title: Suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes are normally larger than 1 cm by laparoscopic ultrasound evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic and endoscopic ultrasound is used to assess resectability of gastrointestinal malignancies. Lymph node size greater than 1 cm is a criterion used to identify suspicious nodes. We define size and echo characteristics of suprapancreatic and periportal nodes to determine if this criterion is reliable for suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 21 patients with nonacute gallbladder disease was performed. Each underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative ultrasound. The suprapancreatic and periportal nodes were evaluated in a transverse and longitudinal axis. Length and width measurements were taken in both orientations. Length-to-width ratios were calculated. Shape and echo textures were characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean size of both nodes was greater than 1 cm in the transverse and longitudinal orientation. Two nodes were "round." Remaining nodes were "oblong." All nodes had a hyperechoic center with a hypoechoic rim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes, size greater than 1 cm should not be used as criterion for malignancy.
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent Hospital and Health Services, 2001 W. 86th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Koler
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Arregui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional