title: Miniature access pectus excavatum repair: Lessons we have learned.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common chest well deformity seen in children. In 1997, the Miniature Access Pectus Excavatum repair (MAPER) was presented by Nuss et al, adding a new option for PE repair. This operation entails placing a custom bent metal bar across the chest to mechanically raise the sternum and remodel the cartilage. The authors have added modifications to Nuss' original description of this operation in an attempt to optimize technique, minimize complications, and improve outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors have performed 52 MAPERs with an average operating time of 106 minutes, average length of stay of 3.9 days, and return to normal activities of 2 to 6 weeks. Modifications to Nuss' original description include preoperative evaluation consisting of an echocardiogram and pulmonary function tests (PFTs; with and without exercise and with and without bronchodilators), abandoning the use of routine preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, the use of unilateral positive pressure insufflation of the hemithorax to provide visualization, and anesthesia using an epidural pain catheter (intraoperative and postoperative for 3 days). Intraoperatively, we use a 70 degrees thoracoscope for optimal visualization, and we have modified their location for optimal visualization. Additionally, the bars are secured with surgical wire, not absorbable suture, to avoid bar slippage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperatively, we leave our bars in for 3 years and have had no recurrences. Furthermore, these patients require significant support during the time their bars are in place and occasionally require reoperation to fix symptomatic problems with their bar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the first description of the MAPER was presented more than 5 years ago, the operative treatment of PE has changed dramatically. The authors feel that the MAPER is superior to the open technique, and with the modifications they have implemented, complications have been minimized, and long-term results have been improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgical Services, The Woman and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
authors.forename: Garret S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Zallen
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery*; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome