title: The application of force-sensing resistor sensors for measuring forces developed by the human hand.
abstract: Most attempts to measure forces developed by the human hand have been implemented by placing force sensors on the object of interaction. Other researchers have placed sensors just on the subject's fingertips. In this paper, a system is described that measures forces over the entire hand using thin-film sensors and associated electronics. This system was developed by the authors and is able to obtain force readings from up to 60 thin-film sensors at rates of up to 400 samples/s per sensor. The sensors can be placed anywhere on the palm and/or fingers of the hand. The sensor readings, together with a video stream containing information about hand posture, are logged into a portable computer using a multiplexer, analogue-to-digital converter and software developed for the purpose. The system has been successfully used to measure forces involved in a range of everyday tasks such as driving a vehicle, lifting saucepans and hitting a golf ball. In the latter case, results are compared with those from an instrumented golf club. Future applications include the assessment of hand strength following disease, trauma or surgery, and to enable quantitative ergonomic investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikonovas
authors.forename: A J L
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoult
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sammut
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006055:Golf / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014159:Transducers