title: The effects of pretreatment with lidocaine or bupivacaine on the spatial and temporal expression of c-Fos protein in the spinal cord caused by plantar incision in the rat.
abstract: We investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of c-Fos protein (Fos) expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord caused by plantar incision in the rat and the effects of pretreatment with local anesthetics. Bupivacaine (0.5%), lidocaine (2%), or saline for control was injected for nerve block and local infiltration before the plantar incision was made under anesthesia. Pain behavior and Fos expression in the L4-L5 segments of the spinal cord were assessed at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after the incision. The withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation decreased significantly at 1 h until 120 h (1-72 h, P < 0.01;120 h, P < 0.05), and pretreatment with local anesthetics increased the threshold significantly at 1 h (both groups: P < 0.01), 3 h (both groups: P < 0.01), and 6 h (bupivacaine, P < 0.01; lidocaine, P < 0.05) in comparison with that in the saline group. In the saline group, Fos expression was detected predominantly in laminae I-II and V-VI, and the total Fos expression was maximal at 1 h and then decreased gradually. Pretreatment with local anesthetics suppressed Fos expression significantly in all layers, and this suppression continued for several days. This study provides evidence of spatial and temporal changes in Fos expression induced by plantar incision. Our results indicate that although pretreatment with local anesthetics suppresses Fos expression for several days in the postoperative period, the analgesic effect is observed only for the expected duration of the local anesthetic used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention of early pain by pretreatment with local anesthetics provides little benefit for postoperative pain relief in the plantar incision model, although c-Fos expression is suppressed. The number of c-Fos-expressing neurons is not necessarily correlated with pain behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama City, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizobuchi
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine