A neurocomputational model of analogical reasoning and its breakdown in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
Analogy is important for learning and discovery and is considered a core component of intelligence. We present a computational account of analogical reasoning that is compatible with data we have collected from patients with cortical degeneration of either their frontal or anterior temporal cortices due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These two patient groups showed different deficits in picture and verbal analogies: frontal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to impairments in working memory and inhibitory abilities, whereas temporal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to semantic memory loss. Using the "Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies" model, we provide a specific account of how such deficits may arise within neural networks supporting analogical problem solving.
Morrison
Robert G
RG
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angelesm 90095-1563, USA. morrison@psych.ucla.edu
Krawczyk
Daniel C
DC
Holyoak
Keith J
KJ
Hummel
John E
JE
Chow
Tiffany W
TW
Miller
Bruce L
BL
Knowlton
Barbara J
BJ
D000368:Aged; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D012984:Software; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology