title: Sleep and reported daytime sleepiness in normal subjects: the Sleep Heart Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the distribution of nocturnal sleep characteristics and reports of daytime sleepiness in a large well-defined group of healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Sleep Heart Health Study is a multicenter study examining sleep and cardiopulmonary parameters through nocturnal polysomnography in adults enrolled in geographically distinct cardiovascular cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  470 subjects enrolled in the Sleep Heart Health Study (n = 6440) were selected as a 'normative' group based on screening of health conditions and daily habits that could interfere with sleep.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Home-based nocturnal polysomnography was obtained on all participants and centrally scored for sleep and respiratory parameters. Demographic and health-related data were obtained and updated at the time of the home visit. Sleep efficiency decreased by 1.6% for each 10 years of increased age. Sleep time decreased by 0.1 hours (6.0 minutes) for each 10-year age increase and was longer in women. The arousal index increased by 0.8 for each 10-year increase in age and was lower by 1.4 in women. Women had a lower mean percentage of stage 1 and stage 2 sleep. Mean percentage of slow-wave sleep was higher in women (by 6.7%). Percentage of slow-wave sleep decreased with increased age for men only (by 1.9% for each 10-year age change).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest a clear lessening in the quantity and quality of sleep with age that appears to be more rapid in males compared to females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, New York University School of Medicine, USA. Joyce.Walseleben@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Joyce A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Walsleben
authors.forename: Vishesh K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bootzin
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Nieto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires