title: Occupational exposure to air pollution and cancer risk among Danish urban mail carriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to study the risk of cancer associated with exposure to air pollution among mail carriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 17,233 persons who had been mail carriers during the period 1898-1996. Data on employment was obtained from company files. Data on cancer was obtained from the Danish Cancer Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male mail carriers employed for more than 3 months had a low incidence of cancer, standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 0.92. For cancers related to air pollution the risk estimates were 0.96 for lung cancer, 0.91 for laryngeal cancer and 0.98 for bladder cancer. A significant low risk for cancer of the oesophagus (SIR 0.50), kidney (SIR 0.73), prostate (SIR 0.81) and skin (melanoma) (SIR 0.87) was seen. Among female mail carriers the risk pattern showed a significant excess of cancer of the cervix uteri (SIR 2.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study of mail carriers who had spent most of their day doing physical hard work outside in the general air pollution we saw no excess in cancers related to air pollution compared with the general population of Copenhagen. This might be due to the protective effect of physical activity.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkalle 105, Copenhagen, Denmark. hsj@ami.dk
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soll-Johanning
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population