title: Ocular surface in Zn-deficient rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the cornea and conjunctiva of Zn-deficient rats with an electron microscope and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to elucidate the role of trace elements in the cornea and conjunctiva.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one-day-old Wistar Kyoto rats were fed a Zn-deficient diet and deionized water for 7 weeks and then killed. The control rats were fed a Zn-deficient diet and deionized water supplemented with 3 mg Zn/100 ml. After 7 weeks on the deficient diet, another group of rats was given drinking water containing 3 mg Zn/100 ml and the usual diet containing 4.7 mg Zn/100 g for 8 weeks for recovery. The cornea and conjunctiva were examined by electron microscopy and TOF-SIMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microvilli and microplicae in the most superficial layer of the epithelium of the Zn-deficient rat conjunctiva and cornea were prominently reduced, and dark cells were significantly increased. The numbers of goblet cells were decreased in the conjunctiva of the Zn-deficient group. Zn, Ca and Al ions were significantly fewer, but K, Fe, Cl and S ions were significantly more numerous in the Zn-deficient group than in the control group. In the cornea of the Zn-deficient group, there was significantly more Cl but less Ca and vitamin C than in the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zn deficiency may interfere with protein, nucleic acid and collagen synthesis through the reduction of Zn-containing enzymes. Myosin-like substance, actin filaments and tonofibrils are important structural components for microvilli and microplicae in the epithelium. Maldevelopment of these structural components may be related to disturbed activities of Zn-containing enzymes in protein and collagen synthesis because of Zn deficiency. In addition, Zn deficiency caused changes in the levels of Zn and other trace elements such as Ca, Al, S, Fe, and Cl and vitamin C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zn deficiency resulted in poorly developed microvilli and microplicae on the ocular surface tissues, reduced the number of goblet cells and changed the quantity of trace elements and vitamin C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Huaqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Tsugio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tozu
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid