title: Molecular targets for cancer therapy and prevention.
abstract: Despite major improvements in patient management, the prognosis for patients with lung cancer remains dismal. As our knowledge of the molecular biology of cancers has increased, new targets for therapeutic interventions have been identified. In this article, we discuss some of the more recent developments in this field. They include revisiting some of the established concepts, such as retinoid metabolism and the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 metabolism. In addition, newer targets, such as transforming growth factor-beta signaling, Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway, and cell invasion are discussed. These studies demonstrate that multiple, often overlapping, mechanisms of disruption are present in lung cancer cells, presenting a plethora of molecular targets.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA. adi.Gazdar@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Adi F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gazdar
authors.forename: Kuniharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ubaradka G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Sathyanarayana
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shivapurkar
mesh_terms: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008967:Molecular Biology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases