title: Effectiveness of pindolol plus serotonin uptake inhibitors in depression: a meta-analysis of early and late outcomes from randomised controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contradictory results on the efficacy of pindolol associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in depressive illness have been published and no former review has produced an overall figure of its efficacy. This study aims to review the efficacy and tolerability of pindolol plus SSRIs in depressive illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pindolol plus SSRIs with placebo plus SSRIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine RCTs met inclusion criteria. Outcome favoured pindolol at 2 weeks time (N=5; OR=2.8; 95% CI 1.4-5.7), but not at four to 6 weeks (N=7; OR=1.4; 95% CI 0.8-2.7). Results for early outcome studies were robust to sensitivity analysis. Nineteen more studies, averaging null results, would be needed to change the overall probability (P=0.0001) to a non-significant figure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pindolol seems to hasten the response to SSRIs in depression with a timing window circumscribed to the first weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain. onpbaroj@lg.ehu.es
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Callado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010869:Pindolol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010869:Pindolol; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors