title: Antioxidative bioavailability of artepillin C in Brazilian propolis.
abstract: Propolis has strong antioxidative activity. We investigated here whether this activity was available in intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepG2 cells. Phenolics in Brazilian propolis, extracted with ethyl acetate after the removal of resin and wax with 90% methanol, included artepillin C at 21 mmol/100 g, p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid relatives 24mmol, kaempferol and its derivatives 9.4 mmol, naringenin 2.8 mmol, isosakuranetin 0.9 mmol, chrysin at 0.8 mmol/100 g, and several minor components. When the extract was added to the apical side of Caco-2 monolayers, artepillin C was specifically incorporated into the cells and released to the basolateral side mostly without conjugation. Then, artepillin C was added to HepG2 cells and exposed to reactive oxygens. Artepillin C prevented oxidative damage dose-dependently, and suppressed lipid peroxidation evaluated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances by 16% and the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA by 36% at a concentration of 20microM. Artepillin C is a bioavailable antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: Yukinaga
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001938:Brazil; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011429:Propolis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010666:Phenylpropionates; C102259:artepillin C; D011429:Propolis