title: Hemoadsorption removes tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10, reduces nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding, and improves short-term survival in lethal endotoxemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that inflammatory mediators can be removed from the circulation with hemofiltration and that adsorption plays an important role. Because adsorptive capacity of hollow-fiber dialyzers is limited, we sought to determine whether hemoadsorption using high surface area beads would result in greater mediator removal and improved survival in experimental sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled laboratory experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted two ex vivo and two in vivo experiments. For in vivo experiments, we administered Escherichia coli endotoxin (20 mg/kg) by intravenous infusion and then randomized each animal to receive either hemoadsorption or a sham circuit for 4 hrs. Hemoadsorption was performed for 4 hrs using an arterial-venous circuit and a CytoSorb cartridge containing 10 g of polystyrene divinyl benzene copolymer beads with a biocompatible polyvinylpyrrolidone coating. Survival time was measured to a maximum of 12 hrs. In a separate set of experiments, we studied 12 animals using the same protocol except that we killed all animals at 4 hrs and removed standardized sections of liver for analysis of nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean survival time among hemoadsorption-treated animals was 629+/-114 vs. 518+/-120 mins for sham-treated animals (p <.01). Overall survival (defined at 12 hrs) was also significantly better in the hemoadsorption group, seven of 20 vs. one of 20 (p <.05). Plasma interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 concentrations and liver nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding were significantly reduced by hemoadsorption. Ex vivo experiments showed no endotoxin adsorption but strengthened our in vivo observations by showing rapid adsorption of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemoadsorption was associated with reduced inflammation and improved survival in this murine model of septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Mechanisms and Novel Therapies for Resuscitation and Acute Illness (MANTRA) Laboratory, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Kellumja@ccm.upmc.edu
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kellum
authors.forename: Mingchen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venkataraman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000628:therapy; D006440:Hemofiltration; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10