title: PTEN regulates Mdm2 expression through the P1 promoter.
abstract: MDM2 is an oncoprotein that controls tumorigenesis through both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Mdm2 mRNA level is transcriptionally regulated by p53 in response to stress such as DNA damage, and its protein level and subcellular localization are post-translationally modulated by the AKT serine/threonine kinase. Previous studies showed that PTEN, a dual specificity phosphatase that antagonizes phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling, is capable of blocking MDM2 nuclear translocation and destabilizing the MDM2 protein. Results from our current study demonstrate an additional role for PTEN in regulating MDM2 functions; PTEN modulates Mdm2 transcription and isoform selection by negatively regulating its P1 promoter. In Pten-null cell lines and prostate cancer tissues, Mdm2 P1 promoter activity is up-regulated, resulting in increased L-Mdm2 expression and enhanced p90(MDM2) isoform production. Furthermore, PTEN controls Mdm2 P1 promoter activity through its lipid phosphatase activity, independent of p53. Thus, our results provide a novel mechanism for PTEN in controlling MDM2 oncoprotein functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, USA.
authors.forename: Chun-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C487757:Pten protein, mouse