title: Three-dimensional modeling and animation of two carpal bones: a technique.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to (a). create 3D reconstructions of two carpal bones from single CT data sets and animate these bones with experimental in vitro motion data collected during dynamic loading of the wrist joint, (b). develop a technique to calculate the minimum interbone distance between the two carpal bones, and (c). validate the interbone distance calculation process. This method utilized commercial software to create the animations and an in-house program to interface with three-dimensional CAD software to calculate the minimum distance between the irregular geometries of the bones. This interbone minimum distance provides quantitative information regarding the motion of the bones studied and may help to understand and quantify the effects of ligamentous injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute for Human Performance, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. greenj@upstate.edu
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Haoyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Marsha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Short
mesh_terms: D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003626:Data Display; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009862:Online Systems; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000502:physiology