title: Interferon alpha-induced apoptosis in tumor cells is mediated through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.
abstract: Interferon (IFN) alpha induces a caspase-dependent apoptosis that is associated with activation of the proapoptotic Bak and Bax, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c. In addition to the onset of the classical Jak-STAT pathway, IFNalpha also induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K activity by Ly294002 disrupted IFN-induced apoptosis upstream of mitochondria. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin or by overexpression of a kinase dead mutant of mTOR, efficiently blocked IFNalpha-induced apoptosis. A PI3K and mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 repressor was induced by IFNalpha treatment of cells and was strongly inhibited by Ly294002 or rapamycin. The activation of Jak-STAT signaling upon IFNalpha stimulation was not affected by abrogating PI3K/mTOR pathway. Neither was the expression of several IFNalpha target genes affected, nor the ability of IFNalpha to protect against virus-induced cell death affected by inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. These data demonstrate that an intact PI3K/mTOR pathway is necessary for the ability of IFNalpha to induce apoptosis, whereas activation of the Jak-STAT pathway alone appears to be insufficient for this specific IFNalpha-induced effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Hospital and Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thyrell
authors.forename: Linn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hjortsberg
authors.forename: Velmurugesan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arulampalam
authors.forename: Theocharis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panaretakis
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uhles
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dagnell
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhivotovsky
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leibiger
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandér
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pokrovskaja
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000494:pharmacology; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017304:Annexin A5; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020169:Caspases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002867:Chromones; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C546842:MTOR protein, human