title: Sonographic patterns of intraperitoneal hemorrhage associated with blunt splenic injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation between sonographic detection of free fluid in the left upper quadrant and blunt splenic injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of all consecutive emergency blunt trauma sonograms obtained at a level I trauma center from January 1995 to January 2001. Data were collected on demographics, free fluid location, and patient outcome. Injuries were determined from computed tomography, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, laparotomy, or a combination thereof.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4320 blunt trauma sonograms were obtained, and 596 patients (14%) had intra-abdominal injuries. The mean age was 33.7 +/- 19.1 years (range, 1-95 years), with 294 (49%) male and 302 (51%) female. There was no statistical difference between age, sex, or mechanism for all subgroups. There were 409 true-positive, 187 false-negative, 88 false-positive, and 3636 true-negative findings. Sensitivity of sonography for detecting all intra-abdominal injuries was 68%, and specificity was 97.6%; sensitivity for detecting isolated splenic injuries was 73.8%. Locations of free fluid in patients with nonsplenic injuries were compared with those in patients with splenic injuries. Isolated left upper quadrant free fluid was significantly associated with splenic injury (odds ratio = 3.0; P = .002), followed by diffuse free fluid (odds ratio = 2.1; P = .005). A subanalysis of isolated splenic injuries also revealed a significant association with left upper quadrant free fluid (odds ratio = 3.1; P = .007) and diffuse free fluid (odds ratio = 2.7; P = .0007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free fluid in the left upper quadrant is significantly associated with splenic injury. This finding should triage patients more rapidly to computed tomography, angiography, embolization, and laparotomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. jrrichards@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McGahan
authors.forename: Meredith G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.forename: Leslie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McGahan
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*