Adjunctive applications for botulinum toxin in facial aesthetic surgery.
Botulinum toxin (Botox) has firmly established itself as one of the premier nonsurgical therapies. Recently, Botox is also being used as an adjuvant to many aesthetic procedures, both surgical and nonsurgical. This combined therapeutic use for Botox may not only create an added benefit toward facial rejuvenation but may create a synergistic one as well. This article examines such uses for Botox and reviews the current medical literature.
Zimbler
Marc S
MS
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square East, Suite 4J, New York, NY 10003, USA. mzimbler@bethisraelny.org
Nassif
Paul S
PS
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015361:Rhytidoplasty
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A