title: Anesthesia and acoustic stress-induced intra-uterine growth retardation in mice.
abstract: Stress interferes with reproduction, adversely influencing implantation and fetal growth, and sometimes even leading to abortion. Here, we attempted to evaluate the early gestational effects of uncomfortable sound on pregnant mice and their offspring. Ten-week-old pregnant Jcl:ICR mice were exposed to sound (100 dB, random frequency between 9-34 kHz) for 8 hours on the 3(rd), 5(th) and 7(th) gestational days (GD). The effects of general anesthesia were also investigated, with or without acoustic stress. All groups were examined on the 18(th) GD for fetal growth. Fetal weight, number of ossified sacrococcygeal vertebrae and placental weight were all significantly reduced (P<0.0001) when stress was induced on the 7(th) GD, but not on the 3(rd) or 5(th) GD. This intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) was significantly inhibited by general anesthesia (P<0.0001), although general anesthesia alone induced significant IUGR (P<0.0001) when compared with control mice. This suggests that acoustic exposure indirectly exerts an effect on fetal growth, possibly via a psycho-maternal pathway. We also found that analysis of the number of ossified sacrococcygeal vertebrae is the most sensitive tool for the study of IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Specialized Clinical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shanta Fahmida
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Shun-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: Takayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.forename: Goh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kika
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goya
authors.forename: Tsunehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000758:Anesthesia; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D020567:Fetal Weight; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009622:Noise; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D013131:Spine / Q000196:embryology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane