title: Adenovirus vectors targeting alphaV integrin or heparan sulfate receptors display different distribution of transgene activity after intramuscular injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modification of the fiber proteins in replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors through incorporation of specific receptor-binding motifs may represent a strategy to enhance their tissue targeting capabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we compared an unmodified Ad (GV10) with two mutated vectors obtained by insertion of specific target sequences that redirect binding, either toward alpha(V) integrin (RGD) or heparan sulfate (UTV) cellular receptors, for reporter gene expression spatial distribution in the rabbit skeletal muscle. In a first series of experiments, injection volume was kept constant and activity of a lacZ transgene was evaluated 48 h after injection of the Ad vectors at different doses. In separate experiments, the effects of different volumes of injection at a constant dose of Ad vector were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All vectors evaluated showed a significant increase in the number of lacZ-positive muscle segments, with increasing vector dose. However, in muscles treated with the UTV vector, fewer muscle fibers were beta-gal-positive than in GV10 or RGD vector treated animals. In fact, total beta-gal activity increased in a dose-dependent fashion in the GV10- and RGD-treated muscles, but not in the UTV-treated ones. Remarkably, in samples from UTV-treated animals, a volume-dependent enhancement of transgene expression was observed during experiments performed at the same dose and different injection volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study demonstrate that altering Ad affinity for cellular receptors modulates the level and distribution of transgene activity, conferring characteristics that may allow for treatment customization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery and Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy. c.cirielli@idi.it
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cirielli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Straino
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toietta
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abeni
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ventoruzzo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melillo
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Whickham
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kovesdi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biglioli
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaetano
authors.forename: Maurizio C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Capogrossi
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D007120:Immunochemistry; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D039564:Integrin alphaV / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D011817:Rabbits; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*; D014771:Virion / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D039564:Integrin alphaV; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C051382:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid directed cell adhesion receptor