title: Apoptosis in liver damage produced by tunicamycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether apoptosis contributes to hepatocyte loss in tunicamycin poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of four guinea pigs were given 400 microg/kg of tunicamycin subcutaneously and killed at 24 h intervals up to 72 h post-injection. Livers were examined by routine histological methods and ancillary techniques (TUNEL staining, endonuclease activation, caspase activity, and electron microscopy) to ascertain whether any hepatocyte injury was apoptotic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many hepatocytes exposed to tunicamycin showed evidence of apoptosis in the form of nuclear karyorrhexis with chromatin margination and crescent formation, TUNEL-positivity, DNA laddering, elevated caspase activity and apoptotic body formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tunicamycin caused the death of many hepatocytes in the livers of guinea pigs by apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Box 14, Rundle Street PO, Adelaide 5000.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Finnie
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Swift
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000662:veterinary; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D014415:Tunicamycin / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D014415:Tunicamycin