title: Leukocyte adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species in preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to compare the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and vasoactive substances in preeclampsia and matched normotensive pregnancies and to explore differences between pregnancy and the nonpregnant state regarding these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry was used to analyze the monocyte and granulocyte expression of adhesion molecules from 20 matched pairs of preeclampsia/normotensive pregnancies and 12 nonpregnant subjects. Basal levels of CD11b, CD11c, CD62L, and CD14 were measured. In addition, expression of human lymphocyte antigen-DR, CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 ratio were assessed. Basal reactive oxygen species levels, as well as reactivity upon in vitro stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, were measured in monocytes and granulocytes with the probes dihydroethidium, dichlorofluorescein-diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine-123. Further, the plasma levels of endothelin-1, the nitric oxide metabolites nitrite/nitrate, and total antioxidant status were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monocytes expressed significantly higher levels of CD11b and CD14 in preeclamptic patients compared with normotensive pregnant subjects, whereas CD11c was elevated on both monocytes and granulocytes in pregnancy compared with the nonpregnant state. Both monocytes and granulocytes displayed higher basal, as well as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated, amounts of reactive oxygen species in the preeclampsia group compared with the normotensive group. We also found the endothelin-1 and antioxidant levels significantly elevated in preeclampsia patients compared with normotensive subjects, whereas no differences were seen between the groups regarding nitrite/nitrate levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the maternal blood leukocytes are activated in preeclampsia and support the view that oxidative stress is a contributing factor in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Research Forum, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. m.r.holthe@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: Mette Ree
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Holthe
authors.forename: Anne Cathrine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Staff
authors.forename: Lillian Nordboe
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: Torstein
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lyberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019332:Endothelin-1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide