title: Molecular phylogeny of the extinct cave lion Panthera leo spelaea.
abstract: To reconstruct the phylogenetic position of the extinct cave lion (Panthera leo spelaea), we sequenced 1 kb of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from two Pleistocene cave lion DNA samples (47 and 32 ky B.P.). Phylogenetic analysis shows that the ancient sequences form a clade that is most closely related to the extant lions from Africa and Asia; at the same time, cave lions appear to be highly distinct from their living relatives. Our data show that these cave lion sequences represent lineages that were isolated from lions in Africa and Asia since their dispersal over Europe about 600 ky B.P., as they are not found among our sample of extant populations. The cave lion lineages presented here went extinct without mitochondrial descendants on other continents. The high sequence divergence in the cytochrome b gene between cave and modern lions is notable.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Archaeology Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. jburger@mail.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosendahl
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Loreille
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Götherström
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wess
authors.forename: Kurt W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Alt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005580:Fossils; D008045:Lions / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA; D045303:Cytochromes b