title: Metal ion release from new and recycled stainless steel brackets.
abstract: As orthodontic appliances can corrode with time in the oral environment, the aim of this study was to compare the release of metal ions from new and recycled brackets immersed in buffers of different pH values over a 48 week period. To simulate commercial recycling, the stainless steel brackets were divided into two groups: new and recycled. The bases of the latter were coated with adhesive and the brackets were heat treated before being immersed in the test solution for 48 weeks. The release of nickel, chromium, iron, copper, cobalt and manganese ions was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Differences were compared using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that recycled brackets released more ions than new brackets (P < 0.05). Brackets immersed in solutions of pH 4 released more ions than those immersed in solutions of pH 7, and the total amount of ions released increased with time over the 48 week period (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that both new and recycled brackets will corrode in the oral environment. To avoid clinical side-effects, metal brackets should be made more resistant to corrosion, and recycled brackets should not be used.
authors.affiliation: Dental Department, Chung Shan Medical Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsui-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shinn-Jyh
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Chia-Tze
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D008670:Metals; D002857:Chromium; D003035:Cobalt; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron