title: Influence of nitric oxide on microcirculation in pancreatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: an intravital microscopic study.
abstract: Recently, protective effects of nitric oxide donors in pancreatic ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) injury have been described. Their role in post-ischemic microcirculation was previously not investigated. Ischemia reperfusion was induced in an isolated pancreatic tail segment in situ. Animals were randomized to four experimental groups (n=7 animals/group), the control group (CO) received saline as placebo. Treatment groups received either sodium nitroprusside (SN) 5 min before until 2 h after reperfusion, L-arginine (LA) 30 min before reperfusion until 2 h after reperfusion or sodium nitroprusside and L-arginine (SNLA) together. After induction of ischemia (2 h) post-ischemic microcirculation was observed for 2 h by intravital-fluorescence microscopy. Functional-capillary density (FCD), leukocyte adherence in post-capillary venules (LAV) and histological damage were analysed. After reperfusion FCD decreased in all groups (P<0.05). FCD was significantly restored in all groups with administration of nitric oxide donors after reperfusion (P<0.05) as compared to CO without significant difference between the individual nitric oxide donor groups. Leukocyte adherence was significantly increased 1 h and 2 h after reperfusion (P<0.001) as compared to baseline, which was lower in all nitric oxide donor groups. Histological damage in the pancreatic tail-segment was significantly reduced in nitric oxide donor groups (P<0.01). Administration of nitric oxide donors might be useful in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the pancreas by its protective effect on microcirculation and inflammatory reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. robert.obermaier@web.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obermaier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Dobschuetz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muhs
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Drognitz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schareck
authors.forename: U T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Hopt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide