title: Effect of blood admixture on in vitro survival of chilled and frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa.
abstract: Hematospermia in the dog usually occurs secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy or trauma of the penis or prepuce during semen collection. Regarding the difficulty of removing blood cells from a hematospermic sample, the present study was performed to determine whether blood contaminated ejaculates can still be chilled (4 degrees C) or frozen (-196 degrees C) without an additional decrease in sperm quality. In the first experiment, blood additions of up to 10% exerted no negative effects on the functional characteristics of canine spermatozoa cooled (4 degrees C) and stored for 4 days in an egg-yolk-Tris extender. In contrast, in experiment 2, blood admixtures of 4% or more clearly caused negative effects on cryopreserved (-196 degrees C) spermatozoa, mainly on the motility parameters, on the membrane integrity and on the acrosomal status of the spermatozoa. In experiment 3, we showed that these negative effects of blood admixture on cryopreserved spermatozoa were mainly associated with the red blood cells (RBCs) whereas the addition of plasma, serum or inactivated serum exerted little or no negative effect. Moreover, in experiment 4, we showed that 58.3+/-11.6% of the RBCs hemolysed after a freeze-thaw process. In experiment 5, a clear and negative effect of hemoglobin on cryopreserved canine spermatozoa was observed. We conclude that the presence of up to 10% blood is not detrimental for the storage of chilled canine spermatozoa and that the detrimental effects of blood on cryopreserved spermatozoa are at least partly attributable to the high amount of hemoglobin originating from the RBC hemolysis observed after freezing and thawing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Tom.Rijsselaere@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rijsselaere
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Soom
authors.forename: Dominiek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verberckmoes
authors.forename: Aart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Kruif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002470:Cell Survival; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D006461:Hemolysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure