title: Methylation patterns define two types of hyperplastic polyp associated with colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperplastic polyps (HP) of the colorectum have traditionally been regarded as non-neoplastic lesions. Recent data implicate HP in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancers (CRC) characterised by extensive DNA methylation and microsatellite instability. The aim of this study was to identify morphological and molecular features that may characterise subtypes of HP with potential for neoplastic progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  HP (22) clustering around distal CRC (group I) were compared with HP (58) in subjects with hyperplastic polyposis (group II). DNA methylation was tested in methylated in tumour (MINT) loci (1, 2, 12, 31) and genes HPP1, MGMT, p14ARF, p16INK4a, and hMLH1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group II HP showed significantly more methylation than group I HP at all loci except MINT1 and MGMT. Group I showed the lowest frequency of DNA methylation but the highest frequency of K-ras mutation. Group II HP (termed HP variant) had the morphological features of the recently described "sessile serrated adenomas". Methylation of hMLH1 was found most frequently in group II polyps that included foci of dysplasia (7/10) and in no group I lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the existence of morphological and molecular heterogeneity among HP and highlight a subset that is likely to have significant malignant potential.
authors.affiliation: Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Research Foundation, Bancroft Centre, Queensland, Australia. c.wynter@mailbox.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: C V A
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Wynter
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jass
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm