Evolutionary history and diversity of arthropod hemocyanins.
Hemocyanins are copper-containing, multi-subunit proteins that transport oxygen in the hemolymph of many molluscs and arthropods [Markl and Decher, Adv. Comp. Environ. Physiol. 13 (1992) 325; 15563]. Arthropod hemocyanins originated more than 550 million years ago from oxygen-consuming phenoloxidases. Hemocyanins are present in various Onychophora, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda, but subunit evolution differs striking in these arthropod subphyla. Hemocyanins also gave rise to non-respiratory proteins (crustacean pseudo-hemocyanins, insect hexamerins, and hexamerin receptors), which most likely have storage functions.
Burmester
Thorsten
T
Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Mainz D-55099, Germany. burmeste@uni-mainz.de
D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000737:chemistry*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000737:chemistry*
D006433:Hemocyanins