title: Rhythmic emission of floral volatiles from Rosa damascena semperflorens cv. 'Quatre Saisons'.
abstract: The control of rhythmic emission of floral volatiles emitted from Rosa damascena semperflorens cv. 'Quatre Saisons' throughout floral development under various light regimes was studied. 2-Phenylethanol was the major volatile emitted in addition to monoterpenols, oxidised monoterpenols, monoterpenes and aromatic compounds. All detected volatiles were emitted rhythmically, with maximum peaks coinciding 8-10 h into a 12-h photoperiod. For some compounds a secondary, nocturnal peak was apparent. The primary and secondary maxima both occurred at approximately 24-h intervals. Rhythms appeared to be regulated endogenously: rhythmic emission continued upon exposure to continuous light or continuous darkness, and a phase shift in emission was induced upon inversion of the photoperiod. Additionally, emission continued after flower excision. A similar profile of free volatiles was stored within the floral tissue, together with glycosidic forms of 2-phenylethanol (>99% beta-D-glucoside), benzyl alcohol, citronellol and geraniol. Regression analysis indicated a significant decrease in glycosylated 2-phenylethanol through the photoperiod. These results suggest that glycosylated volatiles stored within petals may be a source of rhythmically emitted volatiles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College London, Wye Campus, TN25 5AH, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Picone
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clery
authors.forename: Naoharu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hazel S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: MacTavish
authors.forename: Colin G N
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Turnbull
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D010507:Periodicity; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000378:metabolism; D017440:Photoperiod; D027826:Rosa / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol