title: Psychological and cognitive function: predictors of adherence with cholesterol lowering treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Failure to adhere to medication regimes is a significant problem in clinical and research settings yet reliable, consistent identification of key psychosocial predictors remains elusive. Studies of mood and personality related to adherence show mixed results-compliance and objectively measured cognitive function are intuitively related but empirical support is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study is a secondary analysis to examine the relations between adherence with a medication regime for lowering serum cholesterol and several domains of psychological and cognitive functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the initial study completed a measure of personality and a battery of neuropsychological measures at baseline; anxiety and depression were measured at baseline and at 4-week intervals. Medication adherence was tracked with electronic cap monitors for 24 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 23% of the sample was fully adherent to medication regimes at least 80% of the time over the 6-month study period. Conscientiousness, according to the Five Factor Theory of Personality, and estimated IQ remained robust predictors of adherence in hierarchical regression analyses. Depression and anxiety, mental flexibility, and visuospatial-constructional ability were less robust but statistically significant (p <.05) correlates of adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although results of this analysis explain only a portion of the variance in adherence, they demonstrate the importance of trait psychological and cognitive factors in adherence research.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA. css100@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Carol S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Stilley
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sereika
authors.forename: Matthew F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Muldoon
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunbar-Jacob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D007360:Intelligence; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008148:Lovastatin