title: Stages of change for salt intake and urinary salt excretion: baseline results from the High-Risk and Population Strategy for Occupational Health Promotion (HIPOP-OHP) study.
abstract: We investigate the relationship of urinary salt excretion to the stage of change to decrease salt intake in the Japanese diet. The data reported here were obtained from a baseline survey of the High-Risk and Population Strategy for Occupational Health Promotion (HIPOP-OHP) study that was conducted as a non-randomized control trial at 12 worksites in Japan. A total of 6,816 subjects (5,410 male, 1,406 female) were used in 1999 and 2000 for the analysis. We used three categories of stage of change: precontemplation or contemplation (P/C), preparation (P), and action or maintenance (A/M). Urinary salt excretion was estimated from the sodium and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples. Multivariate analysis indicated that urinary salt excretion among males was 0.3 g/day greater in the P/C stage than in the A/M stage (p < 0.05). For non-obese females, urinary salt excretion in the P/C stage was 0.6 g/day greater than in the A/M stage (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that diastolic blood pressure in males not taking antihypertensive agents was 1.3 mmHg lower in the P/C stage than in the A/M stage (p < 0.05). A similar but statistically insignificant tendency was observed among non-obese females. A significant association was demonstrated between stage of change for dietary salt intake and urinary salt excretion for both males and non-obese females. There may be a potential application of the stage of change model for reducing dietary salt intake in a health promotion program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan. jtamaki@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshita
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Nagako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kasagi
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Minai
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016272:Occupational Health; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000652:urine*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003404:Creatinine