title: Photosensitive absence epilepsy with myoclonias and heterozygosity for succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is a neurometabolic disorder characterized by excessive GABA levels and seizures. There has been no clinical phenotype described to date with heterozygosity for SSADH deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient heterozygous for SSADH deficiency presented with absence and myoclonic seizures. EEG monitoring and enzymatic, metabolic, and molecular studies for SSADH were obtained on the patient and family members.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EEG recordings yielded generalized 3-4 Hz spike-wave paroxysms and trains of multiple spikes in the heterozygous patient, and photosensitivity in the heterozygous patient and parent as well as in the sibling with homozygous deficiency. The heterozygous patient and parents did not manifest 4-OH-butyric aciduria but SSADH levels were low and a splice site mutation of the SSADH gene was identified in each.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterozygosity for SSADH deficiency may be associated with an epilepsy syndrome characterized by absence and myoclonic seizures, photoparoxysmal EEG and generalized epileptiform discharges
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterozygous SSADH deficiency may be suspected, given an appropriate family history in the setting of an apparently idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Pathogenic explanations may relate to regional elevations in GABA or GHB concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dervent
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Salomons
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yalcinkaya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D000592:Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050644:Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase
chemical_list: D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; C111420:4-hydroxybutyric acid; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C493643:ALDH5A1 protein, human; D050644:Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase