title: Adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus-adenovirus mixed acute lower respiratory infections in Chilean infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Chile respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (AD) are the principal viruses detected in acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in infants. An overview of AD pneumonia in Chile to detect annual trends and to compare the severity of single AD or mixed RSV-AD infections is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveillance in 4927 infants hospitalized for ALRI has been performed from 1989 to 2001 using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and viral isolation. Clinical features in 117 infants with single genotyped AD and 81 infants with mixed RSV-AD infections were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenovirus cases declined from 20% annually in the early 1990s to approximately 5% in the 2000 decade. Genotype 7h showed increasing prevalence in hospitalized cases. The mean annual burden of hospitalizations caused by AD in Santiago was estimated to be 0.6%. No difference was observed in duration of fever, oxygen requirement and hospital stay between groups. Lung consolidation was more frequent in AD cases than mixed cases (P < 0.01); interstitial pattern and hyperinflation prevailed in the mixed cases (P < 0.01). No child died. AD diagnosis was confirmed on admission by IFA in 17% of cases of RSV-AD and in 43% of cases of single AD ALRI. AD cases diagnosed early by IFA had worse clinical outcome than those diagnosed later by virus isolation (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD cases declined since 1989. Mixed RSV-AD infections were not more severe than single AD etiology. AD cases admitted with positive IFA had worse prognoses than AD infections diagnosed later by virus isolation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medecina Norte, Universidad de Chile, Hospital Roberto del Río, Zañartu 1085, Santiago, Chile. mpalomino@med.uchile.cl
authors.forename: María Angélica
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.forename: Eliecer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villagra
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Avendaño
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral