title: Assessment of coverage rates and bias using double sampling methodology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1999, a survey of the health status of six rural central New York counties was performed using double sampling. The resulting impact of the methodology on health outcome prevalence estimation was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six counties were double sampled using methodology described by Neyman. Prevalence of health outcomes was estimated for the initial survey responders, nonresponders who subsequently responded after being offered a financial incentive, and both groups combined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although both groups were similar on demographic variables, they differed significantly on several disease and health behavior prevalences. The failure to use double sampling would have resulted in overestimation of the prevalence of chronic disease by as much as 6.2% for females and 2.0% for males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double sampling increased the generalizability of the results from approximately 35% of the population to over 70%, and decreased the bias in the estimation of many of the health end points.
authors.affiliation: Bassett Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA. paul.jenkins@bassett.org
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheim
authors.forename: Jen-Ting
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015995:Prevalence; D015980:Public Health Practice; D012424:Rural Population; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking