title: Walking, lipids, and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of walking on lipids and lipoproteins in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of walking on total cholesterol (TC), high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), the ratio of TC/HDL, and triglycerides (TG) in adults ages 18 years and older were retrieved via computerized literature searches, cross-referencing, hand-searching, and expert review of our reference list.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five studies that included 1,176 subjects (692 walkers, 484 controls) and up to 33 outcomes were available for pooling. Using random-effects modeling, statistically significant, walking-induced decreases of 5% and 6% were observed for LDL-C and TC/HDL-C (LDL-C, mean +/- SE, -5.5 +/- 2.2 mg/dL, 95% CI, -9.9 to -1.2 mg/dL; TC/HDL-C, mean +/- SE, -0.3 +/- 0.1, 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.1). No statistically significant changes were observed for TC, HDL, or TG (P > 0.05), although changes were in the direction of benefit. No statistically significant changes occurred in body composition (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Walking reduces LDL-C and TC/HDL-C in adults independent of changes in body composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA. gkelley@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Kristi S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Zung Vu
authors.initials: ZV
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol