title: The nitric oxide donor, O2-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO), protects against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
abstract: The nitric oxide (NO) donor, O2-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO), is metabolized by P450 enzymes to release NO within the liver and is effective in protecting against hepatotoxicity of endotoxin and acetaminophen. This study examined the effects of V-PYRRO/NO on cadmium (Cd) hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were given multiple injections of V-PYRRO/NO (10 mg/kg, s.c. at 2-h intervals) before and after a hepatotoxic dose of Cd (3.7 mg/kg Cd as CdCl2, i.p.). V-PYRRO/NO administration reduced Cd-induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase activity, improved pathology, and reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. The protection by V-PYRRO/NO was not mediated by altered Cd distribution to the liver or within hepatic subcellular fractions. Similar inductions of metallothionein, a metal-binding protein, were observed in mice receiving Cd alone or Cd plus V-PYRRO/NO. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that V-PYRRO/NO administration suppressed the expression of inflammation-related genes such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2, CXC chemokine, thrombospondin-1, intracellular adhesion molecular-1, and interleukin-6. V-PYRRO/NO also suppressed the expression of acute phase protein genes and genes related to cell-death pathways, such as c-jun/AP-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, early response growth factor-1, heme oxygenase-1, caspase-3, growth arrest, and DNA-damaging protein-153. In summary, the liver-selective NO donor, V-PYRRO/NO, protects against Cd hepatotoxicity in mice. This protection is not mediated through altered distribution of Cd but may be related to reduced hepatic inflammation, reduced acute phase responses, and the suppression of cell-death-related components.
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at the National Instititue of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Saavedra
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Waalkes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013347:Subcellular Fractions
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C107010:O(2)-vinyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D002104:Cadmium; D008668:Metallothionein