title: [Non-invasive fetal RhD typing and RhD negative pregnant women--preliminary observations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For a follow up of a pregnancy in a RhD neg women it is crucial to learn whether her fetus is RhD pos or neg.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Detection of fetal RHD gene in the plasma of RhD neg mother in various periods of pregnancy and a comparison with RhD of a newborn. 45 plasma samples from various periods of pregnancy from 28 RhD neg women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examination of: RHD (exon 7 and 10), SRY, GSTM1 and ACE using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal RHD was detected in all 23 mothers with RhD pos child; in one of them, in the 12th week of gestation, RHD was detected only using primers for exon 7, however in the 21st--the presence of both RHD exons was confirmed. Five mothers delivered RhD neg newborns--both RHD exons were not detected. In all 5 cases other fetal genes were examined to be certain that the fetal DNA was analysed. In all 3 mothers who delivered RhD neg boys, the SRY was detected. Among 2 mothers who delivered RhD neg girls, the presence of fetal DNA was confirmed in one, by GSTM1 detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) Real-time PCR is an appropriate, non-invasive method for fetal RhD examination. 2) Two RHD exons should be examined. 3) Control genes should be investigated and found to be sure that negative result of the RHD was not false negative due to the lack of fetal DNA; SRY is an appropriate control for boys, while for girls further investigations are needed, which are in progress.
authors.affiliation: Regionalnego Centrum Krwiodawstwa i Krwiolecznictwa w Radomiu.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guz
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brojer
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zupańska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orzińska
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalińska
authors.forename: Jarosław Rumas
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000276:immunology*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D012203:Rh Isoimmunization / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin