title: Modification of soft drinks with xanthan gum to minimise erosion: a study in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the erosive effect of a new blackcurrant/calcium drink with xanthan gum, on enamel in situ, with a low erosive product, a conventional fruit beverage and water.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was single centre, randomised, single blind, 4 treatment crossover design.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study, conducted in 2000, employed volunteers working at the Bristol Dental Hospital, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 subjects (>or=18 years) wore two enamel samples in a removable acrylic appliance. The drinks tested were (A) New blackcurrant/calcium/gum drink (test product), (B) Original blackcurrant/calcium drink, (C) Conventional blackcurrant drink (positive control) and (D) Water (negative control), for 15 day study periods. Drinking was supervised, with 250 ml imbibed four times/day between 9.00am-5.00pm. Profile measurements of specimens were made at baseline, 5, 10 and 15 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired t-tests compared erosion by surfometry with selected pairs of formulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 16 screened subjects (3 male, 13 female), mean age 34.2 years, 1 subject failed to complete the study. A caused significantly less enamel loss than C, with no statistically significant differences from B at any time points measured. Of 43 treatment emergent adverse events, none were considered related to the study formulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A retained low erosive properties similar to B, with additional benefits of taste flexibility and beverage stability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Bristol BS1 2LY. N.X.West@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moohan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De'Ath
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D031965:Ribes; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014867:Water; D002118:Calcium; C002563:xanthan gum