title: Is spina bifida occulta associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction in children?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Of congenital malformations of the central nervous system 46% are abnormalities of the spinal cord, which includes spina bifida occulta. The occurrence and significance of spina bifida occulta in children with lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction were evaluated prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1999 and February 2001, 158 consecutive children presenting with lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction were prospectively evaluated for associated spinal abnormalities. Plain abdominal x-ray showed either the presence or absence of fusion of the posterior elements of the lumbar and/or sacral spinous processes. Of the 158 patients 57 (36%) had spina bifida occulta (group 1) and 101 (64%) did not (group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no correlation between clinical outcome in group 1 with spina bifida occulta and lower urinary tract dysfunction and the pattern of spina bifida occulta. Significant correlation was present between lower urinary tract dysfunction and the presence of spina bifida occulta on plain abdominal x-ray. No significant correlation was found between the presence of spina bifida occulta and spinal cord abnormalities by magnetic resonance imaging scan. There was no direct causal relation between the radiological finding and lower urinary tract dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children presenting with spina bifida occulta, and lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction have normal genitourinary tracts and absent spinal cord abnormalities. Spina bifida occulta is probably a coincidental finding and its true significance in this cohort was not established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom. madsammouhya@aol.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boddy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004775:Enuresis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016136:Spina Bifida Occulta / Q000150:complications*