title: The last year of life of COPD: a qualitative study of symptoms and services.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the symptoms experienced and their impact on patients' lives in the last year of life of COPD, and to assess patients' access to and contact with health services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative analysis using the framework approach of in-depth interviews with 25 carers of COPD patients who had died in the preceding 3-10 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of death was 77.4 years. The majority of patients died in hospital. The major symptom reported by the carers was breathlessness which impaired the deceased's mobility and contributed to their being housebound. Anxiety and panic were also associated with breathlessness. Depression was reported. Oxygen, though beneficial, was seen to impose lifestyle restrictions due to increasing dependence on it. Some patients only health care contact was through repeat prescriptions from their GP whereas three had regular follow up by a respiratory nurse specialist who linked community and secondary care. Overall, follow-up, systematic review or structured care were uncommon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breathlessness causes major disability to patients with COPD in the last year of life. The expertise of palliative care in treating breathlessness may be valuable in these patients many of whom lacked regular health service contact in the year before death. Patients who are housebound with high levels of morbidity require community health services. Respiratory nurse specialists were rarely involved in the patients' care and may provide a link between the GP, the chest physician and the palliative care team.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Guy's King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, 5 Lambeth Walk, London SE11 6SP, UK. helena.elkington@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elkington
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Addington-Hall
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pettinari
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D017028:Caregivers; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen