title: Enhanced evoked responses after early adversity and repeated platform exposure: the neurobiology of vulnerability?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a long-standing clinical awareness of the significance of adverse early experiences and subsequent stress in the evolution of psychiatric disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the impact of a single episode of preweaning maternal separation on in vivo electrophysiologic responses in the hippocampus of the mature rat after repeated exposure to an open elevated platform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only rats that had experienced both maternal separation followed by stressful platform exposure when mature had significantly increased granule cell response to perforant path stimulation, compared with control rats. Rats exposed to either maternal separation or the elevated platform in adulthood alone did not differ significantly from control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse early experience seems to induce functional changes in the hippocampus that remain latent until activated by stress in adulthood. Such electrophysiologic changes might represent a neural substrate for vulnerability to stress-associated psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, U.K.
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Rachel X A
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.forename: David J K
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Balfour
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D009446:Neurobiology / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*