title: Management of aneurysm sac hygroma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the management strategies and outcome of patients diagnosed with sac hygroma following open or endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven men (median 68 years, range 43-79) with previous open (n=3) or endovascular (n=4) AAA repairs and increasing aneurysm diameters documented on spiral computed tomography (CT) were diagnosed with sac hygroma based on the lack of a demonstrable endoleak on CT imaging; the presence of a gelatinous, clear fluid in the sac; and a nonpulsatile sac pressure that was about one third of the systemic blood pressure. The patients were followed at regular intervals with spiral CT and percutaneous CT-guided translumbar intrasac pressure measurements. Surgical interventions were performed for sac diameter increase >5 mm or expansion-related pain. Blood samples and fluid aspirated from the sac were analyzed to detect activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a median 21.5-month follow-up, open fenestration with resection of the aneurysm wall or open tight wrapping of the wall around the graft in 4 patients did not prevent hygroma reoccurrence, nor did repeated punctures with aspiration of fluid in the other 3 patients. Aneurysm diameters remained unchanged during the observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only symptomatic hygromas need be treated, but the treatment of choice remains to be established, since puncture, fenestration, or resection of the sac do not seem to be adequate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. bo.risberg@surgery.gu.se
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Risberg
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delle
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lönn
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Syk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D018191:Lymphangioma, Cystic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed