title: Deaths among children less than two years of age receiving palivizumab: an analysis of comorbidities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palivizumab (Synagis) is used for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection among children at high risk for respiratory syncytial virus disease. A number of deaths after palivizumab use among children <2 years have been reported to the Food and Drug Administration. We assessed available information, including the extent to which preexisting medical conditions may have put these children at higher than normal risk of death.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed reports of deaths to the Food and Drug Administration (June 1998 to December 2001) among children <2 years of age who received palivizumab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 133 deaths reported after palivizumab use. Median age at death was 5 months, and 54% of the children were male. At least one congenital anomaly was reported in 85 cases (64%), and 44% of cases had multiple anomalies. Of the 100 cases with reported gestational age at birth, 36% were severely premature (<28 weeks), 48% were moderately premature (28 to 36 weeks) and 16% had normal gestational age. Only 2% of all cases were full term and were born without congenital anomalies; 50% had both conditions, 34% had prematurity alone and 14% had congenital anomalies alone. A cause of death was reported for 88 (66%) cases; most (38%) died from their congenital anomalies or from respiratory infections (23%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most children dying after palivizumab treatment were at increased risk of death; many had multiple congenital anomalies and/or premature birth. Patterns of outcomes and the reported medical course did not suggest that palivizumab further elevated the risk of death. Current data do not alter the safety and efficacy assessment that led to the licensure of palivizumab.
authors.affiliation: Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1404 Rockville Pike, Suite 200S, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. mohan@cber.fda.gov
authors.forename: Aparna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: M Miles
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellenberg
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedje
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Coté
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D002423:Cause of Death; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D000069455:Palivizumab; D012042:Registries; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069455:Palivizumab