title: RUNX1 transformation of primary embryonic fibroblasts is revealed in the absence of p53.
abstract: The mammalian Runx gene family (Runx1-3) are transcription factors that play essential, lineage-specific roles in development. A growing body of evidence implicates these genes as mutational targets in cancer where, in different contexts, individual family members have been reported to act as tumour suppressors, dominant oncogenes or mediators of metastasis. We are exploring these paradoxical observations by ectopic expression of RUNX genes in primary murine embryonic fibroblasts where, in common with a number of other dominant oncogenes, RUNX1 induces senescence-like growth arrest in the presence of an intact p19(ARF)-p53 pathway. We now report that, in MEFs lacking functional p53, RUNX1 has apparently pro-oncogenic effects on cell growth that include cytoskeletal reorganization, reduced contact inhibition at confluence and accelerated tumour expansion in vivo. On the other hand, RUNX1 conferred no obvious growth advantage at low cell density and actually delayed entry of primary MEFs into S phase. We also found that ectopic RUNX1 interferes with the morphological and growth responses of p53-null MEFs to TGFbeta indicating that these effects are mediated by overlapping pathways. These observations help to elucidate the context-dependent consequences of loss and gain of Runx activity.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK. S.Wotton@vet.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sandy F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wotton
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blyth
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilbey
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernardin-Fried
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Euan W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Neil
authors.forename: Ewan R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016196:S Phase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C493726:Runx1 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53