title: Rapid mobilization of CD34+ cells following administration of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interactions between the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand stromal derived factor-1 regulate hematopoietic stem-cell trafficking. AMD3100 is a CXCR4 antagonist that induces rapid mobilization of CD34+ cells in healthy volunteers. We performed a phase I study assessing the safety and clinical effects of AMD3100 in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients (MM, n=7; NHL, n=6) received AMD3100 at a dose of either 160 microg/kg (n=6) or 240 microg/kg (n=7). WBC and peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cell counts were analyzed at 4 and 6 hours following injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMD3100 caused a rapid and statistically significant increase in the total WBC and PB CD34+ counts at both 4 and 6 hours following a single injection. The absolute CD34+ cell count increased from a baseline of 2.6 +/- 0.7/microL (mean +/- SE) to 15.6 +/- 3.9/microL and 16.2 +/- 4.3/microL at 4 hours (P=.002) and 6 hours after injection (P =.003), respectively. The absolute CD34+ cell counts observed at 4 and 6 hours following AMD3100 were higher in the 240 microg/kg group (19.3 +/- 6.9/microL and 20.4 +/- 7.6/microL, respectively) compared with the 160 microg/kg group (11.3 +/- 2.7/microL and 11.3 +/- 2.5/microL, respectively). The drug was well tolerated and only grade 1 toxicities were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMD3100 appears to be a safe and effective agent for the rapid mobilization of CD34+ cells in patients who have received prior chemotherapy. Further studies in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with lymphoid malignancies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. sdevine@im.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Flomenberg
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Vesole
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liesveld
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weisdorf
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Badel
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calandra
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: DiPersio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D001596:Benzylamines; D000080027:Cyclams; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization / Q000379:methods*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D001596:Benzylamines; D000080027:Cyclams; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C088327:plerixafor