title: Fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy in a rat model: comparison of fluorouracil metabolite profiles determined by high-field 19F-NMR spectroscopy of tissues ex vivo with therapy response and toxicity for locoregional vs systemic infusion protocols.
abstract: A Sprague-Dawley rat model with DS sarcoma transplanted in the thigh was used to compare transcatheter locoregional i.a. and systemic i.v. administration of 5-fluorouracil (FU) at 12 dose-rate schedules: 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg; bolus, 1, 5 and 24 h infusions. In experiment A tumor (62/67 animals) as well as liver and kidney (56/67 animals) were excised 1 h after a single bolus or 1 h infusion or at the end of 5 and 24 h infusions. (19)F-NMR spectroscopy at 11.7 T was used to quantitate FU and its metabolites in ca. 1 g of tissue at 4 degrees C. In experiment B analogous FU treatments were repeated for 5 days (rats 80+11 controls). Tumor volumes vs time, various blood parameters and survival times were recorded, and a log growth rate parameter log GR, a response index RI, and a toxicity index TI were calculated. The i.a. vs i.v. ratios for tumor concentrations of FU and total anabolites (F-Nucl) were >1 for nearly all treatments and increased with infusion time at the higher doses. F-Nucl in tumor correlated linearly with total fluorine concentration (Tot. F range 30-1100 nmol/g) over all treatments (r=0.92, slope=0.45, p<0.0001). For non-bolus i.v. treatments [FU+F-Nucl] decreased linearly with decreasing FU dose rate (r(2)=0.74, zero intercept), while i.a. treatments showed non-linear behavior. For non-bolus treatments the mean log GR per treatment group showed a negative correlation (r=-0.87) with log[F-Nucl]. The most effective non-toxic treatments were 25 mg/kg over 5 or 24 h; the i.a. route was superior to i.v. on the basis of [FU+F-Nucl], RI, the reduction in log GR, and Kaplan-Meier survival statistics. For liver and kidney Tot. F (>83% FU catabolites) reached ca. 3-4 and 6-7 micromol/g, respectively, at the highest dose rates for either route; F-Nucl were detected only for Tot. F>500 nmol/g and increased exponentially as Tot. F increased (toxic treatments). The concentrations of the main catabolite (alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine, FBAL) in tumor did not correlate with Tot. F but rather with FBAL levels in kidney (r=0.90, all treatments), indicating that uptake of liver-derived FBAL from the circulation is the major source of FBAL in tumor.
authors.affiliation: Central Spectroscopy Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Postfach 101949, D-69009 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Belal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naser-Hijazi
authors.forename: Squire
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koroma
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hull
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005461:Fluorine; D005472:Fluorouracil