title: Specification of the retinal fate of mouse embryonic stem cells by ectopic expression of Rx/rax, a homeobox gene.
abstract: With the goal of generating retinal cells from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by exogenous gene transfer, we introduced the Rx/rax transcription factor, which is expressed in immature retinal cells, into feeder-free mouse ES cells (CCE). CCE cells expressing Rx/rax as well as enhanced green fluorescent protein (CCE-RX/E cells) proliferated and remained in the undifferentiated state in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor, as did parental ES cells. We made use of mouse embryo retinal explant cultures to address the differentiation ability of grafted ES cells. Dissociated embryoid bodies were treated with retinoic acid for use as donor cells and cocultured with retina explants for 2 weeks. In contrast to the parental CCE cells, which could not migrate into host retinal cultures, CCE-RX/E cells migrated into the host retina and extended their process-like structures between the host retinal cells. Most of the grafted CCE-RX/E cells became located in the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers and expressed ganglion and horizontal cell markers. Furthermore, these grafted cells had the electrophysiological properties expected of ganglion cells. Our data thus suggest that subpopulations of retinal neurons can be generated in retinal explant cultures from grafted mouse ES cells ectopically expressing the transcription factor Rx/rax.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: Haruyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004594:Electrophysiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C088975:Vsx2 protein, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins