Intramuscular neuromuscular electric stimulation for poststroke shoulder pain: a multicenter randomized clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of intramuscular neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) in reducing poststroke shoulder pain.


METHODS
Multicenter, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial.


METHODS
Ambulatory centers of 7 academic rehabilitation centers in the United States.


METHODS
Volunteer sample of 61 chronic stroke survivors with shoulder pain and subluxation.


METHODS
Treatment subjects received intramuscular NMES to the supraspinatus, posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and trapezius for 6 hours a day for 6 weeks. Control subjects were treated with a cuff-type sling for 6 weeks. Main outcome measure Brief Pain Inventory question 12 (BPI 12), an 11-point numeric rating scale administered in a blinded manner at the end of treatment, and at 3 and 6 months posttreatment.


RESULTS
The NMES group exhibited significantly higher proportions of success based on the 3-point or more reduction in BPI 12 success criterion at the end of treatment (65.6% vs 24.1%, P<.01), at 3 months (59.4% vs 20.7%, P<.01), and at 6 months (59.4% vs 27.6%, P<.05). By using the most stringent "no pain" criterion, the NMES group also exhibited significantly higher proportions of success at the end of treatment (34.4% vs 3.4%, P<.01), at 3 months (34.4% vs 0.0%, P<.001), and at 6 months (34.4% vs 10.3%, P<.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Intramuscular NMES reduces poststroke shoulder pain among those with shoulder subluxation and the effect is maintained for at least 6 months posttreatment.
Yu
David T
DT
Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
Chae
John
J
Walker
Maria E
ME
Kirsteins
Andrew
A
Elovic
Elie P
EP
Flanagan
Steven R
SR
Harvey
Richard L
RL
Zorowitz
Richard D
RD
Frost
Frederick S
FS
Grill
Julie H
JH
Feldstein
Michael
M
Fang
Zi-Ping
ZP
D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome