title: Experience with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to review the authors' experience with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the pediatric age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed in children at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, between June 1997 and March 2003. Ten children had laparoscopic adrenalectomies during this period. They were between 3 weeks to 12 years of age and there was an equal number of boys and girls. Case selection was based mainly on the size of the lesion and its localized nature as seen on the imaging studies. The transperitoneal approach was used in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed in 10 children (1 was bilateral adrenalectomy). Presenting features were virilization (n = 3), Cushing's syndrome (n = 1), antenatally detected adrenal cyst (n = 1), hypertension (n = 1), hepatomegaly (n = 1), loin pain with hematuria (n = 1) and an incidental adrenal mass (n = 1). One was a child with stage IV adrenal neuroblastoma postchemotherapy for resection of the residual tumor. On imaging studies, the tumors were between 2.8 and 7 cm in their largest dimension. Operating time ranged from 118 to 180 minutes in the unilateral resections, whereas the bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy required 330 minutes. Two had to be converted to open procedures. Postoperative hospital stay was between 2 and 15 days. Pathologic diagnoses were as follows: adrenal cortical adenoma (n = 3), adrenal medullary hyperplasia (n = 2), adrenal cortical carcinoma (n = 1), ganglioneuroma (n = 1), and neuroblastoma (n = 3). There were no complications. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 6 years. The only mortality in our study group was in the child with stage IV neuroblastoma who died of disseminated disease 9 months later. In the rest, there has been no local recurrence or metastases, and the biochemical and hormonal parameters have remained normal in the functional tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that in a select group of pediatric adrenal lesions, laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and effective procedure with the potential benefits of minimally invasive procedures.
authors.affiliation: King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kadamba
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome