title: Tympanometry measures in native and non-native Hawaiian children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethnicity has been readily accepted as a variable affecting the incidence of otitis media, with certain indigenous groups having an increased risk of middle ear dysfunction. Tympanometry provides objective information on middle ear status, and findings obtained from this procedure have often served as a criterion for medical referral.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To extend previous research and to facilitate use of normative tympanometry measures obtained from children with native Hawaiian ancestry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 718 ears of 359 children in academic levels ranging from preschool to third grade. Subjects were matched across groups (182 native Hawaiian; 177 non-native Hawaiian) for academic level and gender. Variables included physical ear-canal volume (Vec), tympanometric peak compliance (peak Y, also known as static admittance), tympanometric width (TW), and tympanometric peak pressure (TPP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher TW (F1,714=8.82, P=0.008) and TPP (F1,714=9.98, P=0.002) values occurred in ears of native Hawaiian children. Statistical interaction between gender and age was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in tympanometric findings between groups suggest differences in middle ear function, and these findings continue to underscore the importance of including tympanometry within a hearing screening protocol for early identification of possible hearing impairment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Speech Pathology and Audiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii (Manoa Campus), 1410 Lower Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. kpugh@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: Henry W K
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000208:ethnology; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D012016:Reference Values