title: Perfectionism and coping strategies as risk factors for the development of non-specific work-related upper limb disorders (WRULD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of non-specific work-related upper limb disorders (WRULD) is rising throughout western society. Literature and our own WRULD file (>1200 patients) revealed that both physical and psychosocial work-related factors are major causes of non-specific WRULD. It also appeared that non-specific WRULD was more likely to develop in patients with neurotic-perfectionist personalities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To see if, alongside physical and psychosocial work-related factors, personality factors play an important role in developing non-specific WRULD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study with two control groups, comparing 45 computer workers with non-specific WRULD with 45 computer workers free from upper limb disorder (first control group) and 42 chronic pain patients (second control group). Main questionnaires administered were: the Utrecht Coping List (UCL), measuring coping-styles; the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), measuring neurotic perfectionism; and the Symptom Check List (SCL-90), measuring general psychological complaints (psychoneuroticism). The SCL-90 was added because of its known high correlation with neurotic perfectionism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences in SCL-90 scores (chi(2) = 17.2, P < 0.0001), thereby potentially negating the significance of the higher neurotic perfectionism in the non-specific WRULD group. A second control group of chronic pain patients, with prospective high score on the SCL-90, was added. Logistic regression showed that, after controlling for psychoneuroticism, non-specific WRULD patients had more neurotic perfectionist traits (chi(2) = 22.83, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in mean UCL scores (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alongside physical and psychosocial work-related factors, psychoneuroticism and neurotic perfectionism appear to be important risk factors for developing non-specific WRULD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. mdf_van_eijsden@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M D F
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: van Eijsden-Besseling
authors.forename: F P M L
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: J A W
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reijnen
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications; D010551:Personality; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors