title: Physical and functional interaction of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I signaling elements.
abstract: GH and IGF-I are critical regulators of growth and metabolism. GH interacts with the GH receptor (GHR), a cytokine superfamily receptor, to activate the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and initiate intracellular signaling cascades. IGF-I, produced in part in response to GH, binds to the heterotetrameric IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), which is an intrinsic tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor that triggers proliferation, antiapoptosis, and other biological actions. Previous in vitro and overexpression studies have suggested that JAKs may interact with IGF-IR and that IGF-I stimulation may activate JAKs. In this study, we explore interactions between GHR-JAK2 and IGF-IR signaling pathway elements utilizing the GH and IGF-I-responsive 3T3-F442A and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell lines, which endogenously express both the GHR and IGF-IR. We find that GH induces formation of a complex that includes GHR, JAK2, and IGF-IR in these preadipocytes. The assembly of this complex in intact cells is rapid, GH concentration dependent, and can be prevented by a GH antagonist, G120K. However, it is not inhibited by the kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, which markedly inhibits GHR tyrosine phosphorylation. Moreover, complex formation does not appear dependent on GH-induced activation of the ERK or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways or on the tyrosine phosphorylation of GHR, JAK2, or IGF-IR. These results suggest that GH-induced formation of the GHR-JAK2-IGF-IR complex is governed instead by GH-dependent conformational change(s) in the GHR and/or JAK2. We further demonstrate that GH and IGF-I can synergize in acute aspects of signaling and that IGF-I enhances GH-induced assembly of conformationally active GHRs. These findings suggest the existence of previously unappreciated relationships between these two hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0012, USA.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sung-Oh
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D003720:Densitometry; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006031:Glycosylation; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004220:Disulfides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D008156:Luciferases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2