title: Stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: the issue of transdifferentiation.
abstract: In the past few years research on stem cells has exploded as a tool to develop potential therapies to treat incurable neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cell transplantation has been effective in several animal models, but the underlying restorative mechanisms are still unknown. Several events such as cell fusion, neurotrophic factor release, endogenous stem cell proliferation, and transdifferentiation (adult cell acquisition of new unexpected identities) may explain therapeutic success, in addition to replacement of lost cells. This issue needs to be clarified further to maximize the potential for effective therapies. Preliminary stem transplantation trials have already been performed for some neurodegenerative diseases. There is no effective pharmacological treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but recent preliminary data both in experimental and clinical settings have targeted it as an ideal candidate disease for the development of stem cell therapy in humans. This review summarizes recent advances gained in stem cell research applied to neurodegenerative diseases with a special emphasis to the criticisms put forward.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan Medical School, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cova
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ratti
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volta
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fogh
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbo
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002459:Cell Fusion; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors