title: Comparison of drug-related problems in different patient groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of knowledge concerning how drug-related problems (DRPs) vary in different patient groups. Possible dissimilarities need to be taken into consideration when guidelines for detecting and preventing DRPs are compiled.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize and compare the frequency and categories of DRPs in different groups of hospitalized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients admitted to 4 different types of departments at 5 hospitals in Norway were included consecutively. Medical records and information acquired at multidisciplinary morning meetings were sources for assessing the patients' DRPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 827 patients were included. Mean age was 70.8 years, 58.6% were female, and 81% had at least one DRP. An average of 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, and 2.3 DRPs per patient were found in the departments of cardiology, geriatrics, respiratory medicine, and rheumatology, respectively. Significant differences in the type of DRPs between the patient groups were found. The most frequent DRPs and the patient group in which they most often occurred were nonoptimal dose (cardiology, respiratory, geriatric) and need for additional drug (rheumatology).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRPs occurred in the majority of the patients in all departments. The type of DRP differed markedly between the patient groups. Knowledge of these differences is clinically valuable by enabling us to guide efforts toward prevention of DRPs. Antithrombotic agents, loop diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, penicillins, antiinflammatory drugs, and opioid analgesics commonly caused DRPs, even in departments where knowledge of these drugs is assumed to be extensive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Diakonhjemmet Hospital Pharmacy, Box 23 Vinderen, NO-0319 Oslo, Norway. kviktil@online.no
authors.forename: Kirsten K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Viktil
authors.forename: Hege S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Blix
authors.forename: Aasmund
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reikvam
authors.forename: Tron A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Moger
authors.forename: Bodil J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hjemaas
authors.forename: Elspeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Walseth
authors.forename: Tine F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Vraalsen
authors.forename: Piia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pretsch
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004363:Drug Utilization; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors