Botulinum toxin treatment of occupational and focal hand dystonia.
Botulinum toxin is now the first-line therapy for writer's cramp and other occupational dystonias, with well-established efficacy and safety. Future studies will allow us to understand better the physiological effects of injection and to refine and enhance our treatment of focal hand dystonia.
Karp
Barbara Illowsky
BI
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. karpb@ninds.nih.gov
D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins