title: An assessment of vascular pain using the flexor reflex in anesthetized rats.
abstract: This study assessed the flexor reflex induced by intraarterial algogenic drugs in anesthetized rats. The experiments were performed on male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 290-350 g. The animals were anesthetized with urethane (1.3 g/kg i.p.) and an arterial cannula was inserted to the level of the bifurcation of the femoral artery. The magnitude of the flexor reflex was examined by recording the electromyograph from the posterior biceps femoris/semitendinous muscles. Results showed that the flexor reflex evoked by intra-arterial injection of capsaicin (0.05-0.5 microg) was dose-dependent. A similar reflex resulted from pinching the toe of the hindlimb. These responses were inhibited by morphine (5 mg/kg s.c.) and restored with naloxone (1.5 mg/kg s.c.). Intraarterial preinjection of procaine (2%, 200 microl) and capsazepine (20 microg), which is a selective vanilloid receptor antagonist, inhibited the capsaicin-evoked response, but not that of pinching. These results indicate that the flexor reflex is a useful tool for assessing vascular pain in anesthetized animals.
authors.affiliation: Center for Laboratory Animal Science,Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan. rando@tohoku-pharm.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D006614:Hindlimb; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011343:Procaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012026:Reflex, Stretch / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014034:Toes / Q000293:injuries / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone; D011343:Procaine; D009020:Morphine; D008012:Lidocaine; C071423:capsazepine; D002211:Capsaicin