title: Up-regulation of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor expression after compression-induced spinal cord injury in rats.
abstract: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotential protein that acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, pituitary hormone, immunoregulator, and mitogen. To elucidate function of MIF in spinal cord injury, we examined expression of MIF after compression-induced spinal cord injury using Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The MIF mRNA was up-regulated in injured spinal cord, peaking 3 days after injury shown by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization revealed up-regulation of MIF in microglia accumulating in the lesion epicenter 3 days after injury and astrocytes around the cystic cavity 1 week after injury. Double staining showed co-localization of MIF and tomato lectin in the lesioned site, indicating that microglia accumulating to the lesion epicenter express MIF. The time course of MIF expression is different from that of previous reports about cytokine expression peaking at earlier time points; thus, it is unlikely that MIF acts as a pro-inflammatory factor in the present study. The MIF may contribute to proliferation of astrocytes around the lesioned site in spinal cord injury because of its cell proliferation-promoting property.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medical Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. masaokoda@faculty.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koshizuka
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishihira
authors.forename: Hideshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D037121:Plant Lectins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C034981:tomato lectin