title: Effects of prolonged exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol on toxicity and indices of oestrogenic exposure in the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus, Pallas).
abstract: Alkylphenolic compounds are present in estuarine and marine environments. They are moderately bioaccumulative, and oestrogenic to fish following three week, in vivo, exposures. The effects of prolonged exposure are, as yet, unclear. Sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) were exposed to measured concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) in a 28-day, dose-ranging study, and a six month temporal response study. Following 28-days exposure to measured 31+/-6 or 101+/-47 microg l(-1) OP (mean+/-SD), immature male sand goby showed elevated vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression. Plasma alkali-labile phosphate concentrations were elevated in both sexes and were higher in females than males. Although measured OP concentrations were variable, they were significantly different for each treatment and a range of concentration-dependent effects were observed. The LC(50) for chronic OP exposure (8 weeks) was 29+/-6 microg l(-1), and both sexes demonstrated concentration and duration dependent increases in VTG mRNA expression. Exposure to 28+/-20 microg l(-1) OP (median+/-95% CI) for 6 months inhibited development of male nuptial colouration and sperm duct glands. These findings are discussed in relation to environmental concentrations of alkylphenols and ecological concerns.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries Research Services, Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK. c.robinson@marlab.ac.uk
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Colin F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Moffat
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005835:Genitalia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012606:Scotland; D012623:Seawater; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010710:Phosphates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol