title: Effect of methylprednisolone on neuropathic pain and spinal glial activation in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basic data are lacking regarding the efficacy and mechanisms of action of corticosteroids in neuropathic pain. Because recent studies indicate that spinal glial activation mediates the pathologic pain states, the authors sought to determine the effects of systemic and intrathecal methylprednisolone on the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and spinal glial activation in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were anesthetized, and L5 and L6 spinal nerves were tightly ligated. Then, continuous infusion of systemic (4 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or intrathecal (80 microg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) methylprednisolone or saline was started. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated on days 4 and 7 postoperatively with von Frey and Hargreaves tests, respectively. Spinal astrocytic activation was evaluated with glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity on day 7. In other groups of rats, continuous 3-day treatment with intrathecal methylprednisolone or saline was started 7 days after spinal nerve ligation, when neuropathic pain had already developed. Behavioral tests and immunostaining were performed up to 3 weeks after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spinal nerve ligation induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia on days 4 and 7 postoperatively. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was remarkably enhanced on day 7. Both systemic and intrathecal methylprednisolone inhibited the development of neuropathic pain states and glial activation. Three-day treatment with intrathecal methylprednisolone reversed existing neuropathic pain state and glial activation up to 3 weeks after the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Systemic and intrathecal methylprednisolone inhibited spinal glial activation and the development and maintenance of a neuropathic pain state in a rat model of spinal nerve ligation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Shigehito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekiyama
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008775:Methylprednisolone