title: Random outcomes of allergen-specific responses in atopic families.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergens are common non-infectious antigens to which people will mount T cell dependent humoral responses. Among genetically susceptible individuals, an antigen-specific response results involving the production of allergen-specific IgE (atopy).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine if this susceptibility is manifested as an inherited, allergen-specific trait or a random response to allergens among susceptible people.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated allergen-specific outcomes in 1099 members of families with positive atopic history (26 multi-generation and 112 nuclear families). Each was tested for sensitivity to 14 common allergens by standardized skin prick test (SPT), a marker of specific IgE production. Over 15,000 individual SPT's were evaluated. Among five randomly selected multi-generation families (N=163), semi-quantitative determinations of Amb a 1-specific IgA1,2 and IgG1-4 were determined in three groups: (A) Amb a SPT(+)/Amb a 1-IgE(+), (B) Amb a SPT(-)/Amb a 1-IgE(+), (C) Amb a SPT(-)/Amb a 1-IgE(-).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By rank correlation statistics, there were no discernible 'patterns' of specific SPT outcomes among any of the multi-generation families, suggesting that environmental exposure rather than allergen-specific inheritance determined the responses. This was confirmed among the nuclear families since the conditional SPT outcomes among children were independent of the SPT responses of their parents. Among five randomly selected multi-generation families, the relative proportionate concentrations of the Amb a 1-specific IgA and IgG subclasses were comparable, regardless of atopic sensitization to the ragweed allergen Amb a.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the general propensity for atopy may be inherited, an individual's specific atopic outcome is a random variable independent of familial sensitization patterns.
authors.affiliation: The Asthma and Allergy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. jacko001@umn.edu
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jackola
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liebeler
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012882:Skin Tests; D013269:Stochastic Processes
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000939:Epitopes; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007073:Immunoglobulin E