title: Early onset of hyperkalemia in patients treated with low molecular weight heparin: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Data on low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and induction of hyperkalemia is scarce. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study evaluating potassium levels before and after three days of treatment with the LMWH Enoxaparin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients treated with the LMWH Enoxaparin in the standard therapeutic dosages were included. Levels of potassium, sodium, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT bicarbonate, pH and platelet counts were examined before and after three days of LMWH treatment. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone levels were examined in a subgroup of patients. Potassium levels were correlated with disease states and medications known to affect potassium homeostasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven consecutive patients were enrolled in the study, however, 12 patients were excluded from analysis; therefore 85 patients comprised the study group. The most common reason for exclusion (in 9 patients) was the absence of a second potassium result. We found an increase in potassium levels from 4.26 +/- 0.04 mmol/L at baseline to 4.43 +/- 0.04 mmol/L on the third day of treatment (mean +/- SE), with potassium levels exceeding 5.0 mmol/L in 9% of treated patients. There was no life threatening or symptomatic hyperkalemia. PRA and aldosterone levels did not change significantly during the treatment period. There was no correlation between the increase in potassium levels and diabetes mellitus or treatment with angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers and non-potassium sparing diuretics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potassium levels increase on the third day of treatment with the LMWH Enoxaparin. This effect may be aldosterone independent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine 'A', Assaf-Harofe Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. mayakoren@asaf.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koren-Michowitz
authors.forename: Batia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avni
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michowitz
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moravski
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Efrati
authors.forename: Ahuva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golik
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D000450:Aldosterone; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine