title: 'Cardiac-type' (mucinous) mucosa and carditis are both associated with Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction is rapidly increasing in incidence and there is much interest in precursor lesions. The aetiology of inflammation of the gastric cardia (carditis) and the concept of the cardia as a native zone of mucinous gastric glands are disputed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between the type of cardiac mucosa and carditis with various histological and clinical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight sets of gastric biopsies (cardia, corpus, incisura and antrum) were obtained prospectively in young patients (median age 40 years) who presented to the outpatient clinic with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux (n = 25) or other upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients with neoplasia or Barrett's oesophagus were excluded. The presence (n = 19) or absence of oesophagitis at endoscopy was recorded. The degree of inflammation, Helicobacter pylori density, intestinal metaplasia and atrophy were scored according to the Sydney classification and the type of cardiac mucosa (oxyntic or mucinous) was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that carditis and mucinous-type cardiac mucosa were strongly associated with H. pylori-related gastritis (P = 0.00019 and P = 0.006, respectively) but not with clinical or endoscopic gastro-oesophageal reflux. Mucinous mucosa in the cardia was only seen in 17% of biopsies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori-related gastritis is associated with mucinous-type cardiac mucosa as well as with carditis. The former strongly points to expansion of mucinous cardiac mucosa in H. pylori gastritis. This probably represents metaplasia of oxyntic to mucinous mucosa and raises the possibility of a role in carcinogenesis of the gastro-oesophageal junction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. cgulmann@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gulmann
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leader
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patchett
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kay
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D002299:Cardia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000473:pathology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology