title: Sulfated fucan as support for antibiotic immobilization.
abstract: Xylofucoglucuronan from Spatoglossum schröederi algae was tested as a support for antibiotic immobilization. The polysaccharide (20 mg in 6 ml) was first activated using carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide methiodide (20 mg in 2 ml), under stirring for 1 h at 25 masculine C and pH from 4.5 to 5.0. After adjusting the pH to 8.0, either gentamicin or amikacin (62.5 mg in 1.25 ml) was then immobilized on this chemically modified polysaccharide with shaking for 24 h in a cold room. Infrared spectra of the activated carbodiimide xylofucoglucuronan showed two bands to carbonyl (C=O at 1647.9 and 1700.7 cm(-1)) and to amide (C-NH2) groups (1662.8 and 1714.0 cm(-1)). Microbial characterization of the derivatives was carried out by the disk diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae incorporated in Müller Hinton medium. Inhibition halos of bacterial growth were observed for the antibiotics immobilized on this sulfated heteropolysaccharide before and after dialysis. However, the halos resulting from the samples after dialysis were much smaller, suggesting that dialysis removed either non-covalently bound antibiotic or other small molecules. In contrast, bacterial growth was not inhibited by either xylofucoglucuronan or its activated form or by gentamicin or amikacin after dialysis. An additional experiment was carried out which demonstrated that the sulfated heteropolysaccharide was hydrolyzed by the microorganism. Therefore, the antibiotic immobilized on xylofucoglucuronan can be proposed as a controlled drug delivery system. Furthermore, this sulfated heteropolysaccharide can be extracted easily from sea algae Spatoglossum schröederi.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami and Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Córdula
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: M P C
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003956:Dialysis; D004058:Diffusion; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012995:Solubility; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000583:Amikacin; C007789:fucoidan