Antioxidant role of glutathione S-transferases: protection against oxidant toxicity and regulation of stress-mediated apoptosis.
It has been known that glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can reduce lipid hydroperoxides through their Se-independent glutathione peroxidase activity and that these enzymes can also detoxify lipid peroxidation end products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In this article, recent studies suggesting that the Alpha class GSTs provide a formidable defense against oxidative stress are critically evaluated and the role of these enzymes in the regulation of oxidative stress-mediated signaling is reviewed. Available evidence from earlier studies together with results of recent studies in our laboratories strongly suggests that lipid peroxidation products, particularly hydroperoxides and 4-HNE, are involved in the mechanisms of stress-mediated signaling and that it can be modulated by the Alpha class GSTs through the regulation of the intracellular concentrations of 4-HNE.
Sharma
Rajendra
R
Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
Yang
Yusong
Y
Sharma
Abha
A
Awasthi
Sanjay
S
Awasthi
Yogesh C
YC
D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal