title: Analysis of the DAZ gene family in cryptorchidism and idiopathic male infertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether partial deletions of the DAZ gene family on the Y chromosome are associated with cryptorchidism, similar to that found for complete AZF deletions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 193 azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men: 95 with a history of cryptorchidism and 98 classified as idiopathic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-part study for Y chromosome microdeletions was performed: a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis for complete AZF deletions and partial DAZ gene analysis by PCR-restriction digestion assay for single-family variants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence and type of AZF deletions and number of DAZ genes present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of complete AZF deletions was similar in idiopathic (13.3%) and cryptorchid men (11.6%), but partial DAZ deletions were found only in infertile subjects without cryptorchidism (7.1%). The testicular phenotype was similar in men with complete AZF deletions and partial DAZ deletions, therefore the contribution of the other AZF genes in determining the spermatogenic impairment is still unclear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the loss of only some copies of DAZ is sufficient to lead to severe male infertility, but it is not a frequent finding in cryptorchid men.
authors.affiliation: University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlin
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bettella
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tessari
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salata
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dallapiccola
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foresta
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000235:genetics*; D000075364:Deleted in Azoospermia 1 Protein; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D005810:Multigene Family; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C095668:DAZ1 protein, human; D000075364:Deleted in Azoospermia 1 Protein; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins