title: The antibacterial innate immune response by the mosquito Aedes aegypti is mediated by hemocytes and independent of Gram type and pathogenicity.
abstract: Previous mosquito studies showed that the hemocyte-mediated innate immune response against Gram- Escherichia coli is phagocytosis, but against Gram+ Micrococcus sp., is melanization. We examined the immune responses mounted by Aedes aegypti towards Gram- Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium, and Gram+ Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and survival analysis, this investigation conclusively shows that the factors governing phagocytic vs. melanization responses are complex and independent of bacterial Gram type and pathogenicity. These data provide further evidence that hemocytes are central to the immune response against prokaryotes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Julián F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hillyer
authors.forename: Shelley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000276:immunology; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000276:immunology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000276:immunology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase