title: Stimulation of STN impairs aspects of cognitive control in PD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in Parkinson disease (PD) patients affects working memory and response inhibition performance, particularly under conditions of high demand on cognitive control.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this hypothesis, spatial working memory (spatial delayed response [SDR]) and response inhibition (Go-No-Go [GNG]) tasks requiring varying levels of cognitive control were administered to patients with PD with previously implanted bilateral STN stimulators (n = 24). Patients did not take PD medications overnight. Data were collected while bilateral stimulators were on and off, counterbalancing the order across subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the SDR task, STN stimulation decreased patients' working memory performance under a high but not low memory load condition (effect of stimulator condition on high load only and condition x load interaction, p < 0.05). On the GNG task, STN stimulation reduced discriminability on a high but not medium inhibition condition (effect of stimulator condition on high inhibition level only, p = 0.05; condition x inhibition level interaction, p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  STN stimulation reduces working memory and response inhibition performance under conditions of greater challenge to cognitive control despite significant improvement of motor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. tammy@npg.wustl.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hershey
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Revilla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wernle
authors.forename: P Schneider
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Perlmutter
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003463:Cues; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011930:Reaction Time; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology