title: Criticism of "brain death" policy in Japan.
abstract: The 1997 Japanese organ transplantation law is the fruit of a long debate on "brain death" and organ transplantation, which involved the general public and experts in the relevant fields. The aim of this paper is to trace the history of the implementation of the law and to critique the law in terms of its consistency and fairness. The paper argues that the legislation adopts a double standard regarding the role of the family. On the one hand, the legislation over-emphasizes the family's authority by granting the family a veto on the matter of organ transplantation, while, on the other hand, not allowing the family to make surrogate decisions. In addition, the role of law in cases involving minor or incompetent patients is shown to be similarly misguided. The paper argues that accepting a decisive role for the family in current law is compatible with Japanese culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagheri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D024362:Advance Directive Adherence; D000367:Age Factors; D001926:Brain Death; D002102:Cadaver; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003657:Decision Making; D005190:Family; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007883:Legislation, Medical / Q000266:history; D033242:Minors; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011639:Public Opinion; D020458:Third-Party Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*