title: Molecular phenotyping of the mouse ky mutant reveals UCP1 upregulation at the neuromuscular junctions of dystrophic soleus muscle.
abstract: The ky mutant mouse displays a muscular dystrophy that affects almost exclusively slow type muscles in which persistent muscle regeneration, neuromuscular junction instability and an absence of the hypertrophic response are prominent features. In order to gain insights into the pathogenesis of this muscular dystrophy we have undertaken RNA profiling of the extensor digitorum longus, a fast unaffected muscle, and the highly pathological soleus slow muscle, followed by further expression studies to validate the results. In dystrophic soleus, there is a coordinated change in the expression level of genes encoding energy transducing mitochondrial proteins and an increase in the expression of stretch response genes. Upregulation of uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 is a unique molecular signature of the ky muscular dystrophy and was further characterised at the protein level. Our results show a spatial and temporal association between disorganisation of acetylcholine receptor clusters and upregulation of uncoupling protein 1. There is also evidence of a breakdown of neuromuscular junction muscle-specific kinase-dependent signalling in adult mutant soleus. Sarcolemma-associated proteins implicated in muscular dystrophies revealed no differences on microarrays and were confirmed as normally distributed by immunofluorescence. Altogether, the data presented suggest that the ky muscular dystrophy develops by a distinctive pathogenic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and UK Mouse Genome Centre, Harwell, Oxon OX11 ORD, UK. gonzalo@har.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Underhill
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breeds
authors.forename: K M F
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: Steve D M
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049030:Dystroglycans; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D016189:Dystrophin; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D016023:Integrins; D007473:Ion Channels; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; C008563:musk; D049030:Dystroglycans