title: Oral disease burden in Northern Manhattan patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the association between diabetes mellitus and oral disease in a low-socioeconomic-status urban population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental records of 150 adults with diabetes and 150 nondiabetic controls from the dental clinic at Columbia University in Northern Manhattan matched by age and gender were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 50% increase in alveolar bone loss in diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic controls. Diabetes, increasing age, male gender, and use of tobacco products had a statistically significant effect on bone loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence that diabetes is an added risk for oral disease in this low-income, underserved population of Northern Manhattan. Oral disease prevention and treatment programs may need to be part of the standards of continuing care for patients with diabetes
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, 630 W. 168th Street, PH7E-110, New York, NY 10032, USA. EL94@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lalla
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Panos N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Papapanou
authors.forename: Ira B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Lamster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012923:Social Class; D014505:Urban Population