title: Can fixation instability improve text perception during eccentric fixation in patients with central scotomas?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oculomotor behaviour was investigated in 14 patients with central scotomas from age related macular degeneration (AMD) or Stargardt's disease. A scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) was used to project letters and words onto the retina and to assess fixation behaviour. Five patients reported while deciphering letters that they needed to "move their eye" to prevent the image from vanishing. The observation of the SLO fundus images revealed that the gradual disappearance of the stimulus did not result from a transient projection of the word in the lesion. This prompted the authors to investigate, in an experimental setting, whether purposeful changes in fixation position could improve the perception of an eccentrically fixated text stimulus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty normal subjects were asked to alternate fixation, every three to four seconds, between two vertically aligned dots, spaced 10 degrees apart, and to report any changes in the perception of a laterally located letter, 1.5 degrees in height, 7 degrees apart and equidistant between the two fixation spots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen subjects reported a transient refreshment of the letter image immediately after the realisation of a saccade. Improved perception lasted approximately a second. With persistent fixation, they noted a rapid fading effect that reduced letter recognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that ocular instability during eccentric viewing can have a functional advantage, probably related to counteracting Troxler's phenomenon. In addition to alternating between PRLs, it appears that saccades related to fixation instability might be valuable and improve text perception in individuals with a central scotoma and eccentric fixation. This possibility should be taken into consideration when conducting visual rehabilitation procedures.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, 22 Alcide Jentzer, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. anouk.deruaz@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Déruaz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matter
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Whatham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duret
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Issenhuth
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Safran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011932:Reading; D012438:Saccades; D012607:Scotoma / Q000503:physiopathology; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity