title: Comparison of subdermal and peritumoral injection techniques of lymphoscintigraphy to determine the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate 2 different injection techniques for lymphoscintigraphy to determine the axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with early breast cancer were studied prospectively. Both peritumoral (PT) and subdermal (SD) injections were performed on each patient with Tc-99m rhenium sulfide colloid. PT injections were done 1 to 8 days before surgery and SD injections were done on the day of operation. An intraoperative gamma probe was used to explore the axillary SLNs prior to tumor excision and axillary dissection. All surgical specimens were evaluated histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 19 of 36 patients, the same lymphatic drainage sites were observed with both techniques. Of these, 17 patients showed only axillary, 1 showed axillary and internal mammary (IM), and 1 showed axillary and subclavicular drainage sites. With PT injections 26 of 36 patients (72%), and with SD injections 33 of 36 patients (92%), showed axillary drainage and axillary SLNs. With PT injections 9 patients, and with SD injections only 2 patients, did not show any drainage site. During the operation with a gamma probe, axillary SLNs were excised in 35 patients (success rate, 97%). IM drainage was seen in 8 of 36 patients who underwent PT injections and in 3 of 36 with SD injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate was found to be higher with the SD injection technique than with PT injections to visualize the axillary SLN. To increase the visualization of both axillary and IM SLNs, it may be useful to perform lymphoscintigraphy with SD and PT injections together.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul University, School of Medicine, Capa, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eroglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mudun
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berberoglu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Asoglu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muslumanoglu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bozfakioglu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuzlali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cantez
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012211:Rhenium; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D017556:Technetium Compounds; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D017556:Technetium Compounds; C030576:technetium Tc 99m rhenium colloid; C025484:iso-sulfan blue; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D012211:Rhenium