title: [Evaluation of intraoperative standardized hypnosis with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment under local anesthesia is commonly restricted by limited compliance of patients. Hypnosis may represent an alternative to sedation or general anesthesia. As the procedure demonstrated promising prospects during 1-year experience, the observed hypnosis-induced effects are now being evaluated in clinical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective study included 50 patients scheduled for dental surgery. All procedures were performed under standardized surgical conditions. The experimental group (n=25) received supplementary standardized tape hypnosis, whereas the control group received standard treatment (only local anesthesia). Individual and situative anxiety levels were determined by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After simultaneous increase of preoperative state anxiety, anxiety levels in the hypnosis group showed a significant intraoperative reduction to baseline level, whereas intraoperative anxiety of the control group (n=25) remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypnosis reduces intraoperative anxiety of oral and maxillofacial patients significantly. Further clinical studies on the use of hypnosis are considered useful.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck. hermesddd@aol.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hermes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerdes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trübger
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sieg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006991:Hypnosis, Anesthetic / Q000592:standards*; D006992:Hypnosis, Dental / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data