title: Circadian timing in cancer treatment: the biological foundation for an integrative approach.
abstract: Despite the many innovations that have occurred in cancer treatment, the age-specific mortality for most adult tumors has remained stable during the past 30 years. There have been clinically significant improvements in the outcomes of young and middle-aged patients, yet the vast majority of cancer patients are more than 50 years of age, among whom we observe few improvements in clinical outcomes. Clearly, many of today's cytotoxic agents have been shown to be effective in-vitro and in animal model systems; however, few have proved efficacious in dramatically improving survival outcomes in adult cancer. There is now increasing evidence to suggest that the administration of cytotoxic agents, at the appropriate circadian phase, can significantly increase the therapeutic index of current cancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Midwestern Regional Medical Center, Zion, IL 60099, USA. christopher.lis@mrmc-ctca.com
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lis
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Grutsch
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: William J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hrushesky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019454:Chronotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome