title: The effect of infrastructure and demographic change on traffic-related fatalities and crashes: a case study of Illinois county-level data.
abstract: This paper presents analyses of data from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) for the State of Illinois. Our analyses focuses on whether various changes in road network infrastructure and geometric design can be associated with changes in road fatalities and reported accidents. We also evaluate models that control for demographic changes. County-level time-series data is used and fixed effect negative binomial models are estimated. Results cannot confirm the hypothesis that changes in road infrastructure and geometric design have been beneficial for safety. Increases in the number of lanes appears to be associated with both increased traffic-related accidents and fatalities. Increased lane widths appears to be associated with increased fatalities. Increases in outside shoulder width appear to be associated with a decrease in accidents. Inclusion of demographic results does not significantly change these results but does capture much of the residual time trend in the models. Potentially mis-leading results are found when the time trend is not included. In this case a negative association between vertical curvature and both accidents and fatalities. No statistical association with changes in safety is found for median widths, inside shoulder widths, and horizontal and vertical curvature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Transport Studies, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BU, UK. r.noland@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Noland
authors.forename: Lyoong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004779:Environment Design; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D007256:Information Systems; D016014:Linear Models; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011157:Population Dynamics