title: Gender disparities in health: attending to the particulars.
abstract: As we get a feel for this new century, collective creativity is called for while we confront the challenges presented. Globalization, with its flow of ideas, people, and materials is no longer a theoretical concept and its advantages and disadvantages are becoming clear. While the axiom that "all politics are local" remains relevant, world events touch all corners of the globe. In the world of science, there are exciting advances being made,but many of these are accompanied by concerns about unequal access to biomedicine and technology, and misplaced health care priorities. One of the effects of transnationalism is that multiculturalism becomes the norm so that the label "minority" begins to lose its meaning. In the field of women's health, the issues have not changed as much as the conceptualization of them. The fact that biology and society contribute to sex differences is well known, but understanding how these interact at all levels (from the molecular to the community level) requires innovative research strategies. Efforts to describe gender disparities in health status are inadequate unless they are linked with actions that will improve the well being of diverse populations. An approach suggested in this article is to direct research and policy attention to the lifestyles and needs of particular women living in a particular time and place in society. This is the first step before meaningful interventions can be implemented and the women's health paradigm expanded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357263, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. bbmcgrath@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Barbara Burns
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Elayne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puzan
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006291:Health Policy; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009656:North America; D024802:Nurse's Role; D018579:Patient Selection; D011057:Politics; D012106:Research / Q000458:organization & administration; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D035862:Vulnerable Populations; D016387:Women's Health