title: The effects of thinner inhalation on superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in rat lungs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent years' usage of thinner by the young generation as a drug constitutes a serious problem in the society. Due to common usage in the industrial sector, most people are affected from the manufacturing process to the consuming phase.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Because of these reasons, this project has been preferred to research the effects of thinner on oxidant and antioxidant status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 46 rats were included in the study. Thirty six rats were separated into six groups with 10 rats in a control group. The first group inhaled thinner for 2 weeks, and the other groups were exposed to thinner for 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks for 1 h twice a day. On the mentioned duration, rats were autopsied. Lung tissues malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined to designate the oxidant-antioxidant balance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed an increase in MDA values both in the acute and the subacute periods. In the chronic period by the consuming of lipid peroxidation products, MDA values decreased and as the oxidative stress continued MDA values again increased. We observed that especially GSH values that has antioxidant feature, decreased until 6 weeks in order to compensate lipid peroxidation products. In the consuming period of lipid peroxidation, the values became fixed and later, these values again increased. There was no relationship between the changing values of MDA and SOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thinner is an agent that causes oxidative stress and inhalation of high doses of thinner causes harm to the respiratory system. As there are few reports in the literature on long-term effects of thinner inhalation, more studies might be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Derince-41900, Kocaeli, Turkey. ilgazah@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilgazli
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sengul
authors.forename: Hale
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maral
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozden
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ercin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione