title: Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints.
abstract: We present 40 year-long skeletal chronologies of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) from an annually-banded coral (Porites sp.) collected from Pohnpei Island, Micronesia (western equatorial Pacific). Both the elements are present in antifouling marine paints and are released inadvertently into ambient seawater. Especially, Sn has often been used in the form of tributyltin (TBT). Based on a stepwise pretreatment examination, Sn and Cu both inside and outside the aragonite lattice of the coral skeleton show a potential for providing marine pollution indicators. High values of extra-skeletal Cu/Ca and Sn/Ca atomic ratios were found between late 1960s and late 1980s during a period of active use of TBT-based antifouling paints worldwide. However, a significant decrease in both the ratios in the beginning of 1990s can be attributed to regulation of the use of TBT on cargo ships by countries such as the USA, Japan and Australia.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. mayuri-inoue@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Mayuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nohara
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Ahser
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edward
authors.forename: Hodaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawahata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002910:Chronology as Topic; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D008849:Micronesia; D010150:Paint / Q000633:toxicity*; D012767:Ships; D014001:Tin / Q000032:analysis*; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011559:tributyltin; D014001:Tin; D003300:Copper; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002118:Calcium