title: Vulvar venous malformations in an 11-year-old girl: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unlike varicosities, which result from venous insufficiency, vascular malformations are developmental errors that do not regress. While these lesions are challenging to treat in most anatomic locations, genital venous malformations are particularly difficult problems for the gynecologist, urologist, or primary care physician who may identify them. The risk of surgical treatment has led to investigation of new therapeutic options for these vascular lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe an 11-year-old premenarchal female with bilateral, symptomatic vulvar venous malformations. These lesions were successfully treated with Doppler ultrasound-guided direct injection venography and ethanol sclerotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct injection venography with ethanol sclerotherapy is an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic option for management of vulvar venous malformations.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Gynecologic Surgery and Radiology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Allison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Strickland
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014844:Vulva / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000431:Ethanol