title: Gender and culture differences in emotion.
abstract: In this article, the authors report a secondary analysis on a cross-cultural dataset on gender differences in 6 emotions, collected in 37 countries all over the world. The aim was to test the universality of the gender-specific pattern found in studies with Western respondents, namely that men report more powerful emotions (e.g., anger), whereas women report more powerless emotions (e.g., sadness, fear). The authors expected the strength of these gender differences to depend on women's status and roles in their respective countries, as operationalized by the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM; United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2002). Overall, the gender-specific pattern of women reporting to experience and express more powerless emotions and men more powerful emotions was replicated, and only some interactions with the GEM were found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. a.h.fischer@uva.nl
authors.forename: Agneta H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Mosquera
authors.forename: Annelies E M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: van Vianen
authors.forename: Antony S R
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Manstead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male