title: Value of the clinical pulmonary infection score for the identification and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential ability of an algorithm based on the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) to identify and treat patients with bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) compared to a strategy based on quantitative cultures of bronchoscopic specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one critical care units across France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and one patients clinically suspected of having VAP who had been included in the "invasive strategy" group of the French multicenter randomized trial and for whose quantitative cultures bronchoscopic specimens were obtained. CPIS was determined retrospectively, based on data that had been collected for the initial study.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical pulmonary infection score was determined on days 1 and 3, and compared in patients identified as having developed VAP or not, as defined by bronchoscopic specimen culture results. On day 3 138 of the 201 patients (69%) had a CPIS of more than 6 that would have required prolonged antimicrobial therapy based on the algorithm. In contrast, based on bronchoscopy, only 88 (44%) patients were considered to have VAP (kappa coefficient for concordance between the two strategies, 0.33). While the sensitivity of CPIS more than 6 on day 3 for identifying VAP was 89%, its specificity was only 47%, leading to potentially unnecessary treatment of 60 (53%) of the 113 patients without VAP as diagnosed by bronchoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A strategy based on the CPIS to decide which patients with suspected VAP should receive prolonged administration of antibiotics would appear to over-prescribe these agents, as compared to a strategy based on bronchoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Médicale, Institut de Cardiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Charles-Edouard
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Luyt
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chastre
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fagon
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin