title: Utility of image guided surgery in the diagnosis of pterygopalatine fossa lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the utility of image guided surgery in the diagnosis of pterygopalatine fossa lesions and to discuss the varied pathologic diagnoses from this area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases of pterygopalatine fossa lesions were accessed and biopsied by way of a middle meatus antrostomy approach into the pterygopalatine fossa under image guidance for rapid localization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnoses of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and schwannoma were obtained with minimal morbidity with image guidance. More extensive external approaches were avoided, and appropriate treatment was started without delay. The utility of the image guided approach will be discussed along with the varied pathologies encountered in the pterygopalatine fossa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1). One must recognize the diverse, yet related, symptoms of patients presenting with pterygopalatine fossa lesions. Early recognition as well as skull-base imaging is crucial. 2). Biopsy, in addition to imaging, is necessary for diagnosis and may be achieved with little morbidity and increased accuracy using the image guided surgery middle meatus antrostomy approach to the pterygopalatine fossa. 3). The origin of lesions that involve the pterygopalatine fossa may be difficult to identify. Involvement of the pterygopalatine fossa by malignancy may be by contiguous spread, by way of metastasis, or by perineural invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aronsohn
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*