title: Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: a comprehensive review.
abstract: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is currently increasing in HIV-infected patients living in Africa and Asia, where TB endemicity is high, reflecting the susceptibility of this group of patients to mycobacteria belonging to the TB group. In this population, extension of multiple resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs is also a matter of anxiety. HIV-induced immunosuppression modifies the clinical presentation of TB, resulting in atypical signs and symptoms, and more frequent extrapulmonary dissemination. The treatment of TB is also more difficult to manage in HIV-infected patients, particularly with regard to pharmacological interactions secondary to inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes by protease inhibitors with rifampicin or rifabutin, respectively. Finally, immune restoration induced by highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in developed countries may be responsible for a paradoxical worsening of TB manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aaron
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saadoun
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Calatroni
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Launay
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mémain
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouchaud
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valeyre
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lortholary
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents