title: Low molecular weight heparin (tinzaparin) vs. placebo in the treatment of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heparin has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity which may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether low molecular weight heparin, given subcutaneously, would provide a significant therapeutic response compared with placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial comparing tinzaparin 175 anti-Xa IU/kg/day (innohep, LEO Pharma) subcutaneously for 14 days followed by tinzaparin 4500 anti-Xa IU/day subcutaneously for 28 days with placebo, administered subcutaneously once daily for up to 42 days. The primary outcome measure was the mean change in colitis activity from baseline to the end of study treatment assessed by the sum of scores of stool frequency, rectal bleeding, sigmoidoscopic appearance and histology. Secondary outcome measures included changes in individual activity indices and laboratory parameters. Patients were assessed at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and within 1 week of completing treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients with active ulcerative colitis (up to six bloody stools per day, no fever, no tachycardia or systemic disturbances) were randomized. Forty-eight received tinzaparin and 52 received placebo. The difference in the mean percentage change in colitis activity from baseline to end of treatment (tinzaparin-placebo) was not statistically significant (P = 0.84). There was no difference between tinzaparin and placebo in any secondary outcome measure. One major bleed (rectal), occurred in a patient receiving placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the largest trial to date of heparin in ulcerative colitis. The results show no benefit of low molecular weight heparin over placebo in mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Middlesex Hospital, London, UK. stuart.bloom@uclh.org
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiilerich
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leiper
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Langholz
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Morain
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lowson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D000078222:Tinzaparin