title: Role of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway during conidial germination and hyphal fusion in Neurospora crassa.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotic organisms. MAP kinase pathways are composed of a MAP kinase, a MAP kinase kinase, and a MAP kinase kinase kinase; activation is regulated by sequential phosphorylation. Components of three MAP kinase pathways have been identified by genome sequence analysis in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. One of the predicted MAP kinases in N. crassa, MAK-2, shows similarity to Fus3p and Kss1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are involved in sexual reproduction and filamentation, respectively. In this study, we show that an N. crassa mutant disrupted in mak-2 exhibits a pleiotropic phenotype: derepressed conidiation, shortened aerial hyphae, lack of vegetative hyphal fusion, female sterility, and autonomous ascospore lethality. We assessed the phosphorylation of MAK-2 during conidial germination and early colony development. Peak levels of MAK-2 phosphorylation were most closely associated with germ tube elongation, branching, and hyphal fusion events between conidial germlings. A MAP kinase kinase kinase (NRC-1) is the predicted product of N. crassa nrc-1 locus and is a homologue of STE11 in S. cerevisiae. An nrc-1 mutant shares many of the same phenotypic traits as the mak-2 mutant and, in particular, is a hyphal fusion mutant. We show that MAK-2 phosphorylation during early colony development is dependent upon the presence of NRC-1 and postulate that phosphorylation of MAK-2 is required for hyphal fusion events that occur during conidial germination.
authors.affiliation: The Plant and Microbial Biology Department, The University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: M Gabriela
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Nick D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: N Louise
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C119849:nrc-1 protein, Neurospora crassa; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases