Voriconazole: new preparation. Invasive aspergillosis: benefits to be confirmed.
(1) Amphotericin B is the antifungal drug of choice for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, severe candidiasis and Fusarium infection. Voriconazole is an antifungal azole sold in France for oral and intravenous treatment of these infections. (2) In 391 patients with established or probable invasive aspergillosis, combined analysis of two trials comparing voriconazole (intravenously then orally) with conventional amphotericin (intravenously) showed that the 12-week survival rate was significantly higher with voriconazole (70.8% versus 57.9%). Unfortunately, these results are undermined by methodological flaws such as the lack of blinding, the very different intravenous treatment periods in the two groups, and subsequent oral treatment with different antifungal drugs. Voriconazole has not been compared with liposomal amphotericin B. (3) In the treatment of severe candidiasis, and severe Scedosporium and Fusarium infections, we only have the (favourable) results of non comparative trials in small numbers of patients refractory to other antifungal drugs. (4) The main adverse effects were visual disturbances, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, acute renal failure, and sometimes serious cutaneous reactions. It lengthens the QT interval and can cause torsades de pointes. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CY3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, hence a high risk of potentially serious drug interactions. (5) Voriconazole can be given by mouth or by IV infusion, whereas liposomal amphotericin B must be given intravenously. (6) In practice, another more rigorous trial is needed to confirm the favourable results obtained with voriconazole in invasive aspergillosis. Voriconazole is the first-line treatment for severe Scedosporium infections, despite limited experience. It is a last resort for severe candidiasis and severe Fusarium infection.
D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005670:Fusarium; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008271:Mycetoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021681:Scedosporium; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D000666:Amphotericin B