title: Ethnomedical value of Cissampelos pareira extract in experimentally induced diarrhoea.
abstract: The antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) roots was assessed on experimental animals. The hydroethanolic extract (25-100 mg dry extract kg(-1) body mass, p.o.) exhibited a dose dependent decrease in the total number of faecal droppings (control 65, reduced to 26-46) and 29.2-60.0% inhibition in castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Further, C. pareira produced a significant (p < 0.01) and dose dependent reduction in intestinal fluids accumulation (26.0-59.0%). The extract showed a greater inhibitory effect on the concentration of Na+ (20.0 and 34.5%) than on the concentration of K+ (6.7 and 9.4%). The extract also reduced dose dependently the gastrointestinal transit from 46.4 and 38.7%, equivalent to 53.6 and 61.3%. However, C. pareira significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and inhibited the decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase and catalase) on prior administration to castor oil-induced fluid accumulation. The extract of C. pareira had no effect on normal defecation at 25 mg kg(-1) in mice. However, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) inhibited defecation by 100% in the initial 2 h and the activity was reduced to 40.0 and 73.0%, respectively, in the third hour.
authors.affiliation: Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Rana Pratap Marg, Post Box No. 436, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.lastname: Amresh
authors.forename: Gaddam Dayanand
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Chandana Venkateswararao
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirwaikar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000187:drug effects; D002368:Castor Oil; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002400:Cathartics; D031606:Cissampelos / Q000737:chemistry*; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects; D007194:India; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002368:Castor Oil; D010544:Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase