title: Dietary differences among women of Polish descent by country of birth and duration of residency in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes in breast and gastric cancers and coronary artery disease among people of Polish descent after migration to the United States suggest there may be potentially modifiable factors affecting incidence of these diseases. We examined relationships of dietary factors associated with these diseases with stage of migration among Polish women in Chicago.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women of Polish descent (N = 396) were selected from Polish women's social organizations. Women completed a modified Health Habits and History Questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was completed either at the participant's home or at a Polish social organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants ranged in age from 17-81 years, and included women born in Poland or the United States, who had at least one parent of Polish.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were stratified by country of birth and migration period (1935-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1997).
  
  
  METHODS
  The average daily intake of food groups and nutrients was assessed using multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found statistically significant differences by birth country for 19 of 34 nutrients, 4 of 7 food groups, and for 21 nutrients, and 5 food groups among the different migration tertiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women from Poland and more recent migrants had generally more nutritious intakes, compared to US-born women, or earlier migrants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are significant dietary differences among women of Polish descent that vary by duration of US residency and birth country. Women with dietary intakes which place them at higher risk for cancers and cardiovascular disease could be targeted for interventions to lower their disease risk.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Medical School, Illinois, Chicago, USA. ddunham@nmff.org
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dunham
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czysczon
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piorkowski
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Persky
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002641:Chicago; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011044:Poland / Q000208:ethnology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016387:Women's Health / Q000208:ethnology*