title: In vivo observation of oxygen-supersaturated water in the human mouth and stomach.
abstract: In recent years, a rising number of different table waters supersaturated with oxygen have hit the market with claims of both positive health effects and an increase in athletic performance. A scientific validation of these claims needs additional knowledge on the fate of the oxygen supersaturation in the human digestive tract. Taking advantage of the fact that molecular oxygen is paramagnetic, MRI can be applied to observe the behavior of oxygen-supersaturated water after oral uptake. In this contribution we report results obtained on several healthy volunteers. On the basis of these results we can conclude that oral uptake of oxygen-supersaturated drinking water with a low content in CO(2) leads to a considerable increase in the oxygenation in the lumen of the oral cavity and of the stomach. Comparing the observed contrast changes with those brought about by conventional contrast agents, even the highly oxygen-supersaturated waters still perform rather poorly.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, München, Germany. nikolaus.nestle@physik.tu-darmstadt.de
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nestle
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nüssle-Kügele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry; D019370:Observation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen