Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei.
NASA's recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment focused on anvil cirrus clouds, an important but poorly understood element of our climate system. The data obtained included the first comprehensive measurements of aerosols and cloud particles throughout the atmospheric column during the evolution of multiple deep convective storm systems. Coupling these new measurements with detailed cloud simulations that resolve the size distributions of aerosols and cloud particles, we found several lines of evidence indicating that most anvil crystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols. This result defies conventional wisdom and suggests that distant pollution sources may have a greater effect on anvil clouds than do local sources.
Fridlind
Ann M
AM
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ann.fridlind@nasa.gov
Ackerman
Andrew S
AS
Jensen
Eric J
EJ
Heymsfield
Andrew J
AJ
Poellot
Michael R
MR
Stevens
David E
DE
Wang
Donghai
D
Miloshevich
Larry M
LM
Baumgardner
Darrel
D
Lawson
R Paul
RP
Wilson
James C
JC
Flagan
Richard C
RC
Seinfeld
John H
JH
Jonsson
Haflidi H
HH
VanReken
Timothy M
TM
Varutbangkul
Varuntida
V
Rissman
Tracey A
TA