title: Vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer inhibits neointimal macrophage accumulation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to determine the effects of periadventitial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer on neointima formation and macrophage accumulation induced by collar placement around the carotid artery in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collar placement around the carotid artery in cholesterol-fed rabbits induced intimal thickening with increased neointimal macrophage content. Liposome-mediated VEGF gene transfer, confirmed by transgene-specific RT-PCR, caused a marked inhibition of both intimal thickening and macrophage accumulation compared with a lacZ control gene. VEGF gene transfer was not accompanied by a significant increase in adventitial neovascularization. Collaring of carotid arteries in hypercholesterolemic rabbits also upregulated endothelial VCAM-1 expression. Inhibition of neointimal macrophage infiltration in VEGF-transduced, collared arteries was associated with decreased endothelial VCAM-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF gene transfer inhibits collar-induced intimal thickening, macrophage accumulation, and VCAM-1 expression in cholesterol-fed rabbits. These findings support the concept that low-level VEGF expression can exert arterioprotective effects in the presence of high blood cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: BHF Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Rayne Building, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Shahida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zachary
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008081:Liposomes; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011817:Rabbits; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1