title: Modulation of the activity of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) head-kidney macrophages by macrophage activating factor(s) and lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the requirements for macrophage activating factor (MAF) production by sea bass head-kidney leucocytes and the kinetics of macrophage activation when exposed to MAF-containing supernatants and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known macrophage stimulant. MAF activity was found in culture supernatants of total head-kidney leucocytes pulsed with 5 microg ml(-1)Con A, 5 or 10 ng ml(-1)PMA and 100 ng ml(-1)calcium ionophore, or 10 microg ml(-1)Con A alone, as assessed by the capacity to prime macrophages for enhanced production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Mixed leucocyte cultures from two or eight fish showed higher MAF activity after stimulation, indicating that a mixed leucocyte reaction was also important for MAF production. MAF-induced activation of macrophage cultures was highest at 18 h of exposure and was lost by 72 h except for MAF induced by Con A-stimulation alone. LPS primed macrophages for increased ROI production at early incubation times and down-regulated ROI production after 24 h. LPS had no effect in further stimulating the MAF-induced priming effect on production of ROI and down-regulated the MAF-priming by 48 h. Sea bass head-kidney macrophages did not show increased nitrite production when exposed to MAF and/or LPS, which may be related to their differentiation status.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal.
authors.forename: Amélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D003208:Concanavalin A; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C025673:calciphorin; D003208:Concanavalin A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate