title: Clinical significance of elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with chronic hepatitis C, but not hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is often seen in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), its prevalence, risk factors, and clinical significance remain to be determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study assessed the frequency of, the risk factors for, and the clinical significance of elevated AFP in patients with CHC, but not hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study utilized systematic chart review and statistical analyses to investigate 357 U.S. patients with CHC from a university medical center and a regional veteran administration medical center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of elevated serum AFP (i.e., >/=10.0 microg/L) was 23.0%, including 15.3% (28/183), 24.5% (25/102), and 42.0% (29/69) in patients with chronic hepatitis C and stage 0-II, III, and IV hepatic fibrosis, respectively. After adjusting for age, HCV load, and hepatic steatosis, stage III/IV fibrosis, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and prolonged prothrombin time as measured by international normalized ratio (INR) remained independently associated with elevated serum AFP in these patients. A serum AFP level of 15.0 microg/L was 22.8% sensitive and 94.5% specific for stage III/IV fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with chronic hepatitis C, 23.0% had elevated serum AFP that is independently associated with stage III/IV hepatic fibrosis, elevated level of AST, and prolonged INR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Namgyal L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Kyulo
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Brijie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Elhazin
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hillebrand
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins