title: Effectiveness of a circulating-water warming garment in rewarming after pediatric cardiac surgery using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the ALLON 2001 microprocessor-based thermoregulation system in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass compared with the routine thermal care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single tertiary academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants (0-1 year) who underwent congenital heart surgery requiring hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 18). Patients with open wounds and/or patients treated with an investigational drug or device within 30 days of surgery were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized use of thermoregulation system (warming garment, n = 9) or routine thermal care (control, n = 9) after separating from cardiopulmonary bypass until the arrival to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic data, cardiopulmonary bypass time, operating room time, incidence of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and cooling temperature between the groups. The nasopharyngeal temperature was significantly higher in the warming garment group after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. Nasopharyngeal temperature at 20 minutes was 36.5 degrees C versus 35.01 degrees C (p = 0.0047), at 40 minutes was 36.98 degrees C versus 35.30 degrees C (p = 0.034), and at admission to the PICU was 36.09 degrees C versus 35.31 degrees C (p = not significant). There was no difference in the core-to-peripheral temperature gradient (nasopharyngeal-to-skin temperature) between the 2 study groups at any time point. No adverse events related to the use of the warming garment thermoregulation system were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigated thermoregulation system was effective in preventing the after-drop of temperature that occurs after cardiopulmonary bypass in small infants compared with routine warming methods.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. mottap@ccf.org
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mossad
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toscana
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Insler
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003020:Clothing; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007223:Infant; D008838:Microcomputers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017694:Rewarming / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome