title: Exogenous BH4/Bcl-2 peptide reverts coronary endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelium undergoes apoptosis when exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. ROS are believed to be the cause of damage to small vessels during ischemia-reperfusion injury and of arterial damage during atherosclerosis. Hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis is mediated through the inhibition of Bcl-xl activity and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. The BH4 domain of the Bcl-2 family members is responsible for their antiapoptotic activity. The BH4 domains of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl inhibit cytochrome c release and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The purpose of this project was to study the antiapoptotic effect of cell-permeant derivative of Bcl-2 (BH4 peptide) on endothelial cells exposed to stress conditions. BH4 peptide was conjugated to the cell-permeable peptide TAT and was applied to endothelial cells under conditions of serum starvation and hydrogen peroxide treatment. TAT-BH4 reduced caspase-3 activity and prevented apoptotic cell death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that TAT-BH4 peptide can protect endothelial cells from ROS-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Section, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cantara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donnini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giachetti
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziche
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases