title: Botulinum toxin treatment of occupational and focal hand dystonia.
abstract: Botulinum toxin is now the first-line therapy for writer's cramp and other occupational dystonias, with well-established efficacy and safety. Future studies will allow us to understand better the physiological effects of injection and to refine and enhance our treatment of focal hand dystonia.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. karpb@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: Barbara Illowsky
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Karp
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins