title: Multiple dimensions of familial psychopathology affect risk of mood disorder in children of bipolar parents.
abstract: The aim of our study was to determine whether familial loading of unipolar disorder, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder are associated with DSM-IV mood disorders in adolescents at risk for bipolar disorder. One hundred and forty adolescents aged 12-21 years of 86 bipolar parents participated in the study. Lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses of the bipolar offspring were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (SADS-PL). Parents were interviewed using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC) which were used to calculate a continuous familial loading score (FL) for unipolar disorder, bipolar disorder, and for substance use disorder in first- and second-degree relatives of the adolescents. FL for unipolar disorder and substance use disorder were strong and independent predictors for lifetime mood disorders in the adolescents. The gender adjusted hazard ratios for mood disorders in the children were 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.0) for FL of unipolar disorder and 1.8 (95% CI = 1.3-2.4) for FL of substance use disorder. Expression of mood disorders in children of bipolar parents varies with the degree of additional FL of unipolar disorder and substance use disorder in the extended family.
authors.affiliation: Altrecht, Institute for Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands. wals@psys.azr.nl
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wals
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.forename: Catrien G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: Manon H J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hillegers
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nolen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors