title: Serum cytochrome c level as a prognostic indicator in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apoptosis may play an important role in the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). To quantify the extent of apoptosis in these morbidities, we developed a sandwich ELISA system to measure serum cytochrome c (cyt-c) levels and we investigated the prognostic significance of cyt-c concentration in SIRS/MODS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cyt-c concentrations in patients with SIRS (n=53) with or at risk for MODS were measured and compared with those of control subjects (n=14).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyt-c concentrations in SIRS/MODS patients increased (0.24-210 ng/ml), whereas those in control subjects were under detection limits (0.1 ng/ml). Cyt-c concentrations in non-survivors increased significantly compared with those in survivors both on the day of admission and on the fifth hospital day. A significant positive correlation was found between cyt-c concentration and two representative organ dysfunction scores, APACHE II and multi-organ failure (MOF) score. Cyt-c concentrations increased earlier than MOF score during the exacerbation phase and rapidly decreased during the convalescence phase in a survivor, but the level continued to be high in a non-survivor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of serum cyt-c concentrations may be useful to assess the severity of organ dysfunction and to predict the prognosis of SIRS/MODS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D045304:Cytochromes c