title: Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children who present with a posterior cross-bite in the primary dentition may be predisposed to long-term detrimental consequences if the condition is left untreated. Controversy exists in the literature as to the most appropriate time to treat this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review is to evaluate the need for correcting posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition based on the current understanding of the aetiology, likelihood of self-correction, and consequences of various forms of this malocclusion persisting into the mixed and permanent dentitions. A review of the reported treatment options for management of this condition is also presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature pertaining to the epidemiology and management of posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition are relatively common and their causes are numerous. Because a significant proportion of posterior cross-bites self-correct beyond the primary dentition, routine correction in the primary dentition phase cannot be advocated. A unilateral posterior cross-bite as a result of a functional displacement of the mandible is one of the few malocclusions which should be considered for correction in the primary dentition. Further research is needed in the management of this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. mmal9885@mail.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malandris
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Mahoney
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome