title: Abnormalities of sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic function in subjects with defaecation syncope.
abstract: Defaecation syncope is defined as blacking out at, or around, the time of defaecation. It is associated with increased mortality; however, patients rarely voluntarily report symptoms. We have examined autonomic function in a cohort of patients with defaecation syncope.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively identified all subjects referred to our unit with symptoms of defaecation syncope or presyncope on direct questioning. All subjects had autonomic function tests using beat to beat blood pressure measurement synchronized with R-R interval allowing real time assessment of autonomic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients were identified who presented with defaecation syncope. Compared with age and sex matched controls, subjects had abnormalities of both sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic function consistent with mild-moderate autonomic failure. On specific intervention syncope stopped in all subjects: 3 had culprit medication withdrawn, 3 received medication to increase blood pressure and 1 in whom cardioinhibition was demonstrated improved with permanent pacemaker insertion. Two subjects who had colonoscopy had profound haemodynamic changes during the procedure associated with syncope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of syncope on defaecation are associated with autonomic failure. With appropriate therapeutic intervention our subjects all improved.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Investigation Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anne Kenny
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*