title: Spectrum of hepatocellular carcinoma at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to review etiological and clinical features of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at a tertiary care centre in past nine years. Relevant data on HCC in other parts of country and world were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had biopsy proven HCC were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic features were noted and positivity for serology. presence of cirrhosis. level of alpha-fetoprotein, tumour size and distribution of liver lesions were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 67 patients were found to have biopsy proven HCC. Mean age was 58.64 +/- 12.77 years. Males were 79%. Hepatitis B surface antigen was noted to be positive in 23% of the patients, who were tested and hepatitis C antibody was found to be positive in 67% of the patients who were tested. Alpha fetoprotein level was 632.09 +/- 1332.31. Cirrhosis was noted in 69% patients. Tumour size in patients with single lesion was 6.6 +/- 1.14 cm. Patients with single lesion had 70% time involvement of the left lobe and 30% times had involvement of the right lobe. Fifty one percent of the patients in this series had multilocular distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatocellular carcinoma has become a common tumour in Pakistan and studies are showing that this cancer is related to hepatitis C virus infection in majority of the patients. A large number of them have underlying cirrhosis and are multifocal in origin and are presented in an advanced condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad. drnkhokhar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khokhar
authors.forename: Ishma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aijazi
authors.forename: Muzaffar Latif
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D012189:Retrospective Studies