title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits macrophage responses to IFN-gamma through myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis overcomes macrophage bactericidal activities and persists intracellularly. One mechanism by which M. tuberculosis avoids macrophage killing might be through inhibition of IFN-gamma-mediated signaling. In this study we provide evidence that at least two distinct components of M. tuberculosis, the 19-kDa lipoprotein and cell wall peptidoglycan (contained in the mycolylarabinogalactan peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex), inhibit macrophage responses to IFN-gamma at a transcriptional level. Moreover, these components engage distinct proximal signaling pathways to inhibit responses to IFN-gamma: the 19-kDa lipoprotein inhibits IFN-gamma signaling in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2-dependent and myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent fashion whereas mAGP inhibits independently of TLR2, TLR4, and myeloid differentiation factor 88. In addition to inhibiting the induction of specific IFN-gamma responsive genes, the 19-kDa lipoprotein and mAGP inhibit the ability of IFN-gamma to activate murine macrophages to kill virulent M. tuberculosis without inhibiting production of NO. These results imply that inhibition of macrophage responses to IFN-gamma may contribute to the inability of an apparently effective immune response to eradicate M. tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fortune
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solache
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Preston J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Belisle
authors.forename: Barry R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D005685:Galactans / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C087864:19 kDa antigen, Mycobacterium; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005685:Galactans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008074:Lipoproteins; C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C005653:arabinogalactan