title: Effects of redundant and nonredundant bimodal sensory stimulation on heart rate in bobwhite quail embryos.
abstract: Research with both animal embryos and human infants has provided evidence that information presented redundantly and in temporal synchrony across sensory modalities (intersensory redundancy) can guide selective attention, perceptual learning, and memory during early development. How this facilitation is achieved remains relatively unexamined. This study examined the effects of redundant versus nonredundant bimodal stimulation on a measure of physiological arousal (heart rate) in bobwhite quail embryos. Results show that quail embryos exposed to concurrent but nonredundant auditory and visual stimulation during the late stages of incubation exhibit significantly elevated heart rates following stimulus exposure and during stimulus reexposure when compared to embryos exposed to redundant and synchronous audiovisual stimulation, unimodal auditory stimulation, or no supplemental prenatal sensory stimulation. These findings indicate a functional distinction between redundant and nonredundant bimodal stimulation during early development and suggest that nonredundant bimodal stimulation during the prenatal period can raise arousal levels, thereby potentially interfering with the attentional capacities and perceptual learning of bobwhite quail. In contrast, intersensory redundancy appears to foster arousal levels that facilitate selective attention and perceptual learning during prenatal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. reynolds@sc.edu
authors.forename: Greg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lickliter
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D003088:Colinus / Q000196:embryology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*