title: Modern endodontic practice: instruments and techniques.
abstract: Like many other dental and medical specialties, endodontics has evolved and changed over the years. The changes that have occurred in the past 10 years, however, have been of great magnitude and profundity. The microscope, ultrasonic units with specially configured tips, superbly accurate microchip computerized apex locators, flexible nickel-titanium files in rotary engines, and greater emphasis on microscopic endodontic surgery have totally changed the way endodontics and endodontic surgery are practiced. Comparing these changes with formocreoszol medication, K-file and radiographic determination of working length are truly dramatic. These changes are bringing the specialty of endodontic practice into the twenty-first century with greater precision, fewer procedural errors, less discomfort to the patient, and faster case completions. Seven key advancements in endodontics were made in the last decade. This article discusses these advancements and their applicability to everyday practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA. syngcuk@pobox.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Syngcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004867:Equipment Design; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D011859:Radiography; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants