title: Matrix-metalloproteinase activity in first trimester placental bed biopsies in further complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies.
abstract: Trophoblast invasion is partly regulated by matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). Aberrations in MMP-activity in early pregnancy are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of pregnancy associated conditions like pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). A direct relation however, has not been published. We tested the hypothesis that MMP activity in the decidua is compromised in the first trimester of pregnancies, which are complicated by hypertensive disorders or IUGR in later pregnancy. During chorionic villus biopsy, decidua is microscopically separated from the villi and stored. A selection of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia or HELLP-syndrome or IUGR was made, with two matched controls each. Zymography was performed to identify the presence of MMPs, and subsequently immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 and -9 and cytokeratin 7 to examine differences between cases and controls. Next, a specific immuno-capture assay was used to determine the activity of MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, and 13, total as well as active. Although presence of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was found, which corresponded with the immunohistochemistry, no significant differences could be demonstrated between activity of total MMP-2 and total MMP-9 in complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies. Activity of MMP-1, -3, -8 and -13 could not be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  our study confirms the presence of MMP-2 and -9 in first trimester placental bed biopsies, but does not support the current concept of deranged MMP-activity in early pregnancy in further complicated pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Groningen, CMC V, 4th floor, Y4187, PO Box 30001 Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Timmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeinstra
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Serlier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanemaaijer
authors.forename: H v
authors.initials: Hv
authors.lastname: Goor
authors.forename: J J H M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Erwich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015193:Chorionic Villi Sampling; D003656:Decidua / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology; D017359:HELLP Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008423:Maternal Age; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk
chemical_list: D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases