title: Neuronal COX-2 expression and phosphorylation of pRb precede p38 MAPK activation and neurofibrillary changes in AD temporal cortex.
abstract: In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cell cycle markers, and p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) can be detected in neuronal cells. Besides mediating COX-2 expression, p38 MAPK is suggested to mediate cell cycle progression through phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). In this study, we show that neuronal immunoreactivity for phosphorylated p38 MAPK does not correlate with COX-2 or phosphorylated pRb (ppRb) in control and AD temporal cortex. Immunoreactivity for activated p38 MAPK co-localizes with AT8 immunoreactivity and increases with the occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques. On the other hand, COX-2 immunoreactivity co-localizes and correlates with ppRb immunoreactivity in pyramidal neurons. COX-2 and ppRb do not co-localize with AT8 and decrease with increasing pathology. These results suggest that p38 MAPK does not mediate COX-2 expression and pRb inactivation, which are involved in cellular changes in pyramidal neurons early in AD pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Research Institute Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jjm.hoozemans@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Jeroen J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hoozemans
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veerhuis
authors.forename: Annemieke J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rozemuller
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arendt
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eikelenboom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016874:Neurofibrillary Tangles / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000473:pathology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases