title: Atypical sinusitis in adults must lead to looking for cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia.
abstract: HYPOTHESES/OBJECTIVES:: In adults, purulent pansinusitis or nasal polyposis starting early in life or that is permanently infected or associated either with chronic bronchial infection, infertility, or situs inversus are uncommon. In these atypical cases of chronic sinusitis (ACS), a primary dysfunction of the mucociliary clearance can be suspected. Adult patients with ACS were therefore investigated to detect primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) or cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with ACS were investigated with ciliary beat frequency and ultrastructure analysis in nasal cells and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation analysis in blood leukocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnosis of PCD was confirmed in seven (17%) patients. At least one CFTR gene mutation was detected in 16 (38%) patients. The diagnosis of CF was suggested in three (7%) compound heterozygous patients. Another 13 (31%) patients were heterozygous for a CFTR gene mutation or a complex allele. Comparison of clinical features of ACS showed that only a family history of chronic sinusitis (P <.01) or chronic bronchitis (P <.02) and the presence of diffuse bronchiectasis (P <.0001) or serous otitis media (P <.0001) were significantly more frequent in PCD patients than in patients carrying CFTR gene mutations or those without PCD or CFTR gene mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACS should be considered a remarkable entity in which congenital abnormalities of epithelial cells are frequently detected (55% of patients). The higher frequency of mutations in ACS patients compared with the general population suggests that heterozygoty for CFTR gene mutation could be a sinusitis-causing status.
authors.affiliation: Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale des Hôpitaux Intercommunal et Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Université Paris XII, Créteil, Val de Marne, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coste
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girodon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prulière-Escabasse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peynègre
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escudier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D029481:Bronchitis, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007619:Kartagener Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator