title: Implementation of an ADME enabling selection and visualization tool for drug discovery.
abstract: The pharmaceutical industry has large investments in compound library enrichment, high throughput biological screening, and biopharmaceutical (ADME) screening. As the number of compounds submitted for in vitro ADME screens increases, data analysis, interpretation, and reporting will become rate limiting in providing ADME-structure-activity relationship information to guide the synthetic strategy for chemical series. To meet these challenges, a software tool was developed and implemented that enables scientists to explore in vitro and in silico ADME and chemistry data in a multidimensional framework. The present work integrates physicochemical and ADME data, encompassing results for Caco-2 permeability, human liver microsomal half-life, rat liver microsomal half-life, kinetic solubility, measured log P, rule of 5 descriptors (molecular weight, hydrogen bond acceptors, hydrogen bond donors, calculated log P), polar surface area, chemical stability, and CYP450 3A4 inhibition. To facilitate interpretation of this data, a semicustomized software solution using Spotfire was designed that allows for multidimensional data analysis and visualization. The solution also enables simultaneous viewing and export of chemical structures with the corresponding ADME properties, enabling a more facile analysis of ADME-structure-activity relationship. In vitro and in silico ADME data were generated for 358 compounds from a series of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, resulting in a data set of 5370 experimental values which were subsequently analyzed and visualized using the customized Spotfire application. Implementation of this analysis and visualization tool has accelerated the selection of molecules for further development based on optimum ADME characteristics, and provided medicinal chemistry with specific, data driven structural recommendations for improvements in the ADME profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA. chad.stoner@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Chad L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stankovic
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lepsy
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brodfuehrer
authors.forename: J V N Vara
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Surendran
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012984:Software; D012995:Solubility; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations