title: A quantitative study on the digital bones of cattle.
abstract: The bones of 64 digits from eight Holstein male cattle were studied quantitatively to determine whether any differences existed respective on the corresponding bones of the different digits. For this purpose, the greatest and abaxial greatest lengths, the smallest diaphysial breadths, the breadths of proximal and distal ends of the proximal and middle phalanges, the lengths of dorsal surfaces, the heights of extensor processes, the greatest diagonal lengths and the middle breadths of the soles from the distal phalanges were measured. Comparison showed that measurements between the right and left sides did not differ significantly. However, differences were found for almost all measurements between the forelimb and hindlimb. The proximal and middle phalanges were found to be shorter and broader in the forelimb and the broadness was more noticeable than the length. The distal phalanx of the medial forefoot had the greatest value in four measurements while the smallest values were found in the lateral hind foot. The results indicated that the morphometry of the digital bones could be important from both phylogenetic and clinical aspects.
authors.affiliation: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, PK: 17, 09016 Isikli-Aydin, Turkey. ocalk@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mehmet Kamil
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ocal
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sevil
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Parin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006614:Hindlimb; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014034:Toes / Q000033:anatomy & histology*