title: Endoscopic resection with a two-channel videoendoscope for gastric carcinoid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic resection has been used to treat hypergastrinemia-associated early carcinoid tumors of the stomach. However, indications for endoscopic treatment of these tumors have not been established. Moreover, endoscopic resection of these tumors is often difficult with conventional polypectomy, because these tumors are often located in the submucosal layer. To completely remove these tumors, we used a two-channel videoendoscope with which both grasping forceps and a polypectomy snare could be used simultaneously.
  
  
  METHODS
  At Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, eight carcinoid tumors in six patients were removed with a two-channel videoendoscope. Reports of early carcinoid tumor in Japanese literature were reviewed to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and the size and depth of involvement of these tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six carcinoid tumors were completely removed "en bloc", but two tumors were incompletely removed. In these two patients, submucosal tumor invasion was observed on the excision line. To completely remove these tumors, the oral side, but not the top, of the tumor should be strongly grasped and pulled toward the center of the lumen as far as possible by the grasping forceps, which had been passed through the snare loop. Endoscopic follow-up studies showed no local recurrence in any patients with and without complete tumor resection during the average observation period of 30 months. A review of histological reports in Japanese literature showed that lymph node metastasis did not occur when the tumors were less than 10 mm in diameter, and could be completely removed by an endoscope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic resection with a two-channel videoendoscope is a useful and safe method for resection of small carcinoid tumors of the stomach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan. cozy@pop21.odn.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narahara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uedo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsuta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D020699:Gastroscopes; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins