title: [Flail chest due to blunt trauma: clinical features and factors affecting prognosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the clinical features of patients with flail chest, together with treatment results, and the factors affecting prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 34 patients (27 males, 7 females; mean age 41 years; range 15-61 years) who underwent treatment for flail chest. A retrospective analysis was made regarding the etiology, injury to the chest wall, pulmonary contusion, hemothorax and pneumothorax requiring chest tube, associated injuries, injury severity score (ISS), the presence of shock on admission, the amount of blood transfusions within the first 24 hours, treatment, and the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common cause of flail chest was traffic accidents (79.4%). Shock was detected in 41.2% and pulmonary contusions in 55.9%. Ventilatory support was required in 70.6%. The mean ISS was 36; mortality occurred in 32.4%. In seven patients without associated injuries and who did not receive ventilatory support, the mean ISS was 22.8 and all survived. However, in 18 patients with associated organ injuries, the mean ISS was 43.6, with mortality being 50% (p<0.05). Factors responsible for prolonged ventilatory support, pneumonia, and septic deaths included ISS above 31, associated fractures and injuries, blood transfusions, the need for chest tube, age equal to or above 50 years, and the presence of bilateral flail chest. The incidences of pneumonia and mortality were significantly less in patients treated with internal fixation (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that careful fluid management and effective pain control, stabilization of the chest wall, immediate ventilatory support and early weaning from ventilation are the mainstays of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medicine Faculty of Firat University, Elaziğ, Turkey. abalci@firat.edu.tr
authors.forename: Akin Eraslan
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozalp
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ayan
authors.forename: Sadik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vuraloğlu
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005409:Flail Chest / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012253:Rib Fractures; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult