title: Hyperglycemia promotes oxidative stress through inhibition of thioredoxin function by thioredoxin-interacting protein.
abstract: Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to vascular disease and pro-atherosclerotic effects of diabetes mellitus may be mediated by oxidative stress. Several ROS-scavenging systems tightly control cellular redox balance; however, their role in hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is unclear. A ubiquitous antioxidative mechanism for regulating cellular redox balance is thioredoxin, a highly conserved thiol reductase that interacts with an endogenous inhibitor, thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip). Here we show that hyperglycemia inhibits thioredoxin ROS-scavenging function through p38 MAPK-mediated induction of Txnip. Overexpression of Txnip increased oxidative stress, while Txnip gene silencing restored thioredoxin activity in hyperglycemia. Diabetic animals exhibited increased vascular expression of Txnip and reduced thioredoxin activity, which normalized with insulin treatment. These results provide evidence for the impairment of a major ROS-scavenging system in hyperglycemia. These studies implicate reduced thioredoxin activity through interaction with Txnip as an important mechanism for vascular oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: P Christian
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Tomosaburo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Zhiheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020868:Gene Silencing; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C486715:TXNIP protein, human; D013879:Thioredoxins