title: Genetic and environmental influences on mothering of adolescents: a comparison of two samples.
abstract: This study examined 2 samples of adolescents and mothers using a child-based design (Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development [NEAD] project, N = 395 families) and a parent-based design (Twin Moms [TM] project, N = 236 twin family pairs) to compare genetic and environmental influences on mothering. For both samples, the same measures of positivity, negativity, control, and monitoring were used. The use of matched child-based and parent-based samples enabled passive and nonpassive genotype-environment (GE) correlations to be approximated, providing information about process. Passive GE correlations were suggested for mother's positivity and monitoring. For mother's negativity and control, primarily nonpassive GE correlations were suggested. In several cases, both types of GE correlation were indicated. Finally, observer ratings of negativity and monitoring were influenced only by environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Family Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA. cfrjmn@gwumc.edu
authors.forename: Jenae M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neiderhiser
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Spotts
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cederblad
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ellhammer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D020132:Anticipation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers; D016487:Parenting; D012801:Sibling Relations; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D014743:Videotape Recording