title: Multifocal magnetoencephalogram applied to objective visual field analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an objective visual field analysis by visual evoked magnetic fields.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight focal areas of the visual field were stimulated by the visual evoked response imaging system (VERIS). The multifocal visual evoked magnetic fields (mfVEFs) of 11 healthy subjects were recorded. The output signals were recorded with VERIS, and the second-order kernel was calculated. The equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) were estimated, and the relative positioning of ECDs was determined by a magnetoencephalography (MEG) system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mfVEFs consisted of either two- or three-peak waves. Large amplitude mfVEFs were elicited when the stimulus was confined to 6 degrees of the central visual field, but a strong response could not always be obtained between 6 degrees and 12 degrees. All ECDs were estimated to originate in the occipital striate cortex. The ECDs for the upper (lower) field stimulations were estimated to be on the lower (upper) cortex, while those for right (left) field stimulations were on the left (right) cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The locations of mfVEF peak ECDs were correlated with the stimulated visual field and generally matched the cruciform model. In combination with the multifocal technique, MEG can be used for objective visual field analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. takatsune@t-nishiyama.com
authors.forename: Takatsune
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohde
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haruta
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mashima
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*