Mechanisms of cellular senescence in human and mouse cells.
Telomere erosion is considered to be the main cause of the onset of replicative senescence. However, recent findings suggest that a senescent phenotype can be induced by a variety of other stimuli that act independently of telomeres. Moreover, telomere-dependent replicative senescence depends on the species of cell origin, in particular whether cells are of human or rodent origin. In addition, the tissue of origin may also dictate the pathway by which cells undergo replicative senescence. In this Review article, we categorize cellular senescence into two types, which for simplicity we term intrinsic or extrinsic senescence, focus on the differences between human and mouse cells, and discuss the roles of the p53 and pRb tumor suppressor pathways in cellular senescence.
Itahana
Koji
K
Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Campisi
Judith
J
Dimri
Goberdhan P
GP
D000818:Animals; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000502:physiology; D016615:Telomere / Q000502:physiology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology
C069077:BMI1 protein, human; C489421:Bmi1 protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1