title: Ribosomal protein L22 inhibits regulation of cellular activities by the Epstein-Barr virus small RNA EBER-1.
abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a potent mitogenic and antiapoptotic agent for B lymphocytes and is associated with several different types of human tumour. The abundantly expressed small viral RNA, EBER-1, binds to the growth inhibitory and pro-apoptotic protein kinase R (PKR) and blocks activation of the latter by double-stranded RNA. Recent evidence has suggested that expression of EBER-1 alone in EBV-negative B cells promotes a tumorigenic phenotype and that this may be related to inhibition of the pro-apoptotic effects of PKR. The ribosomal protein L22 binds to EBER-1 in virus-infected cells, but the significance of this has not previously been established. We report here that L22 and PKR compete for a common binding site on EBER-1. As a result of this competition, L22 interferes with the ability of the small RNA to inhibit the activation of PKR by dsRNA. Transient expression of EBER-1 in murine embryonic fibroblasts stimulates reporter gene expression and partially reverses the inhibitory effect of PKR. However, EBER-1 is also stimulatory when transfected into PKR knockout cells, suggesting an additional, PKR-independent, mode of action of the small RNA. Expression of L22 prevents both the PKR-dependent and -independent effects of EBER-1 in vivo. These results suggest that the association of L22 with EBER-1 in EBV-infected cells can attenuate the biological effects of the viral RNA. Such effects include both the inhibition of PKR and additional mechanism(s) by which EBER-1 stimulates gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Translational Control Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: Androulla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Jashmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: Kenneth G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C099537:Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA 1; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C067169:RPL22 protein, human; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase