title: Analgesia for patients with advanced disease: 2.
abstract: The first article in this series explored epidemiology and patterns of pain in advanced disease, non-pharmacological treatments, and the use of opioids to manage pain. This second article examines the use of non-opioid drugs and anaesthetic interventions for pain relief in advanced disease. It also discusses an approach to managing analgesia in dying patients and finally looks at future developments.
authors.affiliation: St Christopher's Hospice, London, UK. emmahall@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sykes
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate