title: The quality of pharmacologic care for vulnerable older patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although pharmacotherapy is critical to the medical care of older patients, medications can have considerable toxicity in this age group. To date, research has focused on inappropriate prescribing and policy efforts have aimed at access, but no comprehensive measurement of the quality of pharmacologic management using explicit criteria has been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the broad range of pharmacologic care processes for vulnerable older patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 managed care organizations enrolling older persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling high-risk patients 65 years of age or older continuously enrolled in the managed care organizations from 1 July 1998 to 31 July 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' receipt of care as specified in 43 quality indicators covering 4 domains of pharmacologic care: 1) prescribing indicated medications; 2) avoiding inappropriate medications; 3) education, continuity, and documentation; and 4) medication monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 475 vulnerable older patients, 372 (78%) consented to participate and had medical records that could be abstracted. The percentage of appropriate pharmacologic management ranged from 10% for documentation of risks of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to 100% for avoiding short-acting calcium-channel blockers in patients with heart failure and avoiding beta-blockers in patients with asthma. Pass rates for quality indicators in the "avoiding inappropriate medications" domain (97% [95% CI, 96% to 98%]) were significantly higher than pass rates for "prescribing indicated medications" (50% [CI, 45% to 55%]); "education, continuity, and documentation" (81% [CI, 79% to 84%]); and "medication monitoring" (64% [CI, 60% to 68%]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fewer than 10 patients were eligible for many of the quality indicators measured, and the generalizability of these findings in 2 managed care organizations to the general geriatric population is uncertain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failures to prescribe indicated medications, monitor medications appropriately, document necessary information, educate patients, and maintain continuity are more common prescribing problems than use of inappropriate drugs in older patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Shekelle
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Caren J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kamberg
authors.forename: Catherine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: Roy T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Reuben
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avorn
authors.forename: Neil S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Wenger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D004282:Documentation; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000592:standards; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000592:standards; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care