title: Low level of dopaminergic D2 receptor binding in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite growing evidence for involvement of the dopaminergic system in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the functional anatomy of the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia has been investigated sparsely.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dopamine D(2) receptor binding was assessed in 10 medication-free OCD patients and 10 healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, and handedness. The binding potential was measured with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and infusion of the D(2) receptor radiotracer [(123)I] iodobenzamide. With magnetic resonance imaging as reference, regions of interest (caudate and putamen) were delineated for each hemisphere and coregistered with the corresponding SPECT scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dopamine D(2) receptor binding in the left caudate nucleus was significantly lower in the patients with OCD than in healthy control subjects [F(1,18) = 7.0, p =.016]. In addition, an interhemispheric difference was observed in the patient sample. Both the D(2) receptor binding potential (df = 9, p =.012), and the volume (df = 9, p =.029) of the left caudate nucleus were statistically significantly reduced relative to the right caudate nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides in vivo evidence for abnormalities in the binding potential of the dopamine D(2) receptor, which suggest the direct involvement of the dopaminergic system in the pathophysiology of OCD.
authors.affiliation: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Damiaan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denys
authors.forename: Nic
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Wee
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Geus
authors.forename: Herman G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Westenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C055743:3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide