title: Budesonide versus prednisolone for the treatment of active Crohn's disease in children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, multicentre trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Budesonide is a corticosteroid with low systemic bioavailability because of its high first-pass metabolism in the liver. In this paediatric, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled, multicentre trial, the safety and efficacy of budesonide versus prednisolone were evaluated in children with active Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight children, aged 6-16 years, with active Crohn's disease (Crohn's Disease Activity Index > 200) involving ileum and/or ascending colon were randomized to receive budesonide (9 mg/day for 8 weeks, 6 mg/day for 4 weeks) or prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, tapering for 8 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were comparable for age, sex, pubertal stage, disease activity and disease duration. Mean morning plasma cortisol concentration was significantly higher in the budesonide group (200 nmol/l) than in the prednisolone group (98 nmol/l) after 8 weeks, reflecting less adrenal suppression by budesonide (difference -102 nmol/l; 95% CI -226, -52; P = 0.0028). Glucocorticosteroid side effects such as moon face and acne occurred significantly less frequently in the budesonide group. Remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index < or = 150) was seen at 8 weeks in 12/22 (55%) patients treated with budesonide and in 17/24 (71%) patients receiving prednisolone (difference -16%; 95% CI -45,13; P = 0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly fewer side effects and less adrenal suppression were observed in the children receiving budesonide. Remission rates were not significantly different in the two groups. However, there was a trend for prednisolone to be more effective for inducing remission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital-Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.escher@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Johanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Escher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019819:Budesonide; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011239:Prednisolone; D006854:Hydrocortisone