title: Fetal neurobehavioral development: a tale of two cities.
abstract: Longitudinal neurobehavioral development was examined in 237 fetuses of low-risk pregnancies from 2 distinct populations--Baltimore, Maryland, and Lima. Peru--at 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 38 weeks gestation. Data were based on digitized Doppler-based fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal movement (FM). In both groups. FHR declined while variability, episodic accelerations, and FM-FHR coupling increased, with discontinuities evident between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. Fetuses in Lima had higher FHR and lower variability, accelerations, and FM-FHR coupling. Declines in trajectories were typically observed 1 month sooner in Lima, which magnified these disparities. Motor activity differences were less consistent. No sex differences in fetal neurobehaviors were detected. It is concluded that population factors can influence the developmental niche of the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jdipietr@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: DiPietro
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caulfield
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Costigan
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merialdi
authors.forename: Ruby H N
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zavaleta
authors.forename: Edith D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gurewitsch
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003469:Culture; D003710:Demography; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010568:Peru; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000208:ethnology*; D014481:United States