[Risk factors for atherosclerosis in children and adolescents with family history of premature coronary artery disease].
OBJECTIVE
To identify the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a group of 109 children and adolescents with a family history of premature coronary artery disease and to investigate the association between dyslipidemia and other risk factors for atherosclerosis.


METHODS
Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, body mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, per capita income and maternal schooling were investigated.


RESULTS
Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were higher than desirable in 27.5% and 19.3%, respectively, of our patients; 13.8% had lower HDL-C values and 13.0% presented hypertriglyceridemia. Obesity and excess weight were observed in 25.7% of the cases. Out of these, 57.1% had abnormal lipid values. Dyslipidemia was observed in 38.5%, either alone or in combination with other risk factors. Smoking was observed in 3.6%, hypertension in 2.7% and physical inactivity in 72.5%. There was no relationship between dyslipidemia and per capita income, maternal schooling and physical inactivity. However, obesity and excess weight were identified as significantly associated with the occurrence of dyslipidemia (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.6-6.81).


CONCLUSIONS
In children and adolescents with a family history of premature coronary artery disease, early identification of the risk factors for atherosclerosis is essential to allow the implementation of preventive measures.
Romaldini
Ceres C
CC
Faculadade de Medicina, and Unidade de Nutrição e Metabolismo do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP. jhroma@netpoint.com.br
Issler
Hugo
H
Cardoso
Ary L
AL
Diament
Jayme
J
Forti
Neusa
N
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol