title: Comparison of rapid and gradual weaning from external ventricular drainage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to compare rapid and gradual weaning from external ventricular drainage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a prospective, randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2001 and December 2002, 81 patients with aneurysmal SAH in whom external ventricular drains (EVDs) had been placed were enrolled in the study: 41 patients were randomized to the rapidly weaned group and 40 were randomized to the gradually weaned group. The two groups were well matched with respect to age, sex, posterior aneurysm location, Fisher grade, Hunt and Hess grade, intraventricular hemorrhage on admission, and hydrocephalus on admission. Rapid weaning was defined as weaning that occurred within 24 hours with immediate closure of the EVD, whereas gradual weaning took place over a 96-hour period with daily, sequential height elevations of the EVD system followed by drain closure for 24 hours. All patients in whom EVD weaning failed underwent shunt placement. Rates of shunt implantation, days in the intensive care unit (ICU), and overall duration of hospitalization were compared. There was no significant difference in rates of shunt implantation between the rapidly weaned (63.4%) and gradually weaned (62.5%) groups. Nevertheless, patients in the gradually weaned group spent a mean of 2.8 more days in the ICU (p = 0.0002) and 2.4 more days in the hospital (p = 0.0314) than patients in the rapidly weaned group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with rapid weaning, gradual, multistep EVD weaning provided no advantage to patients with aneurysmal SAH in preventing the need for long-term shunt placement and prolonged ICU and hospital stays.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Trauma, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013-4496, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klopfenstein
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Feiz-Erfan
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hott
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goslar
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zabramski
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spetzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000379:methods; D020878:Device Removal; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome