title: Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus.
abstract: 1. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of microbial phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digesta viscosity, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed on wheat-soy diets containing adequate phosphorus (P). The wheat-soy basal diet was formulated to contain 4.5 g/kg non-phytate P and the experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal diet with xylanase (1000 xylanase units/kg diet), phytase (500 phytase units/kg diet) or a combination of phytase and xylanase. 2. Supplemental phytase improved the weight gains and feed efficiency by 17.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Corresponding improvements due to the addition of xylanase were 16.5 and 4.9%, respectively. The combination of phytase and xylanase caused no further improvements in broiler performance. 3. Individual additions of xylanase or phytase resulted in numerical improvements in apparent metabolisable energy (AME), but the differences were not significant. The combination of the two enzymes significantly increased AME. Addition of xylanase and the combination of the two enzymes reduced the viscosity of digesta in all sections of the intestine. Phytase supplementation reduced digesta viscosity in the duodenum and ileum, but not in the jejunum. 4. Enzyme supplementation lowered the relative weight and length of the small intestine. Additions of xylanase and phytase reduced the relative weight of the small intestine by 15.5 and 11.4%, respectively, while the corresponding reductions in the relative length of the small intestine were 16.5 and 14.1%, respectively. The combination of phytase and xylanase had no further effects on the relative weight and length of the small intestine compared with the xylanase group. 5. The addition of phytase increased villus height in the duodenum and decreased the number of goblet cells in the jejunum compared with those on the unsupplemented basal diet. Xylanase supplementation tended to increase goblet cell numbers in the duodenum and decreased crypt depth in thejejunum. The combination of phytase and xylanase increased villus height in the ileum and crypt depth in thejejunum and ileum. 6. In summary, the present results showed that the addition of a microbial phytase, produced by solid state fermentation and containing significant activities of beta-glucanase and xylanase, was as effective as xylanase in improving the performance of broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets containing adequate levels of P. Improved performance with enzyme supplementation was generally associated with reduced digesta viscosity, increased AME, and reduced relative weight and length of small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health and Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Birtles
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hendriks
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013025:Glycine max; D014908:Triticum; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D010832:6-Phytase; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases