title: Antibiotic resistance in 3113 blood isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in 40 Spanish hospitals participating in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (2000-2002).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since 1998 the European Commission has funded EARSS. We present the antibiotic susceptibility results of invasive Staphylococcus aureus obtained in Spain (2000-2002).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty hospitals participated in this study, covering nearly 30% of the Spanish population. All blood isolates of S. aureus were included. Laboratories used their usual methods to perform microbiological studies. Annual external quality controls were carried out. A questionnaire with hospital, patient and specimen data was completed for each isolate. Results were included in a database and analysed with WHONET 5 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Invasive S. aureus was isolated in 3113 patients. Resistance was 24.5% to oxacillin, 25.4% to ciprofloxacin, 25.2% to erythromycin and 12.1% to gentamicin. Gentamicin resistance decreased from 16.6% (2000) to 9.7% (2002). Multiresistance was observed in 68.1% of oxacillin-resistant isolates. More prevalent multiresistance profiles consisted of oxacillin-ciprofloxacin-erythromycin-gentamicin (7.4%) and oxacillin-ciprofloxacin-erythromycin (7.1%). Oxacillin resistance was significantly higher in nosocomial isolates than in those implicated in community-onset infections (26.7% versus 14.2%), in isolates from adults than in those from children (27.3% versus 4.7%), in hospitals with >500 beds than in those with <500 beds (31.1% versus 18.3%) and in isolates from Intensive Care Units than in those from other departments (39.3% versus 24%). Decreased susceptibility to vancomycin was not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Spain, S. aureus blood isolates present a high prevalence of resistance to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, as well as a high prevalence of multiresistance. Oxacillin resistance remains stable but varies in relation to hospital size, patient age, hospital department and place of infection acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oteo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vindel
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003625:Data Collection; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011786:Quality Control; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires