title: Caenorhabditis elegans T-box genes tbx-9 and tbx-8 are required for formation of hypodermis and body-wall muscle in embryogenesis.
abstract: Transcription factors containing the DNA binding motif, T-box, play an important role in the embryonic development of metazoans. There are 20 T-box genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, three of which reportedly have postembryonic functions. We characterized two T-box genes, tbx-9 and tbx-8, that are phylogenetically related to each other. tbx-9 is expressed in a subset of embryonic cells that are precursors of the intestine, body-wall muscle, and hypodermis. The expression pattern of tbx-8 is markedly similar to that of tbx-9. Both tbx-9 mutants and tbx-8 mutants show incomplete penetrant morphogenetic defects in embryogenesis, but the malformations of the tbx-9 and tbx-8 mutants are observed in different parts of their bodies. In embryos with both tbx-9 and tbx-8 inactivated, the body structure is severely disorganized, more so than the sum of the separate mutant phenotypes. Further analysis shows that the hypodermis and body-wall muscle show abnormalities at the site of morphogenetic defects of these mutants. Together, these data indicate that tbx-9 and tbx-8 do not only contribute individually to formation of the hypodermis and body-wall muscle, but also suggests functional redundancy between tbx-9 and tbx-8 in embryonic morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Genetic Resource Information, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken 411-8540, Japan. yandachi@lab.nig.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Andachi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C493184:Tbx-8 protein, C elegans; C493183:Tbx-9 protein, C elegans