title: Symptoms of urinary and faecal incontinence among men and women 75+ in relations to health complaints and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported symptom of urinary, faecal, and double incontinence (UI, FI, and DI) in men and women 75+ and to identify how other health complaints and Quality of Life (QoL) relate to incontinence symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised sample, stratified for age, of eligible men and women from the population were included in the study and 4,277 out of 8,500 completed a postal questionnaire (61.6% women). The questions focused on difficulties in controlling urine and faeces, other health complaints, socio-economic background, and social relations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all respondents 39% reported symptom of UI (more so among women P < 0.001), symptom of FI in 16.9% (ns between sexes), DI, i.e., a combination of UI and FI, was reported among 14.5% (ns between sexes). Incontinence increased with age, and persons reporting incontinence also had significantly more of all other health complaints compared with persons without incontinence. Those reporting DI comprised an especially vulnerable group. Health complaints associated with UI were communicative and mobility problems, other urinary complaints, dizziness, cough, and fatigue. FI was associated with diarrhoea, stomach pain, fatigue, and other pain. Risk factors for DI were diarrhoea, communication, and mobility problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UI and FI were common among elderly men and women and increased with age. Furthermore, incontinence was associated with many other co-existing health complaints, and the most frail were those with DI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, PO Box 157, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. karin.stenzelius@omv.lu.se
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stenzelius
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattiasson
authors.forename: Ingalill Rahm
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westergren
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology