title: Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of optimal doses of highly bioavailable (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) alone and in combination with niacin-bound chromium (NBC) and a standardized Gymnema sylvestre extract (GSE) on weight loss in moderately obese subjects was evaluated by monitoring changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), appetite, lipid profiles, serum leptin and excretion of urinary fat metabolites. HCA-SX has been shown to reduce appetite, inhibit fat synthesis and decrease body weight without stimulating the central nervous system. NBC has demonstrated its ability to maintain healthy insulin levels, while GSE has been shown to regulate weight loss and blood sugar levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human study was conducted in Elluru, India for 8 weeks in 60 moderately obese subjects (ages 21-50, BMI >26 kg/m(2)). Subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was administered HCA-SX 4667 mg, group B was administered a combination of HCA-SX 4667 mg, NBC 4 mg and GSE 400 mg, while group C was given placebo daily in three equally divided doses 30-60 min before meals. All subjects received a 2000 kcal diet/day and participated in supervised walking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of 8 weeks, body weight and BMI decreased by 5-6% in both groups A and B. Food intake, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and serum leptin levels were significantly reduced in both groups, while high-density lipoprotein levels and excretion of urinary fat metabolites increased in both groups. A marginal or non-significant effect was observed in all parameters in group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that optimal doses of HCA-SX and, to a greater degree, the combination of HCA-SX, NBC and GSE can serve as an effective and safe weight-loss formula that can facilitate a reduction in excess body weight and BMI, while promoting healthy blood lipid levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown, Washington, DC 20057, USA. preusshg@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Preuss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: C V S
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D031104:Gymnema sylvestre; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002951:Citrates; D005223:Fats; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002857:Chromium; D009525:Niacin; C007999:hydroxycitric acid