title: Development and optimization of a 2-hydroxyethylacrylate MRI polymer gel dosimeter.
abstract: In this study, radiation induced changes in a polymer gel dosimeter manufactured using 2-hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA) and N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (BIS) were investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The variation in magnetic resonance relaxation time (T2) with absorbed dose was modelled assuming fast exchange of magnetization. Overall good agreement between the model and experimental data was obtained. However, comparison with FT-Raman data suggests that not all the protons attached to the polymer contribute to the relaxation process. Furthermore, for certain compositions improved agreement with experimental data was achieved when a lower fraction of polymer protons available for exchange with water was assumed in the low dose region. This indicates that the T2 value is influenced by the composition and topology of the formed polymer, which may vary with absorbed dose. The concept of percentage dose resolution (Dp delta, %) was introduced to enable optimization of gel compositions for use in relative dosimetry applications. This concept was applied to demonstrate the effects of varying the gelatine concentration, the total fraction of monomer/crosslinker (%T) and the relative fraction of crosslinker (%C) on gel performance in HEA gels as well as compare the performance of HEA and a standard polyacrylamide gel (PAG). The percentage dose resolution was improved for all HEA gels compared to the PAG dosimeter containing 3% acrylamide and 3% BIS. Increasing the total concentration of monomer was shown to have the largest single effect. In the range of doses of interest for clinical radiation therapy, Dp delta, % for the optimal HEA gel (4% HEA, 4% BIS) was lower than 2.3%, compared to 3.8% for the PAG dosimeter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02, Sweden. Helen.Gustavsson@rfa.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bäck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rintoul
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baldock
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005782:Gels; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D005782:Gels; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; C021221:N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide