title: [Histologic and ultrastructural features of cell death both physiological and induced by two different teratogens in branchial arches of mouse embryo].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe and compare cell death process both physiological and associated with the administration of two different teratogens (irradiation and retinoic acid) inside cephalic mesectoderm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Irradiated mice: 2 Gy were administered to E 9 embryos. Retinoic acid: 60 mg/kg were gave to E 8 or E 9 embryos. E 9 - 9.5 and E 10 embryos were removed. E 9 - E 9.5 and E 10 control specimens were collected. We used semi-thin sections and ultra-thin sections observed with transmission electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major process is apoptosis, which is increased in experimental embryos compared to control specimens. However, autophagy was observed in retinoic acid-treated embryos, while necrosis can rarely occurs after irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the common process seems to be apoptosis, both teratological models differs owing to their respective secondary features. These differences should be explained by the specific pathogenesis of both teratological agents: ligand-receptor reaction and Hox system disruption in retinoic acid administration, direct aggression against DNA and diffuse cell death process following irradiation. Furthermore, congenital malformations induced by these teratogens are quite different. This can be partially explained by a specific blow of different cellular subpopulations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Embryologie, Faculté de Médecine, ULB, Bruxelles.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vanmuylder
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Evrard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glineur
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gashegu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rooze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louryan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D014212:Tretinoin