title: The Th1 /Th2 immune-type response of the recurrent aphthous ulceration analyzed by cDNA microarray.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reduced ability to activate oral tolerance plays a role in the pathogenesis of some gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. This activation may reflect a preferential reduction of a T-helper (Th)2- or Th3-type response. In recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU), genetic and environmental factors may contribute to low tolerance, permitting a cytotoxic reaction against the oral epithelium. The cytokine profile has not permitted the definition of RAU as resulting from enhanced Th1 or Th2 responses. A cDNA microarray study would allow the identification of differentially expressed genes and provide a basis for classification of the immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cDNA from 29 samples of aphthae and from 11 samples of normal mucosa from aphthae-free volunteers were hybridized on microarray membranes with 1176 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one differentially expressed genes were identified, and a higher expression level of the Th1 gene cluster in RAU was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microarrays permitted us definition of the gene expression profile of the lesion and identify an increased Th1 activity in RAU lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. rborra@mco.edu.imagelab@hydra.com.br
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Borra
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: I D C G
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgun
authors.forename: L L M
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Weckx
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Smirnova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*