title: Chemical arthrodesis of the distal tarsal joints using sodium monoiodoacetate in 104 horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate chemical arthrodesis using sodium monoiodoacetate for treatment of degenerative joint disease of the tarsometatarsal and distal intertarsal joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were diagnosed with degenerative joint disease of one or more of the tarsometatarsal or distal intertarsal joints based on history, lameness examination, radiographic findings and, in some cases, response to intra-articular anaesthesia or medication. Intra-articular injections of sodium monoiodoacetate were performed using 23 gauge needles in the sedated, standing horse. Positive contrast arthrography of the distal intertarsal joint was performed in all horses to evaluate needle placement and the presence or absence of communication with other synovial structures. The mean intra-articular dose of sodium monoiodoacetate was 192 mg. Horses were subject to a graded exercise program commencing 7 to 10 days after treatment. Where possible, follow up lameness examination and radiography was performed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, respectively, 0/57, 14/55, 41/50, and 29/34 of horses were sound. At 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, respectively, 5/55, 24/38, 26/30 and 18/18 of horses had radiographic evidence of ankylosis of treated joints. Post injection pain was marked in 6.7% of horses and significant complications requiring further treatment occurred in 3.8% of horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical arthrodesis using sodium monoiodoacetate was an effective treatment method for degenerative joint disease of the distal tarsal joints. The technique was performed in the sedated standing horse and required minimal equipment. Results were comparable to those achieved following surgical arthrodesis. The risk of significant complications was minimised through good technique using an appropriate injection volume and concentration.
authors.affiliation: University Veterinary Centre, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Werombi Road, Camden, New South Wales 2570.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dart
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000662:veterinary; D007461:Iodoacetates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000209:etiology; D009517:New South Wales; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography; D011996:Records / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013640:Tarsal Joints; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007461:Iodoacetates