title: Analyses of genetic structure of Tibeto-Burman populations reveals sex-biased admixture in southern Tibeto-Burmans.
abstract: An unequal contribution of male and female lineages from parental populations to admixed ones is not uncommon in the American continents, as a consequence of directional gene flow from European men into African and Hispanic Americans in the past several centuries. However, little is known about sex-biased admixture in East Asia, where substantial migrations are recorded. Tibeto-Burman (TB) populations were historically derived from ancient tribes of northwestern China and subsequently moved to the south, where they admixed with the southern natives during the past 2600 years. They are currently extensively distributed in China and Southeast Asia. In this study, we analyze the variations of 965 Y chromosomes and 754 mtDNAs in >20 TB populations from China. By examining the haplotype group distributions of Y-chromosome and mtDNA markers and their principal components, we show that the genetic structure of the extant southern Tibeto-Burman (STB) populations were primarily formed by two parental groups: northern immigrants and native southerners. Furthermore, the admixture has a bias between male and female lineages, with a stronger influence of northern immigrants on the male lineages (approximately 62%) and with the southern natives contributing more extensively to the female lineages (approximately 56%) in the extant STBs. This is the first genetic evidence revealing sex-biased admixture in STB populations, which has genetic, historical, and anthropological implications.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Center for Anthropological Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Xuanhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xiufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Tingzhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Chunjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Daru
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ranajit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003710:Demography; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D005788:Gene Pool; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002052:Myanmar / Q000208:ethnology; D018609:Tibet / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005819:Genetic Markers