title: Nitric oxide: inhibitory effects on endothelial cell calcium signaling, prostaglandin I2 production and nitric oxide synthase expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nitric oxide (NO) produced in large amounts by inducible nitric oxide synthase exerts many harmful effects such as stimulation of inflammation and induction of apoptosis. The effects of excessive NO production on functions of endothelial cells, the major physiological source of NO, are not completely known. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NO on the regulation of endothelial cell Ca2+ signaling and endothelial cell function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) were used for all these studies. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were measured using fura-2/AM. Production of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and cyclic GMP were assessed using enzyme immunoassays, and endothelial NO synthase protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bradykinin (BK, 10 nM) and thapsigargin (TG, 1 microM) provoked large increases in [Ca2+]i. The NO donor NOC12 reduced these responses, respectively, by 21% and 31% at 100 microM, 60% and 55% at 300 microM, and 74% and 78% at 500 microM. These effects were also observed with other NO donors including spermine NONOate and NOC18, and were completely prevented by carboxy-PTIO (200 microM), an NO scavenger. 8-Bromo-cGMP, however, had no effects on BK- and TG-stimulated Ca2+ responses. A 30-fold increase in PGI2 production was observed in cells stimulated with BK. NOC12 again reduced this response by 12%, 54%, 83% and 95% at 10, 100, 300 and 500 microM, respectively. Endothelial NO synthase protein level was reduced by 2%, 15%, 36 and 47% after 2, 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively, of incubation with NOC18, a NO donor with long half-life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NO, when produced in large amounts, can inhibit agonist-induced Ca2+ responses independently of cyclic GMP, reduce the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) and interfere with endothelial NO synthase protein expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Quang-Kim
authors.initials: QK
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.forename: Daigo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ignarro
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D013552:Swine; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019284:Thapsigargin; D011464:Epoprostenol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D001920:Bradykinin