title: Fate of Escherichia coli originating from livestock faeces deposited directly onto pasture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the fate of Escherichia coli deposited onto grassland via faeces, from naturally colonized cattle, sheep or pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups of cattle, sheep and pigs were penned outdoors on grass during November, and removed after 14 days. Escherichia coli populations in the ground declined over 134 days from initial average levels of 5.34, 4.31 and 4.96 log(10) CFU g(-1) in cattle, sheep and pig pens, respectively. The maximum Escherichia coli survival time was up to 162 days (190 days taking sampling interval and deposition time into account), but numbers varied significantly amongst the 20 replicates taken each day. Escherichia coli originating from cattle and sheep had average decimal reduction times (D-values) of 38 and 36 days, respectively; E. coli originating from pigs declined significantly faster (average D-value of 26 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Escherichia coli from livestock faeces can survive on grass for at least 5-6 months, affording opportunity for pathogenic biotypes to contaminate animals, plants or water.
authors.affiliation: Direct Laboratory Services, Wolverhampton, UK. sheryl.avery@directlabs.co.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hutchison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology