title: A peptide that shares similarity with bacterial antigens reverses thrombogenic properties of antiphospholipid antibodies in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The factors causing production of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies remain unidentified. Recently, studies have shown that aPL and anti-beta2Glycoprotein I (anti-beta2GPI) antibodies with pathogenic properties can be generated with peptides from bacterial and viral origin, that mimic regions of beta2GPI. These data suggest a molecular mimicry between bacterial/viral antigens and self-proteins. In this study we examined the ability of a synthetic peptide (named peptide A, NTLKTPRVGGC) that shares similarity with common bacterial antigens, to reverse aPL-mediated thrombosis in mice in vivo. Peptide A is also found in region I/II of beta2GPI. A scrambled form of peptide A (named scA, GTKGCPNVRLT) was used as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sera from 29 patients with APS bound to peptide A but not to peptide scA by ELISA in a dose-dependent fashion. Cardiolipin (CL) liposomes inhibited the binding of IgG-APS by ELISA to peptide A by 35% and to CL by 56%. The inhibition of binding to cardiolipin and to peptide A was enhanced by addition of beta2GPI to the liposomes. CL/peptide A liposomes but not peptide A alone inhibited the binding of IgG-APS to peptide A. beta2GPI alone did not inhibit binding of IgG-APS to peptide A, to beta2GPI or to CL. For the in vivo experiments, CD1 mice in groups of 20 were injected with affinity purified aPL antibodies or with control IgG-NHS twice intraperitoneally. Seventy hours after the first injection, and 30 min before the surgical procedure (induction of experimental thrombus) mice were infused i.v. in each group with either peptide A or with peptide scA. The femoral vein of the anesthetized mice were dissected to examine the dynamics of an induced thrombus in treated and control mice. The mean aCL titer of mice injected with aPL was 60 GPL units. Mice treated with aPL and infused with peptide scA produced significantly larger thrombi when compared to mice treated with IgG-NHS and peptide scA (2466+/-462 microm2 vs 772.5+/-626.4 microm2). Treatment with peptide A significantly decreased thrombus size in mice injected with aPL antibodies (1063+/-890 microm2 compared to 2466+/-462 microm2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicates that a synthetic peptide that shares similarity with common bacterial antigens and with regions of beta2GPI is capable to inhibit thrombogenic properties of aPL in mice. This may have important implications in designing new modalities of prevention and/or treatment of thrombosis in APS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Rm 331 BSMB, Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA. pierans@msm.edu
authors.forename: Silvia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pierangeli
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Espinola
authors.forename: Mati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fridkin
authors.forename: Mariano Vega
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Ostertag
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roye-Green
authors.forename: E Nigel
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000276:immunology*; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000276:immunology*; D044967:Serum / Q000276:immunology; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D002308:Cardiolipins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010743:Phospholipids; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I