title: Spinal ropivacaine or bupivacaine for cesarean delivery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was to compare clinical efficacy and safety of ropivacaine and bupivacaine given intrathecally in combination with morphine for cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  With ethical committee approval and a written informed consent, 60 women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive spinal anesthesia with either 20 mg ropivacaine plus 0.1 mg morphine (n = 30) or 15 mg bupivacaine plus 0.1 mg morphine (n = 30). Profile of spinal block (onset and recovery times), cardiovascular effects, and quality of postoperative analgesia (patient-controlled morphine) were recorded by a blinded observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset time of motor block was shorter after bupivacaine (8 +/- 2 min) than after ropivacaine (12 +/- 5 minutes) (P <.05), whereas duration of both sensory and motor blocks was longer after bupivacaine (139 +/- 37 minutes and 254 +/- 76 minutes) than after ropivacaine (112 +/- 27 minutes and 211 +/- 48 minutes) (P <.01 and P <.05, respectively). No differences in intraoperative quality of anesthesia and clinical hypotension requiring ephedrine administration were observed between the two groups. Postoperative analgesia was similarly effective in both groups; however median consumption of patient-controlled morphine during the first 24 hours after surgery was higher in patients of group Ropivacaine (5 mg; range, 0 to 18 mg) than in patients of group Bupivacaine (2 mg; range, 0 to 7 mg) (P <.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spinal anesthesia produced with 20 mg ropivacaine plus 0.1 mg morphine is as effective and safe as that provided by 15 mg bupivacaine plus 0.1 mg morphine, with an earlier recovery of sensory and motor functions after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy. gdanelli@ao.pr.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Danelli
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornini
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacava
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nuzzi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fanelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine