title: Lipoic acid is 10 times more toxic in cats than reported in humans, dogs or rats.
abstract: The antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) is administered to humans and pets. We described acute toxicity and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LA in cats. In progression, 10 healthy adult male cats received orally 60 (high), 30 (low), or 0 mg LA/kg (control). Serum enzyme activities and concentrations of bile acids, ammonia, amino acids (AA), LA and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) were measured, and tissues examined microscopically. Significant clinical toxicity with changes in ammonia and AA concentrations occurred in all high-dose cats. Oral LA produced hepatocellular toxicity and MTD was < 30 mg/kg in cats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. hill687@osu.edu
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Q R
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Christopher
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D002415:Cats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000662:veterinary; D051381:Rats; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D000641:Ammonia; C015144:dihydrolipoic acid; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase