title: Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.
abstract: We evaluated the disk susceptibility data of 671 nontyphoid Salmonella isolates collected from different parts of Taiwan from March 2001 to August 2001 and 1,261 nontyphoid Salmonella isolates from the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1996 to 2001. Overall, ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 2.7% (18/671) of all nontyphoid Salmonella isolates, in 1.4% (5/347) of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and in 7.5% (8/107) in S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis nationwide. MICs of six newer fluoroquinolones were determined for the following isolates: 37 isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant (human) S. Typhimurium (N = 26) and Choleraesuis (N = 11), 10 isolates of ciprofloxacin-susceptible (MIC <1 mg/mL) (human) isolates of these two serotypes, and 15 swine isolates from S. Choleraesuis (N = 13) and Typhmurium (N = 2) with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC >0.12 microg/mL). Sequence analysis of the gryA, gyrB, parC, parE, and acrR genes, ciprofloxacin accumulation, and genotypes generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with three restriction enzymes (SpeI, XbaI, and BlnI) were performed. All 26 S. Typhimurium isolates from humans and pigs belonged to genotype I. For S. Choleraesuis isolates, 91% (10/11) of human isolates and 54% (7/13) of swine isolates belonged to genotype B. These two genotypes isolates from humans all exhibited a high-level of resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC 16-64 mg/mL). They had two-base substitutions in the gyrA gene at codons 83 (Ser83Phe) and 87 (Asp87Gly or Asp87Asn) and in the parC gene at codon 80 (Ser80Arg, Ser80Ile, or Ser84Lys). Our investigation documented that not only did these two S. enterica isolates have a high prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance nationwide but also that some closely related ciprofloxacin-resistant strains are disseminated from pigs to humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. hsporen@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Po-Ren
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Lee-Jene
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Sung-Pin
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Chao-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jen-Hsien
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Jing-Jou
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yin-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Wen-Kuei
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jainn-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: Kwok-Woon
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li-Shin
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jang-Jih
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wen-Chien
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jiunn-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Feng-Yee
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yi-Chueh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yeu-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Yung-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cheng-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shen-Wu
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kwen-Tay
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Luh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012476:Salmonella arizonae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin