title: Why older people do not participate in leisure time physical activity: a survey of activity levels, beliefs and deterrents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regular physical activity has been shown to have many health benefits. However, many older people are physically inactive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate why older people are reluctant to participate in leisure time physical activity and to identify strategies to encourage increased activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 general practices in Dundee, Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  409 randomly selected older people (65-84 years) who lived independently were interviewed at home. Forty-six percent of those invited to take part were recruited into the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of knowledge about the specific health benefits of physical activity were high. Almost all participants (95%) believed that physical activity was beneficial and 79% believed that they did enough to keep healthy. However, 36% did no leisure time physical activity and a further 17% did less than 2 hours per week. Regression modelling identified 11 factors that exerted significant independent effects on levels of leisure time physical activity. The most powerful deterrent was lack of interest (OR = 7.8). Other factors included lack of daily access to a car, shortness of breath, joint pain, dislike of going out alone or in the evening, perceived lack of fitness, lack of energy, doubting that exercise can lengthen life, not belonging to a group and doubting that meeting new people is beneficial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing leisure time physical activities poses major challenges. Beliefs about desirable levels of activity in older people would need to be changed. Action would be needed to relieve physical symptoms and address fears about perceived ability to undertake physical activity. Finally, easily accessible facilities would be needed to encourage participation in physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Section of Public Health, Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Kirsty Semple Way, Dundee DD2 4BF, UK. i.k.crombie@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: Iain K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Crombie
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: McGinnis
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Slane
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Alder
authors.forename: Marion E T
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McMurdo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D012606:Scotland