title: Dual role of sumoylation in the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of NFAT1.
abstract: The nuclear import of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors is critical for regulating NFAT activity. Here we demonstrate that the sumoylation of NFAT1 defines a novel mechanism of the nuclear anchorage and transcriptional activation downstream from the known mechanism of calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation and nuclear import. We show that Lys(684) and Lys(897) of NFAT1 can be sumoylated. The sumoylation at Lys(684) is required for NFAT1 transcriptional activity and subsequent sumoylation of Lys(897), whereas the sumoylation of Lys(897) is only required for nuclear anchorage. Because Lys(897) of NFAT1 is not conserved among other members of the NFAT family, we propose that sumoylation of Lys(897) may provide a mechanism for NFAT1 isotype-specific regulation of nuclear anchorage and transcriptional activation. Furthermore, we found that treatment with both ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ensured efficient nuclear anchorage with the recruitment of NFAT1 into the SUMO-1 bodies, whereas treatment with ionomycin alone induced nuclear translocation of NFAT1 but not recruitment into the SUMO-1 bodies. Our results suggest that the recruitment of NFAT1 into SUMO-1 bodies may be required for the progressive transcriptional activity of NFAT1 upon co-stimulation with ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, whereas anergic transcription stimulated by ionomycin alone may occur without recruitment into the SUMO-1 bodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terui
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Shidong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McKeon
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494006:NFATC2 protein, human; C494007:Nfatc2 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D015759:Ionomycin; D008156:Luciferases; D008239:Lysine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium