title: Effect of intraabdominal pressure elevation and positioning on hemodynamic responses during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a prospective controlled clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum (PP) increases mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) but decreases stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). This study evaluated the hemodynamic effects of elevated intraabdominal pressure (IAP) occurring during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients undergoing LDN were investigated and hemodynamic parameters, P(v)CO2) (carbon dioxide partial pressure), and VCO2 (carbon dioxide production) were monitored during the procedure. Before and after PP, IAP was raised from 12 to 20 mmHg and the hemodynamic effects were measured every 30 s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During IAP of 12 mmHg and stable serum CO2, there was no change in SV compared to preinsufflation levels. When IAP was elevated from 12 to 20 mmHg, SV initially decreased (p < 05), followed by an increase in MAP and SVR (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that with the fluid and ventilation protocol used, PP has no significant effect on SV at an IAP of 12 mmHg, whereas increasing IAP to 20 mmHg does. In this study, the hemodynamic effects induced by CO2 PP of 12 mmHg are not due to changes in serum CO2. Compression of the venous system during a PP of 20 mmHg reduces preload, with an subsequent increase in SVR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands. i.mertenszurborg@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: I R A M
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Mertens zur Borg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: S J C
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Verbrugge
authors.forename: J N M
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: IJzermans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D034841:Abdominal Cavity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001810:Blood Volume; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D011312:Pressure; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide