title: Electromagnetic function of polymicrogyric cortex in congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) is characterised by bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria and suprabulbar paresis. Mild tetraparesis, cognitive impairment, and epilepsy are frequently associated. Sensory deficits are surprisingly rare, even though polymicrogyria often extends to auditory and sensorimotor cortex.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the sensorimotor and auditory cortex function and location in CBPS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We mapped the sensory and motor cortex function onto brain magnetic resonance images in six CBPS patients and seven control subjects using sources of somatosensory and auditory evoked magnetic fields, and of rhythmic magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity phase-locked to surface electromyogram (EMG) during voluntary hand muscle contraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MEG-EMG coherence in CBPS patients varied from normal (if normal central sulcus anatomy) to absent, and could occur at abnormally low frequency. Coherent MEG activity was generated at the central sulcus or in the polymicrogyric frontoparietal cortex. Somatosensory and auditory evoked responses were preserved and also originated within the polymicrogyric cortex, but the locations of some source components could be grossly shifted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plastic changes of sensory and motor cortex location suggest disturbed cortex organisation in CBPS patients. Because the polymicrogyric cortex of CBPS patients may embed normal functions in unexpected locations, functional mapping should be considered before brain surgery.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland. ritva.paetau@hus.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paetau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saraneva
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valanne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ignatius
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salenius
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D010291:Paresis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D013577:Syndrome