title: Cytokines in the gastric mucosa of children with Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have looked at the cytokine profile in gastric mucosa in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. This study investigated cytokines and their effects on histological abnormalities in the gastric mucosa of children with H. pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-8 proteins were measured in biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum and corpus of children with H. pylori infection, and related to inflammatory cell infiltrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antral and corporal mucosal levels of IFN-gamma and IL-8 proteins were significantly higher in children with H. pylori infection than in uninfected children, but there was no such difference in the levels of IL-4 protein. The antral mucosal level of IL-8 protein was significantly higher than the corporal mucosal level of IL-8 protein in the infected children. Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly higher in the infected children than in the uninfected children, but there were no significant correlations between mucosal cytokine levels and inflammatory cell infiltrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the predominant Th1 cytokine response and enhanced IL-8 production in the mucosa may be involved in the gastric inflammation seen in children infected with H. pylori, as well as in adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tsimizut@aol.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haruna
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma