title: Detection of prostate cancer in men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 2.0 to 4.0 ng/mL equivalent to that in men with 4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL in a Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze prospectively whether prostate cancer (CaP) incidence differs between Japanese men with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 2.0 to 4.0 ng/mL and those with a PSA level of 4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men 79 years old or younger who were referred to our clinic were screened for CaP. Individuals with PSA levels of 2.0 ng/mL or greater were recommended for transrectal prostate biopsy. The prebiopsy clinical characteristics, cancer detection rate, and pathologic findings from the needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimen were compared between the low (2.0 to 4.0 ng/mL) and intermediate (4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL) PSA groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 858 patients screened for CaP, 440 with benign findings on digital rectal examination met the criteria, and 274 (62.3%) underwent biopsy. Of those undergoing biopsy, 110 and 123 patients had a low or an intermediate PSA level, respectively. Men in the low PSA group had a higher free/total PSA ratio, smaller prostate volume, and lower PSA density compared with those in the intermediate PSA group. CaP was diagnosed in 26 (23.6%) of 110 in the low and 29 (23.6%) of 123 in the intermediate PSA group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the pathologic findings of needle biopsy, including Gleason score, number of cores per biopsy, percentage of positive cores, and cancer length in the positive cores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of CaP (23.6%) between men with low and intermediate PSA levels in a Japanese population. The diagnostic yield was comparable to that reported for both white and black men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizouka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ide
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010173:Palpation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen