title: Parallel FoxP1 and FoxP2 expression in songbird and human brain predicts functional interaction.
abstract: Humans and songbirds are two of the rare animal groups that modify their innate vocalizations. The identification of FOXP2 as the monogenetic locus of a human speech disorder exhibited by members of the family referred to as KE enables the first examination of whether molecular mechanisms for vocal learning are shared between humans and songbirds. Here, in situ hybridization analyses for FoxP1 and FoxP2 in a songbird reveal a corticostriatal expression pattern congruent with the abnormalities in brain structures of affected KE family members. The overlap in FoxP1 and FoxP2 expression observed in the songbird suggests that combinatorial regulation by these molecules during neural development and within vocal control structures may occur. In support of this idea, we find that FOXP1 and FOXP2 expression patterns in human fetal brain are strikingly similar to those in the songbird, including localization to subcortical structures that function in sensorimotor integration and the control of skilled, coordinated movement. The specific colocalization of FoxP1 and FoxP2 found in several structures in the bird and human brain predicts that mutations in FOXP1 could also be related to speech disorders.
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Teramitsu
authors.forename: Lili C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Geschwind
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020308:Songbirds / Q000502:physiology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014828:Vocalization, Animal
chemical_list: C486626:FOXP1 protein, human; C465448:FOXP2 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors