title: Thromboembolic events after aortic valve replacement in elderly patients with a Carpentier-Edwards Perimount pericardial bioprosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thromboembolic events after aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis were the most frequently occurring complications in elderly patients. Whether this was valve related or dependent on other factors needed further exploration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred patients with a median age of 73 years were followed retrospectively after aortic valve replacement with a pericardial prosthesis for occurrence of thromboembolism. Of these, 348 also underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Twenty-five factors were investigated for their potential effect by using univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis revealed 6 significant factors: preoperative endocarditis (P =.0001), preoperative cerebrovascular accident (P =.002), use of postoperative warfarin sodium (Coumadin, DuPont Merck; P =.006), arterial hypertension (P =.023), size of valve prosthesis of 27 mm or larger (P =.023), and hospital thromboembolism (P =.040). There was a trend toward increased fatal thromboembolism in patients without medication. With a multivariate analysis, 4 factors remained significant: preoperative cerebrovascular accident (risk ratio, 4.8; P =.0016), warfarin sodium (risk ratio, 3.0; P =.0028), preoperative endocarditis (risk ratio, 5.6; P =.006), and hospital thromboembolism (risk ratio, 6.1; P =.016). Hypertension had a borderline effect. Age, sex, diabetes, 4 coronary artery factors, 3 other valvular factors, atrial fibrillation, and carotid artery disease had no significant effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some emboli seemed triggered by the valve prosthesis. A proper anticoagulant protocol but also a treatment of hypertension is important in the prevention of thromboembolism after aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. We did not find a significant role of atrial fibrillation and carotid artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Antwerp, Belgium. mistiaen@ruca.ua.ac.be
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mistiaen
authors.forename: Ph
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Cauwelaert
authors.forename: Ph
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muylaert
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Sys
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harrisson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bortier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery