Toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients receiving anticonvulsants and cranial irradiation: a risk to consider.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an infrequent disease but with a high mortality rate. It is a mucocutaneous reaction resulting from hypersensitivity to a variety of agents including most anticonvulsants. Many patients with primary or metastatic intracranial tumours receive anticonvulsants for seizure prophylaxis despite their efficacy not having been clearly demonstrated. Moreover, several cases have been reported in the literature in which serious adverse drug reactions such as TEN and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) have occurred following anticonvulsants exposure. In some of these cases the effect of radiation therapy and the tapering of steroid dose on the pathogenesis of these reactions have been highlighted. We report, here, a case of TEN that appeared in a patient receiving phenytoin, and shortly after the end of cranial and thoracic irradiation therapy for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical considerations about diagnosis of SJS and TEN are presented. The use of prophylactic anticonvulsants is also discussed as well as a review of the literature.
Aguiar
David
D
Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain. dagubuj@gobiernodecanarias.org
Pazo
Roberto
R
Durán
Ignacio
I
Terrasa
Josefa
J
Arrivi
Antonio
A
Manzano
Herminio
H
Martín
Javier
J
Rifá
Julio
J
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010672:Phenytoin