title: Role of estrogen receptor-related antigen in initiating the growth of human glioma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of estrogen receptor-related antigen (ER-D5) has been demonstrated in many tumors, including those of the brain, but the actual role of ER-D5 in cell growth is unknown. The authors evaluated the role of ER-D5 in the growth of gliomas in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines A172, T98G, U87MG, and U118MG; rat C6 glioma and 9L gliosarcoma; AS human astrocytoma; GBM in primary culture and tumor tissues; and normal brain tissues were examined for ER-D5 by using immunohistochemical, Western immunoblot, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The ER-D5 was detected in all tumor cell types of human origin, but not in rat cell lines and normal brain; the expression of ER-D5 was not related to cell cycle phase. Kinetic analysis of ER-D5 expression in cultured cell lines revealed that an enhanced and sharp accumulation of ER-D5 occurred during the first 24 hours of culture, followed by a sharp fall in the next 24 hours. Gradual decreases of ER-D5 during the subsequent days were demonstrated in all human cell lines, and in primary cultures of GBM. This accumulation pattern of ER-D5 was confirmed on Western blot analysis. The ER-D5 was also detected in cells cultured in serum-free medium. Culture cells were treated with D5 antibody against ER-D5 for 48 hours and the effects were evaluated using a monotetrazolium colorimetric assay; the result revealed that growth of cultured cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and that addition of a single median inhibitory concentration dose resulted in complete growth inhibition and arrest of cell growth at the G0/G1 phase at 96 hours posttreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicated that synthesis and accumulation of ER-D5 is an essential event in the very early phase of in vitro growth of human gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. humayunkhalid@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M Humayun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: Shobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadel
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ammerman
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Caputy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C059917:ERD5 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen