title: Mass spectrometric differentiation of alpha- and beta-aspartic acid in a pseudo-tetrapeptide thrombosis inhibitor and its isomer.
abstract: The pseudo-tetrapeptide designated here as RGD (N-ethyl-N-[1-oxo-4-(4-piperidinyl) butyl] glycyl-L-alpha- aspartyl-3-cyclohexyl-L-alaninamide) and its isomer with beta-aspartic acid rather than alpha-aspartic acid were examined using electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). RGD has potential as a thrombosis inhibitor and the isomer, designated here as isopeptide, is an inactive instability product; hence, means were sought to distinguish the two. Both isomers give a protonated parent on ESI and fragments typical of peptides on sustained off resonance irradiation collision-induced decomposition (SORI-CID). Cleavage at the aspartic acid (b(3)) is the dominant process in both isomers, although a significant b(2) and smaller a(2)" and c(2)" peaks are also observed. More distinctive are peaks observed at b(3)-H(2)O, b(3)-(CO + CO(2)) and, only in the case of the RGD, b(3) - (H(2)O + CO). SORI CID on the b(3) ion indicates that, of these distinctive peaks, only the b(3)-(CO + CO(2)) comes from decomposition of the b(3) ion. On this basis, a mechanism is suggested for b(3) formation, involving proton transfer from a back-bone carbonyl to the aspartic acid side-chain carboxyl group. Such an intramolecular proton transfer involves rings of different sizes for the two isomers, providing a basis for the different SORI energy dependences. A mechanism suggested for the formation of the b(3)-H(2)O fragments also involves proton transfer to the aspartic acid side chain carboxyl group. This leads to concomitant H(2)O loss and amide bond cleavage, giving the b(3)-H(2)O ions with ketene moieties resulting from the water loss. According to the suggested mechanism, the observed loss of CO (verified by SORI-CID on the b(3)- H(2)O ion) from the RGD b(3)-H(2)O peak results in a secondary carbocation stabilized by an adjacent nitrogen. The unobserved loss of CO from the b(3)-H(2)O ion, formed by the suggested mechanism from the isopeptide, would give an unstable primary carbocation lacking a neighboring nitrogen. The mechanism, thus, only rationalizes the observation of a b(3)-(H(2)O + CO) fragment in RGD and not in the isopeptide. The isomers can be distinguished on the basis of this unique peak or on the basis of the different SORI energy dependence of the formation of the b(3) ions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
authors.forename: Nganha C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Luu
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McKean
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ridge
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D026581:Isoaspartic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007536:Isomerism; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D026581:Isoaspartic Acid; D009842:Oligopeptides; D001224:Aspartic Acid