title: Heterotopic ossification of the quadriceps following distal femoral traction: a report of three cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: We present the previously unreported complication of symptomatic heterotopic ossification of the quadriceps following placement of a large-diameter Steinmann pin for the purpose of temporary skeletal traction. Following the development of distal quadriceps heterotopic bone formation in three patients, we conducted a comprehensive search of the literature using the Medline database from 1966 to the present. A variety of publications, including review articles, case reports, and randomized prospective studies, were used for the literature review. This potential complication should be considered when using a large-diameter Steinmann pin in the distal femur for skeletal traction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, NYU-Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.forename: Salil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Egol
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Koval
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011859:Radiography; D014143:Traction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome