title: Effect of breathing pattern on the pressure-time product calculation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pressure-time product (PTP) is often used to compare conditions with different breathing patterns. Being the pressure-time product calculated with pressures changes over a minute, mechanical load and inspiration time per minute should be its main determinants. The aim of this study was to investigate if the method of PTP computation is affected by the breathing pattern when mechanical load and inspiratory time per minute are constant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respiratory mechanics and the PTP developed by the ventilator were calculated in 10 mechanically ventilated patients at three different respiratory rate/tidal volume combinations, provided that minute ventilation and inspiratory time per minute were constant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The static elastance did not change at different tidal volumes. Despite the constant elastic load over a minute, the elastic PTP showed an increment greater than 200% from the higher to the lower respiratory rate, responsible for approximately 80% of the whole PTP increment. On the contrary a 'corrected' elastic PTP (calculated using the square root of the elastic pressure-time area), the elastic double product of the respiratory system and the mean elastic pressure per minute, did not significantly change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in breathing pattern markedly affected the PTP independently by the mechanical load and the inspiratory time per minute. In these conditions it could not correctly estimate the metabolic cost of breathing. The use of a 'corrected' PTP, the mean inspiratory pressure per minute or the double product of the respiratory system, could overcome this limitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy. natalini-giuseppe@poliambulanza.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natalini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchesini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tessadrelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Candiani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernardini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007384:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D013997:Time Factors; D014939:Work of Breathing