title: Causes for improvement in nutritive value of broiler chicken diets with whole wheat instead of ground wheat.
abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted with broiler chicks to compare nutritive values of ground and whole wheat diets containing titanium oxide as indigestible marker. 2. In Experiment 1, a wheat and soy isolate based cold-pelleted diet, in which all the wheat was ground in a hammer mill to pass through a 3 mm sieve, was compared with a diet in which about half (375 g/kg) of the ground wheat was taken out of the diet and supplied as whole wheat mixed into the diet after pelleting. 3. In Experiment 2, a diet based on ground wheat and soy isolate which was pelleted after preconditioning (final temperature 81 degrees C) was compared with a diet in which 500 g of the ground wheat was replaced by whole wheat mixed into the diet before pelleting. 4. In Experiment 1, replacement of ground wheat with whole wheat increased apparent metabolisable energy (AME) content and starch digestibility measured at ileal as well as faecal level, while weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were not affected. Jejunal chyme showed increased amylase activity and bile salt concentration. 5. In Experiment 2, replacement of ground wheat with whole wheat increased dry matter content as well as bile content of gizzard, and stimulated an increase in gizzard as well as pancreas weight. Jejunal amylase and bile concentrations were not significantly affected and neither were growth, FCE or AME. 6. Results from this experiment indicate that the improved feed value sometimes observed with whole wheat may be associated with modulation of digestive processes resulting in increased pancreas and liver secretions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway, Oslo, Norway. birger.svihus@ihf.nlh.no
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Svihus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juvik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hetland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krogdahl
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011897:Random Allocation; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D000681:Amylases