title: Multistep electron transfer processes on dye co-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 films.
abstract: We report a method for achieving multilayer co-sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2 films. The method is based upon an aluminum isopropoxide treatment of the monosensitized film prior to deposition of a second sensitizer. Appropriate selection of sensitizer dyes allows vectorial, multistep, electron transfer processes, resulting in a suppression of interfacial charge recombination and a significantly improved photovoltaic device performance relative to single-layer co-sensitization devices.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Electronic Materials and Devices, Chemistry Department, Imperial College, South Kensington, Exhibition Road, SW 7 2AY London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palomares
authors.forename: Md K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nazeeruddin
authors.forename: Ravindranathan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thampi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grätzel
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Durrant