title: Synergy between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and retinoic acid receptor-alpha in regulation of the surfactant protein B gene in the lung.
abstract: During respiratory cycles, airborne particles and pathogens are inhaled into the lung, which can cause cytokine production by respiratory macrophages and inflammatory responses. Secreted cytokines affect surfactant protein expression and homeostasis in the lung. In coculturing experiments in vitro, bronchoalveolar macrophages stimulated human surfactant protein B (hSP-B) gene transcription in primary alveolar type II epithelial cells in lipopolysaccharide-independent and -dependent ways. Neutralization by IL-6 antibody abolished lipopolysaccharide-dependent macrophage stimulation of hSP-B gene transcription. IL-6 treatment enhanced signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 phosphorylation at Y705 in alveolar type II epithelial cells and Clara cells in vivo. Biochemical analysis of functional domain swapping between Stat1 and Stat3 identified that the SH2 domain and the DNA binding domain are critical for Stat3 stimulation of hSP-B gene transcription. Glutathione-S-transferase pull-down study determined functional domains required for protein-protein interaction between Stat3 and retinoic acid receptor-alpha. Cotransfection of Stat3 and retinoic acid receptor-alpha into respiratory epithelial cells resulted in synergistic DNA binding and transcriptional activation on the hSP-B gene. To assess Stat3 physiological function, overexpression of a dominant negative Stat3 in respiratory epithelial cells in a doxycycline-controlled double transgenic mouse line caused pulmonary emphysema and increase of animal death during hyperoxia. Therefore, the IL-6/Stat3 signaling axis plays an important role in surfactant protein homeostasis and respiratory inflammation in the lung.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Angelynn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cowen
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D000860:Hypoxia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011510:Proteolipids; C000607071:RARA protein, human; C000607072:Rara protein, mouse; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; C105511:surfactant protein B propeptide; D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004318:Doxycycline