title: Clinical and economic comparison of epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pharmacoeconomics of erythropoietic therapy for the treatment of anemia is receiving renewed attention due to the current availability of two agents. Epoetin alfa has been the standard of therapy for patients with renal disease and cancer-related anemia for more than a decade. Darbepoetin alfa, an alternative agent, is now approved for anemia resulting from renal disease and cancer chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Although direct comparative trials have not been performed with these agents, information published in the last several years regarding their clinical efficacy, safety, and dosing is sufficient, in most cases, to compare costs. With the disclaimer that any efficacy comparison of competing products using published reports has certain limitations, a cost-minimization approach from a provider's perspective was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To provide background for the economic evaluation, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for these two agents are discussed. Recent clinical trials in the nephrology and oncology therapeutic areas are summarized, highlighting study designs, dosing regimens, patient entry criteria, study endpoints, and published results. Cost data, based on average wholesale prices (AWP) in 2003, are compared and calculated from available clinical data with an emphasis on efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These evaluations largely conclude that epoetin alfa is the better pharmacoeconomic value of the two currently available erythropoietic agents.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California 92161, USA. anthony.morreale@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morreale
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plowman
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeLattre
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boggie
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006397:Hematinics / Q000191:economics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006397:Hematinics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa