title: Associations between baseline risk factors and vertebral fracture risk in the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Study.
abstract: Different risk factors may influence the effectiveness of osteoporosis therapies. The interaction of 30 baseline risk factors and the effectiveness of raloxifene in the MORE study were assessed. The efficacy of raloxifene in reducing vertebral fractures is largely independent of the presence of clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fractures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The aim of this analysis was to determine the effect of different risk factors on the effectiveness of raloxifene to reduce vertebral fractures in the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) study using logistic regression models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association was assessed using univariate analyses and a multivariate model between 30 potential risk factors at baseline and the risk of vertebral fractures after 3 years in the placebo group, as well as the interaction of risk factors with raloxifene therapy (at a dose of 60 or 120 mg/day).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the univariate analysis of the placebo group, after adjusting for baseline lumbar spine BMD (LS BMD), short stature (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18), age (OR = 1.38), years since menopause (OR = 1.38), impaired cognitive function, visuospatial capabilities (OR = 1.19), impaired musculoskeletal strength (OR = 1.23), low femoral neck BMD (OR = 1.21), and prior vertebral fracture (OR = 4.95) were significantly associated with the incidence of new vertebral fractures. In the univariate analysis, significant interactions were observed between raloxifene treatment and age (p = 0.04), serum triglycerides (p = 0.03), LS BMD (p = 0.08), and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, the effectiveness of raloxifene was independent of almost all risk factors, with the exception of baseline serum triglyceride level and LS BMD, suggesting an increased efficacy of raloxifene in patients with increased triglyceride levels (p = 0.006) and lower LS BMD values (p = 0.008) at baseline. These data suggest that the efficacy of raloxifene in reducing vertebral fractures is largely independent of the presence of clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Johnell
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kanis
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poor
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pavo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014280:Triglycerides; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride