title: Effect of slow-release indapamide and perindopril compared with amlodipine on 24-hour blood pressure and left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients of African ancestry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the treatment of hypertension in subjects of African origins, although hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is not as effective as calcium channel blockers, indapamide is superior to HCTZ. In the present study we therefore compared the effects of slow release (SR) indapamide with the calcium channel blocker amlodipine, when used as initial therapy, on blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular mass (LVM) during 6 months of treatment in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a mean daytime ambulatory diastolic BP > or =90 mm Hg and < or =110 mm Hg (n = 125, aged 53 +/- 11 years, 68% women) were randomized to receive open-label 1.5 mg of indapamide SR or 5 mg of amlodipine. If daytime ambulatory diastolic BP at 1 month was >/=90 mm Hg, 4 mg of perindopril was added to indapamide SR or the dose of amlodipine was increased to 10 mg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 month of therapy, there was an equivalent decline in systolic and diastolic BP in both groups (P <.0001). In the indapamide-treated group (n = 62) the daytime BP decreased from 153 +/- 12/101 +/- 6 mm Hg to 138 +/- 15/92 +/- 10 mm Hg and for amlodipine (n = 58), it decreased from 152 +/- 13/99 +/- 5 mm Hg to 138 +/- 12/91 +/- 8 mm Hg. At 6 months daytime ambulatory BP decreased to 130 +/- 15/86 +/- 8 mm Hg and to 129 +/- 11/85 +/- 5 mm Hg for the indapamide SR (n = 42) and amlodipine (n = 44) treatment groups, respectively. Both groups showed equivalent regression of LVM index and relative wall thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that in hypertensive patients of African ancestry initiating therapy with 1.5 mg of indapamide SR and then adding 4 mg of perindopril is equally as effective as amlodipine therapy at reducing BP, and modifying target organ damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Bertsham, Johannesburg 2013, South Africa. argenafrica@icon.co.za
authors.forename: Elena N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Libhaber
authors.forename: Carlos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Libhaber
authors.forename: Geoffrey P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Candy
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sliwa
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kachope
authors.forename: Ntombi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hlatshwayo
authors.forename: Mapenene O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Puane
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Woodiwiss
authors.forename: Gavin R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Mohamed R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Essop
authors.forename: Pinchas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sareli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects*; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007190:Indapamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020913:Perindopril / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics; D017311:Amlodipine; D007190:Indapamide; D020913:Perindopril