title: "Starplasty" prevents tracheotomy complications in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The average age of children undergoing tracheotomy has declined over the years and the indications for tracheotomy have changed from acute airway obstruction due to infection, to treatment of chronically ill children. Tracheotomy-related complication rates are more numerous in younger children and in certain cases have proved to be fatal. A variety of operative techniques have been advocated for reducing the rate of tracheotomy-related morbidity and mortality. This manuscript reports on our experience with a new technique--starplasty tracheotomy (SPT)--and assesses the value of this procedure in preventing tracheotomy-related complications in infants (under 6 months old), in whom complications are more frequent and more dangerous.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children less than 6 months old who underwent tracheotomy in the Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, between the years 1999 and 2003 were studied. They were divided into two groups according to the surgical technique preferred and performed by the senior surgeon on call. Children in group 1 underwent tracheotomy by means of a regular technique and children in group 2 underwent SPT. All events related to the tracheotomy were recorded and a comparison was made between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of a total of 26 pediatric tracheotomy patients were less than 6 months old. Five underwent regular tracheotomy (RT) and six underwent SPT. Three complications were encountered in the RT group and none in the SPT group. Accidental decannulation and failure to re-insert the cannula resulted in severe hypoxemic brain damage in one patient with RT. No tracheotomy-related deaths occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience supports the existing data regarding the superiority of SPT over RT in preventing dangerous tracheotomy-related complications in infants. We, therefore, recommend performing SPT in all infants undergoing tracheotomy, even at the price of having to perform surgical closure of TCF after decannulation in some cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. ron@eliashar.com
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eliashar
authors.forename: Menachem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Attal
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hocwald
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sichel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*