title: Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop functions by the thalamo-striatal system.
abstract: Recent physiological and tract tracing studies revealed tight coupling of the centre médian and parafascicular nuclei (the CM-Pf complex), which are posterior intralaminar nuclei (ILN) of the thalamus, with basal ganglia circuits. These nuclei have previously been classified as part of the ascending reticulo-thalamo-cortical activating system, with studies of single neuron activity and of interruption of neuronal activity suggested that they participate in the processes of sensory event-driven attention and arousal, particularly in the context of unpredicted events or events contrary to predictions. In this article, we propose a hypothetical model that envisions that the CM-Pf complex functions in two different modes depending on the predictability of external events, i.e., one for monitoring 'top-down' biased control through the cortico-basal ganglia loop system for selecting signals for action and cognition and the other for switching from biased control to 'bottom-up' control based on the signals of salient external events. This model provides a new insight into the function of the CM-Pf complex and should lead to a better understanding of this important brain system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. mkimura@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minamimoto
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006801:Humans; D020646:Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology