title: Persecutory delusions and the determination of self-relevance: an fMRI investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with persecutory delusions regard ambiguous data in the social domain as self-relevant and selectively attend to threatening information. This study aimed to characterize these social cognitive biases in functional neuroanatomical terms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight schizophrenic patients with active persecutory delusions and eight matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while determining the self-relevance of ambiguous self-relevant or unambiguous other-relevant neutral and threatening statements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In determining self-relevance, the deluded subjects showed a marked absence of rostral-ventral anterior cingulate activation together with increased posterior cingulate gyrus activation in comparison to the normal subjects. The influence of threat on self-relevance determination did not yield statistically significant differences between deluded and normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities of cingulate gyrus activation while determining self-relevance suggest impaired self-reflection in the persecutory deluded state. This may contribute to persecutory belief formation and maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London. nblackwood@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Blackwood
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bentall
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ffytche
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010259:Paranoid Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019455:Self Psychology