title: Retinoid X receptor gamma-deficient mice have increased skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and less weight gain when fed a high-fat diet.
abstract: Retinoids, derivatives of vitamin A, induce hypertriglyceridemia through decreased clearance of very low-density lipoprotein by a lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-dependent pathway. The retinoid X receptor (RXR) gamma isotype, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, may be important in mediating the effects of retinoids on skeletal muscle metabolism and triglyceride (TG) clearance. RXRgamma-deficient (-/-) mice had lower fasting plasma TG levels compared with wild-type littermates (33.1 +/- 2.0 vs. 51.7 +/- 6.3 mg/dl, respectively; P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle LPL activity was higher in RXRgamma mice (18.7 +/- 2.2 vs. 13.3 +/- 1.3 nmol free fatty acids/min.g; P = 0.03), but LPL activity was not different in adipose and cardiac tissue, suggesting a specific effect of RXRgamma in skeletal muscle. In addition, when exposed to a 14-wk high-fat diet, RXRgamma -/- mice had less weight gain, which was entirely due to lower fat mass (11.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 14.4 +/- 1.1 g; P = 0.01), and leptin levels were also lower in the RXRgamma -/- mice (17.6 +/- 5.0 vs. 30.9 +/- 6.4 ng/ml; P = 0.03). These data suggest that RXRgamma -/- mice are resistant to gain in fat mass in response to high-fat feeding. This occurs, at least in part, through up-regulation of LPL activity in skeletal muscle. An understanding of the mechanisms governing the role of RXR in TG disposal and metabolism may lead to the rational design of RXR-selective agonists and antagonists that may be useful in common disorders such as dyslipidemia and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. bryan.haugen@uchsc.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: Dalan R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Vibha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Leslie K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Pulawa
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krezel
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chambon
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Eckel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase