title: Latest advances and topics in fetal echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fetal diagnosis and the supporting specialties of perinatology, neonatology, and surgery have made rapid strides in the last decade. Numerous centers are focusing on this multifaceted niche area as the medical field realizes its vast promise and potential. The authors review some of the major advancements in thought and practice in the field of fetal echocardiography while attempting to give a less detailed overview for the less involved perinatologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First trimester fetal echocardiography has been an area of recent interest as transducer technology improves. As a result, optimum timing of first and subsequent scans and the population profile they are to be applied to have become an issue that begs consensus. Three-dimensional and four-dimensional fetal echocardiography have also received a boost for the same reasons, and both are being studied for feasibility and accuracy. Fetal tissue Doppler and spectral Doppler imaging are potential areas for exploration; the early steps have been taken. Awareness of associated ultrasound markers, such as exaggerated nuchal translucency, as clues to the presence of congenital heart disease is important, even if controversial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The issue of missed prenatal diagnosis is disturbing, especially when it arises against a background of tremendous skill and technologic support. Strategies to minimize mistakes in this critical aspect need to be agreed on by the involved teams and put in place in a multidisciplinary manner if they are to have an important impact.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Care Center for Congenital Heart Disease, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA.
authors.forename: Aarti Hejmadi
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sahn
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal