title: Magnetic brain stimulation can improve clinical outcome in incomplete spinal cord injured patients.
abstract: METHODS
  Preliminary longitudinal clinical trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in modulating corticospinal inhibition and improving recovery in stable incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Bucks, UK and Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four stable iSCI patients were treated with rTMS over the occipital cortex (sham treatment) and then over the motor cortex (real treatment). Patients were assessed using electrophysiological, clinical and functional measures before treatment, during sham treatment, during the therapeutic treatment and during a 3-week follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cortical inhibition was reduced during the treatment week. Perceptual threshold to electrical stimulation of the skin, ASIA clinical measures of motor and sensory function and time to complete a peg-board improved and remained improved into the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary trial, rTMS has been shown to alter cortical inhibition in iSCI and improve the clinical and functional outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This work was supported by the International Spinal Research Trust.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience & Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Davey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome