title: Predictors of virologic failure and resistance in HIV-infected patients treated with nevirapine- or efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) increases with the wider use of this class of antiretroviral therapy. The association between adherence and resistance to NNRTI-based regimens is poorly understood. Predictors of virologic failure and resistance according to a baseline evaluation of nonadherence risk factors were determined in a cohort of 71 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with early virologic response who received an NNRTI-based regimen. During the median follow-up of 29 months, 20 (28%) of 71 patients experienced virologic failure with an NNRTI-based regimen. Virologic failure was associated with repeated drug holidays (> or =48 h of unplanned drug cessation), depression, younger age, and low adherence to therapy during baseline evaluation. Moreover, repeated drug holidays was the only risk factor for developing a major mutation conferring cross-resistance to the NNRTI class (hazard ratio, 22.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.8-180.3; P<.0001). Patients' previous adherence to therapy and drugs genetic barriers, not only the number of pills or doses involved, should be taken into consideration in the decision to simplify highly active antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, Côte de Nacre Hospital, Caen, France. parienti-jj@chu-caen.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parienti
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Descamps
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vabret
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouvet
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larouzé
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verdon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010078:Oxazines; D019829:Nevirapine; C098320:efavirenz