title: Does high organochlorine (OC) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? Part I: Effect of OCs on the humoral immunity.
abstract: This study was undertaken to assess if high levels of organochlorines (OCs) are associated with decreased ability to produce antibodies in free-ranging polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and thus affect the humoral immunity. In 1998 and 1999, 26 and 30 polar bears from Svalbard, Norway, and Churchill, Canada, respectively, were recaptured 32-40 d following immunization with inactivated influenza virus, reovirus, and herpes virus and tetanus toxoid. Blood was sampled at immunization and at recapture for determination of plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations, and specific antibodies against influenza virus, reovirus, and herpes virus, tetanus toxoid, and Mannheimia haemolytica. The OCs alone contributed with up to 7% to the variations in the immunological parameters. The combination of sigma PCBs (sum of 12 individual PCB congeners), sigma OCPs (sum of 6 OCPs), and biological factors accounted for 40-60% of the variation in the immunological parameters. Negative associations were found between sigma PCBs and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and between sigma PCBs and increased antibody titers against influenza virus and reovirus following immunization. In contrast, a positive association was registered between sigma PCBs and increased antibodies against tetanus toxoid. sigma OCPs also contributed significantly to the variations in the immunological responses. OCs did not have the same impact on the antibody production against M. haemolytica. The present study demonstrated that high OC levels may impair the polar bears ability to produce antibodies and thus may produce impaired resistance to infections.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.forename: Hans Jørgen S
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Grethe Marie
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Derocher
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lunn
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Norstrom
authors.forename: Øystein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Wiig
authors.forename: Janneche Utne
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Skaare
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000276:immunology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D016978:Mannheimia haemolytica / Q000276:immunology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D012087:Reoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D001503:Ursidae / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls