title: NMR studies of a novel calcium, phosphate and fluoride delivery vehicle-alpha(S1)-casein(59-79) by stabilized amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate nanocomplexes.
abstract: The repair of early tooth enamel lesions has been recently demonstrated by tryptic phosphopeptides derived from milk caseins that associate with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) forming stable complexes. These casein phosphopeptides (CPP), containing the cluster sequence-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu-, form calcium phosphate delivery vehicles that retard enamel demineralization and promote remineralization. Recently, we have shown that these peptides also stabilize calcium fluoride phosphate as soluble complexes. These complexes designated CPP-ACFP, have the potential to provide superior clinical efficacy in preventing dental caries and treating and repairing early stages of disease. In an approach to determine the ultrastructure of the casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate complexes, we have studied the structure of the predominant peptide alpha(S1)-CN(59-79) bound to ACFP using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The alpha(S1)-CN(59-79) peptide stabilized calcium fluoride phosphate as amorphous nanocomplexes with a hydrodynamic radius of 2.12+/-0.26 nm. The nanocomplexes exhibited stoichiometry of one peptide to 15 calcium, nine phosphate and three fluoride ions. Sequence-specific resonance assignments were determined for the peptide alpha(S1)-CN(59-79) complexed to the ACFP. The secondary structure of the peptide alpha(S1)-CN(59-79) was characterized by sequential (i, i+1), medium-range (i, i+2) nOes and H alpha chemical shifts. The spectral data were compared with that of the peptide alpha(S1)-CN(59-79) bound to calcium ions, revealing that the structurally significant secondary NH and alpha-chemical shifts were similar.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Oral Health Science, School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, 711 Elizabeth Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Huq
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sum
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D032701:Biomimetics; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014357:Trypsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002364:Caseins; D007477:Ions; D010455:Peptides; D010710:Phosphates; D010748:Phosphopeptides; D011208:Powders; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014357:Trypsin; D002124:Calcium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium