title: An unusual case of painful phantom-limb sensations during regional anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this article is to describe a late-onset phantom-limb pain during a continuous analgesic popliteal nerve block after foot surgery and its alleviation and recurrence when stopping and resuming the local anesthetic infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 29-year-old woman undergoing a left hallux valgus repair received a continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block for postoperative analgesia. Postoperatively, 6 hours after the commencement of a ropivacaine 0.2% infusion, she reported feelings of tingling, clenching pain, and missing-limb sensation below the ankle. The surgical site remained painless. Sensation elicited by touch and propioception were normally perceived. Only sensations for pinprick and heat were impaired. The ropivacaine infusion was stopped, followed 2.5 hours later by the complete regression of any abnormal sensation. Meanwhile, pain at the surgical site was scored at 50 mm on a 100-mm visual analogic scale. As the infusion of ropivacaine was resumed, the abnormal sensations reappeared. The catheter was removed, and abnormal sensations again disappeared. The patient was discharged from hospital without further complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This observation suggests that phantom-limb pain can be of late-onset and might occur during a continuous infusion of low-concentration local anesthetic responsible only for an analgesic block, as shown by the fact that only thermal and pinprick sensations, known to depend on Adelta-fibers and C-fibers, were altered. Therefore, this case contradicts the usual belief that a profound block is necessary to elicit phantom-limb pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salp|$$|Axetrière, Assistance Publique H|$$|Axopitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. xavier.paqueron@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Paqueron
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lauwick
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Guen
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coriat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000187:drug effects; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine