title: To the descending pain-control system in rats, inflammation-induced primary and secondary hyperalgesia are two different things.
abstract: The periaqueductal gray matter and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), with its projections to the spinal dorsal horn, constitute the efferent channel of the 'descending pain-control system'. Noxious stimulation of a peripheral tissue causes more pain if this tissue is inflamed (primary hyperalgesia). In such cases, stimulation of neighboring but uninflamed tissues also becomes more painful (secondary hyperalgesia). In animal models of inflammation, the descending pain-control system sends down, simultaneously, inhibitory and facilitatory influences, but inhibition predominates for primary hyperalgesia while facilitation predominates for secondary hyperalgesia. Descending inhibition and facilitation during peripheral inflammation are due not only to previously existing descending modulation, but also to inflammation-induced changes in RVM which involve receptors for NMDA, AMPA, cholecystokinin and neurotensin, as well as synthesis of enkephalins and nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. hvanegas@ivic.ve
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vanegas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000378:metabolism*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D009569:Nitric Oxide