title: In vivo application of 3D-line skeleton graph analysis (LSGA) technique with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone structure.
abstract: Over the last several years magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as a means of measuring in vivo 3D trabecular bone structure. In particular, MR based diagnosis could be used to complement standard bone mineral density (BMD) methods for assessing osteoporosis and evaluating longitudinal changes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using the 3D-LSGA technique for the evaluation of trabecular bone structure of high-resolution MR images, particularly for assessing longitudinal changes, in vivo. First, the reproducibility of topological 3D-LSGA based measurements was evaluated in a set of seven volunteers, and coefficients of variations ranged from 3.5% to 6%. Second, high-resolution MR images of the radius in 30 postmenopausal women from a placebo controlled drug study (Idoxifene), divided into placebo ( n=9) and treated ( n=21) groups, were obtained at baseline (BL) and after 1 year of treatment (follow-up, FU). In addition, dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of BMD were obtained in the distal radius. Standard morphological measurements based on the mean intercept length (MIL) technique as well as 3D-LSGA based measurements were applied to the 3D MR images. Significant changes from BL to FU were detected, in the treated group, using the topological 3D-LSGA based measurements, morphological measures of volume of connected trabeculae and App Tb.N from MIL analysis. The duration of the study was short, and the number of patients remaining in the study was small, hence these results cannot be interpreted with regard to a true therapeutic response. Furthermore, the site (wrist) and the drug (idoxifene) are not optimal for follow-up study. However, this paper demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D-LSGA based evaluation coupled with in vivo high-resolution MR imaging as a complementary approach for the monitoring of trabecular bone changes in individual subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Science Center, University of California San Francisco, 1 Irving Street, Room AC-109, San Francisco, CA 94143-1290, USA.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pothuaud
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Newitt
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011884:Radius / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D013629:Tamoxifen; C071362:idoxifene