title: Psychiatric outcome following paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission: a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission is associated with greater psychiatric morbidity in children and parents as compared with general paediatric ward admissions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric intensive care unit and two general paediatric wards of a London teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 5-18 years discharged from PICU (exposed cohort) and general paediatric wards (unexposed cohort) 6-12 months previously, together with their parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children: the Clinician Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale for Children (CAPS-C), the Impact of Event Scale (IES), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Birleson Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Child Somatization Inventory. Parents: IES, General Health Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Thirty-five of 46 (76%) PICU-discharged families and 33 of 41 (80%) from general paediatric wards participated. Valid CAPS-C data were obtained for 19 PICU-admitted children and 27 children admitted only to the general paediatric ward; 4/19 (21%) of PICU-discharged children developed PTSD (compared with none of 27 ward admissions), p=0.02. PICU children had significantly more PTSD features of irritability and persistent avoidance of reminders of the admission. Parents of PICU children were more likely to screen positive for PTSD (9/33 (27%) compared with 2/29 (7%) parents of ward-admitted children), p=0.04. There were no significant differences between the groups for other measures of psychopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post traumatic stress disorder diagnosis and symptomatology is significantly more common in families where a child has been admitted to the PICU. Consideration should be given to providing psychological support for children and parents after PICU admission.
authors.affiliation: The Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
authors.forename: Gwyneth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gledhill
authors.forename: M Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garralda
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*