title: Diagnostic value of physical tests for isolated chronic acromioclavicular lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic acromioclavicular joint lesions are a common source of pain and disability in the shoulder. The goal of this study was to evaluate diagnostic values of physical tests for isolated, chronic acromioclavicular joint lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 2002, 35 patients underwent a distal clavicle excision for isolated acromioclavicular joint lesions. The results of 3 commonly used examinations for acromioclavicular joint lesions were calculated for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cross body adduction stress test showed the greatest sensitivity (77%), followed by the acromioclavicular resisted extension test (72%) and active compression test (41%). The active compression test had the greatest specificity (95%). All tests had a negative predictive value of greater than 94%, but the positive predictive value was less than 30% for all tests. The active compression test had the highest overall accuracy (92%), followed by the acromioclavicular resisted extension test (84%) and the cross arm adduction stress test (79%). Combinations of the tests increased the diagnostic values for chronic acromioclavicular joint lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These tests have utility in evaluating patients with acromioclavicular joint pathologic lesions, and a combination of these physical tests is more helpful than isolated tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chronopoulos
authors.forename: Tae Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ashenbrenner
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000173:Acromioclavicular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*