title: Reduced growth hormone secretion prolongs puberty but does not delay the developmental increase in luteinizing hormone in the absence of gonadal negative feedback.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that the growth hormone (GH) axis is important for timing the later stages of puberty in female monkeys. However, it is not clear whether these growth-related signals are important for the initiation of puberty and early pubertal events. The present study, using female rhesus monkeys, used two approaches to answer this question. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that reduced GH secretion would blunt the rise in nocturnal LH secretion in young (17 mo; n = 7) but not older adolescent ovariectomized females (29 mo; n = 6). Reduced GH secretion was induced by treating females with the sustained release somatostatin analogue formulation, Sandostatin LAR (625 microg/kg). Morning (0900-0930 h) and evening (2200-2230 h) concentrations of bioactive LH were higher in older adolescent compared to young adolescent females. However, diurnal concentrations were not affected by the inhibition of GH secretion in either age group when compared to the placebo-treated, control condition. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that reduced GH secretion induced in young juvenile females would delay the initial increase in nocturnal LH secretion and subsequent early signs of puberty. In order to examine this hypothesis, puberty in control females (n = 7) was compared to those in which puberty had been experimentally arrested until a late adolescent age (29 mo) by the use of a depot GnRH analogue, Lupron (750 microg kg(-1) mo(-1); n = 7). Once the analogue treatment was discontinued, the progression of puberty was compared to a group treated in a similar fashion but made GH deficient by continuous treatment with Sandostatin LAR (n = 6). Puberty occurred as expected in control females with the initial rise in evening LH at 21 mo, menarche at 22 mo, and first ovulation at 30 mo. As expected, Lupron arrested reproductive maturation, but elevations in morning and evening LH and menarche occurred within 2 mo of the cessation of Lupron in both Lupron and Lupron-GH-suppressed females. In contrast, first ovulation was delayed significantly in the Lupron-GH-suppressed females (41 mo) compared to the Lupron-only females (36 mo). These data indicate that within this experimental model, reduced GH secretion does not perturb the early stages of puberty but supports previous observations that the GH axis is important for timing the later stages of puberty and attainment of fertility. Taken together, the data indicate that factors that reduce GH secretion may have a deleterious effect on the completion of puberty.
authors.affiliation: Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Enory University, 2409 Taylor Lane, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA. markw@rmy.emory.edu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chikazawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mook
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010060:Ovulation; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D013006:Growth Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide; D015282:Octreotide