title: The T-maze continuous alternation task for assessing the effects of putative cognition enhancers in the mouse.
abstract: The T-maze continuous alternation task (T-CAT) assesses the spatial exploratory performance in mice. We performed a series of four experiments in order to establish the T-CAT in mice in our laboratory, to replicate published findings, and to investigate the effects of scopolamine and donepezil. In the first experiment, the task was found to be sensitive to differences between mouse strains, corroborating findings reported by Gerlai. HsdWin:CFW1 mice alternated below chance level, C57BL/6JIco and B6D2F1/JIco mice performed above chance level, and C57BL/6NTac and 129S6/SvEvTac mice performed at chance level. In the second experiment, donepezil (Aricept, E2020) at the dose of 3 mg/kg p.o. increased the rate of alternations above the level of the vehicle-treated control group in C57BL/6JIco mice, suggesting that this drug can act as cognition enhancer in normal animals. 1mg/kg scopolamine, administered intraperiteoneally (i.p.), impaired the spontaneous alternation behaviour of the mice. The slightly lower dose of 0.75 mg/kg did not affect alternation performance. The high dose of donepezil (3 mg/kg) was able to antagonise the scopolamine-induced performance deficit. With respect to time to complete a session, the results were inconclusive. In the third experiment, we found that scopolamine, administered i.p. at the dose of 1 mg/kg, or subcutaneously (s.c.) at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg, decreased the rate of spontaneous alternations in C57BL mice in the T-CAT and increased the time to complete a session. Most likely due to adverse side effects induced by the dose of 1mg/kg scopolamine, 4 out of 10 animals did not complete at least eight free-choice trials during the maximum session duration of 30min. No such adverse effects were seen after 0.1 mg/kg scopolamine, administered s.c. Finally, we evaluated whether the T-CAT yields replicable results. We conclude that the T-CAT provides a reliable tool for assessing the effects of cognition-modulating treatments in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. spowartl@tcd.ie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spowart-Manning
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van der Staay
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000077265:Donepezil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil; D012601:Scopolamine