Osteoporosis management in the new millennium.
The prevalence of osteoporosis in all US postmenopausal women is 17%, and it is as high as 30% in women older than 65. All postmenopausal women should be encouraged to have adequate daily calcium and vitamin D intake, to exercise regularly, and to avoid tobacco and excessive alcohol use. Although the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of osteoporosis screening tools remain to be established, a rational approach based on current evidence involves using National Osteoporosis Foundation guidelines, Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation, or Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument clinical decision rules to decide when a postmenopausal woman should undergo further evaluation.
Wei
Gina S
GS
Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. ginawei@medscape.com
Jackson
Jeffrey L
JL
Hatzigeorgiou
Christos
C
Tofferi
Jeanne K
JK
D019386:Alendronate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015519:Bone Density; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068296:Risedronic Acid
D004967:Estrogens; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D002116:Calcitonin; D000068296:Risedronic Acid; D012968:Etidronic Acid; D002118:Calcium; D019386:Alendronate