title: A 2-year follow-up study of cigarette smoking and risk of dementia.
abstract: The report focused on investigating the relationship between cigarette smoking and dementia in elderly people through prospective studies. We did a 2-year follow-up study of elderly people. A total of 2820 participants aged 60 years old and over from six communities of Chongqing agreed to take part. Dementia was diagnosed with MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Participants were classified as never smokers, past smokers, and current smokers. During follow-up, we recorded incident cases of dementia. The association of smoking and dementia was investigated using proportional hazards regression analysis. A total of 121 incident cases of dementia were detected, of which 84 (69%) were Alzheimer's disease, 17 (14%) were vascular dementia, and 21(17%) were other dementia. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (RR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.63-5.42) and vascular dementia (RR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.53-3.12) adjusting for age, sex, education, blood pressure, and alcohol intake. Compared with light smokers, the adjusted risk of Alzheimer's disease was significantly increased among smokers with a medium level of exposure (RR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.65-5.52), with an even higher risk of Alzheimer's disease in the heavy smoking group (RR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.25-4.02). Smoking was associated with the risk of dementia. This study suggests that both smoking status and amount is associated with dementia.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. dj941@sina.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: D H D
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J Y J
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease; D003704:Dementia / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*