title: DNA aneuploidy and integration of human papillomavirus type 16 e6/e7 oncogenes in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasingly deregulated expression of the E6-E7 oncogenes of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) has been identified as the major transforming factor in the pathogenesis of cervical dysplasia and derived cancers. The expression of these genes in epithelial stem cells first results in chromosomal instability and induces chromosomal aneuploidy. It is speculated that this subsequently favors integration of HR-HPV genomes into cellular chromosomes. This in turn leads to expression of viral cellular fusion transcripts and further enhanced expression of the E6-E7 oncoproteins. Chromosomal instability and aneuploidization thus seems to precede and favor integration of HR-HPV genomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  To prove this sequential concept, we analyzed here the sequence of events of DNA aneuploidization and integration in a series of HPV-16-positive cervical dysplastic lesions and carcinomas. Eighty-five punch biopsies of HPV-16-positive cervical lesions (20 CIN1/2, 50 CIN3, and 15 CxCa) were analyzed for DNA ploidy by DNA flow cytometry and for integration of HPV E6/E7 oncogenes using the amplification of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts assay, a reverse transcription-PCR method to detect integrate-derived human papillomavirus oncogene transcripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA aneuploidy and viral genome integration were both associated with increasing dysplasia (P < 0.001, chi(2) test for trend). In addition, DNA aneuploidy was associated with increased viral integration (P < 0.01, Fisher's exact test). Nineteen of 20 (95%) lesions with integrated viral genomes had aneuploid cell lines; however, only 19 of 32 (59%) lesions with aneuploid cell lines had integrated viral genomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the hypothesis that aneuploidization precedes integration of HR-HPV genomes in the progression of cervical dysplasia. Accordingly, deregulated viral oncogene expression appears to result first in chromosomal instability and aneuploidization and is subsequently followed by integration of HR-HPV genomes in the affected cell clones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical School, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melsheimer
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinokurova
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wentzensen
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bastert
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Knebel Doeberitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000782:Aneuploidy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000235:genetics; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16