title: [Postoperative biliary stenosis: long-term results of endoscopic treatment].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic stent placement is often the initial therapy in symptomatic patients with postoperative strictures because patients are usually diagnosed at the time of ERCP. Although stent insertion rapidly relieves symptoms of biliary obstruction and can even be live-saving in patients with cholangitis, all stents eventually clog, necessitating regular stent changes every 3 to 4 months. Results from several groups suggested that placing multiple stents for months to years could dilate the stricture permanently and thus also treat patients with postoperative biliary strictures palliatively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The outcome of temporary biliary stent placement for postoperative bile duct stenosis was retrospectively evaluated. This is a review of our experience with endoscopic dilation and stent placement in postoperative biliary strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with postoperative strictures diagnosed with ERCP were treated with long-term endoscopic stent placement. One 10 Fr stent was placed at first whenever possible, and stents were exchanged every 3 months for a total of 18 months as median.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four men and 26 women with mean age 42 years (range 16-69 years), and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in six and cholecystectomy (open procedure) in 24; surgical history was reviewed retrospectively. Five patients were lost to follow-up and 25 patients were followed for a median of 18 months. In all 25 patients, previous to stent placement, 8.5 or 10 Fr, a mechanical or hydrostatic dilation was necessary. Stents were exchanged every 3 months to avoid cholangitis caused by clogging. Three 10 Fr stents were inserted in one patient, two 10 Fr stents in 14 patients, one 10 Fr and one 8.5 Fr stent in nine patients, and in one patient, one 10 Fr stent. Six patients (24%) developed recurrent stenosis and required surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic treatment with mechanical or hydrostatic dilation and stent insertion may improve long-term results for patients with postoperative biliary strictures.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital de Especialidades No. 71, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Blvd. Revolución y Calle 26, C.P. 27000 Torreón, Coahuila.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güitrón-Cantú
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adalid-Martínez
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Bermúdez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors