title: Cognitive function in Japanese elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The current study was conducted to investigate the cognitive function in Japanese elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Participants included 69 diabetic and 27 nondiabetic subjects (60 to 85 years old). The cognitive functional tests conducted were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Word Lists Recall (immediate, delayed), Digit Symbol Test (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [WAIS-R]), and the Stroop Color Word Test. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured as the index of glycemic control, and information about recent hypoglycemic episodes was gathered by using questionnaires. Student's t test showed that DM subjects had significantly lower scores in the MMSE (P<.01) and Digit Symbol Test (P<.05) than non-DM subjects. The scores of the Digit Symbol Test in diabetes subjects had a significant negative relationship with HbA1c (r=-.433; P<.001), and insulin-use had a significant relationship with the scores of the MMSE and Digit Symbol Test. Subjects in the DM group were further divided by insulin use. Comparison of insulin-treated DM subjects, non-insulin-treated DM subjects, and nondiabetic subjects by analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that insulin-treated DM subjects had significantly lower scores in the MMSE and Digit Symbol Tests than both non-insulin-treated DM subjects (P<.05) and nondiabetic subjects (P<.01). Our study suggests that Japanese elderly DM subjects, especially those with insulin treatment, have poor cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Nanaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umegaki
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Noriki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokata
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin