title: Up-regulation of transcriptional factor E2F1 in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers.
abstract: Expression of genes in the Rb-E2F signaling pathway is controlled by E2F transcriptional factors originally defined as molecules that bind to the promoter of E2 adenovirus. The E2F gene family consists of six members and is designated E2F1-6. The Rb-E2F signaling pathway is among the main regulators of the cell cycle, hence its importance in differentiation and oncogenesis. We document here up-regulation of E2F1, but not other members of the E2F gene family, in 15 of 18 primary papillary thyroid cancers examined (83%) in comparison to corresponding noncancerous thyroid tissues and in all of 11 anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines (100%). The E2F4 gene, however, was down-regulated in 12 of the papillary thyroid cancers (67%). Immunohistochemical analysis with antibody to E2F1 revealed prominent intracellular E2F1 protein in most of the primary papillary cancers (16 of 18; 89%) but was not detectable in normal thyroid tissues. These data indicated that increased expression of the E2F1 gene might play a significant role in human thyroid carcinogenesis through derangement of the Rb-E2F signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Kanagawa Prefectural Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-0815, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Asaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.|Department of Surgery II, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akaishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.|Department of Surgery II, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takatsu
authors.affiliation: Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jinguumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8308, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.affiliation: Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jinguumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8308, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan. memi@nms.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D050704:E2F4 Transcription Factor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D050704:E2F4 Transcription Factor; C493762:E2F4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012313:RNA