title: Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly regulated by beta-catenin.
abstract: Constitutive activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is a notable feature of a large minority of cases of malignant melanoma, an aggressive and increasingly common cancer. The identification of target genes downstream from this pathway is therefore crucial to our understanding of the disease. The POU domain transcription factor Brn-2 has been implicated in control of proliferation and melanoma survival, and its expression is strongly upregulated in melanoma. We show here that in vivo Brn-2 is expressed in melanocytes but not in embryonic day 11.5 melanoblasts and that its expression is directly controlled by the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in melanoma cell lines and in transgenic mice. Moreover, silent interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of Brn-2 expression in melanoma cells overexpressing beta-catenin results in significantly decreased proliferation. These results, together with the observation that BRAF signaling also induces Brn-2 expression, reveal that Brn-2 is a focus for the convergence of two key melanoma-associated signaling pathways that are linked to cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Signaling and Development Laboratory, Marie Curie Research Institute, The Chart, Oxted, Surrey RH8 0TL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinozzi
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Champeval
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carreira
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larue
authors.forename: Colin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Goding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D050809:POU Domain Factors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D050809:POU Domain Factors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C085076:transcription factor Brn-2; C482119:BRAF protein, human; C482120:Braf protein, mouse; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf