title: [Effects of protease inhibitors on intestinal absorption of insulin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of protease inhibitors on the large and small intestinal absorption of insulin in rats and to explore the mechanism of various protease inhibitors in different intestinal regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intestinal absorption of insulin was evaluated by its hypoglycemic effect and serum insulin level using an in situ loop method with the washing treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of insulin alone did not decrease the glucose level at either intestinal region with or without the washing treatment. With the unwashing treatment, there were no hypoglycemic effects in small intestinal loop when coadministration of insulin with protease inhibitors. With the washing treatment, the biological effects of insulin were amplified a little in small intestinal loop; obvious hypoglycemic effects were found in large intestinal loop with or without the washing treatment. The effectiveness of protease inhibitors was susceptible to their categories, concentrations and activities of proteolytic enzymes in different regions. The efficacy order of various protease inhibitors for enhancing hypoglycemic response of insulin was: leupeptin > sodium glycocholate > bacitracin > bestatin > cystatin; the percutaneous enhancement effects were observed in the presence of either sodium glycocholate or bacitracin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coadministration of protease inhibitors could increase the insulin efficacy more effectively in the large intestine than in the small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan 430070, China. pharmacyman@163.net
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei-san
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001414:Bacitracin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D006000:Glycocholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D007976:Leupeptins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D001414:Bacitracin; D006000:Glycocholic Acid; C032854:leupeptin