title: Anxiety symptoms in Japanese and in German children.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of anxiety symptoms and their association with gender and age in Japanese and German children using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). A total of 1837 children (862 from Germany and 975 from Japan) between the age of 8 and 12 years were investigated. Results revealed that German children reported significantly higher symptoms of separation anxiety, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder than Japanese children. Conversely, Japanese children reported significantly higher scores on symptoms related to physical injury fear. In both countries, girls scored higher than boys on all the scales of the SCAS. Symptoms of separation anxiety and panic decreased with age, whereas social phobia increased with age. The findings underscore the impact of culture on children's anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Psychologisches Institut I, Fliednerstrasse 21, 48149 Münster, Germany. essau@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Essau
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000208:ethnology*; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales