title: Coronary collateral perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease: effect of metoprolol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of ultrathin Doppler angioplasty guidewires has made it possible to measure collateral flow quantitatively. Pharmacologic interventions have been shown to influence collateral flow and, thus, to affect myocardial ischaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PTCA were included in the present analysis. Coronary flow velocities were measured in the ipsilateral (n = 25) and contralateral (n = 6; two Doppler wires) vessels during PTCA with and without i.v. adenosine (140 microg/kg.min) before and 3 min after 5 mg metoprolol i.v., respectively. The ipsilateral Doppler wire was positioned distal to the stenosis, whereas the distal end of the contralateral wire was in an angiographically normal vessel. The flow signals of the ipsilateral wire were used to calculate the collateral flow index (CFI). CFI was defined as the ratio of flow velocity during balloon inflation divided by resting flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate and mean aortic pressure decreased slightly (ns) after i.v. metoprolol. The collateral flow index was 0.25+/-0.12 (one fourth of the resting coronary flow) during the first PTCA and 0.27+/-0.14 (ns versus first PTCA) during the second PTCA, but decreased with metoprolol to 0.16+/-0.08 (p<0.0001 vs. baseline) during the third PTCA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary collateral flow increased slightly but not significantly during maximal vasodilatation with adenosine but decreased in 23 of 25 patients after i.v. metoprolol. Thus, there is a reduction in coronary collateral flow with metoprolol, probably due to an increase in coronary collateral resistance or a reduction in oxygen demand.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Billinger
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raeber
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Windecker
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Otto M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D021721:Balloon Occlusion; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D008790:Metoprolol