title: Assessment of pediatric residents' otoscopic interpretive skills by videotaped examinations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate diagnosis of otitis media is essential to facilitate appropriate management. Few residency programs assess formally their residents' competency in diagnosing middle ear disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the performance of pediatric residents' otoscopic interpretive skills by level of training, with a videotaped otoendoscopic examination (VOE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A VOE was used to assess and compare the performance of a cross-sectional sample of 141 residents with one another by level of training as well as with novice and expert groups. Total score, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficients were calculated for each subject by comparing the subject's answers on the 50-ear test with the VOE's expert panel-derived answers, and averages were determined for each training level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each pediatric resident training group had moderate agreement (mean kappa coefficient range: .45-.56) with the VOE answers, compared with the novice group (mean kappa: .31, fair) and expert group (mean kappa: .80, substantial). Twenty-eight residents (20%) had fair or less agreement (kappa<.41) with the VOE answers. The mean total scores of all pediatric resident training levels were significantly (P<.05) lower than the expert group and significantly (P<.05) higher than the novice group (with exception of the early postgraduate year-1 group). Subjects with more training had higher kappa levels (r=.33,<.001, Spearman) when results were compared among novice, residents, and experts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found the VOE to be a feasible and reliable instrument to accurately distinguish novice, resident, and expert level skills in the determination of middle ear effusion status.
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Military Pediatric Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA. wjones@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: Woodson S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Phillip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kaleida
authors.forename: Joseph O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lopreiato
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004219:District of Columbia; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal / Q000379:methods; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D019720:Otoscopes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D010414:Pennsylvania; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013781:Texas; D014743:Videotape Recording / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*