title: Haemodynamic effect of intermittent pneumatic compression of the leg after infrainguinal arterial bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) may increase blood flow through infrainguinal arterial grafts, and has potential clinical application as blood flow velocity attenuation often precedes graft failure. The present study examined the immediate effects of IPC applied to the foot (IPC(foot)), the calf (IPC(calf)) and to both simultaneously (IPC(foot+calf)) on the haemodynamics of infrainguinal bypass grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen femoropopliteal and 18 femorodistal autologous vein grafts were studied; all had a resting ankle : brachial pressure index of 0.9 or more. Clinical examination, graft surveillance and measurement of graft haemodynamics were conducted at rest and within 5 s of IPC in each mode using duplex imaging. Outcome measures included peak systolic (PSV), mean (MV) and end diastolic (EDV) velocities, pulsatility index (PI) and volume flow in the graft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All IPC modes significantly enhanced MV, PSV, EDV and volume flow in both graft types; IPC(foot+calf) was the most effective. IPC(foot+calf) enhanced median volume flow, MV and PSV in femoropopliteal grafts by 182, 236 and 49 per cent, respectively, and attenuated PI by 61 per cent. Enhancement in femorodistal grafts was 273, 179 and 53 per cent respectively, and PI attenuation was 63 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPC was effective in improving infrainguinal graft flow velocity, probably by reducing peripheral resistance. IPC has the potential to reduce the risk of bypass graft thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Regional Vascular Surgery Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK. k.delis@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Delis
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Husmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szendro
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J H N
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Mansfield
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D003250:Constriction; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D013599:Systole; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology