title: Adipose differentiation-related protein and regulators of lipid homeostasis identified by gene expression profiling in the murine db/db diabetic kidney.
abstract: We investigated the molecular basis of progressive diabetic renal injury in db/db mice by profiling kidney gene expression. Using high-density microarrays, we identified 482 RNA transcripts differentially expressed in 8-wk db/db vs. nondiabetic db/m kidneys, a time characterized by hyperglycemia but by little renal histopathology. By 16 wk significant mesangial expansion had developed. Sixteen-week db/db kidneys differentially expressed 639 RNA transcripts. Diabetic kidneys specifically expressed several genes normally found in adipocytes, including adipocyte differentiation-regulated protein (ADRP; or adipophilin in humans). ADRP mRNA was specifically upregulated 5.4-fold in 16-wk db/db kidneys. This finding was confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry localized ADRP diffusely to tubular epithelium throughout the cortex. ADRP is a perilipin family protein that forms lipid storage vesicles and controls triglyceride utilization; we showed that accumulation of lipid storage droplets correlated with the magnitude and localization of ADRP in db/db kidneys. Other genes involved in lipid transport, oxidation, and storage were differentially regulated in db/db kidneys, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) has been shown to regulate their expression in adipocytes. In our experiments, PPAR alpha mRNA was elevated in db/db diabetic kidneys, and PPAR alpha protein was upregulated in glomeruli, cortical tubules, and renal arterial vessels of db/db mice. In conclusion, these studies furnish new RNA-based data for mechanistic investigation into renal injury in the diabetic kidney and identify a switch of kidney phenotype in favor of lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Rangnath
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Emancipator
authors.forename: Casey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simonson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D000070780:Perilipin-2; D010641:Phenotype; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C000602982:PLIN2 protein, human; D000070780:Perilipin-2; C000602983:Plin2 protein, mouse; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors