title: The distribution of sevoflurane in a sevoflurane induced death.
abstract: The distribution of sevoflurane (fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether) in blood, urine, liver, kidney, vitreous humor, and tracheal aspirate is presented from a subject with a sevoflurane induced death. Sevoflurane is a nonflammable general anesthetic administered by inhalation of vaporized liquid. Although general inhalation anesthetics have the potential to be fatal if not properly administered, the incidence of abuse is minute in comparison to other illicit drugs. Currently, there are no citations in the literature defining the body distribution of sevoflurane in a sevoflurane induced death. The decedent was found lying in a bed with an oxygen mask containing a gauze pad secured to his face. Three empty bottles and one partially full bottle of Ultane (sevoflurane) were found with the body in addition to two pill boxes containing a variety of prescription and non-prescription drugs. Serum, urine and gastric contents from the deceased were screened for numerous drugs and metabolites using a combination of thin layer chromatographic, colorimetric and immunoassay techniques. Analysis of biological specimens from the deceased revealed the presence of: amphetamine, caffeine, pseudoephedrine, nicotine, nicotine metabolite, and valproic acid. Sevoflurane concentrations were determined by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and revealed concentrations of 26.2 microg/mL in the blood, 105 microg/mL in the urine, 31.9 microg/mL in the tracheal aspirate, 86.7 microg/mL in the vitreous humor, 30.8 mg/kg in the liver, and 12.8 mg/kg in the kidney. The decedent had pathologies consistent with respiratory suppression including pulmonary atelectasis, pulmonary edema, and neck vein distention. The official cause of death was respiratory suppression by sevoflurane and the manner of death was unclear.
authors.affiliation: Section of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA. toxdoc2b@yahoo.com
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: Gretel C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ferslew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000506:poisoning*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014132:Trachea / Q000737:chemistry; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane