title: Endoscopic mandibular condylectomy and reconstruction: early clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate early outcomes in patients who underwent endoscopic condylectomy and costochondral graft reconstruction (CCG) of the ramus/condyle unit (RCU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective evaluation of 10 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic condylectomy and CCG (n = 17 sides) for the treatment of idiopathic condylar resorption (n = 7), degenerative joint disease (n = 1), and malunion of a fractured condyle (n = 2) was completed. Patients were included who had 1) adequate documentation after endoscopic condylectomy and CCG reconstruction and 2) a minimum of 6-months follow-up. Patients with inadequate documentation or follow-up were excluded. The surgical technique included a 1.5-cm incision inferior to the mandibular angle. Blunt dissection was carried to the masseter muscle, which was incised using needle point electrocautery. An optical cavity was created for insertion of a Hopkins (Karl Storz, Culver City, CA) endoscope. The resection and reconstruction were carried out with endoscopic instrumentation. Preoperative (T0), postoperative (T1), and follow-up (T2) clinical examinations, lateral cephalograms, and panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 10 cases, condylectomy and CCG reconstruction (n = 17 sides) were successfully performed using the endoscopic approach. The mean follow-up period was 17 months (range, 8 to 38 months). All submandibular scars were aesthetically satisfactory, and there were no facial, inferior alveolar, or lingual nerve injuries. No other intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Postoperative RCU length, mandibular position, and correction of the occlusion were documented using lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that endoscopic condylectomy and CCG reconstruction produce satisfactory clinical outcomes without significant morbidity. Long-term follow-up studies are in progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Troulis
authors.forename: W Bradford
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Leonard B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Kaban
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000601:surgery; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000601:surgery