title: Tuning the volume of the immune response: strength and persistence of stimulation determine migration and cytokine secretion of dendritic cells.
abstract: Migration to lymph nodes and secretion of cytokines are critical functions of mature dendritic cells (DCs); however, these 2 functions are not necessarily linked. This is the first report showing that quantitative differences in identical signaling pathways determine DC migration and cytokine secretion. Using different polymerized forms of CD40 ligand, we demonstrate that the strength and persistence of CD40 signaling can induce either function. Induction of monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) migration required a weak and transient CD40 signal, whereas strong and persistent CD40 signaling blocked migration and biased toward cytokine secretion. In contrast to MoDCs, CD40 activation of CD1c+ peripheral blood DCs (PBDCs) induced a nonpersistent, intracellular signaling profile resulting in migratory-type DCs unable to secrete interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38K activation synergistically mediated cytokine secretion, whereas migration was enhanced by p38K activation but reduced by persistent ERK1/2 activity. This model of signal strength and persistence also applied when stimulating DCs with intact microbes. Thus, a novel concept emerges in which the type of immune response induced by DCs is tuned by the strength and persistence of DC activating signals.
authors.affiliation: The German Cancer Research Center, Department of Molecular Oncology/Hematology, Heidelberg, Germany. thomas.luft@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maraskovsky
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnurr
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knebel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Görner
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skoda
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bierhaus
mesh_terms: D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000502:physiology; D002633:Chemotaxis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C515482:CCL22 protein, human; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D021122:Protein Subunits; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018664:Interleukin-12; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases