title: Frontal sinus complications after frontal craniotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review frontal sinus complications following frontal craniotomy and to describe management strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review was made of six patients who had undergone frontal craniotomy and subsequently developed frontal sinus complications. Demographic data, indication for craniotomy, type of reconstruction, average time to development of complications, presenting symptoms, diagnosis, surgical management, follow-up, and outcomes were reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complications included unilateral frontal sinus mucoceles in four patients, bilateral frontal sinus mucoceles in one patient, and bilateral frontal sinus mucopyoceles with upper-eyelid abscess in one patient. The average time to presentation of symptoms and development of complications following frontal craniotomy was 14.8 years (range, 1-39 y). Headaches were the most common presenting complaint. All patients underwent endoscopic mucocele marsupialization as part of their management. After an average follow-up period of 9 months, no recurrences were found and no complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small number of patients develop otolaryngological complications, most commonly, frontal mucoceles, following frontal craniotomy. A high level of suspicion and long-term surveillance are needed to monitor for their occurrence. Endoscopic marsupialization may provide an effective, safe means for management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meetze
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000601:surgery*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed