title: Nickel content of as-received and retrieved NiTi and stainless steel archwires: assessing the nickel release hypothesis.
abstract: This study assesses the nickel content of as-received and retrieved stainless steel and NiTi archwires alloys. New and used brand-matched, composition-matched, and cross section-matched archwires were subjected to scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive electron probe microanalysis. Elemental analysis was performed on three randomly selected areas, and the nickel content, expressed as ratios of Ni/Ti (in NiTi wires) or Ni/Fe (in stainless steel), was statistically analyzed with a t-test (alpha = .05). No changes were detected with respect to Ni content ratios between as-received and retrieved NiTi or stainless steel wires, suggesting an absence of nickel release. Wear and delamination phenomena on the wire surface and the formation of galvanic couple between the stainless steel wires and bracket brazing materials intraorally may modify the corrosion susceptibility of the wire alloys in clinical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Laboratory, Section of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens. Greece. teliades@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eliades
authors.forename: Spiros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zinelis
authors.forename: Moschos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eliades
authors.forename: Athanasios E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Athanasiou
mesh_terms: D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium