title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and trkB signaling in parasympathetic neurons: relevance to regulating alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors and synaptic function.
abstract: Parasympathetic neurons do not require neurotrophins for survival and are thought to lack high-affinity neurotrophin receptors (i.e., trks). We report here, however, that mRNAs encoding both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (trkB) are expressed in the parasympathetic chick ciliary ganglion (CG) and that BDNF-like protein is present in the ganglion and in the iris, an important peripheral target of ciliary neurons. Moreover, CG neurons express surface trkB and exogenous BDNF not only initiates trk-dependent signaling, but also alters nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression and synaptic transmission. In particular, BDNF applied to CG neurons rapidly activates cAMP-dependent response element-binding protein (CREB), and over the long-term selectively upregulates expression of alpha7-subunit-containing, homomeric nAChRs (alpha7-nAChRs), increasing alpha7-subunit mRNA levels, alpha7-nAChR surface sites, and alpha7-nAChR-mediated whole-cell currents. At nicotinic synapses formed on CG neurons in culture, brief and long-term BDNF treatments also increase the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs, most of which are mediated by heteromeric nAChRs containing alpha3, alpha5, beta4, and beta2 subunits (alpha3*-nAChRs) with a minor contribution from alpha7-nAChRs. Our findings demonstrate unexpected roles for BDNF-induced, trk-dependent signaling in CG neurons, both in regulating expression of alpha7-nAChRs and in enhancing transmission at alpha3*-nAChR-mediated synapses. The presence of BDNF-like protein in CG and iris target coupled with that of functional trkB on CG neurons raise the possibility that signals generated by endogenous BDNF similarly influence alpha7-nAChRs and nicotinic synapses in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Ohio, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Toledo, Ohio 43614-5804, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Nai
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dittus
authors.forename: Marthe J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Margiotta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007498:Iris / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020813:Receptor, trkB / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; D020813:Receptor, trkB