title: Effect of alpha-pinene on nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in THP-1 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of alpha-pinene on nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and the expression of the inhibitor of NF-kappa B (I kappa B alpha) in human monocyte THP-1 cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  THP-1 cells were incubated with alpha-pinene (1, 10, and 100 mg/L, for 30 min) before being stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/L, 30 min). The location of NF-kappa B p65 subunit (NF-kappa B/p65) in THP-1 cells was detected by immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The expression of NF-kappa B/p65 in nuclei and that of I kappa B alpha in cytoplasm were measured by Western-blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of FITC-labelled NF-kappa B/p65 was located in the nuclei being stimulated with LPS. Whereas, no such fluorescence was seen in the nuclei of the groups pretreated with alpha-pinene or control cells. alpha-Pinene pretreatment decreased the NF-kappa B/p65 nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, and this effect was dose-dependent, but there was no reaction in LPS-unstimulated THP-1 cells. alpha-Pinene pretreatment increased I kappa B alpha protein level in cytoplasm, compared with that in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a dose-related fashion, alpha-pinene inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B induced by LPS in THP-1 cells, and this effect is partly due to the upregulation of I kappa B alpha expression.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Drugs Administration of China, and Department of Respiratory MEdicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, China.
authors.forename: Jian-ya
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fa-di
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Guo-gen
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Ru-lian
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bian
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D021381:Protein Transport; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D039821:Monoterpenes; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C005451:alpha-pinene