Identification of the sex pheromone of the currant shoot borer Lampronia capitella.
Under an artificial light:dark cycle, females of Lampronia capitella were observed calling, with extended terminal abdominal segments, during the first 2 hr of the photoperiod. Extracts of terminal abdominal segments from females elicited large electroantennographic responses from male antennae. Gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection revealed three active peaks. Based on comparison of retention times and mass spectra of synthetic standards, these compounds were identified as (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienol and the corresponding acetate and aldehyde. The electroantennographic activity of the four geometric isomers of all three compounds was investigated, and the respective (Z,Z)-isomer was found to be the most active in all cases. Aldehydes generally elicited larger antennal responses than alcohols, whereas acetates were the least active compounds. A subtractive trapping assay in the field, based on a 13:26:100 micrograms mixture of (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienol confirmed that all three compounds are pheromone components. Subtraction of (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienol from the blend completely eliminated its attractiveness, whereas the other two-component blends showed reduced activity. This is the first pheromone identification from the monotrysian superfamily Incurvarioidea, confirming that the common pheromones among ditrysian moths (long-chain fatty acid derivatives comprising alcohols, acetates, and aldehydes with one or more double bonds) is not an autapomorphy of Ditrysia, but a synapomorphy of the more advanced heteroneuran lineages.
Löfstedt
Christer
C
Department of Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. christer.lofstedt@ekol.lu.se
Zhu
Junwei
J
Kozlov
Mikhail V
MV
Buda
Vincas
V
Jirle
Erling V
EV
Hellqvist
Sven
S
Löfqvist
Jan
J
Plass
Ernst
E
Franke
Stephan
S
Francke
Wittko
W
D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005260:Female; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009036:Moths / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D000085:Acetates; D000447:Aldehydes; D007659:Ketones; D012724:Sex Attractants