title: Comparison of type 1 and type 2 cytokine production by mononuclear cells cultured with streptococcus mutans and selected other caries bacteria.
abstract: A feature of pulpal immune responses is the predominance of type 1 cytokine mRNA under shallow caries and a mixed (type 1/type 2) profile under deep caries. These results prompted an examination of the cytokine profiles induced by bacteria in shallow caries (Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus) and deep caries (Lactobacillus casei, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and Prevotella intermedia). All isolates induced interferon-gamma and interleukin-10, whereas interleukin-4 and interleukin-2 titers were low to undetectable. S. mutans was the most potent and persistent interferon-gamma inducer. Differences in interleukin-10 were apparent at low doses but were less dramatic, with L. casei the dominant producer. S. mutans induced substantially more interferon-gamma than interleukin-10 over all doses and time points, suggesting strong type 1 polarization. P. alactolyticus induced significantly more interleukin-10 than interferon-gamma at higher concentrations, suggesting polarization toward type 2. A similar amount of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 induced by L. casei, A. viscosus, and P. intermedia reflected a mixed profile. A better understanding of pulpal immune response to caries bacteria may enable us to develop an immune system-based pulp therapy in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry,Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA. chahn@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: Chin-Lo
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Al M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tew
mesh_terms: D016924:Actinomyces viscosus / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000276:immunology*; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D017861:Porphyromonas / Q000276:immunology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma