title: Real-time monitoring for detecting rejection using strain gauge force transducers in porcine small bowel transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical results of small bowel transplantation (SBT) have not been satisfactory mainly because of the immunological barrier. It is important to detect the presence of and to perform adequate treatment of rejection as early as possible to improve graft survival. Therefore, we have established a pig model to monitor graft motility as a means to detect rejection in real time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthotropic SBT was performed in 25 pigs using FK-506 (0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg/d) immunosuppression. The interdigestive motor patterns were evaluated using strain gauge force transducers (SG). Seven pigs without SBT were treated as controls (C). Animals that displayed migrating motor complex (MMC) activity as evidenced by duration, amplitude, and interval in the graft were alive more than 10 days with adequate oral feeding: the functional graft (FG) group. In contrast the rejection (R) group did not show these activities on data recorded within 10 days before death due to rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FG group showed MMC propagated throughout the graft with all parameters almost the same as the control group except for the duration. In contrast, all parameters in the group R were significantly lower than those in group FG, suggesting that group R motility was obviously impaired by rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SG method may afford real-time monitoring of transplanted bowel motility that could be useful to detect rejection after SBT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. nisimoto@pedsurg.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uesugi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003199:Computer Systems; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology / Q000379:methods / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus