title: Gender, ethnicity, self-esteem and disordered eating among college athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to compare ethnic and gender differences regarding self-esteem and various disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among elite college athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1445 student athletes from 11 Division I schools were surveyed using a 133-item questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White female athletes reported significantly lower self-esteem than Black female, Black male and White male athletes. Black female athletes' self-esteem was equal to both Black and White male athletes. White female athletes reported significantly higher drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and more disturbed eating behaviors than Black female and both groups of male athletes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrates that White female athletes appear to be most at risk for having difficulty with eating disorders. Their reporting of significantly lower self-esteem indicates that this may be a risk factor that is more characteristic of this ethnic group. Questions are raised about what factors exist in the Black female culture that protect them from low self-esteem and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Laureate Psychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Tulsa, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wittrock
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wonderlich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires