title: Biological determinants of serum ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin and L-selectin levels in healthy subjects: the Stanislas study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating levels of adhesion molecules increase in various inflammation-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis. However, data about factors influencing their concentrations in physiological conditions are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have studied the determinants of serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin and L-selectin in a sample of healthy individuals: 303 children (4-17 years) and 493 adults (18-55 years). The concentrations of these molecules have been measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As far as the children are concerned, a decrease in the levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin and L-selectin has been noticed for both boys and girls aged 4-17 years, without any difference between genders. For the adults, no age-related variation has been found for the ICAM-1, E-selectin and P-selectin levels, while the L-selectin level decreased until 55 years old. In the adult group, no sex-related difference in the concentrations of ICAM-1, E-selectin and L-selectin has been seen. As to the P-selectin level, men had significantly higher levels than women. Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significant positive determinants of the ICAM-1 concentration, whereas age and apo AI were negative ones. The E-selectin level was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), leukocyte, platelet and erythrocyte counts, glucose, ALP and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and negatively related to the use of oral contraceptive (OC). Positive determinants of the P-selectin concentration were leukocyte, platelet and erythrocyte counts, whereas sex, the use of oral contraceptive, glucose and TNF-alpha were negative determinants of P-selectin. Only two determinants have been noticed for the concentration of serum L-selectin: age, which was negatively correlated, and leukocyte count, which was positively associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study contributes to the understanding of the regulation of adhesion molecules in physiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 525, 30 rue Lionnois, 54000 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponthieux
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herbeth
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Droesch
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haddy
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Visvikis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D010976:Platelet Count; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase