title: Does the 'test-and-treat' strategy work in primary health care for management of uninvestigated dyspepsia? A prospective two-year follow-up study of 1552 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the 'test-and-treat' strategy is suggested as first-line therapy for uninvestigated dyspepsia, no large-scale studies in a real-life setting are available.
  
  
  METHODS
  1552 dyspeptic patients aged between 25 and 60 with no alarm symptoms were recruited to the study. After screening with a 13C-urea breath test, they were randomized into three treatment arms: Helicobacter pylori-positive either to eradication therapy with OAM (omeprazole, amoxycillin and metronidazole) (Hp+/erad) or omeprazole 20 mg daily (Hp+/ome) for 10 days, whereas H. pylori-negative patients (Hp-/ome) were treated with 20 mg omeprazole for 10 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms were registered at baseline at 1 and 2 years on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and quality of life with the Psychological General Well-Being index (PGWB). Additional visits, referrals for and number of endoscopies and their findings were registered during the 2 years' follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1552 patients, 583 were H. pylori-positive (37.6%), and 288 of these were randomized for omeprazole and 295 to OAM. The Hp-/ome group had fewer general practitioner (GP) contacts (P<0.0001) than the H. pylori-positive groups. Eradication therapy significantly improved general well-being and reduced upper gastrointestinal symptoms: abdominal pain (P=0.0001), heartburn (P=0.0061), acid regurgitation (P=0.003), hunger pain (P=0.009), especially in Hp+/erad. Peptic ulcer was found in 6.2%, 1.0%, 0.2% in Hp+/ome, Hp-+/erad and Hp-/ome, respectively (P=0.0007). Only 3 patients (1.0%) developed peptic ulcers in Hp-+/erad, all eradication failures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In uninvestigated dyspepsia, a negative test result for H. pylori reduces the number of GP contacts and endoscopy referrals compared to H. pylori-positive regardless of eradication therapy. Applied in real life, the test-and-treat strategy failed to reduce the number of endoscopies, but significantly reduced peptic ulcer disease and improved dyspeptic symptoms and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. martti.farkkila@hus.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Färkkilä
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valtonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sipponen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012017:Referral and Consultation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D009853:Omeprazole