title: Distal embolization and local vessel wall ulceration after gastric variceal obliteration with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Repeated endoscopic injections of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate mixtures into large gastric varices in a single patient led to two complications: initially, pulmonary embolism, and later local ulceration of the wall of a varix. The latter resulted in massive uncontrollable hemorrhage that ultimately led to a fatal outcome. This case report also analyzes complications reported in the literature during similar endoscopic procedures for gastric varices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Unitas Hospital, Netcare, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ziady
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van den Bogaerde
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: van der Merwe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000628:therapy*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D012421:Rupture / Q000139:chemically induced; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D004659:Enbucrilate