title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with metastatic esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the maximum-tolerated dose, toxicity profile, and pharmacokinetics of a fixed dose of paclitaxel followed by increasing doses of carboplatin, given weekly to patients with advanced esophageal or gastric junction cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paclitaxel was administered on day 1 as a 1-h infusion at a fixed dose of 100 mg/m(2) followed by a 1-h infusion of carboplatin targeting an area under the curve (AUC) of 2-5 mg x min/ml, with cycles repeated on days 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients [36 males; median (range) age, 57 (40-74) years] were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at a carboplatin AUC of 5 mg x min/ml and consisted of treatment delay attributable to myelosuppression. No grade 3/4 treatment-related nonhematological toxicity was observed. The highest dose intensity (>95% of the planned dose over time) was achieved with a carboplatin AUC of 4 mg x min/ml. The mean (+/-SD) AUCs of unbound (Cu) and total paclitaxel were 0.662 +/- 0.186 and 7.37 +/- 1.33 micro M x h, respectively. Clearance of Cu was 188 +/- 44.6 liter/h/m(2), which is not significantly different from historical data (P = 0.52). Cremophor EL clearance was 123 +/- 23 ml/h/m(2), similar to previous findings. Of 37 patients evaluable for response, 1 had complete response, 19 had partial response, and 10 had stable disease, accounting for an overall response rate of 54%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This regimen is very tolerable and effective, and the recommended doses for additional studies are paclitaxel (100 mg/m(2)), with carboplatin targeting an AUC of 4 mg x min/ml.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Pharmacology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marco B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Polee
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparreboom
authors.forename: Ferry A L M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Eskens
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van de Schaaf
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoter
authors.forename: Ate
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Gaast
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000633:toxicity*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel