The source of long-chain PUFA in formula supplements does not affect the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids in full-term infants.
Supplementation of formulas for full-term infants with long-chain (LC) PUFA [arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] at levels resembling human milk is recommended because they provide biochemical and functional benefits to the neonate. The objective of this work was to determine whether the source of dietary LC-PUFA affects the bioavailability in full-term infants. Treatment groups were as follows: full-term infants were fed from birth to 3 mo breast-milk (n = 11, 0.4 and 0.3 g/100 g total fatty acids as AA and DHA, respectively), formula containing LC-PUFA in the form of egg phospholipids (n = 12), or a formula supplemented with LC-PUFA in the form of triglycerides synthesized by single cells of algal and fungal microorganisms (n = 12). Both formulas provided 0.4 and 0.1 g/100 g total fatty acids as AA and DHA, respectively. We compared the fatty acid compositions of the main plasma lipid fractions (phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters) at birth and 3 mo. At 3 mo, lower levels of nervonic acid (NA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) acid, and DHA were found in all plasma lipid fractions from infants fed formula compared with those in the human milk-fed infants, irrespective of the source of the formula supplement (P < 0.02). These data demonstrate that the form of dietary LC-PUFA (triglycerides or phospholipids) does not influence their bioavailability. Similarly, absorption of LC-PUFA depends mainly on the lipid composition of the diet fed. These results suggest that the levels of NA, DPA, and DHA in formulas for full-term infants should be increased.
Sala-Vila
Aleix
A
Department Nutrició i Bromatologia, Centre de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CeRTA), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Castellote
Ana I
AI
Campoy
Cristina
C
Rivero
Montserrat
M
Rodriguez-Palmero
María
M
López-Sabater
M Carmen
MC
D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008895:Milk, Human; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; C013147:nervonic acid; C026219:docosapentaenoic acid