title: Bax to Bcl-2 ratio and Ki-67 index are useful predictors of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, locally advanced bladder cancer was treated by radiation combined with cisplatin therapy and a retrospective analysis was conducted to predict the clinical response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) based on the immunohistochemistry of apoptosis-related proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two patients (median age, 68 years; range, 45-89 years) with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (pT1G3-pT4M0) treated with CRT (median dose: 40.5 Gy of radiation and 230 mg of cisplatin) were studied. Mucosal biopsy was performed before and after CRT. Paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were examined with TUNEL and were immunostained for Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2 and Bax; the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and apoptosis index (AI) were calculated. Clinical features of the patients and response to CRT were compared with data obtained from examination of the tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 62 patients had a median follow-up period of 34 months (range, 3-84 months). Responses to CRT were as follows: CR, 34%; PR, 45%; NC, 21%. The survival rate of patients with Ki-67-positive tumors was significantly lower than those of patients with Ki-67-negative tumors (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between the expression of any protein, the AI and the clinical response. However, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio showed a significant association with the CR rate (P = 0.0289).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that the combined assessment of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression may be used to predict a clinical response to CRT based on the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio determined before therapy. The Ki-67 index may be a useful predictor of prognosis in patients treated by CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshihiro
authors.forename: Hideyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Katsusuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494826:BAX protein, human; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D002945:Cisplatin