title: Lead extraction for device related infections: a single-centre experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a single-centre experience of extraction of infected pacing and ICD leads.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of consecutive lead extractions for infection. Lead extraction was by traction, or, if unsuccessful, a laser sheath was used. All procedures were performed in the operating room.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leads were extracted in 82 patients including 66 patients (80%) with infection occurring after replacement of the generator or revision of the leads. Previous treatment, without lead extraction, had failed in 51 patients (62%). Major complications (tamponade or haemothorax) occurred in 6 patients, 2 patients died despite emergency surgery. One patient succumbed to ongoing sepsis. Of the patients alive, a follow-up of at least 6 months (27 +/- 17 months) was available in 76 patients. All patients were cured; none had a recurrence. In 31 patients (41%) pacing was abandoned after lead extraction; all remained asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lead extraction is effective in curing pacemaker or ICD related infection, even after failed conservative therapy, but with a significant complication rate. The routine replacement of the generator should be reconsidered in patients in whom the indication for pacing is no longer valid, as the majority of infections occurred after revision of the system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands. frank.bracke@cze.nl
authors.forename: F A L E
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bracke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: van Gelder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome