title: Predictors of viridans streptococcal shock syndrome in bacteremic children with cancer and stem-cell transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe episodes of viridans streptococcal bacteremia (VSB) in a cohort of children with cancer and stem-cell transplant (SCT) recipients and to determine predictors of viridans streptococcal shock syndrome (VSSS) in this group of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this retrospective review, we included episodes of VSB isolated between March 1997 and September 2002, in children (<or= 18 years) with a diagnosis of cancer or SCT patients. The primary outcome was VSSS, defined as hypotension requiring intravascular volume expansion or inotropic support and/or respiratory insufficiency necessitating assisted ventilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight episodes of VSB occurred in 79 children. The mean age of the children was 6.7 years (range, 0.6 to 18.0 years). The most common underlying diagnosis was acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in 31 (35%) of 88 episodes, and 38 (43%) of 88 had undergone SCT. VSSS occurred in 16 (18%) of 88 episodes, and two children died from VSSS. Two variables were predictive of VSSS, namely peak temperature at presentation (odds ratio [OR], 6.3; 95% CI, 2.1 to 19.0; P =.001) and inpatient status (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 28.0; P =.02). Diagnosis of AML (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.4 to 3.5; P =.8), receipt of SCT (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.6 to 5.7; P =.2), high-dose cytarabine (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1 to 3.2; P =.6), and mucositis (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3 to 2.6; P =.7) were not predictive of VSSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VSSS occurred in 18% of episodes of VSB in children with cancer or SCT recipients. Peak temperature before antibiotic therapy and inpatient status were predictive of VSSS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gassas
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: L Lee
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Dupuis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Upton
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Oussama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abla
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D034363:Viridans Streptococci / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents