title: Photoreceptor cell dysplasia in two Tippler pigeons.
abstract: Two 12-week-old Tippler pigeons were evaluated for ocular abnormalities associated with congenital blindness. The pigeons were emaciated and blind. Biomicroscopy and direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy findings of the Tippler pigeons were normal with the exception of partially dilated pupils at rest. Scotopic (blue stimuli) and photopic monocular electroretinograms were extinguished in the blind Tippler pigeons. Histological and electron microscopy studies revealed reduced numbers of rods and cones, and an absence of the double cone complex. The photoreceptor cells' outer segments were absent, and the inner segments were short and broad. The number of cell nuclei in the outer and inner nuclear layers was decreased, and the internal and external plexiform layers were reduced in width. Photoreceptor cell endfeet with developing synaptic ribbons were present in the external plexiform layer. Inflammatory cell and subretinal debris was not seen. The electroretinographic, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings of the blind Tippler pigeons support the diagnosis of a photoreceptor cell dysplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. pamoore@vet.uga.edu
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Munnell
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Prasse
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Carmichael
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010856:Columbidae; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000662:veterinary; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*