title: Induction of apoptosis in two human leukemia cell lines as well as differentiation in human promyelocytic cells by cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside.
abstract: Little is known about the potentially chemopreventive mechanisms of anthocyanins apart from their antioxidant activity. We investigated the in vitro capacity of the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (Cy-g) to induce apoptosis in T-lymphoblastoid, as well as apoptosis and differentiation in HL-60 promyelocytic cells. Although Cy-g-induced apoptosis (as well as necrosis) in the two systems, HL-60 cells were much less sensitive than T-lymphoblastoid cells. Moreover, treatment of HL-60 cells with Cy-g caused differentiation into macrophage-like cells and granulocytes. Concerning the mechanism of action, the induction of apoptosis in Jurkat T cells can be explained by a modulation of p53 and bax protein expression. At the molecular level, the induction of apoptosis and cytodifferentiation in HL-60 cells involved different proteins, thus suggesting that the effects of Cy-g on apoptosis and cytodifferentiation induction are two distinct events. These interesting biological properties should encourage further investigation into the chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic potential of Cy-g.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. carmela.fimognari@unibo.it
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fimognari
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berti
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nüsse
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cantelli-Forti
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hrelia
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000473:pathology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; C494826:BAX protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D011493:Protein Kinase C