title: Vitamin E reduces cisplatin ototoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cisplatin ototoxicity is a major dose-limiting factor in the treatment of several neoplasms. Vitamin E, a slow-acting free radical scavenger, has been shown to ameliorate nephrotoxicity and endothelial cell damage in animals receiving cisplatin. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of vitamin E as an otoprotectant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized controlled trial in the rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats (weight, 261-386 g) were sedated using 172.4 mg/kg intramuscular ketamine and 3.4 mg/kg xylazine. Baseline auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed in response to clicks and 8-, 16-, and 32-kHz tone bursts. After auditory thresholds were determined, the animals received intraperitoneal drug administration according to one of three group classifications. Group 1 received 4 g/kg vitamin E followed after 30 minutes by 16 mg/kg cisplatin. Group 2 received 6 mL/kg soybean oil followed after 30 minutes by cisplatin. Group 3 received soybean oil followed after 30 minutes by 16 mL/kg saline. After 3 days' follow-up, ABR testing was performed and threshold changes were recorded. Cochleae were removed and processed for scanning electron microscopy after follow-up auditory testing was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 2 animals showed marked hearing loss with average threshold shifts of 28.75 +/- 2.3 dB for clicks, 30.0 +/- 1.9 dB at 8 kHz, 21.25 +/- 4.0 dB at 16 kHz, and 45.0 +/- 4.2 dB at 32 kHz. No significant loss was observed in group 3 with shifts of 2 +/- 1.3 dB, 3 +/-3.0 dB, -2.2 +/- 3.1 dB, and -1.1 +/- 4.0 dB for clicks and tone bursts at 8, 16, and 32 kHz, respectively. Significant protection was seen in group 1 animals compared with group 2 animals. In the former group, threshold shifts of 12.5 +/- 3.1 dB for clicks, 7.5 +/- 2.5 dB at 8 kHz, 5.0 +/- 3.3 dB at 16 kHz, and 24.4 +/- 5.6 dB at 32 kHz were observed. These findings were supported by the scanning electron microscope observations that severe outer hair cell destruction occurred in group 2 rats, whereas outer hair cells were preserved to a much greater extent in the cochleae of rats in group 1 that were pretreated with vitamin E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin E appears to have a protective effect against cisplatin ototoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-19653, USA.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kalkanis
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: Leonard P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Rybak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010784:Photomicrography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014810:Vitamin E; D002945:Cisplatin