title: Dietary exposure to cadmium at close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake does not affect renal function among female Japanese farmers.
abstract: Dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure and renal tubular function were investigated in 1381 female farmers from five districts in Japan (Japanese Multi-centered Environmental Toxicant Study project; JMETS). Dietary Cd exposure of the five populations was assessed from the individual Cd concentrations of the rice consumed by the study participants and the quantities of rice consumed daily. The populations showed a sequential difference in dietary Cd exposure, ranging from a level as low as that of the general Japanese population to one close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The levels of urinary Cd excretion, an indicator of Cd accumulation in the kidneys, increased along the same sequential pattern as dietary Cd exposure. However, no differences were observed among the populations in levels of urinary alpha 1-microglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin excretion, which are indicators of renal tubular function. These results indicate that the current PTWI is sufficient to prevent Cd-induced renal dysfunction among the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Division of Environmental Immunology and Toxicology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hyogo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Munehito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000383:Agriculture; D001822:Body Burden; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D003401:Creatine / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005916:Globulins / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D005916:Globulins; D002104:Cadmium; D003401:Creatine