title: Seasonal variation in body mass and locomotor kinetics of the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius).
abstract: The fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) is unusual among primates in storing large amounts of fat subcutaneously prior to hibernating during the winter months. In doing so, it increases its body mass by more than 50%, with a substantial weight gain in the tail. This seasonal increase in mass provides a unique natural experiment to examine how changes in body mass affect substrate reaction forces during locomotion. As body mass increases, it is expected that the limbs of the fat-tailed dwarf lemur will be subjected to greater peak vertical substrate reaction forces during quadrupedal walking. However, whether or not these peak substrate reaction forces will increase proportionally across forelimbs and hindlimbs as body mass increases is unknown. Substrate reaction forces were collected on four adult C. medius walking quadrupedally on a 28-mm pole attached to a force platform. Peak vertical substrate reaction forces (Vpk) (N) were analyzed and compared for a cross-sectional sample of different body masses (180-300 g). Forelimb and hindlimb Vpk were positively correlated with body mass, with hindlimb Vpk always higher than forelimb Vpk. However, the rate at which Vpk increased relative to body mass was higher for the hindlimb than the forelimb. This disproportion in weight distribution between the forelimbs and hindlimbs as body mass increases appears to be linked to the accumulation of fat in the tail. It is likely that storing fat in the tail region may shift the center of mass more caudally, from a more cranial position when the tail is thinner. Such a caudal shift of the center of mass-either morphological or dynamic-is believed to have played an important role in the functional differentiation of the limbs and the evolution of locomotor modes of several tetrapod groups, including dinosaurs and primates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. plemelin@med.ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemelin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016565:Cheirogaleidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006605:Hibernation / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D012621:Seasons; D013623:Tail / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology