title: Constrictive pericarditis: etiology and cause-specific survival after pericardiectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the association of etiology of constrictive pericarditis (CP), pericardial calcification (CA), and other clinical variables with long-term survival after pericardiectomy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Constrictive pericarditis is the result of a spectrum of primary cardiac and noncardiac conditions. Few data exist on the cause-specific survival after pericardiectomy. The impact of CA on survival is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 163 patients who underwent pericardiectomy for CP over a 24-year period at a single surgical center were studied. Constrictive pericarditis was confirmed by the surgical report. Vital status was obtained from the Social Security Death Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Etiology of CP was idiopathic in 75 patients (46%), prior cardiac surgery in 60 patients (37%), radiation treatment in 15 patients (9%), and miscellaneous in 13 patients (8%). Median follow-up among survivors was 6.9 years (range 0.8 to 24.5 years), during which time there were 61 deaths. Perioperative mortality was 6%. Idiopathic CP had the best prognosis (7-year Kaplan-Meier survival: 88%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 76% to 94%) followed by postsurgical (66%, 95% CI 52% to 78%) and postradiation CP (27%, 95% CI 9% to 58%). In bootstrap-validated proportional hazards analyses, predictors of poor overall survival were prior radiation, worse renal function, higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAP), abnormal left ventricular (LV) systolic function, lower serum sodium level, and older age. Pericardial calcification had no impact on survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term survival after pericardiectomy for CP is related to underlying etiology, LV systolic function, renal function, serum sodium, and PAP. The relatively good survival with idiopathic CP emphasizes the safety of pericardiectomy in this subgroup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bertog
authors.forename: Senthil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Thambidorai
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parakh
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schoenhagen
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ozduran
authors.forename: Penny L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Houghtaling
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Allan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010492:Pericardiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010494:Pericarditis, Constrictive / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications*