title: The interaction of anaesthetic steroids with recombinant glycine and GABAA receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaesthetic steroids are established positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors, but little is known concerning steroid modulation of strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors, the principal mediators of fast, inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain stem and spinal cord. This study compared the modulatory actions of five anaesthetic pregnane steroids and two non-anaesthetic isomers at human recombinant alpha1 glycine and alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant alpha1 glycine or alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and agonist-evoked currents recorded under voltage-clamp. Steroid modulation of currents evoked by GABA, or glycine, was quantified by determining the potency (EC50) and maximal effect of the compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anaesthetics minaxolone (EC50=1.3 microM), Org20599 (EC50=1.1 microM) and alphaxalone (EC50=2.2 microM) enhanced currents mediated by GABAA receptors. The anaesthetics also enhanced currents mediated by glycine receptors, although with higher EC50 values (minaxolone 13.1 microM; Org20599=22.9 microM and alphaxalone=27.8 microM). The maximal enhancement (to 780-950% of control) produced by the three steroids acting at the GABAA receptor was similar, but currents evoked by glycine were potentiated with increasing effectiveness by alphaxalone (199%) <Org20599 (525%) <minaxolone (1197%). The anaesthetic isomers, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one and 5beta-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (eltanolone) enhanced GABAA receptor-mediated currents with similar potency and efficacy, but only the former enhanced glycine, the latter causing inhibition. The non-anaesthetic steroids 5alpha-pregnan-3beta-ol-20-one and 5beta-pregnan-3beta-ol-20-one modulated neither GABAA, nor glycine, receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrate that structure-activity relationships for steroid modulation at glycine and GABAA receptors differ. Comparing the EC50 values reported here with free plasma concentrations during steroid-induced anaesthesia indicates that a selective modulation of GABAA receptor activity is likely to occur in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK. c.j.weir@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: A T Y
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belelli
authors.forename: J A W
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wildsmith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005998:Glycine / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011277:Pregnanediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: C105491:21-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)pregnan-20-one; D000777:Anesthetics; D011277:Pregnanediones; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C020413:minaxolone; C006477:alphaxalone; D011280:Pregnanolone; D005998:Glycine