title: Importance of mitral regurgitation inpatients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the prognostic importance of mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mitral regurgitation has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy for AMI. The prognostic significance of MR in patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion therapy for AMI is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventriculography was performed during the index procedure in 1,976 (95%) of 2,082 non-shock patients enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial of mechanical reperfusion strategies in AMI. The severity of operator-assessed MR was divided into four strata: none (n = 1,726), mild (n = 192), and moderate/severe (n = 58).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with progressively more severe MR were older (p < 0.0001), were more often women (p < 0.0001), and had higher Killip class (p = 0.0007). More severe grades of MR correlated with triple-vessel disease (p < 0.0001) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as measured during the index procedure (p = 0.0004). Increasingly severe MR was strongly associated with a higher mortality at 30 days (1.4% vs. 3.7% vs. 8.6%, respectively; p < 0.0001) and at one year (2.9%, 8.5%, 20.8%, respectively; p < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, the presence of even mild MR was an independent predictor of long-term mortality (mild MR, relative risk [RR] = 2.40, p = 0.005; moderate/severe MR, RR = 2.82, p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitral regurgitation of any degree present on the baseline left ventriculogram during the index procedure is a powerful, independent predictor of mortality in patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion therapy for AMI. The presence of MR identifies high-risk patients in whom close out-patient follow-up is warranted, and who may benefit from aggressive adjunctive medical or surgical therapies.
authors.affiliation: Mid-America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Pellizzon
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Grines
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stuckey
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tcheng
authors.forename: Eulogio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guagliumi
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turco
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lansky
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aymong
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077284:Abciximab