Exposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to acetaldehyde induces sulfur amino acid metabolism and polyamine transporter genes, which depend on Met4p and Haa1p transcription factors, respectively.
Acetaldehyde is a toxic compound produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells under several growth conditions. The adverse effects of this molecule are important, as significant amounts accumulate inside the cells. By means of global gene expression analyses, we have detected the effects of acetaldehyde addition in the expression of about 400 genes. Repressed genes include many genes involved in cell cycle control, cell polarity, and the mitochondrial protein biosynthesis machinery. Increased expression is displayed in many stress response genes, as well as other families of genes, such as those encoding vitamin B1 biosynthesis machinery and proteins for aryl alcohol metabolism. The induction of genes involved in sulfur metabolism is dependent on Met4p and other well-known factors involved in the transcription of MET genes under nonrepressing conditions of sulfur metabolism. Moreover, the deletion of MET4 leads to increased acetaldehyde sensitivity. TPO genes encoding polyamine transporters are also induced by acetaldehyde; in this case, the regulation is dependent on the Haa1p transcription factor. In this paper, we discuss the connections between acetaldehyde and the processes affected by this compound in yeast cells with reference to the microarray data.
Aranda
Agustín
A
Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, València, Spain. Agustin.Aranda@uv.es
del Olmo
Marcel-lí
ML
D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*; D017920:Antiporters; D001483:Base Sequence; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur; D017920:Antiporters; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C439059:Haa1 protein, S cerevisiae; C073675:MET4 protein, S cerevisiae; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C106764:Met31 protein, S cerevisiae; C106765:Met32 protein, S cerevisiae; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D011073:Polyamines; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C475058:TPO1 protein, S cerevisiae; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000079:Acetaldehyde