title: Television images and probable posttraumatic stress disorder after September 11: the role of background characteristics, event exposures, and perievent panic.
abstract: Television viewing has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after disasters and traumas; we examined characteristics that may explain this association among New Yorkers after September 11, 2001. Among 2001 respondents to a random-digit dial telephone survey conducted 4 months after September 11, people who viewed more television images in the 7 days after September 11 had more probable PTSD. People in the highest third of viewing had a 2.32 times greater odds of probable PTSD after September 11 compared with people in the lowest third of viewing; after adjustment for explanatory variables, the relative odds of probable PTSD were 1.66. Adjustment for perievent panic accounted for 44% of the reduction in association between television and probable PTSD, suggesting that perievent emotional reactions may play an important role in the television and psychopathology association. Television may merit consideration as a potential exposure to a traumatic event.
authors.affiliation: New York Academy of Medicine, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013690:Television; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*