title: An automatic method for scoring leg movements in polygraphic sleep recordings and its validity in comparison to visual scoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study presents an automatic method for scoring leg movements in polysomnographic recordings and describes an empirical investigation of its validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leg movements measured by means of the surface electromyogram activation of the right and left tibialis anterior muscle contained in 24 digitally recorded all-night polysomnograms were analyzed visually according to the American Sleep Disorders Association guidelines by 2 experienced raters and automatically scored using a newly developed electromyogram-based analytical method. Two visual scorings and the automatic scoring were compared in pairs using descriptive and confirmative statistical methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  METHODS
  All-night polysomnograms of adaptation nights at the sleep laboratory of 10 patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) according to the International RLS Study Group.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement rates between the 2 well-trained scorers and the automatic method were comparable. Based on the first scorer's results (100%) 92.5% of the movements were detected by the second scorer and 94.3% by the automatic method. When the visual scorings were compared, the rate of false-positive and false-negative errors were 7% and 3%, respectively. Comparing both visual scorings with the results of the automatic scoring yielded false-positive and false-negative rates in the range from 3% to 8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of accordance between the 2 visual scorings and between the visual and the automatic scorings were comparable. Therefore, this method is valid and may be used for the automatic detection of leg movements in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. wetter@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wetter
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dirlich
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streit
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trenkwalder
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuld
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pollmächer
mesh_terms: D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013977:Tibia; D014796:Visual Perception