title: Systemic and topical retinoids in the management of skin cancer in organ transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the most frequent malignancies in organ transplant patients. Patients who develop multiple new skin cancers may benefit from retinoid chemoprevention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to advise on the use of retinoids in organ transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A summary was performed of the existing literature regarding experience with retinoid chemoprevention for skin cancer in organ transplant patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic retinoids, specifically acitretin, are effective in inhibiting tumor development in organ transplant patients. This effect is only present during therapy, however. Topical retinoids have some effect in the treatment of actinic keratoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic retinoids can be used for chemoprevention of skin cancer. For a good result, long-term treatment with acitretin is necessary. Side effects, however, limit the use of retinoid chemoprevention. It is advised that treatment be started at a low dose, and patients should be monitored regularly for triglyceride and cholesterol levels and transaminases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y G L
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: De Graaf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Euvrard
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bouwes Bavinck
mesh_terms: D017255:Acitretin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods; D005050:Etretinate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012176:Retinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D012176:Retinoids; D005050:Etretinate; D017255:Acitretin