The process of hospital discharge for medical patients: a model.
BACKGROUND
The 1990 NHS Community Care Act established a requirement for hospital discharge policies and procedures in the United Kingdom to be developed in collaboration with local government authorities in order to ensure supported discharge for those in need.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study reported in this paper was to track decisions about hospital discharge in relation to outcomes for a sample of medical patients and their carers, identified as at risk of experiencing unsuccessful discharge processes.


METHODS
Themed unstructured interviews were conducted in three different hospitals with 30 patients identified as at risk of unsuccessful discharge and their carers pre- and postdischarge. Hospital, community and social care staff involved in the care of the patient were also interviewed.


RESULTS
Patients and carers were constantly negotiating their social roles, seeking to juggle appropriate identities and limited resources to maintain their own and each others' dignity and quality of life. When the negotiation process was destabilized (for example, by exacerbation of chronic disease, withdrawal of some resource, or the experience of additional stressors - not necessarily health-related), then either or both parties sought a way out. In all the cases examined the result was admission to hospital - usually, but not always, mediated by community professionals.


CONCLUSIONS
The effective discharge of patients from hospital needs to move from a functional focus on symptom management to a negotiation of quality of life that seeks to promote health for all parties involved.
Pearson
Pauline
P
Department of Primary Health Care, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Procter
Susan
S
Wilcockson
Jane
J
Allgar
Vicki
V
D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare / Q000458:organization & administration*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000592:standards*; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000639:trends; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D006113:United Kingdom