title: CINCINNATA controls both cell differentiation and growth in petal lobes and leaves of Antirrhinum.
abstract: To understand how differentiation and growth may be coordinated during development, we have studied the action of the CINCINNATA (CIN) gene of Antirrhinum. We show that in addition to affecting leaf lamina growth, CIN affects epidermal cell differentiation and growth of petal lobes. Strong alleles of cin give smaller petal lobes with flat instead of conical cells, correlating with lobe-specific expression of CIN in the wild type. Moreover, conical cells at the leaf margins are replaced by flatter cells, indicating that CIN has a role in cell differentiation of leaves as well as petals. A weak semidominant cin allele affects cell types mainly in the petal but does not affect leaf development, indicating these two effects can be separated. Expression of CIN correlates with expression of cell division markers, suggesting that CIN may influence petal growth, directly or indirectly, through effects on cell proliferation. For both leaves and petals, CIN affects growth and differentiation of the more distal and broadly extended domains (leaf lamina and petal lobe). However, while CIN promotes growth in petals, it promotes growth arrest in leaves, possibly because of different patterns of growth control in these systems.
authors.affiliation: John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Brian C W
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Utpal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Enrico S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Coen
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D032161:Antirrhinum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division; D048429:Cell Size; D035264:Flowers / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors