A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence.
BACKGROUND
We have developed genomic tools to allow the genus Populus (aspens and cottonwoods) to be exploited as a full-featured model for investigating fundamental aspects of tree biology. We have undertaken large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing programs and created Populus microarrays with significant gene coverage. One of the important aspects of plant biology that cannot be studied in annual plants is the gene activity involved in the induction of autumn leaf senescence.


RESULTS
On the basis of 36,354 Populus ESTs, obtained from seven cDNA libraries, we have created a DNA microarray consisting of 13,490 clones, spotted in duplicate. Of these clones, 12,376 (92%) were confirmed by resequencing and all sequences were annotated and functionally classified. Here we have used the microarray to study transcript abundance in leaves of a free-growing aspen tree (Populus tremula) in northern Sweden during natural autumn senescence. Of the 13,490 spotted clones, 3,792 represented genes with significant expression in all leaf samples from the seven studied dates.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed a major shift in gene expression, coinciding with massive chlorophyll degradation, that reflected a shift from photosynthetic competence to energy generation by mitochondrial respiration, oxidation of fatty acids and nutrient mobilization. Autumn senescence had much in common with senescence in annual plants; for example many proteases were induced. We also found evidence for increased transcriptional activity before the appearance of visible signs of senescence, presumably preparing the leaf for degradation of its components.
Andersson
Anders
A
Department of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Keskitalo
Johanna
J
Sjödin
Andreas
A
Bhalerao
Rupali
R
Sterky
Fredrik
F
Wissel
Kirsten
K
Tandre
Karolina
K
Aspeborg
Henrik
H
Moyle
Richard
R
Ohmiya
Yasunori
Y
Bhalerao
Rishikesh
R
Brunner
Amy
A
Gustafsson
Petter
P
Karlsson
Jan
J
Lundeberg
Joakim
J
Nilsson
Ove
O
Sandberg
Göran
G
Strauss
Steven
S
Sundberg
Björn
B
Uhlen
Mathias
M
Jansson
Stefan
S
Nilsson
Peter
P
D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D015723:Gene Library; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics; D032107:Populus / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D012621:Seasons; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018744:DNA, Plant; D018749:RNA, Plant