title: Brain activation during manipulation of the myoelectric prosthetic hand: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: Neuroimaging data, particularly functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings, have not been reported in users of the myoelectric or electromyographic (EMG) prosthetic hand. We developed a virtual EMG prosthetic hand system to eliminate mutual signal noise interference between fMRI imaging and the EMG prosthesis. We used fMRI to localize activation in the human brain during manipulation of the virtual EMG prosthetic hand. Fourteen right-handed normal subjects were instructed to perform repetitive grasping with the right hand with eyes closed (CEG); repetitive grasping with the right hand with eyes open to obtain visual feedback of their own hand movement (OEG); and repetitive grasping with the virtual EMG prosthetic hand with the eyes open to obtain visual feedback of the prosthetic hand movement (VRG). The specific site activated during manipulation of the EMG prosthetic hand was the right ventral premotor cortex. Both paradigms with visual feedback also (OEG and VRG) demonstrated activation in the right posterior parietal cortex. The center of activation of the right posterior parietal cortex shifted laterally for visual feedback with the virtual EMG prosthetic hand compared to a subject's own hand. The results suggest that the EMG prosthetic hand might be recognized in the brain as a high-performance alternative to a real hand, being controlled through a "mirror system" in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Rehabilitation Center, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan. maruishi@rehab-hiroshima.gr.jp
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruishi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muranaka
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyatani
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawahara
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology; D003196:Computer Graphics; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004566:Electrodes; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001330:Electronic Data Processing / Q000295:instrumentation; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D014584:User-Computer Interface
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen