title: Carbon monoxide improves cardiac energetics and safeguards the heart during reperfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass in pigs.
abstract: Ischemia-reperfusion injury, a clinical problem during cardiac surgery, involves worsened adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) generation and damage to the heart. We studied carbon monoxide (CO) pretreatment, proven valuable in rodents but not previously tested in large animals, for its effects on pig hearts subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest. Hearts of CO-treated pigs showed significantly higher ATP and phosphocreatine levels, less interstitial edema, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and required fewer defibrillations after bypass. We conclude that treatment with CO improves the energy status, prevents edema formation and apoptosis, and facilitates recovery in a clinically relevant model of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department Medicina Sperimentale Ambientale e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20052 Monza, Milano, Italy. marialuisa.lavitrano@unimib.it
authors.forename: Marialuisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavitrano
authors.forename: Ryszard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Smolenski
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccherini
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Slominska
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Florio
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bracco
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stassi
authors.forename: Mariella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giovannoni
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Froio
authors.forename: Felicetta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simeone
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Alise
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: Leo E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Otterbein
authors.forename: Magdi H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yacoub
authors.forename: Fritz H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calise
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D009243:NAD; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D009249:NADP; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate