title: The accuracy of various tests for bacterial vaginosis in predicting preterm birth: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy with which various types of tests for bacterial vaginosis predict spontaneous preterm birth in pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified without language restrictions through nine different databases, and manual searching of bibliographies of known primary and review articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  There are four different bacterial vaginosis testing methods: Gram staining tests using either Nugent's or Spiegel's criteria, and gas liquid chromatography are laboratory based, and the fourth method uses clinical (Amsel's) criteria to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on their characteristics, quality and accuracy. Accuracy data were used to form 2 x 2 contingency tables of the bacterial vaginosis test results with spontaneous preterm birth as the reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on asymptomatic women and women with symptoms of threatened preterm labour were analysed separately. Data were pooled to produce summary estimates of likelihood ratios for positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) test results for the various types of tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 18 primary articles, involving altogether 17,868 women. There was unexplained heterogeneity in the meta-analyses of the accuracy results, which requires caution in their interpretation. Meta-analyses of studies testing asymptomatic women in the second trimester showed that clinical criteria had a LR+ of 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.59 to 1.6) and a LR- of 1.00 (0.93 to 1.1), Gram staining (Nugent's criteria) had a LR+ of 1.6 (1.4 to 1.9) and a LR- of 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9), and Gram staining (Spiegel's criteria) had a LR+ of 2.4 (1.4 to 4.9) and a LR- of 0.81 (0.64 to 1.0). Among symptomatic women, Gram staining (Spiegel's criteria) had a LR+ of 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) and LR- of 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a lack of difference in the accuracy of the various bacterial vaginosis tests for predicting preterm birth in both asymptomatic and symptomatic women of threatened preterm labour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Honest
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honest
authors.forename: Lucas M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Janesh K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleijnen
authors.forename: Khalid S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000382:microbiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*