title: [Radiation-induced apoptosis: a new approach using infrared microspectroscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to characterize radiation-induced apoptosis in human cells using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FT-IRM) as a new analytical tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal human circulating lymphocytes were given a gamma ray dose of 6 Gy, or treated with t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOH). HaCaT keratinocytes were given a dose of 20 Gy. Cells were deposited on ZnS windows for infrared spectral acquisition 2 days and 2 h after irradiation and 2 h after t-BuOH treatment. Apoptosis was simultaneously assessed by flow cytometry analysis of cells displaying annexin-V-positive staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flow cytometry study showed that about 90% of sham and irradiated cells were annexin-V negative 2 h after irradiation. Two days after irradiation, 68% of lymphocytes and 76% of HaCaT cells were apoptotic, as well as 43% of lymphocytes treated with t-BuOH. In infrared spectra of these apoptotic cells, qualitative and quantitative changes were observed. In the 960-1245 and 1690-1720 cm-1 ranges, mainly attributed to nucleic acids, changes corresponding to conformational changes in DNA were associated with a decrease in the amount of detectable DNA. Conformational changes were also observed in secondary protein structure, in particular an increase in the amount of beta structures. These DNA and protein changes were associated with an increase in the detectable amount of lipids in apoptotic HaCaT cells only. Two hours after irradiation, depending on the dose and (or) the cell type, qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in the IR spectra in the amide I and amide II bands, mainly attributed to proteins. These changes were associated with a significant decrease in the 1700-1750 cm-1 range, mainly attributed to the -C=O ester groups of DNA and phospholipids, in the irradiated HaCaT cells only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are in agreement with biochemical published data on radiation-induced apoptosis, and show that DNA is the first cellular target of radiation-induced apoptosis, which, however, also requires conformational changes and synthesis of cell proteins. They also demonstrate that FT-IRM may be useful for assessing the early radiation damage at the molecular level in human cells.
authors.affiliation: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Radiobiologie-Radiopathologie, 18 Route du Panorama. BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gault
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Poncy
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lefaix
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D015591:Microspectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods