title: Long-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men.
abstract: Transdermal testosterone (T) delivery represents an effective alternative to injectable androgens. We studied 163 hypogonadal men who applied 5, 7.5, or 10 g AndroGel (T gel) 1% CIII per day for up to 42 months. Efficacy data were presented in 123 subjects considered evaluable. Continuous AndroGel treatment normalized mean serum T and free T levels. Mean serum 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone/T ratio slightly increased, mean serum estradiol/T ratio doubled, and mean serum FSH and LH levels were suppressed by T replacement. Sexual function and mood parameters improved rapidly and were maintained throughout T treatment. Lean body mass increased (P = 0.0001) and fat mass decreased (P = 0.0001), and these changes were maintained with treatment but were not accompanied by significant increases in muscle strength. Increases in serum bone markers suggestive of increased bone formation were followed by gradual and progressive increases in bone mineral density more in the spine (P = 0.0001) than the hip (P = 0.0004). Mild local skin irritation occurred in 12 subjects, resulting in discontinuation in only one subject. Except for the anticipated increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin, there were no clinically significant changes in blood counts or biochemistry. In three subjects with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen, prostate biopsies showed cancer. We conclude that continued application of AndroGel resulted in beneficial effects similar to those with injectables and other transdermal preparations. This study was neither placebo controlled nor powered to determine the effects of T treatment on prostate cancer risk. Thus, monitoring for prostatic disease and assessment for erythrocytosis are strongly advised to reduce the risk of adverse events with T treatment of hypogonadal men.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine/Pediatrics, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Research and Education Institute, Torrance, California 90509, USA. wang@gcrc.rei.edu
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iranmanesh
authors.forename: Alvin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Swerdloff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005782:Gels; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D015415:Biomarkers; D005782:Gels; D006454:Hemoglobins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen