title: Exercise versus recovery electrocardiography in predicting mortality in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise testing after acute myocardial infarction has limited prognostic accuracy. We prospectively used stress-recovery, heart rate-adjusted, ST-segment analysis to predict cardiac death in this clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stress-recovery index, defined as the difference in absolute values of the areas designated by ST depression in the heart-rate domain during exercise and recovery, was derived in 708 survivors of a first myocardial infarction. To assess whether it contributed additional prognostic information to routinely obtained information, clinical data, resting ejection fraction, and exercise testing data were entered into a sequential Cox model; the stress-recovery index was entered last. Model validation was performed by bootstrapping adjusted for the degree of optimism in estimates. Survival curves were set up using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension (OR 1.3, 95%CI 0.9-4.6), exercise capacity (OR 0.6, 95%CI 0.3-1.1 for the interquartile difference in kilopounds per minute), and the stress-recovery index (OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5-0.9 for the interquartile difference) were independent predictors of cardiac death at a median follow-up of 32 months. However, the stress-recovery index enhanced the prognostic power of the model on top of clinical and exercise testing variables in all diagnostic subgroups according to ST-segment analysis and significantly discriminated survival. A simple nomogram was generated from the fitted Cox model to estimate risk in individual patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress-recovery, heart rate-adjusted, ST-segment analysis predicts cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction and provides additional prognostic information over clinical and exercise testing data.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. rbigi@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bigi
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cortigiani
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gregori
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Chiara
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorentini
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate