title: Lipid-lowering therapy with statins in high-risk elderly patients: the treatment-risk paradox.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The benefits of cardiovascular therapies such as statins for secondary prevention have been well documented, although they may not be optimally used in patients most likely to benefit. Ideally, aggressiveness in the use of these beneficial therapies should correlate with baseline cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between physicians' treatment aggressiveness and baseline cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study incorporating the use of multiple linked health care administrative databases covering more than 1.4 million elderly residents of Ontario. We included 396,077 patients aged 66 years or older who had a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes while undergoing medical treatment and who were alive on April 1, 1998. Baseline cardiovascular risk was derived using a risk-adjustment index in which we modeled probability of death after 3 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Likelihood of statin use, stratified by baseline cardiovascular risk, after adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and rural or urban residence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 75,617 patients (19.1%) in this secondary prevention cohort were prescribed statins. In patients 66 to 74 years old, the adjusted probabilities of statin prescription were 37.7%, 26.7%, and 23.4% in the categories of low, intermediate, and high baseline risk, respectively. The likelihood of statin prescription was 6.4% lower (adjusted odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.95) for each year of increase in age and each 1% increase in predicted 3-year mortality risk. The influence of age also interacted synergistically with baseline risk on the prescription of statins (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that prescription of statins diminished progressively as baseline cardiovascular risk and future probability of death increased. Since the benefits of a therapy are dependent on the baseline risk, the maximum benefits of statins may not be fully realized until implementation of therapy includes patients at highest risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Centre, and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Dennis T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamdani
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Alter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors