title: Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of flumioxazin extracted from soil and water.
abstract: A method was developed for determining flumioxazin in soil and water. Recovery efficiencies for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of flumioxazin from deionized, well, and surface water were between 72 and 77%. SPE was superior to liquid-liquid extraction, using water-hexane and water-chloroform emulsions, which resulted in retrieval efficiencies of 25 and 22%, respectively. However, liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate improved recovery of total flumioxazin to >64%. Extraction from soil samples by direct solvent/soil extraction methods recovered between 18 and 76% of applied flumioxazin, depending on the solvent combination used. However, the use of accelerated solvent extraction techniques resulted in a 106 +/- 8% recovery of flumioxazin from soil. In analysis by capillary gas chromatography with mass selective detection, flumioxazin had a calculated limit of detection of 9 ng/mL with a retention time of 16.66 min.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Vencill
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010078:Oxazines / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D010797:Phthalimides / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D048588:Benzoxazines; D006540:Herbicides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010078:Oxazines; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010797:Phthalimides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C106487:flumioxazin