Polymorphism, heteroplasmy, mitochondrial fusion and diabetes.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly susceptible to mutations that result in polymorphisms and diseases including diabetes. We analyzed heteroplasmy, polymorphisms related to diabetes, and complementation by fusogenic proteins. Cytoplast fusion and microinjection allow, defects in mutated mtDNA inside a heteroplasmic cell to be complemented by fusing two mitochondria via human fusogenic proteins. We characterized three hfzos as well as two OPAls that prevent apoptosis. Two coiled coil domains and GTPase domains in these fusogenic proteins regulate membrane fusion. The hfzo genes were expressed mainly in the brain and in muscle that are postmitotic, but not in the pancreas. Under the influence of polymorphisms of mtDNA and nDNA, the vicious circle of reactive oxygen species and mutations in cell can be alleviated by mitochondrial fusion.
Sato
Aya
A
High Technology Research Center, Kagawa Nutrition University, Chiyoda Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan.
Endo
Hitoshi
H
Umetsu
Kazuo
K
Sone
Hideyuki
H
Yanagisawa
Yoshiko
Y
Saigusa
Azusa
A
Aita
Sayuri
S
Kagawa
Yasuo
Y
D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D015870:Gene Expression; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species