title: Assessing biophysical energy transfer mechanisms in living systems: the basis of life processes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explain the energetic physiologic basis for acupuncture electroconductance effects and for gas discharge visualization (GDV) assessment methods, using a quantum biophysical model of entropy and information flows.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main reservoir of free energy in biologic processes is electron-excited states of complex molecular systems. Communities of delocalized excited pi-electrons in protein macromolecules are the basis of this energy reservoir. Specific structural-protein complexes within the mass of the skin provide channels of heightened electron conductivity, measured at acupuncture points on the surface. Stimulated impulse emissions from the skin are also developed mainly by transport of delocalized pi-electrons. Stimulated by high voltage impulses, optical emissions, with amplification in gaseous discharge, are registered by optical sensors (GDV). This quantum model supports an argument that GDV techniques provide indirect judgment about the level of energy resources at the molecular level of functioning in structural-protein complexes. Several years of GDV research have provided clinical correlations with well-accepted physiologic parameters. For example, postsurgery recovery progress is correlated with GDV parameters and GDV assessments provide independent diagnostic measures of psychophysical reserves in athletes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDV methods for investigating human functional states, by assessing electro-optical parameters of the skin, are based on the registration of physical processes emerging from electron components of tissue conductivity.
authors.affiliation: St. Petersburg Technical University ITMO, Russia.
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Korotkov
authors.forename: Berney
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Leonard A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wisneski
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004579:Electron Transport; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004735:Energy Transfer; D019277:Entropy; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D019369:Life; D008954:Models, Biological