title: Single and multiple resections of multiple hepatic metastases of colorectal origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indications for hepatectomy in patients with 4 or more hepatic colorectal metastases remain controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed with data from 131 patients who underwent a total of 198 hepatectomies. Patients were grouped according to the number of metastases at the initial hepatectomy (analysis 1) or by the total number of metastases removed by multiple hepatectomies (analysis 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In analysis 1, the risk ratios for death of patients with 4 to 9 and 10 nodules to those with 1 to 3 nodules were 2.12 (95% CI, 0.99-4.23) and 7.32 (95% CI, 2.82-16.9), respectively. In analysis 2, the risk ratios for death were 1.32 (95% CI, 0.66-2.59) and 3.07 (95% CI, 1.41-6.36), respectively. These values in 106 patients with negative surgical margins were 1.52 (95% CI, 0.51-3.73) and 5.40 (95% CI, 1.25-16.5), and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.45-2.32) and 1.70 (95% CI, 0.49-4.61), respectively. In analysis 2, the 5-year survival rates of patients with 1 to 3, 4 to 9, and 10 or more nodules were 51%, 46%, and 25%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic resection for patients with 4 to 9 nodules clearly is warranted. On the other hand, for patients with 10 or more tumor nodules, surgery cannot be ensured absolutely to be contraindicated in high volume centers at which the surgical mortality rate is nearly zero.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seyama
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokudo
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis