title: Trends in heart failure outcomes and pharmacotherapy: 1992 to 2000.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review trends in drug therapy and concomitant outcomes of elderly heart failure patients in Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilization of drug therapies, mortality, and rehospitalization rates from April 1992 to March 2000 were determined in 77,421 elderly (aged >/=65 years), community-based heart failure patients using linked administrative databases. Treatment effects were identified from published meta-analyses and randomized trials. The effect of drug trends on mortality and morbidity were assessed based on their absolute treatment effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1992 to 2000, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use increased from 58% to 62% (P = 0.001) while beta-blocker use increased from 6% to 22% (P <0.001). There was a decrease in the use of treatments for which no survival advantage had been demonstrated in randomized trials, such as digitalis (49% to 35%, P <0.001), Vaughan-Williams class I antiarrhythmic agents (3.5% to 1.4%, P <0.001), and first-generation calcium antagonists (21.3% to 9.6%, P <0.001). The trends in drug therapy were associated with a 2.8% reduction in age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted 1-year mortality and a 4.1% reduction in 1-year hospitalization rates. The observed trends in therapy over time explained 37% of the decrease in mortality and 30% of the decrease in rehospitalization rates. The treatment effect from beta-blockers was most pronounced, explaining 30% of the decrease in mortality and 10% of the decrease in rehospitalization rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During 1992 to 2000, mortality and morbidity improved among elderly patients with heart failure, with increased utilization of beta-blockers contributing most to the beneficial trends in outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Muhammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mamdani
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Jack V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000639:trends; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000639:trends*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers