title: Cost-effectiveness of combination thromboembolism prophylaxis in gynecologic oncology surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cost-effectiveness of external pneumatic compression devices with and without the addition of low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in high-risk surgical patients with gynecologic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov decision analytic model was used to estimate the costs and outcomes associated with the prophylactic use of external pneumatic compression with and without low-molecular-weight heparin in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. We estimated cost per fatal pulmonary embolus prevented, cost per deep vein thrombus prevented, and cost per life-year saved. Probability estimates for various outcomes and efficacies were obtained from the literature, using data specific for gynecologic surgery patients when available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the base case scenario, cost-effectiveness estimates for combination prophylaxis varied from 10,091 dollars per life-year saved for a 35-year-old patient with IB cervix cancer patient to 50,181 dollars for a 65-year-old patient with stage IIIC ovarian cancer, costs within the 50,000-65,000 dollars per life-year saved threshold considered to be cost-effective. Combination prophylaxis appeared to be cost-effective in gynecologic oncology patients as long as the risk of perioperative thromboembolism using this method of prevention was less than or equal to 4%. Sensitivity analysis indicated that variation of the marginal cost of low-molecular-weight heparin and the marginal effectiveness to extremes did not change the conclusions of the statistical model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of combination therapy external pneumatic compression is estimated to be cost-effective for high-risk gynecologic oncology patients undergoing surgery. Clinical trials to determine the efficacy of perioperative combination therapy in gynecologic surgery are justified.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dainty
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Clarke-Pearson
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005676:Gravity Suits / Q000191:economics; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight