title: Synthesis of germanium oxide nanoparticles in low-pressure premixed flames.
abstract: Germanium oxide (GeOx) nanoparticles in the size range from 1 nm to 5 nm were synthesized in a low-pressure premixed H2/O2/Ar flat flame of 30 mbar. The premixed flame was doped with different amounts of tetramethyl germanium (Ge(CH3)4) ranging from 250 ppm to 2000 ppm. The influence of process parameters such as the amount of oxygen in the reaction gas, the condensation and reaction time, standoff, and precursor concentration with respect to growth of germanium oxide particles were investigated. The particles formed were analyzed in situ according to their mass and charge with a particle mass spectrometer. The specific surface area was determined ex situ by the BET method. The crystal form and chemical composition of produced nanopowders were characterized by EDX analysis and X-ray diffraction measurements.
authors.affiliation: Universität Duisburg-Essen, Institut für Verbrennung und Gasdynamik, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Vasily
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simanzhenkov
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ifeacho
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiggers
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knipping
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D005857:Germanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D005857:Germanium; C040516:germanium oxide; D010100:Oxygen