title: IGF-I stimulates proliferation of spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HACAT) by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.
abstract: HaCaT keratinocytes are derived from adult human skin and although spontaneously immortalized, remain highly related to their normal counterparts. We observed that HaCaT cells can proliferate in serum-free medium (SFM), in contrast to normal human keratinocytes whose growth in vitro requires a feeder layer and/or the supplementation with hormones and growth factors. Since autocrine production of growth factors has been proposed as the pathway that cells may exploit to escape growth regulation, we have investigated whether this is occurring in HaCaT cultured in SFM. Either epidermal growth factor (EGF) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) was effective and dose-dependently stimulated HaCaT replication. The ability of these keratinocytes to express EGF and IGF-I and their receptors was investigated by northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We report that HaCaT cells synthesize mRNAs for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR and EGF-R but not EGF mRNA. Immunoneutralization of IGF-I with specific monoclonal antibodies blocked spontaneous HaCaT proliferation in SFM, as did incubation with antibodies against IGF-IR. These data demonstrate that an autocrine/paracrine loop based on IGF-I may allow HaCaT keratinocytes to proliferate autonomously in culture in contrast to keratinocytes in primary culture. A similar mechanism may be involved in the development of hyperproliferative diseases of human skin and its functional disruption may represent the target for therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Surgical Outpatient Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, Saronno, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laudicina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marazzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Betti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crosti
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: DiMattia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torsello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1