title: In vivo targeted gene transfer in skin by the use of laser-induced stress waves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Much interest has been shown in the use of lasers for nonviral targeted gene transfer, since the spatial characteristics of laser light are quite well defined. The aim of this study was to demonstrate in vivo gene transfer by the use of laser-induced stress waves (LISWs).
  
  
  METHODS
  After reporter genes had been intradermally injected to rat skin in vivo, a laser target was placed on the gene-injected skin. LISWs were generated by the irradiation of an elastic laser target with 532-nm nanosecond laser pulses of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of luciferase activities for the skin exposed to LISWs were two orders of magnitude higher than those for the skin injected with naked DNA. Expressions of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and beta-galactosidase were observed only in the area that was exposed to LISWs, and in addition, epidermal cells were selectively transfected. No major side effects were observed, and luciferase activity levels as high as 10(5) RLU per mg of protein were sustained even 5 days after gene transfer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly efficient and site-specific gene transfer can be achieved by applying a few pulses of nanosecond pulsed LISWs to rat skin in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan. makogura@obara.elec.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uenoyama
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyozumi
authors.forename: Daizo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Tomosumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D008156:Luciferases