title: A survey of urinary bladder injuries in Abbottabad.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injury of urinary bladder is not very uncommon. It has iatrogenic and non iatrogenic causes. This study was designed to determine the pattern, mode of diagnosis and management of urinary bladder injuries presenting at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten years hospital record of urinary bladder injuries reporting at Urology, Surgical and Gynaecology wards of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad was analysed. The cause of injury, associated injuries, diagnostic method and management protocols were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 10 years period 260 patients were treated for bladder injuries. The age range was from 5-75 years while there were more males than females. In 35% the injuries were due to RTA, in 20% by a fall from a height, in 10% by a gun shot wound and in the remaining 35% the injury was iatrogenic. Gynaecological procedures were the major cause for iatrogenic bladder injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the bladder injuries seen at our hospital are due to road traffic accidents or iatrogenic causes. Both of these factors can be minimized by taking appropriate steps to improve road safety and operative procedure safety respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad.
authors.forename: Raza Muhammad
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: Nabeela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sultan
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology