title: Bacterial pathogen incidences in sludge from Swedish sewage treatment plants.
abstract: This study surveyed the presence of bacterial pathogens in eight Swedish sewage treatment plants (STPs), with four different treatment methods, focusing on detection of zoonotic bacteria in raw and treated sludge. Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter coli and jejuni, Escherichia coli O157 and indicator bacteria were investigated. Samplings were performed from July 2000 to June 2002, resulting in 64 raw sludge samples and 69 treated sludge samples. The samples from raw sludge (67%) and treated sludge (55%) were positive for Salmonella; 49 different serotypes were detected. Restriction enzyme analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of Salmonella serotypes indicated that Salmonella persists in STPs and that there is a continuous supply of new strains. There are differences in treatment methods concerning the reduction of pathogens and indicator bacteria. If spread on arable land, sludge increases the environmental load of pathogens; this increases the risk for spreading diseases to people and animals.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala SE-751 89, Sweden. Leena.Sahlstrom@sva.se
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sahlström
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aspan
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagge
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Danielsson-Tham
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albihn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008087:Listeria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010944:Plants; D011786:Quality Control; D012306:Risk; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012703:Serotyping; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013548:Sweden; D018505:Waste Management; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage