title: Complex I assembly: a puzzling problem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disturbances in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway most often lead to devastating disorders with a fatal outcome. Of these, complex I deficiency is the most frequently encountered. Recent characterization of the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA-encoded complex I subunits has allowed mutational analysis and reliable prenatal diagnosis. Nevertheless, complex-I-deficient patients without a mutation in any of the known subunits remain. It is assumed that these patients harbour defects in proteins involved in the assembly of this largest member of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. This review describes current understanding of complex I assembly, new developments and future perspectives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first model of human complex I assembly has been proposed recently. New insights into supercomplex assembly and stability may help to explain combined deficiencies. Recent functional characterization of some of the 32 accessory subunits of the complex may link these subunits to complex I biogenesis and activity regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research on complex I assembly is increasing rapidly. However, comparison between theoretical and experimental models of complex I assembly is still problematic. The growing understanding of complex I assembly at the subunit and supercomplex level will clarify the picture in the future. The elucidation of complex I assembly, by combining patient data with new experimental methods, will facilitate the diagnosis of (and possibly therapy for) many uncharacterized mitochondrial disorders.
authors.affiliation: Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders at the Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rutger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nijtmans
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ugalde
authors.forename: Lambert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smeitink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009492:Neurospora crassa; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D021122:Protein Subunits; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I