Involvement of the pineal gland in diurnal cocaine reward in mice.
Contribution of circadian mechanisms to the psychostimulant-induced behaviors has been suggested. The pineal gland is important component of circadian mechanisms. Using pinealectomized mice and sham-operated controls, we tested the contribution of pineal gland to the rewarding effects of cocaine in conditioned place preference test. Experiments were performed both during the day and at night. Controls with intact pineal glands demonstrated significant decrease in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference at night compared to daytime, whereas pinealectomized mice did not show any diurnal differences. Circadian mechanisms regulated by the pineal gland thus appear critically involved in cocaine-induced reward.
Kurtuncu
Murat
M
Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, M/C 912, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Arslan
Ahmet D
AD
Akhisaroglu
Mustafa
M
Manev
Hari
H
Uz
Tolga
T
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012701:Serotonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D003042:Cocaine; D008550:Melatonin; C006389:N-acetylserotonin