Effect of amino acid infusion on central thermoregulatory control in humans.
BACKGROUND
Administration of protein or amino acids enhances thermogenesis, presumably by stimulating oxidative metabolism. However, hyperthermia results even when thermoregulatory responses are intact, suggesting that amino acids also alter central thermoregulatory control. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that amino acid infusion increases the thermoregulatory set point.


METHODS
Nine male volunteers each participated on 4 study days in randomized order: (1) intravenous amino acids infused at 4 kJ x kg(-1) x h(-1) for 2.5 h combined with skin-surface warming, (2) amino acid infusion combined with cutaneous cooling, (3) saline infusion combined with skin-surface warming, and (4) saline infusion combined with cutaneous cooling.


RESULTS
Amino acid infusion increased resting core temperature by 0.3 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SD) and oxygen consumption by 18 +/- 12%. Furthermore, amino acid infusion increased the calculated core temperature threshold (triggering core temperature at a designated mean skin temperature of 34 degrees C) for active cutaneous vasodilation by 0.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C, for sweating by 0.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C, for thermoregulatory vasoconstriction by 0.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C, and for thermogenesis by 0.4 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Amino acid infusion did not alter the incremental response intensity (i.e., gain) of thermoregulatory defenses.


CONCLUSIONS
Amino acid infusion increased the metabolic rate and the resting core temperature. However, amino acids also produced a synchronous increase in all major autonomic thermoregulatory defense thresholds; the increase in core temperature was identical to the set point increase, even in a cold environment with amble potential to dissipate heat. In subjects with intact thermoregulatory defenses, amino acid-induced hyperthermia seems to result from an increased set point rather than increased metabolic rate per se.
Nakajima
Yasufumi
Y
Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. nakajima@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
Takamata
Akira
A
Matsukawa
Takashi
T
Sessler
Daniel I
DI
Kitamura
Yoshihiro
Y
Ueno
Hiroshi
H
Tanaka
Yoshifumi
Y
Mizobe
Toshiki
T
D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects
D000596:Amino Acids; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine