title: An antimalarial extract from neem leaves is antiretroviral.
abstract: An acetone-water neem leaf extract with antimalarial activity was evaluated in vitro at 5 microg/ml for inhibition of adhesion of malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes and cancer cells to endothelial cells, and at 10 microg/ml for protection of lymphocytes against invasion by HIV. The extract was also evaluated in 10 patients with HIV/AIDS at 1000 mg daily for 30 d. The mean binding of infected erythrocytes and cancer cells per endothelial cell was 15 and 11 respectively in the absence of the extract, and 0 and 2 respectively in with the extract. In the absence and presence of the extract, 0% and 75%, respectively, of lymphocytes were protected. In the treated patients, haemoglobin concentration, mean CD4+ cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which were initially 9.8 g/dl, 126 cells/microl and 90 mm/h respectively, improved to 12.1 g/dl, 241 cells/microl and 49 mm/h. Mean bodyweight and platelet count, initially 57 kg and 328 x 10(3)/mm3 respectively, increased to 60 kg and 359 x 10(3)/mm3. No adverse effects were observed during the study. The extract showed antiretroviral activity with a mechanism of action that may involve inhibition of cytoadhesion. The results may help in the development of novel antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Udeinya
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Mbah
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chijioke
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D031601:Azadirachta; D001835:Body Weight; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010976:Platelet Count
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D010936:Plant Extracts