title: Abnormality of the DNA double-strand-break checkpoint/repair genes, ATM, BRCA1 and TP53, in breast cancer is related to tumour grade.
abstract: The role of the DNA double-strand-break (DSB) checkpoint/repair genes, ATM, BRCA1 and TP53, in sporadic breast cancer requires clarification, since ATM and BRCA1 mutations are rare in sporadic tumours. In an attempt to explain this phenomenon, we postulated that (i) in addition to genetic deletion, abnormal expression of DSB checkpoint/repair proteins might abolish the function of these genes and (ii) there might be a combined effect of individual defective genes during breast cancer pathogenesis. Using a largely homogenous group of 74 specimens of early-onset (< or =35 years of age) infiltrating ductal carcinomas, we examined associations between pathological grade and genetic deletion and/or abnormal protein expression of ATM, BRCA1 and TP53. The results showed that high-grade tumours displayed a high frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at, and/or abnormal expression of, ATM, BRCA1 and TP53. Multigenetic analysis showed abnormalities in BRCA1 to be independently associated with high-grade tumours. ATM and TP53 appeared to play an assistant role, abnormalities in these genes significantly increasing the possibility of poor differentiation in tumours with abnormalities in BRCA1. Furthermore, a higher number of abnormalities (LOH or abnormal expression) in these three genes correlated with poor tumour differentiation. Thus, this study suggests that combined changes in several DSB checkpoint/repair genes belonging to a common functional pathway are associated with breast cancer pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004249:DNA Damage; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases