammonia; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; C019951:CTP synthetase; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate