title: Urodynamic findings in adults with primary nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluate bladder function in adults with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) since childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited all patients older than 16 years who presented to our PNE clinic with persistent enuretic symptoms. All patients were assessed by a detailed voiding diary, uroflowmetry and ultrasonography of the urinary tract. Urodynamic studies were performed for those with moderate or severe PNE (more than 3 wet nights a week).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 18 males and 29 females with a mean age of 20 years (range 16 to 43). Of these patients 37 (79%) had moderate or severe symptoms and 17 (38%) also had daytime urinary symptoms. Urodynamic studies were conducted in 30 patients, including 12 males and 16 females (93%) with detrusor overactivity. In addition, 73% of patients had urodynamic evidence of functional bladder outflow obstruction, including dysfunctional voiding and detrusor sphincter or detrusor pelvic discoordination. Two male patients (6.7%) had an obstructive pattern on urodynamics and subsequent cystoscopic examination confirmed the presence of congenital obstructive urethral lesions. Sixteen patients (53%) had significantly reduced bladder capacity of less than 300 ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike in early childhood, the majority (79%) of enuretic adults had significant symptoms, and more than a third also had daytime urinary symptoms. We believe that PNE in adults is not only a psychologically disturbing condition, but also a urological disorder with significant underlying bladder dysfunction that warrants special attention to management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China. ckyeung@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: J D Y
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sihoe
authors.forename: F K Y
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Sit
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004775:Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics