title: Augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder using adjunctive olanzapine: a placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of adding an atypical antipsychotic, olanzapine, to a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients aged between 18 and 65 (mean = 41.2, SD = 11.9) years meeting DSM-IV criteria for OCD, who had not responded to SRIs, were treated for 6 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled augmentation study with either olanzapine (up to 20 mg/day) or placebo. Severity of illness was assessed biweekly by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Analysis of covariance with baseline Y-BOCS score included as a covariate was used to compare improvement in Y-BOCS scores in the 2 groups. Response was defined as a 25% or greater improvement in Y-BOCS score. Data were collected between April 2001 and May 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome was assessed for all patients using the last observation carried forward. Subjects in the olanzapine group had a mean decrease of 4.2 (SD = 7.9) in Y-BOCS score compared with a mean increase in score of 0.54 (SD = 1.31) for subjects in the placebo group (F = 4.85, df = 2,23; p =.04). Six (46%) of 13 subjects in the olanzapine group showed a 25% or greater improvement in Y-BOCS score compared with none in the placebo group. The final mean dose of olanzapine was 11.2 (SD = 6.5) mg/day. Medication was well tolerated. Only 2 (15%) of 13 subjects who received olanzapine discontinued because of side effects: sedation (N = 1) or weight gain (N = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide preliminary evidence that adding olanzapine to SRIs is potentially efficacious and well tolerated in the short-term treatment of patients with refractory OCD. Controlled studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to more definitively address this treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Anxiety Disorders Program, University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. abystrit@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bystritsky
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vapnik
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gorbis
authors.forename: Karron M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Maidment
authors.forename: Sanjaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010919:Placebos; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors