title: Fecal lactoferrin for diagnosis of symptomatic patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased stool frequency, urgency, and abdominal pain in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) may be due to inflammatory conditions, including pouchitis, cuffitis, or Crohn's disease or noninflammatory conditions such as irritable pouch syndrome. Distinction among these entities requires pouch endoscopy and biopsy. Noninvasive means of diagnosis are preferable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty consecutive subjects with IPAA for inflammatory bowel disease had measurements of fecal lactoferrin and alpha1-antitrypsin and underwent pouch endoscopy with biopsy, with calculation of the pouchitis disease activity index in a prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptomatic patients with an inflammatory condition had significantly higher fecal lactoferrin concentrations (median, 176.0 microg/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 79.0-450.8) compared with those with a noninflammatory condition (median, 4.8 microg/mL; IQR, 1.2-11.0) or those who were asymptomatic (median, 7.8 microg/mL; IQR, 1.4-12.9), P < 0.001. At a cutoff level of 7 microg/mL, fecal lactoferrin could distinguish patients with irritable pouch syndrome from those with pouchitis, cuffitis, or Crohn's disease with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85%. Fecal alpha1-antitrypsin was not able to distinguish symptomatic patients with and without an inflammatory condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fecal lactoferrin can serve as a sensitive and noninvasive initial screening test in an algorithm for evaluation of symptomatic patients with IPAA. If fecal lactoferrin levels are low (<7 microg/mL), IPS can be diagnosed. If fecal lactoferrin levels are high, pouch endoscopy with biopsy is warranted to distinguish among different causes of inflammation. Longitudinal studies are needed to define better the role of this test in the management of patients with IPAA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Desk A30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. parsim@ccf.org
authors.forename: Mansour A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Parsi
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Achkar
authors.forename: Feza F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Remzi
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goldblum
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boone
authors.forename: Dahai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: Bret A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lashner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D039021:Colonic Pouches / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019449:Pouchitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D007781:Lactoferrin