title: Lethal and sublethal effects of withanolides from Salpichroa origanifolia and analogues on Ceratitis capitata.
abstract: Biological effects on Ceratitis capitata were evaluated for several withanolides isolated from Salpichroa origanifolia (Solanaceae), (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5alpha,6alpha:22,26:24,25-triepoxy-26-hydroxy-17(13-->18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-one (salpichrolide A, 1), (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-22,26:24,25-diepoxy-5alpha,6beta,26-trihydroxy-17(13-->18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-one (salpichrolide C, 2), (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5alpha,6alpha;22,26:24,25-triepoxy-15,26-dihydroxy-17(13-->18)abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-one (salpichrolide G, 3), and (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5alpha,6alpha:22,26:24,25-triepoxy-1,26-dihydroxy-17(13-->18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraene (salpichrolide B, 5), and for chemically modified analogues. Influence of chemical modifications on development delay was analyzed. The compounds were incorporated into the larval diet and the adults' drinking water. Significant development delays from larvae to puparia were observed in treatments with the natural withanolides salpichrolides A, C, and G (1-3) at a concentration of 500 ppm. Salpichrolide B (5) was the most toxic compound, the highest mortality (95%) being observed at the larval stage. Exposure of adults to drinking water containing natural withanolides 1-3 and 5 produced mortality in all cases.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín, 4453 (1417) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bado
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mareggiani
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Veleiro
mesh_terms: D033622:Ceratitis capitata; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007306:Insecticides; D019657:Solanaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D054358:Withanolides
chemical_list: C433551:3-rhamnopyranosyl(1-4)-glucopyranosyl-12-diacetoxy-20-hydroxywitha-5,24-dienolide; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D007306:Insecticides; D054358:Withanolides; C453519:salpichrolide A; C453502:salpichrolide C; C453501:salpichrolide G; D004875:Ergosterol