title: The effect of genetic differences and ovarian failure: intact cognitive function in adult women with premature ovarian failure versus turner syndrome.
abstract: Premature ovarian failure (POF) is generally defined as amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and elevated gonadotropins occurring in a woman before the age of 40 yr. Usually, the etiology is unknown. Turner syndrome (TS, monosomy X), also associated with ovarian failure, has a characteristic neurocognitive profile. TS females, as a group, have specific deficits in visual-spatial abilities, visual-perceptual abilities, motor function, nonverbal memory, executive function, and attentional abilities. Observed deficits in TS could be due to endocrine (estrogen deficiency) or genetic factors. If early estrogen deficiency contributes to the cognitive deficits in TS, women with POF would also be at risk for similar findings. The objective of this work was to examine the specific cognitive profile in women with POF and compare it with women with TS and normal female controls. We compared two unique populations (women with POF vs. TS), both with earlier estrogen deficiency. The TS group only had a major genetic deficiency, absence of all or part of one X chromosome. We evaluated the cognitive performance of estrogen-repleted women with POF (n = 89), compared with verbal IQ- and socioeconomic status-matched females with TS (n = 94) and controls (n = 96). Performance by the POF population was similar to that of controls and differed from the TS population. In contrast, TS adults had relative difficulty with measures of spatial/perceptual skills, visual-motor integration, affect recognition, visual memory, attention, and executive function. These deficits are apparent in TS women, despite apparently adequate estrogen treatment. The cognitive phenotypes of women with POF and normal controls are similar and differ from women with TS, indicating that prior estrogen deficiency does not have a major impact on cognitive function in adult females. The genetic deficiencies of women with TS most likely account for their specific cognitive phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. judith.ross@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Gerry A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Stefanatos
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bondy
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roeltgen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior