title: Association study of the I/D polymorphism and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as risk factors for stent restenosis.
abstract: The ID (insertion/deletion) polymorphism of the ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) gene controls plasma ACE levels. Both have been correlated with ISR (in-stent restenosis) in preliminary analyses, but not confirmed in larger studies. In the present study, baseline and 6-month quantitative coronary analysis were performed in 897 patients who had stent implantation and the ID polymorphism genotyped. Plasma ACE levels were measured in 848 patients (95%). Restenosis rates among genotypes were 31.2% DD, 25.5% ID and 28.8% II (not significant). Plasma ACE levels were significantly higher in restenotic patients compared with patients without restenosis (30.7+/-18.6 units/l compared with 22.8+/-12.8 units/l; P=0.0001) and a strong independent predictor of ISR [OR (odds ratio)=3.70; 95% CI (confidence interval), 2.40-5.71; P<0.0001], except in diabetics. In the subgroup of diabetics and patients with AMI (acute myocardial infarction), the DD genotypes actually had a lower risk of ISR than the II genotypes (diabetics, OR=0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.69; P=0.014; and patients with AMI, OR=0.21; 95% CI, 0.061-0.749; P=0.016). After exclusion of diabetics and patients with AMI, ISR rates for genotypes in 632 patients were 31.7% DD, 24.3% ID and 17.6% II (P=0.02; DD compared with non-DD OR=1.57; 95% CI, 1.09-2.25). The association between the D allele and ISR observed in selected populations does not hold with a larger sample size. Other than sample size, clinical variables can modulate the association between ID polymorphism and ISR. Plasma ACE level is a risk factor for ISR, independently of the ID genotype.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Universita' del Piemonte Orientale, Ospedale Maggiore della Carita', Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ribichini
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matullo
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feola
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vado
authors.forename: Terenzio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Camilla
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guarrera
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carturan
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vassanelli
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uslenghi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piazza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D018401:Sample Size; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A