title: In vitro comparison of standard and Knotless metal suture anchors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical experience after failed Knotless suture anchor (Mitek, Westwood, MA) fixations suggested that the Knotless anchor provides considerably less fixation stability than a standard metal anchor. The purpose of this study was to analyze soft tissue fixation to bone comparing a standard and a Knotless metal suture anchor.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mitek GII and Mitek Knotless suture anchors were tested on 7 human cadaveric fresh-frozen glenoids. The anchors were inserted into the glenoid rims, and the sutures of the anchors were fixed to a metal hook attached to the cross-head of a testing machine. Cyclic loading was performed. The gap formation between the metal hook and the glenoid rim, the ultimate failure loads and the modes of failure were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean gap formation was significantly greater for the Knotless anchor (3.8 +/- 1.4 mm) than for the GII anchor (2.4 +/- 0.5 mm) after 25 cycles with 50 N repeated load (P =.04). The largest gap of a Knotless fixation was 5.3 mm compared with 3.0 mm for the GII. The ultimate failure load was not significantly different for the Knotless anchor (179 N) and for the GII anchor (129 N). Both anchors failed by either rupture of the suture material or by pullout of the anchors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GII anchor allows significantly less displacement than the Knotless anchor. Ultimate tensile strength and mode of failure are similar. Greater displacement results in larger gap formation between the soft tissue and the bone. This might weaken and jeopardize the repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If reattached soft tissues are subjected to postoperative loading, gap formation may result when using the Knotless anchor. For these conditions, suture fixation with knots may be used instead.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zumstein
authors.forename: Hilaire A C
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Alberto G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals; D010003:Osteoarthritis; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012540:Scapula / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C014534:Ethibond; D008670:Metals; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates