title: Anisole, a new dopant for atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry of low proton affinity, low ionization energy compounds.
abstract: Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is a novel method of ionization in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). It was originally developed in order to broaden the range of LC/MS ionizable compounds towards less polar compounds that cannot be analyzed by electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Studies done thus far have shown that non-polar compounds that earlier were not ionizable in LC/MS can indeed be ionized by the use of APPI. However, the best ionization efficiency for low polarity samples has been achieved with low proton affinity (PA) solvents that are not suitable in reversed-phase LC (RP-LC). Here it is demonstrated that the signals for analytes with low proton affinities in acetonitrile can be increased 100-fold by using anisole as the dopant for APPI, which takes the sensitivity to the same level achieved in the analysis of high PA analytes.
authors.affiliation: University Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tiina J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostiainen
authors.forename: Andries P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bruins
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D000840:Anisoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D011522:Protons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000840:Anisoles; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011522:Protons; D014050:Toluene; D013739:Testosterone; C060998:anisole; C032159:acetonitrile