title: High efficacy and minor renal effects of indomethacin treatment during individualized fluid intake in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and the renal side effects of indomethacin treatment for closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants during an individualized fluid regime that avoids hypovolaemia and subsequent prostaglandin-dependent renal perfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational retrospective analysis of the efficacy of indomethacin in premature infants with PDA treated in a single institution from June 1992 to May 2000. The clinical course and renal effects were analysed in the subgroup of infants born from June 1995 to May 2000. The management of infants at risk and the treatment of infants with PDA followed a standardized protocol that included echocardiographic screening for PDA, indomethacin treatment before congestive failure develops (early symptomatic treatment) and an individualized fluid intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 412 infants with a gestational age < or = 32 wk were identified. Fifty-six infants with a PDA (14%) were treated with indomethacin [mean birthweight 936 (95% confidence interval 866-1006) g; gestational age 27.3 (26.8-27.9) wk]. Indomethacin treatment was successful in 52 infants (93%). The clinical course and renal effects were analysed in 41 infants. Most infants received three indomethacin doses of 0.2 mg kg(-1) every 12 h. Urine output transiently decreased from 5.6 (4.6-6.4) to 4.6 (3.9-5.3) ml kg(-1) (h(-1). Serum creatinine temporarily increased from 0.90 (0.83-0.98) to 1.06 (0.87-1.24)mg dl(-1). Fluid intake was 158 (148-168) ml kg(-1) d(-1) before indomethacin and decreased to 142 (131-154) ml kg(-1) d(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indomethacin is very effective for closure of a PDA, even in very premature infants, and is not associated with clinically significant renal side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Philipp's University, Marburg, Germany. leonhard@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strehl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Seyberth
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D020896:Hypovolemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007213:Indomethacin