Impact craters in loose granular media.
The craters formed by the impact of steel balls with a loose sand bed are experimentally studied. Both crater size and morphology depend strongly on the impact angle. Two scaling laws, corresponding to length and width, respectively, are proposed.
Zheng
X-J
XJ
Department of Mechanics, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, PRC.
Wang
Z-T
ZT
Qiu
Z-G
ZG