title: Spontaneous synchronized calcium oscillations in neocortical neurons in the presence of physiological [Mg(2+)]: involvement of AMPA/kainate and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
abstract: Primary cultures of neocortical neurons exhibit spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations under zero or low extracellular [Mg(2+)] conditions. We find that mature murine neocortical neurons cultured for 9 days also produce spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations in the presence of physiological [Mg(2+)]. These Ca(2+) oscillations were action potential mediated inasmuch as tetrodotoxin eliminated their occurrence. AMPA receptors were found to regulate the frequency of Ca(2+) oscillations. In contrast, Ca(2+) oscillations were independent of activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels, and NMDA receptors provided only a minor contribution. Release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores was involved in the oscillatory activity since thapsigargin reduced the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations. S-4-carboxyphenylglycine (S)-4CPG), an antagonist of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR), also reduced the amplitude of oscillations. In addition, 1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD), a group I mGluR agonist, increased the oscillation frequency, suggesting a critical role for mGluR in the generation of Ca(2+) oscillations. The mGluR-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores appeared to be mediated by phospholipase C (PLC) since the PLC inhibitor U73122 eliminated the Ca(2+) oscillations. These results indicate that Ca(2+) oscillations in neocortical cultures in the presence of physiologic [Mg(2+)] are primarily initiated by excitatory input from AMPA receptors and involve mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores following activation of mGluR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Shashank M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dravid
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014701:Veratridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D014966:Xanthenes; D003208:Concanavalin A; C059715:Fluo-3; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D019284:Thapsigargin; D014701:Veratridine; D008274:Magnesium; D009543:Nifedipine; C004639:cyclothiazide