title: Predicting treatment response in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from the pretreatment tumor content of phosphoethanolamine plus phosphocholine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine, shown to be elevated in tumors and possibly related to apoptotic signaling, have the potential to be prognostic variables of cancer treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sum of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine normalized by nucleotide-triphosphates was determined in tumors of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients via in vivo 31P MR spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normalized sum of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine showed significant differences in tumors of patients who had a complete response to treatment against those who did not (t-test: 1.45 +/- 0.15, mean +/- standard error, n = 10 vs. 2.28 +/- 0.15, n = 17, P < .001; Fisher test: P < .04; sensitivity and specificity approximately equal to 70%). This parameter also showed significant differences among treatment responses in the previously untreated and aggressive subgroups and in the low and low-intermediate-risk subgroups determined by the international prognostic index (IPI). Further, distinctly different treatment response cutoffs for the parameter were found in different risk groups. When these risk-dependent cutoffs were used, the Fisher test of the whole group improved (P < .0002, sensitivity 80%, specificity 94%). The normalized sum of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine and the IPI were better predictor covariates for time to treatment failure when fitted interactively in a Cox regression (P < .0003) than when fitted independently. When time to treatment failure was used as a surrogate of survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis, the interaction of both covariates segregated the cases significantly (P < .008). There was no significance with each covariate independently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normalized sum of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine measured before treatment successfully predicts long-term response to treatment and time to treatment failure in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, particularly when combined with the IPI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance & Medical Spectroscopy, Philadelphia, PA, USA. fa2003@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arias-Mendoza
authors.forename: Mitchell R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Truman R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004983:Ethanolamines; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C005448:phosphorylethanolamine