title: Aircraft noise around a large international airport and its impact on general health and medication use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of general health status, use of sleep medication, and use of medication for cardiovascular diseases, and to study their relation to aircraft noise exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  These health indicators were measured by a cross-sectional survey among 11 812 respondents living within a radius of 25 km around Schiphol airport (Amsterdam).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.02 to 2.34 per 10 dB(A) increase in L(den). The associations were statistically significant for all indicators, except for use of prescribed sleep medication or sedatives and frequent use of this medication. None of the health indicators were associated with aircraft noise exposure during the night, but use of non-prescribed sleep medication or sedatives was associated with aircraft noise exposure during the late evening (OR = 1.72). Vitality related health complaints such as tiredness and headache were associated with aircraft noise, whereas most other physical complaints were not. Odds ratios for the vitality related complaints ranged from 1.16 to 1.47 per 10 dB(A) increase in L(den). A small fraction of the prevalence of poor self rated health (0.13), medication for cardiovascular diseases or increased blood pressure (0.08), and sleep medication or sedatives (0.22) could be attributed to aircraft noise. Although the attributable fraction was highest in the governmentally noise regulated area, aircraft noise had more impact in the non-regulated area, due to the larger population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest associations between community exposure to aircraft noise and the health indicators poor general health status, use of sleep medication, and use of medication for cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Environmental Health Research, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
authors.forename: E A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Franssen
authors.forename: C M A G
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Wiechen
authors.forename: N J D
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Nagelkerke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lebret
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000401:Aircraft; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009624:Noise, Transportation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*