Hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus coinfection: an emerging problem?
Infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have similar risk factors and routes of transmission. It is estimated that 64 to 84% of HIV-infected individuals have positive markers for anti-HBc antibodies, with the chronic HBV infection rate approaching 16%. There is, however, a paucity of information on HBV/HIV coinfection, and its clinical implications remain unclear. We review the literature and report our recent experience with a 44-year-old man with HBV/HIV coinfection who developed metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma despite quiescent HBV and HIV disease courses. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized HIV disease. As a result, morbidity and mortality from other underlying chronic, non-HIV-related diseases, such as the HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma reported here, will likely continue to increase in the HIV-infected patient population.
Hyun
Chris B
CB
Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92134-1005, USA. cbhyun@nmcsd.med.navy.mil
Coyle
Walter J
WJ
D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male