title: Self-injury behaviour induced by intraplantar carrageenan infiltration: a model of tonic nociception.
abstract: The research of chronic nociception using whole animals is an approach plagued with methodological drawbacks within the ethical realm, as well as difficulties in the analysis and interpretation of time dependent results. On this work, we propose an experimental model that displays tonic nociception measured as a quantifiable self-injury behaviour (SIB) produced by the inflammation of soft tissue located in the paw of the rat elicited by carrageenan 1% (CAR) infiltration. We established five categories or levels for the analysis of the self-injury behaviour reflecting the intensity of rat nociception triggered by CAR infiltration. In addition, we determine that this model does not induce inescapable pain by noticing no significant differences when measuring weight gain and sexual behaviour. We propose this nociception model as physiologically and ethically appropriate for the study of long-lasting nociception.
authors.affiliation: Subdirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ramón de la Fuente, Camino a Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan D.F. cp: 14370, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Avila
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Manzo
authors.forename: Ulises
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Coffeen
authors.forename: Rosendo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: del Angel
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellicer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005528:Foot / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002351:Carrageenan