title: Fragile-X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) in females with the FMR1 premutation.
abstract: We describe five female carriers of the FMR1 premutation who presented with symptoms of tremor and ataxia and who received a diagnosis of definite or probable fragile-X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Unlike their male counterparts with FXTAS, none of the women had dementia. Females had not been reported in previous studies of FXTAS, suggesting that they may be relatively protected from this disorder. Brain tissue was available from one of the five subjects, a women who died at age 85 years; microscopic examination revealed intranuclear neuronal and astrocytic inclusions, in accord with the findings previously reported in males with FXTAS. The work-up of families with the FMR1 mutation should include questions regarding neurological symptoms in both older male and female carriers, with the expectation that females may also manifest the symptoms of FXTAS, although more subtly and less often than their male counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. randi.hagerman@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hagerman
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farzin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacquemont
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brunberg
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tassone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hessl
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jardini
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Gane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferranti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Leehey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grigsby
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hagerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001259:Ataxia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014202:Tremor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C497683:FMR1 protein, human