title: Usefulness of epidural anesthesia in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery for infertility in comparison to general anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the advantages of epidural anesthesia in open surgery have been established, its usefulness in the setting of laparoscopic surgery remains to be studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for infertility were randomly administered epidural anesthesia (group A, n = 11) or general anesthesia (group B, n = 9). The operation was performed under 4 mmHg pneumoperitoneum and in the 20 degrees Trendelenburg position. Respiratory function tests using a spirometer and blood gas analysis were performed during the intra- or perioperative period. Pain status was evaluated with visual analog scale scoring. The number of postoperative recovery days needed to resume daily activities was obtained by a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respiratory rate, minute volume, P(a)CO2, % vital capacity (VC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % were virtually constant throughout the study period in group A, whereas %VC was decreased immediately after operation in group B (p < 0.05). Minute volume immediately after operation was significantly increased in group B compared with group A (p < 0.01), suggesting shallow respiration in women undergoing general anesthesia. Observed pain scores on abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and dyspnea were very low during operation in group A. Pain scores immediately and 3 h after operation were also minimal in group A, whereas abdominal pain scores at these points were significantly higher in group B than those in group A (both p < 0.01). The number of days required for a half reduction in wound pain, trotting, and full recuperation for group A were less than those for group B (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural anesthesia, when used in laparoscopic surgery for infertility treatment, has advantages over general anesthesia in terms of analgesic effects, postoperative respiratory function, and a return to preoperative daily activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, T-3-1, Kongo, 113-8655, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuramochi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osuga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momoeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests