title: Simultaneous determination of amphetamine derivatives in human urine after SPE extraction and HPLC-UV analysis.
abstract: Amphetamine derivatives are a class of compounds increasingly abused as recreational drugs in various regions of the world. Although d-amphetamine (AMPH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) are among the most commonly used, the abuse of other designer drugs such as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) and 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) and their involvement in acute intoxications has been increasingly reported. There is evidence that abusers ingest these compounds either alone or in combination and the respective monitoring is important for both legal and health care purposes in hospital emergency. In the present study a simple and clean solid-phase extraction procedure from urine of AMPH and MDMA, and their major metabolites p-hydroxyamphetamine (OH-AMPH) and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 2C-B and 4-MTA was developed. Analysis was performed by HPLC-UV and the precision of the technique was between 2.9 and 5.3% for all compounds. For the overall procedure, the precision values were between 3.3 and 5.9%. Recoveries obtained from spiked urines at three concentration levels were better than 84 +/- 4% for the six compounds. The limit of detection of the method for the compounds (between 5.3 and 84.0 ng) enables their identification in urine after ingestion of fatal and non-fatal doses. The main advantages of the present method lie in its simple, clean and reliable SPE extraction method of the six amphetamine derivatives from urine followed by their simultaneous detection and quantification by liquid chromatography with UV detection.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050/047 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carmo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Remião
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bastos
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines