title: Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection via breast milk: effects on hearing and development in preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In preterm infants there is a high risk of transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) via breast milk from seropositive mothers with reactivation of the virus during lactation. There is little information about the long term sequel of early postnatally acquired CMV infection in pre-term infants. This study aimed to investigate whether there was an increased frequency of impaired neurodevelopmental outcome and sensorineural hearing loss in preterm infants with postnatally acquired CMV infection through transmission by CMV-positive breast milk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two preterm infants [median birth weight, 1020 g (range, 600 to 1870 g); median gestational age, 27.6 weeks (range, 23.6 to 32 weeks] with early postnatally acquired CMV infection by breast-feeding (onset of viruria between Days 23 and 190 postnatally) were compared with 22 CMV-negative preterm infants individually matched for gestational age, birth weight, gender, intracranial hemorrhage and duration of ventilation. At 2 to 4.5 years of age, follow-up assessments were conducted consisting of neurologic examination, neurodevelopmental assessment and detailed audiologic tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the children had sensorineural hearing loss. There was no difference between the groups with regard to neurologic, speech and language or motor development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that early postnatally acquired CMV infection via CMV-positive breast milk does not have a negative effect on neurodevelopment and hearing in this group of patients. Because we studied a small number of infants, further follow-up studies are warranted in preterm infants with early postnatally acquired CMV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. b.vollmer@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seibold-Weiger
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Salue
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamprecht
authors.forename: Rangmar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goelz
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krageloh-Mann
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Speer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000635:transmission*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral