title: Population immunity to measles in the United States, 1999.
abstract: To estimate population immunity, we examined measles immunity among residents of the United States in 1999 from serological and vaccine coverage surveys. For persons aged >or=20 years, serological data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) were used. For persons <20 years of age, immunity was estimated from results of the National Immunization Survey (1994-1998), state surveys of school entrants (1990-2000), and vaccine coverage surveys of adolescents (1997). To estimate immunity from vaccine coverage data, 95% vaccine efficacy was used for recipients of a single dose at >or=12 years of age and 99% vaccine efficacy was used for those with failure of a first dose who were revaccinated. Overall, calculated population immunity was found to be 93%. Although there was not much variation in immunity by region and state, in some large urban centers immunity among preschool-aged children was as low as 86%. Overall, geographic- and age-specific estimates of a high population immunity support the epidemiological evidence that measles disease is no longer endemic in the United States.
authors.affiliation: National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ssh1@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Sonja S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hutchins
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Coronado
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiles
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wooten
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deladisma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology*; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008458:Measles Vaccine