title: Comparison of drug resistance mutations and their interpretation in patients infected with non-B HIV-1 variants and matched patients infected with HIV-1 subtype B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs and their interpretation in patients infected with non-B HIV-1 variants versus HIV-1subtype B-infected patients with similar treatment regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease genes of HIV-1 were sequenced, and subtypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Each sequence belonging to a non-B variant was matched with a sequence belonging to subtype B. Patterns of resistance mutations were interpreted in terms of drug resistance using the HIV db algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT mutations M41L, L210W, and, to a lesser extent, T215Y were less prevalent in patients infected with non-B variants. This lower prevalence was associated with subtypes A (A1/A2), C, F (F1/F2), and CRF06_cpx. A lower prevalence of high-level resistance to zidovudine was also observed in patients infected with these HIV-1 variants. In the protease gene, differences between patients infected with B or non-B strains were mainly observed for mutations playing a minor role in drug resistance and known to occur mainly as a natural polymorphism in non-B strains: K20R/M/I, M36I, L63P, A71V/T, and V77I. Interpretation of genotypes using the HIV db algorithm indicated that resistance to saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and amprenavir was more frequently a high-level resistance for subtype B and an intermediate-level resistance for non-B variants, but this difference was only significant for amprenavir.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the genetic diversity of HIV-1 does not play a major role in the development of resistance to antiretroviral drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vergne
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynes
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delaporte
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segondy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease