title: Use of aqueous silver to enhance inactivation of coliphage MS-2 by UV disinfection.
abstract: A synergistic effect between silver and UV radiation has been observed that can appreciably enhance the effectiveness of UV radiation for inactivation of viruses. At a fluence of ca. 40 mJ/cm(2), the synergistic effect between silver and UV was observed at silver concentrations as low as 10 microg/liter (P < 0.0615). At the same fluence, an MS-2 inactivation of ca. 3.5 logs (99.97%) was achieved at a silver concentration of 0.1 mg/liter, a significant improvement (P < 0.0001) over the ca. 1.8-log (98.42%) inactivation of MS-2 at ca. 40 mJ/cm(2) in the absence of silver. Modified Chick-Watson kinetics were used to model the synergistic effect of silver and UV radiation. For an MS-2 inactivation of 4 logs (99.99%), the coefficient of dilution (n) was determined to be 0.31, which suggests that changes in fluence have a greater influence on inactivation than does a proportionate change in silver concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, U S Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA. bm8375@exmail.usma.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Butkus
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Labare
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Starke
authors.forename: King
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D003090:Coliphages / Q000187:drug effects*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver