title: The bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. bioaccumulates oxytetracycline, flumequine and oxolinic acid in the freshwater environment.
abstract: In recent years, the fate of pharmacological substances in the aquatic environment have been more and more studied. Oxolinic acid (OA), flumequine (FLU) and oxytetracycline (OTC) are commonly used antibacterial agents. A large amount of these drugs is released into water directly by dissolved fraction and indirectly in urine and feces. Monitoring these compounds in the freshwater environment is difficult because of the lack of suitable indicators. The aim of this work was to evaluate the OA, FLU and OTC bioaccumulation abilities of Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw., known for heavy metal bioaccumulation. The experiment described was decomposed for two times: a 10-days accumulation period during which bryophytes were in contact with antibiotics and a 15-days post-exposure period during which bryophytes were in water with no antibiotic. This experiment showed that this bryophyte strongly accumulates OA, FLU and OTC in freshwater. Bioaccumulation factors (ratio of concentrations in bryophyte and water) ranged between 75 and 450. Moreover, OA, FLU and OTC persisted in the bryophyte for a long time with clearance between 0.19 and 3.04 ng/g/day. Mean residence times ranged between 18 and 59 days. Accumulation and decontamination mechanism models were proposed.
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, UMR INRA/ENVN Chimiothérapie Aquacole et Environnement, B.P. 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France. rdelepee@vet-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delépée
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pouliquen
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Le Bris
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D044002:Bryophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007700:Kinetics; D010093:Oxolinic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011807:Quinolizines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010093:Oxolinic Acid; C012976:flumequine; D010118:Oxytetracycline