title: Effect of listeriolysin O-loaded erythrocytes on Mycobacterium avium replication within macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of erythrocytes loaded with the haemolytic toxin listeriolysin O against Mycobacterium avium replication within human macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant listeriolysin O was loaded in human erythrocytes by a procedure of hypotonic dialysis and isotonic resealing. Loaded erythrocytes were modified to allow them to be recognized and taken up by human macrophages infected with M. avium. The antimycobacterial activity of the erythrocytes loaded with listeriolysin O was evaluated by supernatant and intracellular cfu counts on days 4 and 7 post-erythrocyte administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recombinant listeriolysin O was encapsulated in human erythrocytes to reach final concentrations ranging from 1 to 4 ng/mL of erythrocytes. Erythrocytes loaded with increasing quantities of recombinant protein were able to reduce (at most by 50%) M. avium replication in a dose-dependent fashion when administered to infected macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erythrocytes loaded with listeriolysin O are effective against M. avium replication within macrophages. We are confident that the strategy presented could be useful against mycobacteria other than M. avium (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae) by itself or as part of an antimycobacterial treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry G. Fornaini, University of Urbino, Via Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malatesta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierigé
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Celeste
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Schiavano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazzanelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnani
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C038705:hlyA protein, Listeria monocytogenes