title: Impact of engine lubricant properties on regulated gaseous emissions of 2000-2001 model-year gasoline vehicles.
abstract: The impact of the sulfur (S) content in lubricating oil was evaluated for four ultra-low-emission vehicles and two super-ultra-low-emission vehicles, all with low mileage. The S content in the lube oils ranged from 0.01 to 0.76%, while the S content of the gasoline was fixed at 0.2 ppmw. Vehicles were configured with aged catalysts and tested over the Federal Test Procedure, at idle and at 50-mph cruise conditions. In all testing modes, variations in the S level of the lubricant did not significantly affect the regulated gas-phase tailpipe emissions. In addition to the regulated gas-phase emissions, a key element of the research was measuring the engine-out sulfur dioxide (SO2) in near-real-time. This research used a new methodology based on a differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) to measure SO2 from the lubricants used in this study. With the DOAS, the contribution of SO2 emissions for the highest-S lubricant was found to range from less than 1 to 6 ppm on a gasoline S equivalent basis over the range of vehicles and test cycles used. The development and operation of the DOAS is discussed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA. durbin@cert.ucr.edu
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.forename: Claudia G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: Sam H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huai
authors.forename: J Wayne
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Gervase I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: MacKay
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Albert M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hochhauser
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ingham
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gorse
authors.forename: Loren K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Beard
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001336:Automobiles; D004738:Engineering; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005742:Gasoline; D008153:Lubrication; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide