title: Biological treatment of textile dye acid violet-17 by bacterial consortium in an up-flow immobilized cell bioreactor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a cost effective and efficient biological treatment process for small scale textile processing industries (TPI) releasing untreated effluents containing intense coloured Acid violet-17 (AV-17), a triphenyl methane (TPM) group textile dye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The samples collected from effluent disposal sites of TPI were used for selective enrichment of microbial populations capable of degrading/decolourizing AV-17. A consortium of five bacterial isolates was used to develop an up-flow immobilized cell bioreactor for treatment of feed containing AV-17. The bioreactor, operating at a flow rate of 6 ml x h(-1), resulted in 91% decolourization of 30 mg AV-17/l with 94.3 and 95.7% removal of biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of the feed. Comparison of the input and output of the bioreactor by UV-visible, thin layer chromatography and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates conversion of the parent dye into unrelated metabolic intermediates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results will form a basis for developing 'on-site' treatment system for TPI effluents to achieve decolourization and degradation of residual dyes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chimni
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chadha
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D019149:Bioreactors; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013783:Textile Industry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C031693:violet BNP