title: Improvement in social-interpersonal functioning after cognitive therapy for recurrent depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive therapy reduces depressive symptoms of major depressive disorder, but little is known about concomitant reduction in social-interpersonal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated social-interpersonal functioning (self-reported social adjustment, interpersonal problems and dyadic adjustment) and depressive symptoms (two self-report and two clinician scales) in adult outpatients (n=156) with recurrent major depressive disorder at several points during a 20-session course of acute phase cognitive therapy. Consenting acute phase responders (n=84) entered a 2-year follow-up phase, which included an 8-month experimental trial comparing continuation phase cognitive therapy to assessment-only control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social-interpersonal functioning improved after acute phase cognitive therapy (dyadic adjustment d=0.47; interpersonal problems d=0.91; social adjustment d=1.19), but less so than depressive symptoms (d=1.55). Improvement in depressive symptoms and social-interpersonal functioning were moderately to highly correlated (r=0.39-0.72). Improvement in depressive symptoms was partly independent of social-interpersonal functioning (r=0.55-0.81), but improvement in social-interpersonal functioning independent of change in depressive symptoms was not significant (r=0.01-0.06). In acute phase responders, continuation phase therapy did not further enhance social-interpersonal functioning, but improvements in social-interpersonal functioning were maintained through the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social-interpersonal functioning is improved after acute phase cognitive therapy and maintained in responders over 2 years. Improvement in social-interpersonal functioning is largely accounted for by decreases in depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Social Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501-4221, USA. vittengl@truman.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vittengl
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jarrett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012917:Social Adjustment