title: Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine microemulsion in primary simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: 1-year results of a large multicenter trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) transplantation has become an accepted therapy for type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. This open-label, multicenter study compared the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus with the microemulsion (ME) formulation of cyclosporine in a clinical setting. The 1-year results are reported here.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in 10 European centers and one center in Israel. One hundred three patients were randomly assigned to tacrolimus and 102 to cyclosporine-ME. All patients received concomitant rabbit anti-T-cell globulin induction therapy, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and short-term cortico-steroids. The initial daily oral doses were 0.2 mg/kg for tacrolimus, 7 mg/kg for cyclosporine-ME, and 2 to 3 g for MMF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-year incidence of biopsy-proven kidney or pancreas acute rejection was lower with tacrolimus (27.2%) than with cyclosporine-ME (38.2%; P = 0.09). Pancreas graft survival at 1 year was 91.3% with tacrolimus and 74.5% with cyclosporine-ME (P <0.0005). Renal graft survival was similar in the two study groups. There were no significant treatment-related differences in pancreatic or renal graft function. In total, 34 patients switched treatment from cyclosporine-ME to tacrolimus, but only 6 patients receiving tacrolimus required alternative therapy. Mean doses of MMF at 1 year were also lower in the tacrolimus group (1.36 vs. 1.67 g/day; P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the use of tacrolimus therapy for uremic patients with type 1 diabetes who are undergoing SPK transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Charite Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany. wolf.bechstein@kgu.de
authors.forename: Wolf Otto
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Bechstein
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malaise
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saudek
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Laureano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Cruz
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margreiter
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakache
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Secchi
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vanrenterghem
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tydén
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Ophem
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berney
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boucek
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landgraf
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Squifflet
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000601:surgery; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000601:surgery; D004655:Emulsions; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007557:Israel; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D012449:Safety; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus