title: Prospective, randomised, double blind, controlled comparison of metoclopramide and pethidine in the emergency treatment of acute primary vascular and tension type headache episodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare analgesic effects of metoclopramide (MTP), pethidine (PET), and combination of metoclopramide-pethidine (M-PET) in the treatment of adult patients with acute primary vascular and tension type headache admitted in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive adult patients admitted into a university hospital ED in six months with acute vascular and tension type headache were recruited. The patients whose complaints had lasted no longer than seven days were randomised to four groups and thereby received 10 mg MTP intravenously plus placebo intramuscularly (MTP), 10 mg MTP intravenously plus 50 mg PET intramuscularly (M-PET), 50 mg PET intramuscularly plus placebo intravenously (PET); and intramuscular and intravenous placebo (PLC) in a blinded fashion. The patients were asked to report the degree of pain at 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes on visual analogue scale (VAS) and demographic data and any side effects encountered were recorded. Rescue medication was used if required by the patient because of poor pain relief.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data regarding 336 patients meeting inclusion criteria were analysed. Mean VAS values recorded at 45 minutes were significantly higher in PLC group than in others (p = 0.000). When the PLC group was excluded, VAS scores in MTP and M-PET groups were significantly lower than in PET group (p = 0.038). Though unimportant, the incidence of side effects recorded in PET group was found to be significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that MTP produces more effective analgesia than PET in both vascular and tension type headache in patients with acute primary headache episodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karcioglu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serinken
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guryay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014653:Vascular Headaches / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008614:Meperidine; D008787:Metoclopramide