title: Changes of the cerebral mannitol concentrations in the course of brain death of a rodent model.
abstract: Determining the time of brain death is one of the critical issues in forensic examinations. Few authors have attempted to determine the time of brain death using pharmacokinetic approaches. We investigated cerebral concentrations of mannitol of which a single dose (1 g/kg) was administered in the course of brain death. The inflation of an epidural balloon was adopted as a rodent model of brain death. Brain death was determined using ordinary tests. Specimens were collected 4 h after brain death. Brain water content was higher in brain dead (BD) groups than those in control groups. Cerebral concentrations of mannitol in the BD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). In all areas of brain the concentration was the highest at the time when mannitol was administered during balloon inflation. Interhemispheric difference in the cerebrum was observed, followed by balloon inflation (P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in the average concentration of administered mannitol before and after brain death in the contralateral hemisphere (P<0.01) and in the brainstem (P<0.01). As the concentrations of mannitol in the brain are affected by cerebral trauma and brain death follows, mannitol can be used to determine the time of brain death at forensic examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology and Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiyoshima
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tobimatsu
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001926:Brain Death / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D014867:Water; D008353:Mannitol