title: Use of asthma medication dispensing patterns to predict risk of adverse health outcomes: a study of Medicaid-insured children in managed care programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regular use of inhaled anti-inflammatory (AI) medication improves outcomes for children with persistent asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To relate 3 measures of asthma medication dispensing to physical health and hospital-based events among children with asthma who were enrolled in 1 of 5 managed care health plans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of Medicaid-insured children with asthma were interviewed at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Utilization data were collected from the health plans in which the children were enrolled. Subjects were stratified into 3 subgroups according to asthma severity: intermittent asthma; persistent asthma for which beta-agonist (BA) medication was dispensed infrequently (< or = 3 times per year); and persistent asthma for which BA medication was dispensed frequently (> or = 4 times per year).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline interviews were completed by 1,663 parents (63% response rate), 1,504 of whom were enrolled in their health plan for at least 11 months during the baseline year. Follow-up interviews were completed by 1,287 (86%) of the 1,504 parents. Among the subgroup of children with persistent asthma for whom BA was dispensed frequently, those who had 1 to 3 AI dispensings had a greater risk for hospital-based events than those with 6 or more AI dispensings. Baseline-year AI medication utilization patterns were not associated with follow-up-year outcomes. No clinically meaningful association was found in subgroups with less severe asthma; however, few AI medications were dispensed to these children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Policymakers and clinicians who wish to use medication-based measures to evaluate quality of asthma care should consider counting the number of times AI medication is dispensed among children with more severe asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Vallejo, California 94589-2485, USA. harold.j.farber@kp.org
authors.forename: Harold J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Farber
authors.forename: Felicia W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capra
authors.forename: Nancy G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Jensvold
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Quesenberry
authors.forename: Tracy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lieu
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008484:Medicaid; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents