title: Physical fitness and reverse cholesterol transport.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical exercise is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, which may be partly caused by the effect of exercise on the lipoprotein profile. The most consistent effect of exercise on lipoprotein metabolism is an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parameters of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in 25 endurance-trained male athletes were compared with 33 age-matched males enjoying an active lifestyle. VO2max was higher in athletes than in controls (53.4+/-1.2 versus 38.8+/-1.0 mL/min per kg; P<0.01). The following differences in parameters of RCT were found: (1) plasma HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels were higher in athletes compared with controls (1.7+/-0.1 versus 1.4+/-0.1 mmol/L; P<0.001; and 145+/-2 versus 128+/-3 mg/dL; P<0.001, respectively). Both correlated with VO2max up to the value of 51 mL/min per kg; (2) prebeta1-HDL was higher in athletes than in controls (54+/-4 versus 37+/-3 microg/mL; P<0.001) and correlated positively with VO2max; (3) lecithin cholesterol: acyltransferase activity was higher in athletes (29.8+/-1.2 versus 24.2+/-1.4 nmol/microL per hour; P<0.005); and (4) the capacity of plasma to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages was higher in athletes (18.8%+/-0.8% versus 16.2%+/-0.3%; P<0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The likely reason for higher HDL concentration in physically fit people is increased formation of HDL from apoA-I and cellular lipids.
authors.affiliation: Baker Heart Research Institute, (Wynn Domain), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olchawa
authors.forename: Bronwyn A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kingwell
authors.forename: Anh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nestel
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sviridov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005080:Exercise Test; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D007862:Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C506642:CETP protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D007862:Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase