title: Effect of oxybenzone on PGE2-production in vitro and on plaque and gingivitis in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of oxybenzone on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in cell culture and to evaluate the effect of an oxybenzone-containing dentifrice on plaque and gingivitis in a 6-week clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human embryo palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells were used for testing the inhibition of IL-1beta-stimulated PGE2-production in vitro by different concentrations of oxybenzone. For the in vivo study, a total of 66 individuals with a Quigley & Hein plaque index of at least 1.5 and an Ainamo & Bay gingival index of at least 0.2 were included in a double-blind clinical trial with two cells and a parallel design. Two compositions of fluoride dentifrice were used, one with the addition of 0.5% oxybenzone, and one without. Plaque and gingival index were obtained at three time points: (1) at baseline, (2) after 3 weeks, and (3) after 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-dependent inhibition of PGE2-production was found in the HEPM cell culture following oxybenzone exposure. In the clinical trial, a 25% reduction of gingival index was observed in the oxybenzone group (p<0.001) after 6 weeks as compared with 2% for the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that PGE2-production is reduced by oxybenzone in vitro and that the use of oxybenzone in a dentifrice reduces gingivitis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lillemor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jannesson
authors.forename: Dowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scherl
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaffar
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renvert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D003802:Dentifrices; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010919:Placebos; C005290:oxybenzone; D015232:Dinoprostone