title: Implant treatment in combination with lateral augmentation of the alveolar process: a 3-year prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients in whom the height of the alveolar process is adequate but the crest is too narrow to host an implant, lateral augmentation is required. Such augmentations have mostly been performed using autogenous bone blocks secured to the buccal surface. An alternative to autogenous bone may be bovine hydroxyapatite (Bio-Oss, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) or other bone substitutes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of dental implants inserted after lateral augmentation of too narrow alveolar processes with a combination of bovine hydroxyapatite (Bio-Oss) and autogenous bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients (14 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 41.6 years fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine augmentation sites with a total of 74 implants could be followed for 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three implants were lost; these were lost before loading (at the abutment operation). The survival rate was 95.9%. The mean marginal bone loss during the 3-year observation period was 0.3 +/- 0.2 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 50/50 combination of Bio-Oss and autogenous bone chips stabilized with Tisseel (Baxter AG/Duo Quick AG, Vienna, Austria) was useful for lateral augmentation of the alveolar crest. Lateral grafts with Bio-Oss, autogenous bone, and Tisseel made it possible to achieve good implant stability and high implant survival results. The bone level changes adjacent to the implants were the same as in nongrafted cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. Solve.Hellem@odont.uib.no
authors.forename: Sölve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellem
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Astrand
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stenström
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engquist
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002417:Cattle; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D008903:Minerals; D017886:Durapatite