title: Responses of guinea pig pups during isolation in a novel environment may represent stress-induced sickness behaviors.
abstract: When guinea pig pups are isolated in a novel environment, they show an initial active phase of behavioral responsiveness characterized by vocalizations and locomotor activity. One earlier study found that after about an hour, pups began to exhibit a second, passive stage of responsiveness marked by a crouched stance, eye-closing, and extensive piloerection. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that the responses during the second, passive stage result from the isolation experience activating pathways underlying the acute phase response, i.e., that behaviors of the second stage represent "stress-induced sickness behaviors". We found the following: (1) the passive stage did not emerge if pups remained with the mother during exposure to a novel cage; (2) injection of lipopolysaccharide, which induces an acute phase response, also led pups to exhibit crouching, eye-closing, and piloerection; and, (3) isolation in the novel cage produced a rise in rectal temperature, but did not affect peripheral or central levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-immunoreactivity. Overall, these results are consistent with the notion that stress-induced sickness behaviors can account for some of the behaviors of isolated guinea pig pups, though if this is the case, cytokines other than IL-1beta appear to be involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, 335 Fawcett Hall, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA. michael.hennessy@wright.edu
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deak
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schiml-Webb
authors.forename: Shannon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Tess M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Greenlee
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCall
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000523:psychology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006799:Housing, Animal; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D012803:Sick Role; D012934:Social Isolation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides