title: Use of recombinant ApxIV in serodiagnosis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections, development and prevalidation of the ApxIV ELISA.
abstract: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, which causes worldwide severe losses in pig farming. The virulence of the 15 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae is mainly determined by the three major RTX toxins ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII, which are secreted by the different serotypes in various combinations. A fourth RTX toxin, ApxIV, is produced by all 15 serotypes only during infection of pigs, but not under in vitro conditions. Pigs infected with A. pleuropneumoniae show specific antibodies directed against ApxIV. In contrast, antibodies against the other three toxins ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII are also found in pigs free of A. pleuropneumoniae. The antibodies to the three latter might result from other, less pathogenic Actinobacillus species such as A. rossii and A. suis. We used a recombinant protein based on the N'-terminal part of ApxIV to serologically detect A. pleuropneumoniae infections in pigs by immunoblot analysis. The analysis of sera of experimentally infected pigs revealed that ApxIV-immunoblots detected A. pleuropneumoniae infections in the second to third week post infection. We developed an indirect ELISA based on the purified recombinant N'-terminal moiety of ApxIV. The analysis of sera from pigs that were experimentally or naturally infected by A. pleuropneumoniae, and of sera of pigs that were free of A. pleuropneumoniae, revealed that the ELISA had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.8%. The pre-validation study of the ApxIV-ELISA revealed that the latter was able to detect A. pleuropneumoniae-positive herds, even when clinical and pathological signs of porcine pleuropneumonia were not evident. Pigs vaccinated with a subunit vaccine Porcilis App were serologically negative in the ApxIV-ELISA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, Laenggass-Strasse 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dreyfus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nivollet
authors.forename: R P A M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Segers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobisch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mieli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soerensen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hüssy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miserez
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inderbitzin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frey
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005602:France; D007700:Kinetics; D011001:Pleuropneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: C122177:ApxIVA protein, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins