title: Translocation of Salmonella typhimurium in rats on total parenteral nutrition correlates with changes in intestinal morphology and mucus gel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether alterations in intestinal morphology and mucus gel correlate with differences in Salmonella typhimurium translocation between rats treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and rats given a diet of chow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven male Wistar rats were assigned to one of two groups: one received TPN for 14 d and the other (control) received standard rat chow and water ad libitum. Salmonella typhimurium (5 x 10(8) cells; GIFU 12142) was injected into a closed ileal loop. Portal venous blood (PVB), inferior vena cava blood (IVCB), and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were sampled for evaluation of bacterial translocation. Sections of the loop were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (FITC-UEA-I) for image analysis. Perimeter, mucosal thickness, villus area, and positively stained mucus area were measured. A fluorescent antibody study was also done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organisms were found in cultures of 1 in 13 control rats and 9 in 14 TPN rats. There were more bacteria in MLNs than in PVB or IVCB. There was no increase in the number of bacteria over time in PVB, IVCB, or MLNs. Perimeter and villus area (P < 0.001) and mucosal thickness (P < 0.01) were significantly smaller in the TPN group than in the control group. The positively stained mucus area was significantly smaller in the TPN group than in the control group (P < 0.05 with PAS, P < 0.01 with FITC-UEA-I). Salmonella typhimurium invaded specifically through Peyer's patches. In all culture-negative samples, bacteria were trapped by the mucous layer, with a very small number attached to the epithelial surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant villous atrophy and reduction of mucus play an important role in the rapid translocation of S. typhimurium through Peyer's patches in rats after 2 wk of TPN.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. ken-saka@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futamura
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sago
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ezaki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000382:microbiology; D037121:Plant Lectins; D011169:Portal Vein; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000502:physiology*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D037121:Plant Lectins; C036850:Ulex europaeus lectins; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate