title: Utilization of industrial by-products for the production of controlled low strength materials (CLSM).
abstract: Industrial by-products were used for the production of controlled low-strength material (CLSM). CLSM, also known as 'flowable fill' is used as a replacement of compacted soil in cases where the application of the latter is difficult or impossible. The low mechanical requirements (compared with structural concrete) enable the use of industrial by-products for the production of CLSM. In this study cement kiln dust, asphalt dust, coal fly ash, coal bottom ash and quarry waste were tested for the possibility of producing CLSM with large proportions of those wastes. The results showed that in most cases, CLSM with good properties could be made with significant amounts of dust (25-50%w), especially when the dust has some cementing or pozzolanic potential as do fly ash and cement kiln dust.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, National Building Research Institute, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. akatz@tx.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovler
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D060729:Coal Ash; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000592:standards*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D017745:Incineration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D008906:Mining; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C006647:asphalt