title: [Radiation protectants of the crystalline lens].
abstract: During more than a half of century, numerous compounds have been tested in different models against radiation-induced cataract. In this report, we will review the radioprotectors that have been already tested for non-human crystalline lens protection. We will focus on the most important published studies in this topic and the mechanisms of cytoprotection reported in vitro and in vivo from animals. The most frequent mechanisms incriminated in the cytoprotective effect are: free radical scavenging, limitation of lipid peroxidation, modulation of cycle progression increase of intracellular reduced glutathion pool, reduction of DNA strand breaks and limitation of apoptotic cell death. Amifostine (or Ethyol) and anethole dithiolethione (or Sulfarlem), already used clinically as chemo- and radioprotectants, could be further tested for ocular radioprotection particularly for radiation-induced cataract.
authors.affiliation: Centre Oscar-Lambret, département de radiothérapie, 3, rue F. Combemale, université de Lille II, 59020 Lille, France. y-belkacemi@o-lambret.fr
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Belkacémi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pasquier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castelain
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Warnet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lartigau
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000781:Anethole Trithione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002417:Cattle; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004249:DNA Damage; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D005470:Fluorometry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine; D000781:Anethole Trithione