title: Prediction of neurocognitive outcome in adult brain tumor patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative contributions of patient, disease and therapy specific factors on neurocognitive outcome of brain tumor patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine patients (mean age = 41.1 years; range: 17-75 years; 54% male, 46% female) with glioblastoma multiforme (37%), anaplastic astrocytoma (17%), low grade astrocytoma (13%), and oligodendroglioma (10%) predominantly in the frontal regions (45%) were evaluated in an outpatient neuro-oncology clinic. A neuropsychological test battery emphasized elements of attention/concentration. Multiple regression analyses determined relationships between functional outcomes and demographic and clinical predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Key predictors of neurocognitive functioning included age of the patient (36-59 years, p < 0.01; >/= 60 years, p < 0.05) and frontal region tumor location (p < 0.01). As expected, older patients did not perform as well as younger patients in absolute terms on neuropsychological tests; decrements persisted when comparisons were based on age-standardized versions of neurocognitive outcomes. Major depressive disorder was marginally associated with outcomes, while surgical interventions and radiotherapy did not show strong associations with test performances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary malignant brain disease was found to be less negative on neurocognitive outcomes for younger than for either middle-aged or older patients. Treatments were not as predictive of neurocognitive outcomes as age. No single test outcome measure was as sensitive to neurocognitive status as the empirically derived index of attention and concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, the UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program and the Henry E. Singleton Brain Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. tkaleita@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kaleita
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wellisch
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cloughesy
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Belin
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function