title: An update on thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke is the third leading cause of death after myocardial infarction and cancer, and is the leading cause of permanent disability and disability-adjusted loss of independent life-years in western countries. Thrombolysis is the treatment of choice for acute stroke within 3 h after the onset of symptoms. We present an overview of a diagnostic approach to acute stroke management that allows the individualization of patient management based on pathophysiological reasoning and not rigid time windows established by randomized controlled trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review concentrates in the first part on giving the reader an integrated knowledge of the current status of thrombolytic therapy in stroke, and in the second part develops a treatment algorithm based on pathophysiological information rendered by a multiparametric stroke magnetic resonance imaging protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombolysis is an effective therapy for ischemic stroke, whether performed intravenously within 3 h or intra-arterially within 3-6 h. Meta-analyses have provided evidence of an effect of intravenous thrombolysis beyond the 3 h time window, especially when improved selection criteria such as modern magnetic resonance imaging protocols are applied. Sadly, thrombolysis is still underused. Positive results from studies currently underway may encourage more centers to offer this therapy to an increasing number of stroke patients, and thereby reduce the considerable socioeconomic burden of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. peter_schellinger@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Schellinger
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaste
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hacke
mesh_terms: D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome