title: Spectrum of oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS in the Perm region (Russia) and identification of self-induced ulceronecrotic lingual lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the frequency and spectrum of oral manifestations of HIV-infected drug-users in the Perm region.
  
  
  METHODS
  104 seropositive HIV-infected drug-users (69 male, 35 female; ages 15 to 32 years; 13 co-infected with hepatitis viruses) and 13 AIDS-infected drug-users (7 male, 6 female; ages 16 to 37 years; 12 co-infected with hepatitis viruses).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent forms of oral mucosal lesions in the HIV-infected group -- candidiasis (32.7%), herpetic lesions (15.4%), cheilitis glandularis (3.9%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (2%). Regional lymphadenopathy was observed in 31% cases. The ulceronecrotic oral mucosal lesions were seen in the sublingual region and tongue in 11.5% patients and manifested with pain, dysarthria, dysphagia, and dysgeusia. These lesions were found in drug-users who injected the opioids sublingually. AIDS patients had oral candidiasis (84.6%), herpetic lesions (53.8%), recurrent aphthous stomatitis (15.4%) and cheilitis glandularis (7%). All AIDS-patients had severe xerostomia, and 15.4% had unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid glands. Generalized ulceronecrotic gingivostomatitis was found in 50% of the patients but the sublingual ulceronecrotic lesions were not identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. The spectrum of oral cavity lesions of HIV/AIDS patients in Perm region is widespread enough. 2. Dissemination of oral cavity lesions is increasing in proportion of disease progression. 3. Dental care of HIV/AIDS patients should include periodic oral examinations to monitor their disease progression and to alleviate symptoms of oral opportunic and neoplastic diseases, to improve the life-style of the patients infected with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Estamatología Terapéutica, Academia de Medicina del Estado de Perm, Rusia. rector@psma.ru
authors.forename: Olga S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Gileva
authors.forename: Marina V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sazhina
authors.forename: Evgenja S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gileva
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Efimov
authors.forename: Crispian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scully
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009336:Necrosis; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012426:Russia; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D014059:Tongue / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology