title: The histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
abstract: MS-275 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that has been reported to mediate its cytotoxic effect through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in proliferating hematopoietic cell lines. We examined efficacy of MS-275 in nonproliferating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells from patients. In these cells, MS-275 demonstrated an in vitro LC(50) that was one log lower than for normal mononuclear cells. Following MS-275 treatment, histones H3 and H4 showed increased acetylation and HDAC enzymatic activity was reduced. Caspase-8, -9, and -3 were activated, and caspase substrates PARP and BID were cleaved. Additionally, FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) was downmodulated following MS-275 incubation. MS-275 treatment caused detectable ROS generation after 15 h of incubation, which was blocked by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein protected against MS-275-induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that MS-275 is a promising therapy for the treatment of CLL, but that in contrast to previous reports, ROS generation does not precede commitment to apoptosis. Similar to many other therapeutic targets, MS-275-mediated apoptosis is reduced by overexpression of Bcl-2, justifying strategies to combine HDAC inhibitors with Bcl-2 antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Parthun
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Flax
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Grever
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011725:Pyridines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C118739:entinostat; D020169:Caspases