title: Development of a multiplex PCR technique for detection and epidemiological typing of salmonella in human clinical samples.
abstract: We have developed a multiplex PCR assay for Salmonella detection and epidemiological typing. Six sets of primers were designed to detect the major Salmonella serotypes and phage types in Spain. An internal amplification control was designed in order to detect PCR inhibition. The different amplification profiles obtained allowed us to detect Salmonella bacteria and to distinguish the clinically prevalent Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium and subspecies I serotype 4,5,12:i:-. Using this method, we could detect a specific band for DT104 and U302 phage types in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar and other C2 serogroup strains showed two specific band profiles. In the validation stage, the assay was reproducible for all serotypes studied, apart from some C2 serogroup strains. When the technique was applied to clinical stool specimens, the prevalent serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium were detected with a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 100%, and efficiency of 98%. Also, a low PCR inhibition rate (8%) was obtained. The overall agreement of the multiplex PCR with conventional culture-based techniques was 95% for Salmonella typing using Cohen's kappa index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Mertxe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sota
authors.forename: Ana Belén
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vivanco
authors.forename: Ildefonso
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Perales
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cisterna
authors.forename: Aitor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rementeria
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garaizar
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012483:Salmonella Phages; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial