title: Advances in imaging of the solitary pulmonary nodule.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the radiological management of a solitary pulmonary nodule.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE literature search (1958-2002).
  
  
  METHODS
  All review articles and original articles. Key words for the literature search were 'solitary pulmonary nodule' and 'imaging'.
  
  
  METHODS
  All relevant information and data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The solitary pulmonary nodule remains a perennial problem in radiological practice, particularly with current trends using low-dose computed tomography to screen for lung cancer. Determining the likelihood of malignancy forms the basis of the radiological approach of a solitary pulmonary nodule. Several factors that influence risk analysis include morphological and enhancement characteristics of the solitary pulmonary nodule on imaging, stability of the nodule, age of patient, smoking history, and history of malignant disease. Other ancillary procedures and imaging techniques that assist in the evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule include fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography, technetium Tc 99m depreotide imaging, bronchoscopy with bronchioloalveolar lavage and biopsy, image-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy, video-assisted thorascopic surgery, and thoracotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success of any radiological management of a solitary pulmonary nodule rests on careful clinical evaluation and risk stratification for malignancy before the implementation of appropriate imaging techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. cgcooi@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Khong
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods