title: Provider perceptions of pharmacy management: lessons from the military health system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to contrast experiences and opinion of providers in military treatment facilities, where a single formulary is used, with those of community providers where multiple formularies and preferred lists are commonly encountered.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted cross-sectional surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at military and community practices that serve military beneficiaries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied randomly selected clinicians, stratified by military treatment facility (MTF) size or number of military beneficiaries served. The final samples included 566 eligible MTF and 557 private clinicians, with 69% and 38% response rates, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We wanted to determine experiences with and opinions of formularies and/or preferred lists and related policies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three percent of military providers were very familiar with formulary content and 60% with nonformulary request procedures; 67% thought their formulary was up-to-date and 84% felt Pharmacy & Therapeutics (P&T) committees were responsive to providers. In contrast, 23% of community providers felt very familiar with (multiple) formulary content and 10% with nonformulary request procedures. Only 15% perceived that formularies were current and 34% thought P&T committees were responsive to providers. Statistically significant differences remained after analysis of potential bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Community providers were less aware and less satisfied with pharmacy benefits management policies than military providers, likely as a result of their daily interactions with multiple, unrelated pharmacy management systems. Addressing the problems expressed by community providers is imperative for pharmacy benefits managers.
authors.affiliation: VA HSR&D Center of Excellence for the Study of Healthcare Provider Behavior, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-West Los Angeles, and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA. Peter.Glassman@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Glassman
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanielian
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Sid W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015982:Bias; D003284:Contract Services; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005569:Formularies as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration; D010605:Pharmacy Administration / Q000592:standards*; D010606:Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee / Q000592:standards; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States