title: Association between surgical margins and long-term outcome in advanced hepatoblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with hepatoblastoma present with unresectable disease. Neoadjuvant therapy has improved resectability rates to as high as 70% to 90%. Despite this improvement, many patients will be left with tumors that are of borderline resectability. The authors hypothesize that favorable outcomes may be achieved even with resection margins less than 1 cm thus sparing the need for liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1981 and March 2003, 23 patients age less than 16 years with a diagnosis of hepatoblastoma undergoing surgical resection were identified. The clinical characteristics, pathologic resection margins, and survival status were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen (78%) of the patients were alive with no evidence of recurrence at last follow-up. Thirteen (56.5%) had > or =1 cm resection margins, whereas 10 (43.5%) had resection margins less than 1 cm. Eleven (47.8%) presented with PRETEXT III tumors. There was no significant difference in survival rate between resection margins less than 1 cm and > or =1 cm (P =.13; 95% CI 0.91 to 2.61). Thirteen patients (56.5%) presented with synchronous pulmonary metastatic disease, where survival was significantly worse (P =.04; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.50). Subgroup analysis confirmed that margins less than 1 cm did not significantly affect survival after controlling for pulmonary metastatic disease (P =.56; 95% CI 0.71 to 3.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical resection with margins less than 1 cm are associated with survival that is equivalent to resection with margins > or =1 cm. Our findings suggest it is preferable to preserve key structures with a small resection margin and therefore spare the need for liver transplantation in patients with advanced hepatoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Dicken
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bigam
authors.forename: Gordon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome