title: Patient Preference for Placebo, Acetaminophen (paracetamol) or Celecoxib Efficacy Studies (PACES): two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trials in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is recommended as the initial pharmacological treatment for knee or hip osteoarthritis. However, survey and clinical trial data indicate greater efficacy for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclo-oxygenase-2 specific inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover multicentre clinical trials, Patient Preference for Placebo, Acetaminophen or Celecoxib Efficacy Studies (PACES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoarthritis of knee or hip.
  
  
  METHODS
  "Wash out" of treatment; randomisation; 6 weeks of celecoxib 200 mg/day, acetaminophen 1000 mg four times a day, or placebo; second "wash out;" crossover to 6 weeks of second treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue pain scale, patient preference between two treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Celecoxib was more efficacious than acetaminophen in both periods in both studies; WOMAC and pain scale scores differed at p<0.05 in period II and both periods combined of PACES-a and in periods I and II and both periods combined in PACES-b, but not in period I of PACES-a. Acetaminophen was more efficacious than placebo, generally p<0.05 in PACES-b, and >0.05 in PACES-a. Patient preferences were 53% celecoxib v 24% acetaminophen in PACES-a (p<0.001) and 50% v 32% in PACES-b (p = 0.009); 37% acetaminophen v 28% placebo in PACES-a (p = 0.340) and 48% v 24% in PACES-b (p = 0.007). No clinically or statistically significant differences were seen in adverse events or tolerability among the three treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater efficacy was seen for celecoxib v acetaminophen v placebo, while adverse events and tolerability were similar. Variation in results and statistical significance in the two different trials are of interest.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 203 Oxford House, Box 5, Nashville, TN 37232-4500, USA. t.pincus@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mangal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sokka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gibofsky
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zlotnick
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fort
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000068579:Celecoxib