title: Optimization of an independent component analysis approach for artifact identification and removal in magnetoencephalographic signals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a noise reduction procedure for magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals introducing an automatic detection system of artifactual components (ICs) separated by an independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm, and a control cycle on reconstructed cleaned data to recovery part of non-artifactual signals possibly lost by the blind mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The procedure consisted of three main steps: (1) ICA for blind source separation (BSS); (2) automatic detection method of artifactual components, based on statistical and spectral ICs characteristics; (3) control cycle on 'discrepancy,' i.e. on the difference between original data and those reconstructed using only ICs automatically retained. Simulated data were generated as representative mixtures of some common brain frequencies, a source of internal Gaussian noise, power line interference, and two real artifacts (electrocardiogram=ECG, electrooculogram=EOG), with the adjunction of a matrix of Gaussian external noise. Three real data samples were chosen as representative of spontaneous noisy MEG data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In simulated data the proposed set of markers selected three components corresponding to ECG, EOG and the Gaussian internal noise; in real-data examples, the automatic detection system showed a satisfactory performance in detecting artifactual ICs. 'Discrepancy' control cycle was redundant in simulated data, as expected, but it was a significant amelioration in two of the three real-data cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed automatic detection approach represents a suitable strengthening and simplification of pre-processing data analyses. The proposed 'discrepancy' evaluation, after automatic pruning, seems to be a suitable way to render negligible the risk of loose non-artifactual activity when applying BSS methods to real data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present noise reduction procedure, including ICA separation phase, automatic artifactual ICs selection and 'discrepancy' control cycle, showed good performances both on simulated and real MEG data. Moreover, application to real signals suggests the procedure to be able to separate different cerebral activity sources, even if characterized by very similar frequency contents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, AFaR - Center of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Lungotevere degli Anguillara 12, 00153 Rome, Italy. giulia.barbati@afar.it
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbati
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porcaro
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zappasodi
authors.forename: Paolo Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tecchio
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016011:Normal Distribution