title: Factors contributing to failure of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and the predictive value of preoperative assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) has established itself as the procedure of choice in the surgical management of the majority of patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There are, however, few available data on the assessment of long-term failures after LNF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sought to clarify the mechanisms of failure among a group of patients who reported suboptimal results after LNF. In addition, we attempted to identify specific elements in the preoperative evaluation of GERD patients that might herald a predisposition to anatomical or physiological failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirty-one consecutive patients who underwent LNF by a single surgeon were analyzed to identify reasons for surgical failure. Fourteen patients (10.6%) comprised the failure group. Detailed independent statistical analysis identified a hiatus hernia greater than 3 cm at operation (P = 0.003), abnormal preoperative pH analysis in the upright position (P = 0.039), failure to respond to proton pump inhibition preoperatively (P = 0.015), and a preoperative psychiatric history (P = 0.0012) as predictors of subsequent failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who do not respond to proton pump inhibition preoperatively, the evaluating surgeon should be circumspect in advocating antireflux surgery. A detailed assessment of underlying psychiatric or psychological symptoms must also be made. If a large (>3 cm approximately) hiatus hernia is identified or there is abnormal pH analysis in the upright position preoperatively, the surgeon should be guarded about the long-term outcome, and patients should be advised accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland. cjppower@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: Donal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: McAnena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018662:Fundoplication; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D017211:Treatment Failure