title: Hypothalamic neuropeptide release after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: in vivo microdialysis study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As evidence exists about independent regulation of peripheral and central release of the vasoactive and natriuretic neuropeptides arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), we investigated their release patterns following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  After injection of 0.1 ml arterial blood or saline into the great cistern of 33 Wistar rats, AVP and OXT levels were measured in blood and by microdialysis in the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). For statistical analysis, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used with Tukey HSD post hoc ANOVA tests to determine specific group differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma AVP and OXT peaked 2 h after SAH (P < 0.05), and normalized at 4 h. In the SON, both AVP and OXT peaked 4 h after SAH (P < 0.05). In the PVN, AVP increased in both groups (P < 0.05), while no OXT release occurred. By the sham group, any effect of experimental procedure was excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SAH-specific central neuropeptide release, which exceeded peripheral release and continued longer, may contribute to pathophysiological events following SAH.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Department, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. akleindienst@vcu.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleindienst
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gaab
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landgraf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology*; D013495:Supraoptic Nucleus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D010121:Oxytocin