title: Cogan syndrome in children: early diagnosis and treatment is critical to prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present two cases of pediatric Cogan Syndrome and to highlight the differences between the adult and pediatric forms of the disease, as well as the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corneal lesions were much more diffuse than those observed in adult Cogan syndrome. Immunosuppressive drug combination therapy successfully resolved systemic and ocular inflammation, but the involvement of the pupillary area caused permanent low vision in one case and amblyopia in the other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When chronic ocular inflammation is observed in association with sensory neural hearing loss and any systemic signs of autoimmune inflammation, a diagnosis of Cogan syndrome should be suspected. If immunosuppressive treatment is not initiated as soon as possible, permanent low vision and deafness can result.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. jorsoni@unipr.it
authors.forename: Jelka G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Orsoni
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zavota
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vincenti
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pellistri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rama
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000209:etiology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005438:Fludrocortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007634:Keratitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D013577:Syndrome; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001241:Aspirin; D005438:Fludrocortisone; D008727:Methotrexate