title: Footshock intensity and generalization in contextual and auditory-cued fear conditioning in the rat.
abstract: The relationship between US (footshock) intensity and the two conditioned freezing responses (to acoustic CS and to "context") was investigated in fear conditioning. Administered footshock intensity was 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90, and 1.20 mA to six different groups of 70-day-old male Albino Wistar rats. To measure contextual freezing, the animals were again placed inside the conditioning apparatus without acoustic CS and US presentation. To measure acoustic CS freezing, the animals were placed in a totally different apparatus and only the acoustic CS was presented. The 0.15 mA footshock intensity was not sufficient to condition the animals, in fact no freezing was exhibited as in the non-shocked control group. The 0.30 mA footshock intensity was sufficient only to condition the animals to the acoustic CS, whereas the 0.60 mA was sufficient to condition the animals both to acoustic CS and to context. Footshock intensities (0.90 and 1.20 mA) did not elicit any significant increase in conditioned freezing for either acoustic CS or context but at the highest one the generalization phenomenon appeared (freezing in the different context before presentation of acoustic CS). Acoustic CS freezing to all over-threshold intensities was longer than that to context. In conclusion, freezing responses to acoustic CS and context after increasing footshock intensities follow distinct patterns, and intermediate footshock intensities (0.60 and 0.90 mA) appear to be the most useful for eliciting conditioned freezing responses to acoustic CS and to context without inducing a generalized fear status contamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, I-50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.forename: Carlo Ambrogi
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lorenzini
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucherelli
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D003463:Cues; D004597:Electroshock / Q000379:methods; D004777:Environment; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar