title: Correlations between cognitive, behavioural and psychological findings and levels of vitamin B12 and folate in patients with dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Associations between low levels of folate and vitamin B12 and cognitive impairment in patients with dementia have been reported. Some studies revealed correlations between low levels of vitamin B12 and behavioural and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Given the lack of studies in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and on folate and given the methodological shortcomings of former publications, we set up a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  At inclusion, AD (n=152) and FTD (n=28) patients underwent a neuropsychological examination. Behaviour was assessed using a battery of behavioural assessment scales. Determination of serum vitamin B12 and red cell folate levels were performed within a time frame of two weeks of inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both patient groups, significantly negative correlations between levels of serum vitamin B12 and red cell folate and the degree of cognitive deterioration were found. No correlations with BPSD were found in the AD patient group. In FTD patients, levels of vitamin B12 were negatively correlated with both hallucinations (p=0.022) and diurnal rhythm disturbances (p=0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed negative correlations between levels of vitamin B12 and folate and cognitive impairment in both AD and FTD patients, raise the possibility of a non-specific etiological role. Although levels of vitamin B12 and folate did not correlate with BPSD in AD patients, negative correlations between serum vitamin B12 levels and BPSD in FTD patients were revealed. Decreased serum vitamin B12 levels may predispose FTD patients to develop hallucinations and diurnal rhythm disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Memory Clinic, Middelheim General Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sebastiaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelborghs
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vloeberghs
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maertens
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariën
authors.forename: Nore
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Somers
authors.forename: Anoek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Symons
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Veerle
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ketels
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saerens
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goeman
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pickut
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vandevivere
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: De Deyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12