title: Lead levels in primary teeth of children living in Mexico City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to discover the lead concentration in primary teeth extracted in the peripheral clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, UNAM (Mexico City).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred healthy primary teeth were collected from 2 to 13-year-old children (52 girls and 48 boys). Sixty-six were maxillary teeth and 34 were mandibular teeth. Lead concentrations were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that lead concentration in the 10-13-year-old group (7.7 micro g/g(-1)) was higher than in the other groups. Geometric mean lead concentration was higher in girls than in boys (7.3 micro g/g(-1) and 6.3 micro g/g(-1), respectively). Maxillary teeth had higher lead concentrations than mandibular teeth and primary canines showed the highest mean lead concentration followed by incisors and molars. Teeth from children living in the south-east area (which according to the Mexico City's Pollution Center data is the more polluted area), presented the highest lead concentration but no statistically significant difference was found among teeth from the different areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that age, gender and place of residence are not related to the lead concentration in human primary teeth. This fact seems to indicate the ubiquitous presence of lead in the whole atmosphere of Mexico City and suggests that zones of residence do not appear to influence tooth lead concentration.
authors.affiliation: División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico. jcarlosh@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hernández-Guerrero
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Farfán
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belmont
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ledesma-Montes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003481:Cuspid / Q000737:chemistry; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D008800:Mexico; D008963:Molar / Q000737:chemistry; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead