title: The cytotoxicity and mechanisms of 1,2-naphthoquinone thiosemicarbazone and its metal derivatives against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
abstract: We have investigated the antitumor functions and mechanisms of 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-thiosemicarbazone (NQTS) and its metal complexes (Cu(2+), Pd(2+), and Ni(2+)) against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The cells were dosed with these complexes at varying concentrations, and cell viability was measured by a sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. To study mechanisms of action, the complexes were incubated with topoisomerase II (topo II) and supercoiled DNA, linear DNA, nicked open DNA, and relaxed DNA were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results revealed that these complexes are effective antitumor chemicals in inhibiting MCF-7 cell growth, with Ni-NQTS being the most effective among the complexes studied. Our data also indicated that Ni-NQTS is more effective than the commercial antitumor drug, etoposide, based on IC(50) values. The mechanistic study of action showed that metal complexes of NQTS, NQ, and NQTS can only stabilize the single-strand nicked DNA, but not double-strand breakage intermediates. In addition, metal derivatives of these ligands, but not the parent NQ and NQTS, exerted an antagonizing effect on topoisomerase II activity. In summary, chemicals with or without metal derivatives might possess different chemical-topoisomerase II-DNA interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Junnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yue-wern
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guanshu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Afrasiabi
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sinn
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Padhye
authors.forename: Yinfa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008670:Metals; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; C005272:naftazone