title: Standardized approach for microsatellite instability detection in gastric carcinomas.
abstract: Microsatellite instability (MSI) defines a specific type of genetic instability. Although consensus diagnostic criteria for MSI definition in colorectal cancer have been established, their utility in other tumor types remain to be proven. Previously we developed a mathematical model for MSI definition in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to establish diagnostic criteria for MSI evaluation in human gastric cancer. We designed an algorithm for the efficient characterization of MSI and used it to analyze data on 7 microsatellite markers in 35 gastric carcinomas. Theoretical models considering 1, 2, or 3 populations were tested against the data collected. Also, hypermethylation of hMLH1 gene promoter and hMLH1 protein expression were studied. The observed frequencies of MSI in our series of samples best fit a 2-population model: stable and unstable, defined by instability in 2 or more of a minimum of 7 markers analyzed. MSI was observed in 29% of the tumors. Misclassification rate was <4% when any 7 loci were analyzed. MSI(+) tumors inversely associated with p53 protein overexpression. A good correlation between hMLH1 status (either protein or promoter hypermethylation) and MSI classification was observed. We have developed a simple, sensitive, and specific approach to assess the presence of MSI in gastric cancer that may have clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Patologia, UDIAT-CD, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Musulén
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteller
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Combalia
authors.forename: Mercè
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capellá
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000235:genetics*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004276:DNA, Satellite; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1