title: Venlafaxine versus placebo in the preventive treatment of recurrent major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major depression is often chronic and recurrent, yet most long-term therapeutic trials are not adequately designed to assess antidepressant efficacy in recurrence prevention. Long-term efficacy and safety of prophylactic venlafaxine treatment were evaluated in outpatients with recurrent major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a history of recurrent DSM-III-R major depression received open-label treatment with venlafaxine, 100 to 200 mg/day, for 6 months. Those who responded to treatment (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D(21)] score < or = 12, day 56) and remained relapse-free (no more than 2 HAM-D(21) scores > 10 and no Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness [CGI-S] score > or = 4, months 2-6) either continued taking venlafaxine, 100 to 200 mg/day, or were switched in a double-blind fashion to placebo for 12 months. The primary efficacy outcome was the number of patients experiencing a recurrence of major depression (CGI-S score > or = 4). The cumulative probability of recurrence was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method of survival analysis. Data were collected from November 1992 through December 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 235 patients who enrolled in the recurrence-prevention period, 225 (N = 109, venlafaxine; N = 116, placebo) provided efficacy data. Survival analysis determined a 22% cumulative probability of recurrence in venlafaxine-treated patients after 12 months compared with 55% for the placebo group (p <.001). More than twice as many placebo-treated patients (48%) as venlafaxine-treated patients (21%) discontinued treatment because of lack of efficacy (p <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve-month maintenance venlafaxine treatment was significantly more efficacious than placebo in preventing major depression recurrence in patients who had been successfully treated with venlafaxine for 6 months.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College School of Medicine, PO Box 8751, London W13 8WH, England, UK. stuart@samontgomery.co.uk
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Entsuah
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: Nadia R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rudolph
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride