title: Prospective evaluation of coagulation activation in pregnant women receiving low-molecular weight heparin.
abstract: Pregnancy is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) seems to be safe and effective in pregnant women. Normal pregnancy is accompanied by a state of hypercoagulability, indicated by an increase in markers of coagulation activation. In a prospective cohort study, we followed 61 women who received LMWH thromboprophylaxis throughout pregnancy because of a history of VTE, hereditary thrombophilia and/or previous pregnancy-related complications. The control group consisted of 113 healthy pregnant women without antithrombotics. D-Dimer, prothrombin fragment F1+2 (F1+2) and the resistance to activated protein C (APC-ratio) were measured in all women during the first, second and third trimester. Patients and controls did not significantly differ with regard to baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcome. A (recurrent) VTE was seen in one patient despite LMWH. D-Dimer levels significantly increased among patients and controls during pregnancy (p < 0.0001), and were significantly higher among patients compared with the controls (p <0.0001) [395 ng/ml (95% CI 340-458) and 249 ng/ml (95%CI 234-266); 710 ng/ml (95% CI 602-838) and 475 ng/ml (95% CI 431-523); 1089 ng/ml (95% CI 931-1273) and 822 ng/ml (95% CI 741-911); respectively]. Levels of F1+2 significantly increased while the APC-ratio significantly decreased during pregnancy among patients and controls. Despite LMWH, pregnancy is accompanied by a substantial activation of the coagulation system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology/Haemostaseology, University Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoke
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kyrle
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pabinger
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaider
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schönauer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quehenberger
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eichinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight