Emotional resilience: risk and protective factors for depression among alternative education students in New Zealand.
A total of 268 alternative education students from New Zealand were surveyed to examine risk and protective factors for depression within the social environment. Twenty-eight (35.4%) of the girls and 31 (21.1%) of the boys had cut-off scores that indicated a high likelihood of significant psychopathology from depression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that family and peer connections were protective against depression. High levels of poverty, witnessing violence at home, and experiencing bullying at school were significant risk factors for depression.
Denny
Simon
S
Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. sdenny@middlemore.co.nz
Clark
Terryann C
TC
Fleming
Terry
T
Wall
Melanie
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004519:Education, Special; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010379:Peer Group; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence