title: [The relationship between gap junctional remodeling and atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic heart disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between the alternations in the expression and distribution of connexin 40 (Cx40) and connexin 43 (Cx43) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with rheumatic heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy was conducted to take specimens of right atrial appendage (RAA) from 32 patients with rheumatic heart disease, 21 with AF and 11 with sinus rhythm (SR) during valve replacement. The protein levels of Cx40 and Cx43 were examined by immunoconfocal microscopy and Western blotting. The former was also used to observe the distribution of Cx40 and Cx43 double-labeled with antibodies against Cx40 and Cx43.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoconfocal microscopy showed that the relative expression level of Cx40 protein in the specimens of RAA in the chronic AF group was (0.67 microm(2)/ microm(3) +/- 0.09 microm(2)/ microm(3)), significantly lower than that in the SR group (1.45 microm(2)/ microm(3) +/- 0.16 microm(2)/ microm(3)) (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of Cx43 protein between the two groups. Distributed inhomogeneously, Cx40 and Cx43 were mainly located at the side to side interconnections, instead of being confined to the intercalated discs, as observed in the patients with SR. The results of Western blotting were similar to those of immunoconfocal microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction and redistribution of Cx40 and Cx43 contribute to initiation and persistence of AF in patients with rheumatic heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Science & Technology University, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Da-qiang
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-bai
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Hui-qin
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017630:Connexins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D017630:Connexins; C484032:GJD4 protein, human