title: Angiotensin converting enzyme genotype and strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Quadriceps muscle weakness is an important contributor to exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The deletion allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism has previously been associated with a greater response to strength training in healthy subjects and might, therefore, protect against detraining in these patients. In 103 stable outpatients (mean [SD] FEV(1) 34.4 [16.5] % predicted), the angiotensin deletion allele was associated with greater isometric quadriceps strength; mean (SD) 31.4 (10.8) kg for insertion homozygotes, 34.1 (13.0) kg for heterozygotes, and 38.3 (11.6) kg for deletion homozygotes (p = 0.04 linear trend). Adjusted for fat-free mass, the relationship was stronger (linear trend p = 0.007). There was no correlation between strength and genotype in a group of 101 age-matched healthy control subjects. Twitch quadriceps force in response to magnetic femoral nerve stimulation, measured in 39 patients, was also genotype dependent; 8.3 (2.6) kg for insertion homozygotes, 10.1 (3.6) kg for heterozygotes, and 12.4 (3.5) kg for deletion homozygotes (p = 0.002 linear trend). Body mass index and fat-free mass did not differ significantly between genotypes in either group. There was no association in either patients or control subjects between genotype and inspiratory muscle strength. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the deletion allele is associated with greater quadriceps strength independent of confounding factors.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, Royal Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6NP, United Kingdom. n.hopkinson@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nicholas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hopkinson
authors.forename: Annabel H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nickol
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hawe
authors.forename: William D-C
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moxham
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Polkey
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A