title: Induced hyperlipaemia and immune challenge in locusts.
abstract: Injections of immunogens, such as beta-1,3-glucan or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bring about a marked hyperlipaemia with associated changes in lipophorins and apolipophorin-III in the haemolymph of Locusta migratoria. These changes are similar to those observed after injection of adipokinetic hormone (AKH). The possibility that endogenous AKH is released as part of the response to these immunogens is investigated using passive immunisation against AKH-I, and measurement of AKH-I titre in the haemolymph after injection of immunogens. The data presented show that, despite the similarity of the changes brought about by the presence of immunogens in the haemolymph to those brought about by AKH, there is no release of endogenous AKH after injection of laminarin or LPS. A direct effect of the immunogens on release of neutral lipids by the fat body cannot be demonstrated in vitro, and the mechanism by which hyperlipaemia is induced during immune challenge remains uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Graham J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Goldsworthy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005216:Fat Body / Q000378:metabolism; D005936:Glucans; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D005936:Glucans; D007301:Insect Hormones; D008055:Lipids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011134:Polysaccharides; C044833:adipokinetic hormone; C008247:laminaran; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid