title: Development of a rabbit model of tear film instability and evaluation of viscosity of artificial tear preparations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to establish a quantitative method for evaluating rabbit tear film status and investigate the efficacy of artificial tear preparations through ocular surface bathing or eye drop application.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rabbit tear film was evaluated using a noninvasive specular reflection video recording system. The appearance of a tear break area (TBA) on the tear film images (7.4 mm2/mm) after 30 seconds of eye opening was quantified by image analysis. To induce disruption of the rabbit tear film, the ocular surface was challenged for 60 minutes with 1 ppm hypochloric acid (HOCl). Immediately after irrigation, artificial tear preparations composed of viscosity agents sodium hyaluronate (SH), hydroxypropylmethycellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), or chondroitin sulfate (CS) were applied to the rabbit eye through ocular surface bathing or eye drop application, and the recovery of the disrupted tear film was compared for each preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dramatic increase in TBA was observed immediately after the ocular surface was challenged with HOCl, and it returned to the initial level after 6 hours. Immediately after ocular surface bathing and eye drop application, a dramatic recovery of TBA was observed in all the test solution-treated eyes. One hour after treatments, prolonged amelioration of the tear film instability was observed after ocular surface bathing, but not by eye drop application, with the artificial tear preparations composed of HPMC or SH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular surface bathing with artificial tear preparations composed of a suitable viscosity agents could be useful in managing tear film instability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan. shigeru@mxa.nkansai.ne.jp
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011817:Rabbits; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D002482:Cellulose; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; C002283:hydroxyethylcellulose; D008747:Methylcellulose; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates