title: An investigation of sugar extraction methods and the use of microwave power for date syrup processing: efficiency and color related considerations.
abstract: This study investigates the effect of extraction methods on the color of date syrup and the potential use of microwave power for syrup processing. Sugar solutions were extracted from dates by boiling, soaking and blending. Color and sugar content of the extracted solutions were measured, and the percentage of sugar extracted form the total fruit sugar determined. Boiling was found to be the most efficient method of extraction whereby 74% of total samples sugar was extracted. In contrast, only 54.2% of fruit sugar was extracted by blending and 42% by soaking. In addition, solutions extracted by soaking and blending had a foaming problem in the subsequent concentration process. The extraction method had no effect on the product final color. The extracted solution was concentrated using two heating methods: conventional and microwave heating at a 600 W capacity and a frequency of 2450 MHz applied at three power levels: 10, 7, and 6. In the heating process, 180 minutes were needed to achieve a 77% degrees Brix using convective heating, while it took 81, 138, and 166 minutes of microwave heating at power level 10, 7, and 6, respectively to achieve the same concentration. Water activity of the syrup was measured within a sugar content range of 50 to 80% degrees Brix and the sugar concentration at which the product is shelf stable was determined at 76%.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Fateh University, Tripoli, Libia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fennir
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.forename: V G S
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Raghavan
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D005504:Food Analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D011786:Quality Control; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water