title: Absence of annexin I expression in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annexin I, one of the 20 members of the annexin family of calcium and phospholipid-binding proteins, has been implicated in diverse biological processes including signal transduction, mediation of apoptosis and immunosuppression. Previous studies have shown increased annexin I expression in pancreatic and breast cancers, while it is absent in prostate and esophageal cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data presented here show that annexin I mRNA and protein are undetectable in 10 out of 12 B-cell lymphoma cell lines examined. Southern blot analysis indicates that the annexin I gene is intact in B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Aberrant methylation was examined as a cause for lack of annexin I expression by treating cells 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine. Reexpression of annexin I was observed after prolonged treatment with the demethylating agent indicating methylation may be one of the mechanisms of annexin I silencing. Treatment of Raji and OMA-BL-1 cells with lipopolysaccharide, an inflammation inducer, and with hydrogen peroxide, a promoter of oxidative stress, also failed to induce annexin I expression. Annexin I expression was examined in primary lymphoma tissues by immunohistochemistry and presence of annexin I in a subset of normal B-cells and absence of annexin I expression in the lymphoma tissues were observed. These results show that annexin I is expressed in normal B-cells, and its expression is lost in all primary B-cell lymphomas and 10 of 12 B-cell lymphoma cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that, similar to prostate and esophageal cancers, annexin I may be an endogenous suppressor of cancer development, and loss of annexin I may contribute to B-cell lymphoma development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA. jvishwan@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Jamboor K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Vishwanatha
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Velliyur K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
mesh_terms: D017305:Annexin A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017305:Annexin A1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide