title: Nitrosative stress in rotated three-dimensional colorectal carcinoma cell cultures induces microtubule depolymerization and apoptosis.
abstract: Malignant cells undergo anoikis as they encounter fluid shear stress during transit to a metastatic site. We postulated that intracellular nitric oxide (NO) contributes to this cell death by comparing the growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells in low fluid shear stress rotated three-dimensional (Rotated 3-D) cultures with growth in static three-dimensional (Static 3-D) cultures on nonadherent surfaces and with two-dimensional monolayer (Monolayer 2-D) cultures. NO, loss of microtubules, and apoptosis increased significantly in Rotated 3-D cultures within 10 min and persisted at 24 h, whereas inhibition of NO synthase decreased apoptosis and intracellular NO and prevented tubulin degradation. Thus, fluid shear stress and three-dimensional growth increases NO synthase and NO to cause tubulin breakdown and induce anoikis. Intracellular NO in malignant cells entering the circulation may be a novel target for metastasis by colorectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Luciana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Laguinge
authors.forename: Shuling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Raed N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.forename: Anastasios N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Salesiotis
authors.forename: J Milburn
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jessup
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D019149:Bioreactors; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II