title: A novel function of the MA-3 domains in transformation and translation suppressor Pdcd4 is essential for its binding to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A.
abstract: An alpha-helical MA-3 domain appears in several translation initiation factors, including human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) and DAP-5/NAT1/p97, as well as in the tumor suppressor Pdcd4. The function of the MA-3 domain is, however, unknown. C-terminal eIF4G (eIG4Gc) contains an MA-3 domain that is located within the eIF4A-binding region, suggesting a role for eIF4A binding. Interestingly, C-terminal DAP-5/NAT1/p97 contains an MA-3 domain, but it does not bind to eIF4A. Mutation of amino acid residues conserved between Pdcd4 and eIF4Gc but not in DAP-5/NAT1/p97 to the amino acid residues found in the DAP-5/NAT1/p97 indicates that some of these amino acid residues within the MA-3 domain are critical for eIF4A-binding activity. Six Pdcd4 mutants (Pdcd4(E249K), Pdcd4(D253A), Pdcd4(D414K), Pdcd4(D418A), Pdcd4(E249K,D414K), and Pdcd4(D253A,D418A)) lost >90% eIF4A-binding activity. Mutation of the corresponding amino acid residues in the eIF4Gc also produced similar results, as seen for Pdcd4. These results demonstrate that the MA-3 domain is important for eIF4A binding and explain the ability of Pdcd4 or eIF4Gc but not DAP-5/NAT1/p97 to bind to eIF4A. Competition experiments indicate that Pdcd4 prevents ca. 60 to 70% of eIF4A binding to eIF4Gc at a Pdcd4/eIF4A ratio of 1:1, but mutants Pdcd4(D253A) and Pdcd4(D253A,D418A) do not. Translation of stem-loop structured mRNA is susceptible to inhibition by wild-type Pdcd4 but not by Pdcd4(D253A), Pdcd4(D418A), or Pdcd4(D235A,D418A). Together, these results indicate that not only binding to eIF4A but also prevention of eIF4A binding to the MA-3 domain of eIF4Gc contributes to the mechanism by which Pdcd4 inhibits translation.
authors.affiliation: Gene Regulation Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. hyang@ncifcrf.gov
authors.forename: Hsin-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Myung-Haing
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zakowicz
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hegamyer
authors.forename: Nahum
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sonenberg
authors.forename: Nancy H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Colburn
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D039601:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C114487:PDCD4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D039601:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4A