title: Ectopic expression of maize polyamine oxidase and pea copper amine oxidase in the cell wall of tobacco plants.
abstract: To test the feasibility of altering polyamine levels by influencing their catabolic pathway, we obtained transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants constitutively expressing either maize (Zea mays) polyamine oxidase (MPAO) or pea (Pisum sativum) copper amine oxidase (PCuAO), two extracellular and H(2)O(2)-producing enzymes. Despite the high expression levels of the transgenes in the extracellular space, the amount of free polyamines in the homozygous transgenic plants was similar to that in the wild-type ones, suggesting either a tight regulation of polyamine levels or a different compartmentalization of the two recombinant proteins and the bulk amount of endogenous polyamines. Furthermore, no change in lignification levels and plant morphology was observed in the transgenic plants compared to untransformed plants, while a small but significant change in reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity was verified. Both the MPAO and the PCuAO tobacco transgenic plants produced high amounts of H(2)O(2) only in the presence of exogenously added enzyme substrates. These observations provided evidence for the limiting amount of freely available polyamines in the extracellular space in tobacco plants under physiological conditions, which was further confirmed for untransformed maize and pea plants. The amount of H(2)O(2) produced by exogenously added polyamines in cell suspensions from the MPAO transgenic plants was sufficient to induce programmed cell death, which was sensitive to catalase treatment and required gene expression and caspase-like activity. The MPAO and PCuAO transgenic plants represent excellent tools to study polyamine secretion and conjugation in the extracellular space, as well as to determine when and how polyamine catabolism actually intervenes both in cell wall development and in response to stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome 00146, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: Maria Concetta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Pinto
authors.forename: Raffaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavazza
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biondi
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gobbi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Gara
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tavladoraki
mesh_terms: D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D003313:Zea mays / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase
chemical_list: D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008031:Lignin; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D011073:Polyamines; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase