title: Hypermethylation-associated inactivation of the SOCS-1 gene, a JAK/STAT inhibitor, in human pancreatic cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SOCS-1, a JAK-binding protein (SSI-1/SOCS-1/JAB), regulates the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway that relays signals from various cytokines in the extracellular matrix into the cell. Inactivation of the SOCS-1 gene by methylation has been previously described in hepatocellular carcinomas and multiple myeloma. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the expression of the SOCS-1 gene and identify inactivation of this gene by methylation in pancreatic cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 samples were analyzed. We identified the expression of SOCS-1 gene using RT-PCR and the mechanism of inactivation in this gene by methylation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We documented marked suppression of SOCS-1 mRNA and reduction of SOCS-1 protein in 7 of 14 primary pancreatic cancers examined; moreover, CpG-rich regions upstream of the SOCS-1 gene were hypermethylated in 8 of the 14 tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that this gene is silenced in a substantial portion of pancreatic cancers through mechanisms that cause methylation in the promoter region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komazaki
authors.forename: Hisaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emi
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yabe
authors.forename: Enjing
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ooiti
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kawanami
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Yukichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Tadamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins