title: Improvement of collateral vessels in the vicinity of gastric cardia after endoscopic variceal ligation therapy for esophageal varices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) therapy has been performed widely to treat or prevent variceal bleeding. We sought to examine the influence of EVL for esophageal varices on collateral vessels in the vicinity of gastric cardia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 42 patients with esophagogastric varices, conventional endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography with a 20-MHz probe (CUP-EUS) were performed before and at every 3 months after EVL for esophageal varices. By using conventional endoscopy, cardial variceal sizes were divided into 3 grades: F0, F1, and F2. The sizes of submucosal, perforating, and paracardial vessels at the cardia also were classified into 3 grades according to CUP-EUS findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conventional endoscopy showed cardial varices in 33 (79%) patients before and 23 (55%) patients at 3 months after the treatment (P < 0.05). CUP EUS showed that 29 (69%) patients had severe grade cardial submucosal vessels before EVL, but only 13 (31%) patients did after the treatment (P < 0.01). Nineteen (45%) patients had severe grade cardial perforating vessels before EVL, but only 4 (10%) patients did after the treatment (P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with severe grade residual submucosal or perforating vessels at the cardia had shorter recurrence-free times of esophageal varices (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collateral vessels in the vicinity of gastric cardia were improved significantly after EVL, indicating that esophageal varices can be treated by EVL even though they connect with cardial varices. Furthermore, eradication of such collateral vessels by EVL may lead to longer recurrence-free status of esophageal varices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. seno@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seno
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002299:Cardia / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D004693:Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004693:Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase