title: Improving nutritional quality of maize proteins by expressing sense and antisense zein genes.
abstract: The predominant proteins in maize grain are a family of alcohol-soluble prolamin storage proteins called zeins. They account for >50% of total seed proteins but are deficient in several essential amino acids. As a result, the corn grain is considered to be nutritionally poor for monogastric animals with respect to key essential amino acids, most notably lysine, tryptophan, and methionine. Thus, corn mutants with reduced levels of zeins, such as opaque-2 (o2), have been demonstrated to possess grain with improved nutritional quality characteristics. The o2 mutant has a superior amino acid composition and has been used through conventional breeding to develop Quality Protein Maize (QPM) for human and animal consumption in developing countries. With the understanding of molecular genetics of zeins and progress in biotechnology, an alternative approach to zein reduction is explored here. Through the targeted reduction of the 19-kDa alpha-zeins, increased levels of lysine, tryptophan, and methionine have been engineered in grain of transgenic hybrids. Currently, the agronomic properties and nutritional values of these transgenic lines are being evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Mystic Research, Monsanto Company, 62 Maritime Drive, Mystic, Connecticut 06355, USA. shihshieh.huang@na1.monsanto.com
authors.forename: Shihshieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Whitney R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kathleen P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Voyles
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kriz
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Luethy
mesh_terms: D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D009154:Mutation; D009753:Nutritive Value; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015028:Zein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016373:DNA, Antisense; D015028:Zein