title: Evidence for the involvement of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the disruption of endothelial cell-branching morphogenesis and angiogenesis by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.
abstract: Vigorous inflammatory responses are associated with tissue damage, particularly when toxic levels of inflammatory cytokines are produced. Despite proangiogenic factors being present early at sites of inflammation, vascular repair occurs toward the end of the inflammatory response, suggesting modulation of the proangiogenic response. Endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis induced during acute inflammation are poorly characterized. Here, we looked for endothelial cell-derived modulators of angiogenesis that may account for delayed neovascularization during inflammation. Gene profiling of endothelial cells showed that the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) selectively promote expression of the antiangiogenic molecules, IFN-inducible protein-10, monokine induced by IFN-gamma, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, and tissue inhibitor of metalmetalloproteinase-1, and inhibit expression of the proangiogenic molecules, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), collagen type IV, endothelial cell growth factor-1, and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1. Reduced endothelial cell expression of SDF-1 protein by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma disrupts extracellular matrix-dependent endothelial cell tube formation, an in vitro morphogenic process that recapitulates critical steps in angiogenesis. Replacement of SDF-1 onto the endothelial cell surface reconstitutes this morphogenic process. In vivo, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma inhibit growth factor-induced angiogenesis and SDF-1 expression in endothelial cells. These results demonstrate that SDF-1/CXC chemokine receptor-4 constitutes a TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-regulated signaling system that plays a critical role in mediating angiogenesis inhibition by these inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 12N226, MSC 1907, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Ombretta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Salvucci
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basik
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tosato
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma