title: Comparison of antireflux surgery among ethnicity.
abstract: African Americans appear less likely than caucasians to undergo surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). When they do, they appear to have higher conversion and complication rates. Nevertheless, satisfaction with surgery is similar to caucasians.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is little information comparing the prevalence and treatment of GERD in various ethnic populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the variations in outcomes between caucasians and African Americans undergoing antireflux surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of all patients who underwent antireflux surgery for GERD or paraesophageal hernia by a single surgeon from January 1997 through December 2001 were reviewed for preoperative and postoperative symptoms, complications, and postoperative satisfaction with surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 204 procedures performed, 198 patients were either African American (24) or caucasian (174). Of the 18 African Americans undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS), five were converted to open and four had grade-1 or -2 complications. Of the 160 caucasians undergoing LARS, 27 were converted, and 17 had grade-1, -2, or -3 complications. African-American females had a heavier weight (222 lbs. versus 175 lbs., p<0.05) and conversion rate (55% versus 18%, p<0.05), compared to caucasian females. Satisfaction rates for African Americans were 88%, compared to 82% for caucasians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated significant differences between conversion rates in African Americans and caucasians with respects to frequency of surgery for GERD and conversion rates for LARS. Nevertheless, African Americans appear more satisfied with their surgical outcome. Further research is needed to determine whether African Americans truly have a lower incidence of GERD or if bias exists in referral patterns or cultural attitudes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haithcock
authors.forename: Vic
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velanovich
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*