title: Phase I clinical trial of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor BMS-214662 given as a 1-hour intravenous infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  BMS-214662 is a nonsedating benzodiazepine derivative that exhibits broad spectrum cytotoxicity against human solid tumor cell lines and potently inhibits farnesylation of the H-ras and K-ras oncogenic proteins. This report describes the initial Phase I clinical trial of the compound. The main objective of the study was to determine the dose-limiting toxicities and the maximum tolerated dose of BMS-214662 when administered as a single dose i.v. over 1 h every 21 days to patients with advanced solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced solid tumors and adequate organ function were eligible for the study. The dose was escalated according to a modified Fibonacci schedule after evaluating groups of at least three patients for toxicity during the first cycle of therapy at each dose level. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed after administration of the two initial doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dose of BMS-214662 was escalated from 36 to 225 mg/m(2) through 5 intermediate dose levels in a total of 44 patients. Dose-limiting toxicities occurred in 3 of the 13 (23%) patients during the first cycle of treatment with 225 mg/m(2), consisting of grade 3 nausea/vomiting in 2 patients and grade 3 diarrhea in another patient. In addition, four of these patients experienced reversible grade 3 transaminitis, which was not considered to be dose-limiting. At the recommended dose for Phase II studies, 200 mg/m(2), the most common side effects were reversible transaminitis, nausea, and vomiting. Although there were no objective responses, one patient with pancreatic cancer continues to receive treatment more than 3.5 years after entering the study. BMS-214662 exhibited linear pharmacokinetics and had a mean biological half-life of 1.55 +/- 0.27 h and a total body clearance of 21.8 +/- 10.8 liters/h/m(2), with a low apparent volume of distribution at steady state (31.5 +/- 12.9 liters/m(2)). In patients treated with the recommended Phase II dose, the mean maximum plasma concentration of the drug was 6.57 +/- 2.94 microg/ml, and farnesyltransferase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased to a nadir of 10.5 +/- 6.4% of baseline at the end of the infusion but fully recovered within 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMS-214662 can be delivered safely as a single 1-h i.v. infusion at a dose that results in pronounced inhibition of farnesyltransferase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, the duration of enzyme inhibition was transient, recovering in parallel with the decline in plasma concentrations of this rapidly eliminated drug. Because indications of anticancer activity were observed in several patients, further optimization of the administration schedule for this promising new compound is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. dpryan@partners.org
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puchlaski
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Seiden
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Amrein
authors.forename: Darrell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sonnichsen
authors.forename: Jeffrey G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Supko
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D008956:Models, Chemical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; C415151:7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine