title: Intermediate outcome and risk factor assessment of bovine vascular heterografts used as AV-fistulas for hemodialysis access.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This observational study was set up to prospectively follow all bovine heterograft (ProCol) fistulas implanted for hemodialysis access between 1998 and 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  ProCol was implanted if autogenous vein was not available or if patients presented with a history of failed, infected or otherwise complicated ePTFE grafts and/or on immunosuppressive therapy. Fistula patency was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes were clinical events and the rate of access revisions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two ProCol grafts were implanted in 56 patients. The mean primary (PP) and secondary patency (SP) was 334 (SEM 57) and 528 (SEM 59) days, respectively. Coronary heart disease was associated with a significantly better SP (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.9) whilst diabetes mellitus was associated with a significantly worse SP (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.9). Reinterventions were performed at a mean rate of 1.23 (SEM 0.17) per fistula. The relative risk of access revision was significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (OR 9.2, 95% CI 2.3-37.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ProCol grafts, used for AV-fistulas, demonstrate acceptable patency rates in high-risk haemodialysis patients. Diabetes mellitus jeopardizes the patency of these fistulas and is associated with a high revision rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aregger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidli
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mohaupt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002417:Cattle; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014654:Vascular Patency