title: Predictors of alternative and complementary medicine use in inflammatory bowel disease: do measures of conventional health care utilization relate to use?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alternative and complementary therapies (ACM) have gained increasing attention in the past few years. It was our purpose to determine whether increased ACM use is associated with increased use of conventional health care resources. Additionally, demographics of use, subjective benefit, and cost were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 150 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients from a tertiary care center and performed a phone survey of their ACM use in the past year. A population-based administrative database was accessed to extract data regarding use of conventional medicine (hospitalizations, doctor visits, and GI specific doctor visits). Patients were divided into three groups: (i) no ACM (n = 60) (ii) users of exercise, diet, and prayer (EDP) exclusively (n = 47) (iii) other ACM use (n = 43) which included those who may have used EDP as well as any of acupuncture, chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy, herbology, massage, relaxation, reflexology, hypnotherapy, aromatherapy, meditation, or support group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACM was used by 60% (EDP 31%, other ACM 29%). There were no significant differences in use between the three groups by disease diagnosis, education level, employment status, use of IBD medications, number of hospitalizations, doctor visits, or GI specific doctor visits. The EDP group was more likely to be married (p = 0.006) and female (p = 0.04) compared to no ACM. The EDP group tended to be older than the no ACM (p = 0.001) and other ACM (p = 0.01). The other ACM had shorter disease duration than EDP (p = 0.04) and no ACM (p = 0.04). The most commonly used therapies were diet (45%), herbal (17%), exercise (15%), prayer (11%), and relaxation (10%). ACM was sought for pain/cramps (64%), diarrhea (60%), and gas/bloating (21%). Seventy-three percent of EDP interventions incurred no cost compared to 33% with other ACM (p < 0.0001). The median annual amount spent on other ACM was $56 (range $0-$4800). Subjectively, patients felt helped by trials of EDP 95% of the time whereas other ACM helped 67% of the time (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACM use could not be predicted by either greater or less hospitalizations, conventional doctor visits, or GI specific visits. ACM was sought mostly to palliate pain or diarrhea. Those using EDP are more likely to be older married women. Subjectively other ACM is of less benefit (67%) than EDP (95%). If doctor visits or hospitalizations represent degree of increased disease activity then this too is not predictive of using ACM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, and University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Twila
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burgmann
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rawsthorne
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002170:Canada; D015510:Clinical Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome