title: Tumor regression dynamics with external radiotherapy in cancer cervix and its implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the external radiotherapy (EXTRT) regression patterns in cancer of the cervix.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate EXTRT tumor regression doses (TRD) for 50% (TRD50), 80% response (TRD80), normalized dose response gradient (g50) and slope (slope50) with clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients, treated solely with radiotherapy and enrolled for other prospective studies having weekly tumor regressions recorded were considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven patients received 50Gy of EXTRT at 2 Gy/fraction followed by 18Gy of high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy at 6 Gy/fraction. Loco-regional regressions were assessed clinically at weekly intervals during EXTRT to generate EXTRT dose-response curves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Student's t test, logistic regression, Kaplan Meier and Cox's proportional hazard model. Scatter plots were fitted using cubic fit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age (P=0.052) and absence or presence of gross residual tumor (AGRT and PGRT respectively) following EXTRT (P<0.001) were the only determinants for complete response (CR) at 1 month following completion of radiotherapy. EXTRT tumor regression sigmoid curves obtained for various patient characteristics differed only for those with AGRT and PGRT with differences in TRD50, (P<0.001); TRD80 (P<0.001) and slope50 (P=0.001). Response status to EXTRT was a prognosticator for loco-regional disease free survival (LDFS) (AGRT vs. PGRT; P=0.046). On multivariate analysis, both TRD50 and TRD80 emerged as significant predictors for tumor status at end of EXTRT while TRD80 was the sole determinant of LDFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extent of tumor regression to EXTRT is an important predictor for treatment outcome in cancer cervix as evident from TRD50 and TRD80 values of EXTRT tumor regression curves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. nrdatta@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011867:Radioisotope Teletherapy; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals