title: An unexpected effect of glucocorticoids on stimulation of c-fms proto-oncogene expression in choriocarcinoma cells that express little glucocorticoid receptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which glucocorticoids stimulate c-fms proto-oncogene expression in JAR choriocarcinoma cells, which are reported to lack the glucocorticoid receptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glucocorticoid action on c-fms was tested with the use of ligand binding assays, Northern and Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and nuclear run-off experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexamethasone stimulated c-fms (EC(50)=1 nmol/L) in JAR cells in a specific manner. Both RU 486 and actinomycin D inhibited dexamethasone stimulation, which suggests receptor-mediated and transcriptionally regulated actions. Neither cytosol or whole cell binding assays nor immunohistochemistry detected glucocorticoid receptor in JAR cells. However, Southern blot analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction products revealed levels of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA in JAR cells that were approximately 100-fold lower than in HeLa control cells. In all but 1 clone among several JAR clones that were tested, there was concordance between presence or absence of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA and glucocorticoid sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some JAR cells contain low levels of glucocorticoid receptor, which mediate dexamethasone stimulation of c-fms expression. Such sensitivity to circulating glucocorticoids confers a survival advantage to these cells by stimulating the c-fms-related invasive behavior so characteristic of choriocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. setsuko.chambers@yale.edu
authors.forename: Setsuko K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ivins
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kacinski
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hochberg
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016236:Genes, fms / Q000187:drug effects*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D003907:Dexamethasone