title: Regulation of LPS-mediated inflammation in vivo and in vitro by the thiol antioxidant Nacystelyn.
abstract: Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in various lung diseases. Redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappaB regulate gene transcription for these cytokines. We therefore studied the effect of a new thiol antioxidant compound, Nacystelyn (NAL), on IL-8 regulation in a human macrophage-derived cell line (THP-1). LPS (10 microg/ml) increased IL-8 release compared with control levels. This LPS activation was inhibited by coincubation with NAL (1 and 5 mM). Pretreatment with cycloheximide or okadaic acid, protein synthesis, and serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors, respectively, did not modify inhibition of IL-8 release caused by NAL. NF-kappaB and C/EBP DNA binding were increased after LPS treatment compared with control, an effect inhibited by cotreatment with NAL. Activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding was unaffected. The enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis produced by conditioned media from LPS-treated cells was inhibited when cells were cotreated with NAL. The selectivity of NAL inhibition upon IL-8 expression was studied. LPS-treated THP-1 cells also had higher levels of TNF-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and -3, MIP-1alpha and -beta, and RANTES gene expression. However, only LPS-induced IL-8 and TGF-beta1 expressions were inhibited by NAL. An anti-inflammatory effect of NAL was confirmed in vivo as shown by a reduction in LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following instillation of NAL into the lungs. Our studies demonstrate that NAL has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo, may therefore have a therapeutic role in lung inflammation, and has the advantage over other antioxidant agents in that it may be administrated by inhalation.
authors.affiliation: Edinburgh Lung and Environment Group Initiative/Colt Research Laboratories, Department of Medical & Radiological Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antonicelli
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Maryline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parmentier
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Drost
authors.forename: Nik
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirani
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: MacNee
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C086501:N-acetylcysteine lysinate; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D003513:Cycloheximide; D008239:Lysine; D000111:Acetylcysteine