title: Poly(A)+ RNAs roam the cell nucleus and pass through speckle domains in transcriptionally active and inactive cells.
abstract: Many of the protein factors that play a role in nuclear export of mRNAs have been identified, but still little is known about how mRNAs are transported through the cell nucleus and which nuclear compartments are involved in mRNA transport. Using fluorescent 2'O-methyl oligoribonucleotide probes, we investigated the mobility of poly(A)+ RNA in the nucleoplasm and in nuclear speckles of U2OS cells. Quantitative analysis of diffusion using photobleaching techniques revealed that the majority of poly(A)+ RNA move throughout the nucleus, including in and out of speckles (also called SC-35 domains), which are enriched for splicing factors. Interestingly, in the presence of the transcription inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, the association of poly(A)+ RNA with speckles remained dynamic. Our results show that RNA movement is energy dependent and that the proportion of nuclear poly(A)+ RNA that resides in speckles is a dynamic population that transiently interacts with speckles independent of the transcriptional status of the cell. Rather than the poly(A)+ RNA within speckles serving a stable structural role, our findings support the suggestion of a more active role of these regions in nuclear RNA metabolism and/or transport.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.forename: Abadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdulle
authors.forename: Aarti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gena
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tanke
authors.forename: Roeland W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Dirks
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003839:Deoxyadenosines / Q000378:metabolism; D004004:Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole / Q000378:metabolism; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D039103:Poly(A)-Binding Protein II / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C114557:5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester; D003839:Deoxyadenosines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D009843:Oligoribonucleotides; D039103:Poly(A)-Binding Protein II; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012235:Rhodamines; D000068103:Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors; D004004:Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole; C058120:cordycepin