title: The NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene from Gibberella fujikuroi is essential for gibberellin biosynthesis.
abstract: The fungus Gibberella fujikuroi is used for the commercial production of gibberellins (GAs), which it produces in very large quantities. Four of the seven GA biosynthetic genes in this species encode cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, which function in association with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases (CPRs) that mediate the transfer of electrons from NADPH to the P450 monooxygenases. Only one cpr gene (cpr-Gf) was found in G. fujikuroi and cloned by a PCR approach. The encoded protein contains the conserved CPR functional domains, including the FAD, FMN, and NADPH binding motifs. cpr-Gf disruption mutants were viable but showed a reduced growth rate. Furthermore, disruption resulted in total loss of GA(3), GA(4), and GA(7) production, but low levels of non-hydroxylated C(20)-GAs (GA(15) and GA(24)) were still detected. In addition, the knock-out mutants were much more sensitive to benzoate than the wild type due to loss of activity of another P450 monooxygenase, the detoxifying enzyme, benzoate p-hydroxylase. The UV-induced mutant of G. fujikuroi, SG138, which was shown to be blocked at most of the GA biosynthetic steps catalyzed by P450 monooxygenases, displayed the same phenotype. Sequence analysis of the mutant cpr allele in SG138 revealed a nonsense mutation at amino acid position 627. The mutant was complemented with the cpr-Gf and the Aspergillus niger cprA genes, both genes fully restoring the ability to produce GAs. Northern blot analysis revealed co-regulated expression of the cpr-Gf gene and the GA biosynthetic genes P450-1, P450-2, P450-4 under GA production conditions (nitrogen starvation). In addition, expression of cpr-Gf is induced by benzoate. These results indicate that CPR-Gf is the main but not the only electron donor for several P450 monooxygenases from primary and secondary metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Botanik der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malonek
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedden
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaskin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tudzynski
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015786:Cytochromes b5 / Q000235:genetics; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005874:Gibberella / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D005875:Gibberellins; D015786:Cytochromes b5; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase