title: Sleep deprivation increases the activation of nuclear factor kappa B in lateral hypothalamic cells.
abstract: Sleep deprivation increases sleep propensity in rats and mice as well as the production of several sleep-regulatory substances. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a transcription factor implicated in the activation of many of these sleep-promoting substances. A unique population of neurons immunoreactive for the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B was previously localized within the caudal dorsolateral hypothalamus of rats. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of sleep deprivation on NF-kappa Bp65-immunoreactivity (IR) in cells of this region in rats as well as its nuclear translocation in a kappa B-lacZ transgenic mouse line. In rats after 6 h of sleep deprivation beginning at light onset, the number of neurons with NF-kappa Bp65-IR increased significantly in the caudal lateral hypothalamus, specifically the magnocellular lateral hypothalamus adjacent to the subthalamus. Sleep deprivation also significantly increased the number of cells expressing NF-kappa B-dependent beta-galactosidase in the magnocellular lateral hypothalamus, zona incerta dorsal, as well as the adjacent subthalamus in the transgenic mice. These results suggest that NF-kappa B expressing cells within the lateral hypothalamus may be important in the maintenance of the sleep-wake cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646520, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Churchill
authors.forename: Abdur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Georgeann
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mémet
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Israël
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D007026:Hypothalamic Area, Lateral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D001616:beta-Galactosidase