title: Comparison of two-stage thermophilic (68 degrees C/55 degrees C) anaerobic digestion with one-stage thermophilic (55 degrees C) digestion of cattle manure.
abstract: A two-stage 68 degrees C/55 degrees C anaerobic degradation process for treatment of cattle manure was studied. In batch experiments, an increase of the specific methane yield, ranging from 24% to 56%, was obtained when cattle manure and its fractions (fibers and liquid) were pretreated at 68 degrees C for periods of 36, 108, and 168 h, and subsequently digested at 55 degrees C. In a lab-scale experiment, the performance of a two-stage reactor system, consisting of a digester operating at 68 degrees C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days, connected to a 55 degrees C reactor with 12-day HRT, was compared with a conventional single-stage reactor running at 55 degrees C with 15-days HRT. When an organic loading of 3 g volatile solids (VS) per liter per day was applied, the two-stage setup had a 6% to 8% higher specific methane yield and a 9% more effective VS-removal than the conventional single-stage reactor. The 68 degrees C reactor generated 7% to 9% of the total amount of methane of the two-stage system and maintained a volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration of 4.0 to 4.4 g acetate per liter. Population size and activity of aceticlastic methanogens, syntrophic bacteria, and hydrolytic/fermentative bacteria were significantly lower in the 68 degrees C reactor than in the 55 degrees C reactors. The density levels of methanogens utilizing H2/CO2 or formate were, however, in the same range for all reactors, although the degradation of these substrates was significantly lower in the 68 degrees C reactor than in the 55 degrees C reactors. Temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis profiles (TTGE) of the 68 degrees C reactor demonstrated a stable bacterial community along with a less divergent community of archaeal species.
authors.affiliation: The Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Building 227, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mladenovska
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Westermann
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ahring
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D002417:Cattle; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D008372:Manure; D008697:Methane