title: HPV-16 L1 genes with inactivated negative RNA elements induce potent immune responses.
abstract: Introduction of point mutations in the 5' end of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 gene specifically inactivates negative regulatory RNA processing elements. DNA vaccination of C57Bl/6 mice with the mutated L1 gene resulted in improved immunogenicity for both neutralizing antibodies as well as for broad cellular immune responses. Previous reports on the activation of L1 by codon optimization may be explained by inactivation of the regulatory RNA elements. The modified HPV-16 L1 DNA that induced anti-HPV-16 immunity may be seen as a complementary approach to protein subunit immunization against papillomavirus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden. erik.rollman@smi.ki.se
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rollman
authors.forename: Lisen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arnheim
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klingström
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dillner
authors.forename: Diana V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Pastrana
authors.forename: Chris B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinkula
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wahren
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D005814:Genes, Viral; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017354:Point Mutation; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; C063317:L1 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16