title: Temperature requirements for altering the morphology of osteoarthritic and nonarthritic articular cartilage: in vitro thermal alteration of articular cartilage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency and laser thermal chondroplasty procedures are performed to debride and smooth fibrillated, articular cartilage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Temperature requirements necessary to achieve morphological change will be lower in fibrillated arthritic cartilage as compared with nonarthritic articular cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thermal cell-culture chamber was mounted on a stereoscopic microscope and coordinated with a custom temperature-control program. Nonarthritic and osteoarthritic articular cartilage specimens were sectioned into full-thickness slices. The articular sections were exposed to temperatures incrementally from 37 masculine C to 75 masculine C. Real-time, digital capture microscopy was used to visualize and analyze the morphological changes undergone by the articular cartilage specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arthritic articular cartilage displayed morphological change at 56.5 +/- 1.7 masculine C. Loss of fibrillation was the initial morphological change visualized. Continued thermal exposure caused a shrinkage effect of the entire tissue section that was similar to the change seen in nonarthritic sections. Nonarthritic cartilage displayed morphological change at 60.9 +/- 1.9 masculine C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent characteristic morphological changes were found at distinct temperatures in osteoarthritic and nonarthritic articular cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This information begins to establish the thermal parameters required for morphological change of osteoarthritic articular cartilage.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Lee D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ionescu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ernsthausen
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Freddie H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Farkas
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery