title: Computer-aided navigation in dental implantology: 7 years of clinical experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This long-term study gives a review over 7 years of research, development, and routine clinical application of computer-aided navigation technology in dental implantology. Benefits and disadvantages of up-to-date technologies are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the course of the current advancement, various hardware and software configurations are used. In the initial phase, universally applicable navigation software is adapted for implantology. Since 2001, a special software module for dental implantology is available. Preoperative planning is performed on the basis of prosthetic aspects and requirements. In clinical routine use, patient and drill positions are intraoperatively registered by means of optoelectronic tracking systems; during preclinical tests, electromagnetic trackers are also used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 7 years (1995 to 2002), 55 patients with 327 dental implants were successfully positioned with computer-aided navigation technology. The mean number of implants per patient was 6 (minimum, 1; maximum, 11). No complications were observed; the preoperative planning could be exactly realized. The average expenditure of time for the preparation of a surgical intervention with navigation decreased from 2 to 3 days in the initial phase to one-half day in clinical routine use with software that is optimized for dental implantology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of computer-aided navigation technology can contribute to considerable quality improvement. Preoperative planning is exactly realized and intraoperative safety is increased, because damage to nerves or neighboring teeth can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ewers
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schicho
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Truppe
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seemann
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reichwein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figl
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D003626:Data Display; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004581:Electronics; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface