title: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis versus drug-sensitive tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: computed tomography features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the computed tomography (CT) features of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with those of patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis in a country not associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CT images of 47 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were compared with those of 47 patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis as a control group. Each multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patient was age (decade) and gender matched to a drug-sensitive tuberculosis patient. All patients were seronegative to HIV. This study evaluated the presence of centrilobular nodules, consolidation, emphysema, bronchiectasis, lung destruction, calcified granuloma, cavitation, pleural effusion, and lymphadenopathy. A statistical comparison was performed by using the Fisher exact test for univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression method for multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, bronchiectasis, lung destruction, a calcified granuloma, and cavitation were more frequently observed in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis than in drug-sensitive tuberculosis. Multivariate analysis showed that cavity formation was the only significant difference between multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and drug-sensitive tuberculosis. In patients with cavitary tuberculosis, multiple cavities (>3 cavities) were observed only in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis had cavity formation on CT. Although the presence of a cavity does not mean multidrug resistance, multiple cavities suggest the possibility of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goo
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seong Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tae Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Gi
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Im
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy