title: New methods for molecular diagnosis and demonstration of the (CCTG)n mutation in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2).
abstract: Myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2 are autosomal dominant, multisystemic disorders with many similarities in their clinical manifestations. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is caused by a (CTG)n expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene in 19q13.3 and myotonic dystrophy type 2 by a (CCTG)n expansion in intron 1 of ZNF9 in 3q21.3. However, the clinical diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 2 is more complex than that of myotonic dystrophy type 1, and conventional molecular genetic methods used for diagnosing myotonic dystrophy type 1 are insufficient for myotonic dystrophy type 2. Herein we describe two in situ hybridization protocols for the myotonic dystrophy type 2 mutation detection. Chromogenic in situ hybridization was used to detect both the genomic expansion and the mutant transcripts in muscle biopsy sections. Chromogenic in situ hybridization can be used in routine myotonic dystrophy type 2 diagnostics. Fluorescence in situ hybridization on extended DNA fibers was used to directly visualize the myotonic dystrophy type 2 mutation and to estimate the repeat expansion sizes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cancer Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sallinen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vihola
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bachinski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huoponen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hackman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sirito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalimo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meola
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horelli-Kuitunen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wessman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krahe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Udd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D042622:DNA Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009223:Myotonic Dystrophy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C007293:DAPI