title: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is thought to play a role in the etiology and progression of prostate cancer. Hormone activity requires binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which contains several genetic polymorphisms that have been associated with risk of prostate cancer. To further evaluate this relationship, we conducted a population-based case-control study of the VDR BsmI, FokI, and Poly-A polymorphisms, and prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Germline DNA samples and survey data from incident prostate cancer cases (n = 559) and controls (n = 523) of similar age (40-64 years) without a history of the disease who resided in King County, Washington were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the BsmI, FokI, and Poly-A genotypes were similar in cases and controls, and no overall association between any variants and prostate cancer risk were noted. Stratification by clinical features of disease revealed that among men with localized stage disease, the BsmI bb genotype was associated with a modest increase in risk (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02-2.17; P = 0.04) compared to the BB genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that polymorphisms in the VDR gene are not strong predictors of prostate cancer risk among Caucasian men in the U.S.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Mahesh B Keitheri
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cheteri
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Friedrichsen
authors.forename: Mette A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Mariela C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Langlois
authors.forename: Ziding
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Elaine A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ostrander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol