title: Antibiotic selection pressure and resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes.
abstract: We correlated outpatient antibiotic use with prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP), macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae (MRSP), and macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes (MRGAS) in 20 countries. Total antibiotic use was correlated with PNSP (r = 0.75; p < 0.001), as was macrolide use with MRSP (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) and MRGAS (r = 0.71; p = 0.004). Streptococcal resistance is directly associated with antibiotic selection pressure on a national level.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Werner C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Albrich
authors.forename: Dominique L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harbarth
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015995:Prevalence; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents