title: Right ventricular myocardial dysfunction in adult patients late after repair of tetralogy of fallot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect in adult patients late after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) possible correlation between myocardial parameters assessed at rest by Tissue Doppler (TD) and cardiac performance during physical effort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler echo, treadmill test and pulsed TD of both mitral and tricuspid annulus were performed in 25 healthy subjects and in 40 adult patients who had undergone surgery for TOF at a mean age of 1.4+/-0.5 years. Exclusion criteria were echocardiographic evidence of residual pulmonary, either stenosis or regurgitation. By use of TD, the following parameters were assessed: systolic peak velocities (Sm), pre-contraction time, contraction time, early (E(m)) and late (A(m)) diastolic velocities, E(m)/A(m) ratio, relaxation time. By treadmill test, we measured: maximal heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), rate-pressure product, maximal workload, time duration of the exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the two groups were comparable for left ventricular measurements and for all transmitral and transtricuspid Doppler indexes, while tricuspid ring diameter was increased in TOF. TD analysis showed in TOF lower S(m), E(m) and E(m)/A(m) ratio and prolonged PCT(m) and Rt(m) at tricuspid annulus level, despite comparable TD mitral annulus indexes. By treadmill test, TOF showed reduced time of exercise, number of METS reached and rate-pressure product. Multiple linear regression models evidenced in TOF independent positive association between tricuspid Em velocity and time of exercise (p<0.0001), achieved METS at peak effort (p<0.001) and rate-pressure product (p<0.001). An E(m) peak velocity of tricuspid annulus lower than 0.13 m/s showed 90% sensitivity and 93% specificity in identifying TOF patients unable to perform maximal exercise test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  despite normal Doppler parameters, adult patients late after correction of TOF showed impaired right ventricular myocardial function. In these patients pulsed TD may be taken into account as a valuable supporting tool to predict the effort response and possibly to assess long-term follow-up of cardiac functional reserve.
authors.affiliation: Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Italy. adandrea@synpasis.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caso
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarubbi
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ascione
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherillo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cobrufo
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calabrò
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*