title: Utilization of cognitive support in episodic free recall as a function of apolipoprotein E and vitamin B12 or folate among adults aged 75 years and older.
abstract: Apolipoprotein E (APOE), vitamin B12, and folate were examined in relation to free recall among 167 community-based older adults. Cognitive support at encoding and retrieval was also taken into account. Participants were classified as APOE e4 or non-epsilon4 allele carriers and as either low or normal vitamin B12 or folate status. A significant association was identified between low vitamin B12 and the epsilon4 genotype in respect to free recall, but only in circumstances of low cognitive support. This result remained after removing dementia cases that occurred up to 6 years after testing. A similar, but nonsignificant, trend was evident in relation to folate. The research is discussed with reference to vulnerability models and genetic influences on brain reserves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths College, University of London, London, United Kingdom. d.bunce@gold.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bunce
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivipelto
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wahlin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12