title: The effect of skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care) shortly after birth on the neurobehavioral responses of the term newborn: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The method of skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care [KC]) has shown physiologic, cognitive, and emotional gains for preterm infants; however, KC has not been studied adequately in term newborns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of KC, used shortly after delivery, on the neurobehavioral responses of the healthy newborn.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled trial using a table of random numbers. After consent, the mothers were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: KC shortly after delivery or a no-treatment standard care (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Included were 47 healthy mother-infant pairs. KC began at 15 to 20 minutes after delivery and lasted for 1 hour. Control infants and KC infants were brought to the nursery 15 to 20 and 75 to 80 minutes after birth, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 1-hour-long observation, starting at 4 hours postnatally, the KC infants slept longer, were mostly in a quiet sleep state, exhibited more flexor movements and postures, and showed less extensor movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KC seems to influence state organization and motor system modulation of the newborn infant shortly after delivery. The significance of our findings for supportive transition from the womb to the extrauterine environment is discussed. Medical and nursing staff may be well advised to provide this kind of care shortly after birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. sarig@research.haifa.ac.il
authors.forename: Sari Goldstein
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ferber
authors.forename: Imad R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Makhoul
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007224:Infant Care / Q000379:methods; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009068:Movement; D012119:Respiration; D012890:Sleep