title: Alcohol consumption and arterial stiffness in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Moderate alcohol consumption has been proposed to be anti-atherogenic and protect against coronary heart disease. Arterial stiffness provides a summary measure of atherosclerotic arterial damage and cardiovascular risk. A vascular protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption would be reflected in an inverse association between alcohol intake and aortic stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The male population of Utrecht.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 370 men, aged 40-80 years, alcohol intake was calculated from a standardized questionnaire and aortic stiffness was non-invasively assessed by pulse-wave velocity (PWV) measurement of the aorta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no non-drinkers; therefore the group consuming 0-3 glasses of alcoholic beverage per week was chosen as the reference group in the analyses. Those drinking 4-10, 11-21 and 22-58 glasses of alcoholic beverage per week had a -0.77 m/s (95% confidence interval, -1.26 to -0.28), -0.57 m/s (95% confidence interval, -1.07 to -0.08) and -0.14 m/s (95% confidence interval, -0.65 to 0.36) difference in mean PWV compared with those drinking 0-3 glasses per week. Adjustment for factors that correlated with PWV or alcohol consumption did not change the strength of the association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among men aged 40-80 years there is a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and PWV. This further supports a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease with moderate alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Physiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aafje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sierksma
authors.forename: Majon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Yvonne T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van der Schouw
authors.forename: Diederick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: Henk F J
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Michiel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011674:Pulse; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires