title: Comparison of 27-gauge (0.41-mm) Whitacre and Quincke spinal needles with respect to post-dural puncture headache and non-dural puncture headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of headache after spinal anaesthesia has varied greatly between studies. We compared the incidence of postoperative headache in general and postdural puncture headache (PDPH) when using 27-gauge (G) (outer diameter 0.41 mm) Quincke and Whitacre spinal needles in ambulatory surgery performed under spinal anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized study, 676 ASA physical status I-II day-case outpatients were given a spinal anaesthetic through either a 27-G (0.41 mm) Quincke or a 27-G (0.41 mm) Whitacre spinal needle. The incidence of any type of postoperative headache was assessed and the type of headache defined using a standardized questionnaire including PDPH criteria. The severity of the headache was defined using a 100-mm visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the final analysis, 529 patients were available (259 patients in the Quincke group and 270 patients in the Whitacre group). The overall incidence of postoperative headache was 20.0%, but the incidence of true PDPH was very low (1.51%). The incidence of PDPH in the Quincke group was 2.70%, while in the Whitacre group it was only 0.37% (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of non-dural puncture headache was 18.5% and did not differ between the study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  True PDPH seldom occurs when a 27-G (0.41 mm) spinal needle is used, although postoperatively a non-specific headache is common. Using the 27-G (0.41 mm) Whitacre spinal needle further reduced the incidence of PDPH. Thus, we recommend routine use of the 27-G (0.41 mm) Whitacre spinal needle when performing spinal anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Santanen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rautoma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luurila
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erkola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors