title: Dominant influence of gamma-globin promoter polymorphisms on fetal haemoglobin expression in sickle cell disease.
abstract: Polymorphisms of multiple cis-acting elements in the beta-globin locus are associated with variable fetal haemoglobin (HbF) level in sickle cell disease. We developed a multiplex assay permitting simultaneous analysis of three polymorphic cis elements spanning 53 kb of the beta-globin locus. We identified concordance between polymorphic alleles in gamma- and beta-globin promoters however a significant number of betaS-chromosomes were identified with polymorphisms in hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) of the beta-globin locus control region juxtaposed to atypical cis alleles in the gamma-promoter. Analysis of an unusually large number of such hybrid haplotype chromosomes provided unique insight into HbF level associated with specific cis alleles. Associations between cis alleles and HbF level in patients were verified by in vitro functional analysis. Our findings indicate that compared to HS2, polymorphism in the gamma-promoter exerts a dominant influence on HbF level in sickle cell disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Centre for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA. soforiac@usouthal.edu
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ofori-Acquah
authors.forename: M R A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lalloz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serjeant
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Layton
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D001208:Asia; D001541:Benin; D002488:Central African Republic; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012675:Senegal; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005914:Globins; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin