title: Role of the healthy hemisphere in recovery after resection of the supplementary motor area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the compensatory mechanisms involved in the recovery of motor function following surgical lesions of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and their relation to the clinical characteristics of recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients were referred for surgery of low-grade gliomas located in the SMA, and compared to eight healthy controls using fMRI before and after surgery during self-paced movements of both hands, successively. Magnitude and volume of activation within regions of interest (primary sensorimotor cortex, premotor cortex, SMA, preSMA, and parietal lobes) were compared and tested for correlation with anatomic characteristics of the tumor and resection, and clinical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor growth induced preoperative underactivity in the adjacent SMA and overactivity in the opposite SMA. Postoperative recovery was associated with recruitment of a premotor network located in the healthy hemisphere including the SMA and the lateral premotor cortex. Postoperative premotor recruitment in the healthy hemisphere increased with the percentage of resection of preoperative SMA activation. Shortened onset and duration of recovery was associated with increased preoperative changes in activation levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a dysfunction of the SMA ipsilateral to the tumor, partially compensated by a recruitment of the contralesional SMA which correlated with shortened postoperative recovery. SMA resection was compensated by the recruitment of a medial and lateral premotor circuitry in the healthy hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krainik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duffau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capelle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornu
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Boch
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mangin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Bihan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marsault
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiras
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehéricy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology