title: Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam in pharmaceutical and urine samples.
abstract: New spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods have been developed to determine diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam (1,4-benzodiazepines) in pure forms, pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluid. The new methods are based on measuring absorption or emission spectra in methanolic potassium hydroxide solution. Fluorimetric methods have proved selective with low detection limits, whereas photometric methods showed relatively high detection limits. Successive applications of developed methods for drugs determination in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples were performed. Photometric methods gave linear calibration graphs in the ranges of 2.85-28.5, 0.316-3.16, and 0.316-3.16 microgml-1 with detection limits of 1.27, 0.08 and 0.13 microgml-1 for diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam, respectively. Corresponding average errors of 2.60, 5.26 and 3.93 and relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) of 2.79, 2.12 and 2.83, respectively, were obtained. Fluorimetric methods gave linear calibration graphs in the ranges of 0.03-0.34, 0.03-0.32 and 0.03-0.38 microgml-1 with detection limits of 7.13, 5.67 and 16.47 ngml-1 for diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam, respectively. Corresponding average errors of 0.29, 4.33 and 5.42 and R.S.D.s of 1.27, 1.96 and 1.14 were obtained, respectively. Statistical Students t-test and F-test have been used and satisfactory results were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. asalem@uaeu.ac.ae
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Barsoum
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Izake
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D001960:Bromazepam / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D003975:Diazepam / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D006878:Hydroxides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D002998:Clonazepam; D003975:Diazepam; C029943:potassium hydroxide; D001960:Bromazepam