title: Correlates of recovery among older adults after major abdominal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little research has examined the recovery patterns of older adults who have had major abdominal surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pain, depression, and fatigue are significant factors in the return of older adults who had major abdominal surgery to functional status and self-perception of recovery in the first 3 months after discharge from the hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A correlational predictive study involved adults 60 years of age or older who had undergone major abdominal surgery. Data were collected during hospitalization (n = 192), then 3 to 5 days (n = 141), 1 month (n = 132), and 3 months after discharge to home (n = 126) using the Brief Pain Inventory, the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, the Modified Fatigue Symptom Checklist, the Enforced Social Dependency Scale, and the Self-Perception of Recovery Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis indicated that pain, depression, and fatigue are significantly related to patients' self-perception of recovery and functional status. Pain, depression, and fatigue explain 13.4% of the variation in functional status at 3 to 5 days, 30.8% at 1 month, and 29.1% at 3 months after discharge. These three factors also explain 5.6% of the variation in self-perception of recovery during hospitalization, 12.3% at 3 to 5 days, 33.2% at 1 month, and 16.1% at 3 months after discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain, depression, and fatigue are important factors to consider in the provision of care to abdominal surgery patients with a relatively uncomplicated postoperative course. Specific interventions to reduce pain, depression, and fatigue need to be evaluated for their impact on the postoperative recovery of older adults.
authors.affiliation: University of Scranton, Department of Nursing, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510-4549, USA. margarete.zalon@scranton.edu
authors.forename: Margarete Lieb
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zalon
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015399:Nursing Research; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000145:classification*; D011184:Postoperative Period