title: Standardization and quantification of radionuclide solid gastric-emptying studies.
abstract: The purposes of this investigation were to standardize and validate a simple quantitative method for performing radionuclide solid gastric emptying that can be used for any dual-head gamma-camera and to establish reference values.
  
  
  METHODS
  After eating a solid meal (egg sandwich) labeled with a radionuclide, 20 healthy volunteers (9 male, 11 female) underwent a 90-min gastric-emptying study performed with a triple-head gamma-camera. Two sets of 3 simultaneous projections were acquired sequentially for 30 s each: anterior, right posterior oblique (RPO), left posterior oblique (LPO), posterior, left anterior oblique (LAO), and right anterior oblique (RAO), and this sequence was repeated continuously for 90 min. Time-activity curves were generated using a gastric region of interest for each of the views as well as the conjugate-view geometric mean (GM) data for the anterior/posterior, LAO/RPO, and RAO/LPO combinations. Quantitative parameters were determined: percentage gastric emptying (%GE) at 90 min, half-time (min) based on an exponential fit, and clearance rate (%/min) based on a linear fit. Reference values were determined on the basis of a 95% confidence interval of the t distribution. The results were statistically analyzed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The %GE reference values were greater for the anterior/posterior GM (>or=33%) than for the LAO (>or=31%) and anterior (>or=30%) GMs. The 3 %GE GM methods, the 3 exponential-fit GM methods, and the 3 linear-fit GM methods had high correlation coefficients (r >or= 0.874), and with only a single exception, there was no statistical difference among them. The LAO method and LAO/RPO GM mean method correlated strongly (r = 0.900) and had similar mean values (52% vs. 51%) and reference values (29% vs. 30%). All 3 methods of GM quantification also correlated strongly, and there was no significant difference among them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have described and validated a simple method for radionuclide solid gastric emptying that can be used with a dual-head gamma-camera. We recommend the anterior/posterior GM method and have established reference values (>or=33%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. hziessm1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Harvey A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ziessman
authors.forename: Frederic H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012016:Reference Values; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid