title: Potent, long lasting systemic antibody levels and mixed Th1/Th2 immune response after nasal immunization with malaria antigen loaded PLGA microparticles.
abstract: The immunogenicity of the synthetic malaria vaccine SPf66 has been recently improved by the application of new adjuvants as QS-21 saponin or poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) polymers. The search for less invasive administration routes made us test the immunogenicity of SPf66-loaded microparticles by the nasal route in Balb/c mice. We report here that the intranasal administration of the adequate PLGA vaccine formulations greatly improves and maintains higher antibody levels compared to the conventional alum adjuvant and to the administration of the particles by other routes (subcutaneous, oral). Systemic immune responses were characterized as mixed Th1/Th2-type: IFN-gamma and IgG2a isotype were found as signs of Th1 activation, whilst IgE and IgG1 secretions indicate Th2 response. Since both types of response have been associated to protective immunity in malaria, we postulate that this new approach supposes an advantage over the traditional adjuvants and routes.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carcaboso
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igartua
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Patarroyo
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pedraz
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma