title: The clades of HIV: their origins and clinical significance.
abstract: It is over 20 years since the identification of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS. Despite the innovation and perseverance of biomedical researchers, HIV has cumulatively infected over 60 million individuals and caused the deaths of over 28 million, the majority in the developing world. There is perhaps no greater need in medical science than the development of more effective treatments for HIV and, ultimately, a protective vaccine. The spread of an extraordinary range of variants of HIV has implications for diagnosis and therapy. As the availability of antiretrovirals increases, data on the clinical response to treatment for non-B subtype infections has increasing relevance. Efficient targeting of the extreme genetic diversity of HIV-1, and an understanding of the processes underlying this, represents one of the major challenges in the control of this ongoing pandemic.
authors.affiliation: The St Stephen's Centre, The Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stebbing
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moyle
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D000077560:Enfuvirtide; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015163:Superinfection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000077560:Enfuvirtide