title: Local biochemical markers of bone turnover: relationship to subsequent density of healing alveolar bone defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study was designed to test whether biochemical markers of bone turnover in washes of periosteal or trabecular alveolar bone surfaces could be correlated with increases in bone density of an adjacent healing implant socket.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects had a canula inserted into the alveolar crest and sterile phosphate-buffered saline was washed over the periosteal and trabecular surfaces and collected. Surgical flaps were reflected, 5 mm diameter bone cores were removed from the bone wash site, and standardized radiographs were taken. The sites were allowed to heal for 12 weeks, and radiographs were repeated. Bone washes of the healing sites were also collected after 2 and 12 weeks. Washes were analysed for bone turnover markers osteocalcin (OC; radioimmunoassay) and C-terminal telopeptide of Type 1 collagen (ICTP; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)), and blood component albumin (ALB; ELISA). Changes in bone density during healing were determined by radiographic absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OC/ALB and ICTP/ALB ratios were higher for trabecular than periosteal washes at baseline (p<or=0.01). Trabecular OC/ALB and ICTP/ALB were inversely correlated with increasing bone density of the healing bone core socket (r=-0.72, p=0.03; Pearson's correlation coefficient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biochemical markers of bone turnover in bone washes of specific alveolar bone sites may prove helpful in predicting how the bone density will increase around healing dental implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, NE 68583-0740, USA. rareinha@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Van J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Sanderfer
authors.forename: Trudy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Meinberg
authors.forename: Pirkka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nummikoski
authors.forename: Hsi-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Marx
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000541:Alveolectomy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D010521:Periosteum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D015921:Dental Implants; D010455:Peptides; D012709:Serum Albumin; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D003094:Collagen