title: ATP-sensitive K(+) channels regulate the concentrative adenosine transporter CNT2 following activation by A(1) adenosine receptors.
abstract: This study describes a novel mechanism of regulation of the high-affinity Na(+)-dependent adenosine transporter (CNT2) via the activation of A(1) adenosine receptors (A(1)R). This regulation is mediated by the activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels. The high-affinity Na(+)-dependent adenosine transporter CNT2 and A(1)R are coexpressed in the basolateral domain of the rat hepatocyte plasma membrane and are colocalized in the rat hepatoma cell line FAO. The transient increase in CNT2-mediated transport activity triggered by (-)-N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine is fully inhibited by K(ATP) channel blockers and mimicked by a K(ATP) channel opener. A(1)R agonist activation of CNT2 occurs in both hepatocytes and FAO cells, which express Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR1, SUR2A, and SUR2B mRNA channel subunits. With the available antibodies against Kir6.X, SUR2A, and SUR2B, it is shown that all of these proteins colocalize with CNT2 and A(1)R in defined plasma membrane domains of FAO cells. The extent of the purinergic modulation of CNT2 is affected by the glucose concentration, a finding which indicates that glycemia and glucose metabolism may affect this cross-regulation among A(1)R, CNT2, and K(ATP) channels. These results also suggest that the activation of K(ATP) channels under metabolic stress can be mediated by the activation of A(1)R. Cell protection under these circumstances may be achieved by potentiation of the uptake of adenosine and its further metabolization to ATP. Mediation of purinergic responses and a connection between the intracellular energy status and the need for an exogenous adenosine supply are novel roles for K(ATP) channels.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08071 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duflot
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riera
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández-Veledo
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Casadó
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lluís
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Marçal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pastor-Anglada
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000378:metabolism; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D011684:Purine Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011684:Purine Nucleosides; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; C065171:cif nucleoside transporter; C047235:N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine; D005947:Glucose; D000241:Adenosine