title: Prospective randomized trial of intrapleural bleomycin versus interferon alfa-2b via ultrasound-guided small-bore chest tube in the palliative treatment of malignant pleural effusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare bleomycin pleurodesis and immunotherapy with intrapleural interferon alfa-2b (IFN) in the palliation of malignant pleural effusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty patients with rapidly recurrent malignant pleural effusion were randomly assigned to intrapleural bleomycin (83 patients) or IFN (77 patients). A 9-French intrapleural catheter was placed under sonographic guidance, and pleural effusion was completely drained before starting the treatment. Bleomycin 0.75 mg/kg was administered as a single dose. An additional dose was given if daily fluid output did not drop to less than 100 mL/d within 3 days. IFN 1 million units/10 kg was administered for six courses at 4-day intervals. Thirty-day and long-term responses were evaluated under the intention-to-treat principle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-day response was 84.3% in the bleomycin arm and 62.3% in IFN arm (P =.002). Median time to progression was 93 days (range, 12 to 395 days) in bleomycin group, and 59 days (range, 7 to 292 days) in the IFN group (P <.001). Median survival was 96 days (range, 15 to 395) and 85 days (range, 16 to 292) in the bleomycin and IFN groups, respectively. Twenty-three patients received two doses of bleomycin, as their daily fluid output remained higher than 100 mL after the first dose. Thirteen of them had complete response, which lasted until death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrapleural bleomycin is more effective than IFN and is a valid option for the palliative treatment of massive, rapidly recurrent malignant pleural effusions. The administration of a second dose of bleomycin to patients not responding to the first one can remarkably improve the overall outcome of the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, St Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy. srs@unife.it
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tassinari
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ceccotti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tombesi
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trevisani
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Abbasciano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002404:Catheterization; D015505:Chest Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018700:Pleurodesis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001761:Bleomycin