Multicenter experience with upper gastrointestinal polyps in pediatric patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
BACKGROUND
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary cancer syndrome that includes gastro-duodenal involvement, polyposis, and a propensity to adenocarcinoma necessitating endoscopic surveillance. There are few data describing pediatric upper gastrointestinal FAP resulting in conflicting screening recommendations.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize pediatric gastroduodenal FAP and to investigate the association between symptoms at endoscopy and APC mutation analysis with endoscopic-histologic findings warranting surveillance.


METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed, including all children with FAP who underwent upper endoscopy (EGD) at two institutions; (UNMC: 1992-2002, JHH: 1983-2002), all biopsies were reviewed and the APC mutations present in the cohort of patients were correlated to the pattern of severity of endoscopic findings and the frequency of APC mutations identified through commercially available testing for FAP (Labcorp: 1998-2002).


RESULTS
Twenty-four patients from 21 families underwent 49 EGDs. Eighty-three percent were asymptomatic at the time of endoscopy. The most common finding was fundic gland polyposis (FGP) (51%), of which 42% and 15% harbored dysplasia and changes indefinite for dysplasia, respectively. Periampullary duodenal adenomata were present in 41% of patients with one patient necessitating ampullectomy. Symptoms at endoscopy were not predictive of premalignant changes. In 15 patients where the APC mutation was known patients with dysplastic FGP, gastric, or duodenal adenoma were more likely to harbor a mutation between codons 1225-1694 than the reference population (p= 0.006).


CONCLUSIONS
All pediatric patients with FAP warrant upper gastrointestinal screening and surveillance endoscopy from the time of initial colonoscopy irrespective of referable symptoms. Patients with APC mutation between codon 1225-1694 may be more susceptible to aggressive gastroduodenal involvement in FAP.
Attard
Thomas M
TM
Department of Pediatrics, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5160, USA.
Cuffari
Carmen
C
Tajouri
Tanya
T
Stoner
Julie A
JA
Eisenberg
Marcia T
MT
Yardley
John H
JH
Abraham
Susan C
SC
Perry
Deborah
D
Vanderhoof
Jon
J
Lynch
Henry
H
D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011127:Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions; D012189:Retrospective Studies