title: Single-step identification of all length polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 gene promoter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a sensitive genetic screening method for rapid identification of all known length polymorphisms in the promoter region of the uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 gene comprising (TA)5, (TA)7 and (TA)8 repeats as opposed to the non-mutated (TA)6 allele.
  
  
  METHODS
  The UGT1A1 promoter genotype was assessed in 115 subjects by means of a newly developed pyrosequencing method. PCR-generated DNA templates of heterozygous (TA)5 and (TA)7 carriers were cloned into a TOPO TA vector and verified by sequencing. In addition, a (TA)8 segment was produced by cloning to demonstrate the ability of the method to detect this mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All length polymorphisms of the UGT1A1 promoter described in the literature were clearly identified. Fifteen subjects had Gilbert's syndrome with elevated serum bilirubin associated with a homozygous (TA)7TAA/(TA)7TAA genotype. Two subjects with the rare genotypes (TA)5TAA/(TA)6TAA and (TA)5TAA/(TA)7TAA were found, where only the latter one displayed elevated serum bilirubin levels. Allelic frequencies were 0.9%, 66.1% and 33% for the (TA)5TAA, (TA)6TAA and (TA)7TAA allele, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our method enables reliable genetic single-step screening for all known length polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 gene promoter that cause Gilbert's syndrome. This facilitates pharmacogenetic-guided dosing of drugs with known toxicity metabolized by UGT1A1.
authors.affiliation: Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. skarke@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skarke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grösch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geisslinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lötsch
mesh_terms: D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D005878:Gilbert Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme