title: Hypercapnic ventilatory response in mice lacking the 65 kDa isoform of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD65).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent reports have shown that there are developmental changes in the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in the rat. These are characterized by an initial large response to carbon dioxide immediately after birth followed by a decline with a trough at one week of age, followed by a return in sensitivity. A second abnormality is seen at postnatal day 5 (P5) rats in that they cannot maintain the increase in frequency for 5 min of hypercapnia. In mice lacking GAD65 the release of GABA during sustained synaptic activation is reduced. We hypothesized that this developmental pattern would be present in the mouse which is also less mature at birth and that GABA mediates this relative respiratory depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  In awake C57BL/6J and GAD65-/- mice the ventilatory response to 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) was examined at P2, P4, P6, P7, P12.5, P14.5 and P21.5, using body plethysmography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minute ventilation (VE) relative to baseline during hypercapnia from P2 through P7 was generally less than from P12.5 onwards, but there was no trough as in the rat. Breaking VE down into its two components showed that tidal volume remained elevated for the 5 min of exposure to 5% CO2. At P6, but not at other ages, respiratory frequency declined with time and at 5 min was less that at 2 and 3 min. GAD65-/- animals at P6 showed a sustained increase in respiratory rate for the five mins exposure to CO2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show, that in contrast to the rat, mice do not show a decline in minute ventilatory response to CO2 at one week of age. Similar to the rat at P5, mice at P6 are unable to sustain an increase in CO2 induced respiratory frequency and GAD65 contributes to this fall off.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. bissonne@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bissonnette
authors.forename: Sharon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Knopp
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2