Phospholipid synthesis in yeast: regulation by phosphorylation.
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model eukaryotic organism for the study of the regulation of phospholipid synthesis. The major phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine) are synthesized by complementary (CDP-diacylglycerol and Kennedy) pathways. The regulation of these pathways is complex and is controlled by genetic and biochemical mechanisms. Inositol plays a major role in the regulation of phospholipid synthesis. Inositol-mediated regulation involves the expression of genes and the modulation of enzyme activities. Phosphorylation is a major mechanism by which enzymes and transcription factors are regulated, and indeed, key phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes have been identified as targets of phosphorylation. Protein kinase A phosphorylates CTP synthetase, choline kinase, Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase, phosphatidylserine synthase, and the transcription factor Opi1p. CTP synthetase and Opi1p are also phosphorylated by protein kinase C. The phosphorylation of these proteins plays a role in regulating their activities and (or) function in phospholipid synthesis.
Carman
George M
GM
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. carman@arsop.rutgers.edu
Kersting
Michael C
MC
D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D007294:Inositol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
C096105:OPI1 protein, S cerevisiae; D010743:Phospholipids; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D007294:Inositol; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; C019951:CTP synthetase