title: Interleukin-11 and IL-17 and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-11 and IL-17 are cytokines that modulate the inflammatory process and have not been assessed within normal or inflamed gingival tissues. Our purpose was to compare concentrations of human IL-11 and IL-17 within healthy and diseased human gingiva to determine their possible role in the initiation or progression of periodontal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsies from healthy (non-hemorrhagic gingiva adjacent to a < or = 3 mm gingival sulcus) and diseased gingiva (hemorrhagic gingiva adjacent to a > or = 3 mm periodontal pocket) were studied. IL-11, IL-17, RANTES, and IL-6 concentrations were assessed within solubilized gingival biopsies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance and a post-hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Regression analysis and partial correlation analysis (adjusted for sample weight) were also used to determine correlations between the variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-11 concentrations were highest within gingiva adjacent to 3 mm diseased pockets (P < 0.001), and IL-17 concentrations were highest at 4 to 5 mm sites compared to other sites (P < 0.001). Gingival concentrations of both cytokines were significantly lower in gingiva adjacent to a > or = 6 mm pocket. RANTES concentrations were significantly greater in gingiva adjacent to > or = 6 mm pockets than in tissues derived from other sites (P < 0.001). IL-11, IL-6, and RANTES concentrations were significantly correlated with sulcular depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gingival concentrations of IL-11 and IL-17 are different in diseased gingiva adjacent to 3, 4 to 5, and > or = 6 mm pockets, suggesting that their concentrations change as a consequence of the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis and that both cytokines could have a significant role in this progression. These data may be useful for the design of procedures for prevention of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA. rjohnson@sod.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Serio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000032:analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D005888:Gingival Pocket / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000032:analysis*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000032:analysis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D017370:Interleukin-11; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6