title: Age-dependent expression of advanced glycation end product receptor genes in the human heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed by the reaction of sugars and NH2 groups of lysine and arginine residues and have been shown to accumulate in tissues, including the heart, with normal ageing. The interaction of AGEs with their receptors is known to cause changes in cell function, leading, for example, to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the gene expression of the five known AGE receptors: AGE-R1, AGE-R2, AGE-R3, the scavenger receptor II, and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) in human heart tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples were taken from the right cardiac auricles from three patient groups: children (2.4 +/- 1.1 years), adults (45.3 +/- 0.8 years) and elderly subjects (76.4 +/- 0.4 years). Analysis of gene expression of the five AGE receptors was performed using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 18S mRNA levels as loading controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show an age-dependent upregulation of the genes for AGE-R3 and the scavenger receptor II, but a downregulation for RAGE and no significant differences for AGE-R1 and AGE-R2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports a pathophysiological function for AGE receptors such as AGE-R3 and RAGE in the ageing heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casselmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reimann
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: R-E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic