title: Effect of storage on the essential oil composition of Piper nigrum L. fruits of different ripening states.
abstract: The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil from black, green, and white pepper was determined by using a simultaneous distillation and extraction micromethod for oil isolation and gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detection (FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis techniques. The most abundant compounds in pepper oils were (E)-beta-caryophyllene (1.4-70.4%), limonene (2.9-38.4%), beta-pinene (0.7-25.6%), Delta-3-carene (1.7-19.0%), sabinene (0-12.2%), alpha-pinene (0.3-10.4%), eugenol (0.1-41.0%), terpinen-4-ol (0-13.2%), hedycaryol (0-9.1%), beta-eudesmol (0-9.7%), and caryophyllene oxide (0.1-7.2%). Green pepper corn obtained by a sublimation drying method gave more oil (12.1 mg/g) and a much higher content of monoterpenes (84.2%) in the oil than air-dried green pepper corn (0.8 mg/g and 26.8%, respectively). The oil from ground black pepper contained more monoterpenes and less sesquiterprnes and oxygenated terpenoids as compared to green and white pepper oils. After 1 year of storage of pepper samples in a glass vessel at room temperature, the amount of the oils isolated decreased, the content of terpenes decreased, and the amount of oxygenated terpenoids increased. Differently from other pepper samples, 1 year storage of green pepper corn raised the oil amount more than twice of both drying methods.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tallinn Technical University, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia. aorav@chemnet.ee
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stulova
authors.forename: Tiiu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kailas
authors.forename: Mati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müürisepp
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D029222:Piper nigrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes