title: Path model of psychological antecedents to pain experience: experimental and clinical findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two studies are described addressing how anxiety, fear of pain, and catastrophizing impact on pain experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  In study 1, 66 undergraduates (34 men, 32 women) completed measures of state and trait anxiety, fear of pain, and catastrophizing prior to participating in a cold pressor procedure. In study 2, 60 undergraduates (30 men, 30 women) completed the same measures and participated in dental hygiene treatment and rated the pain they experienced during a scaling procedure (removing deposits from the tooth surface).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both studies, fear of pain and catastrophizing were significantly correlated with pain intensity ratings, and fear of pain and catastrophizing were correlated with each other. Trait anxiety was correlated with catastrophizing but not with fear of pain or pain. Path analyses revealed significant paths from trait anxiety to state anxiety, from trait anxiety to catastrophizing, and from catastrophizing to pain intensity ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that although fear of pain and catastrophizing are related constructs, catastrophizing provides unique predictive ability for pain ratings, while fear of pain does not. Clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. michael.jl.sullivan@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Michael J L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: L Charles
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016854:Dental Anxiety; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008347:Manifest Anxiety Scale; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires