Facial rejuvenation using botulinum toxin A: review and updates.
The aesthetic applications of botulinum toxin A (Botox) are well known to certain medical and nonmedical communities. This nonsurgical rejuvenation modality continues to be in high demand in part because of the immediacy of its effects, its high safety profile, and its no-downtime recovery period. The physician interested in using Botox for facial rejuvenation needs to have a working knowledge of facial anatomy and botulinum toxin pharmacology and clinical experience with Botox injections.
Vartanian
A John
AJ
Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7244, USA.
Dayan
Steven H
SH
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012449:Safety; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A