title: Speed of response and remission in major depressive disorder with acute electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a Consortium for Research in ECT (CORE) report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remission of illness in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is achieved in less than half of patients initially treated with medication. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is another treatment option. We report the speed of response and remission rates in a cohort of depressed patients who received a course of acute-phase ECT in the initial phase of an ongoing multicenter randomized trial of continuation ECT versus pharmacotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with MDD according to DSM-IV criteria received bilateral ECT 3 times weekly. Prior to each treatment, a 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-24) score was obtained by a clinical rater. Sustained response was defined as a > or = 50% reduction in baseline HAM-D-24 score for at least 2 and all subsequent measurement occasions. Remission was defined as HAM-D-24 scores of < or = 10 for at least the last 2 consecutive assessments. Data were collected from May 1997 through November 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 253 patients who entered the study, 86% (N = 217) completed the acute course of ECT. Sustained response occurred in 79% of the sample, and remission occurred in 75% of the sample (N = 253); 34% (85/253) of patients achieved remission at or before ECT #6 (week 2), and 65% (164/253) achieved remission at or before ECT #10 (weeks 3-4). Over half (54%; 136/253) had an initial first response by ECT #3 (end of week 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECT was associated with rapid response and remission in a high percentage of patients. ECT warrants early consideration in treatment algorithms for patients with MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mustafa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrides
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rummans
authors.forename: Melanie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litle
authors.forename: Wenle
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hilary J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Shawn M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bailine
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kellner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome