title: Effects of intravitreal indocyanine green injection in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical, electrophysiologic, and histologic findings of different concentrations of indocyanine green (ICG) injected into the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two rabbits underwent intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of ICG in three different concentrations: 0.5 mg/mL (250 mOsm), 5 mg/mL (270 mOsm), and 25 mg/mL (170 mOsm). Fellow eyes were injected with 0.1 mL of balanced salt solution. Biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, fluorescein angiography, and histologic evaluation were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eyes injected with 0.5 mg/mL of ICG showed b-wave latency delay on the first day after injection. Eyes injected with 5 mg/mL of ICG showed b-wave latency delay and decreased b-wave amplitude on the first and seventh days after injection; delayed a-wave latency on the first day after injection was also observed. Eyes injected with 25 mg/mL of ICG showed b- and a-wave amplitude and latency abnormalities during the entire follow-up. Direct correlation of increasing retinal edema proportional to the progressively increasing ICG concentrations was shown on histologic evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal ICG injection in rabbit eyes may impair retinal function and morphology proportional to the progressively increasing ICG dosages.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Margalit
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lakhanpal
authors.forename: Mark O M
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grebe
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Kah-Guan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Au Eong
authors.forename: Michel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.forename: Gildo Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiland
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Juan
authors.forename: Salvadori A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: D'Anna
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Humayun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007267:Injections; D008853:Microscopy; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green