title: SARS among critical care nurses, Toronto.
abstract: To determine factors that predispose or protect healthcare workers from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), we conducted a retrospective cohort study among 43 nurses who worked in two Toronto critical care units with SARS patients. Eight of 32 nurses who entered a SARS patient's room were infected. The probability of SARS infection was 6% per shift worked. Assisting during intubation, suctioning before intubation, and manipulating the oxygen mask were high-risk activities. Consistently wearing a mask (either surgical or particulate respirator type N95) while caring for a SARS patient was protective for the nurses, and consistent use of the N95 mask was more protective than not wearing a mask. Risk was reduced by consistent use of a surgical mask, but not significantly. Risk was lower with consistent use of a N95 mask than with consistent use of a surgical mask. We conclude that activities related to intubation increase SARS risk and use of a mask (particularly a N95 mask) is protective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecualr Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. loebm@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGeer
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ofner
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hlywka
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levie
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D009726:Nurses; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission