title: The effect of hypertension as a predictor of risk for congestive heart failure patients over a 10-year period in a newly developed country.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the western world and has reached epidemic proportions. The incidence of congestive heart failure (CHD) and hypertension is also rising rapidly in many of the affluent Arab nations and cardiovascular diseases continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adult Qataris and Asians residing in Qatar.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to assess the effect of hypertension among patients admitted to hospital in Qatar with CHD and to identify risk factors that contribute to the development of CHD in hypertensive subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who were hospitalized with CHD with or without hypertension in the Hamad General Hospital, State of Qatar, from 1991 to 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnostic classification of definite CHD was made in accordance with criteria based on the International Classification of Disease, ninth revision (ICD-9].
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20,856 patients were treated during the 10-year period; 8446 were Qataris. Among them, 60% were males and 40% females. Among the total patients (3713) hospitalized with CHD, 1744 (46.9%) had hypertension. Furthermore, the incidence of hypertension was slightly higher in males than in females (56.4 vs 43.6%). A statistically significant difference was found between hypertensive and non-hypertensive cases with diabetes mellitus and angina. Hypertensive subjects were more likely to have diabetes (p < 0.001) and angina (p < 0.030). The mortality rate of CHD patients with hypertension was higher among Qataris than among non-Qataris (p < 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension was the most common risk factor for CHD; it contributed a large proportion of heart failure cases in this population-based sample. Preventive strategies directed toward earlier detection of elevated blood pressure and its control are likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of CHD and its associated mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar. abener@hmc.org.qa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bener
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: al Suwaidi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: el-Menyar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gehani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018912:Arabs; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003906:Developing Countries; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011780:Qatar / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012922:Social Change; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents