title: Functional MR imaging: paradigms for clinical preoperative mapping.
abstract: Clinical applications of functional MR imaging include mapping of brain functions in relationship to intracranial tumors, seizure foci, or vascular malformations to determine the risk for performing surgical excision, the need for intraoperative mapping during excision, and selecting the optimal surgical approach to a lesion. A variety of paradigms are used to produce a blood-oxygen-level-dependent response in various brain regions, which can be identified with functional MR imaging. The paradigms used include active motor, language, or cognitive tasks, and passive tactile, auditory, or visual stimuli. Activation usually indicates the location of eloquent cortex. Lack of function in a region cannot be assumed when functional MR imaging shows absence of activation within the region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals and Clinics, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, E3/311 CSC, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haughton
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D014110:Touch