title: Dynamic microcirculatory changes in liver graft from non-heart-beating donor with warm ischemia injury in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the 1990s, liver grafts from non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) have become an alternative because of the deficiency of grafts from heart-beating-donors (HBDs). Warm ischemia injury, however, directly influences the grafts' activity and functional recovery after operation. We investigated the microcirculatory change of liver graft at different warm ischemia time (WIT) in rats and determined the maximum limitation of liver graft to warm ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to WIT, 120 rats were divided randomly into 5 groups of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes respectively. The microcirculatory changes of their liver grafts were measured including serum level of hyaluronic acid (HA) and ultrastructural changes. After orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the recovery of microcirculation of the liver grafts after 24 hours, 48 hours and 3 days was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microcirculatory changes and function of the liver grafts became normal after reperfusion when the WIT was less than 30 minutes. In the 45-minute WI group, part of blood sinusoids was full of cytoplasmic blebs stemming from the microvilli of hepatocytes and hemocytes. The serum level of HA in each group after 45 minutes of WI recovered after reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microcirculatory change of rat liver graft is reversible when the WIT is less than 30 minutes: rat liver graft could be safely subject to warm ischemia within 30 minutes. The maximal 45 minutes of WI can be tolerated by the microcirculatory function of liver graft. After 60 minutes of WI, irreversible disturbance of microcirculation may appear.
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. xshe@gdvnet.com
authors.forename: Xiao-Shun
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Wei-Qiang
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Lin-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jin-Lang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ying-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Rui-De
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Gui-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jie-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D019737:Transplants