title: Caudal epidural block for minor gynecologic procedures in outpatient surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caudal epidural block (CEB) has become increasingly important for pediatric analgesia in recent years. However, data regarding CEB in adult ambulatory surgery are scarce. The aim of this study was to verify whether CEB could be applied as a simple, safe and economic method of anesthesia for adult patients undergoing minor gynecologic procedures (MGP).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-two female patients were enrolled in this study. Each patient received a 20-mL bolus of 1.5% lidocaine caudal epidural injection. The efficacy of CEB was evaluated. Types and duration of surgery, success rate, sensory level of analgesia, caudal epidural depth, complications and duration in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were also under investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No side effects occurred and only few hemodynamic changes were noted in the study. All patients experienced excellent surgical anesthesia except seven patients, who required rescue supplement opioids (4.1% of failure rate). The success rate of CEB was 95.9% (165/172). Duration of anesthesia and surgery were 46.66 +/- 11.76 min and 23.08 +/- 9.54 min, respectively. The highest sensory dermatome level reached below T10. The average epidural depth was 3.06 +/- 0.23 cm. No postoperative anti-emetic was given in the study. Only three patients required postoperative narcotics. Four patients had spontaneous voiding before discharge. The average PACU stay was 74.30 +/- 10.80 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-dose CEB with 1.5% lidocaine 20-mL was an easy and simple technique. It provided satisfactory anesthesia for MGP and did not prolong patients' discharge time. CEB may be another choice of anesthetic technique in such cases of clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 333, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu-Yam
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jihn-Yih
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chi-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Shiue-Chin
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Shih-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yi-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: Kit-Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013511:Minor Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine