title: Growth arrest and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by hexamethylene bisacetamide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cellular effects of hybrid polar compound hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) on the growth and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and to provide the molecular mechanism for potential application of HMBA in the treatment of liver cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of HMBA on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were assayed by MTT chronometry. Apoptosis induced by HMBA was detected by phase-contrast microscopy, flow cytometry, propidium iodide staining and immunocytochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth of SMMC-7721 cells was significantly inhibited by HMBA, and the growth inhibitory rate was 51.1%, 62.6%, 68.7% and 73.9% respectively after treatment with 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mmol/L of HMBA. In the cells treated with 10 mmol/L of HMBA for 72 h, the population of cells at sub-G(1) phase significantly increased, and the apoptotic bodies and condensed nuclei were detected. Moreover, treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with 10 mmol/L of HMBA down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein, while slightly up-regulated the level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with 10.0 mmol/L of HMBA can significantly inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Gao-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Qiu-Feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rui-Chuan
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Rui-Sheng
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shui-Gen
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Shi-Deng
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C014026:hexamethylene bisacetamide