title: Novel quinolinequinone antitumor agents: structure-metabolism studies with NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1).
abstract: A series of quinolinequinones bearing various substituents has been synthesized, and the effects of substituents on the metabolism of the quinones by recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (hNQO1) was studied. A range of quinolinequinones were selected for study, and were specifically designed to probe the effects of aryl substituents at C-2. A range of 28 quinolinequinones 2-29 was prepared using three general strategies: the palladium(0) catalyzed coupling of 2-chloroquinolines, the classical Friedländer synthesis and the double-Vilsmeier reaction of acetanilides. One example of an isoquinolinequinone 30 was also prepared, and the reduction potentials of the quinones were measured by cyclic voltammetry. For simple substituents R(2) at the quinoline 2-position, the rates of quinone metabolism by hNQO1 decrease for R(2)=Cl>H approximately Me>Ph. For aromatic substituents, the rate of reduction decreases dramatically for R(2)=Ph>1-naphthyl>2-naphthyl>4-biphenyl. Compounds containing a pyridine substituent are the best substrates, and the rates decrease as R(2)=4-pyridyl>3-pyridyl>2-pyridyl>4-methyl-2-pyridyl>5-methyl-2-pyridyl. The toxicity toward human colon carcinoma cells with either no detectable activity (H596 or BE-WT) or high NQO1 activity (H460 or BE-NQ) was also studied in representative quinones. Quinones that are good substrates for hNQO1 are more toxic to the NQO1 containing or expressing cell lines (H460 and BE-NQ) than the NQO1 deficient cell lines (H596 and BE-WT).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fryatt
authors.forename: Hanna I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: Walter T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Gardipee
authors.forename: Kurtis C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Alexandra M Z
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Slawin
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moody
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D011809:Quinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011809:Quinones; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)