title: A clinical study to assess the ability of a powered toothbrush to remove chlorhexidine/tea dental stain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A single-center, single-blind, two-way crossover study was performed to compare the effects of an electric powered toothbrush with a conventional manual toothbrush at removing chlorhexidine/tea tooth staining.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used 24 subjects. During the week before the study, the subjects received a prophylaxis to remove all staining, plaque and calculus deposits. On the Monday of the following week, subjects returned to the clinic to receive a further prophylaxis. Under direct supervision, they then rinsed with a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse, immediately followed by a rinse with a warm black tea solution. This cycle was repeated hourly eight times throughout the day and on the following days until the Friday. Throughout this period, volunteers omitted all other forms of oral hygiene except rinsing with the chlorhexidine mouthwash. On the Friday, the level of stain was assessed both prior to and immediately after brushing with the allocated brush with toothpaste for 1 min. This was done in an adjoining room (out of sight of the clinical scorer). Subjects were then instructed to use the toothbrush at home according to their normal oral hygiene practices. On the following Friday, subjects returned to the clinic when the stain present was re-assessed. Each subject received a thorough prophylaxis to remove all plaque calculus and staining before starting the second period of the study and again on completion of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed relatively little difference between the ability of the two brushes to remove stain at a single test brushing. However, there was some evidence that the powered brush was more effective than the manual brush in minimising stain level during the home use period, overall and in particular for gingival crescent sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has suggested that the powered brush may become more effective at reducing dental stain, the longer the brush is used under normal home conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK. John.Moran@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newcombe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000628:therapy; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000628:therapy; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D013662:Tea; D014100:Toothpastes; D002710:Chlorhexidine