title: A multivariate statistical analysis of the composition of rainwater near Cubatão, SP, Brazil.
abstract: With the aim of estimating the chemical composition of bulk precipitation (wet + dry) in Cubatão, rainwater samples were collected at several localities in the Cubatão region from May 1984 to October 1985. The levels of some inorganic ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4(2-), NH4+, PO4(3-)) were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, turbidimetry and titration analysis. Correlation and Fisher discrimination indices, principal component and varimax loading and scores were determined in the multivariate statistical data treatment. The results showed that ionic concentrations in rainwater from Vila Parisi are significantly higher than those of Cubatão Centro, Santos and Serra do Mar. The ionic compositions of the Vila Parisi rainwater seem to be mainly determined by local anthropogenic activities (industrial pollution). Besides the influence of this factor on water quality, there is also a natural oceanic contribution involving Cl- and Na+ at the other locations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Scarminio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira