title: No improvement in weight-for-age of young children in southern Senegal, 1969-1992, despite a drastic reduction in mortality. Evidence from a growth monitoring programme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Undernutrition is associated with an increased risk of death among young children in developing countries. Infant and child nutritional status and mortality were monitored in a rural area of Casamance, Senegal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of weight measurements taken at 3-24 months of age during routine growth monitoring in the community's private dispensary 1969-1992 (3912 children, 4642 child-years) and of mortality rates of children estimated from maternal recall for 1960-1985 and yearly census 1985-1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1960-1964 and 1990-1994, under-5 and child (1-4 years) mortality rates decreased from 312 to 127 and from 201 to 68 per 1000, respectively. About 90% of resident children attended growth monitoring in 1985-1992. Mean weight-for-age was at a minimum at 15 months of age (-1.60 z-scores [SD: 0.95]); the prevalence of underweight was 33.2% (95% CI: 31.5, 34.9). The latter increased significantly over time, both when comparing all years of follow-up (P for trend <0.01) and over three pre-defined time periods (28.6, 34.6, and 35.0% in 1969-1974, 1975-1984, and 1985-1992, respectively, P for trend <0.05). Mean weight-for-age decreased over time in infancy and in the second year of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No improvement in nutritional status was found among young children 1969-1992 despite a drastic decrease in mortality. Focused public health interventions such as vaccinations and malaria prevention probably did not enhance weight-for-age. Paradoxically, growth monitoring may have been more helpful in improving health than growth.
authors.affiliation: UR024, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911, avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier 5, France.
authors.forename: Sybil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinchinat
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enel
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pison
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duthé
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lagarde
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simondon
authors.forename: Kirsten B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Simondon
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D003906:Developing Countries; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology