title: Complicated hydatid cysts of the lung: clinical and therapeutic issues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical presentation and the preoperative and postoperative complications associated with pulmonary hydatid cysts depend on whether the cyst is intact or ruptured. The aim of this study was to review the problems encountered in treating ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts and to highlight the risks associated with chemotherapy and the delay of surgical treatment in pulmonary hydatid disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records for 67 patients of pulmonary hydatidosis were retrospectively investigated. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether the pulmonary cyst was intact (group 1, n = 34) or complicated (group 2, n = 33). A complicated cyst was defined as one that had ruptured into a bronchus or into the pleural cavity. All patients were treated surgically. Data related to symptoms, preoperative complications, surgical procedures performed, postoperative morbidity, hospitalization time, and cyst recurrence were collected from each individual's records, and the group findings were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In most cases of intact pulmonary hydatid cysts, the lesions were either incidental findings or the patient had presented with cough, dyspnea and chest pain. In addition to these symptoms, the patients with complicated cyst had presented with problems such as expectoration of cystic contents, repetitive hemoptysis, productive sputum, and fever. The differences between the groups with respect to the rates of preoperative complications and postoperative morbidity, frequency of decortication, and hospital stay were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery is the primary mode of treatment for patients with pulmonary hydatid disease. Complicated cases have higher rates of preoperative and postoperative complications and require longer hospitalization time and more extensive surgical procedures than uncomplicated cases. This underlines the need for immediate surgery in any patient who is diagnosed with pulmonary hydatidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Inönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. akuzucu@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Akin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuzucu
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soysal
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozgel
authors.forename: Saim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yologlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004445:Echinococcosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous