title: A high-density admixture map for disease gene discovery in african americans.
abstract: Admixture mapping (also known as "mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium," or MALD) provides a way of localizing genes that cause disease, in admixed ethnic groups such as African Americans, with approximately 100 times fewer markers than are required for whole-genome haplotype scans. However, it has not been possible to perform powerful scans with admixture mapping because the method requires a dense map of validated markers known to have large frequency differences between Europeans and Africans. To create such a map, we screened through databases containing approximately 450000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for which frequencies had been estimated in African and European population samples. We experimentally confirmed the frequencies of the most promising SNPs in a multiethnic panel of unrelated samples and identified 3011 as a MALD map (1.2 cM average spacing). We estimate that this map is approximately 70% informative in differentiating African versus European origins of chromosomal segments. This map provides a practical and powerful tool, which is freely available without restriction, for screening for disease genes in African American patient cohorts. The map is especially appropriate for those diseases that differ in incidence between the parental African and European populations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lautenberger
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Truelove
authors.forename: Gavin J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waliszewska
authors.forename: Bailey D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kessing
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Malasky
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scafe
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: De Jager
authors.forename: Andre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mignault
authors.forename: Zeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De The
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essex
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sankale
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Kwabena
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poku
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Phair
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goedert
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tishkoff
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: De La Vega
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woodage
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sninsky
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hafler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altshuler
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reich
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005828:Genetics, Population; D015894:Genome, Human; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers