title: [Microarrays].
abstract: Microarrays allow a simultaneous gene expression analysis of thousands of genes, providing an expression profile of the specimen investigated. Thus, this procedure is well suited to characterize the complex genetic alterations of malignant tumors. Using unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, characteristic expression profiles for individuals, organs and tissues, as well as for different cell types, can be identified. Molecular signatures have been observed in tumors compared to normal tissue, for different tumor stages, risk groups or response therapy. In prostate cancer, many tumor-specific gene expression alterations have been identified. Among these, the cell surface protease hepsin and alpha-methyl-acryl-CoA-racemase might gain importance as diagnostic tools. Moreover, gene expression profiles were identified which are associated with advanced tumor stage, poor differentiation or progress after radical prostatectomy. Increased expression of enzymes of steroid biosynthesis and the androgen receptor appears to be part of the molecular signature of hormone refractory prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Klinik der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. marc-oliver.grimm@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: M-O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000145:classification; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy