title: Quantitation of mule duck in goose foie gras using TaqMan real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction.
abstract: A real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method has been developed for the quantitation of mule duck (Anas platyrhynchos x Cairina moschata) in binary duck/goose foie gras mixtures. The method combines the use of real-time PCR with duck-specific and endogenous control "duck + goose" primers to measure duck content and total foie gras content, respectively. Both PCR systems (duck-specific and duck + goose) were designed on the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA). The duck-specific system amplifies a 96 bp fragment from duck DNA, whereas the duck + goose system amplifies a 120 bp fragment from duck and goose DNA. The method measures PCR product accumulation through a FAM-labeled fluorogenic probe (TaqMan). The C(t) (threshold cycle) values obtained from the duck + goose system are used to normalize the ones obtained from the duck-specific system. Analysis of experimental duck/goose foie gras binary mixtures demonstrated the suitability of the assay for the detection and quantitation of duck in the range of 1-25%. This genetic marker can be very useful to avoid mislabeling or fraudulent species substitution of goose by duck in foie gras.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: Pablo E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martín
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004372:Ducks / Q000235:genetics*; D005777:Geese / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA