A comparison of the effects of ranitidine and omeprazole on volume and pH of gastric contents in elective surgical patients.
OBJECTIVE
In cases of aspiration of gastric contents the risk of pneumonitis is dependent on the pH and volume of the gastric contents. Omeprazole and rantidine each decrease gastric volume and increase gastric pH. We evaluated the efficacy of preoperative administration of omeprazole (60 mg) or ranitidine (150 mg) in the prophylaxis of aspiration pneumonitis.


METHODS
Data were obtained from 75 elective female surgical patients randomly allocated to one of three groups, who received either omeprazole 60 mg orally, or ranitidine 150 mg orally, or neither, on the evening prior to, and on the morning of, surgery. Gastric volume and pH was measured using blind aspiration.


RESULTS
Both pH < 2.5 and volume > 25 mL were present in none of the patients in either the ranitidine or omeprazole groups, compared to 15 of 25 control patients (P < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative oral administration of omeprazole (60 mg) or ranitidine (150 mg) reduced residual gastric content volume and increased pH > 2.5, possibly reducing the effects of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.
Gouda
B B
BB
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Pondicherry, India.
Lydon
A M
AM
Badhe
A
A
Shorten
G D
GD
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000295:instrumentation; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000517:prevention & control; D011292:Premedication; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D011899:Ranitidine; D007530:Isoflurane; D013874:Thiopental; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009853:Omeprazole