title: Is inflammatory bowel disease an independent and disease specific risk factor for thromboembolism?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are thought to be at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (TE). However, the extent of this risk is not known. Furthermore, it is not known if this risk is specific for IBD or if it is shared by other chronic inflammatory diseases or other chronic bowel diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the risk of TE in patients with IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, and coeliac disease with matched control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects answered a questionnaire assessing the history of TE, any cases of which had to be confirmed radiologically. A total of 618 patients with IBD, 243 with rheumatoid arthritis, 207 with coeliac disease, and 707 control subjects were consecutively included. All three patient groups were compared with control subjects matched to the respective group by age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty eight IBD patients (6.2%) had suffered TE. This was significantly higher compared with the matched control population with only 10 cases reported (1.6%) (p<0.001; odds ratio (OR) 3.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-7.8)). Five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2.1%) had suffered TE compared with six subjects (2.5%) in the control population matched to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (NS; OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.2-2.9)). TE had occurred in two patients with coeliac disease (1%) compared with four subjects (1.9%) in the control population matched to the coeliac disease group (NS; OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.1-2.5)). In 60% of TE cases in the IBD group, at least one IBD specific factor (active disease, stenosis, fistula, abscess) was present at the time TE occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IBD is a risk factor for TE. It seems that TE is a specific feature of IBD as neither rheumatoid arthritis, another chronic inflammatory disease, nor coeliac disease, another chronic bowel disease, had an increased risk of TE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miehsler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reinisch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valic
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Osterode
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tillinger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feichtenschlager
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grisar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Machold
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogelsang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novacek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*