title: Techniques of ureteroscopy.
abstract: The flexible ureteroscope has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of the entire upper urinary tract. Endoscopic tools have evolved, providing the surgeon with the armamentarium necessary to treat many different pathologic processes. Almost all renal calculi can be treated with retrograde ureteroscopy. The fragility of these new endoscopes is a concern, and great care must be taken when using them. With good technique and proper use of instruments, their working life can be extended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, A-1302 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2765, USA.
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sprunger
authors.forename: S Duke
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Herrell
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D020709:Ureteroscopes / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*