title: Reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire to assess calcium intake in female collegiate athletes.
abstract: Calcium intake often is inadequate in female collegiate athletes, increasing the risk for training injuries and future osteoporosis. Thus, a brief and accurate assessment tool to quickly measure calcium intake in athletes is needed. We evaluated the reliability and validity, compared to 6 days of diet records (DRs), of the Rapid Assessment Method (RAM), a self-administered calcium checklist. Seventy-six female collegiate athletes (mean age = 18.8 yrs, range= 17- 21; 97 % Caucasian) were recruited from basketball, cross-country, field hockey, soccer, and volleyball teams. Athletes completed a RAM at the start of the training season to assess calcium intake during the past week. Two weeks later, a second RAM was completed to assess reliability, and athletes began 6 days of diet records (DRs) collection. At completion of DRs, athletes completed a final RAM, corresponding to the same time period as DRs, to assess agreement between the 2 instruments. The RAM demonstrated adequate test-retest reliability over 2 weeks (n= 56; Intraclass correlation [ICC] = 0.54, p < 0.0001) and adequate agreement with DRs (n = 34; ICC = 0.41, p = 0.0067). Calcium intake was below recommended levels, and mean estimates did not differ significantly on the RAM (823 +/- 387 mg/d) and DRs (822 +/- 330 mg/d; p = 0.988). Adequacy of calcium intake from both DRs and the RAM was classified as "inadequate" (<1000 mg/d) and "adequate" (> or = 1000 mg/d). Agreement between the RAM and DRs for adequacy classification was fair (ICC= 0.30, p = 0.042), with the RAM identifying 84% of athletes judged to have inadequate calcium intake based on DRs. The RAM briefly and accurately estimates calcium intake in female collegiate athletes compared to DRs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Community Health at the University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38157, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Kami Mays
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Melanie Burstyne
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Slawson
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Vukadinovich
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: McClanahan
authors.forename: Linda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary