title: The value of the CAGE in screening for alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in general clinical populations: a diagnostic meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a meta-analysis to assess diagnostic characteristics of the CAGE in screening for alcohol abuse or dependence in a general clinical population and to test a new method for pooling of ROC curves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline search performed over the period 1/1/1974 to 31/12/2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calculation of diagnostic values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 35 articles using the DSM criteria as the gold standard to test the diagnostic value of the CAGE. Only 10 studies could be included for the meta-analysis. With a cutoff point > or =2, the pooled sensitivity is far better in inpatients (0.87) than in primary care patients (0.71) or ambulatory patients (0.60). The pooled specificity also differs for each group. The likelihood ratios seem to be relatively constant over the populations (overall LR+:3.44;LR-:0.18). We calculated a pooled AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.85-0.89). At low specificity values, the sensitivity was homogeneous over the studies, and at a low sensitivity, the specificity was heterogeneous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic value of the CAGE is of limited value using this test for screening purposes at his recommended cutpoint of > or =2.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Katholicke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. bert.aertgeerts@med.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aertgeerts
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buntinx
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kester
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires