title: Extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may manifest as laryngitis, asthma, cough, or noncardiac chest pain. Diagnosing these extraesophageal manifestations may be difficult for primary care physicians because most patients do not have heartburn or regurgitation. Diagnostic tests have low specificity, and a cause-and-effect association between GERD and extraesophageal symptoms is difficult to establish. Response to aggressive acid suppression is often the best indication of GERD etiology in a patient with extraesophageal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Center for Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. vaezim@ccf.org
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vaezi
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000209:etiology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006209:Halitosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007827:Laryngitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology