title: Quantification and functional analysis of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are the major producers of interferon (IFN)- alpha within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed whether chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection could be linked to a defective function or number of PDCs. We evaluated the capacity of PBMCs from 5 cohorts of subjects to produce IFN- alpha after viral stimulation. We concomitantly analyzed the frequency of PDCs and the levels of IFN- alpha transcripts within the PBMCs from the same cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBMCs from patients with chronic HCV infection receiving antiviral therapy displayed a reduced capacity to release IFN- alpha, compared with those from healthy individuals, those from long-term responders to therapy, and those from nontreated patients. This defect was significantly correlated with the percentage of PDCs. In addition, PDCs from patients with chronic HCV infection receiving therapy displayed a reduced intrinsic capacity to produce IFN- alpha, which could be linked to the level of IFN- alpha transcripts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations point to an effect of the therapy on either the survival or the localization of PDCs, rather than a direct detrimental effect due to the viral infection during chronic HCV infection.
authors.affiliation: Unité Mixte de Recherche 2142, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Biomérieux, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Nadege
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goutagny
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vieux
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Decullier
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ligeoix
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trepo
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couzigou
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inchauspe
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012254:Ribavirin