title: Mute swans, Cygnus olor, killed from collision with electrical wires, a study of two situations in Sweden.
abstract: Different studies indicate that 19-38% of the Swedish ringed Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) are killed by collision with electrical wires. The relative frequency of killed swans is not related to the density or type of electrical wires in the landscape, but to where in the landscape the wires are constructed, and to the time when mass movements of swans occur. Experience (age), bodyweight ("too heavy to raise"), breast muscle weakening ("engine problems") and heavy metal (lead) loads strongly affect the chances of birds avoiding collision; but, swans not belonging to these risk-groups are also killed. Different skeletal injuries were found in dead birds after collision but many of them were not lethal. It was proved, however, that most collision-birds ultimately died from liver damage, probably caused by their heavy bodies hitting the ground.
authors.affiliation: Natural History Museum, Box 7283, 402 35 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathiasson