title: Effects of valproic acid on longitudinal bone growth.
abstract: Valproic acid is widely used in the treatment of children with epilepsy. Evidence indicates that valproic acid has teratogenic effects on the skeletal system. In addition, the use of valproic acid in children has been associated with short stature. Thus, we hypothesized that valproic acid could also affect bone growth after skeletal morphogenesis is completed. To test this hypothesis, we cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones in the presence of valproic acid. Valproic acid markedly suppressed metatarsal longitudinal growth. To determine the underlying mechanisms, we studied cell proliferation and hypertrophy in the growth plate, the site where bone growth takes place. At the end of the culture period, valproic acid-treated bones exhibited narrow growth plate proliferative and hypertrophic zones and an expanded ossification center. In addition, valproic acid suppressed chondrocyte proliferation in the metatarsal rudiments. Our results suggest that valproic acid suppresses longitudinal bone growth by inhibiting cartilage formation and accelerating ossification of the growth plate. These findings warrant a prospective study on the effects of valproic acid on growth in children treated with valproic acid.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA.
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legido
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Luca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014635:Valproic Acid