title: The percent of biopsy cores positive for cancer is a predictor of advanced pathological stage and poor clinical outcomes in patients treated with radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined if the percent of positive biopsies is associated with features of biologically aggressive prostate cancer, biochemical progression and development of distant metastases in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate analyses of preoperative features in 605 consecutive patients who underwent RP for clinically localized disease were evaluated to determine the association between the percent positive biopsy cores (PosBx), pathological stage and grade, and biochemical progression following RP. The percent of PosBx cores was defined using the formula, (number of positive biopsy cores/total number of biopsy cores) x 100.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of biopsy cores and percent PosBx cores +/- SE was 8.8 +/- 6.0 and 31.4 +/-21.1, respectively. Higher percent PosBx was significantly associated with higher preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA), extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, positive surgical margins, higher final Gleason sum, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and metastases to regional lymph nodes. On multivariate analyses adjusted for the effects of standard preoperative features percent PosBx was associated with nonorgan confined disease, seminal vesicle invasion and biochemical progression after surgery (p = 0.049, 0.050 and 0.006, respectively). Percent PosBx retained its independent association with PSA progression after adjustment for the effects of postoperative pathological features (p = 0.015). Higher percent PosBx was associated with shorter PSA doubling time after PSA progression, and an increased risk of distant metastases and overall mortality (p = 0.039, 0.001 and 0.018, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percent PosBx is associated with established pathological features, biochemical progression, distant metastases and overall death in patients who undergo RP for clinically localized disease. Percent PosBx should be included in preoperative predictive models for prognosticating outcomes after primary treatment and it may assist in selecting patients for inclusion in neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy trials.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA. Yair.Lotan@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
authors.forename: Seyed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Khoddami
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saboorian
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Koeneman
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
authors.forename: Arthur I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Sagalowsky
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Claus G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate