title: Medical procedures, complications, and outcomes for patients with spinal cord injury: A multicenter investigation comparing African Americans and whites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of race on rehabilitation outcomes for a matched sample of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  African Americans and whites with SCI were matched based on age group, level and completeness of injury, and sponsor of care to retrospectively analyze the impact of race.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen medical centers in the federally sponsored Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems project.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 628 adults with SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical procedures and complications; American Spinal Injury Association motor index, and FIMT instrument scores at admission and discharge; and discharge dispositions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis revealed race-related differences in spinal surgeries, laparotomies, traction during acute care, and method of bladder management at discharge. In most cases, these were explained by cause of injury rather than direct affects of race. No differences were found with regard to medical complications functional outcomes, or discharge disposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although differences exist in the medical procedures given to African Americans and whites with SCI, they are generally accounted for by cause of injury rather than the direct affects of race.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: David X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Cifu
authors.forename: Ronald T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Seel
authors.forename: William O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People