title: Nutritional status of Brazilian elite swimmers.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the body composition, dietary intake, use of nutritional supplements, and biochemical status of 8 Brazilian male elite swimmers, aged 18-21 years, participants at a national swimming competition. Data from the athletes were obtained through a 4-day food record, a fasting blood sample, and anthropometric measurements. The anthropometric results showed that body composition was compatible with sport category. The dietary assessment showed an adequate ingestion of calories, vitamins, and mineral, with the exception of calcium, for which only half of the sample reached the recommendation. The results also indicated low carbohydrate and high protein and cholesterol intakes. Of the swimmers, 62.5% and 25% consumed synthetic aminoacids and antioxidants supplements, respectively. The biochemical indices of the nutritional status were within normal limits in all swimmers, with the exception of creatine-kinase, which was above the recommended level, indicating muscle degradation probably due to poor carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, the results suggest the importance of nutritional education to promote a balanced intake, provide all nutrients in optimal amounts, inhibit unnecessary ingestion of nutritional supplements, maintain ideal performance, and improve the swimmers' health status.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria Cristina Provenza
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Paschoal
authors.forename: Olga Maria Silverio
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Amancio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*