title: Patterns and determinants of psychoactive drug use in Lisbon University students--a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the patterns and determinants of psychoactive drug use by Lisbon University students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted, from January to April 2000, in a probabilistic sample of 1,147 students. Information about use of psychoactive drugs and co-variates was collected by a questionnaire administered by trained interviewers. Psychoactive drugs were considered to be all medicines classified in group N (nervous system) of the ATC system except the anesthetics (subgroup N01) and the analgesics (subgroup N02).
  
  
  RESULTS
  91 students (7.9%) had taken psychoactive drugs during the fortnight before the interview, 39 of whom (42.8%) mentioned continuous use. The prevalence of use was significantly higher in females (9.6%), older than 25 years (13.1%), married (16%), who considered themselves to have a weak health status (21.7%), as under intense stress (15.5%). After adjustment by multivariate analysis the variables sex, self-evaluation of health status and daily stress retained a higher significant association with psychoactive drug use. A total of 132 drugs were reported as being used in that period. Tranquilizers (ATC = N05B or N05C) were used by 82 students (7.2%), while 22 (1.9%) consumed psychoactive stimulants (N06B) and 19 (1.7%) antidepressants (N06A). In all of these therapeutical subgroups, females had higher consumption prevalence than males, but the difference was statistically significant only for tranquilizers (P < 0.001). Anxiety, depression and insomnia were the most frequently stated health problems. More than 90% of drug consumers considered they had a compliant attitude and about 60% considered themselves well-informed about adverse effects of the drug used. The reported prevalence of self-medication for psychoactive drugs used was 12.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of psychoactive drug use among students of Lisbon University was higher than expected, considering age group and the usual health status of this population. The administration of a questionnaire was a very useful tool to characterise the pattern of use and the consumer's knowledge about the drugs consumed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal. jcabrita@ff.ul.pt
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabrita
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iglésias
authors.forename: Telmo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Evangelista
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Adelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes da Silva
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pereira Miguel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000145:classification; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013334:Students; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs