title: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood associated with influenza type B virus infection in a 3-year-old girl.
abstract: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood represents a novel entity of acute encephalophathy, predominantly affecting infants and young children living in Taiwan and Japan. It manifests with symptoms of coma, convulsions, and hyperpyrexia after 2 to 4 days of respiratory tract infections in previously healthy children. The hallmark of acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood consists of multifocal and symmetric brain lesions affecting the bilateral thalami, brainstem tegmentum, cerebral periventricular white matter, or cerebellar medulla. The etiology and pathogenesis of this kind of acute encephalopathy remain unknown, and there is no specific therapy or prevention. The prognosis is usually poor, and less than 10% of patients recover completely. We report a 3-year-old previously healthy girl presenting with acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood associated with influenza type B virus infection, which resulted in severe neurologic sequelae. We also review the current knowledge of the clinical, neuroimaging, and pathologic aspects of acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shih-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chu-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pao-Chin
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Ming-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ping-Hong
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Kai-Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D009981:Influenza B virus; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004684:Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013786:Thalamic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed