title: Bivoltametric titrations using electrodes with innovative geometry.
abstract: Electrodes with different surface areas were investigated for the determination of reversible, quasireversible, irreversible or electroinactive substrates. Two kinds of electrodes were constructed, a helical electrode with a given asymmetry and a platinum array electrode with a variable area. These electrodes were applied for the cerimetry of ammonium iron(II) sulfate and for the bromatometry of various organic substances. The theoretically derived effects on the shape of the voltametric titration curve are verified experimentally. It is possible to sharpen one side of the peak and to broaden the other side, depending on the system and the side of the peak one is interested in. It is possible to improve the bivoltametric determination of hydroquinone, benzocaine and sulfaguanidine by bromatometry by the directed employment of electrodes of different areas. For the bromatometric determination of electrochemically irreversible substrates the use of the electrode geometries proposed is a way to obtain a sharp bend and a steep decrease of titration curves with low values of the constant current which is a basic requirement for the accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy of the Humboldt-University Berlin, Goethestrasse 54, D-13086, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Surmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stark