title: Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of lutein and antioxidant supplementation in the intervention of atrophic age-related macular degeneration: the Veterans LAST study (Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in aging Westem societies. The objective of the lutein antioxidant supplementation trial (LAST) is to determine whether nutritional supplementation with lutein or lutein together with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, improves visual function and symptoms in atrophic ARMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a prospective, 12-month, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial conducted at an urban midwestern Veterans Administration Hospital from August 1999 to May 2001. Ninety patients with atrophic ARMD were referred by ophthalmologists at two Chicago-area veterans medical facilities. Patients in Group 1 received lutein 10 mg (L); in Group 2, a lutein 10 mg/antioxidants/vitamins and minerals broad spectrum supplementation formula (L/A); and in Group 3, a maltodextrin placebo (P) over 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Groups 1 L and 2 L/A, mean eye macular pigment optical density increased approximately 0.09 log units from baseline, Snellen equivalent visual acuity improved 5.4 letters for Group 1 L and 3.5 letters for Group 2 L/A, and contrast sensitivity improved. There was a net subjective improvement in Amsler grid in Group 1 L. VFO-14 questionnaires conceming subjective glare recovery were nearly significant at 4 months for Group 2 L/A. Patients who received the placebo (Group 3) had no significant changes in any of the measured findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, visual function is improved with lutein alone or lutein together with other nutrients. Further studies are needed with more patients, of both genders, and for longer periods of time to assess long-term effects of lutein or lutein together with a broad spectrum of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in the treatment of atrophic age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans'Affairs, Medical Center Eye Clinic, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095, USA. stuart.richer1@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richer
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stiles
authors.forename: Laisvyde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Statkute
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pulido
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frankowski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rudy
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsipursky
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nyland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins; D014975:Lutein