title: Long-term results of vitrectomy for removal of submacular hard exudates in patients with diabetic maculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate long-term results of vitrectomy for the removal of submacular hard exudates in patients with diabetic maculopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen eyes of 10 patients with diabetic maculopathy underwent vitrectomy to remove submacular hard exudates from December 1993 to March 1999. The mean preoperative logMAR visual acuity +/- SD was 1.54 +/- 0.43. Preoperatively, the exudates ranged from 0.5 to 3 disk diameters (average, 1.25 disk diameters). Exudates were removed using subretinal forceps through a minimal paramacular retinotomy after vitrectomy. In all cases, 20% SF6 gas tamponade was added. The mean postoperative observation period was 43.2 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual acuity was improved in 7 eyes (54%) 1 year after surgery; however, visual acuity over longer periods was improved in only 5 eyes (38%) as compared with the preoperative findings. The mean final visual acuity +/- SD was 1.62 +/- 0.59, which did not show statistically significant improvement over that in the control group. Although submacular hard exudates and macular edema disappeared during the postoperative period, atrophic or degenerative changes occurred in many cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual improvement could not be obtained for a long period after removing submacular hard exudates in most of the patients, suggesting that diabetic maculopathy should be treated before massive exudate deposits appear in the macula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaya
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakuraba
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride