title: GM1 ganglioside regulates the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein.
abstract: Plaques containing amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta) are a major feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and GM1 ganglioside is an important component of cellular plasma membranes and especially enriched in lipid raft. GM1-bound Abeta (GM1/Abeta), found in brains exhibiting early pathological changes of AD including diffuse plaques, has been suggested to be involved in the initiation of amyloid fibril formation in vivo by acting as a seed. However, the role of GM1 in amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) processing is not yet defined. In this study, we report that exogenous GM1 ganglioside promotes Abeta biogenesis and decreases sAPPalpha secretion in SH-SY5Y and COS7 cells stably transfected with human APP695 cDNA without affecting full-length APP and the sAPPbeta levels. We also observe that GM1 increases extracellular levels of Abeta in primary cultures of mixed rat cortical neurons transiently transfected with human APP695 cDNA. These findings suggest a regulatory role for GM1 in APP processing pathways.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beyreuther
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D019556:COS Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D010450:Endopeptidases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C509280:BACE1 protein, human