title: Studies on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the nootropic drug fipexide in rat urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Qualitative studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the nootropic fipexide (FIP) in rat urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). FIP was extensively metabolized to 1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazine (MDBP), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]piperazine, N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)piperazine, piperazine, N-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)ethylenediamine, and N-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]ethylenediamine. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC-MS after acid hydrolysis of one urine aliquot, liquid-liquid extraction and acetylation allowed the detection of FIP via its metabolites in rat urine after administration of a common FIP dose. Therefore, this qualitative procedure should also be suitable for detection of a FIP intake in human urine. Differentiation of an intake of FIP from that of other drugs which form common metabolites is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany.
authors.forename: Roland F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Staack
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Maurer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; C038628:fipexide