title: Body weight, diet and water intake in preventing stone disease.
abstract: Nutrition plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the most widespread forms of nephrolithiasis, i.e. calcium (calcium oxalate and phosphate) and uric acid stone disease. For this reason, dietary measures are the first level of intervention in primary prevention, as well as in secondary prevention of recurrences. An unbalanced diet or particular sensitivity to various foods in stone formers can lead to urinary alterations such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, hypocitraturia and an excessively acid urinary pH. Over the course of time, these conditions contribute to the formation or recurrence of kidney stones, due to the effect they exert on the lithogenous salt profile. The fundamental aspects of the nutritional approach to the treatment of idiopathic nephrolithiasis are body weight, diet and water intake. This paper will present data resulting from our own investigations and the most significant evidence in literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meschi
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schianchi
authors.forename: Erminia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ridolo
authors.forename: Giuditta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adorni
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Almerico
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novarini
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borghi
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004032:Diet; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary