Pharmacogenetics of human androgens and prostate cancer--an update.
Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in the US; it is the second leading cause of death from cancer among US men, and the seventh leading cause of death in the US. This review examines the recent biochemical and pharmacogenetic literature related to prostate cancer, specifically that which focused on constitutional ('germline') single nucleotide polymorphisms at 'functional candidate' genes for prostate cancer. The investigations summarized in this review demonstrate the need to study the molecular genetics at these loci to rationally develop personalized medicine. In addition, the identification of somatic pharmacogenetic alterations in one of these loci suggests that this may also be a fruitful field of investigations with important clinical applications. Pharmacogenomic investigations of constitutional and tumor DNA may lead to significant advances in chemoprevention, presymptomatic diagnosis and improved treatment of prostate cancer.
Novelli
Giuseppe
G
Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy. novelli@med.uniroma2.it
Margiotti
Katia
K
Chiocca
Anna Maria
AM
Spera
Enrico
E
Micali
Francesco
F
Reichardt
Juergen K V
JK
D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D000728:Androgens / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001141:Aromatase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D000728:Androgens; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D001141:Aromatase; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase