title: Nonoperative management of complete tracheal rings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with complete tracheal rings are often challenging to manage. Most children will present early with a severely compromised airway and will require tracheal reconstruction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To show that a small number of minimally symptomatic patients with complete tracheal rings experience airway growth over time and do not require tracheoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective medical chart review over a 10-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (N = 10) with a diagnosis of complete tracheal rings, confirmed on bronchoscopy, who were observed for a minimum of 1 year prior to determining the need for tracheoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient symptoms, bronchoscopic findings, airway size, and the progression of these over time. Other congenital anomalies, the reason for initial diagnosis, and the need for tracheoplasty were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10 patients in our series fell into the following 3 categories: 5 patients were minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic, showed bronchoscopic evidence of progressive airway growth, and did not require tracheoplasty; 2 patients had worsening symptoms of exercise intolerance, showed minimal airway growth, and ultimately required tracheoplasty; and 3 patients are still being clinically observed and may eventually require tracheoplasty. Periods of observation have varied from 1 year to over 12 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all patients with complete tracheal rings require tracheoplasty. Some have satisfactory airway growth and do not require airway reconstruction. A period of observation to monitor airway growth and clinical symptoms is safe and may spare some patients from undergoing unwarranted airway reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH 45229-3039, USA. mike.rutter@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Willging
authors.forename: Robin T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy