[Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genes, mutations and animal models. A review].
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disease, which may afflict as many as 1 in 500 subjects (0.2%), being probably the most common hereditary cardiovascular disease and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by the presence of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (in absence of hypertension, valvular disease, etc), which is usually asymmetric and involves the ventricular septum. Molecular genetic studies have identified eleven genes that code proteins of the sarcomere that are associated with the HCM; the beta-myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7), alpha-myosin heavy chain (MYH6), cardiac troponin T (TNNT2); cardiac troponin C (TNNC1), alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1), myosin binding protein-C (MYBPC3), cardiac troponin (TNNI3), essential and regulatory light chain genes (MYL3 and MYL2, respectively), cardiac alpha-actin gene (ACTC) and titin (TTN). The objective of this paper is the revision of the current state of the knowledge on (1) the organization and mutations of the HCM causing genes and their proteins and (2) the animal models developed for the study of the genes, mutations and proteins in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Ramírez
Carlos Darío
CD
Departamento de Biología Estructural, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. carlosdarioramirez@yahoo.cs
Padrón
Raúl
R
D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D024722:Cardiac Myosins / Q000235:genetics; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D064211:Connectin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000235:genetics; D014336:Troponin / Q000235:genetics; D024723:Ventricular Myosins / Q000235:genetics; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C
D000199:Actins; D024722:Cardiac Myosins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D064211:Connectin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D009218:Myosins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D014335:Tropomyosin; D014336:Troponin; D024723:Ventricular Myosins; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C; C094239:MYH6 protein, human; C490775:TPM1 protein, human; C577285:TTN protein, human