title: The value of (-7, -5)pro-prostate-specific antigen and human kallikrein-2 as serum markers for grading prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of the precursor form (-7,5pro) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human kallikrein-2 (hK2) for detecting and grading prostate cancer, as better serum markers with improved specificity are needed in men with lower ranges of total (t)PSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  tPSA, free PSA (fPSA), the precursor (-7,5)proPSA and hK2 were measured in a subset of participants of the European Randomised Study of Screening of Prostate Cancer. In a pilot study, sera from 143 men biopsied but with no prostate cancer, 142 with BPH, and 146 with prostate cancer were analysed to determine the relative value of serum markers for differentiating between the groups. Then, in 141 men with prostate cancer who had a radical prostatectomy, these serum markers were related to the pathological grading to analyse their value as prognostic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of (-7,5)proPSA, hK2 and fPSA could be used to distinguish between BPH and cancer, but proPSA and hK2, alone or combined, did not improve the specificity of fPSA for discriminating BPH and cancer. There was also no correlation between these serum markers and pathological tumour grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical effect of using (-7,5)proPSA or hK2 for detecting and grading prostate cancer remains limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands. h.j.vanalphen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bangma
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wildhagen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yurdakul
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Blijenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen