title: Sequence variants of toll-like receptor 4 are associated with prostate cancer risk: results from the CAncer Prostate in Sweden Study.
abstract: Inflammation has been implicated as an etiological factor in several human cancers. Growing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may also play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer. Considering that genetic susceptibility is a major risk factor for this disease, we hypothesize that sequence variants in genes that regulate inflammation may modify individual susceptibility to prostate cancer. The lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a central player in the signaling pathways of the innate immune response to infection by Gram-negative bacteria and is an important candidate inflammatory gene. We performed a systematic genetic analysis of TLR4 sequence variants by evaluating eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms that span the entire gene among 1383 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients and 780 age- and residence-matched controls in Sweden. We found an association between a sequence variant (11381G/C) in the 3'-untranslated region of the TLR4 gene and prostate cancer risk. The frequency of the variant genotypes (CG or CC) was significantly higher in the patients (24.1%) than in the controls (19.7%; P = 0.02). The frequency of risk genotypes among patients diagnosed before the age of 65 years was even higher (26.3%). Compared with men who had the wild-type genotype of this single-nucleotide polymorphism (GG), those with GC or CC genotypes had a 26% increased risk for prostate cancer (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.57) and 39% increased risk increased risk for early onset prostate cancer (before age 65 years; odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.91). The risk attributable to this variant for prostate cancer in Sweden was estimated to be 4.9%. Although the biological mechanism of the observed association remains to be elucidated, our finding supports a role for a bacteria-associated response pathway, possibly acting via inflammation, in the development of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: S Lilly
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Augustsson-Bälter
authors.forename: Baoli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedelin
authors.forename: Liwu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hans-Olov
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bensen
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johnasson
authors.forename: Aubrey R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Tamara S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grönberg
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors