title: Association of timing of surgery for hip fracture and patient outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies of surgical timing in patients with hip fracture have yielded conflicting findings on mortality and have not focused on functional outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of timing of surgical repair of hip fracture with function and other outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study including analyses matching cases of early (< or =24 hours) and late (>24 hours) surgery with propensity scores and excluding patients who might not be candidates for early surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hospitals in the New York City metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1206 patients aged 50 years or older admitted with hip fracture over 29 months, ending December 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Function (using the Functional Independence Measure), survival, pain, and length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients treated with surgery (n = 1178), 33.8% had surgery within 24 hours. Earlier surgery was not associated with improved mortality (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-1.08) or improved locomotion (difference of -0.04 points; 95% CI, -0.49 to 0.39). Earlier surgery was associated with fewer days of severe and very severe pain (difference of -0.22 days; 95% CI, -0.41 to -0.03) and shorter LOS by 1.94 days (P<.001), but postoperative pain and LOS after surgery did not differ. Analyses with propensity scores yielded similar results. When the cohort included only patients who were medically stable at admission and therefore eligible for early surgery, the results were unchanged except that early surgery was associated with fewer major complications (odds ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early surgery was not associated with improved function or mortality, but it was associated with reduced pain and LOS and probably major complications among patients medically stable at admission. Additional research is needed on whether functional outcomes may be improved. In the meantime, patients with hip fracture who are medically stable should receive early surgery when possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gretchen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Orosz
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magaziner
authors.forename: Edward L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hannan
authors.forename: R Sean
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koval
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Maryann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Ethan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Halm
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Litke
authors.forename: Stacey B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Silberzweig
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome