title: Risk of death in prisoners after release from jail.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the risk of death in a cohort of Western Australian released prisoners with the risk experienced by the general population of Western Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study of prisoners in Western Australia whose last date of release ranged from 1 January 1994 to 1 January 1999. Overall mortality and cause of death were determined by data linkage to the Registrar General's record of deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aboriginal prisoners had a significantly lower survival rate after release than non-Aboriginal prisoners (p < 0.0001). When compared with their peers in the Western Australian community, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners were found to have an increased relative risk of death. Female non-Aboriginal released prisoners aged between 20 and 40 years were 17.8 (95% CI 8.1-27.5) times more likely to die than other female non-Aboriginals in Western Australia in the same age range. Male non-Aboriginal prisoners aged 20-40 years were 6.3 (95% CI 5.2-7.4) times more likely to die than their counterparts in the WA community. Female Aboriginal released prisoners were 3.4 (95% CI 1.2-5.6) times more likely to die than their peers, while male Aboriginal released prisoners were 2.9 (95% CI 2.2-3.5) times more likely to die. In their first six months after release, female non-Aboriginal prisoners aged 20 to 40 years were 69.1 (95% CI 17.9-120.3) times more likely to die than their counterparts in the WA community. The main causes of excess death were related to drug and alcohol abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All prisoners were at greater than expected relative risk of death after release from prison, with female non-Aboriginal prisoners at particularly high relative risk.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: M S T
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ridout
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Knuiman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011330:Prisons; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology