title: In situ formed soot deposit as a carbon source for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of in situ formed soot deposits generated during a combustion process for the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs). In situ formed soot deposits were generated in an entrained flow reactor by using a sooting methane (CH4) flame (sooting phase), with or without chlorine doped into the flame, and fly ash added into the gas phase. The presence of fly ash in the soot deposit was found to be critical, as a catalyst for formation and/or a chlorinating agent. The presence of chlorinated aromatic structures in the soot matrix was not enough to promote de novo formation of PCDDs/Fs without the presence of fly ash. PCDFs were formed via direct release of the molecule backbone structure from the soot. PCDDs were formed via a similar mechanism as well as an equally important formation pathway of condensation reactions of C6 compounds. The formation rate of the soot/ash depositwas still at half its original activity 34 h after the deposits were formed, suggesting a persistent de novo formation occurring for a long time after the sooting incidences (memory effect).
authors.affiliation: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division, Air Pollution Technology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
authors.forename: Evalena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wikström
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Abderrahmane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touati
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Gullett
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D017745:Incineration; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002244:Carbon