title: Ultrasonic spectrum-analysis and neural-network classification as a basis for ultrasonic imaging to target brachytherapy of prostate cancer.
abstract: Conventional B-mode ultrasound is the standard means of imaging the prostate for guiding prostate biopsies and planning brachytherapy of prostate cancer. Yet B-mode images do not allow adequate visualization of cancerous lesions of the prostate. Ultrasonic tissue-typing imaging based on spectrum analysis of radiofrequency echo signals has shown promise for overcoming the limitations of B-mode imaging for visualizing prostate tumors. Tissue typing based on radiofrequency spectrum analysis uses nonlinear methods, such as neural networks, to classify tissue by using spectral-parameter and clinical-variable values. Two- and three-dimensional images based on these methods show potential for improving the guidance of prostate biopsies and the targeting of radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Two-dimensional images have been imported into instrumentation for real-time biopsy guidance and into commercial dose-planning software for brachytherapy planning. Three-dimensional renderings seem to be capable of depicting locations and volumes of cancer foci.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Laboratories, Riverside Research Institute, New York, NY 10038, USA. feleppa@rrinyc.org
authors.forename: Ernest J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feleppa
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: Cheng-Shie
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wuu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalisz
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ketterling
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gillespie
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods