title: Perioperative anesthetic management for laparoscopic kidney donation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a single-center experience about the perioperative and anesthetic management of laparoscopic living kidney donation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects undergoing laparoscopic (n = 39) (performed between April 2000 and August 2002) and traditional "open" kidney donation (n = 27) received a standard balanced anesthetic technique. However to counterbalance the reported abdominal insufflation-related kidney dysfunction, laparoscopic donors were administered an extra intravascular volume loading with colloid and crystalloid starting on the night before surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic donors underwent longer procedures with lower estimated blood losses (P =.0001), were intraoperatively administered higher amounts of intravenous fluids (P <.01), showed less postoperative analgesic requirement (P <.0001), shorter intensive care unit and overall hospitalization (P <.001), quicker resumption of solid oral intake (P <.01), and full return to work (P <.001) with no difference in the postoperative complication rate. Diuresis resumed intraoperatively in all recipients and early graft function did not differ between the two groups, although the serum creatinine declined earlier, but not significantly, in those receiving kidneys procured by the traditional method. No difference was seen in graft rejection rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic kidney donation does not require a particularly complex or expensive anesthetic management or approach; as it has been suggested that intra-abdominal hypertension coming from CO(2) insufflation inside the donor's peritoneal cavity may threaten graft function, during laparoscopic kidney donation it is advisable to adopt a strategy for "renal protection." Thus, when a laparoscopic kidney donation is performed at our center, a multidisciplinary approach is commonly adopted based on three key points: perioperative positive volemic balance in donors; intraoperative urinary output of at least 100 mL/h; inflation with an abdominal pressure not exceeding 12 mm Hg.
authors.affiliation: Postsurgical and Transplant ICU, Azienda Ospedaliera Pisana, Ospedale di Cisanello, Pisa, Italy. g.biancofiore@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biancofiore
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amorose
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lugli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bindi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pasquini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellissima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meacci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vistoli
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boggi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrabissa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics