title: Trace element status in plasma and erythrocytes in hyperemesis gravidarum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine trace element status in plasma and erythrocytes hyperemetic women at presentation and after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were carried out on 32 women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Thirteen non-vomiting, healthy, pregnant women served as controls. Copper, zinc and magnesium concentrations in both plasma and erythrocytes were estimated before and after treatment. Independent sample t test, paired sample t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi2 test, Kruskall-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Spearman's correlation study were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in erythrocyte zinc, copper and magnesium concentration. Plasma zinc levels were significantly higher (P = .006), while plasma copper levels were significantly lower (P = .001) in the study group as compared to the controls, but plasma magnesium levels were not significantly altered. Treatment brought a significant decrease in plasma zinc levels (P = .001), increase in plasma copper concentration (P = .001) but no change in erythrocyte zinc, copper or magnesium concentration. When trace element levels were grouped according to the degree of ketonuria, no significant differences were found in the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperemetic women had normal tissue zinc, copper and magnesium concentrations, and rehydration normalized the plasma zinc and copper levels. Otherwise, no significant effects on trace elements were noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fulya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dökmeci
authors.forename: Yaprak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Engin-Ustün
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ustün
authors.forename: Güzin Ozelçi
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Kavas
authors.forename: Pelin Aribal
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kocatürk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000097:blood*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D003300:Copper; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc