title: Can biological or clinical parameters predict testicular sperm recovery in 47,XXY Klinefelter's syndrome patients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contradictory results are available regarding prediction of testicular sperm extraction in 47,XXY patients. This study, therefore, aimed at assessing the availability of testicular sperm and evaluates clinical parameters predicting successful sperm retrieval in azoospermic 47,XXY Klinefelter's syndrome patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm recovery procedures were performed in 50 non-mosaic azoospermic Klinefelter patients. The facial hair pattern and the presence of gynaecomastia in men with successful and unsuccessful sperm recovery were compared using Fisher's exact test. The predictive value of clinical parameters such as age, testicular volume, FSH, FSH:LH ratio, testosterone and androgen sensitivity index (LH x testosterone) for successful testicular sperm retrieval was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 24 patients (48%) testicular sperm were recovered. Ninety-four per cent of the men in whom sperm was found had a normal facial hair pattern compared to 93% in whom no sperm was recovered (not significant, NS). Seventeen percent of the men with successful testicular sperm extraction had gynaecomastia compared to 31% of the men with failed testicular sperm extraction (NS). The mean testicular volume of the largest testis in patients with sperm found was 4.2 ml compared to 3.6 ml in patients with no sperm found (NS). The mean FSH and testosterone values in patients with sperm recovered were 31.2 IU/l and 3.1 ng/ml versus 40.4 IU/l (P = 0.04) and 3.2 ng/ml (NS) in patients without sperm recovered. All examined clinical and biological parameters failed to predict the outcome of the testicular sperm extraction using ROC curve analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As in the general population of men with non-obstructive azoospermia, there are currently no clinical parameters predicting successful sperm retrieval in the subpopulation of patients with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Centre For Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090, Belgium. valerievernaeve@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vernaeve
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staessen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verheyen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tournaye
mesh_terms: D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009030:Mosaicism; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology