title: Analysis of mortality events in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT-II).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) therapy in preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in post-infarction patients with advanced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT-II) randomized 1,232 post-infarction patients with an ejection fraction of < or =30% to ICD or conventional therapy. In the ICD group, there was a 31% decrease in the risk of total mortality. However, a better understanding of the mode of death is desirable in order to refine therapeutic interventions in high-risk populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the 202 deaths, using a variation of the Hinkle-Thaler classification system as well as a clinical classification system to determine the incidence of SCD and the incidence of cardiac death due to progressive LV failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCD rates were 10.0% in the conventional group and 3.8% in the ICD group (p < 0.01). The hazard ratio for the risk of SCD in the ICD group compared with the conventional therapy group was 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.53, p < 0.0001). The ICD had no meaningful effect on non-sudden death (p = 0.32). The effect of defibrillator therapy in reducing SCD was similar in subgroup analyses stratified according to relevant baseline characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in mortality with ICD therapy in MADIT-II is entirely due to a reduction in SCD, with similar reductions in SCD in a spectrum of subgroups stratified according to relevant baseline characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10019, USA. hgreenberg@chpnet.org
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Mary W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy