title: Temporal trends of cardiac and respiratory responses to ventilatory challenges in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
abstract: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) patients exhibit respiratory deficits to ventilatory challenges, diminished breathing drive during sleep, and reduction of respiratory-related heart rate variation, but at least partially preserved peripheral chemoreception. We hypothesized that integration of afferent activity with respiratory motor output is deficient in CCHS, rather than chemoreceptor failure, and that examination of trends in heart and breathing rates and variabilities following ventilatory challenges may clarify the deficient mechanisms. Twelve children with CCHS and 12 age- and gender-matched control cases were subjected to hyperoxic hypercapnic, poikylocapnic hypoxic, and hyperoxic challenges while supine. Heart and respiratory rates and variabilities during 60-s baseline and 120-s challenge periods were assessed. Hypoxia and hypercapnia enhanced breathing rate in control subjects; in CCHS cases, the rise differed during hypercapnia and did not occur to hypoxia. Hyperoxia showed initial transient patterns in breathing rate that differed between groups. A heart rate increase to hypoxia and late decline to hyperoxia were muted in CCHS patients. In hypercapnia, heart rate followed similar rising patterns in both groups. Overall CCHS heart rate variability was lower in baseline and challenge periods, principally due to diminished respiratory-related variation, especially during hypercapnia. No heart rate variability group differences emerged in hypoxia, and only a late increase for CCHS cases developed in hyperoxia. The findings indicate retention of aspects of chemoreceptor sensitivity in CCHS cases. The heart rate alterations to ventilatory challenges suggest specific compensatory responses of a slower nature remain intact in CCHS, whereas other rapidly changing components are deficient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Macey
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valderama
authors.forename: Amy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozal
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Keens
authors.forename: Rebecca K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology