title: Association between early and three month cognitive outcome after off-pump and on-pump coronary bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the association between cognitive outcome in the first postoperative week and that at three months after both off-pump and on-pump coronary bypass surgery, and to make a direct comparison of early cognitive outcome after off-pump versus on-pump surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trial with an additional prediction study within the two randomised groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three centres for heart surgery in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  281 patients, mean age 61 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to off-pump or on-pump coronary bypass surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive outcome, assessed by psychologists who administered neuropsychological tests one day before and four days and three months after surgery. A logistic regression model was used to study the predictive association between early cognitive outcome, together with eight clinical variables, and cognitive outcome after three months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitive outcome in the first week after surgery was determined for 219 patients and was a predictor of cognitive decline after three months. This association was stronger in on-pump patients (odds ratio (OR) 5.24, p < 0.01) than in off-pump patients (OR 1.80, p = 0.23). Early decline was present in 54 patients (49%) after off-pump surgery and 61 patients (57%) after on-pump surgery (OR 0.73, p = 0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing first time coronary bypass surgery, early cognitive decline predicts cognitive outcome after three months. Early cognitive decline is not significantly influenced by the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. ddijk@azu.nl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: K G M
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: A M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Keizer
authors.forename: E W L
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hijman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Diephuis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.forename: P P T
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: de Jaegere
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kalkman
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016896:Treatment Outcome