title: Comparison of FDTD-calculated specific absorption rate in adults and children when using a mobile phone at 900 and 1800 MHz.
abstract: In this paper, the specific absorption rate (SAR) in scaled human head models is analysed to study possible differences between SAR in the heads of adults and children and for assessment of compliance with the international safety guidelines, while using a mobile phone. The finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) has been used for calculating SAR values for models of both children and adults, at 900 and 1800 MHz. Maximum 1 g averaged SAR (SAR1 g) and maximum 10 g averaged SAR (SAR10 g) have been calculated in adults and scaled head models for comparison and assessment of compliance with ANSI/IEEE and European guidelines. Results show that peak SAR1 g and peak SAR10 g all trend downwards with decreasing head size but as head size decreases, the percentage of energy absorbed in the brain increases. So, higher SAR in children's brains can be expected depending on whether the thickness of their skulls and surrounding tissues actually depends on age. The SAR in eyes of different sizes, as a critical organ, has also been studied and very similar distributions for the full size and the scaled models have been obtained. Standard limits can only be exceeded in the unpractical situation where the antenna is located at a very short distance in front of the eye.
authors.affiliation: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Física Aplicada, C/Serrano 144, 28006-Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Búrdalo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anguiano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villar
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000528:radiation effects; D040421:Cell Phone; D002648:Child; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D006257:Head / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors