title: Built-in LED contact lens electrode for S-cone electroretinographic recordings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the cone electroretinograms (ERGs) elicited by chromatic stimuli obtained from a newly-developed contact lens electrode with built-in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting different colors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cone ERGs were recorded from normal subjects with a contact lens electrode with built-in blue (430 nm), red (644 nm), and white LEDs. These LEDs have a wide range of luminance intensities (3 log units), and can be used as either the background illumination or the stimulus in any combination. The stimulus duration was fixed at 1 ms. For comparison, cone ERGs were recorded with Ganzfeld color flash stimuli using Wratten color filters on a bright white background.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a bright background illumination provided by the white LED (2.0 log cd/m2), the blue LED stimulus elicited an ERG with two positive peaks similar to that recorded with conventional Ganzfeld blue flashes. The peak time of the early b-wave was 24 to 28 ms, and that of the later one was 43 to 48 ms, and these values were identical to the L,M-cone and S-cone b-wave, respectively, elicited by Ganzfeld flashes. The ERGs elicited by the red LED lacked the second peak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the S-cone and L,M-cone ERGs can be recorded simultaneously under the same background with this contact lens electrode. This relatively simple technique can be used to examine the human S-cone system in a routine clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan.
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuruoka
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D003261:Contact Lenses; D004566:Electrodes; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*