title: Exacerbation of soft tissue lesions in lead exposed virus infected mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Lead (Pb) acetate exposure on Semliki forest virus (SFV) pathogenesis in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Different doses (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/Kg body weight) of Pb dissolved in normal saline were given to mice by oral intubation in a sub-acute (28 days) and sub-chronic (90 days) regimen followed by SFV infection. Morbidity, mortality, clinical symptoms, mean survival time (MST), changes in body and organ weight, accumulation of lead in soft tissues, virus titre in brain and histopathological alterations were compared between lead exposed and infected groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early appearance of virus symptoms, increased mortality, decreased MST, enhanced SFV titre and greater tissue damage were observed in lead exposed-SFV-infected mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-exposure to lead increases the susceptibility of mice towards SFV infection. Further studies are suggested in view of the persistence of lead in the environment and the possibility of infection by microbial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Virology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shanker
authors.forename: R K S
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
mesh_terms: D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D012672:Semliki forest virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead