title: Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Coimbatore, southern India: a hospital-based case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer of the esophagus is common in India. The risk factors predisposing to cancer in southern Indian patients are not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of smoking, alcohol and their combination, and diet factors in the etiology of cancer of the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk factors like alcohol consumption, smoking, tobacco chewing, and pre-illness diet details in 90 patients with cancer of the esophagus were compared with those in age- and sex-matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk for esophageal cancer was 3.5 times higher with alcohol consumption, 2.5 times higher for tobacco users, and 2.8 times higher each for betel nut chewers and smokers. The calculated odds ratio for the social habits and diet factors was significant amongst cases of cancer esophagus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcoholism, smoking, and chewing of tobacco are factors predisposing to esophageal cancer in southern India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chitra
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashok
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001114:Areca; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology