title: Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste: conclusions of European Union-funded multicentre project.
abstract: An important challenge encountered in this multicentred project was the need to take account of the different cultural and legal differences between the seven sites when agreeing the protocol. Examples such as access to registers of births and subject consent dictated that there were some differences in the methods used in the different sites. The data presented showed that it was possible to train and calibrate a number of examiners in a standardized photographic method for recording enamel fluorosis. This method has a number of important advantages for the objective monitoring of enamel fluorosis over time. There were considerable differences between the seven sites in the formulations of the toothpaste used and in the pattern of their use. The results indicate that it is possible to agree and adopt a standardized method for measuring fluoride ingestion from toothpaste. The aesthetic impact of enamel fluorosis seemed low in the populations included in this project, but further work is required on this issue.
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Ireland. d.omullane@ucc.ie
authors.forename: Denis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: O'Mullane
authors.forename: Clare E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ketley
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Helen P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Whelton
authors.forename: W Peter
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: Cor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Loveren
authors.forename: Barros
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seppä
authors.forename: Thessaly
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Athanassouli
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection / Q000592:standards; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005062:European Union; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011636:Public Health Dentistry; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D014100:Toothpastes; D005459:Fluorides