title: The use of botulinum toxin A for treatment of possible essential blepharospasm in a dog.
abstract: A 3-year-old Great Dane with bilateral possible essential blepharospasm resulting in ocular complications is described. Conservative treatment was not successful and the disease was treated with local injections of botulinum toxin A into the orbicularis oculi muscle. Blepharospasm disappeared completely 5 to 6 days after injection and did not reappear until 3 to 4 months later, at which time the injection was repeated. After several treatments over a period of more than 3 years no side effects have occured. Botulinum toxin A appeared to be effective in the treatment of essential blepharospasm in this dog.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Small Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany. andrea.meyer-lindenberg@tiho-hannover.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wohlfarth
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Switzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A