title: Selection and preparation of candidates for combined liver-kidney transplantation: experience at a single center-two case reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The published experiences of combined liver-kidney transplantation (LKT) are favorable, but there is still no uniformity concerning the impact on hepatorenal syndrome, or in cases of symptomatic hepatorenal polycystic disease. Herein we describe our experience with two LKTs, with particular reference to the selection and preparation of the candidates, and the surgical approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and June 2003, we performed 430 liver transplants in 398 recipients, including two LKTs: one in a patient with hepatorenal polycystic disease (case 1) and the other in a patient with HBV(+) cirrhosis undergoing dialysis after a previous isolated kidney transplant (case 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In case 1, LKT and right nephrectomy were performed 2 months after a left lumbar nephrectomy. In case 2, LKT was performed 10 months after an isolated kidney transplant, without removing the first graft, which recovered function after 3 months. Both patients are now in good health with functioning grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LKT requires careful selection and preparation of candidates to optimize the probability of success. In well-compensated dialyzed patients with cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis, we believe that a combined approach is indicated after antiviral therapy. In cases of hepatorenal cystic disease, a two-stage surgical approach makes it possible to eliminate the risk of infection and intracyst hemorrhage in nonfunctioning polycystic kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Urbani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biancofiore
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bindi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boldrini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Consani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisà
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campatelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Filipponi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D016896:Treatment Outcome