title: Phylogeny of the Polytrichales (Bryophyta) based on simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data.
abstract: Phylogenetic analyses of Polytrichales were conducted using morphology and sequence data from the chloroplast genes rbcL and rps4 plus the trnL-F gene region, part of the mitochondrial nad5 and the nuclear-encoded 18S rDNA. Our analyses included 46 species representing all genera of Polytrichales. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with simultaneous parsimony analyses of all sequences plus morphology and separate combinations of sequence data only. Results lend support for recognition of Polytrichales as a monophyletic entity. Oedipodium griffithianum appears as a sister taxon to Polytrichales or as a sister taxon of all mosses excluding Sphagnales and Andreaeles. Within Polytrichales, Alophosia and Atrichopsis, species without the adaxial lamellae (in Atrichopsis present but poorly developed on male gametophyte) otherwise typical of the group are sister to the remaining species followed by a clade including Bartramiopsis and Lyellia, species with adaxial lamellae covering only the central portion of the leaves. Six taxa with an exclusively Southern Hemisphere distribution form a grade between the basal lineages and a clade including genera that are mostly confined to the Northern Hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Division of Systematic Biology, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. jaakko.hyvonen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyvönen
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: Gary L Smith
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hedderson
authors.forename: Soili
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stenroos
mesh_terms: D044002:Bryophyta / Q000235:genetics*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D019992:Databases as Topic; D017343:Genes, Plant; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C097421:rps4 protein, plant; D004247:DNA; C101625:RbcL protein, plastid; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase