title: Normality of bladder filling studied in symptom-free middle-aged women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data from cystometry and frequency volume charts were evaluated prospectively in symptom-free, middle-aged female volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 women of the 60 who volunteered could be included with no history, symptoms or signs of urological/neurological disease. They had a mean age +/-SD of 49 +/- 6 years. They completed frequency volume charts during 3 consecutive days and underwent cystometry, including filling sensation evaluation as well as determination of electrosensation thresholds performed using standard techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four more women had to be excluded because of clearly pathological findings on sensory evaluation. Large bladder capacity and high compliance were seen in the normal group. Data on filling sensation and the electrical sensation threshold were in the normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To compose a study group of normal volunteers of middle age requires strict inclusion and exclusion. Even then some volunteers must be excluded if pathological examination results are found. Middle-aged women have bladders with large capacity and high compliance, which can be the consequence of retaining urine during daily activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wachter
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wyndaele
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014563:Urodynamics