title: Functional health illiteracy. Ethical concerns.
abstract: Functional health illiteracy is a silent disability demanding the attention of healthcare professionals because it affects millions of people in the United States. Patients are reluctant to disclose this problem because they fear discrimination and stigmatization. Inadequate health literacy raises ethical questions because it is a barrier to healthcare and results in poor health outcomes. The purposes of this article are to provide an overview of functional health illiteracy, identify related ethical concerns, and discuss selected, relevant nursing implications. Nurses are in a unique position to serve as advocates, mediators, and translators for their patients who are functionally health illiterate.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Chronic Disorders, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Erlen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003657:Decision Making; D004522:Educational Status; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D006801:Humans; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D014481:United States