title: Physicians practicing in methadone treatment programs: who are they and what do they do?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the characteristics and roles of physicians practicing in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MTPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians and clinic directors at 172 MTPs in the United States completed surveys. MTPs were selected for study participation based on their locations (large urban, urban, or nonurban area) ownership status (for profit and non-profit), and size (patient capacity of 1-100, 101-300, and 300+). Weighted data were analyzed with descriptive and multivariate methods. RESULTS. Physicians were primarily white males aged 45 or older; 44% had 10 or more years of experience working in methadone treatment. Physicians reported spending 26% of their time completing administrative tasks. Most reported that they determine dosing levels on an individual patient basis. Average maintenance dose was 69 mg/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians' treatment practices play a major role in overall treatment, treatment retention, and outcomes. Physicians at for-profit and large urban MTPs reported spending the most time in direct patient contact.
authors.affiliation: RTI (Research Triangle Institute) International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-1294, USA.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wechsberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kasten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suerken
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crum
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Diesenhaus
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007325:Institutional Practice / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008691:Methadone