title: Fatigability of the external anal sphincter in anal incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anal incontinence commonly results from external anal sphincter dysfunction. The muscle is routinely assessed by anorectal physiology studies. Fatigability is not routinely measured but should be an important factor in the maintenance of continence. The fatigue rate index has been developed to address this. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatigability of the external anal sphincter in incontinent patients compared with that in controls and to determine its correlation with symptom severity and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency measurement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with anal incontinence (33 female, 9 male) and 20 control patients (17 female, 3 male) were studied. As part of anorectal physiology studies, manometry was measured by a station pull-through technique with a closed-system microballoon. After a rest period of one minute, fatigue was measured over a 20-second squeeze at 1.5 cm in the anal canal with two consecutive readings separated by a further one-minute rest period. The fatigue rate index was calculated from the maximum squeeze pressure and fatigue rate. A validated symptom severity scoring system was used to assess symptomatology in patients with anal incontinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was detected in demographic factors between the two groups. The fatigue rate index was significantly different between the control and incontinent groups (1.85 vs. 0.67 minutes, P = 0.001). No other factors were significantly different between the two groups (maximum squeeze pressure, 89.1 vs. 79 cm H(2)O, P = 0.42; fatigue rate, -85.8 vs. -101.2 cm H(2)O/min, P = 0.62). The fatigue rate index demonstrated a significant correlation with symptom score ( r = -0.44, P = 0.005). The fatigue rate index did not correlate with latency measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant difference was detected in the fatigue rate index between incontinent and control patients. The Fatigue Rate Index demonstrated a significant correlation with symptom severity score and it may be a useful discriminating measure of external anal sphincter function.
authors.affiliation: South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: A S M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lymer
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hosker
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kiff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019160:Endosonography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index