title: Growth hormone receptor expression and function in pituitary adenomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypopituitarism, in particular GH deficiency, is prevalent in patients with clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) both before and after surgery. The factors regulating the growth of pituitary adenomas in general and residual tumour tissue in particular are not fully characterized, and the effect of GH and IGF-I on human pituitary cell proliferation has not previously been reported. In NFPA tissue from 14 patients we evaluated GH receptor (GHR) expression and signal transduction, and the effect of GH and IGF-I exposure on cell proliferation and hormone secretion in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples from 14 NFPAs were investigated. Expression of GHR in tissue samples was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Six tumours were immunostained with a GHR antibody. In the cell cultures, STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) phosphorylation was measured by Western blot analysis as an index of GHR signalling; cell proliferation was evaluated by [H3]-thymidine incorporation and glycoprotein hormone production analysed by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All adenomas investigated expressed the GHR, but there was no detection of STAT5 phosphorylation. Overall, GH and IGF-I administration did not significantly stimulate cell proliferation in vitro, although some individual adenomas exhibited a proliferative response to various extents. GH also did not significantly influence glycoprotein hormone secretion in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH receptors are expressed in human pituitary adenoma cells but their functional role is uncertain. GH and IGF-I do not consistently influence the proliferation of cultured pituitary adenoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes) and Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lene R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: Mikkel T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Billestrup
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blaabjerg
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ledet
authors.forename: Jens O L
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone