title: Large-scale disruption of microtubule pathways in morphologically normal human spastin muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the molecular pathways disrupted by dominant spastin mutations in apparently unaffected skeletal muscle from patients with motor neuron disease (SPG4).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied muscle of three individuals from two unrelated families affected by spastic paraplegia caused by spastin mutations. The authors compared RNA expression profiles to 7 normal and 13 pathologic muscle U95A profiles (Duchenne dystrophy, acute quadriplegic myopathy, and spinal muscular atrophy). Data were validated with U133A arrays with seven different control specimens. mRNA and protein confirmations were done for a subset of genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both nonsense and missense mutations in the spastin gene disrupted microtubule pathways in nonpathologic tissue, including microtubule dynamics, stability, exocytosis, and endocytosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal muscle can be used to uncover biochemical perturbation in motor neuron disease. Altered microtubule metabolism in SPG4-linked hereditary spastic paraplegia patients leads to pathology of the long descending tracks of motor neurons that likely have a stringent need for efficient microtubular transport. As many inherited neurologic conditions show a systemic biochemical defect with disease limited to neurons, our data have broader implications for biochemical pathway studies of many neurologic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Giovanni
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pegoraro
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000235:genetics; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008868:Microtubule Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015419:Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074181:Spastin
chemical_list: D008868:Microtubule Proteins; D012313:RNA; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000074181:Spastin; C400283:SPAST protein, human