title: Aberrant tetranectin expression in human breast carcinomas as a predictor of survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tetranectin (TN), a plasminogen kringle 4 binding protein, is thought to play a prominent role in the regulation of proteolytic processes via binding to plasminogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TN in human breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissue and to determine the impact of this expression on survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on 189 patients with breast cancer, with a median follow up time of 10.6 years. The expression of TN was assessed in tumour tissue and adjacent normal breast tissue by immunohistochemistry, and the prognostic relevance of its expression in tumour cells was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TN was highly expressed in connective tissue fibres surrounding normal breast epithelium, but not in normal epithelial cells. High expression of TN in tumour cells was found in 131 (69%) of the tumour samples. By western blot analysis, no significant difference in the amount and molecular weight of TN was seen between tumour tissue and normal tissue. Strong TN immunoreactivity in tumour tissue was predictive of poor disease free and tumour specific overall survival. By multivariate analysis, high TN expression in cancer cells was an independent prognostic factor for disease free and tumour specific overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate differential TN expression in normal and malignant breast tissue and a prognostic impact of TN protein expression in breast carcinoma tissue. These data suggest a possible role of TN in invasiveness and the metastatic spread of human breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Innsbruck, Muellerstr. 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Peter.Obrist@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Obrist
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spizzo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ensinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brunhuber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margreiter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amberger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gastl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D037181:Lectins, C-Type; C048648:tetranectin