title: Treatment considerations for vertebroplasty in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vertebroplasty is now a widely accepted image-guided intervention in patients with compression fracture. The purpose of this report is to look specifically at the male population undergoing vertebroplasty and identfy the management considerations distinct to men.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hospital medical records and radiographic studies of 24 men treated with vertebroplasty between February 1999 and November 2000 were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients presented with idiopathic or secondary osteoporosis. In two of these five men, malignancies were discovered by core biopsies taken at the time of vertebroplasty. Thirteen patients (54%) had secondary osteoporosis. Of this group, 10 patients (42%) were steroid dependent and three (13%) were hypogonadal. Five patients (21%) had traumatic events leading to fracture. One presented with known metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary osteoporosis in men is unusual. In male patients without a definable cause of osteoporosis, known metastatic disease, or a significant history of trauma, the routine performance of a vertebral biopsy through the vertebroplasty needle before the injection of bone cement is indicated to identify unexpected neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gailloud
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nussbaum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Kieran J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009192:Myelography; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed