title: Pain during mammography: the role of coping strategies.
abstract: This study examined the pain/discomfort ratings during mammography and their relationship to pain-coping strategies. Prior to their mammogram in order to assess how they cope with day-to-day pain experience 220 women completed an Iranian translation of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (IR-CSQ). Immediately after mammography, all subjects completed a modified version of the IR-CSQ to assess their coping style with pain during mammography. Ratings of pain/discomfort during the mammogram were also collected, using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale and a 6-point Pain/Discomfort Rating Scale (PRDS). Up to 92% of the women reported that the mammogram examination was painful. However, considerable variability in pain ratings was found, with some women reporting severe pain and others reporting little or no pain. While the ratings of coping effectiveness in facing day-to-day pain experience were not significantly related to mammography pain ratings, there was a significant association between the ratings of coping efficacy in facing mammography pain specifically and measures of mammography pain. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses revealed that while higher use of catastrophising and coping self-statements in facing mammography pain were predictors of more severe pain during mammography, higher use of ignoring pain sensations was predictive of less severe pain during mammography. The potential significance of these findings for identifying patients at risk of poor adjustment to chronic pain is discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Shahed, P.O. Box 14155-7137, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asghari
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nicholas
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis