title: Fluorophotometric evaluation of blood-retinal barrier permeability in patients with essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The fluorophotometric evaluation of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity in patients with essential hypertension (EH) without signs of BRB damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  55 subjects participated in the study: 36 patients with EH and 19 normotensive healthy volunteers; 22 men and 33 women. The protocol included ophthalmic examination, fluorescein angiography, fluorophotometry, laboratory tests (total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, serum creatinine concentration, fasting glucose concentration, oral glucose test), urinary cotinine concentration measurement and cotinine-creatinine ratio (CCR) calculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BRB permeability (P(BRB)) in patients with EH was significantly higher than in the control group (2.24 +/- 0.68 vs. 1.64 +/- 0.64 nm/s; p = 0.003). In hypertensive patients with CCR >50 ng/mg, the P(BRB) was significantly higher than the P(BRB) in healthy volunteers not exposed to smoke (2.32 vs. 1.68 nm/s; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The P(BRB) in patients with EH is significantly higher than that in the normotensive control group, which shows the damaging effect of EH on the BRB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland. arkadius@mp.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pogrzebielski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lubaszewski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Starzycka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawecka-Jaszcz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015590:Fluorophotometry; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003404:Creatinine; D003367:Cotinine