title: New Zealand Rural General Practitioners 1999 Survey--Part 2: gender issues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and contrast the demographic and working characteristics of female and male rural general practitioners (GPs) in New Zealand, and to highlight issues specific to female rural GPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous postal questionnaires were sent to 559 rural GPs in November 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completed questionnaires were returned by 417 rural GPs (75%). Of the 338 rural GPs who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 93 (28%) were female. Eighty percent of female rural GPs were younger than 45 years of age compared with 53% of male rural GPs (p < 0.01). Women were less likely to be in full-time practice (45% vs 90%) or own their own practice (63% vs 83%) (p < 0.01). Concerns about locum scarcities, overwork, excessive on-call, bureaucratic demands, and GP shortages were equally important to both genders--while issues of security, accreditation, and combining work and family were mentioned by female GPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the quantitative gender differences could be explained by the female rural GPs being younger (80% in their child-bearing years). Recognising and addressing the specific difficulties faced by part-time female rural GPs, such as by providing more flexible work options, would create a more favourable environment, likely to retain and recruit more women.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Auckland University, Auckland, New Zealand. ronjanes@xtra.co.nz
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janes
authors.forename: Raina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elley
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dowell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003625:Data Collection; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011365:Professional Practice Location; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce