title: Modelling in the economic evaluation of health care: selecting the appropriate approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of alternative approaches to modelling in economic evaluation, and to highlight situations where each of the alternative modelling techniques should be employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the available approaches to modelling in the economic evaluation of health care interventions with a leading discussion of examples of published studies leading to guidance in the selection of an appropriate approach in different circumstances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main approaches to modelling used in economic evaluations in health care are decision trees, Markov models and individual sampling models. These methods assume independence of individuals within the model. Where interaction between individuals is important, other methods such as discrete-event simulation or system dynamics are preferable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper highlights the crucial question to be answered when selecting the approach to modelling: can the individuals being simulated in the model be regarded as independent? This issue is very commonly not recognised by analysts but is fundamental to the appropriate application of modelling in economic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Facility, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Pelham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Stirling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D003663:Decision Trees; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008390:Markov Chains; D018803:Models, Economic; D011050:Policy Making; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D035501:Uncertainty