title: Imatinib (STI571) resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia: molecular basis of the underlying mechanisms and potential strategies for treatment.
abstract: Following the paradigm set by STI571, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of drugs, capable of modulating intracellular signaling and demonstrating therapeutic potential for the treatment of proliferative diseases. Although the majority of chronic phase CML patients treated with STI571 respond, some patients, especially those with more advanced disease, relapse. This article reviews the reasons for relapse and, in particular, analyses resistance resulting from Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase domain mutations at the molecular level. Arguments are based upon the structure of the STI571-Abl complex, which is compared to the crystal structures of PD173955-Abl and PD180970-Abl, which bind to the kinase differently. Strategies to potentially circumvent or overcome resistance are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland. paul.manley@pharma.novartis.com
authors.forename: Sandra W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cowan-Jacob
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guez
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fendrich
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Doriano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fabbro
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Furet
authors.forename: Janis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liebetanz
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mestan
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Manley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D016313:Genes, abl / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl