Propofol: a gastroenterologist's perspective.
The use of propofol for GI endoscopy has left the realm of experimentation and is now a viable alternative to standard sedation and analgesia. In the hands of appropriately trained gastroenterologists and registered nurses, propofol has been shown to be superior to standard sedation and analgesia in terms of patient satisfaction and comfort and shorter recovery parameters. Comparative studies have found it to be as safe as the regimens that are used for standard sedation and analgesia. Its narrow therapeutic window demands that specially trained personnel who are not directly involved in the endoscopic procedure administer it. Cost-effectiveness data suggest that propofol is superior to conventional sedation and analgesia, even with the use of added personnel.The importance of pre-procedural assessment and appropriate monitoring cannot be overemphasized. The endoscopist must have a thorough knowledge of the pharmacology of the agents used for sedation and the training necessary to recognize and manage over sedation. Numerous regulatory groups are carefully scrutinizing the practice of sedation and analgesia. It seems that ventilatory monitoring will be required for at least a subset of patients. Although hypercapnia and apnea can be reliably measured, the most important questions to be answered are if such monitoring affects patient outcomes and which patients are at risk for apnea and alveolar hypoventilation.
Vargo
John J
JJ
Section of Therapeutic Endoscopy, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. vargoj@ccf.org
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000592:standards*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol