title: Adulthood nicotine treatment alleviates behavioural impairments in rats neonatally treated with quinpirole: possible roles of acetylcholine function and neurotrophic factor expression.
abstract: Increases in dopamine D(2) receptor sensitivity are known to be common in drug abuse and neurological disorders. Past data from this laboratory have shown that long-term increases in D(2) sensitivity can be produced by quinpirole treatment (a D(2)/D(3) agonist) during early development. The present investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that nicotine administration in adulthood would reduce both cognitive and skilled reaching impairments produced by increases in D(2) sensitivity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with quinpirole (1 mg/kg) or saline from postnatal day 1 (PD 1) to PD 21. Beginning in adulthood (PD 61), rats were treated with nicotine (0.3 mg/kg free base) or saline twice daily for 14 consecutive days before behavioural testing commenced. Animals neonatally treated with quinpirole demonstrated performance deficits on the Morris water task and a skilled reaching task compared to controls. Deficits on both tasks were completely alleviated by adulthood nicotine treatment. Animals neonatally treated with quinpirole demonstrated a significant 36% decrease of ChAT in the hippocampus compared to saline controls that was partially eliminated by nicotine. Additionally, neonatal quinpirole produced a significant decrease in hippocampal NGF content compared to controls, however, nicotine failed to alleviate this decrease in NGF. The results of this investigation demonstrate that long-term increases in dopamine D(2) receptor sensitivity produce significant decreases in hippocampal cholinergic and NGF expression that may result in cognitive impairment. Nicotine alleviates both cognitive and skilled reaching impairments caused by increases in D(2) sensitivity, but the mechanism through which nicotine is acting is currently unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 100 C. R. Drive, P.O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA. brown1@mail.etsu.edu
authors.forename: Russell W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Kenyatta D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Kimberly N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J Jeffrey
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Stephanie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kostrzewa
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D019257:Quinpirole; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors; D015000:Yawning / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D019257:Quinpirole; D009538:Nicotine; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D000109:Acetylcholine