title: Very fast rhythmic activity on scalp EEG associated with epileptic spasms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very fast activity was investigated on the ictal EEGs of epileptic spasms to elucidate the pathophysiology of West syndrome (WS) and related disorders from a novel point of view.
  
  
  METHODS
  The traces of scalp ictal EEG of spasms temporally were expanded in 11 patients whose clinical diagnosis was symptomatic WS in six, cryptogenic WS in two, Aicardi syndrome in one, and symptomatic generalized epilepsy after WS in the remaining two. Time evolution of averaged power spectra of the ictal fast activity also was analyzed in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rhythmic gamma activity with frequency ranging from 50 to 100 Hz was detected in a total of 345 of 537 spasms. Fast activity was seen bilaterally in nine patients, was lateralized to one hemisphere in another, and appeared independently on each hemisphere in the remaining infant with Aicardi syndrome. Power spectra showed a clear peak corresponding to spasm-associated gamma rhythm, with frequency centering approximately 65 Hz and ranging from 51 to 98 Hz. The morphology and spectral characteristics of ictal gamma rhythm were completely different from those of muscle activity or alternating current (AC) artifacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spasm-associated gamma activity was clearly detected on the scalp. This observation may provide a clue to the pathophysiology of spasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. k_koba@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Takushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abiru
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*