title: [A mouse model of hypospadias induced by flutamide].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a mouse model of hypospadias induced by flutamide to further studying molecular mechanisms of hypospadias etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty timed pregnant ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups. Flutamide was injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with mixture sesame oil at 0 (Group A), 25 (Group B), 50 (Group C), 100 (Group D) mg.kg-1.d-1 from GD (gestation days) 12 to 16, respectively. The fetuses of two pregnants from each group were anatomized to observe the position of testes and the development of prostates on the day of delivery. Urethras and the position of testes were examined on postnatal day 28.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypospadias was seen in Group A (0), B (44.2%), C (92.7%) and D (100%), and cryptorchidism in Group A (0), B (4.8%), C (23.2%) and D (32.4%), respectively. Flutamide caused 100% incidence of prostate agenesis in Group C and D and 19.2% in Group B, and 100% incidence of female-like anogenital distance in Group B, C, and D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental model of hypospadias induced by flutamide is steadier and more suitable for popularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. hehg2001@126.com
authors.forename: Houguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiageng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005485:Flutamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D005485:Flutamide