title: Biological monitoring in occupational exposure to low levels of 1,3-butadiene.
abstract: Exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD), a probable carcinogen to humans, was investigated in two groups of subjects working in a petrochemical plant where BD is produced and used to prepare polymers: 42 occupationally exposed workers and 43 internal non-occupationally exposed controls. BD personal exposure was very low but significantly different in the two groups (median airborne BD 1.5 and 0.4 microg/m(3) in exposed and controls, respectively). Similarly, BD in blood and urine, but not in exhaled air, was higher in the exposed workers than in controls (blood BD 3.7 ng/l versus <1.8 ng/l, urinary BD 2.4 ng/l versus <1.0 ng/l). These three biomarkers correlated significantly with personal exposure ( 0.283 < or = Pearson's r < or = 0.383) and between them (0.780 < or = r < or = 0.896). Excretion of urinary mercapturic acids N-acetyl-S-(3,4-hydroxybutyl)-l-cysteine (MI), N-acetyl-S-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-propenyl)-l-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-l-cysteine (MII), chromosomal aberrations (CA), and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral blood lymphocytes were not influenced by occupational exposure. Our results show that unmetabolised BD in biological fluids, and particularly urinary BD, represents the biomarker of choice for assessing occupational exposure to low airborne concentrations of BD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan and ICP, Via S. Barnaba, 8-20122 Milan, Italy. silvia.fustinoni@unimi.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fustinoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perbellini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soleo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manno
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Foà
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002070:Butadienes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002617:Chemical Industry; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D002070:Butadienes; C031763:1,3-butadiene; D000111:Acetylcysteine