title: Effect of supplemental vitamin E for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and synthesize the evidence on the effect of supplements of vitamin E on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials; meta-analysis where justified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four eligible trials were identified. For the outcomes of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, and blood lipids, neither supplements of vitamin E alone nor vitamin E given with other agents yielded a statistically significant beneficial or adverse pooled relative risk (for example, pooled relative risk of vitamin E alone = 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84 to 1.10]; 0.97 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.90]; and 0.72 [95% CI, 0.51 to 1.02] for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and nonfatal myocardial infarction, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is good evidence that vitamin E supplementation does not beneficially or adversely affect cardiovascular outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA. shekekke@rand.org
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Shekelle
authors.forename: Sally C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Lara K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Jungvig
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Udani
authors.forename: Myles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spar
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: J  Suttorp
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coulter
authors.forename: Sydne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Newberry
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002423:Cause of Death; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D014810:Vitamin E