title: Intravenous pamidronate in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Potent oral bisphosphonates are the mainstay of therapy for osteoporosis. However, there are patients who cannot have oral bisphosphonates (e.g. because of gastrointestinal side-effects). Therefore, we wanted to examine the effects of intermittent i.v. pamidronate (APD) on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients who needed bisphosphonate therapy but could not have oral bisphosphonates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess BMD before and after intermittent i.v. APD in patients requiring a bisphosphonate either for the prevention of osteoporosis on concurrent steroid therapy or for the treatment of osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective audit of 84 consecutive patients at risk of fractures commencing APD between October 1997 and May 2000. Patients were treated with intermittent i.v. APD. BMD as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after APD was the main outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean length of treatment and mean total APD dose were 16.8 +/- 7.0 months and 186.1 +/- 79.5 mg respectively. The reasons for using APD were failure to qualify for oral bisphosphonates on the pharmaceutical benefits scheme due to lack of documented minimal trauma fractures (58%), symptomatic gastro--oesophageal disease (20%), intolerance of oral bisphosphonates (18%) and lack of efficacy of calcitriol (4%). Mean baseline T-score at lumbar (L) 2-4 spine and femoral neck were -1.54 +/- 1.22 and - 2.87 +/- 1.19, respectively. From baseline to after APD treatment, there was a significant increase in L2-4 BMD (0.883 +/- 0.175 vs 0.912 +/- 0.176 g/cm(2), P < 0.001, mean increase +3.5%), in femoral neck BMD (0.667 +/- 0.137 vs 0.680 +/- 0.134 g/cm(2), P= 0.001, mean increase +2.1%) and in trochanteric BMD (0.549 +/- 0.129 vs 0.566 +/- 0.132 g/cm(2), P < 0.001, mean increase +3.1%). One-third of the patients were on oral glucocorticoids at the time of the present study and they had a similar increase in BMD compared to patients not on gluco-corticoids. Mild side-effects occurred in seven patients, none of whom discontinued treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent APD increases BMD and may be a suitable alternative for patients who cannot have oral bisphosphonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ssychan@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: S S Y
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nery
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McElduff
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Wilmshurst
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fulcher
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Stiel
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gunton
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Clifton-Bligh
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077268:Pamidronate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D000077268:Pamidronate