title: Molecular analysis of adenovirus isolates from vaccinated and unvaccinated young adults.
abstract: Infections of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) and Ad7 were discovered among previously vaccinated individuals through febrile respiratory illness surveillance at military recruit camps. Genetic analysis was performed on these isolates and a sample of adenovirus isolates from unvaccinated patients. Antigenic regions of the adenovirus hexon gene from 21 vaccinated and 31 unvaccinated patients were sequenced and compared to homologous regions of Ad4 and Ad7 vaccine strains and of other representative hexon sequences archived in GenBank. The phylogenetic distribution of sequences from vaccinated individuals closely resembled those from unvaccinated individuals. The most common Ad7 strain was the Ad7d2 hexon genotype, and the most common Ad4 strain was a genotype nearly identical to the recently discovered Z-G 95-873 Ad4 variant. Near exclusive isolation of Ad4 since 1999 indicates that the Ad4 variant is currently responsible for the vast majority of adenovirus morbidity in military recruit camps. Different ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rates in known antigenic regions compared to nonantigenic regions indicated positive selection for diversity in the antigenic regions and purifying selection in the nonantigenic regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California 92186-5122, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Blasiole
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metzgar
authors.forename: Luke T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Daum
authors.forename: Margaret A K
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Nikki E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014611:Vaccination; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C018315:hexon capsid protein, Adenovirus