title: Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates.
abstract: The efficacy of insecticide mixtures of permethrin (pyrethroid) and propoxur (carbamate) was tested by larval bioassays on two strains of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), one resistant to pyrethroids and the other resistant to carbamates. The method consisted in combining one insecticide at the highest concentration causing no mortality (LC0) with increasing concentrations of the second one. The concentration-mortality regression lines were determined for permethrin and propoxur alone and in combination, and synergism ratios (SR) were calculated in order to determine the magnitude of an increase or decrease in efficacy with use of the mixtures. With the pyrethroid-resistant strain (BK-PER), the results showed that propoxur at LC0 significantly enhanced the insecticidal activity of permethrin (SR50 = 1.54), especially on the upper range of the concentration-mortality regression. Conversely, when permethrin at LC0 was tested with propoxur against the carbamate resistant strain (R-LAB), an antagonistic effect was observed (SR50 = 0.67). With the BK-PER strain, an increased oxidative detoxification (MFO) appeared to be the main mechanism responsible for the synergistic interaction. Nevertheless, antagonism in the R-LAB strain is probably due to a physiological perturbation implying different target sites for pyrethroid (ie sodium channel) and carbamate insecticides [ie acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.3.3.7) and choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6)].
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France. corbel@mpl.ird.fr
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Corbel
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandre
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Darriet
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hougard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002219:Carbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects*; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects*; D026023:Permethrin / Q000633:toxicity; D001074:Propoxur / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D026023:Permethrin; D001074:Propoxur