title: Cohort study of sibling effect, infectious diseases, and risk of atopic dermatitis during first 18 months of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether early infectious diseases could explain the association between number of siblings and other markers of microbial exposure and the development of atopic dermatitis before the age of 18 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study. Information on atopic dermatitis, infectious diseases occurring before 6 months of age, number of siblings, early day care, pet keeping, farm residence, and background factors was collected in telephone interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Danish national birth cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  24,341 mother-child pairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence rate ratios of atopic dermatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13,070 children (54%) had at least one clinically apparent infectious disease before 6 months of age. At age 18 months, 2638 (10.8%) of the children had had atopic dermatitis. The risk of atopic dermatitis increased with each infectious disease before 6 months of age (incidence rate ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.13). The risk of atopic dermatitis decreased with each additional exposure to three or more siblings, day care, pet ownership, and farm residence (0.86, 0.81 to 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early infections do not seem to protect against allergic diseases. The protective effect of number of siblings, day care, pet ownership, and farm residence remained after adjustment for clinically apparent infectious diseases, suggesting that the effect is established independently early in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark. cb@ssi.dk
authors.forename: Christine Stabell
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Benn
authors.forename: Mads
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melbye
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wohlfahrt
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Björkstén
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aaby
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D035781:Siblings