title: Effect of prenatal diagnosis on outcomes in D-transposition of the great arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  By decreasing preoperative morbidity, prenatal diagnosis could improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with critical congenital heart disease. We explored the impact of prenatal diagnosis on perinatal and perioperative variables and on outcomes at 1 year of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a database of children enrolled in prospective studies on surgical support techniques from 1988 to 2000. Selection criteria included a diagnosis of D-transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum or ventricular septal defect, no extracardiac congenital anomalies, birth weight >2.3 kg, and repair by arterial switch procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 346 patients at enrollment, 25 had a prenatal diagnosis, and 321 did not. Children with prenatal diagnosis, compared with those without, had a lower likelihood of birth by spontaneous labor, lower birth weights, lower Apgar 5 scores, a higher rate of preoperative endotracheal intubation, and surgery at a younger age. They tended to have a lower incidence of fetal distress during labor. At 1 year of age, 272 patients were tested with the Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales. Mean z scores were similar in those with and without prenatal diagnosis for both Psychomotor Development Index (-0.92 +/- 0.93 vs -0.88 +/- 1.05) and Mental Development Index (-0.29 +/- 1.13 vs -0.41 +/- 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants with D-transposition of the great arteries with and without prenatal diagnosis differed with respect to perinatal and perioperative variables, but their development at 1 year of age was similar. Future studies should include a greater number of children with prenatal diagnosis and a variety of congenital heart lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jodi M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wypij
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bellinger
authors.forename: Leonard A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Heffner
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Jane W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Newburger
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004452:Echocardiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006128:Growth; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal