title: Ambulation with combined spinal-epidural labor analgesia: the technique.
abstract: The combined spinal-epidural labor analgesia technique (CSEA) has attained wide spread popularity in obstetric anesthesia worldwide. The onset of analgesia is rapid and reliable, and maternal satisfaction is high. While there still remains some concern about dural puncture, the CSEA technique offers many advantages to the parturient. For ambulatory labor analgesia the CSEA technique offers the possibility of combining rapid onset of subarachnoid analgesia with the flexibility of continuous epidural analgesia. This approach with the application of low-dose local anesthetic and/or opioid can provide a very selective sensory block with minimal motor blockade, allowing parturients to ambulate. This article will attempt to assess the validity of some strongly held opinions of whether CSEA offers any advantages for ambulatory labor analgesia as well as highlight some selected technical aspects and controversies of the CSEA specifically applicable to ambulatory labor analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. kkuczkowski@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kuczkowski
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*