title: Detection of circulating soluble CD28 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and the role of the serum soluble costimulatory molecule CD28 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Soluble CD28 concentration was determined by ELISA in 45 patients with SLE, 45 patients with primary SS, 30 patients with SSc, and 45 healthy subjects. We also evaluated CD28 mRNA expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR, and the biological activity of recombinant soluble CD28 on T lymphocyte activity. Concentrations of soluble CD28 were significantly higher in patients with SLE, primary SS and SSc than in healthy subjects. Soluble CD28 concentrations were higher in patients with systemic primary SS than in patients with glandular-limited primary SS. PCR analysis suggested that soluble CD28 resulted from the shedding of the membrane form. In vitro assay revealed that soluble CD28 inhibits the anti-CD3 mAb induced T cell proliferation. Soluble CD28, which modulates the proliferation of T lymphocytes, could be associated with disease severity in patients with autoimmune disease, especially primary SS. These results suggest that soluble CD28 could play an important role in the regulation of autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France. m-hebbar@chru-lille.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hebbar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeannin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magistrelli
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Hatron
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hachulla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devulder
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bonnefoy
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Delneste
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016853:Muromonab-CD3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016853:Muromonab-CD3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins