Human exposure assessment resources on the World Wide Web.
Human exposure assessment is frequently noted as a weak link and bottleneck in the risk assessment process. Fortunately, the World Wide Web and Internet are providing access to numerous valuable sources of human exposure assessment-related information, along with opportunities for information exchange. Internet mailing lists are available as potential online help for exposure assessment questions, e.g. RISKANAL has several hundred members from numerous countries. Various Web sites provide opportunities for training, e.g. Web sites offering general human exposure assessment training include two from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and four from the US National Library of Medicine. Numerous other Web sites offer access to a wide range of exposure assessment information. For example, the (US) Alliance for Chemical Awareness Web site addresses direct and indirect human exposures, occupational exposures and ecological exposure assessments. The US EPA's Exposure Factors Program Web site provides a focal point for current information and data on exposure factors relevant to the United States. In addition, the International Society of Exposure Analysis Web site provides information about how this society seeks to foster and advance the science of exposure analysis. A major opportunity exists for risk assessors and others to broaden the level of exposure assessment information available via Web sites. Broadening the Web's exposure information could include human exposure factors-related information about country- or region-specific ranges in body weights, drinking water consumption, etc. along with residential factors-related information on air changeovers per hour in various types of residences. Further, country- or region-specific ranges on how various tasks are performed by various types of consumers could be collected and provided. Noteworthy are that efforts are underway in Europe to develop a multi-country collection of exposure factors and the European Commission is in the early stages of planning and developing a Web-accessible information system (EIS-ChemRisks) to serve as a single gateway to all major European initiatives on human exposure to chemicals contained and released from cleaning products, textiles, toys, etc.
Schwela
Dieter
D
Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, TP 460, I-21020 Ispra (VA), Italy. dieter.schwela@jrc.it
Hakkinen
Pertti J
PJ
D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014116:Toxicology; D014481:United States