Differences in left ventricular structure between black and white hypertensive adults: the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network study.
The degree to which ethnic differences in left ventricular structure among hypertensive adults are independent of clinical and hemodynamic factors remains uncertain. We assessed whether left ventricular mass and geometry differ between black and white hypertensives after accounting for differences in such factors. Our study group comprised 1060 black and 580 white hypertensive participants free of valvular or coronary disease in a population-based cohort. Blood pressure was measured during a clinic visit and echocardiography was performed using standardized protocols. After controlling for clinical and hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index, peripheral resistance index, and pulse pressure/stroke index), both left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness were higher in blacks than whites (173.9+/-30.9 versus 168.3+/-24.3 grams, P=0.006, and 0.355+/-0.055 versus 0.340+/-0.055 grams, P<0.001). Similarly, the adjusted risk of having left ventricular hypertrophy, whether indexed by height(2.7) or by body surface area, was greater for blacks than for whites (odds ratio: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.51; and odds ratio: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.96, respectively), and this was also true for concentric geometry (odds ratio: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.22 to 4.25). Further adjustment for relatedness in this genetic epidemiological study did not attenuate these differences. Our findings confirm the strong association between black ethnicity and increased left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness in hypertensive adults and demonstrate that these differences are independent of standard clinical and hemodynamic parameters. Whether such differences relate to distinct ambulatory pressure profiles or an ethnic propensity to cardiac hypertrophy requires further investigation.
Kizer
Jorge R
JR
Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA. jok2007@med.cornell.edu
Arnett
Donna K
DK
Bella
Jonathan N
JN
Paranicas
Mary
M
Rao
D C
DC
Province
Michael A
MA
Oberman
Albert
A
Kitzman
Dalane W
DW
Hopkins
Paul N
PN
Liu
Jennifer E
JE
Devereux
Richard B
RB
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents