Life-threatening hypokalemia in an asthmatic patient treated with high-dose hydrocortisone.
Although modest hypokalemia is frequently observed in asthmatic patients being treated with bronchodilators, profound hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis are rarely reported in patients receiving high-dose hydrocortisone (HC). We describe a 66-year-old man who complained of generalized muscle weakness, shallow respiration, and palpitations after receiving high-dose intravenous HC (total dose, 2400 mg over 4 days) to treat a severe asthma attack. During this therapy, there was a weight gain of 1.0 kg. An electrocardiogram revealed ventricular arrhythmia with frequent premature ventricular contractions. Hypokalemia was profound, with plasma potassium (K+) concentration of 1.7 mEq/L, and associated with renal potassium wasting, as evidenced by a transtubular potassium concentration gradient of 12; metabolic alkalosis (plasma HCO3-, 37 mEq/L) was also present. When treated with spironolactone, KCl supplementation, and substitution of HC with prednisolone, his plasma K+ concentration rapidly normalized, metabolic alkalosis was corrected, and arrhythmia disappeared within 3 days. Because of unwanted mineralocorticoid side-effects, high-dose HC may cause life-threatening hypokalemia in asthmatic patients. Because of these potential risks, plasma acid-base and electrolyte concentrations should be monitored frequently in any patient treated with high-dose HC.
Tsai
Weng-Sheng
WS
Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Wu
Chien-Ping
CP
Hsu
Yu-Juei
YJ
Lin
Shih-Hua
SH
D000368:Aged; D000471:Alkalosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male
D006854:Hydrocortisone