title: Relationship between socioeconomic status and asthma: a longitudinal cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is conflicting information about the relationship between asthma and socioeconomic status, with different studies reporting no, positive, or inverse associations. Most of these studies have been cross sectional in design and have relied on subjective markers of asthma such as symptoms of wheeze. Many have been unable to control adequately for potential confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a prospective cohort study of approximately 1000 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-3. This sample has been assessed regularly throughout childhood and into adulthood, with detailed information collected on asthma symptoms, lung function, airway responsiveness, and atopy. The prevalence of these in relation to measures of socioeconomic status were analysed with and without controls for potential confounding influences including parental history of asthma, smoking, breast feeding, and birth order using cross sectional time series models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No consistent association was found between childhood or adult socioeconomic status and asthma prevalence, lung function, or airway responsiveness at any age. Having asthma made no difference to educational attainment or socioeconomic status by age 26. There were trends to increased atopy in children from higher socioeconomic status families consistent with previous reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socioeconomic status in childhood had no significant impact on the prevalence of asthma in this New Zealand born cohort. Generalisation of these results to other societies should be done with caution, but our results suggest that the previously reported associations may be due to confounding.
authors.affiliation: Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. bob.hancox@dhmdru.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hancox
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Herbison
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulton
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sears
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001722:Birth Order; D001942:Breast Feeding; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors