title: Tissue distribution of clenbuterol in the horse.
abstract: Plasma and tissue concentrations of clenbuterol (CLB) were determined following oral (p.o.) administration of 1.6 microg/kg twice daily (b.i.d.) for 2 weeks. Horses were administered the last dose on morning of day 15, killed at 0.25, 24, 48, and 72 h post-administration. At 0.25 h, the highest tissue concentrations of CLB were found in the liver (16.21 ng/g), lung (6.48 ng/g), left ventricle (4.99 ng/g), kidney (3.35 ng/g), bronchi (2.56 ng/g), right ventricle (2.08 ng/g), and eye fluids (1.09 ng/g) all of which were higher than that of plasma (1.10 ng/mL). The elimination half-lives (t(1/2k)) for CLB in tissues ranged from 21.2 to 56.3 h, the longest were in the eye fluids (56.9 h), spleen (21.2 h), cerebrum (27.1 h), cerebellum (21.5) and cecum (23.7 h). The t(1/2k) for plasma was 10.9 h. Tissue/plasma ratios of liver (14.7), lung (5.9), left ventricle (4.6), kidney (3.1), bronchi, (2.3) and right ventricle (1.9) were high at 0.25 h and remained elevated up to 72 h. Accumulation and sustained high concentration of CLB relative to plasma in these tissues contributed to the prolonged elimination and the ability to quantify CLB in plasma and urine for a prolonged period.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center Campus, West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA. soma@mail.vet.upenn.edu
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Uboh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teleis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Runbo
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Birks
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Habecker
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D002976:Clenbuterol