Novel strategies for the pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by high concentrations of glucose in the blood, which is caused by decreased secretion of insulin from the pancreas and decreased insulin action. This condition is prevalent worldwide and is associated with morbidity and mortality secondary to complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke and end-stage renal disease. The importance of tight control of blood glucose in either preventing or delaying the progression of complications is recognized. Currently, there are many therapeutic options to treat hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. However, tight control is difficult to achieve and is often associated with side-effects. Recent advances in understanding insulin secretion, action and signaling have led to the development of new pharmacological agents. In this article, we review new molecules that are promising candidates for the future management of diabetes, focusing on their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety profile and potential benefits compared with pharmacological agents that are available currently.
Nourparvar
Arash
A
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, SSB # 290, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Bulotta
Angela
A
Di Mario
Umberto
U
Perfetti
Riccardo
R
D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014157:Transcription Factors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon