Detecting fetal growth restriction or discordant growth in twin gestations stratified by placental chorionicity.
OBJECTIVE
To use recommendations made by the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group to determine the accuracy of sonographically estimated fetal weight to diagnose fetal growth restriction (FGR) (estimated or actual birth weight < 10% for gestational age [GA]) or discordancy in dichorionic and monochiorionic twin gestations.


METHODS
The inclusion criteria for this retrospective analysis were nonanomalous twins, reliable GA and sonographic estimate of fetal weight within 21 days of live births of both fetuses beyond 26 weeks. For likelihood ratio (LR) and odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.


RESULTS
Over 52 months, 126 twin gestations met the inclusion criteria; 29% were monochorionic and 71% dichorionic. The incidence of FGR in 1 of monochorionic twin fetuses (46%) was twice as high as in dichorionic (26%; OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.00, 4.03), but the rates of discordance > or = 20% were similar (21% vs. 18%, respectively; OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.64, 2.47). The LR (95% CI) of detecting discordant growth > or = 20% was 6.1 (2.5, 15.1) for dichorionic twins and 6.0 (1.8, 20.0) for monochorionic. The LR of identifying FGR in twin A and B in dichorionic twins was 6.3 (2.0, 19.7) and 8.7 (2.9, 26.9), respectively; the corresponding LR for monochorionic twins was 14.5 (1.9, 112.3) and 18.7 (2.6, 135.1). To determine the number of twins required for a tight confidence interval around an LR of 10, post hoc sample size calculations indicated: (1) regardless of chorionicity, attaining LR > 10 is not feasible; (2) in dichorionic twins, detection of FGR with twin A or B is not possible; and (3) about 500 monochorionic pregnancies are necessary to ensure that estimated fetal weight can accurately identify FGR.


CONCLUSIONS
Using guidelines proposed by the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group, at present it may not befeasible to identify aberrant growth in twins.
Chauhan
Suneet P
SP
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303, USA. schauhan@srhs.com
Shields
Dawn
D
Parker
Donna
D
Sanderson
Maureen
M
Scardo
James A
JA
Magann
Everett F
EF
D000328:Adult; D002823:Chorion / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020567:Fetal Weight; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010920:Placenta / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014427:Twins; D014463:Ultrasonography