title: Simultaneous quantification of cyclophosphamide, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, N,N',N"-triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa) and N,N',N"-triethylenephosphoramide (tepa) in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: The alkylating agents cyclophosphamide (CP) and N, N', N"-triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa) are often co-administered in high-dose chemotherapy regimens. Since these regimens can be complicated by the occurrence of severe and sometimes life-threatening toxicities, pharmacokinetically guided administration of these compounds, to reduce variability in exposure, may lead to improved tolerability. For rapid dose adaptations during a chemotherapy course, we have developed and validated an assay, using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), for the routine quantification of CP, thiotepa and their respective active metabolites 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4OHCP) and N, N', N"-triethylenephosphoramide (tepa) in plasma. Because of the instability of 4OHCP in plasma, the compound is derivatized with semicarbazide (SCZ) immediately after sample collection and quantified as 4OHCP-SCZ. Sample pretreatment consisted of protein precipitation with a mixture of methanol and acetronitrile using 100 microl of plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Zorbax Extend C18 column (150 x 2.1 mm i.d., particle size 5 microm), with a quick gradient using 1 mM ammonia solution and acetonitrile, at a flow-rate of 0.4 ml min(-1). The analytical run time was 10 min. The triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operating in the positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring was used for drug quantification. The method was validated over the concentration ranges 200-40,000 ng ml(-1) for CP, 50-5000 ng ml(-1) for 4OHCP-SCZ and 5-2500 ng ml(-1) for thiotepa and tepa, using 100 microl of human plasma. These dynamic concentration ranges proved to be relevant in daily practice. Hexamethylphosphoramide was used as an internal standard. The coefficients of variation were <12% for both intra-day and inter-day precisions for each compound. Mean accuracies were also between the designated limits (+/- 15%). This robust and rapid LC/MS/MS assay is now successfully applied for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of CP, thiotepa and their metabolites in our hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands. apmil@slz.nl
authors.forename: Milly E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.forename: Selma M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: Michel J X
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hillebrand
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosing
authors.forename: Alwin D R
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Huitema
authors.forename: Sjoerd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodenhuis
authors.forename: Jos H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beijnen
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013852:Thiotepa / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D013721:Triethylenephosphoramide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013852:Thiotepa; D013721:Triethylenephosphoramide