title: New Mexico's 1998 drive-up liquor window closure. Study I: effect on alcohol-involved crashes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the spatial relationship between drive-up liquor window locations and alcohol-related traffic crashes for 2 years before and after New Mexico banned drive-through alcohol sales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current liquor licenses, crash data, roadway information and US Census data were used in this analysis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analyses were applied to the entire state, and to Albuquerque only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all NM liquor licenses, 189 (9%) included drive-up sales, which co-occurred with on- or off-premise licenses (94%). The rate of non-pedestrian alcohol-related crashes relative to non-pedestrian total crashes showed an increasing trend prior to closure and a decreasing trend after the closure. Cross-sectional analyses in Albuquerque revealed that the percentage of alcohol-involved crashes was not related to densities of on- or off-premise outlets per kilometer of roadway, or to percentage of drive-up outlets. Statewide, the percentage of drive-up outlets was not significantly related to the percentage of alcohol-related crashes within census tracts but was associated positively with the percentage of alcohol-related crashes in surrounding census tracts. There was no statistically significant relationship between number of drive-ups and percentage of alcohol-related crashes in either longitudinal model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the declining rate of alcohol-related crashes following closure of drive-up liquor windows, both in Albuquerque and statewide, regression models using spatial data do not demonstrate definitively an association between the decline and the closure of the drive-up liquor windows.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA. slapham@bhrcs.org
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lapham
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gruenwald
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Remer
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Layne
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis