Birth of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood.
Only mammals have relinquished parthenogenesis, a means of producing descendants solely from maternal germ cells. Mouse parthenogenetic embryos die by day 10 of gestation. Bi-parental reproduction is necessary because of parent-specific epigenetic modification of the genome during gametogenesis. This leads to unequal expression of imprinted genes from the maternal and paternal alleles. However, there is no direct evidence that genomic imprinting is the only barrier to parthenogenetic development. Here we show the development of a viable parthenogenetic mouse individual from a reconstructed oocyte containing two haploid sets of maternal genome, derived from non-growing and fully grown oocytes. This development was made possible by the appropriate expression of the Igf2 and H19 genes with other imprinted genes, using mutant mice with a 13-kilobase deletion in the H19 gene as non-growing oocytes donors. This full-term development is associated with a marked reduction in aberrantly expressed genes. The parthenote developed to adulthood with the ability to reproduce offspring. These results suggest that paternal imprinting prevents parthenogenesis, ensuring that the paternal contribution is obligatory for the descendant.
Kono
Tomohiro
T
Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. tomohiro@nodai.ac.jp
Obata
Yayoi
Y
Wu
Quiong
Q
Niwa
Katsutoshi
K
Ono
Yukiko
Y
Yamamoto
Yuji
Y
Park
Eun Sung
ES
Seo
Jeong-Sun
JS
Ogawa
Hidehiko
H
D000818:Animals; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics; D006238:Haploidy; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010312:Parthenogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics
C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II