title: Pluronic microemulsions as nanoreservoirs for extraction of bupivacaine from normal saline.
abstract: We hypothesized that custom-designed microemulsions would effectively scavenge compounds from bulk media. Pluronic-based oil-in-water microemulsions were synthesized that efficiently reduced the free concentration of the local anesthetic bupivacaine in 0.9% NaCl. Both the molecular nature and concentration of the constituents in the microemulsions significantly affected extraction efficiencies. Pluronic F127-based microemulsions extracted bupivacaine more efficiently than microemulsions synthesized using other Pluronic surfactants (L44, L62, L64, F77, F87, F88, P104). Extraction was markedly increased by addition of fatty acid sodium salts due to greater oil/water interface area, increased columbic interaction between bupivacaine and fatty acids sodium salt, and greater surface activity. These data suggest that oil-in-water microemulsions may be an effective agent to treat cardiotoxicity caused by bupivacaine or other lipophilic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610 USA.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varshney
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.forename: Dinesh O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: Brij M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Moudgil
authors.forename: Christoph N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Seubert
authors.forename: Donn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002210:Caprylates / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009821:Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D020442:Poloxamer; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C031492:octanoic acid; D002045:Bupivacaine