title: Work of adhesion of resin on treated lithia disilicate-based ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is to test the hypothesis that chemical etching and silane coating of a ceramic surface will influence the work of adhesion (WA) of adhesive resin to dental ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hot-pressed lithia disilicate-based ceramic was used as a model material to investigate the influence of probing media and surface treatments on WA using a dynamic contact angle analyzer. Eighty ceramic specimens were randomly divided into eight experimental groups and treated as follows: (1 and 3) as polished; (2 and 4) etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 1 min; (5) etched with 4% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) for 2 min; (6) silane coated; (7) etched with HF for 1 min and silane coated; (8) etched with APF for 2 min and silane coated. Advancing and receding contact angles (theta(a) and theta(r)) were measured using high purity water (gamma = 72.6 mN/m) for groups 1 and 2, and a liquid resin (gamma = 39.7) for groups 3-8 as probing liquids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The liquid resin medium yielded a lower WA than water. Silanization produced a significantly lower WA (p < 0.001) than non-silanated surfaces. Etching alone consistently yielded a greater WA for all surface treatments (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The silanated ceramic surface exhibited a lower surface energy and did not enhance bonding to the liquid resin by work of adhesion.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Passo Fundo, P.O. Box 611/613, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. dbona@upf.br
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Della Bona
authors.forename: Chiayi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Anusavice
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D013499:Surface Properties; D013500:Surface Tension; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C075815:IPS-Empress ceramic; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D003776:Dental Porcelain