title: Ensilage of cardboard and date palm leaves.
abstract: Eight treatments of cardboard (CB) and date palm leaves (DPL) with or without alkali treatments plus molasses, dates, and ammonium sulfate were ensiled in laboratory silos. Latobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculants were added at an application rate of 10(5) cfu/g of silage to study their possible influence on the fermentation process. Silos were sealed and incubated at 30 degrees C. The anaerobic ensiling was evaluated for chemical and microbiological variables by opening the silos after 30, 60, and 90 days. After 90 days, significantly low pH values (5.2-3.5) were obtained. The percentages of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and ash were determined. Concentrations of reducing sugars, ether extract, and crude protein tended to be acceptable among treatments. Silages showed a significantly high lactic acid concentration (up to 4.3%) and only traces of butyric acid (below 1%). Also changes in acetic and propionic acids concentrations were determined. Lactobacillus populations remained almost static while yeast and molds populations tended to be lower after 90 days of ensilage. Neither alkali treatment nor microbial inoculants showed a relationship with the ensiling process. Thus, overall, it was concluded that CB and DPL can be effectively ensiled and the resultant silages are acceptable to merit their use as ruminant feed in arid regions.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Department, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Baroon
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: El-Nawawy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Othman
mesh_terms: D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D019149:Bioreactors; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D008965:Molasses; D010209:Paper; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D011506:Proteins; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate