title: The effects of verapamil vs. allopurinol on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. "An experimental study".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although studies have reported that xanthine oxidase inhibitors or calcium channel blockers attenuate the ischemia-reperfusion injury in several organ systems, no comparative study exists on the significance of each of these pathways. To study this, in anesthetized Wistar Albino rats, a surgical model for intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experimental animals, after laparotomy, the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by a 2-h period of reperfusion; control rats underwent only a sham laparotomy procedure. One group of experimental animals was pretreated intraperitoneally with the calcium channel blocker verapamil (0.3 mg/kg), another group with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (100 mg/kg), the third group received no pretreatment. Plasma lactate, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels as well as intestinal tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were measured to assess for possible protective effects. Histologic evaluation of the extent of injury was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irreversible tissue damage was depicted in the untreated group, and partially in the allopurinol pretreatment group by histologic examination. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was reversible in the verapamil group. The laboratory results also supported these findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protective effects of verapamil on ischemia-reperfusion injury have been found to be significantly (p<0.0001) more effective compared to allopurinol.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital 3rd Surgical Clinic, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulah
authors.forename: H Tanju
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Besler
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akdag
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oruc
authors.forename: Gulcin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altinok
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kulacoglu
authors.forename: M Mahir
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coskun
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007773:Lactates; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000493:Allopurinol; D014700:Verapamil; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase