title: Probucol and ticlopidine: effect on platelet and monocyte activation markers in hyperlipidemic patients with and without type 2 diabetes.
abstract: We investigated the effects of probucol and ticlopidine on circulating levels of platelet activation markers, microparticles, soluble selectins, and malondialdehyde-low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) in hyperlipidemic patients with or without type 2 diabetes. There were significant differences in the levels of CD62P, PAC-1, annexin V, PDMP, MDMP, sP-selectin, sE-selectin and MDA-LDL between the hyperlipidemic patients and the controls. In particular, these markers were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic patients who had type 2 diabetes. In the hyperlipidemic patients with diabetes, MDA-LDL was decreased by both monotherapy with probucol and combination therapy (probucol and ticlopidine). In these patients, CD62P, PAC-1, annexin V, MDMP, PDMP, sP-selectin, and sE-selectin were also significantly decreased after treatment. The decreases of CD62P, PAC-1, annexin V, PDMP and sP-selectin were greater combination therapy than with monotherapy. These findings suggest that administration of probucol and ticlopidine to hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes may help to prevent the development of cardiovascular complications caused by modified LDL, selectins, or activated platelets and monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical Kohri Hospital, 8-45 Kohri Hondori-Cho, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8511, Japan. shosaku-n@mpb.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Shosaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inami
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kajiura
authors.forename: Kohichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011336:Probability; D011341:Probucol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013988:Ticlopidine; D011341:Probucol