title: A follow-up study found that cardiovascular risk in middle age predicted mortality and quality of life in old age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular risk reduction, while saving lives, may prolong the time with disability and impair the quality of life in survivors. We compared the consequences of middle age cardiovascular risk in old age.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1974, risk was low in 593 (low-risk group) and high in 610 men (high-risk group). At baseline, all were healthy with similar age and socioeconomic status. Lifestyle and clinical factors, including quality of life (RAND-36), were surveyed with a questionnaire in 2000, and mortality was determined up to 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up, 303 men died, with mortality 54% higher in the high-risk group (P=.001). In the 2000 survey, high-risk men still had significantly greater BMI, higher blood glucose, higher prevalence of smoking, and more sedentary lifestyle, and they reported more both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. All the RAND-36 scales were worse in the high-risk group; of the two component summary scores, physical (PCS), but not mental (MCS) score, was significantly lower in the high-risk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low cardiovascular risk in middle age was associated with lower mortality, morbidity, and better quality of life in old age 26 years later. The results may support the theory of compression of morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Geriatric Clinic, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: Timo E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: Veikko V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.forename: Kaisu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pitkälä
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Häppölä
authors.forename: Tatu A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life