title: Stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the preliminary results of stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of patients with juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, consecutive case series of 28 patients with choroidal melanoma located within 2 mm of the optic nerve who were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy at Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, between October 1998 and May 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age was 62 years. Median tumor height was 4.6 mm and median maximum tumor diameter was 9.4 mm. The prescribed radiation dose was 70 Gy in five fractions over 10 days and median follow-up was 18.5 months. Posttreatment, 2 patients developed local tumor regrowth and 3 patients developed liver metastases. Actuarial rates of local tumor control, metastases, and survival at 18 months were 96%, 10%, and 94%, respectively. Actuarial rates of radiation-induced neovascular glaucoma, cataract, retinopathy, and optic neuropathy at 18 months were 20%, 29%, 30%, and 37%, respectively. A higher radiation dose to the lens was associated with an increased risk of cataract (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic radiotherapy offers a noninvasive alternative to enucleation and brachytherapy in the management of juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma. However, further efforts are needed to optimize local tumor control and minimize radiation-induced complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emara
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weisbrod
authors.forename: Arjun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahgal
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaywant
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Michaels
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pintilie
authors.forename: Normand J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Laperriere
authors.forename: E Rand
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014792:Visual Acuity