title: Evaluation of the intestinal absorption of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol by an in vitro gastrointestinal model, and the binding efficacy of activated carbon and other adsorbent materials.
abstract: In vitro screening of 14 adsorbent materials, including some commercial products used to detoxify Fusarium-mycotoxins, were tested in the pH range of 3-8 for deoxynivalenol (DON)- and nivalenol (NIV)-binding ability. Only activated carbon showed to be effective with binding capacities of 35.1 micromol and 8.8 micromol DON and NIV/g adsorbent, respectively, calculated from the adsorption isotherms. A dynamic laboratory model simulating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of healthy pigs (TIM system) was used to evaluate the small-intestinal absorption of DON and NIV and the efficacy of activated carbon in reducing the relevant absorption. The in vitro intestinal absorptions of DON and NIV were 51% and 21%, respectively, as referred to 170 microg DON and 230 microg NIV ingested through contaminated (spiked) wheat. Most absorption occurred in the jejunal compartment for both mycotoxins. The inclusion of activated carbon produced a significant reduction in the intestinal mycotoxin absorption. At 2% inclusion level the absorption with respect to the intake was lowered from 51% to 28% for DON and from 21% to 12% for NIV. The binding activity of activated carbon for these trichothecenes was lower than that observed for zearalenone, a mycotoxin frequently co-occurring with them in naturally contaminated cereals.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Viale Einaudi 51, I-70125 Bari, Italy. giuseppina.avantaggiato@ispa.cnr.it
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avantaggiato
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havenaar
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visconti
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D013552:Swine; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; D002606:Charcoal; C038405:nivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol