title: Drug resistance in Chromobacterium violaceum.
abstract: Chromobacterium violaceum is a free-living bacterium commonly found in aquatic habitats of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This bacterium is able to produce a large variety of products of biotechnological and pharmacological use. Although C. violaceum is considered to be non-pathogenic, some cases of severe infections in humans and other animals have been reported. Genomic data on the type strain ATCC 12472(T) has provided a comprehensive basis for detailed studies of pathogenicity, virulence and drug resistance genes. A large number of open reading frames associated with various mechanisms of drug resistance were found, comprising a remarkable feature of this organism. Amongst these, beta-lactam (penicillin and cephalosporin) and multidrug resistance genes (drug efflux pumps) were the most numerous. In addition, genes associated with bacitracin, bicyclomycin, chloramphenicol, kasugamycin, and methylenomycin were also found. It is postulated that these genes contribute to the ability of C. violaceum to compete with other bacteria in the environment, and also may help to explain the common drug resistance phenotypes observed in infections caused by this bacterium.
authors.affiliation: Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fantinatti-Garboggini
authors.forename: Rosana de
authors.initials: Rd
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Vinícius do Amaral
authors.initials: Vdo A
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.forename: Tércio A P
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Peterson Beltramini
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Trevilato
authors.forename: Cícero Eduardo Ramalho
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Rosângela Duarte
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Coêlho
authors.forename: Denise Wanderlei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Luciana Aparecida
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bartoleti
authors.forename: Ebert Seixas
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brocchi
authors.forename: Gilson P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Manfio
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents