title: Cyanidin and Malvidin from Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo mediate cytotoxicity against human monocytic leukemia cells by arrest of G(2)/M phase and induction of apoptosis.
abstract: Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo (Gramineae), anthocyanin-pigmented rice, having dark purple grains, is known broadly as enriched rice with an improved taste. Two bioactive compounds were isolated from the 0.5% HCl-ethyl alcohol soluble fraction of the aleurone layer of O. sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo through an activity-monitored fractionation and isolation method. From spectral analysis, the cytotoxic components were the anthocyanidins cyanidin (1) and malvidin (2) The 50% growth inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of cyanidin and malvidin on U937, human monocytic leukemia cells, were 60 and 40 microg/mL, respectively. These compounds showed cytotoxicity through the arrest of the G(2)/M phase of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Ha Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C065861:malvidin; C017154:cyanidin