title: Utility of combined use of plasma levels of chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chromogranin A (CgA) is considered the most accurate marker in the diagnosis of gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine tumors. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has also been proposed to play this role, but then not used due to its low sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the assessment of PP would improve the diagnostic reliability of CgA in patients with GEP tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both markers were assessed in 68 patients [28 functioning (F), 40 non functioning (NF)]. Twenty-seven patients disease-free (DF) after surgery, and 24 with non-endocrine tumors (non-ETs) were used as control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CgA sensitivity was: 96% in F, 75% in NF, 74% in pancreatic, and 91% in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Specificity was 89% vs DF, and 63% vs non-ETs. PP sensitivity was: 54% in F, 57% in NF, 63% in pancreatic, and 53% in GI tumors. Specificity was 81% vs DF, and 67% vs non-ETs. By combining the two markers a significant gain in sensitivity vs CgA alone was obtained: overall in GEP tumors (96% vs 84%, p = 0.04), in NF (95% vs 75%, p = 0.02), and in pancreatic (94% vs 74%, p = 0.04). More specifically, a 25% gain of sensitivity was obtained in the subgroup of NF pancreatic tumors (93% vs 68%, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined assessment of PP and CgA leads to a significant increase in sensitivity in the diagnosis of GEP tumors, particularly in pancreatic NF.
authors.affiliation: Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, II School of Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panzuto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cannizzaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falconi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Corleto
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Annibale
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buonadonna
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pederzoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delle Fave
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000097:blood*; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C506150:CHGA protein, human; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide