title: The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance scale-3 (SATAQ-3): development and validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this investigation was to develop and validate a revision of a widely used measure of societal influences on body image and eating disturbances-the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent samples of college females completed a revision and extension of the SATAQ and factor analyses were conducted to determine the underlying structure of the revised scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analyses indicated two distinct internalization factors: one appeared to reflect a generic media influence related to TV, magazines, and movies. A second factor clearly reflected internalization of athletic and sports figures. Two other factors, reflecting media pressures and media as an informational source, also emerged. Another widely used measure of thin-ideal internalization, the Ideal Body Internalization Scale-Revised (IBIS-R), was included in factor analyses to determine its empirical relationship with the revised SATAQ. None of the IBIS-R items loaded with any of the internalization items or items reflective of media pressures or information. Instead, the IBIS-R appeared to tap into an awareness of appearance norms dimension. The SATAQ-3 subscales had excellent convergent validity with measures of body image and eating disturbance. Eating-disturbed and eating-disordered samples had higher scores on SATAQ-3 subscales than a control sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SATAQ-3 measures multiple aspects of a societal influence and should prove useful for basic risk factor work as well as for gauging the efficacy of prevention and treatment programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620-8200, USA. thompsonjk2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roehrig
authors.forename: Angela S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Guarda
authors.forename: Leslie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Heinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001828:Body Image; D003469:Culture; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012928:Social Desirability; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires