title: Validation of fractional moving blood volume measurement with power Doppler ultrasound in an experimental sheep model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) estimation using power Doppler ultrasound (PDU) with blood flow estimation using radioactive microspheres (RMS) for evaluation of fetal organ blood perfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood flow was measured in the adrenal gland of nine exteriorized fetal lambs. Five fetal lambs underwent total umbilical cord occlusion in order to induce changes in the adrenal blood flow (asphyxia group). Four lambs were used as sham controls (control group). Three RMS injections, with coincident PDU recordings of the adrenal gland, were performed in each lamb. In the asphyxia group, measurements were taken before the cord occlusion, 5 min later and when the mean blood pressure decreased below 25 mmHg. In the control group, the measurements were done with an interval of 5 min. FMBV normalized for attenuation of PDU signals, and mean pixel intensity (MPI) were estimated offline. After completion of the study, adrenal blood perfusion was calculated according to the reference sample microsphere technique, using the isotope activity and expressed in mL/min/100 g. The correlation between RMS and FMBV and MPI, respectively, was analyzed individually for each lamb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the asphyxia group, all lambs showed a marked reduction in the adrenal blood perfusion towards the third RMS injection. In the control group, the adrenal perfusion showed small variations throughout the experiment. In the total material, there was a higher correlation between FMBV and RMS (median, r = 0.90; range, 0.43-0.99) than between MPI and RMS (median, r = 0.55; range, -0.53 to 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FMBV method of quantifying PDU signals correlates highly with blood flow perfusion estimation using RMS in the fetal lamb adrenal gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden. Edgar.Hernandez-Andrade@gyn.lu.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Andrade
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lingman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marsál
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*