title: 2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine synergistically enhances azidothymidine cytotoxicity in azidothymidine resistant T-lymphoid cells.
abstract: This report presents quantitative analysis of the synergistic interaction of azidothymidine (AZT) and cladribine (CdA) in human H9-lymphoid cell lines sensitive and resistant to AZT (H9-araC cells). H9-araC cells obtained by cultivation of H9 cells in the presence of 0.5 microM arabinosyl-cytosine (araC) had lower deoxycytidine kinase and thymidine kinase (TK) activities and expressed cross-resistance to araC and AZT. The IC(50) values of AZT and CdA were calculated by using median-effect analysis and CalcuSyn software. The IC(50) values were 0.44 and 0.82 microM for CdA and 67.8 and 30,310 microM for AZT in H9 and H9-araC cells, respectively. However, when the drugs were used in combination the IC(50) values of CdA and AZT were reduced to 0.12 and 15.5 microM in H9 cells and to 0.19 and 24.9 microM in H9-araC cells, respectively. Calculation of dose reduction index (DRI) indicated that at 50-90% growth inhibition level, the combination of the drugs caused 3.6-5.8- and 4.1-11.5-fold reduction in the dose of CdA and 4.4-37.6- and > 1000-fold reduction in the dose of AZT in H9 and H9-araC cells, respectively. The combination index (CI) values simulated from these data suggested synergistic to very strong synergistic lymphocytotoxic effects of AZT combined with CdA. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of a double-targeted approach for designing efficacious therapeutics for the kinase deficient drug resistant tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine (M862), P.O. Box 019132, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
authors.forename: Tieran
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Ting-Chao
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Ram P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D017338:Cladribine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017338:Cladribine; D015215:Zidovudine