title: Uptake of COX-2 selective inhibitors and influence on NSAID prescribing in Northern Ireland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rofecoxib and celecoxib have been recently introduced and promoted as 'safer' non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) regarding gastric toxicity. The primary aim was to measure their uptake and any impact on conventional NSAID prescribing. A secondary aim was to assess any change in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescribing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prescribing data in terms of defined daily doses (DDDs) were pooled from 1997 onwards. Linear trends in the data were tested for using regression analyses. Direct comparisons were made between the April-June quarter of the year 1999 (i.e. before the introduction of rofecoxib and celecoxib) and the same quarter 3 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall NSAID prescribing in Northern Ireland was found to be increasing linearly at an estimated rate of 154,000 DDDs per quarter since the introduction of celecoxib and rofecoxib. The rate of increase in the volume of prescribing of the two new drugs was found to be four times the rate of decrease in prescribing of the 'older' NSAIDs. Overall prescribing of anti-inflammatory agents had increased from 37.8 to 47.7 DDDs/1000 patients/day over 3 years with no effect on the upward trend in PPI prescribing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of rofecoxib and celecoxib has increased prescribing volume of anti-inflammatory agents by 26% in Northern Ireland over the 3-year period. This could pose safety problems in the future as more people are being prescribed anti-inflammatory agents.
authors.affiliation: Regional Prescribing Information Unit, Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK. b.girvin@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Briegeen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Girvin
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: G Dennis
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016014:Linear Models; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009660:Northern Ireland; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D017494:Proton Pumps / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013450:Sulfones; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007783:Lactones; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D017494:Proton Pumps; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib