title: Measuring programmed cell death in plants.
abstract: Methods for the detection of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants are reviewed with references for different biochemical, microscopic, and molecular assays. A detailed description of three different methods for the detection of biotic or abiotic PCD in plant tissues is included. The reader is encouraged to use all three methods in parallel to obtain a reliable measure of PCD. Critical considerations are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rizhsky
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shulaev
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittler
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D007477:Ions