title: The effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on urological cancer cells.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays an important role in the development of various cancers due to its angiogenic function. We have demonstrated that the expression of COX-2 was up-regulated in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), bladder tumor (BT) and prostate cancer (PC). In this study, we examined the effects of COX-2 inhibitors on cell proliferation in RCC, BT and PC-derived cell lines using MTT assay and Hoechst staining. COX-2 inhibitors did not induce a reduction of cell viability with the half-maximal concentration of growth inhibition of RCC, BT and PC cell lines. Furthermore, counting cells at days 1, 2 and 3, showed no inhibition of cell proliferation using COX-2 inhibitors. COX-2 inhibitors could not stop the growth of RCC, BT and PC cells. Typical characteristics of apoptosis, i.e. chromatin condensation, cellular shrinkage, small membrane-bound bodies (apoptotic bodies) and cytoplasmic condensation, did not occur. Although the expression of COX-2 was up-regulated in human RCC, BT and PC tissues, COX-2 inhibitors have only slight anti-proliferative effects against RCC, BT and PC cells through differentiation. Thus, using only down-regulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolizing enzyme, COX may be an unsuccessful approach in providing new anti-cancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka City University Hospital, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. jasmin@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Rikio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahito
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuratsukuri
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinnka
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatani
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases