title: Arterial oxygen saturation, COPD, and cerebral small vessel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with cerebral white matter lesions and lacunar infarcts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured SaO(2) twice with a pulse oximeter, assessed the presence of COPD, and performed MRI in 1077 non-demented people from a general population (aged 60-90 years). We rated periventricular white matter lesions (on a scale of 0-9) and approximated a total subcortical white matter lesion volume (range 0-29.5 ml). All analyses were adjusted for age and sex and additionally for hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, pack years smoked, cholesterol, haemoglobin, myocardial infarction, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower SaO(2) was independent of potential confounders associated with more severe periventricular white matter lesions (score increased by 0.12 per 1% decrease in SaO(2) (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.23)). Participants with COPD had more severe periventricular white matter lesions than those without (adjusted mean difference in score 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.23 to 1.16)). Lower SaO(2) and COPD were not associated with subcortical white matter lesions or lacunar infarcts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower SaO(2) and COPD are associated with more severe periventricular white matter lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vermeer
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van de Minkelis
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oudkerk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koudstaal
authors.forename: M M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D002784:Cholesterol; D010100:Oxygen