title: Comparison of gene expression patterns between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and a natural arylhydrocarbon receptor ligand, indirubin.
abstract: Indirubin is a natural arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand isolated from human urine. We previously reported that it was more potent than the prototypical ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in a yeast assay system. Here we compared gene expression changes in HepG2 cells exposed to 10 nM of indirubin or TCDD using nylon-membrane-based cDNA arrays with 1176 genes to elucidate the toxic differences at the transcriptional level. The gene expression profiles for TCDD and indirubin were very similar. The number of up-regulated genes (fold change > or =2.0) was 11 and 4 and the number of down-regulated genes (fold change < or =0.5) was 17 and 21 in TCDD-treated and indirubin-treated cells, respectively. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, 1A2, 19A1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), and IGFBP10 were confirmed to be up-regulated using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNAs were induced by as little as 1 pM of indirubin, whereas they were not induced by 10 pM of TCDD. In the time-course experiment, CYP1A1 mRNA was induced by indirubin transiently. Indirubin was also metabolized by CYP1A1 and lost its ligand activity. Indirubin would appear to be a good substrate of CYP1A1 given its low dissociation constant. Our results suggest that indirubin rapidly activates its own metabolism via AhR-mediated induction of CYP1A1 and this characteristic is consistent with the notion that indirubin is a physiological ligand of AhR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Technology and Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Yoshitomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D007313:Insecta; D008024:Ligands; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D008024:Ligands; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C027185:indirubin