title: Scaphoid and lunate motion during a wrist dart throw motion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary purpose of this study was to measure the in vitro scaphoid and lunate motion during 9 different variations of a wrist dart throw motion. Another goal was to determine the specific dart throw motion that minimized scaphoid and lunate motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scaphoid and lunate motion were recorded in 7 cadaver forearms during various combinations of wrist dart throw motions caused by a wrist joint motion simulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During wrist flexion and extension the scaphoid and lunate motions follow the wrist motion. During wrist radial and ulnar deviation the scaphoid and lunate correspondingly flex and extend. During intermediate motions the scaphoid and lunate move as little as 26% of the total third metacarpal motion and do not necessarily follow a planar motion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that there may be a dart throw motion during which there may be minimal scaphoid and lunate motion. If a subject's wrist motion could be clinically restricted to this dart throw motion, early hand mobility might be possible after surgery on the scaphoid and lunate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute for Human Performance, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masaoka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012667:Lunate Bone / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000502:physiology