title: Molecular characterization of the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase gene FLD1 from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica.
abstract: In this paper, we describe molecular characterization of the FLD1 gene, which encodes glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD), from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. The P. methanolica FLD1 gene contains two exons corresponding to a gene product of 380 amino acid residues and a 225 bp intron, respectively, and its deduced amino acid sequence shows high similarity to those of Fld1ps from other methylotrophic yeasts (80-88%). In P. methanolica, FLD activity is mainly induced by methanol, and this induction is not completely repressed by glucose. Moreover, the expression of the PmFLD1 is strictly regulated, mainly at the mRNA level, its expression increasing with increasing methanol concentrations in the medium. These results suggest that FLD1 is involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde in methanol metabolism, and Fld1p coordinates the formaldehyde level in methanol-grown cells according to the methanol concentration on growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan. t-nakaga@bioindustry.nodai.co.jp
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Shuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chikui
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizumura
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyaji
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yurimoto
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomizuka
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002175:Candida / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D000432:Methanol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010843:Pichia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D002244:Carbon; C020145:formaldehyde dehydrogenase (glutathione); D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; D009584:Nitrogen; D000432:Methanol