title: Effect of margins on ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast conservation therapy for lymph node-negative breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast conservative surgery (CS) with radiotherapy (RT) is the most commonly used treatment for early-stage breast carcinoma. However, there is controversy regarding the importance of the pathologic margin status on the risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). The current study evaluated the effect of the pathologic margin status on IBTR rates in a cohort of women with lymph node-negative breast carcinoma treated with CS and RT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 1980 and December 1994, 452 women with pathologically lymph node-negative breast carcinoma were treated with CS and RT at Westmead Hospital (Westmead, Australia). Central pathology review was performed for all women. The final margins were negative for 352 women (77.9%), positive (invasive and/or in situ) for 42 women (9.3%), and indeterminate for 58 women (12.8%). Information regarding an extensive intraductal component (EIC), lymphovascular invasion, pathologic tumor size, histologic grade, and nuclear grade was available for most women. After macroscopic total excision of the tumor, all women received whole-breast irradiation (usually 45-50.4 grays [Gy]) and the majority of women also received a local tumor bed boost (range, 8-30 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 80 months, 34 women (7.5%) developed an IBTR. The crude 5-year rates of IBTR for women with negative margins, positive margins, and indeterminate margins were 3.1%, 11.9%, and 6.9%, respectively. For women with negative margins, the 5-year and 10-year actuarial rates of freedom from IBTR were 96% and 92%, respectively, compared with 88% and 75%, respectively, for women with positive margins (P = 0.003). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the only factors associated with a significantly higher risk of IBTR were age at diagnosis (P < 0.050) and margin status (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that both age and margin status were independent predictors of IBTR. None of 24 patients with an EIC and negative margins were found to have developed an IBTR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study were comparable to other published reports and supported the association of higher IBTR rates with positive or indeterminate margins compared with negative, pathologic margins. Furthermore, young age (age < 35 years at diagnosis) was associated with the highest risk of IBTR regardless of margin status.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Surrey, Canada.
authors.forename: Carson
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyages
authors.forename: Upali W
authors.initials: UW
authors.lastname: Jayasinghe
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilous
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ung
authors.forename: Boon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salisbury
authors.forename: Angela Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis