title: Charging for NHSPlus: an inferential study based on the internal provision of occupational health services within the National Health Service.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  'NHSPlus' was conceived as a national agency that would provide occupational health services to organizations, for a fee, without imposing any financial burden on the taxpayer. This self-funding requirement brings into focus the resource implications for such a service and the determination of the charges to be made to external clients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The existing provision of occupational health services to >100000 National Health Service (NHS) staff by 13 NHS occupational health services of various sizes was analysed, with the objective of determining an appropriate charge-out rate to third parties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two focus groups were questioned on their work external to the NHS. Data collected on the allocation of doctors and nurses to occupational health services in relation to the number of NHS clients serviced were used to investigate the nature of the resourcing relationship using regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationship was found to be stable enough to provide a good estimate of staff requirements (the key resource requirement). Combining this with costing information allowed inferences to be drawn concerning the economic cost and hence the break-even rate of charge for the service. This was then compared with the employer charge rates in the NHSPlus published case studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the per capita charges to external clients are lower than the per capita cost of internal occupational health provision within the NHS, raising questions about the viability of the service.
authors.affiliation: Loughborough University Business School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK. I.R.Davidson@lboro.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shuttleworth
mesh_terms: D005249:Fees and Charges; D005381:Financing, Organized / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics*; D006113:United Kingdom; D000078329:Workforce