title: Urinary catecholamines and salivary cortisol on workdays and days off in relation to job strain among female health care providers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effects of psychosocial job strain on the excretion of neuroendocrine stress hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol) on workdays and days off.
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese female health care providers (N=16) filled out Karasek's job content questionnaire and had their neuroendocrine excretions (ie, urinary catecholamines and salivary cortisol) measured on a day off and on two workdays (one day shift and one night shift). After control for age and job experience as covariates, a repeated-measures analysis of variance was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Noradrenaline excretion was significantly greater over time in the high-strain group than in the low-strain group, and that of the high-demand group was significantly greater over time than that of the low-demand group. Adrenaline excretion did not significantly differ between the groups. The group with high supervisory support had significantly higher adrenaline excretion than the group with low supervisory support. The concentration of salivary cortisol on a dayshift was significantly lower, but marginally, in the high-strain group than in the low-strain group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial job strain is associated with greater noradrenaline excretion over time. This finding suggests unwinding sympathetic nervous activity. The low cortisol levels of the high-strain group may indicate circadian rhythm disturbance induced by job strain. Supervisory relationships may have a particular influence for the studied occupation because the participants had more administrative contact with supervisors than support at the worksite; therefore, supervisory support may increase adrenaline excretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Japan. kkondo@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsukishima
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masuchi
authors.forename: Akizumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Norito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D006854:Hydrocortisone