title: Differential response of bipolar and normal control lymphoblastoid cell sodium pump to ethacrynic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the pathogenesis of manic-depressive, or bipolar, illness is unknown, an excess of intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations is thought to contribute to the development of the illness. Previous work has demonstrated a reduced adaptive response of the sodium pump to ethacrynic acid in lymphocytes obtained from bipolar subjects compared to psychiatrically normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  To further examine this phenomenon, we investigated several aspects of sodium pump response (transcription, translation, activity, and intracellular ion concentration) in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from bipolar subjects and matched normal controls. Cells were treated with ethacrynic acid 100 microM for 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal control-derived cells exhibited an upregulation of sodium pump mRNA synthesis, protein expression, pump-specific binding and activity, and were able to maintain a normal intracellular sodium concentration. Cells derived from bipolar individuals did not alter sodium pump parameters in any way, and consequently, had a higher intracellular sodium concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While bipolar lymphoblasts were from an inbred Old Order Amish population, the normal controls were from an outbred population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that bipolar illness is associated with an abnormality in cellular sodium homeostatic regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rif S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: El-Mallakh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010042:Ouabain / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D010042:Ouabain; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid