title: Automated cardiac output measurement by transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography.
abstract: Automated cardiac output measurement (ACOM), which integrates digital color Doppler velocities in space and in time, has been validated using transthoracic echocardiography but has not been tested using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Therefore, we determined the feasibility of the ACOM method by TEE in 36 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Regions of interest for ACOM were placed within a color sector across the main pulmonary artery (PA), the mitral annulus, and the left ventricular outflow tract. Cardiac output was determined from the PA flow, the mitral flow, and the left ventricular ejection flow at each view using the ACOM method. We compared measurements of cardiac output derived from the ACOM method with measurements simultaneously obtained by thermodilution (TD). In the mitral flow analysis, the values derived from ACOM correlated well with those from TD (R(2) = 0.85; mean difference = 0.01 +/- 0.58 L/min in the 2-chamber view; R(2) = 0.78; mean difference = -0.10 +/- 0.68 L/min in the 4-chamber view). In the PA flow analysis, the values derived from ACOM did not correlate with those from TD (R(2) = 0.30). In the left ventricular outflow tract analysis, it was very difficult to obtain the optimal view (44%) in which color Doppler flow signals adequately appeared. Using the ACOM method, we obtained good correlation and agreement for cardiac output measurements in the mitral flow analysis compared with TD. The ACOM method is a practical and rapid method to measure cardiac output by TEE analysis of mitral flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated cardiac output measurement by transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography is a practical and rapid method to measure cardiac output. This technique is a promising new approach to echocardiographic quantification in the intraoperative setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8705, Japan. akamatsu@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Etsuji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terazawa
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michino
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001331:Automation; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*