Vaccination strategies to prevent genital herpes and neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease.
Vaccination strategies to prevent genital and neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease have a history of apparent efficacy in animal studies followed by failure in clinical trials. Further study of the immune response induced by natural HSV infections in both adults and neonates will provide insight into the requirements for vaccination against acute disease and recurrences. Lessons can also be learnt from the recent partial success of a HSV-2 glycoprotein D vaccine coupled with monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant, which induced protection from clinical disease in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seronegative women. Its efficacy has been attributed to enhancement of Th-1 immunity by the adjuvant. Newer vaccine vectors including DNA vaccines, recombinant viral vaccines and specific HSV mutants are being developed but better animal models are required for more rapid progress. This review examines the history of HSV vaccine development, describes recent progress towards an effective prophylactic vaccine against HSV and outlines further improvements required to make current vaccines immunogenic to a wide population.
Jones
Cheryl A
CA
Herpesvirus Research Unit and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Cunningham
Anthony L
AL
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology
D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C040570:glycoprotein D-herpes simplex virus type 2