Role of CD4 receptor down-regulation during HIV-1 infection.
Human immunodeficiency virus has evolved several redundant mechanisms to remove its receptor, the CD4 molecule, from the cell surface. Indeed, HIV-1 encodes three proteins, Nef, Vpu and Env, that have a profound effect on CD4 trafficking and catabolism. Given this functional convergence, it is believed that cell surface CD4 regulation constitutes an important determinant of viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. This review highlights recent progress made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the down-regulation of the CD4 receptor by HIV-1 and describes our current comprehension of the role of CD4 down-regulation during HIV-1 infection.
Levesque
Karine
K
Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montreal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Canada, H3C 3J7.
Finzi
Andrés
A
Binette
Julie
J
Cohen
Eric A
EA
D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000502:physiology; D005814:Genes, Viral; D015754:Genes, nef; D016338:Genes, vpu; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D006801:Humans; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins