title: Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy in Richter syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan is a radioimmunotherapeutic construct that is reported to be an effective treatment for patients with lymphoma. The aim of the current analysis was to evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and safety of (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with Richter syndrome (RS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with histologically proven CD20-positive RS and < 25% lymphoma and/or chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the bone marrow were treated. Patients received an imaging dose of (111)In-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan of 1.6 mg (5.0 mCi of (111)In) intravenously. One week later, they received 0.3 or 0.4 mCi/kg of (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan. Rituximab, at a dose of 250 mg/m(2) intravenously, was given immediately before ibritumomab tiuxetan on Days 1 and 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients were treated. Their median age was 56 years (range, 44-70 years). The median time to transformation was 7.9 years (range, 0.7-28.4 years). The median number of previous therapies received was five (range, one to seven previous therapies). The median number of previous therapies received for RS was one (range, none to three previous therapies). Six patients were treated previously with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside. No patient responded to (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy. All patients developed disease progression. The median time to disease progression was 41 days (range, 39-89 days). Side effects included hematologic toxicity. Grade 3-4 (according to the second version of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 5 patients (71%) and 2 patients (29%), respectively. There was one episode of septic shock in a patient with Grade 4 neutropenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan had no significant antitumor activity and hematologic toxicity was severe in these heavily pretreated patients with RS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Apostolia-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tsimberidou
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wierda
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keating
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes; C422802:ibritumomab tiuxetan