title: IL-4 in vitro production is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
abstract: Cytokines appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Their modulation by treatment has been investigated only in a few studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) on Interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in AD patients. IL-4 levels were measured by ELISA on peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures in the presence or absence of Concanavalin A or Phytohaemagglutinin. Linear regression analysis shows that patients who have been treated, have higher levels of IL-4 independently from age, gender and comorbidity. The increased production of IL-4 in AChEI treated patients might represent an additional mechanism through which AChEI act on AD progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugaresi
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Iorio
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iarlori
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reale
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sparvieri
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michetti
authors.forename: Pio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gambi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abate
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paganelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D003208:Concanavalin A; D015847:Interleukin-4