title: Evidence that activation of Src family kinase is not required for fertilization-associated [Ca2+]i oscillations in mouse eggs.
abstract: Recent evidence in marine invertebrate, frog, and zebrafish eggs suggests the involvement of a Src family kinase (SFK) in fertilization-induced Ca2+ release. In the present study, we have investigated whether activation of an SFK is required for initiation of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillations in mouse fertilization. We detected a Hck-like protein and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in soluble and insoluble sperm fractions, respectively. However, the presence of these proteins did not correspond to the active fractions of porcine sperm extracts (pSE). Moreover, [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by pSE in mouse eggs were unaltered by pre-incubation of pSE with specific SFK inhibitors such as 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazol[3,4-d]-pyrimidine (PP2) or lavendustin A, despite the fact that the inhibitors were shown to be active both in vivo and in vitro. Another SFK inhibitor, peptide A, blocked oscillations when incubated with pSE prior to injection into eggs, but this inhibition required more than ten times the concentration reportedly required to inhibit SFK activity. In addition, pre-injection or pre-incubation of eggs with these inhibitors did not affect the ability of pSE to trigger [Ca2+]i oscillations in mouse eggs. Microinjection of a recombinant c-Src protein or mRNAs encoding constitutively active Src proteins did not induce [Ca2+]i release. Finally, when sperm and eggs, both of which were pre-treated with PP2, were fertilized, [Ca2+]i oscillations occurred normally. We can therefore conclude that activation of an SFK is neither necessary nor sufficient for triggering fertilization-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Tadaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenawa
authors.forename: Rafael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fissore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015688:Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) / Q000494:pharmacology; D010063:Ovum / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000201:enzymology*; D013552:Swine; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C412373:AG 1879; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010636:Phenols; D011743:Pyrimidines; C098708:peptide A; C062898:lavendustin A; D015688:Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src); D019061:src-Family Kinases; D002118:Calcium