title: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: use of MRI to guide needle biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of MRI to identify and biopsy areas of dedifferentiation in patients with a suspected diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-grade chondrosarcoma is characterized at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as having a lobulate, hyperintense appearance on T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. T2-weighted MR images were assessed in 15 patients with a final pathological diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma for regions of atypical reduced signal intensity. Information regarding the site of ultrasound or computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy was available in 10 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were male and six female with a mean age of 60 years (range 25-77 years). The sites involved were the distal femur (n+4) pelvis (n=3) proximal femur (n=4) femoral diaphysis (n=1) proximal humerus (n=2) and proximal tibia (n=1). The dedifferentiated component consisted of osteosarcoma (n=5) malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n=6) spindle cell sarcoma (n=1) leiomyosarcoma (n=1) and pleomorphic sarcoma (n=1). In 14 of the 15 cases, areas of lower signal intensity lacking in lobulation were identified. In nine of the 10 cases, biopsy site included such areas and yielded high-grade sarcoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dedifferentiation within chondrosarcoma may be identified on T2-weighted MRI as areas of reduced signal intensity. These areas should be the preferred site of biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK. asaifuddin@aol.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saifuddin
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahroof
authors.forename: J A S
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pringle
authors.forename: T W R
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies