title: Insulin-independent effects of GLP-1 on canine liver glucose metabolism: duration of infusion and involvement of hepatoportal region.
abstract: Whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has insulin-independent effects on glucose disposal in vivo was assessed in conscious dogs by use of tracer and arteriovenous difference techniques. After a basal period, each experiment consisted of three periods (P1, P2, P3) during which somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, and glucose were infused. The control group (C) received saline in P1, P2, and P3, the PePe group received saline in P1 and GLP-1 (7.5 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) peripherally (Pe; iv) in P2 and P3, and the PePo group received saline in P1 and GLP-1 peripherally (iv) (P2) and then into the portal vein (Po; P3). Glucose and insulin concentrations increased to two- and fourfold basal, respectively, and glucagon remained basal. GLP-1 levels increased similarly in the PePe and PePo groups during P2 ( approximately 200 pM), whereas portal GLP-1 levels were significantly increased (3-fold) in PePo vs. PePe during P3. In all groups, net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) occurred during P1. During P2, NHGU increased slightly but not significantly in all groups. During P3, NHGU increased in PePe and PePo groups to a greater extent than in C, but no significant effect of the route of infusion of GLP-1 was demonstrated (16.61 +/- 2.91 and 14.67 +/- 2.09 vs. 4.22 +/- 1.57 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLP-1 increased glucose disposal in the liver independently of insulin secretion; its full action required long-term infusion. The route of infusion did not modify the hepatic response.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Univ. School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA. Dominique.P.Dardevet@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dardevet
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: DiCostanzo
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Snead
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cherrington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D011168:Portal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose