title: Ski and SnoN: negative regulators of TGF-beta signaling.
abstract: Ski and SnoN are unique proto-oncoproteins in that they can induce both oncogenic transformation and terminal muscle differentiation when expressed at high levels. Recent studies using in vitro and in vivo approaches have begun to unravel the complex roles of Ski and SnoN in tumorigenesis and embryonic development. The identification of Ski and SnoN as important negative regulators of signal transduction by the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of cytokines provides a valuable molecular basis for the complex functions of Ski and SnoN.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, 237 Hildebrand Hall, Mail code 3206, Berkeley, CA 94720-3206, USA. kluo@uclink.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Kunxin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C060615:SKIL protein, human; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C060614:SKI protein, human