title: Partial duplication of the MLL oncogene in patients with aggressive acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MLL translocations generate a fusion gene between the 5' end of MLL and the 3' end of different partner genes. Several chromosomal mechanisms including complex and cryptic changes lead to these recombinations. Our objective was to analyze the molecular composition of chromosomes in complex karyotypes with specific MLL translocations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in two acute leukemias (AL), one acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M5a, and one treatment-related-AL (t-AL), to investigate the nature of complex changes accompanying the respective t(9;11)(p22;q23)-MLL/AF9 and t(11;16)(q23;p13.3)-MLL/CBP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the case with the MLL/AF9 chimeric transcript, duplication of a der(1) originated from an additional unbalanced translocation between the der(9)t(9;11) and a chromosome 1. The 5'AF9/3'MLL chimeric gene was present on both der(1). In the second case, there was a t(11;16)(q23;p13.3) producing one der(11) and two der(16) which derived from both homologs. One der(16) was present in multiple copies all containing the 5'CBP/3'MLL fusion gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In both cases the 3' end of MLL was present in multiple copies. Mitotic recombination and non-disjunction may underlie the extra derivatives in both cases. In this genomic imbalance not only the 5'MLL but also the 3'end of MLL could play a critical role in the leukemic process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Physics & Environmental Hygiene, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sambani
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: La Starza
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roumier
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crescenzi
authors.forename: Chryssa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stavropoulou
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Katsarou
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karafoulidou
authors.forename: Jean Hugues
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dhalle
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Preudhomme
authors.forename: Massimo Fabrizio
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mecucci
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein