title: Isoflurane and sevoflurane precondition against neutrophil-induced contractile dysfunction in isolated rat hearts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with isoflurane or sevoflurane can protect the heart against neutrophil-induced contractile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were conducted in buffer-perfused and paced isolated rat hearts. Left ventricular developed pressure served as an index of contractility. Pretreatment consisted of administration of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane or sevoflurane for 15 min followed by a 10-min washout and was performed in the absence and presence of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor glibenclamide (10 microM). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelet-activating factor were then added to the perfusate for 10 min, followed by 30 min of recovery. Neutrophil retention was assessed from the difference between those administered and collected in coronary effluent and measurements of myeloperoxidase in myocardial samples. Isolated hearts were also used to assess the effect of volatile anesthetic pretreatment on cardiac dysfunction caused by enzymatically generated superoxide. In additional studies, the authors evaluated the effect of volatile anesthetic pretreatment on the adherence of neutrophils to isolated rat aortic segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platelet-activating factor-stimulated neutrophils caused marked and persistent reductions (> 50%) in left ventricular developed pressure. Pretreatment with either isoflurane or sevoflurane abolished these effects, as well as the associated increases in neutrophil retention. Glibenclamide did not alter these actions of the anesthetics. Pretreatment with either volatile anesthetic attenuated the reductions in left ventricular developed pressure caused by exogenous superoxide and abolished the increases in neutrophil adherence in the aortic segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflurane and sevoflurane preconditioned the heart against neutrophil-induced contractile dysfunction. This action was associated with an inhibition to neutrophil adherence and likely involved an increased resistance of the myocardium to oxidant-induced injury; the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels played no apparent role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago 60657-5193, USA.
authors.forename: Guochang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: M Ramez
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Crystal
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D020110:Pinacidil / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel; D013481:Superoxides; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D020110:Pinacidil; D007530:Isoflurane; D009195:Peroxidase; D005905:Glyburide