title: The effect of general anesthesia and abdominal surgery upon plasma thromboxane B concentrations in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of anesthesia alone with anesthesia and abdominal surgery on plasma thromboxane B(2) concentrations in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomized experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male mixed-bred horses (5-12 years, 350 +/- 18 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  All horses were anesthetized for 2.5 hours using halothane, and a month later abdominal surgery was performed using the same anesthetic technique with a similar duration. The schedule of anesthesia included pre-medication with diazepam (0.1 mg kg(-1) IM), followed by xylazine (2.2 mg kg(-1) IV), and 10 minutes later anesthesia was induced with ketamine hydrochloride (2.2 mg kg(-1) IV). After orotracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with halothane. Blood samples for the determination of thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) were obtained before, at induction, at 60 minutes after halothane was first inspired, and at recovery from anesthesia as well as at the corresponding stages of the experimental abdominal surgery (before induction, prior to laparotomy, enterectomy, enteroanastomosis, abdominal wall closure).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline value for the anesthesia group was 76 +/- 12 pg mL(-1) and increased (p < 0.001) after 1 hour of anesthesia to 265 +/- 40 pg mL(-1). With surgery, the corresponding value was 285 +/- 21 pg mL(-1) (hour 1, p < 0.001) and 210 +/- 28 pg mL(-1) (hour 2, p < 0.001), respectively. These were not different from anesthesia alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased concentrations of thromboxane B(2) between 1 and 2.5 hours of halothane anesthesia and during the corresponding stages of the surgical intervention suggested that the anesthetic technique caused a significant increase in thromboxane B(2) and that surgery did not appear to contribute to this response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. d.dinev@uni-sz.bg
authors.forename: Dinko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinev
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andonova
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000662:veterinary; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014991:Xylazine; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D006221:Halothane