title: Comparative study of morphine diffusion from sustained release polymeric suspensions.
abstract: In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to the design of drug delivery systems. Many polymeric excipients have been studied in order to make drug release fit the desired profiles. The aim of this work was to design a morphine oral suspension, as sustained release pharmaceutical formulations. To this end, two different ethylcellulose suspensions were prepared: one with the drug incorporated during synthesis (suspension A) so that the drug was inside the polymeric microparticles. In the second group of suspensions the drug was incorporated after synthesis (suspension B), thus resulting in the drug being adsorbed on the surface. The analytical technique used, spectrophotometry, showed that suspensions A were able to spontaneously encapsulate approximately 92% of the drug, whereas suspensions B adsorbed only 15% dose on the particle surface. Moreover, the diffusion results obtained with Franz-cells showed that suspensions A offered the possibility of easy control of the release rate of the active substance. This system transfers morphine hydrocloride during 24 h in accordance with a Weibull kinetic model. This dosage form presents the clinical advantage of less frequent dosing, with increased quality of life for patients. This report documents the suitability of our ethylcellulose polymeric suspension for encapsulated morphine with a controlled release rate.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallardo Lara
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Calpena
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doménech
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004058:Diffusion; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009020:Morphine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011108:Polymers; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011108:Polymers; D013535:Suspensions; D009020:Morphine; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D002482:Cellulose