title: Effect of moxifloxacin on bacterial pathogenicity factors in comparison with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ceftriaxone.
abstract: Moxifloxacin is a recent fluoroquinolone with an antibacterial spectrum encompassing both aerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, as well as anaerobic bacteria. In this study the activity of moxifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and effects of subinhibitory concentrations on bacterial morphology and adhesion properties were compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ceftriaxone. The in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was equal to or better than that of comparators. Subinhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin significantly affected bacterial morphology of S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa, leading to formation of spherical forms and filaments. Moreover, bacterial adhesion to buccal cells and fibroblasts was reduced after treatment with 1/4 and 1/8 X MIC of moxifloxacin. In conclusion, subinhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin remarkably interfere with some bacterial pathogenic factors, thereby contributing to its antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Italy. lorenzo.drago@unimi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Vecchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicola
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tocalli
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gismondo
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000658:Amoxicillin; D017291:Clarithromycin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin