title: One-minute heart rate recovery after cycloergometer exercise testing as a predictor of mortality in a large cohort of exercise test candidates: substantial differences with the treadmill-derived parameter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous work showed a strong inverse association between 1-min heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercising on a treadmill and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether the results could be replicated in a wide population of real-world exercise ECG candidates in our center, using a standard bicycle exercise test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 1997, 1420 consecutive patients underwent ECG exercise testing performed according to our standard cycloergometer protocol. Three pre-specified cut-point values of 1-min HRR, derived from previous studies in the medical literature, were tested to see whether they could identify a higher-risk group for all-cause mortality; furthermore, we tested the possible association between 1-min HRR as a continuous variable and mortality using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both methods showed a lack of a statistically significant association between 1-min HRR and all-cause mortality. A weak trend toward an inverse association, although not statistically significant, could not be excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We could not validate the clear-cut results from some previous studies performed using the treadmill exercise test. The results in our study may only "not exclude" a mild inverse association between 1-min HRR measured after cycloergometer exercise testing and all-cause mortality. The 1-min HRR measured after cycloergometer exercise testing was not clinically useful as a prognostic marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Civic Hospital, Desenzano del Garda (BS), Italy. nicola.gaibazzi@inwind.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaibazzi
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrucci
authors.forename: Vigilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ziacchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis