Work of female rural doctors.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the impact of family life on the ways women practice rural medicine and the changes needed to attract women to rural practice.


METHODS
Census of women rural doctors in Victoria in 2000, using a self-completed postal survey.


METHODS
General and specialist practice.


METHODS
Two hundred and seventy-one female general practitioners and 31 female specialists practising in Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area Classifications 3-7. General practitioners are those doctors with a primary medical degree and without additional specialist qualifications.


METHODS
Interaction of hours and type of work with family responsibilities.


RESULTS
Generalist and specialist women rural doctors carry the main responsibility for family care. This is reflected in the number of hours they work in clinical and non-clinical professional practice, availability for on-call and hospital work, and preference for the responsibilities of practice partnership or the flexibility of salaried positions. Most of the doctors had established a satisfactory balance between work and family responsibilities, although a substantial number were overworked in order to provide an income for their families or meet the needs of their communities. Thirty-six percent of female rural general practitioners and 56% of female rural specialists preferred to work fewer hours. Female general practitioners with responsibility for children were more than twice as likely as female general practitioners without children to be in a salaried position and less likely to be a practice partner. The changes needed to attract and retain women in rural practice include a place for everyone in the doctor's family, flexible practice structures, mentoring by women doctors and financial and personal recognition.


CONCLUSIONS
Women make up less than a quarter of the rural general practice workforce and an even smaller percentage of the specialist rural medical workforce. As a result their experiences are not well articulated in research on rural medical practice and their needs are not well represented in policies and programs for rural doctors. The incoming cohort of rural general practitioners has a majority of women and it is essential that the practice styles and needs of women doctors are understood in order to attract and retain women in rural medicine. This survey identifies some of the effects of family responsibilities on the work practices of female rural doctors and the changes needed to the structure of rural practice to include the way women work.
Wainer
Jo
J
Monash University School of Rural Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. jo.wainer@med.monash.edu.au
D000328:Adult; D019352:Censuses; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006280:Health Workforce; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008019:Life Style; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010819:Physician's Role; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D011365:Professional Practice Location / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013038:Specialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014739:Victoria; D016526:Workload