title: Influence of dietary simulating solvents on the hardness of provisional restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of dietary simulating solvents on surface hardness of chemical, light and dual-cure provisional restorative materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The provisional materials evaluated were Temporary Bridge Resin (TBR) (Dentsply), Protemp Garant (PG) (ESPE-3M), Luxatemp Automix (LA) (DMG), Unifast LC (UF) (GC), Luxatemp Solar Plus (LS) (DMG) and Provipoint DC (PP) (Vivadent). Materials were manipulated according to manufacturers' instructions and placed in customized molds. Immediately after setting/light-polymerization, the materials were stored in the following dietary simulating solvents at 37 degrees C for 1 week: (a) heptane, (b) 100% ethanol solution (ES), (c) 75% ES, (d) 50% ES, (e) 25% ES, and (f) distilled water. Specimens stored in air were used as control. After the one-week conditioning period, hardness testing (KHN; n = 6) was carried out with a digital microhardness tester (load=100 gf; dwell time=15 s). Hardness ratios were plotted against the solubility parameter of the solvents and the Environmental Index was subsequently computed. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Scheffe's test at significance level 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all materials, conditioning in the various ES resulted in significantly lower KHN values compared to conditioning in air and water. TBR, UF and PP were also significantly softened by conditioning in heptane. Ranking of Environmental Index was as follows: LS>LA>PG>TBR>UF>PP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All provisional materials were significantly softened by aqueous ethanol solutions. Materials based on bis-acryl resins were generally more resistant to damage from dietary solvents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, Singapore 119074. rsdyapuj@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Adrian U J
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Michael K S
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.forename: Clement P W
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lye
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Loh
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D003833:Denture, Partial, Temporary; D004032:Diet; D000431:Ethanol; D006244:Hardness; D006536:Heptanes; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D006536:Heptanes; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; D000431:Ethanol