title: The influence of urine on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of various antibiotics against different Escherichia coli phenotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of urine on the in vitro activities of various antibiotics used in the therapy of urinary tract infections was assessed by the microbroth dilution method in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Escherichia coli strains were used: 10 E. coli strains susceptible to ampicillin, 10 strains resistant to ampicillin and ampicillin+sulbactam and ten extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were performed parallel in Mueller-Hinton broth and human urine by the microbroth dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MIC(90) of all antibiotics except cephalothin were higher in the urine. MICs performed in the urine were found significantly higher than those performed in broth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that MICs of antibiotics are influenced by the human urine and that MICs of some antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary tract infections may be overestimated by the standard antibiotic testing methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Büyükbaba-Boral
authors.forename: Nevriye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gönüllü
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Küçükbasmaci
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anğ-Küçüker
authors.forename: Ozdem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Anğ
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000652:urine*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents