title: Doppler-derived mitral deceleration time as a strong prognostic marker of left ventricular remodeling and survival after acute myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-3 echo substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to assess the impact of left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling on remodeling and survival after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little is known regarding the link between LV filling, its changes over time, and six-month remodeling and late survival in uncomplicated AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler mitral profile, end-diastolic volume index (EDVi) and end-systolic volume index (ESVi), ejection fraction (EF), and wall motion abnormalities (%WMA) were evaluated in 571 patients from the GISSI-3 Echo substudy at baseline, pre-discharge, and six months after AMI. Patients with baseline early mitral deceleration time (DT) 130 ms were assigned to the restrictive group (n = 147), and those with DT >130 ms to the nonrestrictive group (n = 424).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restrictive group patients had greater baseline ESVi and %WMA and lower EF than nonrestrictive group, and six-month greater LV dilation (EDVi, ESVi: p < 0.001 for EDVi and ESVi), smaller decrease in %WMA decrease (p < 0.01), and larger EF impairment (p < 0.008). Among the restrictive group, patients (n = 56) with pre-discharge persistent restrictive filling (n = 56) showed six-month greater LV enlargement (p < 0.001) and EF impairment (p < 0.009) than those (n = 91) with reversible restrictive filling. Baseline %WMA and EDVi, together with pre-discharge persistent restrictive filling, predicted severe (>20%) LV dilation. Four-year survival was 93% in nonrestrictive patients versus 88% in the restrictive group (p < 0.06), and 93% in pre-discharge reversible restrictive versus 79% in persistent restrictive (p < 0.0003). The single best predictor of mortality, by Cox analysis, was pre-discharge persistent restrictive filling (chi-square 14.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular dilation may occur even after uncomplicated AMI and may be paralleled by an improvement in LV filling. However, a baseline restrictive filling that persists at pre-discharge identifies more compromised patients at higher risk for six-month remodeling and four-year mortality.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Verona, Italy. ptemorelli@fsm.it
authors.forename: Pier L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Temporelli
authors.forename: Pantaleo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giannuzzi
authors.forename: Gian L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Nicolosi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Franzosi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
authors.forename: Aldo P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maggioni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*