title: Prolonged waking reduces human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein 120- or tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of rats.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induces neuronal death, presumably by apoptosis. This effect may be triggered by the glycoprotein 120 (HIVgp120) released by HIV when infecting a cell, and mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Both molecules, HIVgp120 and TNFalpha, increase sleep when administered acutely in the brain. On the other hand, sleep deprivation increases the levels of several growth factors. In this context, we challenged rats with HIVgp120 or TNFalpha simultaneously with sleep deprivation. Our results indicate that both HIVgp120 and TNFalpha increase neuronal death in the rat cerebral cortex, but not hippocampus, and that this effect is completely prevented by total deprivation of sleep. These results suggest that acute total deprivation of sleep protects against the HIVgp120 and TNFalpha deleterious effects.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Neurociencias, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Corinne J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Montes-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Silvestre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alavez
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Reyes
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morán
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Prospéro-García
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha