title: Acute, local effects of iontophoresed insulin and C-peptide on cutaneous microvascular function in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to demonstrate acute, local vasodilatatory effects of insulin and C-peptide on cutaneous microvascular function in Type 1 diabetic subjects. There are no published data available examining physiological effects of C-peptide delivered in this way.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 20 participants with C-peptide-deficient Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cutaneous microvascular function was assessed on the forearm using laser Doppler velocimetry. Insulin, C-peptide, acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and saline were delivered through the skin using iontophoresis. The response was measured as percentage increase in flux above baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C-peptide delivered by iontophoresis produced a vasodilatatory response greater than the response to saline (289.5 +/- 265.9% vs. 105.1 +/- 163.6%, P = 0.003). The response to C-peptide was also shown to be dose dependent. Further, the size of the response to C-peptide correlated well with the size of the response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatator ACh (r = 0.666, P = 0.001) but not with the size of the response to the endothelium-independent vasodilator SNP (r = 0.345, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physiological effects of C-peptide on cutaneous microvascular function could be demonstrated in individuals with Type 1 diabetes. The results support both physiological activity of C-peptide and an endothelium-dependent mechanism similar to that of ACh. The technique reported may be useful in investigating vasoactive actions of C-peptide in a safe and non-invasive way.
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Institute, 250 Kooyong Road, Caulfield, Victoria 3162, Australia. cdelaney@did.org.au
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007478:Iontophoresis; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin