title: An assessment of the safety of copper heptonate for parenteral therapy in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate any adverse effects of an intramuscular injection (i.m.) of copper heptonate (CuHep) in sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Merino wethers about 9 months old were retained in pens and given 1 or 2 mg Cu/kg body weight as CuHep or no Cu treatment. Sheep were weighed and samples of blood for haematology, Cu and enzyme assay and tissues for Cu and Fe assay were collected before and at intervals over 21 days after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CuHep was removed from the injection site within 7 days of treatment and most of it was retained in the liver. Wethers had adequate liver Cu reserves before treatment and the higher dosage of CuHep raised liver Cu to values associated with Cu toxicity. No clinical signs of Cu toxicity were evident. Transient increases in plasma activity of the liver enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase suggested mild liver necrosis due to CuHep, but there was no histopathological evidence of liver necrosis 7 days after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I.m. injection of Cu as CuHep appears to be readily transferred to the liver. No significant necrosis is caused at the injection site.
authors.affiliation: South Australian Research & Development Institute, Livestock Systems, 33 Flemington Street, Glenside, South Australia 5065. Judson@adam.com.au
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Babidge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000172:deficiency*; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006537:Heptanoates / Q000737:chemistry; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006537:Heptanoates; D003300:Copper