title: Secondary skeletal involvement in Sanfilippo syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sanfilippo syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type III, is a rare lysosomal storage disease, resulting from errors in the catabolism of heparan sulphate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in MPS type III patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated serum markers of bone formation or resorption, and measured BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), in three patients with MPS type III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum vitamin D were low, and BMDs greatly reduced at lumbar and femoral sites, indicating the possibility of osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These skeletal effects probably result from nutritional deficiencies and inability to walk, rather than from the genetic defect itself. Secondary skeletal involvement in patients with MPS type III may represent a considerable cause of morbidity, and requires interventions to reduce the risk of pathological fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Sciences, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. drigante@libero.it
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigante
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caradonna
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009084:Mucopolysaccharidosis III / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis*