title: Prevalence and clinical associations of prolonged prothrombin time in adult untreated coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Untreated coeliac disease may induce malabsorption of many nutrients. It may also induce vitamin K deficiency, which causes prolongation of the prothrombin time. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and associations of prolonged prothrombin time in a series of coeliac adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of data collected on 390 adults with untreated coeliac disease diagnosed from January 1997 to December 2000. Prolonged prothrombin time was defined as INR > or = 1.4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prolonged prothrombin time was found in 72 coeliac patients (18.5%). Parenteral vitamin K therapy was required in 5.6% of patients. Patients with prolonged prothrombin time had significant lower values of haemoglobin, iron, proteins, cholesterol and serum aspartate transaminase, and significantly higher prevalence of diarrhoea, weight loss, abdominal pain and low bone mineral density in comparison with patients with normal prothrombin time. However, low bone density was present in 11.6% of patients with normal INR. A prolonged prothrombin time was only found in a few patients with subclinical coeliac disease (0.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data indicate that the prevalence of prolonged prothrombin time is about 20% in a large series of adult untreated coeliac patients. A prolonged prothrombin time was significantly related to all the markers of severe malabsorption, including low mineral density. Our suggestion is that vitamin K related proteins may also play a role in determining or worsening calcium homeostasis disorders in coeliac disease. The very low prevalence of coagulation disorders in subclinical coeliac disease indicates that there is no need to screen for coeliac disease in patients with isolated coagulation disorders.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Federico II University of Napoli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raimondo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iovino
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Bella
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabbatini
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Labanca
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzacca
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciacci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014812:Vitamin K; D011516:Prothrombin; D002784:Cholesterol; D007501:Iron; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases