title: Menstrual characteristics and pregnancy in women after renal transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate menstrual characteristics and pregnancy complications after renal transplantation in women of childbearing age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-year retrospective case-control study was carried out in Esfahan Teaching Hospitals, Esfahan, Iran. The case group consisted of 50 female kidney transplant recipients of childbearing age and the control group of 100 women who were matched for age (+/-2 years) and parity with the study group. Menstrual characteristics and pregnancy data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by chi(2) and t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Menstrual characteristics were improved in the 50 women who had renal transplantation, 18 of them conceived, and 20 pregnancies were evaluated. The mean interval between transplantation and pregnancy was 35.5 months and the birth weight of 44% of the newborns was less than 2500 g. Pregnancy complications included hypertension (65%), premature labor (35%) and decreased GFR (15%) during pregnancy, with a mean gestational age at delivery of 34.8 weeks. The women who conceived during the first 2 years after renal transplantation had more maternal and neonatal complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy is possible and can be successful and safe after renal transplantation in recipients with normal kidney function. However, maternal and neonatal complications are common and occur more often in patients who conceive within 2 years of transplantation. Post-transplantation pregnancies are high risk and they should be managed in a tertiary center.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Trust, Sheffield, UK. pezeshkim@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pezeshki
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Taherian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gharavy
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ledger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors