title: PPARgamma influences susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary, ovarian and skin carcinogenesis.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays a role in adipocyte differentiation, type II diabetes, macrophage response to inflammation and is suggested to influence carcinogen-induced colon cancer. Studies done in vitro and in vivo also revealed that PPARgamma ligands might promote differentiation and/or regression of mammary tumors. To directly evaluate the role of PPARgamma in mammary carcinogenesis, PPARgamma wild-type (+/+) or heterozygous (+/-) mice were administered 1 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) by gavage once a week for 6 weeks and followed for a total of 25 weeks. Compared with congenic PPARgamma(+/+) littermate controls, PPARgamma(+/-) mice had early evidence for increased susceptibility to DMBA-mediated carcinogenesis based on a 1.6-fold increase in the percentage of mice with skin papillomas, as well as a 1.7-fold increase in the numbers of skin papillomas per mouse (P < 0.05). Similarly, PPARgamma(+/-) mice also had a 1.5-fold decreased survival rate (P = 0.059), and a 1.7-fold increased incidence of total tumors per mouse (P < 0.01). Moreover, PPARgamma(+/-) mice had an almost 3-fold increase in mammary adenocarcinomas (P < 0.05), an over 3-fold increase in ovarian granulosa cell carcinomas (P < 0.05), an over 3-fold increase in malignant tumors (P < 0.02) and a 4.6-fold increase in metastatic incidence. These results are the first to demonstrate an increased susceptibility in vivo of PPARgamma haploinsufficiency to DMBA-mediated carcinogenesis and suggest that PPARgamma may act as a tumor modifier of skin, ovarian and breast cancers. The data also support evidence suggesting a beneficial role for PPARgamma-specific ligands in the chemoprevention of mammary, ovarian and skin carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: Michung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jerrold M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukamachi
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene