title: [Clinical and three-dimensional kinematic features of the upper limb after replantation of the hand].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional assessments of hand replantation after traumatic amputation are considered as good although frequent deficits of long fingers mobility and hand sensitiveness occur.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the capability of handling and the compensatory mechanisms involved in handling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study in eight right-handed males who had distal amputation of the left upper limb with hand replantation for more than two years. Eight males with paired age and handedness served as control. Skin sensitiveness (thread test), mobility (TAM), functional capability (Box and Blocks test, 400 points test) and occupational outcome were assessed. Three-dimensional analysis (opto-electronic device) of the motion of the trunk and the upper limbs (arm, forearm, hand) was made during a pointing and gripping-shifting maneuver and the time of the related phases was measured (dynamometric cube device). Correlation between clinical assessments and three-dimensional analysis were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with replantation had a remarkable recovery of the absolute and relative times of the various phases of the handling maneuver. Only the gripping phase was significantly prolonged in patients, this result was correlated with the deficit in motor function and sensitiveness of the replanted hand. The visual control was higher because of the lack of superficial and deep sensitiveness. Compensatory mechanisms involved a lateral shift of the replanted limb segments, probably attributed to the lateral shift of the trunk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient with a replanted hand develops a homogenesis displacement of the trunk and the pectoral girdle to compensate the shortening and the reduction in active mobility of the hand. This compensatory mechanism, observed in a small scale in healthy too, is efficient with respect to the handling phases.
authors.affiliation: Institut régional de réadaptation, IFR 25, 35, rue Lionnois, 54042 Nancy cedex, France. jean.paysant@irr.u-nancy.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paysant
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beyaert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berhili-Lansac
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martinet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dautel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dap
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: André
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000601:surgery*; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D009790:Occupations; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012092:Replantation / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome