title: Partial androgen deficiency in aging type 2 diabetic men and its relationship to glycemic control.
abstract: Aging in the male is associated with both a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes and hypogonadism. However, little information is available about the complex of symptoms and hormonal changes related to partial androgen deficiency in aging (called andropause) in type 2 diabetic men. Here, for the first time, we used a combination of clinical and hormonal criteria to define andropause and to analyze the relationships between the androgen environment and glucose metabolism in 55 type 2 diabetic men (63.6 +/- 7.9 years, mean +/- SD). Low plasma levels of total testosterone (< or =3.4 ng/mL) and free testosterone (< or =11 pg/mL) were found in 20% and 54.5%, respectively, of the diabetic men. The fraction of diabetic men with subnormal levels of total testosterone increased with aging: 14.2% (50 to 59 years), 17.4% (60 to 69 years) and 36% (> 70 years). The corresponding figures for subnormal values of free testosterone were 38%, 69.6%, and 54.5%, respectively. In the whole group of type 2 diabetic men, no significant linear correlations between total or free testosterone with fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, or fructosamine values could be established. Total testosterone was positively correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels (r =.322, P =.01). Although fasting plasma glucose was marginally higher in aging type 2 diabetic patients with andropause than in those without andropause (162 +/- 6.9 v 139 +/- 8.9, mean +/- SEM, P =.05), there were no differences between both subgroups for plasma fasting insulin, C-peptide, fructosamine, or HbA(1c) levels. Replacement therapy (150 mg intramuscular [IM] of enanthate of testosterone every 14 days for 6 months) was applied in 10 type 2 diabetic men with clinical features of andropause associated with subnormal concentrations of serum testosterone. The treatment induced significant increases in total plasma testosterone (baseline: 3.9 +/- 0.3; at 6 months: 7.1 +/- 0.9 ng/mL, mean +/- SEM, P =.003) and free testosterone (baseline: 9.3 +/- 0.6; at 6 months 17.6 +/- 2.4 pg/mL, P =.003), but had a neutral effect on overall glycemic control. These data show a high prevalence of andropause in aging type 2 diabetic men and suggest that the endogenous androgen environment, as well as correction of the partial androgen deficiency, do not have a meaningful effect on glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Burgo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garca-Berrocal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alberca
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González-Buitrago
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orfao
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miralles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000097:blood; D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006062:Gonadotropins; D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary; D007328:Insulin; D013739:Testosterone