title: Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: the skövde population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with olfactory dysfunction appear repeatedly in ear, nose, and throat practices, but the prevalence of such problems in the general adult population is not known. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in an adult Swedish population and to relate dysfunction to age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, who were stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about olfaction, diabetes, and smoking habits. Examination was performed with a smell identification test and nasal endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 19.1%, composed of 13.3% with hyposmia and 5.8% with anosmia. A logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between impaired olfaction and aging, male gender, and nasal polyps, but not diabetes or smoking. In an analysis of a group composed entirely of individuals with anosmia, diabetes mellitus and nasal polyps were found to be risk factors, and gender and smoking were not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sample size of the population-based study was adequate, with a good fit to the entire population, which suggests that it was representative for the Swedish population. Prevalence data for various types of olfactory dysfunction could be given with reasonable precision, and suggested risk factors analyzed. The lack of a statistically significant relationship between olfactory dysfunction and smoking may be controversial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brämerson
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bende
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology