title: Bronchiolitis obliterans: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) occurs in both post-lung transplant and nontransplant-related individuals, and is characterized by mainly irreversible airflow obstruction that is often ultimately progressive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While post-lung transplant BO is a major cause of lung allograft dysfunction, and hence is better characterized than nontransplant-related BO, it is likely that many similarities in pathogenesis and treatment apply to both categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimal management for BO remains to be established, and the role of retransplantation in this disease requires further consensus. Minimization of risk factors for BO and earlier detection in the form of methacholine challenge testing and HRCT scans of the chest amongst other forms of detection, may help in the stabilization and possible resolution of early BO.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Roblee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology*; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed