title: Proliferation marker pKi-67 occurs in different isoforms with various cellular effects.
abstract: The Ki-67 antigen, pKi-67, is a commonly used proliferation marker in research and pathology. It has been recognized that the protein exists in two different splice variants that differ in one exon. In the current work, we present three new splice variants of human pKi-67 consisting of two naturally occurring isoforms and one atypical version. Additionally, data is presented indicating that alternative splicing of the pKi-67 N-terminus is common in tumor cell lines. Analyzing 93 tissues mainly consisting of brain tumor specimens, we found evidence that long and short isoform can be expressed independently of each other. Induction of mitosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed that short pKi-67 appears earlier in the cell cycle than the long isoform and reaches its expression maximum when transcription of the latter sets in. Finally, transfection of mammalian culture cells with exon 7 (specific for the long pKi-67 isoform and not present in the short isoform) in a tetracycline regulated expression system decreased the rate of cell proliferation without affecting the cell cycle. In summary, we present evidence that the pKi-67 N-terminus is differentially spliced resulting in at least five different isoforms with different functions.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirko H H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broll
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Bruch
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Finniss
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bögler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duchrow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D020033:Protein Isoforms