title: Relaxin is an independent risk factor predicting death in male patients with end-stage kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have a reduced life expectancy mainly as the result of cardiovascular diseases. Relaxin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We analyzed the impact of relaxin on death in patients with ESKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n =245; 122 women, 123 men) on long-term hemodialysis were followed for 1140 days for death. Blood samples for analysis of relaxin, C-reactive protein, Troponin T, cholesterol, HDL, brain natriuretic peptide, and albumin were taken at study entry. Survival was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. One hundred seven patients died during the observation period; 66 died of cardiovascular diseases and 28 died of infectious diseases. Elevated serum relaxin concentrations (greater than median) predicted death in male but not in female patients with ESKD: All-cause death (men: relative risk, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.34 to 5.12; P=0.005; women: relative risk, 0.671; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.35; P=0.262) and cardiovascular death (men: relative risk, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.20 to 7.21; P=0.018; women: relative risk, 0.639; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.56; P=0.324).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relaxin is an independent risk factor predicting death in male patients with ESKD on chronic hemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Humboldt University of Berlin, University Hospital Charité, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephrology, Charité, Berlin, Germany. berthold.hocher@charite.de
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hocher
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ziebig
authors.forename: Rolfdieter
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asmus
authors.forename: Hans-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Neumayer
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liefeldt
authors.forename: Johannes-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stasch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000401:mortality; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015993:Life Tables; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012065:Relaxin / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D012709:Serum Albumin; D020107:Troponin T; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D012065:Relaxin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol