title: Changes in respiratory physiological dead space and compliance during non-abdominal, upper abdominal and lower abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the temporal changes in respiratory physiological dead space and dynamic compliance of the respiratory system during non-abdominal, upper abdominal and lower abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia with intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four adult patients were studied (non-abdominal surgery, n = 8; upper abdominal surgery, n = 13 and lower abdominal surgery in lithotomy position, n = 13). Physiological dead space was measured using the single breath carbon dioxide test. The physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT), dynamic compliance of respiratory system, expiratory tidal volume and respiratory rate were measured 10 min after tracheal intubation, and 30, 60 and 120 min later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In lower abdominal surgery group, VD/VT was significantly increased at 120 min compared with 0 min (P = 0.005) and 30 min (P = 0.009). There were no significant differences in VD/VT between the three groups at any time point. Compliance decreased significantly in patients with upper abdominal (120 min) and lower abdominal surgery (60 and 120 min), but there were no significant changes during non-abdominal surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the VD/VT increased in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery in lithotomy and head down tilt, and compliance decreased in those undergoing upper abdominal and lower abdominal surgery over time.
authors.affiliation: University of Tsukuba, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. utake@yj8.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Unoki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyooka
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D045853:Exhalation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006801:Humans; D007367:Intercostal Nerves / Q000601:surgery; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011187:Posture; D012119:Respiration; D012126:Respiratory Dead Space / Q000502:physiology*; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen