title: Evaluation of a contingency blood donor program on U.S. Navy submarines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the role of submarine warfare is shifting from strategic deterrence to littoral force projection, submarine providers will be required to manage combat trauma. Currently, submarine providers have only crystalloid available for the reversal of hemorrhagic shock. A proposal program to provide blood products on submarines was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Existing military emergency blood transfusion protocols were reviewed. The restrictions of donation/transfusion onboard submarines were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A protocol to provide screening for, implementation of, and a reporting system for contingency blood donation and transfusion onboard submarines was created. The protocol contains all the safeguards of existing U.S. Navy contingency donor programs with the exception of pretransfusion infectious disease testing and cross-matching. However, because the program does not require laboratory capability, it can be implemented by an independent duty corpsman onboard a submarine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol provides blood for the reversal of hemorrhagic shock onboard submarines in the event of traumatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Medical Corps, United States Navy, Department of Undersea Medicine, Branch Medical Clinic, Naval Submarine Base Bangor, 2050 Barb Street, Silverdale, WA 98315, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000145:classification; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012449:Safety; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000628:therapy*; D013366:Submarine Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States