title: [Rapid prototyping in planning reconstructive surgery of the head and neck. Review and evaluation of indications in clinical use].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to define the indications for use of rapid prototyping models based on data of patients treated with this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1987 our department has been developing methods of rapid prototyping in surgery planning. During the study, first the statistical and reproducible anatomical precision of rapid prototyping models was determined on pig skull measurements depending on CT parameters and method of rapid prototyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurements on stereolithography models and on selective laser sintered models confirmed an accuracy of +/-0.88 mm or 2.7% (maximum deviation: -3.0 mm to +3.2 mm) independently from CT parameters or method of rapid prototyping, respectively. With the same precision of models multilayer helical CT with a higher rate is the preferable method of data acquisition compared to conventional helical CT. From 1990 to 2002 in atotal of 122 patients, 127 rapid prototyping models were manufactured: in 112 patients stereolithography models, in 2 patients an additional stereolithography model, in 2 patients an additional selective laser sinter model, in 1 patient an additional milled model, and in 10 patients just a selective laser sinter model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstructive surgery, distraction osteogenesis including midface distraction, and dental implantology are proven to be the major indications for rapid prototyping as confirmed in a review of the literature. Surgery planning on rapid prototyping models should only be used in individual cases due to radiation dose and high costs. Routine use of this technique only seems to be indicated in skull reconstruction and distraction osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund- Kiefer- Gesichtschirurgie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg. josip@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bill
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Reuther
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003757:Dental Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery; D019767:Maxillofacial Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D003765:Models, Dental; D009065:Mouth Rehabilitation; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed