Oxidative stress and cell signalling.
An increasing body of evidence from animal models, human specimens and cell lines points to reactive oxygen species as likely involved in the pathways, which convey both extracellular and intracellular signals to the nucleus, under a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Indeed, reactive oxygen species (ROS), in a concentration compatible with that detectable in human pathophysiology, appear able to modulate a number of kinases and phosphatases, redox sensitive transcription factors and genes. This type of cell signalling consistently implies the additional involvement of other bioactive molecules that stem from ROS reaction with cell membrane lipids. The present review aims to comprehensively report on the most recent knowledge about the potential role of ROS and oxidised lipids in signal transduction processes in the major events of cell and tissue pathophysiology. Among the lipid oxidation products of ROS-dependent reactivity, which appear as candidates for a signalling role, there are molecules generated by oxidation of cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids, as well as lysophosphatidic acid and lysophospholipids, platelet activating factor-like lipids, isoprostanes, sphingolipids and ceramide.
Poli
G
G
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano (Torino), Italy. giuseppe.poli@unito.it
Leonarduzzi
G
G
Biasi
F
F
Chiarpotto
E
E
D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000378:metabolism; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D000447:Aldehydes; D006133:Growth Substances; D028421:Isoprostanes; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid