Glenohumeral arthropathy after arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization.
OBJECTIVE
We present 5 cases of iatrogenic arthropathy after arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction using a metallic suture anchor.


METHODS
Retrospective case series.


METHODS
Five patients with pain and crepitus on motion were referred to our institution for further evaluation of the previous procedure on anterior shoulder instability. Screw-type metallic suture anchors were used in all cases. All patients were men, with an average age of 23 years (range, 21 to 26). Surgical records on previous procedure were reviewed, and the clinical symptoms were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the Rowe scoring system. The secondary surgery for each patient was performed at an average of 12 months (range, 7 to 20) after the initial arthroscopic stabilization, except in one patient who wanted to postpone the revision surgery.


RESULTS
Protrusion of the anchor tip was seen in all and chondral defects in the humeral head with some degree of synovitis were also seen. Slight differences between preoperative and postoperative pain were seen, but almost no improvement in function, including range of motion, stability, and average Rowe score were seen after the second procedure. Patients who underwent revision surgery were dissatisfied with the final outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Careful attention should be paid when using a metallic suture anchor. A secure, buried placement of the anchor is required in arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction. Poorly placed suture anchors may damage the glenohumeral joint, and if these are not corrected either at arthroscopic surgery or shortly after, the results can be suboptimal. If a patient complains of unusual mechanical symptoms after using anchors, radiographs should be performed. This kind of serious complication can be discovered earlier to prevent the severe destruction of the glenohumeral joint.


METHODS
Level IV.
Rhee
Yong Girl
YG
Shoulder & Elbow Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. shoulderrhee@hanmail.net
Lee
Dong-Hun
DH
Chun
In Ho
IH
Bae
Sung Chul
SC
D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017211:Treatment Failure