title: Long-term kidney transplant outcomes in patients receiving oil-based or microemulsion formulations of cyclosporine.
abstract: In the last 20 years long-term experience with cyclosporine use in kidney transplantation has increased, allowing a more precise identification of its benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of 1619 kidney transplants that received cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive therapy. Patients were divided into three groups (1) oil-based cyclosporine (SIM) with trough monitoring (GI, n=617); (2) microemulsion formulation (NEO) with trough monitoring (GII, n=962); and (3) NEO with C2 monitoring (GIII, n=40). Information was obtained on transplant demography; adjunctive immunosuppressive agent; living (LD) versus cadaveric (CAD) recipients; delayed graft function; any treated acute rejection; graft function at 3, 6, and 12 months, patient and graft survival, as well as causes of graft loss and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 15 years follow-up, patient and graft survival were 67.5% and 41.6%, being superior, among LD versus CAD recipients (patient: 78.7% vs 57.7%, P<.001; graft: 56.4% vs 30.5%, P<.001). In LD (54% vs 32%, P<.001) and CAD (69% vs 55%, P<.001) NEO reduced the incidence of AR and improved 8-year patient (LD: 81.8% vs 94.7%; CAD: 66.4 vs 79.9%, P<.01) and graft survival (LD: 58.3 vs. 80%; CAD: 40.2% vs. 59.5%, P<.01), compared to SIM. Overall 8-year graft survival was inferior among patients with increased 1-year creatinine values (< or =1.5, 1.6-2.5 and >2.5 mg/dL) level (74% vs 63.9% vs 22.4%, P<.001) or change in Cr (< or =0.1, 0.2-0.4, >0.5 mg/dL) level (73.1% vs 61.9% vs 37.2%, P<.001). In patients at the same level of graft function, those receiving NEO showed superior 8-year patient and graft survival compared with SIM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to SIM, NEO reduced the incidence of acute rejection and produced superior long-term patient and graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Medina-Pestana
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: P G P
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tedesco-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine