title: A laboratory study of hydromorphone and cyclazocine on smoking behavior in residential polydrug users.
abstract: The effects of cyclazocine and hydromorphone on spontaneous and laboratory cigarette smoking were compared in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants (seven men, one woman) received oral doses of placebo, cyclazocine (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg) and hydromorphone (5 and 15 mg) in a randomized order on experimental days. Spontaneous smoking was recorded during two intervals on the experimental days: a 3-h period 5-8 h after drug administration (Interval 1), and the rest of the day (Interval 2). Measures of smoking topography and subjective and physiologic effects of a single cigarette were obtained on the experimental days. Neither hydromorphone nor cyclazocine significantly changed spontaneous smoking when compared to the placebo condition; however, compared to hydromorphone (5 mg), cyclazocine (0.4 and 0.8 mg) decreased spontaneous smoking during Interval 1. Hydromorphone (5 and 15 mg) and cyclazocine (0.4 and 0.8 mg) diminished smoking-induced increases in heart rate. Compared to the placebo condition, cyclazocine (0.2 and 0.4 mg) reduced exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) boost, a measure of smoke exposure. Further studies of the effects of kappa opioid agonists on smoking behavior may lead to a better understanding of the role of opiates in smoking behavior.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. wpickwo@intra.nida.nih.gov
authors.forename: Wallace B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Pickworth
authors.forename: Eun M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umbricht
authors.forename: Kenzie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Preston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003496:Cyclazocine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D012114:Residential Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D003496:Cyclazocine; D004091:Hydromorphone