title: The direct brow lift: efficacy, complications, and patient satisfaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The direct brow lift operation can be used to treat brow ptosis arising from either involutional changes or facial nerve palsy. The authors reviewed their experience with this operation to establish its efficacy and complication rate in the light of concerns over poor scar cosmesis and forehead paraesthesiae in the postoperative period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients undergoing direct brow lifting from 1989 to 2002 was conducted, and information gained on patient satisfaction by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The direct brow lift operation was found to give a predictable outcome, with high levels of patient satisfaction. With careful wound closure, postoperative scars are rarely cosmetically unacceptable to the patient. Paraesthesiae are a common but well tolerated sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct brow lift was found to be a reliable method for treating brow ptosis arising through involutional change or facial nerve palsy in both men and women. The postoperative scars may be more evident in younger patients so the authors reserve this technique for "rehabilitative" rather than cosmetic brow lifts in patients of middle age and beyond.
authors.affiliation: Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, Wilts, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tyers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004954:Esthetics; D005138:Eyebrows; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome