title: Rapid change of glucose concentration promotes mesangial cell proliferation via VEGF: inhibitory effects of thiazolidinedione.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication in diabetes mellitus (DM). Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is thought to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy, however, the mechanism has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that VEGF participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and that TZD may be beneficial for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy through its effect on VEGF. Increased VEGF expression was demonstrated in the glomeruli of DM rats and rat mesangial cells (RMC) incubated with high medium glucose. It was also demonstrated that VEGF promoted mesangial cell proliferation, which was inhibited by TZD. It was shown that a rapid fall and rise of ambient glucose concentration induces more VEGF production and cell proliferation in RMC than in cells with continuously high glucose medium, which was also inhibited by TZD. Prostaglandin J2 and protein C kinase inhibitors significantly inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in RMC incubated with VEGF, which was inhibited by TZD. These findings indicate that a rapid change of glucose concentration promotes RMC proliferation by the increased production of VEGF. TZD has an inhibitory action through, at least in part, PPAR-gamma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onozaki
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Midorikawa
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020334:Rats, Inbred OLETF; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013936:Thymidine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010617:Phenanthridines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C037112:9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2; C016299:chelerythrine; D005947:Glucose; D015230:Prostaglandin D2; D013936:Thymidine; D000077205:Pioglitazone