title: Abnormalities of thalamic volume and shape in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postmortem and neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia have reported deficits in the volume of the thalamus and its component nuclei. However, the pattern of shape change associated with such volume loss has not been investigated. In this study, alterations in thalamic volume, shape, and symmetry were compared in subjects with and without schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance scans were collected in 52 schizophrenia and 65 comparison subjects matched for age, gender, race, and parental socioeconomic status. High-dimensional (large-deformation) brain mapping was used to assess thalamic morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in thalamic volume, deformities of thalamic shape at the anterior and posterior extremes of the structure, and a significant exaggeration of thalamic asymmetry (i.e., left smaller than right) were found in the schizophrenia subjects. After covarying for total cerebral volume, the difference in thalamic volume became insignificant. When information about thalamic shape was combined with previously collected information about hippocampal shape, the discrimination between schizophrenia patients and comparison subjects was improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thalamic volume was smaller than normal in schizophrenia patients, but only proportionate to reductions in reduced total cerebral volume. The presence of changes in thalamic shape and asymmetry suggest greater pathologic involvement of individual nuclei at its anterior and posterior extremes of the thalamic complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry (Box 8134), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. jgc@conte.wustl.edu
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Csernansky
authors.forename: Mathew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: N Reagan
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Splinter
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mohktar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gado
authors.forename: Lynn D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Selemon
authors.forename: Devna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rastogi-Cruz
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Posener
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*