title: Detailed MR imaging anatomy of the abducent nerve: evagination of CSF into Dorello canal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The abducent nerve is difficult to identify reliably and consistently with conventional radiologic techniques. In this study, a 3D fast asymmetrical spin-echo MR imaging technique was used to obtain detailed images of the abducent nerve in normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 3D fast asymmetrical spin-echo MR protocol was used to image the abducent nerves in 24 normal volunteers by using a 1-mm section thickness in the tilted axial and parasagittal planes. The microanatomy of the abducent nerve within Dorello's canal was also demonstrated in a cadaver study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 24 normal volunteers, the anatomy of 47 abducent nerves was clearly depicted on MR images. The length of the cisternal segment of the abducent nerve, extending from the brain stem to its dural foramina, ranged from 6.7 to 19.6 mm (mean, 13.1 mm). The abducent nerves were at an angle of 5 to 90 degrees (mean, 24.5 degrees) to the clivus. CSF evagination was detected in the region of Dorello's canal in 36 (77%) of 47 abducent nerves. The length of CSF evagination varied: 0.9 mm in five nerves, 1.0 to 1.9 mm in 18 nerves, 2.0 to 2.9 mm in eight nerves, and 3.0 mm or more in five nerves. Histologic examination of serial sections of the abducent nerve revealed that the petroclival segment of the nerve was covered by an envelope composed of an arachnoid cell layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The course of the abducent nerve was reliably identified using the 3D fast asymmetrical spin-echo MR protocol and a histologically proven arachnoid envelope around the petroclival segment of the nerve was shown as CSF evagination into Dorello's canal by MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Makita
mesh_terms: D000010:Abducens Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D001099:Arachnoid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D002946:Cisterna Magna / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012016:Reference Values; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology