title: [Advancements in diagnosis and surgical treatment of strabismus in adolescent and adults].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present complete process of pre-operative strabismus diagnosis, which can be used for prediction of post-operative diplopia in adolescents and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved three patients, who were qualified for the surgical treatment of strabismus. Complete pre-operative diagnosis predicting potential post-operative diplopia was performed in all patients. The prismatic test for diplopia, hyperfunctional muscle botuline toxin injection, and prism correction were performed
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the results of tests, two patients were qualified for surgical treatment. None of them suffered from diplopia after this treatment. The third patient in pre-operative tests showed unacceptably high risk of intolerable diplopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-operative diplopia in adolescents and adults represents a serious problem, especially in susceptible patients. Accurate and complete pre-operative diagnosis allows for risk reduction in post-operative diplopia. The predictive test for post-operative diplopia, botuline toxin injection and prism correction in isolation are not always able, to give a reliable indication, as to the sensory status following strabismus surgery. A combination of the three above mentioned techniques give more reliable diagnosis. For patients, who can possibly suffer from post-operative diplopia, the adjustable suture technique should be applied.
authors.affiliation: Poradni Leczenia Zeza i Kliniki Chorób Oczu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broniarczyk-Loba
authors.forename: Olimpia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laudańska-Olszewska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Omulecki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*