title: Anatomic and physiologic considerations in ureteroscopy.
abstract: The successful and safe implementation of ureteroscopic techniques depends on considerations of anatomy and physiology. Combining knowledge of the drainage system of the kidney with its vascular supply, predictive patterns of incisions can be applied within the collecting system to safely avoid vascular injury. In addition, awareness of the variation in normal and pathologic anatomy and physiology is key to effective interventions. An appreciation of the impact of ureteroscopy on normal anatomy and physiology can prevent complications and promote improved therapeutic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 05610, USA. mshnor@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Margarett
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shnorhavorian
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014513:Ureter / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D020709:Ureteroscopes / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014553:Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena