title: Electrical heterogeneity of canine right ventricular transient outward potassium currents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some studies have confirmed that the right ventricular walls of most rodents, such as canines and humans, have evident transient outward potassium current (Ito1) heterogeneity, and this heterogeneity is closely related to J point elevation, J wave formation, and some ventricular tachycardias such as ventricular fibrillations caused by Brugada syndrome. This study is designed to investigate transmural electrical heterogeneity of the canine right ventricle during repolarization (phase 1) from the viewpoint of 4-aminopyridine sensitive and calcium-independent Ito1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult canine single right ventricular epicardial (Epi) cells, mid-myocardial (M) cells, and endocardial (Endo) cells were enzymatically dissociated. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings were made to compare the Ito1 values of the three cell types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 37 degrees C and using 0.2 Hz and +70 mV depolarizing test potentials, the average peak Ito1 values of Epi cells and M cells averaged (4070 +/- 1720) pA and (3540 +/- 1840) pA, respectively. The activated and inactivated Epi and M cells kinetic processes were in accordance with the Boltzmann distribution. Compared with Ito1 in Epi cells and M cells, the average peak Ito1 in Endo cells was very low, averaged (470 +/- 130) pA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that there are evident differences and potent gradients in Ito1 between the three cardiac cell types, especially between Epi and Endo cells. These differences are among the prominent manifestations of right ventricular electrical heterogeneity, and may form an important ionic basis and prerequisite for some malignant arrhythmias in the right ventricle, including those arising from Brugada syndrome and other diseases.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences; Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Cui-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels