Arteriovenous fistula-associated high-output cardiac failure: a review of mechanisms.
High-output cardiac failure can be a rare complication of high-output arteriovenous fistula. The authors present a case in which a hemodialysis patient with a high-flow arteriovenous fistula has cardiac failure that improves with fistula closure. The hemodynamic effects of a fistula are reviewed, and the hemodialysis literature regarding high-output cardiac failure is summarized. To gain insight into the problem of high-output cardiac failure, research efforts should focus on the prospective monitoring of high-access flows.
MacRae
Jennifer M
JM
Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. jmmacrae@hotmail.com
Pandeya
Sanjay
S
Humen
Dennis P
DP
Krivitski
Nikolai
N
Lindsay
Robert M
RM
D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications*; D016534:Cardiac Output, High / Q000150:complications*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis