title: Evidence for trans-cuticular uptake of HNO3 vapor by foliage of Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.).
abstract: Forest declines in Europe and the northeastern United States are widely believed to be associated with deposition of air pollutants, perhaps including nitric acid vapor. The experiments presented here, which were conducted in indoor chambers, involved measurement of steady-state rates of nitric acid deposition on foliage of seedlings of eastern white pine. Nitric acid concentrations ranged from 37 to 1260 ppb, but were mostly in the 130-180 ppb range. Between 130 and 180 ppb, much of the deposited nitric acid could be removed by washing leaf surfaces with water. Amounts of nitrate removed by washing increased with exposure duration to a maximum of 7.6 nmol cm(-2) after about 8 h. Although nitrate concentrations in the washings remained constant after 8 h, nitric acid deposition nonetheless continued at a steady-state rate. We have termed this steady-state deposition 'trans-cuticular' on the assumption that the nitric acid diffuses through the cuticle. Resistance to trans-cuticular uptake (69 m(2) s mol(-1)) far exceeded resistance to diffusion across the unstirred layer at the surface of the leaf (5 m(2) s mol(-1)). High concentrations used in these experiments preclude quantitative extrapolation to ambient conditions; however, we have demonstrated that the white pine cuticle is both a major storage pool and a major barrier to uptake of deposited nitric acid.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Science Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan 48090-9055, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cadle