title: Intraparotid injection of botulinum toxin A as a treatment to control sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the management of drooling (sialorrhea) in children and young adults with cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one children were enrolled in an open-label, nonblinded prospective study. Subjective and objective measures were used to determine the effect of botulinum toxin A on drooling and saliva production. Subjective measures included visual scales to document the child's severity and frequency of drooling. Objective measures included the number of bibs used per day and salivary secretion. At the initial visit, subjective and objective measures established the child's baseline drooling and saliva production. Fifteen units of botulinum toxin A was injected into each parotid glans. At each fellow-up visit of telephone survey, subjective and objective measures were recorded to monitor the child's drooling and saliva production. A postinjection questionnaire evaluated overall effect and caregiver satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The visual analog scales and number of bibs used per day demonstrated statistically significant reduction in severity and frequency of drooling at 2 wks, 1 mo and 2 mos. Salivary production was significantly reduced at 1-mo fellow-up. Eighty-nine percent of the caregivers reported and improvement of their child's drooling after botulinum toxin A injection. Severity-nine percent of caregivers were satisfied with the treatment and would perform the treatment again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraparotid injections of botulinum toxin A are efficacious in decreasing severity and frequency of drooling, the number of bibs used per day, and the production of saliva in children with cerebral palsy. The injections are relatively safe and adverse effects were observed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07091, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Savarese
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elovic
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Millis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A