title: Easy and accurate targeting of deep-seated hepatic tumors under laparoscopy with a forward-viewing convex-array transducer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is technically difficult to puncture deep-seated hepatic tumors by conventional laparoscopic ultrasonography with a linear-array probe. We have developed a laparoscopic ultrasonography system with a convex-array probe.
  
  
  METHODS
  The laparoscopic system used had a fixed forward-viewing convex-array transducer, and a guide groove for puncture was added to the back of the unit. These characteristics enabled us to continuously monitor the position of the needle tip on the ultrasonographic image immediately after puncturing on the liver surface. We attempted tumor puncture in 11 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma under a new probe guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean puncturing distance up to the tumors was 38.7 mm. All punctures were successful on the first pass and the tumors were treated with radiofrequency ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using this new equipment, puncturing hepatic tumors for treatment is relatively easy, irrespective of the position of the tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hozumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ido
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isoda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onobuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures / Q000295:instrumentation; D014159:Transducers; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000295:instrumentation; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*