title: Beta-catenin simultaneously induces activation of the p53-p21WAF1 pathway and overexpression of cyclin D1 during squamous differentiation of endometrial carcinoma cells.
abstract: The functional consequences of up-regulation of beta-catenin as a transcription factor are complex in different tumors. To clarify roles during squamous differentiation (SqD) of endometrial carcinoma (Em Ca) cells, we investigated expression of beta-catenin, as well as cyclin D1, p53, p21WAF1, and PML (promyelocytic leukemia) in 80 cases of Em Ca with SqD areas, in comparison with cell proliferation determined with reference to Ki-67 antigen positivity. The impact of beta-catenin-T-cell factor (TCF)-mediated transcription was also examined using Em Ca cells. In clinical cases, nuclear beta-catenin accumulation was more frequent in SqD areas, being positively linked with expression of cyclin D1, p53, and p21WAF1, and inversely with Ki-67 and PML immunoreactivity. Significant correlations of nuclear beta-catenin, cyclin D1, p53, and p21WAF1 were noted between SqD and the surrounding carcinoma lesions. The Ishikawa cell line, with stable or tetracycline-regulated expression of mutant beta-catenin, showed an increase in expression levels of cyclin D1, p14ARF, p53, and p21WAF1 but not PML, and activation of beta-catenin-TCF4-mediated transcription determined with TOP/FOP constructs. The cell morphology was senescence-like rather than squamoid in appearance. Moreover, overexpressed beta-catenin could activate transcription from p14ARF and cyclin D1 promoters, in a TCF4-dependent manner. These findings indicate that in Em Cas, nuclear beta-catenin can simultaneously induce activation of the p53-p21WAF1 pathway and overexpression of cyclin D1, leading to suppression of cell proliferation or induction of cell senescence. However, overexpression of beta-catenin alone is not sufficient for development of a squamoid phenotype in Em Ca cells, suggesting that nuclear accumulation is an initial signal for trans-differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. msaegusa@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saegusa
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okayasu
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051176:beta Catenin; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051176:beta Catenin; D019938:Cyclin D1; D008156:Luciferases; D001616:beta-Galactosidase