title: Sialic acid is a marker of lung injury following lower extremities ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tests whether sialic acid is a mediator of the lung injury following lower extremity ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Design. Prospective randomised study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: group 1, aorta was exposed but not clamped; group 2, aorta clamped for 3 h, followed by 1 h of reperfusion; group 3, 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline administrated before the aorta was clamped; and group 4, 1 mg/kg dexametasone administrated before the aorta was clamped. Serial arterial blood samples for blood gas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and total SA (TSA) assay were obtained. The lungs were removed and histologically examined for evidence of injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups 2, 3, and 4 had significantly higher peak serum TSA concentrations compared with groups 1 (group 1 vs. 2, p=0.001; group 1 vs. 3, p=0.002; group 1 vs. 4, p=0.001). Group 3 had lower peak serum TSA concentration. Groups 2 and 4 had significantly higher peak serum TNF-alpha concentrations (p=0.0001) compared with groups 1 and 3. Group 3 had lower peak serum TNF-alpha concentration. Lower TSA and TNF-alpha levels are associated with lesser degrees of lung injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSA and TNF appear during events that lead to lung injury following lower extremity I/R.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berkan
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Göl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Içağasioğlu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cetnkaya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Günay
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid