title: Locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of smokers: a clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the association of locally delivered doxycycline (10%) with scaling and root planing in the periodontal treatment of smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with chronic periodontitis and a minimum of four pockets (> or = 5 mm) on anterior teeth that bled on probing were selected. Patients were randomly assigned to scaling and root planing (SRP) or scaling and root planing followed by local application of doxycycline (SRP-D). Plaque, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, relative attachment level (RAL), and probing depth (PD) were recorded at baseline, 45 days, and 3 and 6 months. Differences between baseline and each period were considered for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months, no difference was found between groups regarding plaque, bleeding reduction, gingival recession or PD (P > 0.05). However, RAL gain was greater for SRP-D (1.63 +/- 0.93 mm) than for SRP (1.04 +/- 0.71 mm) (P = 0.025). In addition, deep pockets (> or = 7 mm) showed a significant reduction (3.78 +/- 1.41 versus 2.60 +/- 1.28 mm, P = 0.039) and RAL gain (2.54 +/- 1.27 mm versus 1.29 +/- 0.95 mm, P = 0.01) when doxycycline was applied. The proportion of sites showing RAL gain of 1 to 2 mm was 36.8% versus 21.7% for SRP-D and SRP, respectively (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of locally delivered doxycycline may constitute an important adjunct for the treatment of severe periodontal disease in smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machion
authors.forename: Denise Carleto
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Andia
authors.forename: Bruno Braga
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.forename: Marcelo Diniz
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Getúlio R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Filho
authors.forename: Márcio Zafallon
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: Francisco H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.forename: Enilson Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sallum
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016745:Root Planing; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004318:Doxycycline