title: Assessment of hypoglycaemia awareness using continuous glucose monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possibility of assessing hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with Type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with Type 1 diabetes were investigated. Ten patients with Type 1 diabetes and strongly impaired hypoglycaemia awareness were compared with 10 patients with intact hypoglycaemia awareness regarding quality of hypoglycaemia perception (number of undetected hypoglycaemic episodes per 24 h, glucose level < 3.3 mmol/l). Hypoglycaemia detection was assessed using the event function of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS; Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA, USA). Patients were instructed to enter an event upon suspecting being hypoglycaemic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Satisfactory CGMS performance could be achieved [mean r = 0.893 between calibration measurements and CGMS data, mean absolute difference (MAD) = 20.6%], although artefacts were observable and had to be controlled. Hypoglycaemia unaware patients showed a significantly higher total number of hypoglycaemic episodes (P < 0.05), number of undetected hypoglycaemic episodes (P < 0.01), and mean glucose levels (P < 0.05). Even in aware patients, undetected hypoglycaemia was observable. No significant differences regarding occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia were observable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possibility of direct assessment of hypoglycaemia awareness using continuous glucose monitoring was demonstrated. Its application in clinical practice could be of use for assessing hypoglycaemia perception and evaluating the impact of treatment changes on hypoglycaemia awareness.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim, Th-Klotzbuecher-Strasse-12, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany. kubiak@diabetes-zentrum.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubiak
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hermanns
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schreckling
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulzer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin