title: Semiquantitative study of current coffee, caffeine, and ethanol intake in essential tremor cases and controls.
abstract: There are several reasons to study caffeine, coffee, and ethanol intake in essential tremor (ET) patients. ET patients also might modify their use of these beverages because of their effects on tremor. Intake of caffeine, coffee, and ethanol has not been quantified in a group of ET patients. Our objective is to use a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to compare current daily intake of coffee, caffeine, and ethanol in ET patients and controls. A total of 130 ET cases were patients at the Neurological Institute of New York, and 175 controls were ascertained by random digit dialing. Caffeine (in milligrams) and ethanol (in grams) intake were calculated from a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Mean daily caffeine intake in patients was 138.4 versus 246.6 mg in controls; medians were 101.1 versus 175.5 mg (P < 0.001). Mean daily ethanol intake in patients was 8.2 versus 6.2 gm in controls; medians were 2.4 versus 1.9 gm (P = 0.89). Cases drank less coffee than controls, but drank similar amounts of tea, soft drinks, fruit juices, and milk. Daily caffeine intake was not correlated with tremor severity or duration. ET patients consumed less caffeine than did controls, which is likely to be a dietary modification in response to tremor. The observation that caffeine consumption was not correlated with tremor severity raises the additional possibility that lower caffeine consumption in ET patients may not exclusively be a response to tremor. A prospective study is needed to explore whether decreased caffeine consumption is a risk factor for ET.
authors.affiliation: The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. EDL2@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Elan D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: Eva C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jurewicz
authors.forename: Lakeisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Luchsinger
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Factor-Litvak
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parides
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003069:Coffee; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003069:Coffee; D002110:Caffeine; D000431:Ethanol