title: Review of enucleation methods and procedures used in animal cloning: state of the art.
abstract: Enucleation of a recipient oocyte is a crucially important process for nuclear transfer efficiency. Several procedures have been developed and used in the production of nuclear transfer embryos. Although the use of excitable fluorochromes and ultraviolet (UV) light are commonly used for complete enucleation, they also pose the risk of damaging the maternal cytoplast. Telophase and chemically assisted enucleation have also been used for cloning, but the quality and quantity of the recipient cytoplasm varies with the procedure used. This paper reviews various methods used for enucleation, and discusses their benefits and limitations with respect to cloning efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, USA. g.pengli@cc.usu.edu
authors.forename: Guang-Peng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bunch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002498:Centrifugation; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013692:Telophase; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C093207:SYBR-14; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride