title: Spontaneous right ventricular disruption following treatment of sternal infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous right ventricular disruption is a rare and frequently catastrophic event that occurs during the treatment of mediastinitis complicating median sternotomy wound.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to understand the pathogenesis of the spontaneous right ventricular disruption and to suggest strategies for the prevention and treatment of this rare but potentially fatal complication of cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report three cases as an introduction to the review of 39 cases found in the English-language literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients (71%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting as the primary procedure prior to the development of a sternal infection. Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis were cultured most frequently from the sternal wound (31% and 24%, respectively). The mean interval between sternal debridement and the right ventricular disruption was 2.9 days. Most patients (24 of 42) required cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of the right ventricular disruption. Biologic patches and adjuncts were used in 15 patients (36%). Eight patients (19%) died either preoperatively or on the operating-room table.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous right ventricular disruption is a potentially preventable complication. To prevent this complication we recommend: (1) avoidance of delay between diagnosis and operative treatment of mediastinitis; (2) complete lysis of adhesions between the posterior sternal edge and anterior surface of the right ventricle under general anesthesia with heart-lung machine stand-by; (3) repair of the right ventricular tear using biologic patches with heart-lung machine stand-by; (4) early (if possible immediate) closure of the chest with a myocutaneous flap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA. akhoy@lycos.com
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoynezhad
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: L Michael
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Graver
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006341:Heart Rupture / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008480:Mediastinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013249:Sternum / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology