title: Mechanism of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy using mouse cDNA microarray.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The liver has the capacity to regenerate after partial hepatectomy. In order to clarify the mechanism of liver regeneration, we observed the initial stage, especially the mechanism of gene expression during progress from G0 to S phase (0-24 h), and attempted to identify new genes controlling progress to the S phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied large-scale gene expression analysis with complementary DNA microarrays in mouse hepatectomy models to clarify the mechanism of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result, 23 new immediate-early gene candidates such as interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-1 and karyopherin alpha-1, which are involved in transportation within the nucleus, were discovered. Candidates for new genes concerned with the progress to the S phase were discovered: inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) and inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (ID3), both new liver regeneration factors that promoted progress to the S phase, and GADD45 gamma (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein) as a factor inhibiting that process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above results not only suggest the importance of NFkappaB in the initial stage of liver regeneration but also points to the orderly maintenance of the proliferation of the cells in liver regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan. togo@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Togo
authors.forename: Hirochika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashizaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation