title: Antipsychotics and diabetes: review of non-prospective data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much of the existing data regarding the relationship between antipsychotic medications and diabetes mellitus are non-prospective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review critically non-prospective studies examining antipsychotic medications as risk factors for diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Database and manual searches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anecdotal reports indicate that conventional and atypical antipsychotics can cause diabetes mellitus. However, retrospective studies cannot reliably quantify this association, as they do not adequately control for confounding risk factors for diabetes, or for variation in detection and diagnosis of this illness. Most studies report a higher rate of diabetes in patients who use antipsychotic medication than in non-users, and in patients taking atypical v. conventional antipsychotics. Studies assessing the relative risks of diabetes between individual atypical antipsychotics are contradictory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective data are of limited value. Well-designed prospective studies, which account for potential confounders, are needed to investigate the true association between antipsychotic medications and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Cromwell House, Bolton, Salford and Trafford Mental Health NHS Trust, Cromwell Road, Eccles, Salford M30 0GT, UK.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents