title: [Seminiferous tubule scores used for quantitative assessment of spermatogenic function of patients with azoospermia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical reliability of quantitative evaluation by seminiferous tubule scores on spermatogenesis dysfunction, using the testis tissues of azoospermia patients for analysis of histological changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twelve Chinese patients with azoospermia underwent open testicular biopsy and their testicular biopsy specimens were evaluated by 10-score (on testicular biopsy) and 5-Grade (on seminiferous tubule spermatogenesis) scale. The 112 patient, 22 to 46 years old [(29.0 +/- 4.4) years old] included 105 cases of obstructive and 7 cases non-obstructive azoospermia. Of the total number, there were 96 primary infertile cases and 16 secondary infertile cases with infertile marriage of 2-12 years [(4.0 +/- 2.8) years]. Various seminiferous tubule characteristics were categorized by 10-score as follows: [1] degenerating Sertoli cells and no germinal epithelium; [2] no germ cells and only Sertoli cells; [3] no spermatids and primary spermatocytes and only spermatogonia; [4] no spermatids and few primary spermatocytes; [5] no spermatids and numerous primary spermatocytes; [6] no mature spermatids and few round immature spermatids; [7] no mature spermatids and numerous round immature spermatids; [8] < 20 mature spermatids/tubules, germinal epithelium height < 80 microns and spermiation absent; [9] > 20 mature spermatids/tubules, germinal epithelium height < 80 microns and spermiation rarely < 80 microns; [10] > 20 mature spermatids/tubule and germinal epithelium height 80 microns and spermiation common. Seminiferous tubule spermatogenesis was catagorized by 5-Grade scale as follows: [1] tubular sclerosis; [2] sertoli cell only; [3] arrested spermatogenesis; [4] reduced spermatogenesis; [5] intact spermatogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In terms of the 10-score scale on testicular biopsy, scores of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 corresponded with total patient numbers of 5 (4.5%), 38(33.9%), 2(1.8%), 6(5.4%), 2(1.8%), 17(15.2%), 6(5.4%), 19(17%), 10(8.9%) and 7(6.3%), respectively. According to the 5-Grade scale on the seminiferous tubule spermatogenesis, Grades 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 corresponded with 5(4.5%), 38(33.9%), 33(29.5%), 29(25.9%) and 7 (6.3%), respectively. Tubular diameter, the thickness of the lamina propria, the height of the germinal epithelium and serum FSH correlated with the average seminiferous tubule scores (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The seminiferous tubule scores obtained through testicular biopsy may provide important quantitative information concerning the etiology and pathogenesis and of azoospermia may serve as a helpful guide to the fundamental, clinical and therapeutical study of element, clinic and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Guizhong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhongcheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tongli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Wujiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yanqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013091:Spermatogenesis
chemical_list: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone