title: Cost-effectiveness of pulmonary resection and systemic chemotherapy in the management of metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: a combined analysis from the University of Texas M. D. Anderson and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of different treatment strategies for patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed a decision tree to model the outcomes of 4 treatment strategies for patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma: pulmonary resection, systemic chemotherapy, pulmonary resection and systemic chemotherapy, and no treatment. Data from 1124 patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma were used to estimate disease-specific survival for pulmonary resection and no treatment. Outcomes of systemic chemotherapy and pulmonary resection and of systemic chemotherapy were estimated by assuming a 12-month improvement in disease-specific survival with chemotherapy; this was done on the basis of the widely held but unproven assumption that chemotherapy provides a survival benefit in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Direct costs were examined for a series of patients who underwent protocol-based pulmonary resection or doxorubicin/ifosfamide-based chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cost of pulmonary resection was 20,339 dollars per patient; the mean cost of 6 cycles of chemotherapy was 99,033 dollars. Compared with no treatment and assuming a 12-month survival advantage with chemotherapy, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 14,357 dollars per life-year gained for pulmonary resection, 104,210 dollars per life-year gained for systemic chemotherapy, and 51,159 dollars per life-year gained for pulmonary resection and systemic chemotherapy. Compared with pulmonary resection, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of pulmonary resection and systemic chemotherapy was 108,036 dollars per life-year gained. Sensitivity analyses showed that certain patient and tumor features, as well as the assumed benefit of chemotherapy, affected cost-effectiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma who were surgical candidates, pulmonary resection was the most cost-effective treatment strategy evaluated. Even with favorable assumptions regarding its clinical benefit, systemic chemotherapy alone, compared with no treatment, was not a cost-effective treatment strategy for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Geoff.Porter@dal.ca
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: Garrett L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Valerie W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.forename: Dennis H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Alma Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: DeJesus
authors.forename: Raphael E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Murray F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Peter W T
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Pisters
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000191:economics*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents