title: The effect of pH dependent molecular conformation and dimerization phenomena of piroxicam on the drug:cyclodextrin complex stoichiometry and its chromatographic behaviour. A new specific HPLC method for piroxicam:cyclodextrin formulations.
abstract: The complexation of piroxicam with various cyclodextrins was studied in the whole pH range, in an attempt to clarify the reported differences in stoichiometry of the resulting inclusion complexes. In this work, it was found that the pH dependent self-association phenomena, detected in both alkaline and acidic media, are the defining features for complex stoichiometry. Also, it was observed that the inclusion complexes of the piroxicam zwitterion with beta-cyclodextrin (beta CD), methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin have a 2:2 stoichiometry in acidic pH, through inclusion of the benzyl ring moiety. As pH increased, it was determined that the different ionic state of the molecules creates new geometries, involving also the pyridyl-ring in the complexation. More stable inclusion complexes of 2:5 stoichiometry are observed at pH>4. A reversed phase liquid chromatography method, specific for the analysis of the included piroxicam, was developed and validated. The different stoichiometries and the dimers formation were investigated by interpretation of the two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavroula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rozou
authors.forename: Afrodite
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voulgari
authors.forename: Ekaterini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antoniadou-Vyza
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D019281:Dimerization; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D010894:Piroxicam