title: Impact of age on the outcome of pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation using circular mapping technique and cooled-tip ablation catheter:.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A retrospective analysis was performed to define the impact of age on the outcomes and complications in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). PVI is an evolving technique for the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). The impact of age on the risks, outcomes, and complications of PVI has not been well defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 323 patients (259 men and 64 women; age 18-79 years) underwent PVI for treatment of drug-refractory symptomatic AF. An ostial isolation of the pulmonary veins was done using a cooled-tip ablation catheter guided by circular mapping. The patients were divided into three groups based on age (group I: <50 years, group II: 51-60 years, group III: >60 years) and the results were compared. There were 106 patients in group I, 114 patients in group II, and 103 patients in group III (mean age 41.3 +/- 7.8 years, 55.4 +/- 2.75 years, and 66.6 +/- 4.18 years, respectively) who underwent PVI for paroxysmal (53.8%), persistent (10.8%), or permanent (35.3%) AF. Baseline characteristics were similar except for a higher prevalence of hypertension and/or structural heart disease in groups II and III (58% and 63% vs 33% in group I, respectively). The procedural variables were similar in all age groups. The overall risk of complications was similar in the three groups, except that the risk of stroke was significantly higher in patients >60 years of age (3% vs 0%; P < 0.05). The recurrence rates of AF were similar in the three age groups (15.1%, 16.7%, and 18.4%, respectively; P > 0.05). The risk of severe pulmonary vein stenosis (1.8%, 2.6%, and 0.9%, respectively) was low and did not vary with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVI is a safe and effective treatment for patients with drug-refractory symptomatic AF, and its benefits extend to all age groups. The risk of procedural complications, especially thromboembolic events, appears to be higher in the elderly age group. This observation needs to be considered while assessing potential candidates for the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: Nassir F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Marrouche
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schweikert
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.forename: Eduardo B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Dianna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bash
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams-Andrews
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossillo
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erciyes
authors.forename: Yaariv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khaykin
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tchou
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology