title: Activation of the GLI oncogene through fusion with the beta-actin gene (ACTB) in a group of distinctive pericytic neoplasms: pericytoma with t(7;12).
abstract: Activation of the GLI oncogene is an important step in the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, and leads to, eg, tissue-specific cell proliferation during embryogenesis. GLI activity in adult tissues is restricted, but has been identified in various neoplasms, as a result of mutations in the PTCH (patched) or SMOH (smoothened) genes, encoding components of the sonic hedgehog pathway, or by amplification of GLI. Herein, we present a new mechanism of GLI activation through fusion with the beta-actin gene (ACTB) in five histologically distinctive soft tissue tumors showing a t(7;12)(p21-22;q13-15) and a pericytic phenotype. Each was composed of a perivascular proliferation of monomorphic short spindle cells that stained positively for smooth muscle actin and laminin and that showed pericytic features by electron microscopy. To date, with a median follow-up of 24 months, none has behaved in an aggressive manner. Molecular genetic analysis showed that the translocation in all cases resulted in a fusion transcript including the 5'-part of ACTB and the 3'-part of GLI. The DNA-binding zinc finger domains of GLI were retained in the fusion transcripts and it is likely that the replacement of the promoter region of GLI with that of the ubiquitously expressed ACTB gene leads to deregulation of GLI expression and its downstream target genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. anna.dahlen@klingen.lu.se
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlén
authors.forename: Christopher D M
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Perez-Atayde
authors.forename: M John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debiec-Rychter
authors.forename: Raf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sciot
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wejde
authors.forename: Rikard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wedin
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mandahl
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Panagopoulos
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D001483:Base Sequence; D002455:Cell Division; D002648:Child; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020286:Pericytes / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D007797:Laminin; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; D004247:DNA