title: Benign intrascrotal lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We summarize important clinical, pathological and diagnostic features of benign intrascrotal lesions, including paratesticular lesions (adenomatoid tumors, fibrous pseudotumors, cystadenomas, spermatoceles, hydroceles, varicoceles and hernias) and intratesticular lesions (tunica albuginea cysts, testicular simple cysts, epidermoid cysts, cystic ectasia of the rete testis, intratesticular varicocele, adrenal rest tumors and splenogonadal fusion). This review provides the reader with a better understanding of benign lesions that occur in the scrotum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A directed MEDLINE literature review of benign scrotal lesions and of each individual lesion was performed. This information was enhanced with relevant information from select journals and texts. Particular emphasis was placed on clinical, pathological and diagnostic features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrascrotal lesions continue to provide a diagnostic challenge for physicians. A diagnosis can be made with a thorough history, physical examination and understanding of the pathophysiological processes of the structures contained within the scrotum. Lesions that are suspicious for malignancy should prompt urological consultation and radiological imaging. Ultrasound aids in the diagnosis in instances of uncertainty. Ultimately surgery may be necessary to make a histological diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical assessment, physical examination and an understanding of benign intrascrotal processes are key to making a diagnosis. Ultrasound has an important role and adds essential information. If surgery is necessary and a benign process is recognized, a testis sparing procedure should be performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: Vikram S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.forename: Allen D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Seftel
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D018254:Adenomatoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis; D000314:Adrenal Rest Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis; D003537:Cystadenoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000175:diagnosis; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis; D006547:Hernia / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum; D013088:Spermatocele / Q000175:diagnosis; D013154:Spleen / Q000002:abnormalities; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000175:diagnosis; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities; D014646:Varicocele / Q000175:diagnosis