title: Investigation of physical image quality indices of a bone densitometry system.
abstract: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and a deterioration of bone structure. Bone mineral density (BMD) measures bone mass and is currently the method used to diagnose osteoporosis, while computerized radiographic texture analysis (RTA) is being investigated as a measure of bone structure. The GE/Lunar PIXI peripheral bone densitometer (PD) system, which uses dual-energy subtraction to measure BMD, also provides a digital image of the heel or forearm. The goal of our current research was to evaluate the physical imaging properties of the PIXI system (pixel size of 0.2 mm) compared to a Fuji computed radiography (CR) system (pixel size of 0.1 mm) to determine its suitability for texture analysis from image data. Contrast was measured using a series of uniform images covering the useful clinical exposure range. Spatial resolution was characterized by the presampling modulation transfer function (MTF) determined by an edge method. Noise power spectra (NPS) for different exposures were calculated using a two-dimensional Fourier analysis method. The expectation modulation transfer function was measured and combined with the NPS data to calculate the noise-equivalent number of quanta. The slope of the characteristic curve of the peripheral densitometer (PD) system was found to be position dependent across the image, although this dependence was substantially reduced by use of the system's clinical-settings corrections. An MTF value of 0.5 was found at 0.5 cycles/mm for the densitometry system compared to the same value at 1.6 cycles/mm for the CR system. Unlike the CR system, the NPS of the densitometry system was found not to be directionally dependent and did not drop off at higher spatial frequencies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Joel R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: Maryellen L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Giger
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chinander
authors.forename: Tamara J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Carlin
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity