title: Climatological variations in daily hospital admissions for acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the association between climatologic parameters and daily admissions for non-fatal acute coronary syndromes (ACS) to emergency units of hospitals in the greater Athens area, from January 2001 to August 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, wind speed, barometric pressure and a thermo-hydrological index (T.H.I.) were measured at the meteorological station of the Laboratory of Climatology of the Geology Department of the University of Athens. In addition, the daily number of admissions for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina in the five major general hospitals in the greater Athens area was recorded. Generalized additive models (GAM) were applied to regress-time-series of daily numbers of outpatients with acute cardiac events against climatological variations, after controlling for possible confounders and adjustment for over dispersion and serial correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five thousand four hundred fifty-eight Athenians with non-fatal acute cardiac events were admitted to the selected hospitals during the period of the study, 4093 (75%) males and 1365 (25%) females. There was a negative correlation between hospital admissions and mean daily temperature (MDT) with a 1 degrees C decrease in mean air temperature yielding a 5% increase in hospital admissions (P<0.05). This association was stronger in females and the elderly (P<0.01). Relative humidity was positively correlated with hospital admissions (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the relatively short study period (<2 years), these findings suggest a significant association between cold weather and increased coronary heart disease incidence, especially in the elderly and females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 48-50 Chiou st, Glyfada, 165-61 Athens, Greece. d.b.panagiotakos@usa.net
authors.forename: Demosthenes B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chrysohoou
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitsavos
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nastos
authors.forename: Aggelos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anadiotis
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tentolouris
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toutouzas
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paliatsos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002980:Climate; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors