title: Genetic effects of air pollution on forest tree species of the Carpathian Mountains.
abstract: The effects of air pollution on the genetic structure of Norway spruce, European silver fir and European beech were studied at four polluted sites in Slovakia, Romania and Czech Republic. In order to reduce potential effects of site heterogeneity on the health condition, pair-wise sampling of pollution-tolerant and sensitive trees was applied. Genotypes of sampled trees were determined at 21 isozyme gene loci of spruce, 18 loci of fir and 15 loci of beech. In comparison with Norway spruce, fewer genetic differences were revealed in beech and almost no differentiation between pollution-tolerant and sensitive trees was observed in fir. In adult stands of Norway spruce, sensitive trees exhibited higher genetic multiplicity and diversity. The decline of pollution-sensitive trees may result thus in a gradual genetic depletion of pollution-exposed populations of Norway spruce through the loss of less frequent alleles with potential adaptive significance to altered stressing regimes in the future. Comparison of the subsets of sensitive and tolerant Norway spruce individuals as determined by presence or absence of discolorations ("spruce yellowing") revealed different heterozygosity at 3 out of 11 polymorphic loci.
authors.affiliation: Forest Research Institute, T.G. Masaryka 22, 960 92 Zvolen, Slovakia. roman.longauer@fris.sk
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longauer
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gömöry
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paule
authors.forename: Ioan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blada
authors.forename: Flaviu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mankovska
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Müller-Starck
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Percy
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Szaro
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Karnosky
mesh_terms: D028202:Abies / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005061:Europe, Eastern; D029964:Fagus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D028222:Picea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide