title: Milrinone and nitric oxide: combined effect on pulmonary artery pressures after cardiopulmonary bypass in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of milrinone combined with nitric oxide (NO) on the pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), for repair of congenital heart defects (CHD) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University affiliated community hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety children with pulmonary hypertension and repair of CHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  After weaning from CPB, patients (30 in each group) received 3 drug regimens: group 1, nitric oxide (NO); group 2, a continuous infusion of milrinone; and group 3, a combination of the 2. Drugs were started after CPB and given for 20 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary and systemic pressures, PaCO(2), SaO(2), and pH values were recorded before bypass, after weaning from CPB, 10 and 20 minutes after starting each regimen, and 10 minutes after the cessation of treatment. Mean systemic blood pressure was lower (p < 0.05) in the combined treatment group after discontinuation of the drugs. Although mean PAP values were lower in the combined group (p < 0.05), no difference was recorded with regard to pH, PaCO(2), and PaO(2). The ratio between pre- and post-treatment mean PAP was highest in group 3(1.26 +/- 0.5) and lowest in group 2 (0.99 +/- 0.3, p < 0.001). The mean PAP recorded after discontinuation of the drug was lower than the baseline value in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of milrinone and NO produced a more pronounced decrease in PAP than milrinone alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Holon, Israel.
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khazin
authors.forename: Yefim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Deeb
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zabeeda
authors.forename: Beniamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Medalion
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sasson
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schachner
authors.forename: Tiberiu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ezri
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020105:Milrinone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020105:Milrinone; D010100:Oxygen