title: Screening of bacterial contamination during gelatine production by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, focussed on Bacillus and related endospore-forming genera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen for bacterial contamination during gelatine production by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). As members of Bacillus and related genera were found to persist in the final product, this study focussed on these taxa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Template DNA was extracted from gelatine samples at five crucial points of a gelatine production process. A primer specific for Bacillus and related genera was designed and used in a selective PCR, followed by a nested DGGE-PCR targeting the V9 region of the 16S rDNA. DGGE analysis of the resulting amplicons, and sequence analysis of selected bands, showed high sequence similarities of these bands with Bacillus fumarioli, B. licheniformis, B. coagulans and Clostridium perfringens. When the selective PCR was omitted, primarily Lactobacillus bands were retrieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR-DGGE analysis of gelatine extracts can be used for tracing and screening of bacterial contamination during gelatine production. A selective PCR, nested with DGGE-PCR, gave much more accurate information about endospore-forming contaminants than did the direct DGGE procedure alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of this nested DGGE-PCR protocol may provide important information about possible hazards to the final microbiological quality and/or safety of gelatine, so allowing production parameters and/or remediation procedures may be adjusted on-line.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. elke.declerck@ugent.be
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clerck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gevers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Ridder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Vos
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D004725:Endospore-Forming Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005780:Gelatin; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D005780:Gelatin