title: Genetic profile of bone metastases in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to define specific genetic alterations which are common in bone metastases in renal cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor DNA from 31 metastases and 13 related primary tumors was extracted from paraffin embedded tissue sections. DOP-PCR was performed to amplify the whole DNA. After labelling by PCR, CGH was performed according to standard protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of aberrations per metastasis was 6.3 (1-13). Losses of chromosomes 3p (76%), 6 (20%), 8p (20%), 9 (34%), 14q (27%) and 18 (20%) as well as gains of chromosomes 5 (45%), 8q (34%) and 17 (27%) were detected frequently. Thirteen related primary tumors were also investigated. In 7 cases, at least one identical alteration was found in both primary tumor and metastases. In these cases, the number of alterations was mostly higher in primary tumors than in metastases without statistical significance. However, in general, the frequency of alterations was higher in metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma are characterized by typical genetic alterations. Changes leading to metastasizing happen early in tumor pathogenesis. However, further accumulation of genetic changes occurs in metastases leading to a more complex genetic pattern which might be necessary for progression to clinically relevant metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Lessingstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junker
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romics
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szendroi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riesz
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moravek
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hindermann
authors.forename: Rando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm