title: Preterm birth rates in Avon County, England, and urban Ukraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared rates of total and spontaneous preterm birth in Avon County, England and urban Ukraine to explore whether adverse conditions in the former eastern bloc influenced the preterm rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who had last menstrual period (LMP) in a specified time window were recruited from geographically defined areas. Data were gathered between 1992 and 1995, using maternal questionnaires and medical record abstraction, with comparable methods in both sites insofar as possible. There were 13731 births in Avon and 3087 in Ukraine. Rates of total and spontaneous preterm births were compared, taking account of maternal characteristics and other relevant variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total preterm birth rates were similar (5.9%, Ukraine; 5.5%, Avon) but the spontaneous preterm rate was about 60% higher in Ukraine (5.0% versus 3.1%). Maternal characteristics and measurement differences did not explain the discrepancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difference in the spontaneous preterm rates may reflect differences in obstetrical management resulting from shortages of medical supplies and equipment in Ukraine.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Beth C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gladen
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Birmingham
authors.forename: Zoreslava A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Shkyryak-Nyzhnyk
authors.forename: Nataliya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chyslovska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008423:Maternal Age; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009774:Obstetrics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D014455:Ukraine / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population