title: Actor-network theory: a tool to support ethical analysis of commercial genetic testing.
abstract: Social, ethical and policy analysis of the issues arising from gene patenting and commercial genetic testing is enhanced by the application of science and technology studies, and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) in particular. We suggest the potential for transferring ANT's flexible nature to an applied heuristic methodology for gathering empirical information and for analysing the complex networks involved in the development of genetic technologies. Three concepts are explored in this paper--actor-networks, translation, and drift--and applied to the case of Myriad Genetics and their commercial BRACAnalysis genetic susceptibility test for hereditary breast cancer. Treating this test as an active participant in socio-technical networks clarifies the extent to which it interacts with, shapes and is shaped by people, other technologies, and institutions. Such an understanding enables more sophisticated and nuanced technology assessment, academic analysis, as well as public debate about the social, ethical and policy implications of the commercialization of new genetic technologies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Family Research & Homerton College, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Bryn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams-Jones
authors.forename: Janice E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D002170:Canada; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D036281:Genetic Research; D033142:Genetic Services / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000639:trends*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D038622:Internationality; D040541:Marketing; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010330:Patents as Topic; D017149:Private Sector; D011640:Public Policy; D017150:Public Sector; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D018581:Technology Transfer