title: A 63bp deletion in the promoter of rage correlates with a decreased risk for nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Several polymorphisms have been identified in the RAGE-promoter region that might modulate the outcome of disease. Here we analyse the association of a 63bp deletion (delta63) spanning from bp - 407 to bp - 345 with diabetic nephropathy. The deletion was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a cross-sectional study with 1087 patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 559) and type 2 diabetes (n = 528). 475 patients with osteoporosis served as disease independent control. The prevalence of the heterozygous genotype did not significantly differ between the three groups (type 1: 2.15 %, type 2: 2.27 %, controls: 1.47 %), indicating that heterozygous delta63 is not related to the manifestation of diabetes. Homozygous carriers were not identified in this study. The heterozygous delta63 genotype, was associated with a reduced prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.06; 95 % CI: [0.05, 0.07]), but not in patients with type 1 (OR = 1.49; 95 % CI: [1.14, 1.94]). We conclude, that patients with type 2 diabetes and the 63bp deletion in the promoter of RAGE seem to be protected from diabetic nephropathy. The observed difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes might point to diverse pathomechanisms of nephropathy in both types of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Otto-Meyerhof-Zentrum and Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudofsky
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isermann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiekofer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrassy
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morcos
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Humpert
authors.forename: A A R
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Renn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfohl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nosikov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schleicher
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudofsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bierhaus
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D015995:Prevalence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values; D012306:Risk; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products