title: Back and neck pain exhibit many common features in old age: a population-based study of 4,486 Danish twins 70-102 years of age.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of data comprising 4486 Danish twins 70-102 years of age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the 1-month prevalence of back pain, neck pain, and concurrent back and neck pain and the development of these over time, associations with other health problems, education, smoking, and physical, and mental functioning.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Back pain and neck pain are prevalent symptoms in the population; however, there is little research addressing these conditions in older age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extensive interview data on health, lifestyle, social, and educational factors were collected in a nationwide cohort-sequential study of 70+-year-old Danish twins. Data for back pain, neck pain, lifetime prevalence of a comprehensive list of diseases, education, and self-rated health were based on self-report. Physical and mental functioning were measured using validated performance tests. Data including associated factors were analyzed in a cross-sectional analysis for answers given at entry into the study, and longitudinal analysis was performed for participants in all four surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 1-month prevalence for back pain only was 15%, for neck pain only 11%, and for concurrent back and neck pain 11%. The prevalence varied negligibly over time and between the age groups, and 63% of participants in all surveys had no episodes or only one episode of back or neck pain. Back pain and neck pain were associated with a number of other diseases and with poorer self-rated health. Back and neck pain sufferers had significantly lower scores on physical but not cognitive functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Back pain and neck pain are common, intermittent symptoms in old age. Back pain and neck pain are associated with general poor physical health in old age.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark. j.hartvigsen@nikkb.dk
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartvigsen
authors.forename: Kaare
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frederiksen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence