title: GnRHa flare and IVF pregnancy rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  GnRH agonist administered early in the menstrual cycle (flare) causes an endogenous discharge of FSH and LH. Flare has been used in conjunction with gonadotropin ovarian stimulation for IVF 'poor responders'. There is an ongoing controversy regarding whether flare protocols improve pregnancy rates in 'poor responders'. The current study was designed to compare a GnRHa flare protocol with long suppression GnRHa IVF in 'poor responders'.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three newly diagnosed poor responders who failed long GnRHa suppression IVF attempts were compared retrospectively with 128 age-matched IVF patients previously known poor ovarian responders treated with a long GnRHa suppression protocol. 'Poor responders' consisted of patients with peak E(2) less than 1000 pg/ml and/or less than five mature follicles with diameter >15 mm on the day of hCG administration. Student's t-test was used to analyze the data and the chi-squared test was used to compare fertilization and pregnancy rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flare protocol produced higher peak E(2) levels (1647+/-747 vs. 720+/-258 mIU/ml, P<0.05) and a larger number of mature follicles (5.8+/-2.2 vs. 4.0+/-1.0 P<0.05) in the study vs. the control group. A 30% pregnancy rate was achieved during this second IVF attempt using GnRHa flare protocol in the study group vs. 37 in the control group (P>0.05, NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comparison between the flare protocol group and the age-matched control group of poor ovarian responders subject to down regulation protocol, revealed higher peak E(2) levels and more mature follicles, respectively. However, both groups yielded comparable pregnancy rates. The use of high dose gonadotropin treatment in our study groups seems to be the only explanation for their subsequent successful outcome. We concluded that GnRH agonist flare protocol does not result in better IVF outcome compared with long GnRH agonist suppression protocol in IVF poor responders.
authors.affiliation: Department of OB/GYN, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA. e-confino@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Confino
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kazer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000502:physiology; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human / Q000502:physiology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010060:Ovulation; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; C083781:LHRH, Ala(6)-Gly(10)-ethylamide-; D016729:Leuprolide