Par proteins: partners in polarization.
Proteins can be localized either by inclusion or exclusion, and the Par polarity proteins illustrate both mechanisms. Cdc42 recruits Par-6 to a limited region of the plasma membrane. Par-6 recruits Par-3, which is actively removed from other regions by Par-1 and Par-5. Inclusion and exclusion together ensure efficient segregation of the polarity proteins.
Macara
Ian G
IG
Department of Microbiology, Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000818:Animals; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C106207:par-5 protein, C elegans; C512642:par-6 protein, C elegans; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; C097238:PAR-3 protein, C elegans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C115015:PKC-3 protein; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein