title: Pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging for the quantification of contractile reserve in stunned, hibernating, and scarred myocardium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether quantification of myocardial systolic velocities by pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging can differentiate between stunned, hibernating, and scarred myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 patients with reduced left ventricular function caused by chronic coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging was done close to the mitral annulus at rest and during low dose dobutamine; systolic ejection velocity (Vs) and the difference in Vs between low dose dobutamine and the resting value (DeltaVs) were assessed using a six segment model. Assessment of perfusion (with Tc-99m-tetrofosmin SPECT) and glucose utilisation (by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose SPECT) was used to classify dysfunctional regions (by resting cross sectional echocardiography) as stunned, hibernating, or scarred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  253 of 420 regions (60%) were dysfunctional. Of these, 132 (52%) were classified as stunned, 25 (10%) as hibernating, and 96 (38%) as scarred. At rest, Vs in stunned, hibernating, and scar tissue was, respectively, 6.3 (1.8), 6.6 (2.2), and 5.5 (1.5) cm/s (p = 0.001 by ANOVA). There was a gradual decline in Vs during low dose dobutamine infusion between stunned, hibernating, and scar tissue (8.3 (2.6) v 7.8 (1.5) v 6.8 (1.9) cm/s, p < 0.001 by ANOVA). DeltaVs was higher in stunned (2.1 (1.9) cm/s) than in hibernating (1.2 (1.4) cm/s, p < 0.05) or scarred regions (1.3 (1.2) cm/s, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative tissue Doppler imaging showed a gradual reduction in regional velocities between stunned, hibernating, and scarred myocardium. Dobutamine induced contractile reserve was higher in stunned regions than in hibernating and scarred myocardium, reflecting different severities of myocardial damage.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bountioukos
authors.forename: A F L
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schinkel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valkema
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krenning
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biagini
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vourvouri
authors.forename: J R T C
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Roelandt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
mesh_terms: D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C078700:technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin