title: The effect of radiotherapy on the use of immediate breast reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immediate breast reconstruction techniques include tissue-expansion, latissimus dorsi flap with or without an implant, pedicled TRAM flap and free tissue-transfer. Adjuvant radiotherapy decreases loco-regional recurrence and increases overall survival. Radiotherapy in the presence of a tissue-expander or an implant can lead to an increased number of complications and poor cosmetic outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between radiotherapy and the choice of the immediate breast reconstruction technique in view of the increased number of breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An audit of 121 patients who had immediate breast reconstruction over a period of 2 years was reviewed retrospectively. In March 1998, the radiotherapy protocol was revised. Forty-two patients operated on between January 1997 and March 1998 were compared to 79 patients operated on between April 1998 and June 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy increased in the second period as well as the proportion of autologous breast reconstruction. A small percentage of patients required unexpected radiotherapy after insertion of tissue expanders, due to narrow excision margins or unexpected pathology. Only two patients had tissue-expansion although radiotherapy was likely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The choice of the immediate breast reconstruction technique was satisfactory in most patients. The use of implants is best avoided in patients who may require adjuvant radiotherapy. Autologous immediate breast reconstruction, either free or pedicled flaps, is a safer choice for those patients.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Unit, Canniesburn Hospital, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QL, UK. magedhussien@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussien
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malyon
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wieler-Mithoff
mesh_terms: D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016462:Mammaplasty; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016387:Women's Health