title: Bradykinin-induced relaxation of coronary microarteries: S-nitrosothiols as EDHF?
abstract: 1. To investigate whether S-nitrosothiols, in addition to NO, mediate bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation, porcine coronary microarteries (PCMAs) were mounted in myographs. 2. Following preconstriction, concentration-response curves (CRCs) were constructed to bradykinin, the NO donors S-nitroso-N-penicillamine (SNAP) and diethylamine NONOate (DEA-NONOate) and the S-nitrosothiols L-S-nitrosocysteine (L-SNC) and D-SNC. All agonists relaxed PCMAs. L-SNC was approximately 5-fold more potent than D-SNC. 3. The guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ and the NO scavenger hydroxocobalamin induced a larger shift of the bradykinin CRC than the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, although all three inhibitors equally suppressed bradykinin-induced cGMP responses. 4. Complete blockade of bradykinin-induced relaxation was obtained with L-NAME in the presence of the large- and intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channel (BK(Ca), IK(Ca)) blocker charybdotoxin and the small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channel (SK(Ca)) channel blocker apamin, but not in the presence of L-NAME, apamin and the BK(Ca) channel blocker iberiotoxin. 5. Inhibitors of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, voltage-dependent K(+) channels and ATP-sensitive K(+) channels did not affect bradykinin-induced relaxation. 6. SNAP-, DEA-NONOate- and D-SNC-induced relaxations were mediated entirely by the NO-guanylyl cyclase pathway. L-SNC-induced relaxations were partially blocked by charybdotoxin+apamin, but not by iberiotoxin+apamin, and this blockade was abolished following endothelium removal. ODQ, but not hydroxocobalamin, prevented L-SNC-induced increases in cGMP, and both drugs shifted the L-SNC CRC 5-10-fold to the right. 7. L-SNC hyperpolarized intact and endothelium-denuded coronary arteries. 8. Our results support the concept that bradykinin-induced relaxation is mediated via de novo synthesized NO and a non-NO, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). S-nitrosothiols, via stereoselective activation of endothelial IK(Ca) and SK(Ca) channels, and through direct effects on smooth muscle cells, may function as an EDHF in porcine coronary microarteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wendy W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Batenburg
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popp
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Ingrid M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Garrelds
authors.forename: Pramod R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: A H Jan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Danser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D001920:Bradykinin