title: Capability of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to reduce infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in goat feces in the southeastern United States: dose titration and dose time interval studies.
abstract: Infection with gastrointestinal nematodes, particularly Haemonchus contortus, is a major constraint to goat production in the southeastern United States. Non-anthelmintic control alternatives are needed due to increasing resistance of these nematodes to available anthelmintics. Two studies were completed in Central Georgia in August 1999, and April-May 2000, using Spanish does naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus, Trichostongylus colubriformis, and Cooperia spp. to evaluate effectiveness of nematode-trapping fungi as a biological control agent. In the first experiment, five levels of Duddingtonia flagrans spores were mixed with a complete diet and fed once daily to the does (three per treatment) in metabolism crates. The treatment concentrations were (1) 5 x 10(5), (2) 2.5 x 10(5), (3) 10(5), and (4) 5 x 10(4) spores per kilogram body weight (BW), and (5) no spores. Fungal spores were fed for the first 7 days of the 14-day trial, and fecal samples were collected daily from individual animals for analysis of fecal egg count and establishment of fecal cultures. Efficacy of the fungus at reducing development of infective larvae (L3) in the fecal cultures was evaluated. The mean reduction in L3 from day 2 of the treatment period until the day after treatment stopped (days 2-8) was 93.6, 80.2, 84.1, and 60.8% for animals given the highest to lowest spore doses, respectively. Within 3-6 days after termination of fungal spore feedings, reduction in L3 development was no longer apparent in any of the treated animals. In a second experiment, effectiveness of 2.5 x 10(5) spores of D. flagrans per kilogram BW fed to does every day, every second day, and every third day was evaluated. Reduction in L3 development by daily feeding was less in the second experiment than in the first experiment. Daily fungal spore feeding provided more consistent larval reduction than intermittant feeding (every second or third day). When fed daily under controlled conditions, D. flagrans was effective in significantly reducing development of L3 and appears to be an effective tool for biocontrol of parasitic nematodes in goats.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Fort Valley State University, GA 31030, USA. terrillt@fvsu.edu
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Terrill
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Samples
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Husted
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gelaye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005845:Georgia; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D006041:Goats; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000254:growth & development*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development