[Risk factors conditioning the incidence and severity of cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth and methods of prevention].
Cyclosporin A (CsA) induced gingival overgrowth is one of the major side-effects conditioning the quality of life of the patient under immunosuppressive therapy. This adverse effect has been first reported in 1983 and affects almost 30% of treated patients. Several papers have been published concerning the cellular/molecular mechanisms by which CsA may induce, at the same time, an immunosuppressive and proliferative action. In this review various factors concerning the patient and his milieu that account for the different prevalence of the severity of gingival overgrowth in clinical studies are analyzed and briefly discussed. In particular, age, sex, pharmacokinetic properties, pharmaceutical preparation, genetic predisposition, association with other drugs and the parodontal conditions before transplantation are considered. In addition, a unique approach to the patients with gingival overgrowth as well as effective methods of prevention and therapy are suggested.
Bartoli
F
F
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy. bartoli@units.it
Castronovo
G
G
Stabile
A
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005886:Gingival Hypertrophy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine