title: Stage IV large B cell lymphoma presenting as gigantomastia and pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gigantomastia is a rare complication of pregnancy usually associated with benign conditions, including end-organ hypersensitivity to normal hormone levels, penicillamine therapy, mirror syndrome, and benign or glandular fibroadenomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A young woman presented at 30 weeks of gestation with chest pain and gigantomastia. Echocardiography performed because of the patient's tachypnea and tachycardia disclosed pulmonary hypertension. After spontaneous delivery, core needle breast and axillary lymph node biopsies and computerized tomography imaging were performed, and stage IV diffuse large B cell lymphoma with infiltration of the breasts was confirmed. The patient responded to systemic chemotherapy with resolution of the gigantomastia and pulmonary artery hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case demonstrates that systemic malignancies such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gigantomastia during pregnancy. In addition, malignancy-related pulmonary hypertension during pregnancy may be reversible after chemotherapy, as reported in nonpregnant patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA. dmsherer@aol.com
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: Raphael G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stimphil
authors.forename: Paulus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Spiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demetus
authors.forename: Ovadia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abulafia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*