title: Psychopathology risk transmission in children of parents with substance use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children of fathers with substance use disorders are at increased risk for psychopathology, including conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. This study examined the distinct influences of parent substance use disorder and other psychopathology in the transmission of the risk for psychopathology to their children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 1,167 children (ages 6-14 years; 62% were male, 38% were female) from 613 families recruited according to a high-risk paradigm. Of these families, 294 had fathers with a substance use disorder (high-risk group), and 319 had fathers without a substance use disorder or other mental disorder (low-risk group). In all families, father, mother, and children were directly assessed. Mixed-effects ordinal regression analyses controlled for the nested data structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For conduct disorder, ADHD, major depression, and anxiety disorders, the results indicated that the predominant predictor of specific mental disorders in offspring was a history of the corresponding disorders in both parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support specific parent-child transmission for childhood psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. clarkdb@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: Duncan B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: D Scott
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanyukov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*