title: Role of actin microfilaments in canine distemper virus replication in vero cells.
abstract: Several studies have indicated that viruses require a specific cytoskeletal structure for replication in host cells. In this study, we examined the role of actin fiber in the replication of canine distemper virus (CDV), belonging to the Morbillivirus genus of the family Paramyxoviridae. For this purpose, we used two actin depolymerizing agents, cytochalasin-D (C-D) and mycalolide-B (ML-B). In Vero cells, C-D disrupted actin fibers distributed in the cytosol, but peripheral actin fibers remained intact. On the other hand, ML-B completely disrupted the actin fibers distributed in both areas. Treatment of Vero cells with C-D or ML-B inhibited the replication of CDV. Double staining of CDV-infected Vero cells with antibody to N-protein and rhodamine-phalloidin revealed the presence of N-protein in mid-cytoplasm. However, the N-protein was specifically localized at the submembrane region in the presence of C-D, whereas it was clustered in the presence of ML-B. Viral mRNA levels of N- and H-proteins were rather increased by treatment with C-D or ML-B. The treatment with ML-B strongly inhibited N-protein expression, whereas C-D only slightly inhibited N-protein expression. These results suggest that actin microfilaments distributed in the cytoplasm and on the membrane region in host cells may have a different role in the process of CDV replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajita
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karaki
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kai
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008387:Marine Toxins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D017931:DNA Primers; D008387:Marine Toxins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D010080:Oxazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C080978:mycalolide B; D015638:Cytochalasin D