title: Effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on nitric oxide generation and cellular redox balance in a rat model of hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies indicate that oxygen free-radical formation after reoxygenation of liver may initiate the cascade of hepatocellular injury. It has been demonstrated that controlled ozone administration may promote an oxidative preconditioning or adaptation to oxidative stress, preventing the damage induced by reactive oxygen species and protecting against liver ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, the effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning (OzoneOP) on nitric oxide (NO) generation and the cellular redox balance have been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six groups of rats were classified as follows: (1). sham-operated; (2). sham-operated+l-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester); (3). I/R (ischaemia 90 min-reperfusion 90 min); (4). OzoneOP+I/R; (5). OzoneOP+l-NAME+I/R; and (6). l-NAME+I/R. The following parameters were measured: plasma transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) as an index of hepatocellular injury; in homogenates of hepatic tissue: nitrate/nitrite as an index of NO production; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione levels as markers of endogenous antioxidant system; and finally malondialdehyde+4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA+4-HDA) and total hydroperoxides (TH) as indicators of oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A correspondence between liver damage and the increase of NO, CAT, TH, glutathione and MDA+4-HDA concentrations were observed just as a decrease of SOD activity. OzoneOP prevented and attenuated hepatic damage in I/R and OzoneOP+l-NAME+I/R, respectively, in close relation with the above-mentioned parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that OzoneOP protected against liver I/R injury through mechanisms that promote a regulation of endogenous NO concentrations and maintenance of cellular redox balance. Ozone treatment may have important clinical implications, particularly in view of the increasing hepatic transplantation programs.
authors.affiliation: Center of Studies for Research and Biological Evaluation (CEIEB-IFAL-UH), University of Havana, Havana City, Cuba.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ajamieh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menéndez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sánchez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Candelario-Jalil
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Re
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: Olga Sonia León
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010126:Ozone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010126:Ozone