title: Effect of intracranial bleeds on the health and quality of life of boys with hemophilia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the health, physical function, and quality of life (QoL) of boys with hemophilia with and without a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 172 patients with hemophilia A or B, 18 (10%) had at least one episode of ICH. For outcome assessments, 16 of 18 (89%) boys with ICH and 32 controls, matched (1:2) for age and severity of hemophilia, were available. The outcome measures were neurologic function, physical function, and QoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the boys at the first ICH was 5.9 months (range, 1 day to 2.7 years). Boys with ICH had a higher incidence of inhibitors and lower mean household income. Neurologic examination was abnormal in seven of 16 (44%) boys with ICH and nine of 32 (28%) controls (P=.3). The mean physical function in boys with ICH was lower (82%+/-25%) compared with controls (93.5%+/-12%, P=.045). The QoL was decreased in boys with ICH compared with controls (6.8+/-3.2 vs 8.5+/-1.4, P=.02), whereas health-related QoL was not significantly different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The poorer long-term outcomes of boys with hemophilia appropriately treated for ICH, especially in the domain of QoL, suggest that new strategies to prevent ICH and to manage ICH effectively in this population are needed.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Revel-Vilk
authors.forename: Meredith R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Golomb
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Achonu
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stain
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Marcia A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blanchette
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011788:Quality of Life