title: The toxicology and safety of apple polyphenol extract.
abstract: Apple polyphenol extract has strong antioxidant activity and various physiological functions, and is used in Japan as a food additive and nutritional supplements. Here, we tested the consumption safety of Applephenon, which is a polyphenol extract produced from unripe apples. The Ames test without S9 mixture revealed that Applephenon, had slight mutagenicity at a high concentration of 2500 microg/plate; however, both chromosomal aberration test and the micronucleus test found no significant mutagenicity. Furthermore, an acute oral-toxicity test, and a 90-day subchronic-toxicity test showed no significant hematological, clinical, chemical, histopathological, or urinary effects at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. These results confirm that Applephenon is safe and no toxic at average dietary level.
authors.affiliation: Fundamental Research Laboratory, Asahi Breweries, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan. toshihiko.shoji@asahibeer.co.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akazome
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D005503:Food Additives; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols