title: The risk of finding focal cancer (less than 3 mm) remains high on re-biopsy of patients with persistently increased prostate specific antigen but the clinical significance is questionable.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the significance of focal prostate cancer found in sextant biopsies in men participating in a biennial prostate specific antigen (PSA) based screening program.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1995, 10000 men 50 to 65 years old were randomized to biennial screening with PSA testing. Sextant biopsies were recommended when total PSA was 3 ng/ml or greater at screening rounds 1 and 2, and 2.54 ng/ml or greater at subsequent screening rounds. Focal cancer was defined as total a core cancer length of less than 3 mm in the biopsy specimen. Low volume cancer was defined as a total tumor volume of less than 0.5 cm in the radical retropubic prostatectomy specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of men who underwent biopsy and the number of cancers detected in the 5 possible sets of biopsies were 1725 and 402, 706 and 124, 307 and 36, 103 and 9, and 13 and 0, respectively. The risk of detecting focal cancer was 7.9%, 10.2%, 7.5%, 5.8% and 0%, respectively, but the relative ratio (focal-to-all cancers) increased 34%, 58%, 64%, 67% and, not applicable, respectively. In men with a total core cancer length of less than 10 mm there was no correlation between core cancer length and total tumor volume, as measured in the prostatectomy specimen. Two-thirds of men with a total core cancer length of less than 3 mm had a tumor volume of greater than 0.5 cm, while the risk of low volume cancer was less than 5% only in men with a total core cancer length of greater than 10 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a repeat PSA based screening program sextant biopsies are of little or no value for predicting tumor volume.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zackrisson
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aus
authors.forename: Svante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergdahl
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lodding
authors.forename: Carl-Gustav
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pihl
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hugosson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen