Rapid clearance of virus after acute HIV-1 infection: correlates of risk of AIDS.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to define early virologic and immunologic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 disease progression among 22 case subjects with acute infection from the Trinidad Seroconvertor Cohort.


METHODS
A linear segmented regression model was fitted to sequential quantitative virus load measurements. Parameters of virus kinetics during different phases of primary infection were correlated with clinical and immunologic end points, by use of Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression.


RESULTS
Ten individuals developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining events. In univariate analysis, progression to AIDS was associated with rate of initial HIV clearance (P=.002), virus load during set point (P=.008), and CD4(+) cell count during steady state (P=.04). In the multivariate analysis, a rapid rate of initial clearance was the sole independent predictor of subsequent progression to AIDS and was associated with a 92% reduction in the risk of AIDS. The rate of initial clearance is inversely correlated with the number of early symptoms (r=-0.66; P=.0008). However, symptoms did not predict subsequent risk of AIDS.


CONCLUSIONS
Among a subset of patients, rapid clearance of plasma HIV-1 after peak viremia is associated with lower viral set point, prolonged virus suppression before loss of virologic control, and decreased risk of AIDS. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that effective immune responses during the earliest phase of infection are important determinants of the subsequent natural history.
Blattner
William A
WA
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. blattner@umbi.umd.edu
Oursler
Kris Ann
KA
Cleghorn
Farley
F
Charurat
Manhattan
M
Sill
Anne
A
Bartholomew
Courtenay
C
Jack
Noreen
N
O'Brien
Thomas
T
Edwards
Jeffrey
J
Tomaras
Georgia
G
Weinhold
Kent
K
Greenberg
Michael
M
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D012367:RNA, Viral