title: Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-sectional research has suggested that television viewing may be associated with decreased attention spans in children. However, longitudinal data of early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems have been lacking. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that early television exposure (at ages 1 and 3) is associated with attentional problems at age 7.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a representative longitudinal data set. Our main outcome was the hyperactivity subscale of the Behavioral Problems Index determined on all participants at age 7. Children who were > or = 1.2 standard deviations above the mean were classified as having attentional problems. Our main predictor was hours of television watched daily at ages 1 and 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available for 1278 children at age 1 and 1345 children at age 3. Ten percent of children had attentional problems at age 7. In a logistic regression model, hours of television viewed per day at both ages 1 and 3 was associated with attentional problems at age 7 (1.09 [1.03-1.15] and 1.09 [1.02-1.16]), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early television exposure is associated with attentional problems at age 7. Efforts to limit television viewing in early childhood may be warranted, and additional research is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. dachris@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Dimitri A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Christakis
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: DiGiuseppe
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013690:Television