title: Cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with hemodynamic instability at induction of capnoperitoneum: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study hypothesized that patients in whom bradycardia and hypotension develop with induction of positive-pressure capnoperitoneum have an underlying autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted to examine the baseline autonomic function of patients in whom bradycardia and hypotension develop with induction of positive-pressure capnoperitoneum. The control group consisted of patients who maintained normal cardiac rhythm and blood pressure during the same procedure. Two groups of tests were performed: bedside stress tests of cardiovascular autonomic function (response graded 1 (normal) to 4 (severely abnormal) and heart rate variability analysis (spectral and time domain components).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study evaluated 6 patients in the bradycardia group and 10 in the control group. The group in whom bradycardia had developed scored significantly worse on the bedside stress tests than the control group (for grades I to IV: chi2 = 6.5, p = 0.022; for trend: chi2 = 5.6, p = 0.018). In contrast, both groups had similar baseline autonomic tone, as measured by heart rate variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients in whom bradycardia and hypotension develop with induction of positive-pressure capnoperitoneum have cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, which is identifiable by bedside stress tests of autonomic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, DD1 9SY, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alijani
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Band
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Struthers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuschieri
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018737:Hand Strength; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007327:Insufflation; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011187:Posture; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012119:Respiration; D012306:Risk; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006024:Glycopyrrolate