title: Variation in Class II malocclusion: comparison of Mexican mestizos and American whites.
abstract: This study compared the skeletal and dental characteristics of Class II Division 1 white Americans and Mexicans. It was designed specifically to the evaluate ethnic, age, and sex differences of 101 whites and 107 Mexican mestizos, with approximately equal numbers in each subgroup. Three-way analyses of variance were used to simultaneously evaluate the effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and their interactions. Although Mexicans and whites in the United States had similar maxillomandibular relationships, Mexicans showed greater protrusion of the jaws and teeth. Mexican subjects with Class II malocclusions also showed less divergence of the cranial base (SN-FH angle) and greater vertical tendencies (MPA, Y-axis, and palatal plane angle) than their white counterparts. In comparison with children (mean age 9.0 years), young adults (mean age 20.1 years) had significantly larger craniofacial dimensions, jaws that were positioned more forward, and teeth that were more protruded. Sex differences pertained only to size (men were larger) and maxillary incisor angulation (men were more protrusive). The findings pertaining to the ethnic differences have important clinical implications regarding treatment decisions for Mexican and white patients. In addition, this study provides a foundation for future studies pertaining to Class II malocclusion in Mexicans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, The Texas A&M University System, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Buschang
authors.forename: Rolf G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Behrents
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wintergerst
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ceen
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*