title: Burn septicaemia in Kuwait: associated demographic and clinical factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the demographic and clinical factors associated with burn septicaemia patients in Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  All burn in-patients, who developed septicaemia at the Burns Unit, Al-Babtain Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Kuwait, during a 9-year period (June 1992 to May 2001) were included in the study. The data were recorded for age, sex, nationality, cause and percentage of burns, inhalation injury, resuscitation, number of episodes, septicaemia on post-burn day, the microorganisms responsible in each episode, treatment and outcome for statistical analysis. Using SPSS (PC version 11.0) software, a probability level of p < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2,082 patients treated in the Burns Unit, 166 [8%; 99 (60%) males and 67 (40%) females] with a mean age of 26 years (range 1-70) had septicaemia. Significantly higher (p < 0.001) cases were recorded among Kuwaiti children (< or =14 years) and non-Kuwaitis (25-59 years) than other corresponding age groups. The total body surface area burned ranged from 2 to 95% (mean 42%) and the main cause of burn was flame (77.1%). Inhalation injury was diagnosed in 39 (23.5%) patients. A total of 253 septicaemic episodes occurred in all patients. The majority, 123 (74.1%), had a single episode and the remaining 43 (25.6%) had multiple (2-10) episodes. One hundred and fifty-five (61.3%) episodes were due to gram-positive organisms, mainly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 32 (12.7%) were polymicrobial. One hundred and twenty-four (74.7%) patients had wound excision and skin grafting procedures and their survival was significantly higher (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.98-9.31) than non-surgically treated patients. Thirty-nine (23.5%) patients died mainly due to multi-organ failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that the patients with extensive flame burns were prone to developing septicaemia due mainly to gram-positive bacteria. The surgical excision of eschar and wound covering improved the outcome of the patients while prophylactic antibiotic treatment had no role in the incidence and outcome of the burn patients.
authors.affiliation: Al-Babtain Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Rameshwar L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Prem N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Suhas C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.forename: Sarla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Mohammed K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002053:Burn Units; D002056:Burns / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007730:Kuwait / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*