title: Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia using an integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array.
abstract: Immunophenotyping evaluation is of particular importance for the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of acute leukemia. In this paper, an integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array has been developed for the first time to detect the differentiated leukocyte antigens for immunophenotyping of acute leukemia. The probes (crystals) of the array were fabricated with plasma-polymerized n-butylamine film and nanometer-sized gold particles on which the Fab'-SH fragments obtained by the reduction of leukemic lineage-associated monoclonal antibodies (markers) were subsequently immobilized. Investigation results showed that the developed immunosensor array could rapidly identify normal cells from leukemic blasts and define the leukemic blasts within certain phenotypic groups (lineages) by only one analysis of the sample purified or unpurified. It permits the detection of unpurified leukocytes in the dynamic concentration range of 2 orders of magnitude (10(4)-10(6) cells mL(-1)). Up to 17 successive assay cycles with retentive sensitivity were achieved for the probes regenerated with 8 M urea. Moreover, the piezoelectric immunoassay system was applied to evaluate a number of practical specimens with immunophenotyping results in acceptable agreement with those clinically classified. The newly proposed multiparameter analysis technique provides a rapid, simple, and direct alternative tool for clinical immunophenotyping of acute leukemia.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yunhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Guoli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ruqin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000906:Antibodies / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D011791:Quartz / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011791:Quartz