title: Halometabolites and cellular dehalogenase systems: an evolutionary perspective.
abstract: We review the role of iodothyronine deiodinases (IDs) in the evolution of vertebrate thyroidal systems within the larger context of biological metabolism of halogens. Since the beginning of life, the ubiquity of organohalogens in the biosphere has provided a major selective pressure for the evolution and conservation of cellular mechanisms specialized in halogen metabolism. Among naturally available halogens, iodine emerged as a critical component of unique developmental and metabolic messengers. Metabolism of iodinated compounds occurs in the three major domains of life, and invertebrate deuterostomes possess several biochemical traits and molecular homologs of vertebrate thyroidal systems, including ancestral homologs of IDs identified in urochordates. The finely tuned cellular regulation of iodometabolite uptake and disposal is a remarkable event in evolution and might have been decisive for the explosive diversification of ontogenetic strategies in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurobiologia, Campus UNAM-UAQ Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230 Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Aurea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orozco
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jeziorski
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villalobos
authors.forename: J Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Solís
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase