title: A citrus flavonoid hesperidin suppresses infection-induced endotoxin shock in mice.
abstract: Administration of a citrus flavonoid hesperidin (HES) to mice before LPS challenge significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of HES 3 h before intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with 10(8) CFU Salmonella typhimurium aroA resulted in rescue from lethal shock as similar to LPS-nonresponder mice. Not only bacterial numbers in livers and spleens but also plasma LPS levels significantly decreased by pretreatment with HES. In addition, HES markedly suppressed plasma levels of TNF-alpha and high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1), decreased the number of apoptotic cells in livers and normalized the activated states of blood coagulation factors such as prothrombin time and platelet numbers caused by infection. Pretreatment of LPS with HES suppressed the chromogenic Limulus reaction.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plant Garden, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Sei-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasunuma
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D006569:Hesperidin