title: Parent-reported predictors of adolescent panic attacks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify parent-reported risk factors for adolescent panic attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured diagnostic interviews were obtained from 770 parents of participants in a school-based risk factor study for adolescent panic. Parent-reported risk factors assessed included characteristics of the child (negative affect, separation anxiety disorder [SAD], childhood chronic illness, and childhood loss) as well as characteristics of the parent (parental panic disorder or agoraphobia [PDA], parental major depression, and parental chronic illness).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bivariate predictors of adolescent panic attacks included parent history of PDA, parent history of chronic illness, child negative affect, and child SAD. Using signal detection methods, three subgroups of participants at risk for panic attacks were identified. Fifty-eight percent of adolescents with panic attacks belonged to one of these high-risk groups. Adolescents with a positive parental history of PDA were at highest risk: 24% of this group experienced panic attacks. Among those without a positive parental history of PDA, those with high childhood negative affect or history of SAD were at increased risk for panic attacks (14% and 20%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of parent-reported data provides cross-validation for previously identified risk factors of adolescent panic attacks. Signal detection results suggest there are multiple paths (equifinality) to the development of adolescent panic attacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, USA. hayward@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Kristy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lagle
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Killen
authors.forename: C Barr
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis