title: Clinical impact of antibody formation to botulinum toxin A in children.
abstract: We studied the clinical impact of neutralizing antibodies to botulinum toxin A that occurred during long-term treatment of children between 1993 and 2001. Antibodies were found in high titers in 35 of 110 (31.8%) samples from individual patients. Antibody formation correlated with secondary nonresponse (p < 0.001). The most significant risk factors for antibody formation were the frequency of treatments (p = 0.0001) and the injection of a higher weight-adapted maximum dose per treatment (p = 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Clinic Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geth
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bigalke
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte Mönting
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirschner
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berweck
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korinthenberg
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heinen
authors.forename: Urban M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Fietzek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A