title: [Routine funduscopic examination in hypertensive patients not useful].
abstract: Funduscopic examination according to the classification of Keith, Wagener and Barker has been used since 1939 to assess retinal damage in patients with hypertension. Improved treatment possibilities and the screening of patients with hypertension seem to have led to a decrease in the incidence and severity of the retinal abnormalities found. The following findings have been published during the past ten years. The assessment of retinopathy is subject to a large interobserver-variability, especially with respect to venous-crossings and arteriolar narrowing of retinal vessels. The positive and negative predictive value of retinopathy for high blood pressure is low. The association of retinopathy with other predictive indicators for organ damage is inconsistent and its association with cardiovascular complications is weak. These findings indicate that the usefulness of funduscopic examination as an instrument for assessing organ damage in patients with hypertension is limited. Therefore it should not be used as a routine diagnostic tool unless a hypertensive crisis is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Afd. Inwendige Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum/Universiteit van Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam. b.j.vandenborn@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: van den Born
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Schlingemann
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Montfrans
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index