title: The anammoxosome: an intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox bacteria.
abstract: Anammox bacteria belong to the phylum Planctomycetes and perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox); they oxidize ammonium with nitrite as the electron acceptor to yield dinitrogen gas. The anammox reaction takes place inside the anammoxosome: an intracytoplasmic compartment bounded by a single ladderane lipid-containing membrane. The anammox bacteria, first found in a wastewater treatment plant in The Netherlands, have the potential to remove ammonium from wastewater without the addition of organic carbon. Very recently anammox bacteria were also discovered in the Black Sea where they are responsible for 30-50% of the nitrogen consumption. This review will introduce different forms of intracytoplasmic membrane systems found in prokaryotes and discuss the compartmentalization in anammox bacteria and its possible functional relation to catabolism and energy transduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van Niftrik
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: Jaap S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sinninghe Damsté
authors.forename: J Gijs
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kuenen
authors.forename: Mike S M
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jetten
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strous
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D015388:Organelles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004798:Enzymes; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009573:Nitrites; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D009584:Nitrogen