title: An economic analysis of the current universal 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccination program in the United States.
abstract: To evaluate the economic impact of the current 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination program in the United States, a decision tree-based analysis was conducted with population-based vaccination coverage and disease incidence data. All costs were estimated for a hypothetical US birth cohort of 3803295 infants born in 2001. The 2-dose MMR vaccination program was cost-saving from both the direct cost and societal perspectives compared with the absence of MMR vaccination, with net savings (net present value) from the direct cost and societal perspectives of US dollars 3.5 billion and US dollars 7.6 billion, respectively. The direct and societal benefit-cost ratios for the MMR vaccination program were 14.2 and 26.0. Analysis of the incremental benefit-cost of the second dose showed that direct and societal benefit-cost ratios were 0.31 and 0.49, respectively. Varying the proportion of vaccines purchased and administered in the public versus the private sector had little effect on the results. From both perspectives under even the most conservative assumptions, the national 2-dose MMR vaccination program is highly cost-beneficial and results in substantial cost savings.
authors.affiliation: National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. faz1@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Fangjun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reef
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massoudi
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Papania
authors.forename: Hussain R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bardenheier
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McCauley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008457:Measles / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D009107:Mumps / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012409:Rubella / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine