title: Enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of recycled newspaper by addition of surfactant in ammonia-hydrogen peroxide pretreatment.
abstract: The effect of surfactant on enzymatic digestibility was investigated during the pretreatment stage. Newspaper was pretreated with an ammonia-hydrogen peroxide mixture on a shaking bath at 40 degrees C and 130 strokes/min for 3 h. Two kinds of nonionic surfactants, NP series and Tween series, were utilized. The effect of hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of both series surfactants on digestibility was found to be negligible, even though de-inking efficiency was improved as HLB value was increased. The effect of surfactant loading on digestibility was small, below 0.5 wt%, and negligible above 0.5 wt% at 60 international filter paper units (IFPU). The percentage improvement in digestibility increased as enzyme loading decreased. Digestibility of NP-5-added sample relative to control sample, increased significantly at an enzyme loading <60 IFPU, i.e., 19 and 13% at 15 and 30 IFPU, respectively. Such an increase in digestibility was not explained clearly from the experimental results. It was also found that ink removal before enzymatic hydrolysis is very important to enhance digestibility.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Chemical Engineering and EBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. sb_kim@nongae.gsnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Sung Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009524:Newspapers as Topic; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000431:Ethanol; D000641:Ammonia; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide