Toll-like receptor 3: a link between toll-like receptor, interferon and viruses.
Production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) by virus-infected cells is the central event in their antiviral immune responses. In mammalian cells, IFN-alpha/beta gene transcription is induced through distinct signaling pathways by viral infection or by treatment with double-stranded (ds) RNA, which is an intermediate of virus replication. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was found to recognize dsRNA and transmit signals to activate NF-kappaB and the IFN-beta promoter. Recent identification of the TLR3-adaptor protein and its downstream signaling molecules, which are involved in IFN-alpha/beta production, revealed a novel IFN-inducing pathway for an anti-viral immune response. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of TLR3-mediated immune responses.
Matsumoto
Misako
M
Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan. matsumoto-mi@mc.pref.osaka.jp
Funami
Kenji
K
Oshiumi
Hiroyuki
H
Seya
Tsukasa
T
D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology*
D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D016899:Interferon-beta