title: Insulin-like growth factor-I regulates glucose-induced mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma.
abstract: Neuroblastoma, a pediatric peripheral nervous system tumor, frequently contains alterations in apoptotic pathways, producing chemoresistant disease. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system components are highly expressed in neuroblastoma, further protecting these cells from apoptosis. This study investigates IGF-I regulation of apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. Elevated extracellular glucose causes rapid mitochondrial enlargement coupled with an increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(M)) followed by mitochondrial membrane depolarization (MMD), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) downregulation, caspase-3 activation and decreased Bcl-2. MMD inhibition by Bongkrekic acid prevents high-glucose-induced loss of UCP3 and apoptosis. Glucose exposure induces caspase-9 cleavage within 30 min, and caspase-9 inhibition prevents glucose-mediated apoptosis. IGF-I prevents caspase activation and mitochondrial events leading to apoptosis. These results suggest that elevated glucose produces early initiator caspase activation, followed by Delta Psi(M) changes, in neuroblastoma cells; in turn, IGF-I prevents apoptosis by preventing downstream caspase activation, maintaining Delta Psi(M) and regulating Bcl proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Leinninger
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Golen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berent
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C000604392:UCP3 protein, human; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D020169:Caspases; D005947:Glucose