title: A multi-institutional study of orthotopic neobladders: functional results in men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the incidence of diurnal incontinence (DI) and nocturnal incontinence (NI), the need for intermittent catheterization (IC),and the rate of ureteric obstruction (UO) among a group of men and women with ileal and colonic orthotopic neobladders in four countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 138 patients (113 men and 25 women) had an orthotopic neobladder constructed after radical cystectomy for carcinoma. The mean(range) age was 61.3 (28-76) years and the follow-up 41 (6-144) months. All patients underwent surgery by experienced surgeons associated with the Confederation of American Urology. A retrospective evaluation was designed to review the functional results and the incidence of UO. The technique of orthotopic neobladder construction was at each surgeon's discretion. Various detubularized bowel segments were used, including ileum, colon or sigmoid. Patients were followed by chart reviews and personal interviews at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and then every 6 months, and were evaluated by a physical examination, urine analysis, cytology and renal ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An ileal or colonic neobladder was constructed in 74 and 64 patients, respectively. Five (7%), 23 (31%), 10 (14%) and 14(9.6%) with an ileal neobladder developed DI, NI, IC and UO, respectively; the respective values for patients with a colonic neobladder were eight (12%), 19 (30%), seven (11%)and 15 (12%). Statistical analysis by Fisher's exact test showed no significant differences between the ileal and colonic neobladder groups or with gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using this specific protocol for evaluating many men and women with ileal and colonic orthotopic neobladders showed no significant differences in the incidence of DI, NI, IC or UO. Neobladders constructed from detubularized bowel, irrespective of bowel segment(s) used, can provide satisfactory diurnal results. A moderate incidence of NI and UO continue to be a problem.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Harborside Medical Tower, Suite 650, 4 Columbia Drive, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrion
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arap
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corcione
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ferreyra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neyra Argote
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seigne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lockhart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent