title: Neurogenic vestibular evoked potentials using a tone pip auditory stimulus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain neurogenic vestibular evoked potentials (NVESTEPs) with surface scalp recording using a tone pip auditory stimulus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen neurologically normal volunteers (Age range 26-45 years, 10 females and 4 males), and two patients with sensorineural hearing loss and possible multiple sclerosis respectively, were examined. Two channel recordings were obtained, the first channel being P3 referred to Fpz, and the second channel being P4 referred to Fpz. A 1 kHz tone pip stimulus with two cycles was delivered via headphones monoaurally with contralateral masking noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consistent negative wave with a mean absolute latency of 4.72 msec was obtained, which we have named N5. 25% of the ears tested had better responses at the ipsilateral parietal electrode. In the patient with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, NVESTEPs was present, suggesting that the NVESTEP is not a cochlear response. In the patient with possible multiple sclerosis, an abnormal NVESTEP response and a normal BAEP response were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a tone-pip rather than a click auditory stimulus allows a lower click intensity to be used in the production of NVESTEP responses, leads to a shorter testing time, and is therefore more comfortable for the patient. This study adds to our impression that the NVESTEP may be a physiological response that can be used to assess the vestibular system and is different from the BAEP response. Further testing in patients with symptoms of dizziness and with disorders specific for the vestibular nerve is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, P.O. Box 23462, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus. neurophy@cing.ac.cy
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Papathanasiou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zamba-Papanicolaou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pantziaris
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleopas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kyriakides
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papacostas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pattichis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iliopoulos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piperidou
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D011149:Pons / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014725:Vestibular Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*