title: Ascaridole-less infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides contain a nematocide(s) that is(are) not toxic to mammalian smooth muscle.
abstract: Infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) have been used for centuries in the Americas as a popular remedy against intestinal worm infections. The essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides contains high levels of ascaridole, which is a potent anthelmintic, but which has also been responsible for human fatalities, leading to its disuse. Almost 90% of the nematocidal activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides infusions was due to a hydrophilic component different from ascaridole. Synthetic ascaridole and the ascaridole from infusions, extracted into hexane, caused a reduction of carbachol-induced contractions in rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle at concentrations required to kill Caenorhabditis elegans (L.). The herbal infusion and the ascaridole-free hexane-extracted aqueous residue of the above infusion, at nematocidal concentrations, had no detectable effect on smooth muscle contraction in the above system. It would appear that the traditional form of usage of Chenopodium ambrosioides infusions as a vermifuge is safer than the use of the herb's essential oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hons. Biology-Pharmacology Coop Programme, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: VanCrey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rangachari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sorger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects*; D027464:Chenopodium ambrosioides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010545:Peroxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C043372:ascaridole