title: Completing tuberculosis prophylaxis in jail: targeting treatment and comparison of rifampin/pyrazinamide with isoniazid regimens.
abstract: METHODS
  A county jail.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection and the impact on treatment completion of the 2-month rifampin and pyrazinamide regimen as compared to the traditional 6- to 12-month isoniazid regimen among persons incarcerated at a county correctional facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of tuberculosis records from January 1998 to December 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2127 inmates who were tuberculin skin test positive, 146 were started on treatment. This was generally limited to those expected to remain incarcerated long enough to complete the course of treatment. Completion rates were 88% (67/76) for the 2-month and 74% (51/69) for the 6- to 12-month courses (P = 0.03), and 82% overall. The two regimens were similarly tolerated, but inmates on isoniazid were more likely to be released (despite longer projected incarceration) and not complete treatment once in the community. Thirty-seven per cent of persons for whom treatment was not indicated by the previous guidelines should have had treatment by the new guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2-month rifampin/pyrazinamide regimen had a higher completion rate than the longer isoniazid regimen, without additional toxicity, and allowed more patients to be treated. Latent tuberculosis treatment targeted to those able to complete the regimen in jail yields high completion rates.
authors.affiliation: Baystate Medical Center and Tufts University, School of Medicine, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. thomas.lincoln@bhs.org
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Brannan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Conklin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clancey
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Tuthill
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000517:prevention & control; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011330:Prisons; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin