title: Chicken consumption is a newly identified risk factor for sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections in the United States: a case-control study in FoodNet sites.
abstract: The sources of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) infections in the United States are unclear. To determine risk factors for sporadic SE infection, we conducted a population-based case-control study in 5 Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network surveillance areas. During the 12-month study, 396 cases of SE infection were ascertained. Among the 182 case patients and 345 controls, SE infection was univariately associated with international travel (matched odds ratio [MOR], 61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8-447), eating undercooked eggs (MOR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1-5), and eating chicken prepared outside of the home (MOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4). Multivariate analysis revealed that eating chicken outside of the home remained the only significant risk factor for illness (MOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6). Chicken consumption has not previously been identified in the United States as a risk factor for SE infection. Measures to prevent SE infections include educating consumers and food handlers about food safety and interventions to decrease contamination of eggs and poultry.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Information Management Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Disease, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Akiko C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Vasudha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ruthanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cieslak
authors.forename: Janet C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mohle-Boetani
authors.forename: Heidi D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kassenborg
authors.forename: Suzanne D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Segler
authors.forename: Felicia P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Hardnett
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology