title: [Pathomorphological changes in abdominal viscerae in dogs subjected to underwater blast wave injury].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the pathomorphological changes in abdominal viscerae injuries produced by underwater blast waves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one adult mongrel dogs were used in this study. Underwater explosions in different intensity were produced by detonating 200 g, 500 g and 1,000 g TNT, respectively. The physical parameters of blast wave were measured by PCB dynamic pressure transducers specially designed for underwater explosion. The pathomorphological changes in abdominal viscerae were observed at 6 hours after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physical features of underwater blast wave were characterized by high peak pressure, short positive action duration, and higher intensity of impulse. The pathomorphological observation revealed high incidence of injuries of gastrointestinal tract (62.30 percent), manifesting mainly various degrees of subserosal and submucous bleeding in gastrointestinal tract. Rupture of seromuscular layer, subserosal hematoma, and even, perforations of gastrointestinal tract occurred in some animals. Injuries of the liver, spleen, pancreas and other parenchymatous organs injuries, such as subcapsular bleeding, hematoma, and ruptures, appeared with low incidence. No obvious injuries were found in the gallbladder or urinary bladder and other fluid containing organs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Underwater blast wave can induce injuries to many abdominal viscerae. Gastrointestinal tract injuries, occurring in high incidence are usually severe, and they should be given early treatment in underwater blast injuries.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-huan
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pei-fang
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian-xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zheng-guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Ji-hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Da-wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005107:Explosions; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000473:pathology; D007101:Immersion; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D014781:Viscera / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014303:Trinitrotoluene