title: The sequential treatment with ionizing radiation followed by TRAIL/Apo-2L reduces tumor growth and induces apoptosis of breast tumor xenografts in nude mice.
abstract: TRAIL primarily induces apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. However, some TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines have recently been discovered. Ionizing radiation may enhance the apoptosis inducing potential of TRAIL in sensitive cells, and sensitize TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. We assessed the influence of sequential treatment of irradiation followed by TRAIL on intracellular mechanisms of apoptosis of breast tumor cells in vitro and on tumor regression in xenografted athymic nude mice. Irradiation augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through up-regulation of DR5, and subsequent activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Inhibition of p53 by siRNA abrogated irradiation-induced DR5 expression, suggesting the requirement of p53 for DR5 induction. The pretreatment of cells with irradiation followed by TRAIL significantly induced more apoptosis than single agent alone or concurrent treatment with irradiation and TRAIL. The sequential treatment of xenografted mice with irradiation followed by TRAIL-induced apoptosis through caspase-3 activation, completely eradicated the established breast tumors, and enhanced survival of mice without detectable toxicity to normal tissues. The sequential treatment with irradiation followed by TRAIL provides an approach to enhance therapeutic potential of TRAIL. Thus, irradiation can be combined with TRAIL in breast cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201-1180, USA.
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Thiyam Ramsing
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Xufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Firnin
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; C505640:Tnfrsf10b protein, mouse; C505654:Tnfsf10 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D020169:Caspases