title: Minimal stimulation using recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist in women of advanced age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether minimal stimulation with short-term application of low-dose recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) together with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist represents a cost-effective treatment regimen for patients with elevated FSH levels, aged 40 and above.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academically affiliated private in vitro fertilization (IVF) program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five IVF cycles using minimal ovarian stimulation and 85 cycles with a standard long-stimulation protocol, conducted between January 2000 and January 2002, in women aged 40 and above who had slightly increased FSH levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients on the long protocol underwent standard cycle monitoring and stimulation. In contrast, women with minimal stimulation had transvaginal sonography initiated on day 8 of the menstrual cycle and at a follicle size of 13 mm. We administered 0.25 mg of GnRH antagonist and 75 IU recombinant FSH daily until ovulation induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numbers of oocytes, and rates of cancellation and pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimal stimulation cycles resulted in a clinical pregnancy rate of 8.2% per started cycle and 10% per embryo transfer (ET), whereas the control group yielded a clinical pregnancy rate of 10.6% per started cycle and of 10.7% per ET (not statistically significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women aged 40 and above with abnormal FSH levels, minimal stimulation protocol achieves similar pregnancy rates to a standard protocol, and thus represents a cost-effective alternative.
authors.affiliation: Wunschbabyzentrum Institute for Sterility Treatment, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weghofer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margreiter
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bassim
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sevelda
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beilhack
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feichtinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C062876:cetrorelix