title: Anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of six Iranian plants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori is the major worldwide cause of bacterial gastrointestinal infections in adults and children. Antibiotic therapy and a combination of two or three drugs have been widely used to eradicate these infections. However, development of drug resistance in bacteria calls for new sources of drugs, and plants seem to be a logical source of new antibacterial compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-H. pylori activities of six native Iranian plants (Glycyrrhiza aspera, Juglans regia, Ligustrum vulgare, Thymus kotschyanus, Trachyspermum copticum and Xanthium brasilicum) and seven antibiotics were determined against 70 clinical isolates from children using the disk susceptibility assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also measured for the biologically active extracts. One extract with the best anti-H. pylori activity was fractionated by silica gel and thin layer chromatography and the active compounds were identified by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)HNMR) spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All plant extracts showed anti-H. pylori activity by the disk sensitivity method, but the most active extracts were those from X. brasilicum and T. copticum. In fact, the anti-H. pylori activities of the two extracts were superior to the disk antibiotic susceptibility profile. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the range of 31.25-250 micro g/ml. Fractionation and chemical identification of the extract from X. brasilicum showed the presence of two substances, a flavonoid and a xanthanolide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the rise in antibiotic resistance, new sources of anti-H. pylori drugs are needed. The use of medicinal plants and/or their chemical components may have potential benefit in eradicating such problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farahnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nariman
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eftekhar
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falsafi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058428:Silica Gel; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D058428:Silica Gel; D012822:Silicon Dioxide