title: Amperometric ATP biosensor based on polymer entrapped enzymes.
abstract: A dual enzyme electrode for the detection of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) at physiologically relevant pH levels was developed by co-immobilization of the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOD) and hexokinase (HEX) using pH-shift induced deposition of enzyme containing polymer films. Application of a simple electrochemical procedure for the co-immobilization of the enzymes at electrode surfaces exhibits a major improvement of sensitivity, response time, reproducibility, and ease of fabrication of ATP biosensors. Competition between glucose oxidase and hexokinase for the substrate glucose involving ATP as a co-substrate allows the determination of ATP concentrations. Notable control on the immobilization process enables fabrication of micro biosensors with a diameter of 25 microm. The presented concept provides the technological basis for a new generation of fast responding, sensitive, and robust biosensors for the detection of ATP at physiological pH values with a detection limit of 10 nmol l(-1).
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kueng
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mizaikoff
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D006593:Hexokinase; D010984:Platinum; D011108:Polymers; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D010984:Platinum; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D006593:Hexokinase; D005947:Glucose