title: Minimally invasive surgery via laparoscopy for intra-abdominal biopsy in obese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopy for repeated intra-abdominal biopsy of liver and omental adipose tissue (AT) in obese rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine obese rhesus monkeys were studied by use of 18 laparoscopic procedures (two procedures each, approx. six weeks apart). Time-sensitive liver and omental AT specimens were obtained from monkeys under general anesthesia, using a three-port approach with a roticulating endoscopic stapler/divider and a monopolar electrosurgery for hemostasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects tolerated the initial and repeat laparoscopic procedures well. Liver specimens weighed a mean +/- SEM of 3.8 +/- 0.5 g, and omental AT specimens weighed 16.6 +/- 0.8 g. Compared with previous studies of conventional laparotomy with liver wedge resection, the monkeys experienced faster postoperative recovery via laparoscopy, with rapid return to normal food intake and activity. Minimal to no adhesions were observed by use of the repeat procedure in all monkeys, with no major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy in obese rhesus monkey (ranging from young to older-aged), with repeated intra-abdominal liver and omental AT biopsy, was an excellent minimally invasive surgical method. In contrast to laparotomy with wedge resection, this approach greatly decreases operative time and stress, provides generous tissue specimens in a time-efficient manner, and facilitates rapid and full recovery of the nonhuman primate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 10 S. Pine St. MSTF 6-00, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Noni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bodkin
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ortmeyer
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity