title: Bone marrow engraftment in a rodent model of chemical carcinogenesis but no role in the histogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies indicated that hepatic stem cells in the bone marrow could differentiate into mature hepatocytes, suggesting that bone marrow cells could be used for replacement of damaged hepatocytes in a variety of liver diseases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is thought to arise from hepatic stem cells. In this study, we investigated the malignant potential of hepatic stem cells derived from the bone marrow in a mouse model of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow cells were obtained from the male beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) transgenic mouse and transplanted into female recipient mice. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by a year of treatment with diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital (NDEA/PB). One year later, the liver was removed from each treated mouse and evaluated by x-gal staining, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty per cent of recipient mice survived and developed multiple HCC. Clusters of beta-gal positive mature hepatocytes were detected sporadically in the entire liver of NDEA/PB treated mice who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with while no such hepatocytes were identified in the liver of BMT mice that were not treated with NDEA/PB. The Y chromosome was detected with the same frequency as the donor male liver in clusters of beta-gal positive mature hepatocytes by FISH. However, no HCC was positive for beta-gal or the Y chromosome. Immunohistochemically, beta-gal positive mature hepatocytes did not express CD34 or alpha-fetoprotein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that hepatic stem cells derived from the bone marrow have low malignant potential, at least in our model.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005697:Galactosides; D006085:Graft Survival; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005697:Galactosides; D007211:Indoles; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C044888:5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside