title: Measuring nursing home resident satisfaction with food and food service: initial testing of the FoodEx-LTC.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malnutrition impacts the quality of life and general health of many older persons living in our nation's 20,000 nursing homes (1). Despite the urgency of this issue, no instrument that measures resident satisfaction with food and food service was found in an extensive literature search. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and initial testing of a resident satisfaction with food and food service questionnaire (FoodEx-LTC) in the context of the Quality Nutrition Outcomes-Long-Term Care Model.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pilot study was conducted in two phases. During phase one the instrument was developed, peer-reviewed, and pretested. Phase two further tested the instrument using a correlational design, measuring both intermediate and long-term outcomes found on the Quality Nutrition Outcomes-Long-Term Care Model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypothesis testing was used to measure construct validity. 4 of 5 FoodEx-LTC domains were significantly correlated with depression, 2 of 5 with serum albumin. The FoodEx-LTC demonstrates acceptable reliability for a new instrument. The coefficient alpha scores ranged from.69-.87 and test-retest correlations ranged from.55-.89, dependent upon domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FoodEx-LTC appears to be a valid and reliable measure of resident food and food service satisfaction in nursing homes. This line of inquiry is of great importance because perceived quality of food and food service are strongly related to quality of life for residents in nursing homes, and adequate food intake is integral to maintaining weight and preventing protein-calorie malnutrition among elderly residents.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ 85721-0203, USA. ncrogan@nursing.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Neva L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Crogan
authors.forename: Bronwynne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velasquez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services / Q000592:standards*; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000592:standards*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires