title: Impact of 5 years of maximally successful highly active antiretroviral therapy on CD4 cell count and HIV-1 DNA level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact on CD4 cell count and HIV-1 DNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the setting of maximal success, i.e., constant plasma HIV-1 RNA load suppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of patients selected for a constantly undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA load since HAART initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1 DNA was measured in PBMC using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Loess estimates and regression analysis were used for modelling the variations of the CD4 cell count and HIV DNA level over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 41 patients chronically infected with HIV-1 who had been taking HAART for a median duration of 60.4 months and had an undetectable plasma HIV RNA load ever since the first 6 months of HAART; 25 were tested for HIV-1 DNA. The mean CD4 cell count increase was high during the first 18 months on therapy (168 x 10 cells/l per year), much lower afterwards (38 x 10 cells/l per year), independently of the baseline CD4 cell count. Most of the patients (73.2%) reached a CD4 cell count constantly > or = 400 x 10/l during follow-up. HIV-1 DNA showed a mean decrease of 0.48 log10 copies/10 PBMC during the first year, of 0.18 log10 copies/10 PBMC per year during the 2nd and 3rd years, but no significant decrease afterwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results question the benefit of very long-term maintenance of HAART in terms of CD4 gain and HIV-1 DNA reduction.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Immunologie Clinique, Université René-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Viard
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burgard
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aaron
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rabian
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pertuiset
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rothschild
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rouzioux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors