title: Terminology and classification of the cortical dysplasias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been difficulties in achieving a uniform terminology in the literature regarding issues of classification with respect to focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) associated with epilepsy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  S: To review and refine the current terminology and classification issues of potential clinical relevance to epileptologists, neuroradiologists, and neuropathologists dealing with FCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A panel discussion of epileptologists, neuropathologists, and neuroradiologists with special expertise in FCD was held.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The panel proposed 1) a specific terminology for the different types of abnormal cells encountered in the cerebral cortex of patients with FCD; 2) a reappraisal of the different histopathologic abnormalities usually subsumed under the term "microdysgenesis," and suggested that this terminology be abandoned; and 3) a more detailed yet straightforward classification of the various histopathologic features that usually are included under the heterogeneous term of "focal cortical dysplasia."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The panel hopes that these proposals will stimulate the debate toward more specific clinical, imaging, histopathologic, and prognostic correlations in patients with FCD associated with epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. apalmini@uol.com.br
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Najm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avanzini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foldvary-Schaefer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Lüders
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prayson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spreafico
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Vinters
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009626:Terminology as Topic