title: Standardized tests fail to assess the effects of antibiotics on environmental bacteria.
abstract: Pharmaceuticals are designed and used because of their specific biological effects. Over the past decade, compounds from various classes of pharmaceuticals have been detected in the environment. Concern has grown about the adverse effects pharmaceuticals in the environment might potentially have on human and ecological health. A sound risk assessment is therefore urgently needed for pharmaceuticals. Standardized tests for assessing the effects of chemicals on environmental organisms are widely used for this purpose. However it is questionable whether classical standardized tests give reliable data needed for environmental risk assessment. In this study we investigated the suitability of the respiration inhibition test OECD 209 for the assessment of the effects of antibiotics, disinfectants and cytotoxics on sewage sludge bacteria. We found that inhibition concentrations can strongly depend on the test period and the type of compound. We conclude that tests to assess the effects of pharmaceuticals on environmental organisms such as bacteria have to be evaluated before their results can be used in environmental risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, Freiburg i.Br. D-79106, Germany. klaus.kuemmerer@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kümmerer
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alexy
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hüttig
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schöll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D012722:Sewage