title: Effect of 8-oxoguanine on transcription elongation by T7 RNA polymerase and mammalian RNA polymerase II.
abstract: 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is a major oxidative lesion produced in DNA by normal cellular metabolism or after exposure to exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation. Persistence of this lesion in DNA causes G to T transversions, with deleterious consequences for the cell. As a result, several repair processes have evolved to remove this lesion from the genome. It has been reported that 8-oxoG is subject to transcription-coupled repair (TCR), a process dedicated to removal of lesions from transcribed strands of expressed genes. A current model assumes that RNA polymerase arrest at the site of the lesion is required for initiation of TCR. As a first step to understand how TCR of 8-oxoG occurs, we have studied the effect of 8-oxoG on transcription elongation by T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) and rat liver RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). We have utilized an in vitro transcription system with purified RNA polymerase and initiation factors, and substrates containing a single 8-oxoG in the transcribed or in the non-transcribed strand downstream of the T7 promoter or the Adenovirus major late promoter. We found that 8-oxoG only slightly inhibited T7 RNAP transcription, with a readthrough frequency of up to 95%. Similarly, this lesion only transiently blocked transcription by RNAPII. However, changes in nucleotide concentration affected the extent of RNAPII blockage at the 8-oxoG. When this lesion was positioned in the non-transcribed strand, complete lesion bypass was observed with either polymerase. Binding of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH2-MSH6 complex to 8-oxoG containing substrates did not increase the frequency of RNAPII arrest at the site of the lesion, suggesting that this complex was displaced by the elongating polymerase. These results are discussed in the context of possible models for TCR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. silviat@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tornaletti
authors.forename: Lauren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kolodner
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hanawalt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013698:Templates, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C024829:8-hydroxyguanine; D006147:Guanine; D004247:DNA; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; C062210:bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C497174:Msh2 protein, rat; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein