title: An exploratory analysis of correlates of recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The concept of recovery has received increasing emphasis in the delivery of services to persons with schizophrenia. This study was an initial effort to develop an empirically based model of factors associated with a recovery orientation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reanalyzed data from 825 persons with schizophrenia who were assessed in the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) client survey. Multiple regression models were used to identify client and service use variables associated with each of four domains identified as important to a recovery orientation: life satisfaction, hope and optimism, knowledge about mental illness and services, and empowerment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each regression model, the strongest relationship was observed between recovery orientation and lower severity of depressive symptoms. Both receipt of family psychoeducation and fewer side effects of medications were significantly and positively related to three of the four recovery domains. Psychotic symptoms were associated with less life satisfaction. Receipt of various services, including day treatment and legal services, was positively associated with knowledge about illness and services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severity of psychiatric symptoms, a core feature of the biomedical perspective of mental illness, was negatively associated with a recovery orientation, and use of a variety of standard services were positively associated with a recovery orientation. Thus a polarized view of biomedical and recovery perspectives on mental illness may be unfounded, given that these perspectives appear to be mutually reinforcing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Northeast Program Evaluation Center in West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA. sandy.resnick@yale.edu
authors.forename: Sandra G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rosenheck
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lehman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires