title: Prevalence of single and multiple HPV types in cervical carcinomas in Jakarta, Indonesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cervical cancer is the second most frequently occurring type of cancer in women worldwide. A persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary causal factor in cervical carcinogenesis. The distribution of HPV types in populations has been studied worldwide. In Indonesia, however, few data are available describing the prevalence of HPV. Cervical carcinoma is the most common female cancer in Indonesia and causes high morbidity and mortality figures. With HPV vaccination studies in progress, it is important to map the HPV status of a population that would benefit greatly from future prevention programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested 74 cervical cancer specimens from consecutive, newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients in the outpatient clinic of the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. After additional staining, the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were histologically classified. HPV presence and genotype distribution were determined by SPF10 polymerase chain reaction and line probe assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV DNA of 12 different HPV types was detected in 96% of the specimens. The three most common types were 16 (44%), 18 (39%) and 52 (14%). In 14% of the specimens, multiple HPV types were present. The multiple HPV types were significantly more prevalent among adenosquamous carcinomas in comparison with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma (P = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distribution of HPV types in Indonesia with a more prominent role for HPV 18 is slightly different from that in other parts of the world. The high amount of multiple HPV infections found in adenosquamous carcinomas may prompt further research on the pathogenesis of this type of cervical tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. mcschellekens@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Maaike C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schellekens
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dijkman
authors.forename: Mohammad Farid
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Budiningsih
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siregar
authors.forename: Santoso
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cornain
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolkman-Uljee
authors.forename: Lex A W
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Gert Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleuren
mesh_terms: D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*