title: Magnetic resonance urography: a new gold standard for the evaluation of solitary kidneys and renal buds?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in pediatric patients with a solitary kidney and/or dysplastic orthotopic or ectopic renal buds. We present our evolving experience with this imaging procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients with a mean age of 43.8 months with a known or suspected solitary kidney with or without clinical symptoms underwent ultrasound of the urinary tract as well as voiding cystourethrogram, renal static dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy and MRU. The results of these diagnostic imaging studies were then compared with each other and set against the results of the final diagnosis established at surgery and by histology, if available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dysplastic orthotopic or dystopic renal buds suspected on ultrasound in 11 of the 30 patients were confirmed in all 11 by MRU. While accompanying ectopic ureteral insertions were shown in only 3 patients by ultrasound, they were visualized in all 4 by MRU. The other 7 patients with dysplastic renal buds had orthotopic ureteral orifices. DMSA scintigraphy failed to detect 10 renal buds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic value of MRU appears to be superior to that of other imaging tests, even to that of DMSA scintigraphy, which with voiding cystourethrography is currently considered the gold standard for evaluating sonographically suspected solitary kidneys with contralateral orthotopic or ectopic renal buds and ectopic ureteral insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Barmherzige Schwestern Linz, Graz University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria. marcus.riccabona@bhs.at
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riccabona
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riccabona
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koen
authors.forename: Goedele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinisch
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Langsteger
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lusuardi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male