title: In vitro susceptibility of recent antibiotic-resistant urinary pathogens to ertapenem and 12 other antibiotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of complicated urinary tract infections may require the use of a parenteral antibiotic with potent activity against the most common urinary pathogens. Ertapenem is a broad-spectrum 1beta-methyl carbapenem with a long plasma half-life that allows administration of a single daily dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this work was to test the in vitro susceptibility to ertapenem, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, co-amoxiclav, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole of 482 strains of urinary pathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in the community of Madrid (40% from males). The distribution was as follows: Escherichia coli (n = 315), Proteus mirabilis (n = 42), Klebsiella spp. (n = 14) and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae (n = 111). The strains studied were selected based on their resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides, and their production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC-type beta-lactamases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the strains were susceptible to ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. The MIC(90) of ertapenem ranged from a minimum of 0.03 mg/L for Proteus vulgaris and a maximum of 1 mg/L for Enterobacter spp. Ertapenem was the most active of all drugs tested in all cases. On comparing antibiotic resistance among ESBL-producing strains of E. coli (n = 35) and E. coli strains not producing ESBLs (n = 280), statistically significant differences were obtained for ciprofloxacin (P = 0.002) and gentamicin (P = 0.011). Regarding ertapenem, only a slight increase in MIC(50) was seen, the value being 0.015 mg/L for strains not producing ESBLs versus 0.03 mg/L for ESBL-producing strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of its significant antibiotic potency against antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ertapenem may constitute a good therapeutic alternative in urinary infections caused by these pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital de Móstoles, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhambra
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cuadros
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cacho
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gómez-Garcés
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Alós
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D000077727:Ertapenem; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007769:Lactams; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007769:Lactams; D047090:beta-Lactams; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D000077727:Ertapenem