title: Rat mesangial alpha-endosulfine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulfonylurea agents exert their physiologic effects via binding to specific sulfonylurea receptors (SUR) in adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. Mesangial cells express K(ATP) and respond to sulfonylureas by altering glucose metabolism, elevating intracellular calcium and contracting. A putative endogenous sulfonylurea, alpha-endosulfine, has been demonstrated in diverse tissues and is a member of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated family of phosphoproteins. This study investigates mesangial cell expression of ENSA, the gene encoding alpha-endosulfine, and its regulation by glucose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of rat glomerular and mesangial ENSA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern analysis. In situ hybridization studies were carried out to investigate the presence and distribution of ENSA in kidney cortex. Expression of mesangial cell alpha-endosulfine was studied by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR with gene-specific primers and Northern blotting disclosed abundant expression of two major ENSA transcripts at 2.4 kb and 1.2 kb in whole rat kidney, kidney cortex, and mesangial cells. In situ hybridization of rat kidney demonstrated renal ENSA expression, particularly within glomeruli. Confocal microscopy revealed a diffusely granular, cytosolic distribution of alpha-endosulfine. High glucose concentrations increased ENSA expression by 24 hours, an effect that persisted for at least 10 days. Protein expression paralleled gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ENSA and alpha-endosulfine are expressed in rat glomeruli and mesangial cell and gene and protein expression are up-regulated by a high glucose environment. alpha-Endosulfine has potential roles as a regulator of metabolism and contractility via mesangial cell K(ATP).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. Jyee1@hfhs.org
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alviani
authors.forename: Jason I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szamosfalvi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; C075663:endosulfine; D004247:DNA; D005947:Glucose