title: A single immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy decreases the risk of recurrence in patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of published results of randomized clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined if 1 immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection (TUR) decreases the risk of recurrence in patients with stage Ta T1 single and multiple bladder cancer overall and separately.
  
  
  METHODS
  A meta-analysis was performed of the published results of randomized clinical trials comparing TUR alone to TUR plus 1 immediate instillation of chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study included 7 randomized trials with recurrence information on 1476 patients. Based on a median followup of 3.4 years and a maximum of 14.5 years, 267 of 728 patients (36.7%) receiving 1 postoperative instillation of epirubicin, mitomycin C, thiotepa or (2'R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin (pirarubicin) had recurrence compared to 362 of 748 patients (48.4%) with TUR alone, a decrease of 39% in the odds of recurrence with chemotherapy (OR 0.61, p <0.0001). Patients with a single tumor (OR 0.61) and those with multiple tumors (OR 0.44) benefited. However, after 1 instillation 65.2% of patients with multiple tumors had recurrence compared to 35.8% of patients with single tumors, showing that 1 instillation alone is insufficient treatment for patients with multiple tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One immediate intravesical instillation of chemotherapy significantly decreases the risk of recurrence after TUR in patients with stage Ta T1 single and multiple bladder cancer. It is the treatment of choice in patients with a single, low risk papillary tumor and is recommended as the initial treatment after TUR in patients with higher risk tumors.
authors.affiliation: European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, the Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent, Belgium. rsy@eortc.be
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oosterlinck
authors.forename: Adrian P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: van der Meijden
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents