title: Costimulatory signals mediated by the ITAM motif cooperate with RANKL for bone homeostasis.
abstract: Costimulatory signals are required for activation of immune cells, but it is not known whether they contribute to other biological systems. The development and homeostasis of the skeletal system depend on the balance between bone formation and resorption. Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) regulates the differentiation of bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts, in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). But it remains unclear how RANKL activates the calcium signals that lead to induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, a key transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. Here we show that mice lacking immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-harbouring adaptors, Fc receptor common gamma subunit (FcRgamma) and DNAX-activating protein (DAP)12, exhibit severe osteopetrosis owing to impaired osteoclast differentiation. In osteoclast precursor cells, FcRgamma and DAP12 associate with multiple immunoreceptors and activate calcium signalling through phospholipase Cgamma. Thus, ITAM-dependent costimulatory signals activated by multiple immunoreceptors are essential for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. These results reveal that RANKL and M-CSF are not sufficient to activate the signals required for osteoclastogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Sunhwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matozaki
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Tadatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takai
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C450519:Oscar protein, mouse; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; C484963:Tyrobp protein, mouse; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor