title: Contrast-enhanced US of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the capabilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the characterization of hepatocarcinoma (HCC) in terms of accuracy as compared to spiral CT and diagnostic gain as compared to conventional and Doppler US.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with viral hepatopathy or cirrhosis diagnosed with HCC (6 histologically and 37 cytologically proven) were retrospectively studied. Between January 2002 and May 2003, all patients were evaluated with CEUS after detection of at least one suspicious nodule on US. CEUS features of HCCs were retrospectively compared with those on conventional and Doppler US, and spiral CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCCs varied between 1.2 cm and 18 cm in diameter; 14/43 were small' (< or = 2 cm). In 18/43 patients, HCC was multifocal. Doppler US revealed 24/43 hypervascular nodules. On CEUS, 37/43 (86%) showed contrast enhancement in the arterial phase, 13/37 (35%) with negative colour and power Doppler US examination; in 6/37 (16%) contrast enhancement in the arterial phase was not visible on spiral CT. On CEUS, 6/43 hypovascular HCCs were characterized as malignant in the sinusoidal phase. On CEUS, the sinusoidal phase revealed additional nodules not visible on baseline US in 3/18 multifocal HCCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEUS diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic liver is possible with a combination of the arterial phase, which shows tumoral hypervascularity in the microcirculation, and the sinusoidal phase, which allows to confirm the malignancy of the nodule.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Radiologia, Ospedale Universitario G. B. Rossi, Verona. mk.don@libero.it
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rozzanigo
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caffarri
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zogno
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Procacci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media