title: Oxidative stress triggers thiol oxidation in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: The high-resolution two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis technique combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to analyse the oxidative stress response in Staphylococcus aureus COL. Exponentially growing cells were supplemented with 100 mM H2O2 leading to a growth arrest lasting 30 min. The comparison of the two-dimensional pattern of cytoplasmic protein extracts of stressed and unstressed cells revealed only a few changes in the protein synthesis profile. However, the isoelectric points of Gap (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), AhpC (alkylhydroperoxide reductase) and MvaS (HMG-CoA-synthase) changed strikingly. For analysis of the modification of Gap, tandem hybrid mass spectrometry (Q-Star) was used. The observed pI shift resulted from the oxidation to sulphonic acid of cysteine 151, which is crucial for catalytic activity. A drop in ATP and a complete inactivation of Gap was accompanied by the growth arrest. About 30 min after the addition of H2O2, the damaged Gap was still present, but a new protein spot at the original location became visible, representing the newly synthesized enzyme that is active again. This is accompanied by the restoration of Gap enzyme activity, ATP levels and recovery of growth. There is a strong correlation between growth, ATP level and Gap activity under oxidative stress conditions, indicating that the H2O2-triggered Gap inactivation might be one reason for growth arrest under these conditions. Our data indicate that the damaged Gap protein was not repaired.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Greifswald, Jahnstrasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: Dörte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hecker
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; D007526:Isoelectric Point; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016877:Oxidants; D020543:Proteome; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; D003545:Cysteine