title: Analysis of promoter region of X-linked pgk-1 gene polymorphisms: evidence for polyclonality of adult mouse gastric glands.
abstract: The clonality of gastric glands remains a controversial topic. Chimeric mouse studies suggested that all gastric glands were monoclonal. However, using the X-linked transgenic mouse model, we have suggested that most glands are polyclonal during development and that the fraction of monoclonal glands increases after birth. Nevertheless, a fraction of glands is perpetually polyclonal even in the adult murine stomach. To examine the existence of gastric polyclonal glands in the adult mouse, we studied an X-linked intrinsic polymorphic gene, pgk-1, in 6 week-old female mice heterozygous for the X-linked pgk-1a and pgk-1b. The sequence containing the seventh HpaII site in the promoter region of the gene and the polymorphic sites was utilized. Twenty-four of 225 fundic glands (10.7%) and 3 of 167 pyloric glands (1.8%) were clonally heterotypic. Only 0.6% of colonic crypts were heterotypic. Clonally heterotypic glands with inactive X-specific methylation were present in the adult murine stomach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. snomura-gi@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminishi
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000166:cytology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006579:Heterozygote; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase