title: Early legal cases on appeal that became case law for osteopaths and chiropractors.
abstract: This is a limited chronology of some early legal cases wherein doctors of osteopathy and chiropractic were charged with practicing without a license prior to legalization of their respective professions. This is followed by appeals of their guilty verdicts to higher courts for what they hoped would be a favorable verdict. Not all medical-practice acts contained identical language to thwart empiricism in states, thus court verdicts became pivotal for future trials, to appeals, as case law examples of statue interpretation by the same or other states.
authors.affiliation: rbjaxon@aol.com
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D002684:Chiropractic / Q000266:history*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007603:Jurisprudence / Q000266:history*; D010021:Osteopathic Medicine / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States