title: Patients' preferences for involvement in treatment decision making in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of previous studies have suggested that the Japanese have few opportunities to participate in medical decision-making, as a result both of entrenched physician paternalism and national characteristics of dependency and passivity. The hypothesis that Japanese patients would wish to participate in treatment decision-making if adequate information were provided, and the decision to be made was clearly identified, was tested by interview survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were diabetic patients at a single outpatient clinic in Kyoto. One of three case study vignettes (pneumonia, gangrene or cancer) was randomly assigned to each subject and, employing face-to-face interviews, the subjects were asked what their wishes would be as patients, for treatment information, participation in decision-making and family involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  134 patients participated in the study, representing a response rate of 90%. The overall proportions of respondents who preferred active, collaborative, and passive roles were 12%, 71%, and 17%, respectively. Respondents to the cancer vignette were less likely to prefer an active role and were more likely to prefer family involvement in decision-making compared to non-cancer vignette respondents. If a physician's recommendation conflicted with their own wishes, 60% of the respondents for each vignette answered that they would choose to respect the physician's opinion, while few respondents would give the family's preference primary importance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggested that a majority of Japanese patients have positive attitudes towards participation in medical decision making if they are fully informed. Physicians will give greater patient satisfaction if they respond to the desire of patients for participation in decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. mihoseki@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Etsuyo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: Tsuguya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imanaka
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005190:Family; D005734:Gangrene / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure