title: Cortical hyperostosis in an infant on prolonged prostaglandin infusion: case report and literature review.
abstract: The common side effects associated with the use of prostaglandins in newborn infants include apnoea, hyperthermia, diarrhoea, skin flushing and oedema. Periosteal reaction or cortical thickening of the bones, also known as cortical hyperostosis, is associated with a prolonged use of prostaglandins. This is a radiological diagnosis; therefore, its occurrence is most likely underestimated. We describe an infant who developed cortical hyperostosis simulating osteomyelitis with elevated alkaline phosphatase. The radiologic changes were initially attributed to congenital syphilis. This occurred after a prolonged infusion of prostaglandin E(1) for a cyanotic congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sithembiso
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velaphi
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cilliers
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beckh-Arnold
authors.forename: Mantoa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mokhachane
authors.forename: Ramatsimele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mphahlele
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pettifor
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015576:Hyperostosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D011859:Radiography; D013590:Syphilis, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000527:Alprostadil