title: Utilization of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke, although only 2% of patients with stroke receive intravenous tPA nationally.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of tPA use for stroke in the Cleveland, Ohio, community and the reasons why patients were excluded from thrombolysis treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community. Subjects Patients admitted because of stroke to the 9 Cleveland Clinic Health System hospitals from June 15, 1999, to June 15, 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilization of intravenous tPA and reasons for ineligibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1923 admissions for ischemic stroke in the 1-year period. Of these, 288 (15.0%) arrived within the 3-hour time window, and approximately 6.9% were considered eligible for tPA. The most common reasons for exclusion among patients arriving within 3 hours were mild neurologic impairment and rapidly improving symptoms. The overall rate of tPA use among patients presenting within 3 hours was 19.4%, and the rate of use among eligible patients was 43.4% (n = 56). The use of tPA did not differ significantly according to race or sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only 15% of patients arrived within the 3-hour time window for intravenous tPA, making delay in presentation the most common reason patients were ineligible for i.v. thrombolysis. Neurologic criteria were the second most common group of exclusions. Overall tPA use was low, but it was used in nearly half of all patients with no documented contraindications. Intravenous tPA use in a community setting can compare favorably with the rate of use seen in academic medical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. katzani@ccf.org
authors.forename: Irene L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Katzan
authors.forename: Maxim D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Hixson
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abou-Chebl
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nadzam
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator