title: Colon cancer controls versus population controls in case-control studies of occupational risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since updated population registers do not exist in many countries it is often difficult to sample valid population controls from the study base to a case-control study. Use of patient controls is an alternative option if the exposure experience under study for these patients are interchangeable with the experience for population controls. Patient controls may even be preferable from population controls under certain conditions. In this study we examine if colon cancer patients can serve as surrogates for proper population controls in case-control studies of occupational risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted from 1995 to 1997. Incident colon cancer controls (N = 428) aged 35-69 years with a histological verified diagnosis and population controls (N = 583) were selected. Altogether 254 (59%) of the colon cancer controls and 320 (55%) of the population controls were interviewed about occupational, medical and life style conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical significant difference for educational level, medical history or smoking status was seen between the two control groups. There was evidence of a higher alcohol intake, less frequent work as a farmer and less exposure to pesticides among colon cancer controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of colon cancer controls may provide valid exposure estimates in studies of many occupational risk factors for cancer, but not for studies on exposure related to farming.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Maritime Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark. L.Kaerlev@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaerlev
authors.forename: Elsebeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lynge
authors.forename: Svend
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabroe
authors.forename: Jorn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors