title: Inactivation of protozoan parasites in red blood cells using INACTINE PEN110 chemistry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transmission of parasites, including Babesia, plasmodia, and Trypanosoma cruzi, via transfusions is an important public health concern. INACTINE technology is a pathogen-reduction process that utilizes PEN110, an electrophilic agent that inac-tivates a wide range of pathogens by disrupting nucleic acid replication. The present study investigated the effect of PEN110 treatment on the viability of protozoa in RBCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  B. microti-parasitized RBCs from infected hamsters were treated with PEN110 and inoculated to naïve animals. Parasitemia was detected by blood smears and PCR. Human RBCs infected with P. falciparum were treated with PEN110 and incubated with fresh RBCs. P. falciparum multiplication was detected by blood smears. Human RBCs spiked with T. cruzi and treated with PEN110 were analyzed for the presence of live parasites using in-vitro infectivity assay or by inoculating susceptible mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of RBCs infected with B. microti or P. falciparum with 0.01 to 0.1 percent (vol/vol) PEN110 resulted in parasite inactivation to below the limit of detection during 24 hours. T. cruzi inoculated into human RBCs was inactivated below the limit of detection by 0.1 percent PEN110 after 3 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates that treatment of blood with PEN110 is highly effective in eradicating transfusion-transmitted protozoan parasites.
authors.affiliation: V.I. Technologies, Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, USA.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zavizion
authors.forename: Mercio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Melo Jorge
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serebryanik
authors.forename: Thomas N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alford
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bzik
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purmal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041001:Babesia microti / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C451719:PEN 110; D011073:Polyamines