title: Attentional, emotional and hormonal data in subjects of different ages.
abstract: The differences in attentional style among subjects of different ages and the influence of emotionality on the attentional components were studied for a limited experimental period. Variation in the hormonal data and its relation to behavioural parameters were also evaluated. The subjects enrolled in the study were divided into four age groups (A 18-29, B 30-45, C 46-59, D 60-77 years). The attentional tests involved different types of attention: alert, go/no-go, divided attention and working memory. Emotionality was assessed on the basis of skin conductance, heart rate and frontalis muscle tone. Testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT), non-specifically bound testosterone (NST), sex hormone binding globulin (sHBG), oestradiol, cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone were determined in the plasma. The data were analysed to identify endocrine and behavioural differences related to sex and age. The results showed an influence of age on reaction time (RT) and RT variability. This was particularly evident for groups C and D with respect to A in the simple (alert) and complex RT tests (go/no-go and working memory). Divided attention, with the highest RT, showed a clear distinction between group A and the other groups. The difference in frontalis electromyography (EMG) (test vs control) increased with age, while the autonomic responses (skin conductance and heart rate) did not vary. In most attentional tests, the age-related reduction of RT was associated with increased T, fT and NST and decreased cortisol.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroscienze e Fisiologia Applicata, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro 3, 53100, Siena, Italy. fontanig@unisi.it
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fontani
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lodi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Felici
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corradeschi
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lupo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D006728:Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone