title: False-negative findings for primary lung tumors on FDG positron emission tomography: staging and prognostic implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the stage and outcome of patients with primary lung tumors who had a negative finding on a FDG positron emission tomography (PET) study at the time of diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3912 patients between November 1994 and August 2002 underwent thoracic or whole-body PET performed at our institution for evaluation of a pulmonary abnormality suspicious for lung cancer. We identified 20 patients with a biopsy-proven primary lung tumor and a negative PET study at the time of presentation. Surgical, pathologic, radiographic imaging, and clinical follow-up information were reviewed to confirm the histology, stage, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor histology included adenocarcinoma (n = 7, 35%), bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma (n = 6, 30%), carcinoid (n = 3, 15%), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2, 10%), otherwise unspecified non-small cell lung cancer (n = 1, 5%), and sarcomatoid neoplasm (n = 1, 5%). One patient with bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma had multifocal stage IV disease, and all other patients were stage IA (n = 14, 70%) or stage IB (n = 5, 25%). Eighteen (90%) of the 20 patients underwent curative surgical resection. No patient is known to have tumor recurrence after resection, and three (17%) of the 18 patients are known to be living and free of disease 5 years after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma and carcinoid, newly diagnosed lung cancers with negative PET findings are usually early-stage diseases and are associated with a favorable prognosis, suggesting that indeterminate pulmonary nodules, which are PET-negative, can be managed conservatively with serial radiographic studies to monitor for signs of growth. These findings warrant further study and should be confirmed with sufficient follow-up in a large cohort of patients with PET-negative lung lesions.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Sendhil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cheran
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Patz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18