title: Acoustic signatures of submicron contrast agents.
abstract: Previous studies have revealed that hard-shelled submicron contrast agents exhibit large relative expansions and strong acoustical echoes that can be observed experimentally, and predicted by theoretical simulations. In this paper, we study harmonic imaging and pulse-pair imaging techniques designed to assist in the differentiation of these contrast agents from tissue. For harmonic imaging, we apply a high-sensitivity, narrowband strategy that differentiates the microbubble from tissue based on the generation of strong harmonic echoes. For pulse-pair imaging, we apply high spatial resolution, wideband strategies using phase inversion, which relies on the frequency differences observed in response to phase-inverted pulses, and signal subtraction, which takes advantage of the amplitude differences in response to identical pulses. The bubble-to-phantom signal amplitude ratio in the absence of motion approaches 20 dB using phase inversion and 30 dB using signal subtraction; both techniques are robust for up to 50 microm of simulated motion. With the experience gained in these studies, we hope to advance the development of multi-pulse or shaped-pulse techniques that are optimized for specific clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Divia N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Susannah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dayton
authors.forename: Katherine W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004735:Energy Transfer; D008422:Materials Testing; D045423:Microbubbles; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media