title: Xylanase and mannanase enzymes from Streptomyces galbus NR and their use in biobleaching of softwood kraft pulp.
abstract: Enzymatic pretreatment of softwood kraft pulp was investigated using xylanase and mannanase, singly or in combination, either sequentially or simultaneously. Enzymes were obtained from Streptomyces galbus NR that had been cultivated in a medium, containing either xylan of sugar cane bagasse or galactomannan of palm-seeds, when they were used as sole carbon sources from local wastes in fermentation media. No cellulase activity was detected. Incubation period, temperature, initial pH values and nature of nutritive constituents were investigated. Optimum production of both enzymes was achieved after 5 days incubation on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 35 degrees C and initial pH 7.0. Partial purification of xylanase and mannanase in the cultures supernatant were achieved by salting out at 40-60 and 60-80% ammonium sulphate saturation with a purification of 9.63- and 8.71-fold and 68.80 and 62.79% recovery, respectively. The xylanase and mannanase from S. galbus NR have optimal activity at 50 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Both enzymes were stable at a temperature up to 50 degrees C. Xylanase and mannanase showed highest activity at pH 6.5 and were stable from 5.0 to 8.0 and from 5.5 to 7.5, respectively. The partial purified enzymes preparations of xylanase and mannanase enzymes showed high bleaching activity, which is an important consideration for industry. Xylanase was found to be more effective for paper-bleaching than mannanase. When xylanase and mannanase were dosed together (simultaneously), both enzymes were able to enhance the liberation of reducing sugars and improve pulp bleachability, possibly as a result of nearly additive interactions. The simultaneous addition of both enzymes was more effective in pulp treatment than their sequential addition.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Chemistry Department and Cellulose and Paper Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amany L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kansoh
authors.forename: Zeinat A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Nagieb
mesh_terms: D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007221:Industry; D007700:Kinetics; D008361:Mannosidases / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D038761:Photobleaching; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014934:Wood; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008361:Mannosidases; D014995:Xylosidases