title: A randomized controlled comparison of upper-extremity rehabilitation strategies in acute stroke: A pilot study of immediate and long-term outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of 2 upper-extremity rehabilitation approaches for stroke compared with standard care in participants stratified by stroke severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonblinded, randomized controlled trial (baseline, postintervention, 9mo) design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient rehabilitation hospital and outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four patients with recent stroke admitted for inpatient rehabilitation were randomized within severity strata (Orpington Prognostic Scale) into 1 of 3 intervention groups. Forty-four patients completed the 9-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard care (SC), functional task practice (FT), and strength training (ST). The FT and ST groups received 20 additional hours of upper-extremity therapy beyond standard care distributed over a 4- to 6-week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance measures of impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment), strength (isometric torque), and function (Functional Test of the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity [FTHUE]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with SC participants, those in the FT and ST groups had significantly greater increases in Fugl-Meyer motor scores (P=.04) and isometric torque (P=.02) posttreatment. Treatment benefit was primarily in the less severe participants, where improvement in FT and ST group Fugl-Meyer motor scores more than doubled that of the SC group. Similar results were found for the FTHEU and isometric torque. During the long term, at 9 months, the less severe FT group continued to make gains in isometric muscle torque, significantly exceeding those of the ST group (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Task specificity and stroke severity are important factors for rehabilitation of arm use in acute stroke. Twenty hours of upper extremity-specific therapy over 4 to 6 weeks significantly affected functional outcomes. The immediate benefits of a functional task approach were similar to those of a resistance-strength approach, however, the former was more beneficial in the long-term.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, 1540 E Alcazar St, CHP 155, , Los Angeles, CA 90089-9006, USA. Winstein@usc.edu
authors.forename: Carolee J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Winstein
authors.forename: Dorian K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Sylvia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewthwaite
authors.forename: Helena C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Stanley P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Azen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome