title: Preemptive pancreas-kidney transplantation: multidisciplinary follow-up starts too late.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preemptive pancreas-kidney transplantation is increasingly considered at early stages of nephropathy in type 1 diabetics. A multidisciplinary approach is required, but referral to the nephrologist is often delayed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the referral pattern of type 1 diabetics to a dedicated nephrology unit and to test the prevalence of indications for pancreas-kidney transplantation in this population, according to early preemptive criteria (creatinine >/= 2 mg/dL and/or nephrotic syndrome).
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting of study was the first Italian Nephrology Outpatient Unit dedicated to diabetics during 1991 to 2002. The main biochemical and clinical parameters were analyzed at referral.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety type 1 diabetics underwent at least one nephrological visit during the period; 85 had data at referral. The referral pattern was stable: 1991 to June 1996 [22 men, 24 women of median age 36 (18 to 65) years; diabetological follow-up 18.0 (3 to 37) years] and July 1996 to March 2002 [26 men, 18 women median age 40 (18 to 65); diabetological follow-up 21.5 (11 to 36) years]. The main biochemical data at referral were superimposable: serum creatinine: 1.2 (0.6 to 3.2) versus 1.3 (0.6 to 7) mg/dL; proteinuria: 0.9 (0 to 11) versus 1.01 (0.05 to 12.3) g/24 hours. Diabetes follow-up was greater in July 1996 to March 2002 [18 (3 to 37) versus 21.5 (11 to 36) years] suggesting an effect of improvements in diabetic care. At referral 76.6% were macroproteinuric 85.6% had signs of end-organ damage other than nephropathy; and 30.6% had indications for pancreas-kidney grafting (creatinine >/= 2 mg/dL: n = 6 cases; nephrotic syndrome: n = 10; or both n = 10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One new frontier of transplantation is the need for early multidisciplinary evaluation of type 1 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Nefrologia, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mezza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guarena
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burdese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bermond
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soragna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeantet
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Segoloni
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Piccoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000601:surgery*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors