title: Osmotic regulation of cell function and possible clinical applications.
abstract: Inflammation and immunosuppression can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and sepsis, all of which are lethal posttraumatic complications in trauma patients. Prevention of the inflammation and immunosuppression has been a main focus of trauma researcher for many years. Recently, hypertonic resuscitation has attracted attention as a possible therapeutic approach to counteract such deleterious immune responses in trauma patients. We have begun to understand how hypertonic fluids affect immune cell signaling, and a number of experimental and clinical studies have started to reveal valuable information on the clinical efficacy and the limitations of hypertonic resuscitation fluids. Knowledge of how osmotic cues regulate immune cell function will enable us to fully exploit the clinical potential of hypertonic resuscitation to reduce inflammatory and anergic complications in trauma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery/Trauma, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hoyt
authors.forename: Wolfgang G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Junger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000628:therapy; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000628:therapy; D004023:Dictyostelium; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007249:Inflammation; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009995:Osmosis; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride