title: A comparison of fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine examined by observational cohort studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the safety and side-effect profiles of the four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs), fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results from four observational cohort studies of the four SSRIs were compared. Each of these studies was conducted by Prescription-Event Monitoring (PEM). The exposure data were derived from general practitioner (GP) prescriptions confidentially supplied by the Prescription Pricing Authority (PPA) in England. Outcome data were obtained from questionnaires (green forms) on which the prescribing doctor recorded event data. The main findings comprised demographic information, including patients' date of birth and sex; the indication for prescribing the monitored drug; the effectiveness of the drug as perceived by the GP; the reasons for stopping treatment and all events recorded during and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final cohort for each of the four SSRIs exceeded 10,000 patients. The sex, age distributions and indications for prescribing the four SSRIs were very similar. Only 36% of the GPs expressing an opinion reported fluvoxamine as effective, compared with approximately 60% for fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine. Fluvoxamine was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events than the other three SSRIs. Nausea/vomiting was both the most frequent clinical reason for stopping all four SSRIs and the most frequently reported clinical event. Adverse events reported in patients aged 70 years and over were comparable with the events reported for the total cohorts. Differences were identified between the four SSRIs for less frequently reported adverse events. Withdrawal symptoms were significantly more frequent with paroxetine than the other three SSRIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from the four studies were comparable in terms of age distribution, sex of patients and indication for prescribing the drugs. Fluvoxamine had a considerably higher incidence of side-effects associated with its use than the other three SSRIs. The side-effect profiles of the four SSRIs were comparable for frequently reported events. Important differences were identified between the four SSRIs in respect of less frequently reported events. This study suggests that fluvoxamine compares unfavourably with fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine, both in terms of reported effectiveness and the incidence of adverse events. Biases possibly affecting the comparisons involved in this study are unlikely to account for the observed differences between fluvoxamine and the other three SSRIs.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety Research Unit, Bursledon Hall, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Freemantle
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mann