title: Photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer by means of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX - in vivo experiments on the dunning rat tumor model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to expand the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of prostate carcinoma (PCA), the aim of this study was to evaluate PDT by means of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in an in vivo tumor model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model used was the Dunning R3327 tumor. First of all, the pharmacokinetics and the localization of PPIX were obtained using fluorescence measurement techniques. Thereafter, PDT using 150 mg 5-ALA/kg b.w. i.v. was performed by homogenous irradiation of the photosensitized tumor (diode laser lambda = 633 nm). The tumors were resected 2 days post-PDT and the extent of the necrosis was determined histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kinetics of PPIX fluorescence revealed a maximum intensity in the tumor tissue within 3 and 4.5 h post-application of 5-ALA. At this time, specific PPIX fluorescence could be localized selectively in the tumor cells. The PDT-induced necrosis (n = 18) was determined to be 94 +/- 12% (range 60-100%), while the necrosis of the controls (n = 12) differs significantly (p < 0.01), being less than 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These first in vivo results demonstrate the effective potential of 5-ALA-mediated PDT on PCA in an animal model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. Dirk.Zaak@uro.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaak
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stocker
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bise
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Höppner
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frimberger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schneede
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kriegmair
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knüchel
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D011524:Protoporphyrins; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C028025:protoporphyrin IX