title: Uveal melanoma expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors and susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study had two purposes: to examine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors on uveal melanoma cells and metastases arising from uveal melanoma and to determine the susceptibility of uveal melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine human uveal melanoma cell lines and three cell lines derived from uveal melanoma metastases were examined for TRAIL receptor expression by flow cytometry. In vitro apoptosis assays were performed to determine the relative susceptibility of uveal melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Annexin V staining was also used to determine the capacity of either cycloheximide or interferon-beta to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the nine uveal melanoma cell lines expressed TRAIL-R2 on more than 60% of the cells. All three of the cell lines derived from uveal melanoma metastases expressed TRAIL-R2 on more than 50% of the cells. Cycloheximide exerted a profound effect in enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis in all but two of the uveal melanoma cell lines and in all three of the metastases cell lines. Interferon-beta produced a similar enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis, even in cell lines that were previously shown to be resistant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRAIL is a potentially useful therapeutic modality for the management of uveal melanomas and their metastases. Moreover, pharmacological agents and biological response modifiers that independently display antineoplastic properties can enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in resistant uveal melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9057, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Haochuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.forename: Jerry Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Niederkorn
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053320:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C108661:TNFRSF10C protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016899:Interferon-beta; D003513:Cycloheximide