title: Increased hepatic platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF receptors in carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The liver is a major site for the synthesis and actions of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent hepatic vasoconstrictor and systemic vasodilator. As PAF is implicated in portal hypertension and hyperdynamic circulation associated with liver cirrhosis, we characterised changes in the hepatic PAF system in experimental cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In rats made cirrhotic by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) administration for eight weeks, we determined hepatic levels of PAF and its cognate receptor, and the effects of PAF and PAF antagonist (BN52021) on portal and arterial pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control rats, cirrhotic rats had higher hepatic PAF levels, higher apparent hepatic efflux of PAF, and higher PAF levels in arterial blood (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Relative to controls, cirrhotic livers had elevated hepatic PAF receptors (by mRNA and protein levels and [(3)H]PAF binding), higher (p<0.01) baseline hepatic portal pressure, and an augmented (p = 0.03) portal pressure response to PAF infusion (1 microg/kg). Portal infusion of BN52021 (5 mg/kg) showed that elevated endogenous PAF was responsible for 23% of the cirrhotic portal pressure increase but made no contribution to systemic hypotension. Finally, increased PAF receptor density was observed in the contractile perisinusoidal stellate cells isolated from cirrhotic livers relative to those from control livers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cirrhosis, increased hepatic release of PAF elevates systemic PAF; in combination with upregulated hepatic PAF receptors in stellate cells, this contributes to portal hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: S A K
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Subbotin
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gandhi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D013233:Stellate Ganglion / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007783:Lactones; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; C045856:ginkgolide B