title: Control of microorganisms in vitro by endodontic irrigants.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antimicrobial effectiveness by the direct exposure test of 4 endodontic irrigants [1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 1% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2; prepared with 1 g of Ca(OH)2 and 100 mL of sterile distilled water), a solution of Ca(OH)2 + detergent (HCT20)] for S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. albicans and a mixed culture. Microbial growth was analyzed by two methods: turbidity of the culture medium that was confirmed by Gram stain and subculture in a specific nutrient broth. In the dilution test, NaOCl solution showed MIC equal to 0.1% for S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans and equal to 1% for B. subtilis and the mixed culture. CHX (2%) presented MIC equal to 0.000002% for S. aureus, 0.02% for E. faecalis, B. subtilis, C. albicans and the mixed culture and 0.002% for P. aeruginosa. Ca(OH)2 solution (1%) showed MIC greater than 1% for all the microorganisms except P. aeruginosa for which it was equal to 1%. Calcium hydroxide solution + detergent showed MIC equal to 4.5 mL for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. albicans and the mixed culture and greater than 4.5 mL for E. faecalis. In the direct exposure test, NaOCl had better antimicrobial effectiveness for all microorganisms at all times. CHX (2%) was effective for S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans at all times, and ineffective for P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and the mixed culture. The other solutions showed the worst results.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. estrela3@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Cyntia R A
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Estrela
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estrela
authors.forename: Cleômenes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Lili Luschke
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bammann
authors.forename: Jesus Djalma
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pécora
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003902:Detergents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003902:Detergents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine