title: Do medical house officers value the health of veterans differently from the health of non-veterans?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available regarding medical residents' perceptions of patients' health-related quality of life. Patients cared for by residents have been shown to receive differing patterns of care at Veterans Affairs facilities than at community or university settings. We therefore examined: 1) how resident physicians value the health of patients; 2) whether values differ if the patient is described as a veteran; and 3) whether residency-associated variables impact values.
  
  
  METHODS
  All medicine residents in a teaching hospital were asked to watch a digital video of an actor depicting a 72-year-old patient with mild-moderate congestive heart failure. Residents were randomized to 2 groups: in one group, the patient was described as a veteran of the Korean War, and in the other, he was referred to only as a male. The respondents assessed the patient's health state using 4 measures: rating scale (RS), time tradeoff (TTO), standard gamble (SG), and willingness to pay (WTP). We also ascertained residents' demographics, risk attitudes, residency program type, post-graduate year level, current rotation, experience in a Veterans Affairs hospital, and how many days it had been since they were last on call. We performed univariate and multivariable analyses using the RS, TTO, SG and WTP as dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one residents (89.0% of eligible) participated, with 36 (44.4%) viewing the video of the veteran and 45 (55.6%) viewing the video of the non-veteran. Their mean (SD) age was 28.7 (3.1) years; 51.3% were female; and 67.5% were white. There were no differences in residents' characteristics or in RS, TTO, SG and WTP scores between the veteran and non-veteran groups. The mean RS score was 0.60 (0.14); the mean TTO score was 0.80 (0.20); the mean SG score was 0.91 (0.10); and the median (25th, 75th percentile) WTP was 10,000 dollars (7600 dollars, 20,000 dollars) per year. In multivariable analyses, being a resident in the categorical program was associated with assigning higher RS scores, but no residency-associated variables were associated with the TTO, SG or WTP scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians in training appear not to be biased either in favor of or against military veterans when judging the value of a patient's health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Outcomes Research, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, USA. michael.yi@uc.edu
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luckhaupt
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mrus
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsevat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education*; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D016544:Patient Simulation; D040841:Resource Allocation / Q000191:economics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D026712:Value of Life / Q000191:economics*; D014728:Veterans / Q000145:classification*; D014743:Videotape Recording