Effects of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction on cardiac gene expression.
Ultrasound (US) contrast agents are increasingly used in diagnostic echocardiography. Recent studies have suggested unanticipated effects of microbubble destruction. This study was designed to evaluate gene regulation caused by US-mediated destruction of microbubbles in the heart. During IV infusion of Optison trade mark, triggered US was applied to rat hearts to destroy microbubbles. A control group received only saline and US. RNA was isolated from hearts 24 and 72 h after treatment. Analysis with a deeply representative murine cardiac-specific microarray was used to identify regulated genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then applied to verify regulated genes. Microarray analysis revealed only 5 regulated genes in the 24-h group and 4 in the 72-h group. Of these genes, only carbonic anhydrase was significantly upregulated in the 24-h Optison trade mark group (4.3 fold; p = 0.0005) when examined in individual animals by real-time PCR. By this very sensitive technique, the bioeffects of microbubble destruction are negligible.
Bekeredjian
Raffi
R
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Chen
Shuyuan
S
Pan
Wentong
W
Grayburn
Paul A
PA
Shohet
Ralph V
RV
D000418:Albumins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004452:Echocardiography; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D006321:Heart; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D045423:Microbubbles; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014465:Ultrasonics
D000418:Albumins; D003287:Contrast Media; C099458:FS 069; D005466:Fluorocarbons