title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of extended-release carbamazepine capsules as monotherapy for bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbamazepine has been used to treat mania for over 2 decades. Most evaluations of carbamazepine have had important limitations, such as absence of a parallel placebo group, small sample size, or the confounding influence of concomitant treatment. All studies have used conventional, immediate-release carbamazepine formulations. We assessed the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with beaded, extended-release carbamazepine capsules (ERC-CBZ; SPD417) in bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a single-blind placebo lead-in, DSM-IV-defined bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes were randomly assigned to receive ERC-CBZ (N = 101) or placebo (N = 103) for 3 weeks. Patients were hospitalized through the first 7 days of the double-blind period. ERC-CBZ was initiated at 400 mg/day and increased, as necessary and tolerated, up to 1600 mg/day. Efficacy was assessed weekly with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Data were gathered from December 1999 to June 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six (47.1%) of 204 patients completed the study. The mean +/- SD final ERC-CBZ dose was 756.44 +/- 413.38 mg/day with a mean plasma drug level of 8.9 microg/mL. Starting at week 2, ERC-CBZ was associated with significantly greater improvements in YMRS (p =.032) using last-observation-carried-forward analyses. At end point, the responder rate (patients with at least a 50% decrease in YMRS score) also favored ERC-CBZ (41.5% vs. 22.4%; p =.0074). In a post hoc analysis of mixed patients, HAM-D score was significantly improved in patients remaining on ERC-CBZ treatment on day 21 (p =.01). Adverse events occurring more frequently in the ERC-CBZ group than in the placebo group included dizziness, nausea, and somnolence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found ERC-CBZ to be effective in the first large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial of carbamazepine monotherapy in acute mania. This trial provides important additional evidence supporting the use of carbamazepine in acute mania.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University, 700 Spring Forest, Suite 125, Raleigh, N.C 27609, USA. rweisler@aol.com
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Weisler
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kalali
authors.forename: Terence A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ketter
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010919:Placebos; D002220:Carbamazepine