title: Microdissection and gene rearrangement analysis of paraffin-embedded specimens of orbital malignant lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a definite diagnosis of malignant lymphoma can be made from paraffin-embedded archived orbital specimens by gene rearrangement analysis using microdissection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens from four patients with histopathologically diagnosed orbital malignant lymphoma were examined. The malignant cells were microdissected off the paraffin-embedded specimens. DNA was extracted from the cells, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IgH) gene was amplified by PCR. Gene rearrangements were detected by using primers for the third framework (FR3A), the second framework (FR2A), and the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3). Translocation of the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 ( bcl-2) gene was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malignant cells were present on the slides of the paraffin-embedded specimens of three of four cases. The specimens from these three cases showed IgH rearrangements for FR3A, FR2A, and CDR3. A bcl-2-associated translocation was also detected in one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene rearrangement analysis is applicable to paraffin-embedded archived orbital specimens to confirm a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. The advantage of this method is that only a small specimen is needed because the detection sensitivity is high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyosawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eishi
authors.forename: De Fen
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chi-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
mesh_terms: D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015326:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain / Q000235:genetics*; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics*; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D008875:Middle Aged; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains