title: Behavioral characterization of the novel GABAB receptor-positive modulator GS39783 (N,N'-dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine): anxiolytic-like activity without side effects associated with baclofen or benzodiazepines.
abstract: The role of GABAB receptors in various behavioral processes has been largely defined using the prototypical GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. However, baclofen induces sedation, hypothermia and muscle relaxation, which may interfere with its use in behavioral paradigms. Although there is much evidence for a role of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the pathophysiology of anxiety, the role of GABAB receptors in these disorders is largely unclear. We recently identified GS39783 (N,N'-dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine) as a selective allosteric positive modulator at GABAB receptors. The aim of the present study was to broadly characterize the effects of GS39783 in well-validated rodent models for motor activity, cognition, and anxiety. The following tests were included: locomotor activity in rats and mice, rotarod and traction tests (including determinations of core temperature) in mice, passive avoidance in mice and rats, elevated plus maze in rats, elevated zero maze in mice and rats, stress-induced hyperthermia in mice, and pentobarbital- and ethanol-induced sleep in mice. Unlike baclofen and/or the benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide, GS39783 had no effect in any of the tests for locomotion, cognition, temperature, or narcosis. Most interestingly, GS39783 had anxiolytic-like effects in all the tests used. Overall, the data obtained here suggest that positive modulation of GABAB receptors may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the development of anxiolytics, with a superior side effect profile to both baclofen and benzodiazepines.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Program, Neuroscience Research, The Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research WSJ 386.344, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland. john_f.cryan@pharma.novartis.com
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cryan
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Frederique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chaperon
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gentsch
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mombereau
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lingenhoehl
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Froestl
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bettler
authors.forename: Klemens
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaupmann
authors.forename: Will P J M
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Spooren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001418:Baclofen / Q000009:adverse effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058786:GABA-B Receptor Agonists; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000378:metabolism; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors; D014143:Traction
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D018755:GABA Agonists; D058786:GABA-B Receptor Agonists; C478058:N,N'-dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001418:Baclofen