title: Comparison of sequential cytomegalovirus isolates in a patient with lymphoma and failing antiviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) treatments in immunocompromised patients are hampered by resistance to antiviral drugs. Longitudinal changes in the resistance genotype may depend on changes in selective pressure and the complexity of CMV isolates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate longitudinal changes in the CMV resistance genotype and phenotype along with strain-specific variability in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in whom successive anti-CMV treatments failed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The resistance phenotype and genotype of seven CMV isolates collected from one patient during a 2-year follow-up period were retrospectively analysed. In parallel, we used glycoprotein B (gB) genotyping, and a- and UL10-13-sequence analysis to study CMV interstrain variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was infected by at least three CMV strains plus variants of the parental strains. Resistance to ganciclovir, cidofovir and foscarnet was successively detected during the follow-up period. UL97 protein kinase changes responsible for resistance to ganciclovir were initially detected at residues 591 and 592, and then at position 594. Decreased sensitivity to foscarnet coincided with the appearance of amino acid substitution N495K in DNA polymerase, whereas cross-resistance to ganciclovir and cidofovir was due to the L501I substitution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CMV isolates obtained from our patient were complex mixtures of strains. Changes in resistance genotypes depended on resistance selective pressure and were not linked to interstrain variation.
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ducancelle
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belloc
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alain
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scieux
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malphettes
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brouet
authors.forename: Marie-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sanson Le Pors
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mazeron
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000150:complications*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D017245:Foscarnet; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir; D015774:Ganciclovir