title: Galactose elimination capacity as a prognostic marker in patients with severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: 10 years' experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure may have the capacity for recovery if sufficient liver cell mass remains to allow regeneration. We investigated the prognostic potential of the galactose elimination capacity (GEC) as a noninvasive measurement of functioning liver cell mass in severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients admitted with acetaminophen poisoning during a 10-year period were studied retrospectively. A total of 220 patients who had at least one GEC performed were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GEC was lower in patients with than without hepatic encephalopathy (14.5 +/- 5.6 micromol/min/kg vs. 23.2 +/- 6.7 micromol/min/kg; P < 0.0001). Among patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the GEC was significantly higher in spontaneous survivors than in nonsurvivors (16.8 +/- 5.6 micromol/min/kg vs. 12.2 +/- 4.7 micromol/min/kg; P < 0.0001). In a logistic regression analysis, GEC was associated independently with mortality (odds ratio: 1.28 per 1 micromol/min/kg decrease in GEC; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.45). A threshold GEC of 16.5 micromol/min/kg to identify nonsurvivors had a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 72%, a positive predictive value of 49%, and a negative predictive value of 96%. None of 14 patients with hepatic encephalopathy and a GEC less than 10 micromol/min/kg survived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GEC was strongly associated with development of hepatic encephalopathy and death from acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure. The GEC was too unspecific to be used alone for identification of transplantation candidates, but it may be useful as a supplement to other selection criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology A, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. lars.schmidt@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Lars E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tygstrup
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000506:poisoning*; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000506:poisoning*; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000082:Acetaminophen; D005690:Galactose