title: Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of stroke in patients with recently symptomatic stenosis. Benefit depends on the degree of stenosis, and we aimed to see whether it might also depend on other clinical and angiographic characteristics, and on the timing of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed pooled data from the European Carotid Surgery Trial and North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. The risk of ipsilateral ischaemic stroke for patients on medical treatment, the perioperative risk of stroke and death, and the overall benefit from surgery were determined in relation to seven predefined and seven post hoc subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5893 patients with 33000 patient-years of follow-up were analysed. Sex (p=0.003), age (p=0.03), and time from the last symptomatic event to randomisation (p=0.009) modified the effectiveness of surgery. Benefit from surgery was greatest in men, patients aged 75 years or older, and those randomised within 2 weeks after their last ischaemic event, and fell rapidly with increasing delay. For patients with 50% or higher stenosis, the number of patients needed to undergo surgery (ie, number needed to treat) to prevent one ipsilateral stroke in 5 years was nine for men versus 36 for women, five for age 75 years or older versus 18 for younger than 65 years, and five for those randomised within 2 weeks after their last ischaemic event, versus 125 for patients randomised after more than 12 weeks. These results were consistent across the individual trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benefit from endarterectomy depends not only on the degree of carotid stenosis, but also on several other clinical characteristics such as delay to surgery after the presenting event. Ideally, the procedure should be done within 2 weeks of the patient's last symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University Department of Clinical Neurology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK. peter.rothwell@clneuro.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eliasziw
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gutnikov
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Warlow
authors.forename: H J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Barnett
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004691:Endarterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors