title: Role of the sensitivity of detection of oestrus in the submission rate of cows treated to resynchronise oestrus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if failure to detect oestrus in cows treated to resynchronise oestrus leads to fewer cows being inseminated than are truly in oestrus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cows in three herds were enrolled in a controlled breeding program that involved synchronisation of oestrus for a first round of artificial insemination (AI) followed by resynchronisation for a second round of AI. Just before oestrus was expected at the second round of AI, aids for the detection of oestrus were fitted, which included pedometers, radiotelemetric transmitters (HeatWatch), tail-paint and heatmount detectors. Milk samples were collected at the second round of AI (day 33, herds A and B; day 35, herd C of the treatment program) and were used in combination with pregnancy testing to determine the number of cows that were in oestrus (milk progesterone < 2.0 ng/mL) and cows that were not in oestrus (milk progesterone > 2.0 ng/mL or pregnant at second round of AI) at the time samples were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean sensitivity of detection of oestrus at the resynchronised oestrus was 92.5% and did not differ significantly between herds (P = 0.19). A total of 75% (60/80) of cows that were retrospectively determined to be not pregnant at the time of the second round of AI were classified as having high (> or = 2.0 ng/mL) concentrations of progesterone in milk at that time. Pregnancy testing of cows about 35 days after AI suggested that early pregnancy loss also contributed to a reduction in submission rates at the resynchronised oestrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failure to submit cows for insemination at a resynchronised oestrus was mainly due to cows not being in oestrus rather than due to a failure to detect oestrus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cavalieri
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Eagles
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Macmillan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004972:Estrus Detection / Q000379:methods*; D004973:Estrus Synchronization; D005260:Female; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007774:Lactation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity