title: Usage and users of natural remedies in a middle-aged population: demographic and psychosocial characteristics. Results from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Sweden, large amounts of money are spent annually on natural remedies (NRs), in spite of the fact that most products in this category lack scientific documentation of their efficacy and side-effects. The usage and users of natural remedies are not well defined. This paper describes NR use and NR users in a city in southern Sweden, and tests the hypothesis that the use of natural remedies is a strategy for coping with psychosocial stressors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of 6545 men and women, aged 45-65 years, who during 1991 and 1992 participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a large-scale prospective cohort study. Data on consumption of natural remedies were recorded during seven consecutive days, as part of a dietary assessment. Each participant also completed a questionnaire, covering education, work history, alcohol and smoking habits, perceived health, and psychosocial factors such as social network, social support, job strain and global control. Body composition was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of NR consumption was 26% among women and 17% among men. NR use was most common during winter and spring. The most popular products were ginseng, garlic, and various herb and plant extracts. Important determinants of NR usage were higher education, Swedish origin, and lifestyle factors like low body weight fat percentage and high alcohol consumption among women. Other determinants were higher age and non-smoking among men. None of the psychosocial factors appeared to influence the prevalence of NR consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of NR consumption is influenced by sex, demographic factors, season of the year, and lifestyle. Use of NRs does not appear to be a common strategy for coping with psychosocial stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Lund, S-205 02 Malmo, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wallström
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elmståhl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Ostergren
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hanson