title: Comparison of mercury levels in various tissues of albino and pigmented mice treated with two different brands of mercury skin-lightening creams.
abstract: The use of mercury containing skin-lightening creams are becoming increasingly popular among dark-skinned women. The long-term use of certain brands may cause serious health effects over the years. In the present study, we investigated the dermal absorption of mercury and its accumulation in the tissues of albino and pigmented mice treated with two brands of mercury containing skin-lightening creams for a period of one months at different intervals. The mean +/- SD of mercury in the selected brands were: (1) Fair & Lovely (0.304 +/- 0.316 microg/g); and (2) Rose (77513.0 +/- 71063.0 microg/g). Mercury levels were measured in a total of 133 and 144 liver, kidney and brain tissue samples of albino and pigmented mice respectively by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer coupled to Vapour Generator Accessory. In both strains, we found that the mercury concentration in the tissues of mice treated with Rose skin-lightening cream samples was significantly higher than those treated with Fair & Lovely skin lightening cream. Looking at the mercury concentration in the tissue samples with respect to the application of skin lightening creams at different intervals, the highest mercury concentrations were found in the tissues of albino and pigmented mice treated three times a day. On the other hand, the lowest mercury concentrations were found in the tissues of mice treated once a week. Despite the brand of skin-lightening cream that was applied, the study indicated that mercury was readily absorbed through the skin of both albino and pigmented mice as evidenced with its accumulation in the brain, kidney and liver tissues where the kidney had the highest mercury content and brain had the lowest (it P < 0.0001). Significant differences in the mercury levels were observed between the albino and pigmented mice. This emphasizes the protective role of melanin against mercury toxicity. Results of this study stresses the potential harm of these mercury containing skin-lightening creams regardless of their mercury contents especially for women who apply these creams frequently or for extended periods. Permanent nephrological or/and neurological deficits may occur if the damage is severe and diagnosis and treatment are delayed.
authors.affiliation: Biological & Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. iman@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
authors.forename: Neptune
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinwari
authors.forename: Inaam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: El-Doush
authors.forename: Grisellhi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Billedo
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Amodi
authors.forename: Fathia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khogali
mesh_terms: D000417:Albinism / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000187:drug effects*; D008628:Mercury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D008628:Mercury