title: Activity (transcription) of the genes for MLH1, MSH2 and p53 in sporadic colorectal tumours with micro-satellite instability.
abstract: Micro-satellite instability (MSI) is relevant in the management of colorectal cancers (CRC) and relies on analysis of gene mutations, or production of the proteins involved in DNA mismatch repair (e.g. MLH1, MSH2). p53 mutation is also relevant in MSI, but high-level CRC (MSI-H) demonstrate fewer mutations than low-level (MSI-L) or stable (MSS) cancers. Recently, the importance of gene activity (transcription) in MSI has been identified, where rather than being mutated genes have been downregulated. In this study, 67 sporadic CRC and eight samples of normal bowel were analysed for MSI status (by SSCP) and levels of MLH1, MSH2 and p53 gene transcription (by RT-PCR and scanning densitometry). Micro-satellite instability correlated with gender and site, with more MSI-H CRC in females (P<0.02) and in the right colon (P<0.04). In MSI-H, p53 transcription was markedly reduced (P<0.003). Compared to normal bowel, MLH1 transcription was elevated in all cancers (P<0.01), while MSH2 transcription was elevated only in MSI-H (P<0.04). There was a direct correlation between MLH1 and MSH2 transcription (P<0.001). Although fewer mutations are reported in MSI-H than MSI-L/MSS, these results suggest that reduced p53 transcription might account for decreased tumour suppression in MSI-H. The direct correlation between MLH1 and MSH2 transcription suggests that control of these genes might be coordinated.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK.
authors.forename: S I H
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tou
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Drye
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Boulos
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein