title: PPAR gamma signaling exacerbates mammary gland tumor development.
abstract: Breast cancer cell lines that express the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) can be prompted to undergo growth arrest and differentiation when treated with synthetic PPAR gamma ligands. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of increased PPAR gamma signaling in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that express a constitutively active form of PPAR gamma in mammary gland. These mice are indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates. However, when bred to a transgenic strain prone to mammary gland cancer, bigenic animals develop tumors with greatly accelerated kinetics. Surprisingly, in spite of their more malignant nature, bigenic tumors are more secretory and differentiated. The molecular basis of this tumor-promoting effect may be an increase in Wnt signaling, as ligand activation of PPAR gamma potentiates Wnt function in an in vivo model of this pathway. These results suggest that once an initiating event has taken place, increased PPAR gamma signaling serves as a tumor promoter in the mammary gland.
authors.affiliation: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saez
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Livolsi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Eleuterio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Banayo
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cardiff
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Izpisua-Belmonte
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D017405:Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65 / Q000235:genetics; D008024:Ligands; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D017405:Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65; D008024:Ligands; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C094522:wnt8b protein, zebrafish