title: Effects of usual nutrient intake and vitamin D status on markers of bone turnover in Swiss adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of nutrient intake and vitamin D status on markers of type I collagen formation and degradation in adolescent boys and girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canton of Vaud, West Switzerland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 92 boys and 104 girls, aged 11-16 y. Data were collected on height, weight, pubertal status (self-assessment of Tanner stage), nutrient intake (3-day dietary record) and fasting serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and markers of collagen formation (P1NP) and degradation (serum C-terminal telopeptides: S-CTX).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tanner stage was a significant determinant of P1NP in boys and girls and S-CTX in girls. Of the nutrients examined, only the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) was positively associated with P1NP in boys, after adjustment for pubertal status. 25OHD decreased significantly at each Tanner stage in boys. Overall, 15% of boys and 17% of girls were identified as being vitamin D insufficient (serum 25OHD <30 nmol/l), with the highest proportion of insufficiency at Tanner stage 4-5 (29%) in boys and at Tanner stage 3 (24%) in girls. A significant association was not found between 25OHD and either bone turnover marker, nor was 25OHD insufficiency associated with higher concentrations of the bone turnover markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The marked effects of puberty on bone metabolism may have obscured any possible effects of diet and vitamin D status on markers of bone metabolism. The mechanistic basis for the positive association between dietary Ca/P ratio and P1NP in boys is not clear and may be attributable to a higher Ca intake per se, a critical balance between Ca and P intake or higher dairy product consumption. A higher incidence of vitamin D insufficiency in older adolescents may reflect a more sedentary lifestyle or increased utilisation of 25OHD, and suggests that further research is needed to define their requirements.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nestec Ltd and The Swiss Foundation for Research in Osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland. fiona.ginty@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ginty
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavadini
authors.forename: P-A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burckhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: G-D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Barclay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D011347:Procollagen; D011627:Puberty / Q000378:metabolism*; D013557:Switzerland; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; C042813:procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; D003094:Collagen; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium