title: Validation of a multisegment foot and ankle kinematic model for pediatric gait.
abstract: This paper reports the development, accuracy, reliability, and validation protocol of a four-segment pediatric foot and ankle model. The four rigid body segments include: 1) tibia and fibula; 2) hindfoot--talus, navicular, and calcaneus; 3) forefoot--cuboid, cuneiforms, and metatarsals; and 4) hallux. A series of Euler rotations compute relative angles between segments. Validation protocol incorporates linear and angular testing for accuracy and reliability. Linear static system resolution is greatest in the Y orientation at 0.10 +/- 0.14 mm and 0.05 level of significance and 99.96% accuracy. Dynamic linear resolution and accuracy are 0.43 +/- 0.39 mm and 99.8%, respectively. Angular dynamic resolution computes to 0.52 +/- 3.36 degrees at 99.6% accuracy. These calculations are comparable to the Milwaukee adult foot and ankle model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*