title: Nitrate reductase activity of needles of Norway spruce fumigated with different mixtures of ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide.
abstract: Four-year-old spruce clones (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) cultivated in sand and provided with a complete nutrient solution, or a solution deficient in magnesium and calcium, were exposed to the pollutant mixtures SO(2)/NO(2), O(3)/NO(2), and O(3)/SO(2)/NO(2), at realistic concentrations for 32 weeks. Fumigation caused a slight increase of total N contents in current year needles, whereas in one-year-old needles N concentrations did not change. The response of nitrate reductase activity to pollutant stress depended on needle age and nutrient supply, respectively. In one-year-old needles fumigation resulted in a significant inhibition of enzyme activity, particularly in Mg and Ca deficient trees. The combination of all three components proved to be most effective in causing a decrease by 60% compared to the control. In contrast, nitrate reductase activity was stimulated in current year needles, especially by O(3)/NO(2) and O(3)/SO(2)/NO(2). Changes in the activity of nitrate and nitrite reductases are considered as a factor contributing to the high phytotoxic potential of pollutant combinations with NO(2).
authors.affiliation: Institut für Angewandte Botanik, Universität Essen, Universitätsstr. 5 D4300 Essen, FRG.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klumpp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Küppers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guderian