title: Treatment of exogenous ochronosis with a Q-switched alexandrite (755 nm) laser.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exogenous ochronosis is a cutaneous disorder characterized by blue-black or slate-gray hyperpigmentation resulting from the prolonged use of certain topical agents, most commonly hydroquinones. It is notoriously difficult to treat.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the effectiveness of a quality-switched (QS) 755-nm alexandrite laser in treating hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis in two patients was treated with a QS alexandrite laser. The first patient received six treatments (average fluence=7.8 J/cm(2)) at 2-month intervals. The second patient received four treatments (average fluence=6.9 J/cm(2)) at 4-month intervals. Biopsies of lesional skin were obtained before and after laser treatment for histologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant lightening of the pigmented skin areas was achieved in both patients without scarring or textural changes. Decreased dermal pigmentation was observed on histologic examination of treated skin specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QS alexandrite laser can effectively treat exogenous ochronosis without untoward side effects.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Supriya G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bellew
authors.forename: Tina S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Alster
mesh_terms: D001608:Beryllium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000601:surgery*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009794:Ochronosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D006873:Hydroquinones; D008903:Minerals; C112654:alexandrite; D001608:Beryllium; C031927:hydroquinone