title: Supernatant from stored red blood cell primes inflammatory cells: influence of prestorage white cell reduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The contribution of RBC transfusion to adverse patient outcomes is controversial. There is conflicting clinical data and limited biologic data that provide an underpinning biologic rationale for any adverse impacts from RBC transfusion. This study used in-vitro measures of PMN stimulation to determine the ability of supernatant from RBCs to stimulate allogeneic WBCs and to determine the influence of residual donor WBCs and storage time on the proinflammatory potential of RBCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three types of RBCs were assessed: standard non-WBC-reduced RBCs (S-RBCs), buffy coat-poor RBCs (BCP-RBCs), and prestorage WBC-filtered RBC (LF-RBCs). Supernatant was collected weekly up to Day 42 of storage. PMN priming by supernatant from RBCs was determined by three methods: induction of CD11b expression on PMNs, induction of IL-8 release from PMNs, and the chemotactic effect of supernatant on PMNs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supernatant from S-RBCs induced the expression of CD11b on PMNs, primed PMNs to release IL-8, and was chemotactic for PMNs. The magnitude of this PMN-priming progressively amplified with storage time. In contrast, supernatant from BCP-RBCs or LF-RBCs did not significantly prime PMNs. The PMN-priming effect of supernatant from RBCs correlated more closely with the level of MNCs in the RBCs than PMN content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supernatant from stored S-RBCs prime unstimulated allogeneic PMNs in vitro. Prestorage buffy-coat WBC reduction was as effective as WBC depletion in abrogating this proinflammatory response elicited by supernatants from RBCs. The clinical consequences, if any, of these findings for transfusion recipients are unknown.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. rsparrow@arcbs.redcross.org.au
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Patton
mesh_terms: D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016209:Interleukin-8