Lessons of organ-induced tolerance learned from historical clinical experience.
Although the reductionist approach has served science well for 400 years, the accumulation of details can obscure the truth if the original premise is incorrect. One such premise has been that successful organ transplantation and bone marrow engraftment are fundamentally different outcomes involving separate and distinct mechanisms. Some historical clinical observations pointed to a different conclusion almost from the beginning and included clues about how to induce tolerance with the aid of immunosuppression.
Starzl
Thomas E
TE
Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mangantl@msx.upmc.edu
Murase
Noriko
N
Demetris
Anthony J
AJ
Trucco
Massimo
M
Abu-Elmagd
Kareem
K
Gray
Edward A
EA
Eghtesad
Bijan
B
Shapiro
Ron
R
Marcos
Amadeo
A
Fung
John J
JJ
D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D014180:Transplantation / Q000266:history*; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*