title: Survival, anatomic, and functional long-term results in choroidal and ciliary body melanoma after ruthenium brachytherapy (15 years' experience with beta-rays).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze survival, radiation-related complications, local recurrence, enucleation, and visual acuity after ruthenium-106 irradiation of malignant uveal melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 213 patients treated with ruthenium-106 brachytherapy between 1983 and 1995. End point rates were estimated by life tables, and prognostic factors by Cox proportional hazards regression. Main outcome measures were survival rate, radiation-related maculopathy, radiation-related vascular occlusion, local tumor recurrence, enucleation, and visual acuity (<20/100 at 3 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 and 10 years, survival was 82% (standard error [SE] 2.7%) and 72% (SE 3.4%), local recurrence 21.7% (SE 3.0%) and 24.3% (SE 3.2%), and enucleation 18.0% (SE 2.7%) and 19.2% (SE 2.8%), respectively. Sixty-one patients showed maculopathy (29%), 36 retinal vascular occlusion (17%), in 33 local recurrence (16%), and 38 enucleation (18%). Age and large tumor diameter were independently associated with survival (P <.0001 and P <.0075, respectively). Age below 40 and melanoma located posteriorly were significant risk factors for maculopathy (P <.0085 and P <.0004, respectively) and vascular occlusion (P <.0415 and P <.0114, respectively). Diameter and Bruch membrane rupture were significant predictors (P <.0032 and P <.0390, respectively) of local recurrence. Visual acuity <20/100 was observed in only 26 of 97 (27%) cases of anterior but 34 of 42 (81%) of posterior tumor (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although percentage tumor recurrence was high, survival was comparable to series using other treatments. Radiation-related complication rates were acceptable, especially for anterior tumors. Ruthenium therapy can, therefore, be recommended for small and medium-sized tumors with anterior location.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Clinic, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 103 Grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France. fredrouberol@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rouberol
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kodjikian
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jean-Louis
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Grange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001610:Beta Particles; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes