title: Maternal--neonatal serum selenium and copper levels in Greeks and Albanians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) concentrations in Greek and Albanian immigrant mothers and in the cord blood of their newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1118 Greek and 820 Albanian mothers and from the cord blood of their neonates blood was obtained for Se and Cu measurement. Se and Cu concentrations were determined in sera with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAAS) and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. In all, 30 days' nutrient intakes were evaluated in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animal protein, Se and Cu intakes were poor in the Albanians vs the Greeks (P < 0.001). Se concentrations in the Greek mothers (68.3 +/- 8.5 microg/l) and in their newborns (37.02 +/- 8.9 microg/l) were found higher as compared with those in Albanian mothers (37.4 +/- 9.9 microg/l) and in their newborns (34.3 +/- 9.1 microg/l) (P < 0.001). Cu levels were also found higher (P < 0.001) in the Greek mothers (1687 +/- 353 microg/l) and in their neonates (449 +/- 87 microg/l) compared with those in the Albanian mothers (959 +/- 318 microg/l) and in their newborns (229 +/- 67 microg/l). Additionally, 31.5% of neonates born to Albanian women with Se concentrations less than 28 microg/l had higher Se levels (P < 0.01) than their mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low Se and Cu levels evaluated in the Albanian mothers and their newborns could be related to their poor animal protein intake which could be the consequence of their low socioeconomic status. As an effective preventive measure, accurate dietetic strategies to assess the requirements of pregnant immigrant women for trace elements may be planned in Greece.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schulpis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karakonstantakis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gavrili
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chronopoulou
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Karikas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlachos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papassotiriou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000415:Albania / Q000208:ethnology; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008460:Meat; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D003300:Copper; D012643:Selenium