title: Automated external defibrillators in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of death in athletes. Evidence on current sudden cardiac death prevention through preparticipation history, physicals, and noninvasive cardiovascular diagnostics has demonstrated a low sensitivity for detection of athletes at high risk of sudden cardiac death. Data are lacking on automated external defibrillator programs specifically initiated to respond to rare dysrhythmia in younger, relatively low-risk populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were mailed to the head athletic trainers of all National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletics programs listed in the National Athletic Trainers' Association directory. In all, 303 surveys were mailed; 186 departments (61%) responded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two percent (133) of responding National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletics programs have access to automated external defibrillator units; 54% (101) own their units. Proven medical benefit (55%), concern for liability (51%), and affordability (29%) ranked highest in frequency of reasons for automated external defibrillator purchase. Unit cost (odds ratio = 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.0), donated units (odds ratio = 1.92; confidence interval, 3.66-1.01), institution size (odds ratio =.0001; confidence interval, 1.3 E-4 to 2.2E-05), and proven medical benefit of automated external defibrillators (odds ratio = 24; confidence interval, 72-8.1) were the most significant predictors of departmental defibrillator ownership. Emergency medical service response time and sudden cardiac death event history were not significantly predictive of departmental defibrillator ownership. The majority of automated external defibrillator interventions occurred on nonathletes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many athletics medicine programs are obtaining automated external defibrillators without apparent criteria for determination of need. Usage and maintenance policies vary widely among departments with unit ownership or access. Programs need to approach the issue of unit acquisition and implementation with knowledge of the surrounding emergency medical service system, geography of their individual sports medicine facilities, numbers and relative risk of their athletes, and budgetary constraints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA. ecoris@hsc.usf.edu
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Coris
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahebzamani
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: Arnold M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ramirez
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D013178:Sports Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014495:Universities