title: Identification of stathmin as a novel marker of cell proliferation in the recovery phase of acute ischemic renal failure.
abstract: Ischemic renal injury can be classified into the initiation and extension phase followed by the recovery phase. The recovery phase is characterized by increased dedifferentiated and mitotic cells in the damaged tubules. Suppression subtractive hybridization was performed by using RNA from normal and ischemic kidneys to identify the genes involved in the physiological response to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The expression of stathmin mRNA increased by fourfold at 24 h of reperfusion. The stathmin mRNA did not increase in sodium-depleted animals or in animals with active, persistent injury secondary to cis-platinum. Immunofluorescent labeling demonstrated that the expression of stathmin increased dramatically at 48 h of reperfusion. Labeling with antibodies to stathmin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) indicates that the expression of stathmin was induced before the upregulation of PCNA and that all PCNA-positive cells expressed stathmin. Double immunofluorescent labeling demonstrated the colocalization of stathmin with vimentin, a marker of dedifferentiated cells. Stathmin expression was also significantly enhanced in acute tubular necrosis in humans. On the basis of its induction profile in IRI, the data indicating its enhanced expression in proliferating cells and regenerating organs, we propose that stathmin is a marker of dedifferentiated, mitotically active epithelial cells that may contribute to tubular regeneration and could prove useful in distinguishing the injury phase from recovery phase in IRI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. Zahek0@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zahedi
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tehrani
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrovic
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabb
authors.forename: Manoocher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002455:Cell Division; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008868:Microtubule Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012079:Renal Circulation; D050777:Stathmin
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008868:Microtubule Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D050777:Stathmin