title: Effects of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and pravastatin in Japanese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of repeated grapefruit juice (GFJ) intake on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and pravastatin in Japanese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two randomized, two-way crossover studies were performed. GFJ or water was given to two groups of 10 subjects each three times daily for 2 days. On the third day, single 10 mg doses of atorvastatin or pravastatin were orally administered with GFJ or water, and an additional 250 ml of GFJ or water was taken before lunch and dinner. Plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its metabolites were determined over 48 h postdosing and of pravastatin and its metabolites over 24 h postdosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with in the water group, the AUC(0,48 h) of atorvastatin acid significantly increased by 1.40 fold (95% CI 1.02, 1.92; P < 0.05) when atorvastatin was taken with GFJ. AUC(0,48 h) and C(max) of atorvastatin lactone significantly increased by 1.56 (95% CI 1.33, 1.83; P < 0.001) and 1.29 fold (95% CI 1.09, 1.51; P < 0.01), respectively, when atorvastatin was taken with GFJ. No significant changes were detected in any pravastatin pharmacokinetic parameter examined when pravastatin was taken with GFJ. However, AUC(0,24 h) of pravastatin lactone increased 1.31 fold (95% CI 1.01, 1.71; P < 0.05) with GFJ intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GFJ was confirmed to significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin but had little or no effect on those of pravastatin in Japanese subjects.
authors.affiliation: Medical Corporation Keiyu-Kai-Group, Obara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukazawa
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001628:Beverages; D002957:Citrus; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D011758:Pyrroles; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D017035:Pravastatin