title: Polymorphisms in glutamate decarboxylase genes: analysis in schizophrenia.
abstract: The decrease of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has been reported as an important neurochemical alteration of the inhibitory GABAergic interneurons in schizophrenia. To our knowledge no studies have investigated the genetic variants influencing GAD expression. To search for markers contributing to the genetic susceptibility of schizophrenia, we typed two polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in both GAD1 and GAD2 genes in 112 triad families and 46 case-controls. We used the Transmission Disequilibrium Test to perform the qualitative family-based analyses and found negative results (GAD1, chi2 = 0.273, 1 degree of freedom, P = 0.60; GAD2, chi2 = 0, 1 degree of freedom, P = 1). In addition there were no associations with GAD1 and GAD2 and quantitative measures of suicide behaviour in this sample. Although our results are negative, this was the first study to investigate GAD genes in schizophrenia, and further studies of these genes, particularly with schizophrenia subtypes, may prove valuable.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Section, Clarke Site, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Pierandrea
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muglia
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masellis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jane Dalton
authors.forename: Greg W H
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; C045874:endodeoxyribonuclease StyI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2