title: Clearance of Helicobacter pylori infection through immunization: the site of T cell activation contributes to vaccine efficacy.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori vaccine development has progressed rapidly in animal models. Both H. pylori-associated pathogenesis and protective immunity are CD4+ T cell dependent, with no discernable phenotypic difference to distinguish pathogenic T cells from protective T cells. Functionally however, protective T cells promote enhanced inflammation upon H. pylori challenge. Additionally, only mouse models such as phagocyte oxidase- or IL-10-deficient mice that respond to H. pylori infection with intense gastritis are capable of demonstrating spontaneous eradication of the bacteria. These data, combined with recent descriptions of down-regulatory T cells in infected humans and mice, support an emerging model of H. pylori pathogenesis in which H. pylori induces inflammation that is limited by regulatory T cells in the stomach. Immunization therefore may succeed by activating T cells in peripheral lymph nodes that are capable of promoting qualitatively or quantitatively different inflammation when recruited to the stomach. Evidence in support of this model will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. tgb4@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines