title: Economic analysis of costs and consequences of the treatment of drug misuse: 2-year outcome data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some economic costs and consequences of drug misuse and treatment were investigated among clients recruited to the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a longitudinal prospective cohort design comprising 549 clients recruited from 54 residential and community treatment programmes: data were collected from interviews conducted at treatment intake, at 1 year and at 2-year follow-ups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment costs included index and other drug treatments. Costs were estimated for use of health and social care services, criminal activity and the use of criminal justice resources. Costs were based upon self-reported data collected by structured face-to-face interviews combined with unit cost estimates taken from a variety of sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addiction treatment was costed at pound 2.9 million in the 2 years prior to index treatment, and a further pound 4.4 million in the subsequent 2 years. Economic benefits were largely accounted for by reduced crime and victim costs of crime. Crime costs fell by pound 16.1 million during the first year, and by pound 11.3 million during the second year. Health-care costs were relatively small but approximately doubled during the course of the study. The ratio of consequences to net treatment investment varied from 18 : 1 to 9.5 : 1, depending on assumptions. This is likely to be a conservative estimate of the benefit-cost ratio because many potential benefits were not estimated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data showed clear economic benefits to treating drug misusers in England.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK. cg2@york.ac.uk
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gossop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy