title: Roles of cell-extrinsic growth factors in vertebrate eye pattern formation and retinogenesis.
abstract: Formation of the vertebrate visual system involves complex interplays of cell-extrinsic cues and cell-intrinsic determinants. Studies in several vertebrate species demonstrate that multiple classes of signaling molecules participate in pattern formation of the eye and neurogenesis of the retina. Certain signals, such as hedgehog, BMP, and FGF molecules, are repeatedly deployed at varying concentration thresholds and in different cellular contexts. Accumulating evidence reveals a striking conservation of molecular mechanisms regulating the neurogenic process between Drosophila and vertebrate retinas. The remaining challenge is to understand how these well-characterized signaling pathways are activated and integrated to impact eye morphogenesis and retinal progenitor cell fate determination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. yang@jsei.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Xian-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D005123:Eye / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D019061:src-Family Kinases