title: Plasma hyperosmolality stimulates leptin secretion acutely by a vasopressin-adrenal mechanism.
abstract: Glucose administration to rodents acutely stimulates leptin secretion. To investigate the mechanism, rats were infused intravenously with various concentrations of glucose, and plasma leptin concentrations were measured with time. The osmolality of the infusates was equalized with various concentrations of carbohydrates that are not metabolized. Hyperosmolar glucose stimulates leptin secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with peak plasma leptin concentrations occurring approximately 3 h after the end of the glucose infusion. Hypertonic infusions of galactose, mannitol, and sodium chloride independently stimulate leptin secretion with approximately one-half the strength of equivalent osmolar concentrations of glucose. Peak plasma leptin concentrations occur approximately 4 h after the end of the hypertonic solution infusion. Hypertonic solutions of mannitol do not stimulate leptin secretion in vasopressin-deficient or in adrenalectomized animals. In conclusion, intravenous infusions of hypertonic glucose and hypertonic mannitol independently stimulate leptin secretion. Hyperosmolality stimulates leptin secretion by a vasopressin-adrenal mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249, USA. James.Levy@med.va.gov
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005690:Galactose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005950:Glucose Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D011910:Rats, Brattleboro; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005950:Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; D020738:Leptin; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014667:Vasopressins; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005947:Glucose; D003345:Corticosterone; D005690:Galactose