title: Regulating transgenic crops: a comparative analysis of different regulatory processes.
abstract: Transgenic crops have the potential to benefit both developed and developing countries. To ensure safe crops to humans and the environment, a strong, but not stifling, regulatory system needs to be established and properly implemented. This paper explores some essential components of a strong regulatory structure for transgenic crops. First, five different regulatory systems for transgenic crops--the United States, the European Union, South Africa, Taiwan, and Argentina--are described and explained. The major components of those systems are then compared to components necessary to a regulatory system that ensures safe products and engenders public trust. The key components discussed include: (1) mandatory pre-market approval; (2) established safety standards; (3) transparency; (4) public participation; (5) use of outside scientists for expert scientific advice; (6) independent agency decisions; (7) post-approval activities; and (8) enforcement authority and resources. Although no one of the existing systems analyzed adequately achieves all the necessary components of a strong regulatory system, those systems serve as models for deciding which regulatory procedures should be emulated and which should be avoided. A mandatory pre-market approval system that applies established safety standards in procedures that are transparent and allows for public participation with no pre-conceived notions or biases will best achieve both safe products and consumer trust.
authors.affiliation: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 1875 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20009, USA. gjaffe@cspinet.org
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jaffe
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D005062:European Union; D007881:Legislation, Food / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D013019:South Africa; D013624:Taiwan; D014481:United States