title: Increased circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) develop left ventricular (LV) wall thinning associated with LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction. Recently, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) were reported to be involved in ventricular remodeling, however, little is known about MMPs and TIMPs in patients with HCM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to measure the plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in 11 patients with HCM accompanied by systolic dysfunction (fractional shortening (FS) <25%, group A), 17 patients with HCM who had preserved systolic function (FS> or =25%, group B), and 50 age-matched clinically healthy control subjects (mean age: 57 years). The concentration of MMP-2 in group A was significantly higher than in group B and the control subjects (1,124 +/- 84, 792 +/- 49, 809 +/- 26 ng/ml, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference between group B and the control subjects. MMP-2 concentrations significantly increased as the New York Heart Association functional class increased in patients with HCM. TIMP-2 was also significantly higher in group A patients than in group B and the control subjects (45.3 +/- 4.7, 34.6 +/- 2.2, 33.7 +/- 1.8 ng/ml, respectively), but there was no difference between group B and control subjects. TIMP-1 was significantly higher in HCM patients than in control subjects. MMP-3 and MMP-9 concentrations did not differ among the 3 groups. Both MMP-2 and TIMP-2 correlated significantly with FS and LV dimension, negatively and positively, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that changes in the release and activity of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 may be associated with the mechanisms responsible for cardiac remodeling in patients with HCM.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disorders, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noji
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashikata
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nohara
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: Kuniyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
mesh_terms: D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013599:Systole; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2