title: Involvement of G proteins in the mycelial photoresponses of Phycomyces.
abstract: Many responses of the zygomycete fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus are mediated by blue light, e.g. the stimulation of beta-carotene synthesis (photocarotenogenesis) and the formation of fruiting bodies (photomorphogenesis). Even though both responses have been described in detail genetically and biophysically, the underlying molecular events remain unknown. Applying a pharmacological approach in developing mycelia, we investigated the possible involvement of heterotrimeric G proteins in the blue-light transduction chains of both responses. G protein agonists (guanosine triphosphate analogues, cholera toxin, pertussis toxin) mimicked in darkness the effect of blue light for both responses, except for cholera toxin, which was ineffective in increasing the beta-carotene content of dark-grown mycelia. Experiments combining the two toxins indicated that photocarotenogenesis could involve an inhibitory G protein (Gi) type, whereas photomorphogenesis may depend on a transducin (Gt type)-like heterotrimer. The determination of the carB (phytoene dehydrogenase) and chs1 (chitin synthase 1) gene expression under various conditions of exogenous challenge supports the G protein participation. The fluctuations of the time course measurements of the carB and chs1 transcripts are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, Herakliou, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsolakis
authors.forename: Nicholas K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Moschonas
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galland
authors.forename: Kiriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotzabasis
mesh_terms: D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003624:Darkness; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D025282:Mycelium / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D010800:Phycomyces / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019207:beta Carotene; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D002772:Cholera Toxin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins