title: An insect peptide engineered into the tomato prosystemin gene is released in transgenic tobacco plants and exerts biological activity.
abstract: Tomato systemin is a signalling peptide produced in response to wounding that locally and systemically activates several defence genes. The peptide is released from the C-terminus of prosystemin, the 200 amino acid precursor, following post-translational modifications involving unknown events and enzymes. In tobacco, two systemin molecules have been recently isolated, neither sharing any sequence homologies with the tomato prosystemin gene/protein, but performing similar functions. We modified the tomato prosystemin gene by replacing the systemin-encoding region with a synthetic sequence encoding TMOF (trypsin-modulating oostatic factor), a 10 amino acid insect peptide hormone toxic to Heliothis virescens larvae, and expressed the chimeric gene in tobacco. The results reported here show that transformed leaves contain the TMOF peptide and exert toxic activity against insect larvae reared on them. In addition, subcellular localization studies showed the cytoplasmic location of the released TMOF, suggesting that in tobacco the enzymes responsible for the post-translational modifications of the tomato precursor protein are present and act in the cytoplasm to recognise the modified prohormone. The molecular engineering of the precursor, beside supplying new clues towards the understanding of prosystemin processing, constitutes an useful tool for plant genetic manipulation, by enabling the delivery of short biological active peptides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil, Plant and Environment, University of Naples, via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tortiglione
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fogliano
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferracane
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pennacchio
authors.forename: Luigi Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015870:Gene Expression; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C065612:Peptide oostatic hormone; C073705:prosystemin protein, Lycopersicon esculentum; C073704:systemin