title: Chromosome number and development of artificial mouse oocytes and zygotes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infertility due to the absence of gametes is one of the last frontiers in reproductive medicine. Sperm or oocyte donation is currently the only treatment option but this approach lacks the genetic contribution of both partners. Artificial production of gametes through haploidization may offer an alternative strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of producing artificial oocytes and zygotes with correct chromosome number.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Somatic cumulus cell nuclei were injected into non-enucleated oocytes to produce artificial zygotes and into enucleated mature mouse oocytes to produce artificial oocytes. The expected chromosome number of artificial zygotes and oocytes is 40 and 20 chromosomes respectively. Fertilization and developmental potential of artificial zygotes and oocytes inseminated by IVF or ICSI were investigated. The expected chromosome numbers were found in 12% of artificial zygotes and 15% of artificial oocytes. Varying the time interval between injection of the somatic nucleus and activation (3, 5, 8 h) tended to increase the efficiency up to 18 and 23% for zygotes and oocytes respectively. Two-cell formation rates were 90% for artificial zygotes and 37% for artificial oocytes after IVF and 53% for artificial oocytes after ICSI. Blastocyst formation rates were 15, 8 and 9% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromosome number analysis shows that the efficiency of obtaining artificial zygotes and oocytes with correct chromosome number was low and that developmental potential was severely hampered. These observations question the possibility of obtaining chromosomally normal embryos from artificial oocytes or zygotes.
authors.affiliation: Infertility Centre, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Bjorn.Heindryckx@Ugent.be
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heindryckx
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lierman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van der Elst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhont
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006238:Haploidy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D015053:Zygote / Q000502:physiology*