title: Intraosseous gentamicin perfusion of the distal metacarpus in standing horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report tissue gentamicin concentrations after intraosseous (IO) perfusion in standing horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sedated horses had a cannulated cortical bone screw inserted into the dorsolateral aspect of the treated metacarpus and a tourniquet applied proximally. Gentamicin (2.2 mg/kg) diluted in sterile saline solution (0.1 mL/kg) was infused through the screw. Two horses were euthanatized at each time interval: 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours. Synovial fluid and bone samples were collected distal to the screw from both forelimbs. Gentamicin concentrations were measured using fluorescence polarization immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest synovial fluid gentamicin concentrations were 385+/-273 microg/mL (mean+/-SD) in the metacarpophalangeal joint, 225+/-205 microg/mL in the proximal interphalangeal joint, 215+/-205 microg/mL in the distal interphalangeal joint, 382+/-195 microg/mL in the digital flexor tendon sheath, and 206+/-161 microg/mL in the navicular bursa. The highest bone concentrations of gentamicin were 55+/-30 microg/g in the distal metacarpus, 34+/-27 microg/g in the proximal, 16+/-15 microg/g in the middle, and 16+/-2.2 microg/g in the distal phalanges, and 27+/-17 microg/g in the proximal and 24+/-11 microg/g in the distal sesamoid bones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standing IO perfusion of gentamicin resulted in local antibiotic concentrations in the synovial structures and bones of the distal aspect of the limb that exceed the reported minimum inhibitory concentration of pathogens commonly implicated in equine orthopedic infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standing IO perfusion of gentamicin in the distal aspect of the limb should be considered for treatment of orthopedic infections of this region in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada. smattson@ovc.uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bouré
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurtig
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008663:Metacarpus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011187:Posture; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins