title: Interleukin-2, interferon-alpha and 5-fluorouracil immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the all Ireland experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the long-term efficacy of combined interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) subcutaneously, with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intravenously in a general multicentre setting, as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients with metastatic RCC were scheduled to receive an 8-week cycle of immunotherapy. Karnofsky score ranged from 70 to 100 (median 90). Thirty-one patients at presentation had metastases of which 14 underwent nephrectomy. Metastases occurred in multiple organs (lung 74%, mediastinal lymphadenopathy 22%, bone 21%). Therapeutic response and survival were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients died from disease progression prior to completion of one full cycle. Six cases (10%) have stable disease at a follow-up of 51 months (range 20-88 months). Currently 11 patients (19%) are alive at a mean follow-up of 45 months (range 18-88 months). Forty-eight patients (81%) died of their disease at a mean follow-up of 10 months (range 0.5-46 months). Survival rate at 1 year was 53%, at 2 years 21%, at 3 years 16% and at 5 years 5%. Overall median survival is 10 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-2 and IFN-alpha with 5-FU based immunotherapy achieve durable survival rates at 3 years in a minority of patients. Addition of 5-FU does not increase survival in our group. This study population is very different to other reported series. However it reflects better the entire population with metastatic RCC though results are subsequently poorer. Identifying patients that will respond is paramount.
authors.affiliation: The Adelaide and Meath Hospitals, incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland. fobrien@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bredin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: T E D
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Twomey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornhill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D005472:Fluorouracil