title: [Passive smoking in bars, restaurants, and discotheques in Florence, Italy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  "Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure in a sample of European cities" is the first European multicentre project intended to measure ETS exposure in public places in a number of European cities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present results of measurements of nicotine concentration in a number of bars, restaurants and discotheques in Florence, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ETS marker was vapour-phase nicotine sampled by passive monitors. At least two monitors were placed in each of seven bars (five in hospitals; one at an airport; one at a railway station), and seven restaurants (three with smoking and non-smoking sections), and left in place for several days. In each of four discotheques two nicotine passive monitors were used as personal samplers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average nicotine concentration in discotheques, restaurants and bars was respectively 26.78 micro/m3, 2.32 microg/m3 and 0.83 microg/m3. In the smoking section of restaurants with separated areas for smokers and non-smokers the average nicotine concentration was 2.54 microg/m3, which was similar to that measured in non-smoking sections (2.14 microg/m3).
authors.affiliation: UO Epidemiologia Ambientale Occupazionale, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Istituto Scientifico della Regione Toscana, Firenze. g.gorini@cspo.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fondelli
authors.forename: Maria Josè
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salles
authors.forename: Eulàlia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serrahima
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Centrich
authors.forename: Adele Seniori
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nebot
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis*; D011633:Public Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012147:Restaurants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014186:Transportation; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine