title: An empirical treatment algorithm for incontinent children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Successful response rates of monotherapeutic strategies in urge incontinent children are limited. We evaluate whether adjuvant treatment improves outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incontinent children were evaluated according to International Consultation on Incontinence standards. Propiverine (0.4 mg/kg) was applied 2 times daily for 4 weeks (treatment period 1) before reevaluation. Primary outcome was achievement of continence and secondary outcome was improvement of functional bladder capacity. In partial responders an alternative adjuvant treatment was initiated for another 12 weeks (treatment period 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 70 enrolled patients 29 achieved continence (responders) and 35 responded partially and were assigned to adjuvant treatment, which consisted of selective alpha-blocker for functional bladder outflow obstruction (6), desmopressin for excessive nocturnal urine production (19) and biofeedback for increased pelvic floor activity during micturition (10). Only 6 nonresponders (9%) were assigned to specialized management. After treatment 2, 20 of the 35 partial responders achieved continence, thus avoiding specialized management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propiverine monotherapy for incontinent children is effective. However, applying adjuvant treatment modalities to partial responders increases overall efficacy rates.
authors.affiliation: Urology Consultancy, Oberursel, Apogepha Arzneimittel GmbH, Dresden, Germany. kehrel.daniela@t-online.de
authors.forename: Arne-Daniela
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Marschall-Kehrel
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mürtz
authors.forename: Guus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jünemann
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Madersbacher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D001561:Benzilates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001561:Benzilates; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; C015586:propiverine