title: Sports and performing arts medicine. 3. Lower-limb injuries in endurance sports.
abstract: This self-directed learning module highlights new advances in this topic area. It is part of the study guide on sports medicine and performing arts in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article uses case vignettes as a vehicle to elaborate on (1) ankle pain in a runner, (2) heel pain in an adolescent, (3) anterior knee pain in a runner, (4) lateral knee pain in a cyclist, (5) shin splints in a runner, (6) buttock pain in a hiker, and (7) collapse of a marathoner from hyponatremia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarize lower-limb injuries commonly seen in endurance sports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. larry.chou@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Larry H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Venu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Akuthota
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Santiago D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology