title: Dementia diagnosis and disclosure: a dilemma in practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Providing the individual with the correct information about their diagnosis can help maximize the patient's autonomy, however empirical evidence identifies inconsistencies in the practice of diagnosis disclosure in dementia. Within health care, ethical problems arise frequently and these present a challenge for health care professionals. This challenge can also give rise to conflict when professionals are torn between respecting autonomy, doing good and avoiding paternalism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to highlight the need for interprofessional collaboration when faced with ethical dilemmas such as diagnosis disclosure in the care of adults with dementia. The use of a dialogue and supplementary notes are used to explore crucial ethical points raised by health care professionals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing rate of dementia and the need for patients to have access to timely and appropriate information about their diagnosis has prompted much debate about disclosing the diagnosis with the individual who has dementia. This paper may also be useful for educational purposes when used as a framework for discussion/debate in student nurse education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethical theories are of benefit in assisting the members of the multidisciplinary team to reach a morally defensible decision. Making ethical decisions in practice can cause the nurse concern. While there is no complete set of 'rules' that can provide an answer to each ethical dilemma, it is of immense value to nurses working within the multidisciplinary team to possess a sound knowledge of ethical positions in order to analyse the many complex situations that nurses encounter. The pivotal role of the health care professional is to work in collaboration and engage in sharing the diagnosis with the patient. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate and encourage further debate and study regarding the individual with dementia and diagnosis disclosure. Recommendations for practice, education, policy and research will also be highlighted.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK. c.a.monaghan@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Begley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003219:Confidentiality; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D028663:Ethical Theory; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D026706:Paternalism / Q000941:ethics; D010344:Patient Advocacy / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000523:psychology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology; D014342:Truth Disclosure / Q000941:ethics*