Structure and function of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases.
DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification found in eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to mammals. Over the past 15 years, a number of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases have been identified from various model organisms. These enzymes exhibit distinct biochemical properties and biological functions, partly due to their structural differences. The highly variable N-terminal extensions of these enzymes harbor various evolutionarily conserved domains and motifs, some of which have been shown to be involved in functional specializations. DNA methylation has divergent functions in different organisms, consistent with the notion that it is a dynamically evolving mechanism that can be adapted to fulfill various functions. Genetic studies using model organisms have provided evidence suggesting the progressive integration of DNA methylation into eukaryotic developmental programs during evolution.
Chen
Taiping
T
Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
Li
En
E
D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000090205:DNA Methyltransferase 3A; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C000717967:DNMT3A protein, human; C491786:Dnmt2 protein, mouse; C108706:Masc1 protein, Ascobolus immersus; C112218:TRDMT1 protein, human; C112810:chromomethylase