title: Periodontal parameters around implants anchoring orthodontic appliances: a series of case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implants replacing missing teeth provide advantages over clinical orthodontic treatment as compensation for reaction forces is no longer necessary and the lack of teeth is immediately resolved.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 two-stage implants were inserted (16 in maxilla, 22 in mandible) in 10 partially edentulous patients with orthodontic problems. Osseointegration and marginal bone levels were assessed via intra-oral radiographs taken at the abutment stage and at the completion of the orthodontic treatment and also via probing depth, measurement of recession toward the implant/abutment (I/A) interface, and sulcus bleeding index, recorded after completion of orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the maxilla, the cumulative survival rate was 87.1% after 2 years; for the mandible, it remained 100%. Mean amount of bone loss was 1.6 mm for maxilla and 0.8 mm for mandible. No correlation could be found between directions of orthodontic forces and marginal bone loss. Mean percentage of bleeding sites was 38.5% and 25%, respectively, for implants in the maxilla and mandible. Attachment level was 1.2 mm (SD: 1.2) below I/A interface after completion of the orthodonic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant marginal bone loss was present. Using implants during orthodontics can result in an easier and more predictable treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Liene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molly
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Steenberghe
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quirynen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D016348:Osseointegration; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants