title: Escalated hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a clinical phase II trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility, toxicity and the efficacy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with escalated hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy (EHART) combined with chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EHART consisted of irradiation delivered twice per day with >6-h interval and five treatment days per week. In the first and second weeks, 1.2 Gy/fraction b.i.d, was given, and then 1. /fraction b.i.d in the third week; 1.4 Gy/fraction b.i.d in the fourth week; and 1. /fraction b.i.d in the fifth week, respectively. The total tumor dose delivered was 66 Gy/50 fractions/5 weeks. All patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapeutic regimen used was either MVP (mitomycin C, vindesine, cis-platinum), or EP (etoposide and cis-platinum).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From February 1997 to February 1999, 73 eligible patients were registered. All were in stage IIIb with median age of 60 years (33-70). Of the 73 patients, 12 cases were withdrawn from the study due to Grade (Gr) III acute complications, distant metastases, or intercurrent diseases. Sixty-one patients completed the combined treatment as planned. A median of 4 cycles of chemotherapy (1-7) was administered and 66 Gy/50 fractions/36 days was delivered finally. The most common acute complication was radiation esophagitis, which occurred in 56 cases (77%), with Gr III in 11 cases (15%). Twenty-nine patients (40%) had acute pulmonary toxicity; with Gr III in 6 cases (8%). The median survival time was 13 months for the entire group. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 51 and 10%, respectively. Of the 61 patients who finished EHART, 34 were found to have locoregional progression. Thirty-two patients failed inside radiation fields, and 2 patients, outside radiation fields. The 1-year and 2-year locoregional progression-free rates were 71 and 34%, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year distant metastasis rates were 57 and 84%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EHART combined with chemotherapy could be tolerated by most of the stage IIIb NSCLC patients with acceptable complications. Locoregional control was improved, but the long survival was not prolonged significantly predominantly due to distant metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, 399 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Yuan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hua-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Kai-Liang
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome