title: In vitro evaluation of human dental enamel surface roughness bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide and submitted to abrasive dentifrice brushing.
abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness of human enamel bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide at different times and submitted to different superficial cleaning treatments: G1 - not brushed; G2 - brushed with fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G3 - brushed with a non-fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G4 - brushed without dentifrice. Sixty fragments of human molar teeth with 4 x 4 mm were obtained using a diamond disc. The specimens were polished with sandpaper and abrasive pastes. A perfilometer was used to measure roughness average (Ra) values of the initial surface roughness and at each 7-day-interval after the beginning of treatment. The bleaching was performed on the surface of the fragments for 1 hour a week, and the surface cleaning treatment for 3 minutes daily. The samples were stored in individual receptacles with artificial saliva. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test revealed significant differences in surface roughness values for G2 and G3, which showed an increase in roughness over time; G1 and G4 showed no significant roughness differences. The bleaching with 35% carbamide peroxide did not alter the enamel surface roughness, but when the bleaching treatment was performed combined with brushing with abrasive dentifrices, there was a significant increase in roughness values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas.
authors.forename: Claudia Cia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Worschech
authors.forename: José Augusto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Luis Roberto Marcondes
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Gláucia Maria Bovi
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000009:adverse effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D016877:Oxidants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014508:Urea / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D005459:Fluorides