title: Association between congenital cardiovascular malformations and neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the association between neuroblastoma and congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCM), previously described in case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiogram and chart reviews of a series of 158 patients with neuroblastoma and a control group of 192 children with leukemia were performed. The proportion of patients with CCM in each group was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen of the 70 (20%) patients with neuroblastoma and echocardiography had CCM, compared with 7 of the 192 (3.6%) patients with leukemia with echocardiograms (P=.0001). If all of the patients with neuroblastoma without echocardiograms (n=88) are considered to have normal cardiac anatomy, this difference remains significant (14 of 158 patients with neuroblastoma have CCM detected [8.9%] versus 7 of 192 patients with leukemia [3.6%]; P=.045). Neural crest-derived CCM were more common in patients with neuroblastoma, detected in 5 of 70 patients with neuroblastoma versus 2 of 192 patients with leukemia (P=.016). Congenital cardiovascular malformations in patients with neuroblastoma were associated with a cancer diagnosis at age less than 1 year and a lower neuroblastoma stage, but there was no association with tumor MYCN amplification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuroblastoma and CCM may be associated. We recommend echocardiography for CCM screening in patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. rani_george@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Rani E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lipsitz
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Colan
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology