title: Effect of macrolide consumption on erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes in Finland in 1997-2001.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between regional macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes and macrolide use in Finland. During 1997-2001, a total of 50,875 S. pyogenes isolates were tested for erythromycin susceptibility in clinical microbiology laboratories throughout Finland. The local erythromycin resistance levels were compared with the regional consumption data of all macrolides pooled and, separately, with the use of azithromycin. The regional resistance rates of 1 year were compared with the regional consumption of the previous year and with the average rates of use for the 2 previous years. A linear mixed model for repeated measures was used in modeling the association. A statistically significant association existed between regional erythromycin resistance in S. pyogenes and consumption of macrolides; association with azithromycin use alone was not found.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, Turku, Finland. mihebe@utu.fi
authors.forename: Miika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Solja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huikko
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pihlajamäki
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laippala
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palva
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huovinen
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seppälä
mesh_terms: D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D018942:Macrolides; D004917:Erythromycin