title: Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal symptoms in school children in Russia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori is considered to be the major cause of chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer disease recurrence in childhood. However, the association between H. pylori and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) syndrome is still controversial. Therefore, the spectrum of clinical variants of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with H. pylori-positive status was studied in consecutive symptomatic children who were undergoing diagnostic endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 225 school children from the Ural area of Russia (mean age 11.1 + 1.4 years, age range 7-15 years) who presented with RAP were investigated using esophagogastroduodenoscopy, including three antral biopsies for histology and polymerase chain reaction. Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies were found using a second-generation enzyme immunoassay. Information about the clinical symptoms was collected using a special questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found a high incidence of H. pylori infection (80%) and peptic ulcers (16%) in 225 school children from the Ural area of Russia who were referred for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy for chronic abdominal pain. Of the overall 225 symptomatic children who underwent endoscopy, 182 (80,8%) were found to be H. pylori-positive. Duodenal ulcers were detected in 36 H. pylori-positive children. A family history of peptic ulcers was significantly more frequent in the children infected with H. pylori (P < 0.001). Symptom score and duration of symptoms were similar, but night-time pain (P < 0.0001) and fasting pain relieved by food (P < 0.001) were more frequent in the H. pylori-positive children as compared with the H. pylori-negative children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results provide further evidence for a significant association between H. pylori and some patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms in children who underwent UGI endoscopy in order to exclude an organic cause of severe chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Children's Republican Hospital, PO Box 4894, Ufa-57, 450057 Russia. emil@ufanet.ru
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nijevitch
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Shcherbakov
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G