title: Assessment of the relationship of bispectral index values, hemodynamic changes, and recovery times associated with sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate bispectral index (BIS) values in pigs during anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane-fentanyl or propofol-fentanyl as a predictor of changes in hemodynamic parameters and duration of recovery from anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigs were randomly allocated to undergo 1 of 2 anesthetic regimens. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg, i.v.); 6 pigs were administered sevoflurane via inhalation (1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC] at a fresh gas flow rate of 3 L/min; group I), and 6 were administered propofol (11 mg/kg/h, i.v.; group II). All pigs received fentanyl (2.5 mg/kg, i.v., q 30 min). After abdominal surgery, pigs were allowed to recover from anesthesia. Cardiovascular variables and BIS values were recorded at intervals throughout the procedure; duration of recovery from anesthesia was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No correlation was established between arterial blood pressure and BIS and between heart rate and BIS. Mean BIS at discontinuation of administration of the anesthetic agent was greater in group-II pigs (65.2 +/- 10.6 minutes) than in group-I pigs (55.8 +/- 2.9 minutes). However, recovery from anesthesia was significantly longer in group II (59.80 +/- 2.52 minutes) than in group I (9.80 +/- 2.35 minutes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In swine anesthetized with sevoflurane or propofol and undergoing abdominal surgery, the BIS value derived from an electroencephalogram at the end of anesthesia was not useful for predicting the speed of recovery from anesthesia. Moreover, BIS was not useful as a predictor of clinically important changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate in those anesthetized pigs.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Avda Universidad s/n 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: María F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Martín-Cancho
authors.forename: María S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Jiménez
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ezquerra
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crisóstomo
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usón-Gargallo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol