title: Outcome of patients identified as dead (beyond resuscitation) at the point of the emergency call.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, an emergency ambulance is dispatched to all cardiac arrest victims. This study aimed to determine the outcome of patients with a dispatch code of 09B01 ("obvious death") and considers the appropriateness of dispatching a non-emergency response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dispatch records, patient report forms, and hospital records were reviewed to determine patient outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the one year study period 141 emergency calls were coded as 09B01. Records were obtained for 59 of these cases (42%). Ambulance crews diagnosed 54 as beyond resuscitation (91.5%, 95% CI 79.5% to 96.2%). Three received resuscitation attempts (5.1%, 95% CI 1.1% to 14.2%): two were subsequently pronounced dead at scene and one on arrival at hospital. Two patients were not in cardiac arrest (3.4%, 95% CI 0.4% to 11.7%): one was a transiently unconscious assault victim, and one had a hand injury after a road accident. Three patients coded as 09B01 were transported to hospital for treatment other than confirmation of death (5.1%, 95% CI 1.1% to 14.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all patients coded 09B01 by dispatchers are assessed as "dead beyond resuscitation" by attending ambulance crews. Although poor data recovery and a small sample size limited the study, its findings suggest that it is inappropriate to allocate a non-emergency response to 09B01 (obvious death) calls.
authors.affiliation: Pre-hospital Emergency Research Unit, University of Wales College of Medicine/Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust, UK. Leighton@neath43.fsnet.co.uk <Leighton@neath43.fsnet.co.uk>
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woollard
mesh_terms: D003643:Death; D003657:Decision Making; D004630:Emergencies; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000592:standards*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000592:standards; D005568:Forms and Records Control / Q000592:standards; D006302:Health Services Research; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records / Q000592:standards*; D011379:Prognosis; D012151:Resuscitation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014218:Triage / Q000592:standards*; D014852:Wales