title: Albuminuria as a predictor of heart failure hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure (HF) occurs more frequently and is a significant cause of mortality in diabetic patients. The purpose of the current study is to ascertain risk factors that are predictive of HF hospitalizations in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal observational study of type 2 diabetic patients with baseline diastolic blood pressures > or =80 mm Hg and no history of New York Heart Association class III-IV HF or a serum creatinine > or =2.5 mg/dL nested within a randomized clinical trial. The outcome measure of this study was the first occurrence of HF hospitalization over a 5-year follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with overt albuminuria at baseline had a higher and earlier occurrence of HF hospitalizations than those with micro- or normoalbuminuria (13.6% versus 3.3%, odds ratio [OR]=3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.15-4.60, P<.0001). In the multiple logistic regression analyses, the presence of overt albuminuria (OR 5.4, 95% CI=2.3-12.5, P<.001), history of myocardial infarction (OR 4.6, 95% CI=1.6-13.1, P=.004) and a history of New York Heart Association Class I or II HF (OR 8.0, 95% CI=2.2-28.6, P=.0014) at baseline were independently associated with HF hospitalizations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overt albuminuria predicts the occurrence of HF hospitalizations in type 2 diabetic patients. Thus early aggressive treatment of diabetic nephropathy should be investigated as a means of preventing of HF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: Melinda L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hockensmith
authors.forename: Raymond O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Estacio
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehler
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Havranek
authors.forename: S Tevfik
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ecder
authors.forename: Rita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Schrier
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors