title: Superior pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical features and topographic findings of superior pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 15 eyes of eight patients of superior PMCD. Detailed history, visual acuity at presentation, degree of astigmatism, slit-lamp examination findings, topographic features, and Orbscan findings were noted where available. Improvement in visual acuity with spectacles or contact lens correction, surgical procedure if any, and final visual acuity were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, six patients were males and two were females. All cases except one were bilateral. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 48 years. All cases had isolated superior PMCD. One patient was a diagnosed case of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The visual acuity at presentation ranged from hand motions to 20/25. The degree of thinning varied from 30 to 90%. The extent of thinning was commonly seen between the 10 and 2 o'clock positions. Ectasia was seen below the site of thinning in all the cases of superior PMCD. Topographic features including vertical corridor of reduced power, against-the-rule astigmatism and superior loop cylinder were seen in 10 eyes. Orbscan was carried out in two eyes of one patient and revealed an area of increased elevation in relation to the best-fit sphere superiorly corresponding to the area of ectasia in both the eyes. The visual acuity improved with rigid gas-permeable contact lens in six eyes and the final visual acuity ranged from 20/400 to 20/30. Two eyes were subjected to surgical intervention (peripheral annular graft=1 and lamellar graft=1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMCD can occur superiorly. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of superior ectatic disorders. The topographic findings, of reduced power in the vertical meridian and superior loop cylinder, are typical of superior pellucid marginal degeneration. Visual rehabilitation is usually possible with contact lenses, with surgical management required in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Cornea Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. mss@lvpeye.stph.net
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahesh
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000209:etiology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019781:Corneal Topography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity