title: Coptidis Rhizoma: protective effects against peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage and elucidation of its active components.
abstract: We have investigated the protective effects of Coptidis Rhizoma against peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-induced oxidative damage and have elucidated the active components of this preparation. In an in-vitro system, Coptidis Rhizoma extract scavenged ONOO(-) and its precursors, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). This scavenging activity was more marked for ONOO(-) than its precursors. In addition, against 3-morpholinosydnonimine-induced cellular damage, this extract significantly reduced cellular ONOO(-) formation and increased cell viability. In an in-vivo lipopolysaccharide plus ischaemia-reperfusion system that generated ONOO(-), the administration of Coptidis Rhizoma extract at 50 and 100 mg kg(-1)/day for 30 days exerted greater inhibition of ONOO(-) than NO and O(2)(-). This suggested that it acted as a direct scavenger of ONOO(-) rather than as a scavenger of its precursors. Moreover, the suppression of the activities of the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was significantly attenuated by the administration of Coptidis Rhizoma extract. Furthermore, the extract ameliorated renal dysfunction judged by decreasing serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. To elucidate the active components of Coptidis Rhizoma extract, we evaluated and compared the effects of the phenol plus alkaloid and alkaloid fractions on ONOO-induced damage. We found that the alkaloid fraction consisting of berberine, palmatine and coptisine was the most effective at protecting against ONOO(-). We confirmed that berberine (10 and 20 mg kg(-1)/day for 10 days), the main and most active alkaloid in Coptidis Rhizoma extract, was also protective, exerting NO-, O(2)(-)- and ONOO(-)-scavenging activities. This study suggested that Coptidis Rhizoma could protect against ONOO(-)-induced oxidative damage and that this effect was mainly attributable to the constituent alkaloids, especially berberine. This study is the first to demonstrate an antioxidative effect of alkaloids, including berberine, against ONOO(-)-induced damage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. yokozawa@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwada
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeshiro
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000089042:Coptis chinensis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013481:Superoxides; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C107393:Coptidis rhizoma extract