title: The physiologic basis of pain medications.
abstract: Certainly it is important for good nursing practice to know what medications are being prescribed, the desired therapeutic effects, and the anticipated undesirable side effects.  Understanding the physiologic rationale for pain medications is, therefore, basic to good nursing care of  persons with pain.  Understanding the physiology of  pain and rationale for use of  medications also underscores the importance of a good pain assessment.  Neuropathic pain often does  not respond to traditional analgesics and the nurse's assessment will assist in identifying the type of pain a person is experiencing. A knowledge of how and why medications work to manage pain is also essential in order to provide good patient and family education.  Misunderstandings can arise if individuals do not understand the rationale for their medications.  For example, a patient who receives a prescription for desipramine may learn from his pharmacist that his new medication treats depression, leading to questions about the perception of his emotional status.  Misinformation and confusion causes anxiety and can undermine trust in healthcare providers.  Therefore, the rationale for all medications should be explained to patients.  This is especially important when using medications that are not traditionally viewed as analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants.  In most circumstances,  pain can be very effectively treated.  This requires a thorough initial assessment to determine the type and cause of pain, the careful selection of interventions, systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions, and appropriate changes in the plan if optimal pain management is not achieved.  The focus of this paper is on the rationale for use of various medications to manage pain.  However, it is essential to remember that  non-pharmacological interventions are very important in managing pain and must be included in a comprehensive plan of care for pain management.
authors.forename: Debra E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Heidrich
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D006801:Humans; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018579:Patient Selection
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics