title: [Contraceptive measures and HIV transmission protection among women with HIV/AIDS].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sexual intercourse is currently the route of transmission among women that has most contributed to the feminization of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. As an ongoing effort to establish more appropriate standards for health counseling, the study's purpose was to investigate the use of contraceptive methods that would also prevent HIV/AIDS women against disease transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exploratory study was developed in an outpatient clinic of a public university hospital, a reference center of HIV/AIDS patients in the mid-south region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during a 5-month-period (2000 and 2001). The study was carried out in 73 HIV/AIDS women. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire exploring subjects' sociodemographics, contraception method used and HIV status of their sex partners. A descriptive data analysis was performed and the contents of open answers were grouped into themes. Fischer's exact test was applied for analyzing some variables at a 5% significance level. Content analysis was carried out according to Bardin's proposal.(2)
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most women at reproductive age were married and had been infected almost exclusively through heterosexual contact. Of them, 35.4% reported having an HIV discordant partner and 13.7% used inadequate contraceptive methods that failed to protect them against HIV transmission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results call for the need of continuous education on safer sex among HIV/AIDS women to empower them to discuss with their partners alternative options of exercising their sexuality and to raise awareness on their contraceptive choices in a way to protect their own health, their partner's and even their unborn offspring's health.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. marli@ufc.br
authors.forename: Marli T Gimeniz
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.forename: Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Cerqueira
authors.forename: Jussara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcondes-Machado
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D000328:Adult; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors