title: Changes in daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and objective sleep patterns in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has long been assumed that allergic rhinitis leads to daytime sleepiness and a deterioration of nocturnal sleep, yet systematic studies have only been rarely conducted in this field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on subjective and objective sleep patterns, quality of life, and daytime sleepiness in otherwise healthy subjects in comparison with nonallergic volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this prospective, controlled clinical trial. Daytime sleepiness and quality of life were assessed with the help of questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, SF-36); 2 consecutive nights of fully attended polysomnography were performed before and during the pollen season of 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences between groups were found in respect to changes in daytime sleepiness and selected parameters of quality of life. Impairment of daytime sleepiness and quality of life were related to the severity of the disease. Statistically significant differences were also found for selected parameters of the sleep studies, although the changes were only minimal, and all values were within normal ranges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seasonal allergic rhinitis leads to increased daytime sleepiness, as well as to an impairment of quality of life, depending on the severity of the disease. Objective measurements revealed a statistically significant influence of seasonal allergic rhinitis on selected sleep parameters, but changes were not of clinical relevance. Daytime sleepiness seems to be related to the condition itself rather than to an impairment of nocturnal sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, 68135 Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stuck
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czajkowski
authors.forename: Anna-Eva
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hagner
authors.forename: Ludger
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klimek
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verse
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hörmann
authors.forename: Joachim T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Maurer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012890:Sleep; D012894:Sleep Stages; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires