title: Increased expression of NF-kappa B subunits in human pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activation of NF-kappa B-dependent antiapoptotic genes may factor in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. It is not known whether NF-kappa B subunit composition changes during oncogenesis and regulates overall NF-kappa B activation. We compared the relative expression of NF-kappa B subunits with nuclear activation of p65 between variably differentiated pancreatic cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proliferating human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1, BxPC-3) and nonmalignant intestinal cells (FHS 74 Int) were harvested. Baseline expression of NF-kappa B subunits (p65, p52, p50, c-Rel) and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha were determined by Western blot. Nuclear NF-kappa B p65 activity was measured by ELISA. Results were analyzed by ANOVA (P < 0.05) and Tukey's HSD for pairwise comparisons when appropriate (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constitutive expression of NF-kappa B subunits was detected in proliferating, intestinal cells (FHS 74 Int). Both cytoplasmic (I kappa B-alpha, p50, p52, p65) and nuclear (p50, p52, p65, c-Rel) NF-kappa B subunits were significantly increased in both PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells compared to FHS 74 Int. While nuclear p65 subunit levels were similarly elevated, actual p65 activity was only significantly greater in PANC-1 cells compared to either BxPC-3 or FHS 74 Int (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to nonmalignant proliferating intestinal cells, these pancreatic cancer cell lines have increased levels of NF-kappa B subunits. Actual nuclear NF-kappa B activity, however, appears to correlate more with degree of tumor differentiation than with NF-kappa B subunit expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. mcallery@caregroup.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Canete
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Callery
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel / Q000032:analysis; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha