title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for the treatment of failed in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and habitual abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To apply preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for the treatment of patients with a history of failed IVF-ET or habitual aborters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary center for assisted reproduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four couples with failed IVF-ET after >2 IVF cycles and 64 couples with >2 spontaneous abortions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were prepared for oocyte retrieval using standard controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols after standard laboratory techniques. Blastomeres from 6- to 8-cell embryos were analysed using fluorescence in situ hybridization with commercial chromosomal probes, and normoploid embryos were transferred on day 3 after fertilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy and implantation rates and live births.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both 3- and 5-probe PGD resulted in a significantly higher outcome than controls for failed IVF-ET. Five-probe PGD appeared to be more suitable for habitual aborters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study suggests that 3-probe PGD is a valid option for failed IVF-ET patients. The use of five or more probes is indicated for habitual aborters.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Biology, Clinica Villa del Sole, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilding
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hogewind
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Matteo
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zullo
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cappiello
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dale
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies