title: Spectrophotometric analysis of all-ceramic materials and their interaction with luting agents and different backgrounds.
abstract: In this study, two All-Ceramic (AC) materials--Empress 2 (EMP) (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and In-Ceram ALUMINA (ICA) (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany)--were analyzed, along with the effects of 3 luting agents-viz. Zinc Phosphate cement (ZNPO, PhospaCEM PL, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC, Ketac-Cem Radiopaque, ESPE Dental AG, Seefeld, Germany), and Compolute (COMP, ESPE Dental AG, Seefeld, Germany)--on the final color, using the CIELab system. Color differences (DeltaL, Deltaa, Deltab, and DeltaE) were calculated for samples with luting agents and for samples without luting agents with standard white and black backgrounds, with the use of a spectrophotometer, Luci 100 (Dr. Lange, Berlin, Germany). One-way ANOVA for DeltaL, Deltaa, Deltab, and DeltaE within both the AC systems, with and without luting agents, showed significant contributions of the background (p < 0.05). EMP was seen to be more translucent than ICA. Darker ceramics showed less color variation. Luting agents altered the final color of the restoration. ZNPO was least translucent, followed by GIC and COMP. Marginal increases in thicknesses of ICA samples (0.4 mm) do not show a statistically significant color difference. No method exists to predict the outcome of an AC restoration based on consideration of the luting agent and the background color.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School (Zentrum für Zahn, Mund und Kieferheilkunde), University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 32, 50931 Cologne, Germany. vs.barath@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Barath
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westland
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niedermeier
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C418025:Compolute; D003738:Dental Cements; C118557:Empress 2; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C483026:In-Ceram Alumina; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C078532:Ketac Cem Radiopaque; D015036:Zinc Phosphate Cement