title: Kinetics and localization of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, heat shock protein 70, and interferon gamma during intestinal-rerfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents an exaggerated inflammatory cascade with a complex pathophysiology. IL-2, IL-6, HSP70, and INF-gamma are mediators of the inflammatory process. Therefore, we investigated their kinetics and localization during intestinal IRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pig intestinal specimens were obtained during cold preservation (cold ischemia time 2 hours) and extracorporeal perfusion. Mucosal damage was graded according to the Chiu classification. MRNA expression was determined by Northern blot (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma) or by quantitative RT-PCR (IL-6, HSP70) and localized by in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologically, mucosal damage occurred during reperfusion. Expression of IL-2 mRNA was up-regulated after HTK perfusion and was highest at the start and 7 hours after reperfusion. Expression of IL-6 mRNA increased at 2 hours after reperfusion and HSP70 at 3 hours after reperfusion. IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed after HTK perfusion, with expression of this cytokine increasing to 1 hour after the start of reperfusion, and decreasing thereafter. IL-2 mRNA was localized to endothelial cells (EC) and leukocytes and in close relation to ganglion cells (GC): IL-6 mRNA in EC, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and GC: HSP70 mRNA in EC and SMC; and IFN-gamma mRNA in leukocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-2, IL-6, HSP70, and INF-gamma are parameters of early mRNA expression during intestinal IRI. EC, SMC, leukocytes, and GC have been identified as sources of transcripts that might afford potential targets for intervention strategies to attenuate IRI.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fändrich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ringe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger