title: Rapid epidemic spread of HIV type 1 subtype A1 among intravenous drug users in Latvia and slower spread of subtype B among other risk groups.
abstract: To investigate the rapid HIV epidemic in Latvia, 97 newly detected individuals were sampled in 2000-2001. To establish the molecular epidemiology we sequenced the env V3 and gag p17 regions of the HIV genome and compared them with reference sequences using phylogenetic analyses. As expected, the vast majority (n = 88; 91%) were intravenous drug users (IDUs) from the Riga region. Also, the majority of the investigated individuals (n = 93; 96%) were found to carry a subtype A1 virus that may have entered the Latvian IDU population several times. In addition, one IDU was infected with CRF03_AB and three other individuals, who had been infected through sexual contacts, carried subtype B virus. Thus, subtype A1 dominates the Latvian epidemic and is strongly associated with the IDU risk group. Although some spread of subtype A1 has occurred in the heterosexual group, subtype B dominates among homosexually and heterosexually infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dace
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balode
authors.forename: Andris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferdats
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dievberna
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viksna
authors.forename: Baiba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rozentale
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolupajeva
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Konicheva
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leitner
mesh_terms: D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D015752:Genes, env; D015750:Genes, gag; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020010:Heterosexuality; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015488:HIV Antigens; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C054858:p17 protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1