title: Sequencing analysis of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a) gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ghrelin is a novel 28 amino acid peptide which is reported to have several endocrine and non-endocrine actions. It possesses strong growth hormone (GH)-releasing activity, which is mediated via the GH secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a). We hypothesised that there might be functional sequential variations in the GHS-R1a gene affecting phenotypes linked to the GH/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-axis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test our hypothesis we chose patients from our OPERA (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis) study with low (n=96) and high (n=96) IGF-I levels, sequenced their GHS-R1a gene exons and performed association studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which did not change the amino acid sequence. We were unable to detect associations between the SNPs and the IGF-I plasma concentrations, but instead we showed that SNP 171C>T was associated with the values of the area under the insulin curve (AUCIN) in an oral glucose tolerance test and with IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) concentrations (P<0.05). SNP 477G>A was associated with the low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma levels and AUCIN values (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was the first genomic screening of the GHS-R1a gene in a population. It suggests that genetic variations in the GHS-R1a gene are not the main regulators of IGF-I levels. However, the variants may be associated with IGFBP-1 concentrations and insulin metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.forename: Seppo M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pöykkö
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Räisänen
authors.forename: Y Antero
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005091:Exons; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I