title: Accuracy of staging in early oesophageal cancer using high resolution endoscopy and high resolution endosonography: a comparative, prospective, and blinded trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The increasing use of endoscopic resection for curative treatment of early oesophageal cancers requires accurate staging before therapy. In a prospective blinded trial, we compared staging of early oesophageal carcinoma using high resolution endoscopy (HR-E) with staging using high resolution endosonography (HR-EUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 patients (89 men, 11 women; mean age 63.9 (10.8) years (range 31-91)) with a suspicion of early oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 81) or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 19) were enrolled in the study. After endoscopic staging with high resolution video endoscopy by two experienced endoscopists, HR-EUS was performed by an experienced endosonographer who was blinded to the endoscopic assessment. Results of the staging examinations were correlated with the histology of the resected tumours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall rates for accuracy of the endoscopic and endosonographic staging were 83.4% and 79.6%, respectively. Sensitivity for mucosal tumours (n = 68) was more than 90% (EUS 91.2%, endoscopy 94.1%) while sensitivity for submucosal tumours (n = 25) was lower, at 48% for EUS and 56% for endoscopic staging. A combination of the two techniques increased the sensitivity for submucosal tumours to 60%. Submucosal tumours in the tubular oesophagus were significantly better staged with HR-EUS than submucosal tumours close to the oesophagogastric junction (10/11 v 2/14; p<0.001). Tumours infiltrating the second and third submucosal layers were also more correctly diagnosed than tumours with slight infiltration of the first submucosal layer (sm1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall diagnostic accuracy of both HR-E and HR-EUS with a 20 MHz miniprobe in early oesophageal cancer was high (approximately 80%), with no significant differences between the two techniques. HR-E and HR-EUS provide a high level of diagnostic accuracy for mucosal tumours and submucosal tumours located in the tubular part of the oesophagus. With submucosal tumours located at the oesophagogastric junction or with infiltration of the first third of the submucosa however, the diagnostic accuracy of both techniques is not yet satisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, HSK Wiesbaden (Teaching Hospital of the University of Mainz), Germany. aDinahMay@aol.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Günter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gossner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stolte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vieth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ell
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method