title: A descriptive analysis of EUS-FNA for mediastinal lymphadenopathy: an emphasis on clinical impact and false negative results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been shown to accurately diagnose mediastinal lymph node pathology. We investigated the clinical impact of EUS-FNA in the management of patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and determined the nature and clinical consequences of false negative results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a cohort of patients who were found to have mediastinal lymph nodes by EUS and underwent FNA. The diagnostic standard included FNA cytology, histopathology, and clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty EUS-FNAs of mediastinal lymph nodes were performed on 59 patients (mean age 61 years old, 74.5% men) over a 24-month period. Prior to EUS, 20 (34%) patients had known malignancy. The most frequent indication for EUS was failed diagnosis by bronchoscopy (54%). EUS-FNA of lymph nodes showed malignant cells in 38%. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA was 84%. Among the 47 patients who were available for follow-up, EUS-FNA provided new information by changing the clinical diagnosis, and subsequently changed the management in 18 (38%) patients. The false negative rate was 20% (95% exact CI, 8.4-31.6%). Two of the 7 false negative cases received empiric chemoradiation without tissue diagnosis, and 4 received palliative treatment for advanced malignancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common indication for EUS-FNA of the mediastinum in our institution is nondiagnostic transbronchial FNA. EUS-FNA is a valuable diagnostic method for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes and affecting management. False negative results do not appear to delay appropriate treatment or adversely affect clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Lyndon V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Suku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Manoop S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bhutani
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged