title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia guided by intracardiac echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ventricular tachycardia (VT) frequently has an anatomical substrate. Identification of areas prone to arrhythmogenicity facilitates radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Furthermore, direct monitoring of complications potentially increases safety of RFCA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of guiding RFCA of VT with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), in order to improve outcome and procedural safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients (age 59 +/- 15 years) with drug-refractory VT of various etiologies were studied. VT mapping and ablation were performed using standard techniques. ICE was performed with a multifrequency (5-10 MHz) phased-array transducer positioned in the right ventricle. Twenty different VTs were treated (CL 352 +/- 120 ms, 2.0 +/- 0.9 VT per patient). LV a- or dyskinesia was identified in all post-infarct patients. In patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, right ventricular aneurysms and dyskinesia could be identified. In all patients catheter position and tip-tissue contact could easily be monitored with ICE. Procedural success (non-inducibility of hemodynamically stable VT) was achieved in all patients. Complications did not occur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICE is feasible in guiding RFCA of VT of different etiologies. The use of ICE in adjunction with fluoroscopy and mapping procedures will facilitate treatment of VT and may contribute to the safety of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M R M
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jongbloed
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: A E Borger
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: van der Burg
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Van der Wall
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schalij
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional