title: Comparison of low shear, high shear, and fluid bed granulation during low dose tablet process development.
abstract: Three processing methods were compared to develop a low dose (0.1%) immediate release tablet. Similar formulations were used to evaluate low shear, high shear, and fluid bed granulation methods. For each granulation process, the drug was dissolved or suspended in the granulating fluid and sprayed into the granulator. Both water and methanol were evaluated as granulating fluids. The low shear granulation was performed in a Patterson-Kelley V-Blender with I-bar. The high shear granulation was performed in a GRAL (top entry impeller) and a Diosna (bottom mounted impeller). Fluid bed granulation was also performed using top-spray. Acceptable content uniformity was obtained using each technology. The type of granulator and granulating solvent affected the granulation particle size distributions and bulk/tap densities. However, the addition of extragranular microcrystalline cellulose minimized the effect of variable granulation properties and allowed similar tablets to be produced from each granulation process.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Norwich, New York 13815, USA. hausman.ds@pg.com
authors.forename: Debra S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hausman
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D013607:Tablets; D002482:Cellulose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose