title: Cdc14 phosphatase induces rDNA condensation and resolves cohesin-independent cohesion during budding yeast anaphase.
abstract: At anaphase onset, the protease separase triggers chromosome segregation by cleaving the chromosomal cohesin complex. Here, we show that cohesin destruction in metaphase is sufficient for segregation of much of the budding yeast genome, but not of the long arm of chromosome XII that contains the rDNA repeats. rDNA in metaphase, unlike most other sequences, remains in an undercondensed and topologically entangled state. Separase, concomitantly with cleaving cohesin, activates the phosphatase Cdc14. We find that Cdc14 exerts two effects on rDNA, both mediated by the condensin complex. Lengthwise condensation of rDNA shortens the chromosome XII arm sufficiently for segregation. This condensation depends on the aurora B kinase complex. Independently of condensation, Cdc14 induces condensin-dependent resolution of cohesin-independent rDNA linkage. Cdc14-dependent sister chromatid resolution at the rDNA could introduce a temporal order to chromosome segregation.
authors.affiliation: Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Vittorio L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Katis
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uhlmann
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000705:Anaphase / Q000235:genetics*; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000235:genetics; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000235:genetics*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064247:Separase; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D064247:Separase; D000097722:Cohesins; C074860:CDC14 protein, S cerevisiae; C108312:condensin complexes; C577986:ESP1 protein, S cerevisiae