title: Evaluation of toxicity due to vital stains in isolated rat retinas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether artificial aqueous humours are adequate incubation media compared with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), and evaluated the retinal toxicity of two vital stains--trypan blue (TB) and indocyanine green (ICG)--and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) using isolated rat retinas incubated in artificial aqueous humours.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, retinal segments were isolated and incubated in aCSF, BSS plus, Opeguard Neo Kit, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In experiment 2, retinal tissues were exposed to one of the agents and incubated in BSS plus. Retinal damage was assessed by morphological examination and biochemical assay, which measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the medium once every hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In experiment 1, BSS plus was confirmed as a suitable incubation medium. In experiment 2, there were no significant changes in the retinas exposed to TB or TA. Tissues exposed to ICG showed damage in every retinal layer and significantly higher release of LDH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to ICG caused retinal damage in isolated rat retina tissue in our experimental model (in vitro).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Arakawa, Tokyo, Japan. kaz-top@dnh.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsubara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000633:toxicity; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005978:Glutathione / Q000633:toxicity; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000633:toxicity; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C013003:glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer solution; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D005978:Glutathione; D014343:Trypan Blue; D007208:Indocyanine Green