title: Use of artificial neural networks to predict biological outcomes for patients receiving radical radiotherapy of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper discusses the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting biological outcomes following prostate radiotherapy. A number of model-based methods have been developed to correlate the dose distributions calculated for a patient receiving radiotherapy and the radiobiological effect this will produce. Most widely used are the normal tissue complication probability and tumour control probability models. An alternative method for predicting specific examples of tumour control and normal tissue complications is to use an ANN. One of the advantages of this method is that there is no need for a priori information regarding the relationship between the data being correlated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A set of retrospective clinical data from patients who received radical prostate radiotherapy was used to train ANNs to predict specific biological outcomes by learning the relationship between the treatment plan prescription, dose distribution and the corresponding biological effect. The dose and volume were included as a differential dose-volume histogram in order to provide a holistic description of the available data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was shown that the ANNs were able to predict biochemical control and specific bladder and rectum complications with sensitivity and specificity of above 55% when the outcomes were dichotomised. It was also possible to analyse information from the ANNs to investigate the effect of individual treatment parameters on the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANNs have been shown to learn something of the complex relationship between treatment parameters and outcome which, if developed further, may prove to be a useful tool in predicting biological outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gulliford
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Carl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Rowbottom
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Corne
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dearnaley
mesh_terms: D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen