title: Evaluation and validation of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in agricultural samples.
abstract: The performance of a commercially available microtiter plate ELISA kit for the determination of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid was evaluated for sensitivity, selectivity, influence of organic solvent used for extraction procedure, matrix interference originated from agricultural sample, accuracy, and method comparison with conventional HPLC analysis. The limit of detection for the kit (0.1 or 0.5 ng/mL) was determined. The working range (1-39 ng/mL) experimentally calculated on the basis of a criterion, which is determined as the range from I(20) to I(80), was comparable to that established by the manufacturer (1-50 ng/mL). The linearity of the standard curve based on the kit-assembled standard solutions agreed with the one based on the self-made standard solutions. Specificity studies indicate that the imidacloprid monoclonal antibody can readily distinguish the target compound from other structurally related neonicotinoid analogues and some metabolites, with the exception of clothianidin, the cross-reactivity of which was approximately 12%. To extract imidacloprid from an agricultural sample (apple) as simply and rapidly as possible, some extraction methods were examined. Consequently, the extraction method with hand-shaking for 5 min was the best among the examined methods. For the analysis of imidacloprid in apple samples, it was extracted directly with methanol and the extracts were diluted 10-fold (100-fold in the well) with water prior to ELISA analysis. No significant matrix interference was observed with the dilution factor. Recoveries of imidacloprid from fortified apple samples ranged from 87.7 to 112.0%. The results obtained with the ELISA kit correlated well with those by the reference method (conventional HPLC analysis) for apple samples (r > 0.998). These findings strongly indicate that the ELISA kit may be employed routinely for an on-site imidacloprid residue analysis of apple samples.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Chemical Analysis Research Center, and Department of Research Planning and Coordination, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan. eikiw@niaes.affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Eiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Heesoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arao
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueji
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid