title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer: experience at a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (CRS) undergo downstaging of their tumor and have improved survival when compared with patients undergoing surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (SCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary-care university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-three patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2001. Of these, 31 received CRS; 27, SCR; and 65, surgery alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were candidates for neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy if they had locally advanced disease (T3/T4 N0 or any T stage with N1). Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies were nonrandomized and based on the preference of the treating oncologist and surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathological downstaging was analyzed in the patients receiving CRS. Operative mortality, postoperative morbidity, median survival, and overall survival were compared between the CRS and SCR groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathological downstaging (as characterized by TNM staging) was observed in 20 (64%) of the patients receiving CRS. Complete pathological responses occurred in 5 (16%) of the patients undergoing CRS. No 30-day mortality was observed in either treatment group. No statistical difference in survival was observed between groups, although a trend suggested improved survival with neoadjuvant therapy (3-year survival in CRS and SCR groups was 45% and 22%, respectively; P =.15). Complete pathological responders in the CRS group had a 1-year survival of 80% compared with 29% in nonresponders (P =.25). No statistical differences were observed between groups in relation to blood loss, length of hospital stay, mortality, or morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy effectively downstages cancer in patients with locally advanced esophageal disease. Morbidity and operative mortality were not significantly different between patients receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy. The difference in overall survival between the 2 groups did not reach statistical significance, although a trend at 3 years was observed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: S Christopher
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Malaisrie
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Untch
authors.forename: Gerard V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Aranha
authors.forename: Najeeb
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohideen
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hantel
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pickleman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis