title: Direct inhibition of rat detrusor muscle contraction by erythromycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detrusor instability is a common problem in the elderly, which is usually treated with anti-cholinergic medication. This study investigates the effect of erythromycin on rat detrusor muscle contractile response to characterise its potential as an alternative inhibitor of bladder muscle contraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strips of rat detrusor muscle were suspended in a perfusion organ bath. The contractile response to direct muscle stimulation, electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.5-60 Hz), carbachol (10(-5) M), and potassium (10-80 x 10(-3) M) were determined before and after the addition of erythromycin (10(-4)-10(-3) M). The contractile response to carbachol (10(-5) M) in the presence of nifedipine (10(-8) or 10(-6) M) or in calcium-free Kreb's solution was also determined in the absence and presence of erythromycin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythromycin 5 x 10(-4) M inhibited the maximum contractile response to EFS, carbachol, and potassium by 38% (P < 0.01), 62% (P < 0.001), and 17% (P < 0.05), respectively, but did not significantly reduce the response to direct muscle stimulation. The atropine-resistant component of EFS-evoked contraction was inhibited by 19.5% (P < 0.01) in the presence of erythromycin. In calcium-free Krebs solution, the maximum contractile response to carbachol was reduced by 42% of control (P < 0.0001) and nifedipine 10(-8) M had no additional effect. When erythromycin 5 x 10(-4) M was added together with nifedipine 10(-8) M, the response to carbachol was inhibited by a further 25% (P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erythromycin inhibits rat detrusor muscle contraction through the inhibition of calcium influx and the modulation of intracellular calcium movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom. rolandengland@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Roland C D
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: England
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D000431:Ethanol; D004917:Erythromycin; D001285:Atropine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D009543:Nifedipine; D011188:Potassium