title: Development of an optimal sampling strategy for clinical pharmacokinetic studies of the novel anthracycline disaccharide analogue MEN-10755.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MEN-10755 is a novel anthracycline analogue that has shown an improved therapeutic efficacy over doxorubicin in animal models, especially in gynaecological and lung cancers and is currently under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumours. The aim of the project was to develop an optimal sampling strategy for MEN-10755 to provide an efficient basis for future pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 24 patients who participated in a phase I clinical pharmacokinetic study of MEN-10755 administered as a short i.v. infusion were included. Individual pharmacokinetic values were calculated by fitting the plasma concentration data to a two-compartment model using nonlinear least-squared regression (KINFIT, Ed 3.5). Population pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out using (a) the traditional standard two-stage method (STS) based on all data (KINFIT-ALL), (b) the iterative two-stage Bayesian (IT(2)B) population modelling algorithm (KINPOP), and (c) the STS method using KINFIT and using four optimally timed plasma concentrations (KINFIT-OSS4). Determinant (D) optimal sampling strategy (OSS) was used to evaluate the four most information-rich sampling times. The pharmacokinetic parameters V(c) (l), k(el) (h(-1)), k(12) (h(-1)) and k(21) (h(-1)) calculated using KINPOP served as a model for calculation of four D-optimal sampling times. D-optimal sampling data sets were analysed using KINFIT-OSS4 and compared with the population model obtained by the traditional standard two-stage approach for all data sets (KINFIT-ALL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimal sampling times were: the end of the infusion, and 1.5 h, 3.8 h and 24 h after the start of the infusion. The four-point D-optimal sampling design determined in this study gave individual parameter estimates close to the basic standard estimates using the full data set.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because accurate estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters were achieved, the four-point D-optimal sampling design may be very useful in future studies with MEN-10755.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M E
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boom
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vinks
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Boezen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wanders
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dombernovsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aamdal
authors.forename: E G E
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: D R A
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Uges
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D004317:Doxorubicin; C107602:sabarubicin