title: Kyphosis of the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine in the pediatric patient: surgical treatment.
abstract: Kyphosis of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine is a common deformity in pediatric and adolescent populations. When it progresses to the point at which nonsurgical treatment is no longer an option, surgery is indicated. Surgical options available for the treatment of different types of pediatric kyphosis of the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine include posterior instrumentation and fusion, posterior instrumentation and fusion combined with anterior fusion, and anterior instrumentation and fusion.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Orthopaedic Spine Surgery, Woodridge Orthopaedic and Spine Center PC, Wheat Ridge, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae