title: Electrocardiogram and clinical characteristics of patients referred for cardiac transplantation: implications for pacing in heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Permanent pacing for the treatment of heart failure (HF) has been the subject of intense research over the past decade. Those with conduction abnormalities may benefit most from pacing. The incidence of these conduction abnormalities in patients referred for cardiac transplantation and its relationship to outcome has not been well described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the incidence of these abnormalities and to correlate these findings to outcome in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of 100 patients referred for transplantation was performed. Data were analyzed in two groups: those with QRS duration < 120 ms and those with a QRS duration > 120 ms. Times to transplantation or death were analyzed in these two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these patients, 34% had QRS duration > or = 120 ms and survival was inversely associated with QRS duration. Of those with QRS duration < 120 ms, 24% (16) went on to cardiac transplantation or died. Of those with a QRS duration > or = 120 ms, 55% (17) went on to transplantation or died (p = 0.0134).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that in addition to a multi-drug regimen for heart failure, 34% of patients referred for transplantation may benefit from additional therapy with biventricular pacing.
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA. freuders@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freudenberger
authors.forename: Jo Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sikora
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric