title: Brain inflammation enhances 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-evoked neurotoxicity in rats.
abstract: Experimental Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease in humans include a CNS inflammatory component that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. CNS inflammation produces a loss in cytochrome P450 metabolism and may impair the brain's protection against neurotoxins. We have examined if preexisting inflammation in the brain could increase the toxicity of the dopaminergic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 25 microg) or saline (control) was injected into the left lateral cerebral ventricle. A single injection of MPP(+) into the median forebrain bundle followed 48 h later and produced a reduction in striatal dopamine content that was dose- and time-dependent. Two-days after 5 microg of MPP(+) was administered, a 90% decrease in striatal dopamine content was observed in saline- and LPS-pretreated rats. However, 4 and 7 days after 5 microg MPP(+) treatment, striatal dopamine recovered up to 70-80% of control values in saline-pretreated rats but remained depressed (80-90%) in rats treated with LPS. These results suggested that CNS inflammation might create an increased risk factor for drug-induced CNS toxicity or chemically mediated Parkinson's disease. The prolonged toxicity of MPP(+) may be due to a decrease in brain cytochrome P450 metabolism that occurs during inflammation. As a second objective for the study, we examined if the CNS lesion produced by MPP(+) altered cytochrome P450 metabolic activity in the liver, kidney, and lung. We have demonstrated a novel mechanism whereby the brain pathology produced by MPP(+) treatment contributes to a reduction in cytochrome P450 metabolism in the kidney but not the liver or lung. Therefore, a chemically evoked CNS disorder with a chronic inflammatory component might have major effects on the renal metabolism of drugs or endogenous substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 1X5.
authors.forename: Kerry B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Goralski
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Renton
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium