title: Immediate loading of hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the maxillary premolar area: three-year results of a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although immediate loading of implants in the edentulous mandible has been described in the literature, there is limited information regarding immediate loading of single implants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This prospective clinical study evaluated the clinical parameters of immediately loaded single-threaded hydroxyapatite-coated (HA) root form implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten human subjects were included in this report. In all situations, a screw-retained provisional acrylic resin crown was placed in the maxillary premolar area immediately after implant surgery. Definitive screw-retained metal-ceramic prostheses were placed 6 months after surgery. Standardized periapical radiographs were made before implant surgery, immediately after surgery, and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months after implant surgery. Mobility (measured with the Perio-Test), distance from implant platform to the gingival crevice, distance from the implant platform to the depth of the sulcus, peri-implant probing depth, and bleeding on probing index were recorded at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months after implant placement. For clinical measurements, a 5-mm healing abutment was placed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All implants appeared clinically osseointegrated. Standardized radiographs demonstrated mean marginal bone loss of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 mm at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months after implant surgery, respectively. Mean implant mobility was -3.3 at the day of surgery and -3.8, -3.4, -3.6, and -4.2 at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The distance from implant platform to the gingival crevice was 2.8, 2.4, 2.4, and 3.1 mm at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The distance from the implant platform to the depth of the sulcus was 0.8, 0.9, 0.9, and 1.1 mm at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The peri-implant probing depth was 3.6, 3.3, 3.2, and 4.3 mm at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively. The bleeding on probing index was 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.1 at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this prospective pilot study provide initial evidence that single root form implants may be immediately loaded when placed at the maxillary premolar area.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, 92350, USA. pproussaef@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proussaefs
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lozada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001641:Bicuspid; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003442:Crowns; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003764:Dental Materials; D017886:Durapatite