title: Fumigant combinations for Cyperus esculentum L control.
abstract: The phase-out of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant has stimulated research into the use of other soil fumigants for weed control. Methyl bromide, methyl iodide, propargyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and metam-sodium were tested alone and in combination with chloropicrin in laboratory experiments to determine their efficacy against Cyperus esculentus L (yellow nutsedge) tubers. Propargyl bromide and metam-sodium were the most efficacious fumigants tested, with EC50 values of 3.7 and 6.5 microM, respectively. The relative potencies of methyl iodide and chloropicrin were not significantly different but were 2.6 and 2.9 times more potent than methyl bromide, respectively. The EC50 values for all fumigants other than 1,3-D were significantly lower than that of methyl bromide. Combining each fumigant with 17% chloropicrin resulted in a synergistic interaction. The greatest increase in potency between the expected result and the actual result was a relative potency of 3.8 with the methyl bromide/chloropicrin combination. The smallest increase in efficacy was with propargyl bromide and chloropicrin, with a relative potency of 1.5. There was no significant difference between the EC50 values of methyl bromide/chloropicrin and methyl iodide/chloropicrin combinations. Combining 1,3-D with 17% chloropicrin resulted in an EC50 value for C. esculentus control similar to that of methyl iodide applied alone.
authors.affiliation: Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA. cmhutch@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Milton E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McGiffen
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: J Ole
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D029786:Cyperus / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000633:toxicity; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000633:toxicity; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000633:toxicity; D010293:Pargyline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D006540:Herbicides; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C008435:methyldithiocarbamate; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; D010293:Pargyline; C005218:methyl bromide; C014055:methyl iodide; C458239:propargyl bromide; C100187:chloropicrin