title: Smoking cessation and its determinants among older American Indians: the Strong Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, and smoking history factors, and smoking cessation among older American Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nested cohort study of cigarette smokers in the Strong Heart Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease among American Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen American Indian tribes from Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota.
  
  
  METHODS
  American Indian men and women (N = 998), aged 45-74 years, who identified themselves as smokers at the initial Strong Heart Study examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one percent of smokers quit during the 4-year follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between baseline sociodemographic, clinical, and smoking history factors, and smoking cessation. Factors associated with smoking cessation included being 65-74 years old (odds ratio [OR] 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.3), being examined at the Arizona regional center (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3, 3.7), being non-daily smokers (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.3, 18.5), smoking fewer than 6 cigarettes daily (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3, 4.7), being a smoker for fewer years(OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.0, 3.9), beginning to smoke at an older age (17 years or older, OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1, 2.4), and having a history of diabetes (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2, 2.3). Factors not associated with smoking cessation included gender, level of education, childhood exposure to tobacco smoking, and a history of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or respiratory diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several determinants of smoking cessation among older American Indians identified in this study may have important implications for designing appropriate interventions for this special population.
authors.affiliation: American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA. pnhenderson@bhcaih.org
authors.forename: Patricia Nez
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: Dedra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buchwald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors