title: Flavor analysis in a pharmaceutical oral solution formulation using an electronic-nose.
abstract: Flavors are commonly used in pharmaceutical oral solutions and oral suspensions to mask drug bitterness and to make the formulation more palatable. Flavor analysis during product development is typically performed by human organoleptic analysis, which is often expensive and less objective. A novel approach using a metal oxide sensor-based instrument (electronic-nose) for headspace analysis was explored to replace human sensory perception for consistent qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavors in a pharmaceutical formulation. The use of the electronic-nose technique to qualitatively distinguish among six common flavoring agents (raspberry, red berry, strawberry, pineapple, orange, and cherry) in placebo formulations was demonstrated. The instrument was also employed to identify unknown flavors in drug formulation placebos. Raspberry flavor samples from different lots made by the same manufacturer, as well as freshly prepared and aged samples, were also distinguished by electronic-nose. Therefore, the instrument can potentially be used for identity testing of different flavor raw materials and the flavored solution formulations. The electronic-nose was also employed successfully for quantitative analysis of flavors in an oral solution formulation. The quantitative method might be used to assay the flavor concentration during release testing of the oral solution formulation or to monitor flavor shelf-life in the marketed container. It can also be implemented for packaging selection for the formulation in order to ensure the flavor shelf-life. Chemometric methodologies including principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant factorial analysis (DFA), and partial least squares (PLS), were used for data processing and identification.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., WP14-2E, West Point, PA 19486, USA. limin_zhu@merck.com
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Randal A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Seburg
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puech
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mifsud
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004581:Electronics; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions