Dietary hydrogenated fat increases high-density lipoprotein apoA-I catabolism and decreases low-density lipoprotein apoB-100 catabolism in hypercholesterolemic women.
OBJECTIVE
To determine mechanisms contributing to decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations associated with hydrogenated fat intake, kinetic studies of apoA-I, apoB-100, and apoB-48 were conducted using stable isotopes.


RESULTS
Eight postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women were provided in random order with 3 diets for 5-week periods. Two-thirds of the fat was soybean oil (unsaturated fat), stick margarine (hydrogenated fat), or butter (saturated fat). Total and LDL-C levels were highest after the saturated diet (P<0.05; saturated versus unsaturated) whereas HDL-C levels were lowest after the hydrogenated diet (P<0.05; hydrogenated versus saturated). Plasma apoA-I levels and pool size (PS) were lower, whereas apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was higher after the hydrogenated relative to the saturated diet (P<0.05). LDL apoB-100 levels and PS were significantly higher, whereas LDL apoB-100 FCR was lower with the saturated and hydrogenated relative to the unsaturated diet. There was no significant difference among diets in apoA-I or B-100 production rates or apoB-48 kinetic parameters. HDL-C concentrations were negatively associated with apoA-I FCR (r=-0.56, P=0.03) and LDL-C concentrations were negatively correlated with LDL apoB-100 FCR (r=-0.48, P=0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The mechanism for the adverse lipoprotein profile observed with hydrogenated fat intake is determined in part by increased apoA-I and decreased LDL apoB-100 catabolism.
Matthan
Nirupa R
NR
Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston Mass 02111, USA. nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu
Welty
Francine K
FK
Barrett
P Hugh R
PH
Harausz
Carrie
C
Dolnikowski
Gregory G
GG
Parks
John S
JS
Eckel
Robert H
RH
Schaefer
Ernst J
EJ
Lichtenstein
Alice H
AH
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D002079:Butter; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood*; D007700:Kinetics; D008383:Margarine; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D013024:Soybean Oil; D002079:Butter; D008383:Margarine