title: Maternal depression and low maternal intelligence as risk factors for malnutrition in children: a community based case-control study from South India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether current and postpartum maternal depression and low maternal intelligence are risk factors for malnutrition in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In rural South India 72 children with malnutrition were identified from a central register; 72 controls were matched for age, gender, and residence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major depression in the postpartum period (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 24.0), current major depression (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.5), and low maternal intelligence (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 11.1) were associated with malnutrition in the child. Low birth weight (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.8) was also significantly associated with infant malnutrition. Conditional logistic regression adjusting for all other determinants yielded the following results: major depression during the postpartum period (OR 7.8; 95% CI 1.6 to 38.51), current major depression (OR 3.1; 95% CI 0.9 to 9.7), low maternal intelligence (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.5 to 14.1), and low birth weight (OR 2.7; 95% CI 2.5 to 6.8). The interactions between current maternal depression and low birth weight and between postpartum depression and low maternal intelligence were statistically significant. The level of maternal intelligence was associated with nutritional status. The severity of malnutrition was also significantly associated with major depression during the postpartum period and low maternal intelligence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence for an association between postpartum maternal depression, low maternal intelligence, and low birth weight with malnutrition in children aged 6-12 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anoop
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health