title: Compliance with dosing guidelines in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the level of reported compliance with renal dosing guidelines in inpatient, long-term care, and ambulatory settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Available databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, ACP Journal Club) were searched (1966-December 2002) to identify published literature pertaining to renal dosing guideline compliance in patients with chronic kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  All articles addressing renal dosing guideline compliance in inpatient, long-term care or ambulatory settings were included. Six articles matching our inclusion criteria were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with chronic kidney disease require appropriate medication dosing for disease severity and level of renal function for avoiding adverse drug events, preventing additional renal injury, and optimizing patient outcomes. Consensus-based medication dosing guidelines are readily available and provide initial dose estimations, which can be further individualized based on disease severity and therapeutic response. Studies conducted in hospitals found renal dosing guideline noncompliance rates ranged from 19% to 67%. Limited data in long-term care reported a noncompliance rate of 34%. While published studies concerning compliance to renal dosing recommendations in ambulatory settings are not available, an abstract indicated 69% noncompliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on limited published data, improvements in renal dosing guideline compliance are needed in all settings where data are available. Research is needed to further assess the appropriateness of renal dosing in ambulatory settings and inform quality improvement efforts in all settings.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente of Colorado, PO Box 378066, Denver, CO 80237-8066, USA. charron.l.long@kp.org
authors.forename: Charron L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Marsha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raebel
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Magid
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D004363:Drug Utilization; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008508:Medication Errors; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations