title: Macrophages release tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 in response to intracellular Bacillus anthracis spores.
abstract: Herein we report that infection of a murine macrophage cell line with Bacillus anthracis results in the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12). When infected with B. anthracis spores in combination with lipopolysaccharide, macrophages release increased amounts of IL-12. We found no evidence of inhibition of cytokine responses in macrophages infected with B. anthracis spores.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Alison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pickering
authors.forename: Tod J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Merkel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12