title: [Nocardiosis--is it frequently observed after the introduction of new immunosuppressive agents in renal transplantation?].
abstract: In our series of 1374 renal transplantations performed between February 1970 and December 2002, we observed 6 cases of infection due to Nocardia asteroides. There were 4 males and 2 females, aged 49.8 +/- 12 years (29 to 63 years). One patient received his first transplantation and the 5 others retransplants. Three patients had PRA > 80%, one 28% and one 40%. One patient was diabetic and two had HCV infection. Two of 6 patients experienced acute rejection episodes. Nocardiosis localisation was pulmonary in 5 cases, cerebral in two and mediastinal in one. All patients recovered after reduction of immunosuppression and appropriate antibiotherapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasole (TMP-SMX). When we analyzed the role of immunosuppression, we observed that only two cases were observed in the 933 recipients transplanted between 1985 and 2002 and receiving cyclosporin, contrasting with 4 cases among 174 recipients transplanted between 1996 and 2002 and receiving tacrolimus. Our data suggest that high immunologic risk patients, heavy immunosuppression, and perhaps tacrolimus-based immunosuppression are risk factors of nocardial infection. Early diagnosis of this severe infection, reduction of immunosuppression and appropriate therapy with TMP-SMX resulted in complete recovery in all our patients.
authors.affiliation: Service de néphrologie et transplantation rénale, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garrigue
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bismuth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesnik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taourel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mourad
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009617:Nocardia Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009616:Nocardia asteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D016559:Tacrolimus