title: The effects of arm cranking exercise and training on platelet aggregation in male spinal cord individuals.
abstract: Platelet aggregation at rest and in responses to exercise and training were compared between spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals (N=5) and able-bodied subjects (N=7). All participants performed arm cranking exercise at 60-65% VO(2peak) for 30 min. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after sub-maximal exercise and measured for platelet aggregation using ADP and collagen. To assess the effects of arm cranking training, platelet aggregation was re-measured in all subjects at rest and in response to the sub-maximal arm cranking exercise after 12 weeks of individually supervised training programme. Before training, the resting mean values of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen were not different (P>0.05) between SCI and able-bodied. However the SCI individuals, but not the able-bodied subjects, exhibited a significantly (P<0.05) higher maximal platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen following sub-maximal arm cranking exercise. Although VO(2peak) after training was significantly increased (P<0.05) in both groups, the resting mean values of platelet aggregation induced with ADP and collagen were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those observed before training and were not different (P>0.05) between SCI and able-bodied. Post-training, the SCI individuals, but not able-bodied individuals, exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.05) in platelet aggregation following sub-maximal arm cranking exercise and this occurred with both ADP and collagen. These results suggest that SCI individuals, but not normal subjects increase their platelet aggregation following sub-maximal arm cranking exercise. Furthermore, arm cranking training in SCI individuals, appears to diminish the percentage of platelet aggregation ex vivo.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. m.s.elsayed@livjm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mahmoud S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Younesian
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Fyaz M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: El-Sayed Ali
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003094:Collagen; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D003094:Collagen