title: Monthly variations of urinary stone colic in Iran and its relationship to the fasting month of Ramadan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of Renal Colic (RC) in Ramadan (the month of fasting for Moslems) with other months of the lunar year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 574 subjects, who were admitted in the two medical centers of Varamin (a city in a hot region of Iran), were reviewed in order to estimate the time trend of RC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 398 males (69.3%) and 176 females (30.7%). Twenty-seven males (62.8%) and 16 females (37.2%) were admitted in Ramadan; and 371 males (69.9%) and 160 females (30.1%) in other months (p<0.4) of the year. RCs were more common in June (68 patients, 11.8%), July (65 patients, 11.3%) and November (60 patients, 10.5%). Forty-three subjects (7.5%) admitted in Ramadan; the frequency was not significantly different from mean admission of the year (48.3 +/- 17 patients). There was also no significant difference between frequency of admissions in Ramadan and mean admission during cold half of the year (36.8 +/- 18.34 patients, p = 0.3). Mean admission (64.4 +/- 3.3 patients) in warm seasons were significantly higher than Ramadan (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of difference in the two groups indicates that higher temperature rather than fasting as a cause for RCs.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Labbafi Nejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basiri
authors.forename: S M M H
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khoddam
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nejad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hakimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002980:Climate; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology*