title: Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
abstract: DNA adjuvants and whole bacterial cell vaccines against bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were tested in juvenile chinook salmon. Whole cell vaccines of either a nonpathogenic Arthrobacter spp. or an attenuated Renibacterium salmoninarum strain provided limited prophylactic protection against acute intraperitoneal challenge with virulent R. salmoninarum, and the addition of either synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides or purified R. salmoninarum genomic DNA as adjuvants did not increase protection. However, a combination of both whole cell vaccines significantly increased survival among fish naturally infected with R. salmoninarum, and the surviving fish treated with the combination vaccine exhibited reduced levels of bacterial antigens in the kidney. This is the first demonstration of a potential therapeutic effect of a whole cell vaccine against BKD.
authors.affiliation: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. linda.rhodes@noaa.gov
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Cindra K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rathbone
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: Lee W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Strom
mesh_terms: D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000382:microbiology; D008835:Micrococcaceae / Q000276:immunology*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012474:Salmon; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D019444:Vaccines, DNA