title: The Ozobranchus leech is a candidate mechanical vector for the fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus found latently infecting skin tumors on Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas).
abstract: Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of marine turtles is a neoplastic disease of ecological concern. A fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) is consistently present, usually at loads exceeding one virus copy per tumor cell. DNA from an array of parasites of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) was examined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine whether any carried viral loads are sufficient to implicate them as vectors for FPTHV. Marine leeches (Ozobranchus spp.) were found to carry high viral DNA loads; some samples approached 10 million copies per leech. Isopycnic sucrose density gradient/qPCR analysis confirmed that some of these copies were associated with particles of the density of enveloped viruses. The data implicate the marine leech Ozobranchus as a mechanical vector for FPTHV. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of FPTHV gene expression indicated that most of the FPTHV copies in a fibropapilloma have restricted DNA polymerase expression, suggestive of latent infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Greenblatt
authors.forename: Thierry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Work
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Balazs
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Rufina N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004199:Disease Vectors; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D007865:Leeches / Q000821:virology*; D008386:Marine Biology; D010212:Papilloma / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014426:Turtles / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral