title: Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in neonatal kittens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in neonatal kittens and compare the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in young and adult cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 adult cats and 111 kittens (2 to 8 weeks old).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single dose of 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg was administered to adults (i.v.) and kittens (i.v., s.c., or p.o.). Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The half-life of enrofloxacin administered i.v. in 2-, 6-, and 8-week-old kittens was significantly shorter and its elimination rate significantly greater than that detected in adults. The apparent volumes of distribution were lower at 2 to 4 weeks and greater at 6 to 8 weeks. This resulted in lower peak plasma concentration (Cmax) at 6 to 8 weeks; however, initial plasma concentration was within the therapeutic range after i.v. administration at all ages. Compared with i.v. administration, s.c. injection of enrofloxacin in 2-week-old kittens resulted in similar Cmax, half-life, clearance, and area under the curve values. Enrofloxacin administered via s.c. injection was well absorbed in 6- and 8-week-old kittens, but greater clearance and apparent volume of distribution resulted in lower plasma concentrations. Oral administration of enrofloxacin resulted in poor bioavailability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In neonatal kittens, i.v. and s.c. administration of enrofloxacin provided an effective route of administration. Oral administration of enrofloxacin in kittens did not result in therapeutic drug concentrations. Doses may need to be increased to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations in 6- to 8-week-old kittens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
authors.forename: M Alexis
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Papich
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sigle
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Julie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats / Q000378:metabolism*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000097:blood; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin