title: MR imaging quantification of cerebellar growth following hypoxic-ischemic injury to the neonatal brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebellar atrophy may occur as a result of a primary injury, such as infarction or hemorrhage. Impaired growth of a non-injured cerebellum may be seen as a secondary effect related to damage in other remote but connected areas of the brain, or so-called diaschisis. We sought to determine whether perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury leads to poor cerebellar growth and whether such impairment occurs asymmetrically in infants with predominantly unilateral brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a computerized quantification program to measure cerebellar size by using serial MR images. Term-born infants presenting with encephalopathy and/or seizures presumed due to a hypoxic-ischemic insult within 48 hours of delivery were included if they had two or more volume acquisition images obtained at least 3 months apart but within the first 15 months of delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When data were grouped by MR appearances, significant differences in total cerebellum growth were seen between infants with focal infarction and those with basal ganglia and thalamic injury (P <.001). Unilateral forebrain lesions shown on MR imaging were not predictive of asymmetric cerebellar growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants with focal infarction of the cerebral hemisphere had an apparently normal pattern of growth in both cerebellar hemispheres. However, in infants with severe basal ganglia and thalamic lesions, cerebellar growth was reduced, and the vermis showed little or no growth during the first year after birth.
authors.affiliation: Robert Steiner Magnetic Resonance Unit, Imaging Sciences Department, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, England, UK.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Strange
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Frances M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: A David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rutherford
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed