title: Sonographic evaluation of first-trimester bleeding.
abstract: Vaginal bleeding is a leading cause of presentation for emergency care during the first trimester of the pregnancy. Clinical assessment of the pregnancy outcome at this stage is less reliable. US examination is crucial in establishing IUP and early pregnancy failure and to exclude other causes of bleeding, such as ectopic pregnancy and molar pregnancy. Diagnosis of a normal IUP at this stage not only assists the physician in an expectant management, but also gives a psychologic boost to the patient. With recent advances in US technology and the availability of high-frequency transvaginal transducers, reliable diagnosis of early pregnancy failure can be made even before the embryo is visible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. paspulati@uhrad.com
authors.forename: Raj Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Paspulati
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Sherif Gamal
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Nour
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nour
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*