title: Balance and gait deficits in schizophrenia compounded by the comorbidity of alcoholism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcoholism carries a liability of balance and gait instability that persists with sobriety. Such deficits are less well documented in schizophrenia and may be compounded by comorbidity with alcoholism, which is prevalent in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors administered quantitative ataxia tests to 10 patients comorbid for schizophrenia and alcohol dependence/abuse, 10 nonalcoholic patients with schizophrenia, 24 nonschizophrenic patients with alcohol dependence, and 27 age-matched comparison men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three patient groups were impaired relative to the comparison subjects. The comorbid group was significantly more impaired than the alcoholic group on most tests and was more impaired than the schizophrenia patients, especially when tested with eyes open.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rigorous quantitative testing revealed gait and balance deficits in schizophrenia, even without alcohol dependence, and exacerbated deficits in schizophrenia comorbid with alcoholism. The enhancement of postural stability expected with visual information was dampened in comorbid patients, implicating compromised sensorimotor integrative abilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavoiral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5723, USA. edie@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Edith V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D020235:Gait Apraxia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index